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DEPRESSION in

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WHAT IS DEPRESSION?
A common problem in children or adults Many changes we face as we grow up can lead to depression The symptoms affect every aspect of our life: energy appetite sleep interest in study/ work hobbies relationship

May not look same in a child as in adult

There are many steps that can be taken to overcome the symptoms, no matter our ages and the challenges we face

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Children Percentage Gender Boy 6.5% Girl Men 5.33% Adult 16.0% Women 10.67%

Equal rates during childhood Girls entering puberty are twice as likely than boys Family history

Major causes Tendency to commit suicide

Unemployed

Childbearing

5.75%

1.15%

45.0%

15.0%

Ref: http://www.bayridgetreatmentcenter.com/facts_statistics.html

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SYMPTOMS / EFFECTS
Children Adults

CAUSES
Similarities Differences

TREATMENT
Children Adults

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SYMPTOMS/EFFECTS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Feeling sad Crying spells Major change in eating routine Major change in sleep pattern Constant tiredness Loss of interest in usual activities Increased irritability Poor concentration Low self-esteem, feeling of worthlessness 10. Poor communication among friends and family 11. Social withdrawal 12. Frequent school absences or poor performance 13. Talk of or attempts to run away from home 14. Thoughts or expressions of suicide or self-inflicted behavior

CHILDREN

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Feeling sad Crying spells Major change in eating routine Major change in sleep pattern Constant tiredness Lead to some medical problems such as heart diseases 7. Loss of interest in usual activities 8. Increased irritability 9. Poor concentration 10. Low self-esteem, feeling of worthlessness 11. Poor communication among friends and family 12. Social withdrawal 13. Frequent work absences or poor performance 14. Increased use of alcohol and other drugs 15. Thoughts or expressions of suicide or self-inflicted behavior

ADULTS

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Ref: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat2007_10highlights.pdf

SIMILARITIES

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1. Feeling sad 2. Crying spells 3. A major change in eating routine 4. A major change in sleep pattern 5. Constant tiredness 6. Loss of interest in usual activities 7. Increased irritability 8. Poor concentration 9. Low self-esteem, feeling of worthlessness 10. Poor communication among friends and family 11. Social withdrawal 12. Frequent school/work absences or poor performance 13. Thoughts or expressions of suicide or self-inflicted behavior DIFFERENCES Children Talk of or attempts to run away from home Adults Increased use of alcohol or other drugs Lead to some medical problems

CAUSES
SIMILARITIES
1. GENETIC FACTOR

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Depression can occur in generation after generation in a particular family

2. PERSONALITY Depression is more likely to occur in in people who have: I. low self-esteem II. negative attitudes III. overall pessimistic view of life

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3. CHEMICAL IMBALANCE
Associated with neurotransmitter like serotonin and dopamine

* neurotransmitter play a large role in how our body produce, absorb and release neurochemicals, minerals and amino acids

4. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSESS I. death of parents II. failing in class or job III. first day at a new place IV. accepting a leadership role V. abusive home

1. MEDICAL CONDITIONS Adult

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Children

Depression is more likely to occur Depression is more likely to occur in adult who develop: in children who have:

DIFFERENCES

Heart disease Stroke Diabetes Cancer Parkinsons disease Alzheimers disease

Mental illness Physical abuse

2. MEDICATIONS Adult often take a few medications that lead to depression - make an existing depression worse. Examples: Certain blood pressure medications Sleeping pills Antibiotics Birth control pills Antiseizure medications: - lamictal, topiramate, gabapentin

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TREATMENT
(1) Therapies Implementation

(2) Drug Prescription (3) Ongoing Care

 Psychotherapy

Therapies Implementation

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Identifying and correcting negative thought patterns or misinterpretations Eg: negative view of the self, the world and the future

Involves playing and talking

CHILDREN

Family Therapy

Group Therapy
Develop social skills that can lead to a greater sense of knowledge and self esteem Eg: easier to express feelings in a supportive group environment

Address the problem that may deteriorate depression in children: Eg: lack of parental boundaries severe marital conflict strict or harsh rules neglectful or overly involved parent-child relationship

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 Psychotherapy
Involves talking to figure out problems

Complementary Therapy
Eg: lifestyle changes meditation, biofeedback and other relaxation therapies hypnosis physical therapies environmental therapies spiritual or faith-based activities interaction with other people and animals limiting alcohol intake and refraining from using illicit drugs

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

ECT or shock therapy is safe and effective Eg: alternative for people with severe clinical depression people who cannot safely take antidepressant medication

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ADULTS

Drug Prescription
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
Eg: Fluoxetine (Prozac) Escitalopramoxalate (Lexapro)

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Eg: Phenelzine (Nardil)

CHILDREN

Atypical Antidepressants
Eg: Bupropion(Wellbutrin)

Tricyclic

Antidepressants
Eg: Amitriptyline (Elavil)

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 Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Eg: Fluoxetine (Prozac) Sertraline (Zoloft)

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

Eg: Doxepine (Adapin)

Atypical Antidepressants
Eg: Aripiprazole (Abilify) Tricyclic

Antidepressants
Eg: Amitriptyline (Elavil)

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ADULTS

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Children Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Fluoxetine (Prozac) Escitalopramoxalate Atypical antidepressants Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Adult Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Fluoxetine (Prozac) Escitalopramoxalate Atypical antidepressants Aripiprazole (Abilify)

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) Phenelzine (Nardil)

Tricyclic antidepressants Amitriptyline (Elavil)

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) Doxepin (Adapin)

Tricyclic antidepressants Amitriptyline (Elavil)

Children

Education Child and family members involved informally in family therapy Knowing how to make sure a child is following a treatment plan - taking medicine correctly - going to counseling appointments Learning ways to reduce stress

Adult Ongoing Self-care at home Care Try to identify and focus on activities that make the patient feel better Talk with friends and family and consider joining a support group Try to maintain a positive outlook Regular exercise and proper diet are essential to good health Try to get enough rest and maintain a regular sleeping pattern Avoid drinking alcohol or using any illicit substances

Knowing the signs of a relapse and what to do to prevent depression from recurring
Knowing the signs of suicidal behavior, how to evaluate their seriousness, and how to respond Learning how to identify signs of a manic episode Parents and children with depression must seek treatment

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WRAP-UP

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The biggest misconception: many people believe children cannot become depressed It can happen to anyone, at any age, no matter our background, or our precious accomplishment in life Lack of awareness about this often go undiagnosed The symptoms of depression in both adults and children are basically the same, Depression can be treated, and with the right support, treatment, and self- help strategies feel better and live a happy life 2/3 will recover within days or weeks 25% will continue to exhibit mild to severe symptoms for months or years 10% will have continuous or intermittent symptoms for two or more years

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IT IS NEVER TO LATE TO MAKE POSITIVE CHANGES AND Experiences A HAPPY LIFE