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It therefore follow s that tan = 0, w hen sin = 0, and tan is undefined w hen cos = 0. 1. This graph is continuous, but is undefined w hen
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All of the three functions periodically repeat their values and the simplest w ay to learn this, is to make sure that you understand the general rules below w hich use 'n' to represent any integer (i.e. any w hole number, both positive and negative). ( Remember: n means "every 180 degrees", and 2 n means "every 360 degrees".) Sin curves sin = 0 w hen = n sin = 1 w hen = 2n + 2 sin = 1 w hen = 2n 2 Cos curves cos = 0 w hen = 2n cos = 1 w hen = (2n + 1) 2 cos = 1 w hen = (2n + 1) Tan curves tan = 0 w hen = n tan = w hen = (2n + 1) 2
Example:
Solve the equation cos = 0, for +. The finite solution set is = 2 and 2. There are two methods to find the solution of a trigonometric equation: 1. Use the graph of the trigonometric functions. 2. Use the four quadrants of the coordinate grid. The first step in both cases is to find the principal value, (or PV of w hich is the value you get from the calculator).
has one solution in this interval called the principal value of . It is in the first or fourth quadrant.
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Any equation cos = C for the domain [0, ], has one solution in this interval called the principal value of . It is in the first or second quadrant.
Principal values for tan All the possible values for tan = T occur in the interval
The one solution in this interval called the principal value of . It is in the first or fourth quadrant.
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This can be summarised as: For sin = S (w here |S| 1), the general solution is = PV + 2n = SV + 2n or = PV + 360 0 = SV + 360 0
This rule is also true for cos , and tan . This means that w hen solving trigonometric equations w ith a multiple of , there w ill be a different number of solutions in a 360 0 range. In these situations find the tw o initial solutions, make the general set of solutions, and then rearrange to find .
Example:
Solve cos (3 + 45) = 0.5 (3 + 45) = 120 (from calculator) and, (3 + 45) = 120 (cos is negative in the second and third quadrants) Therefore, (3 + 45) = 120 360n and (3 + 45) = 120 360n. Therefore, = 55 120n , and = 25 120n A final hint. Watch out for trigonometric equations that are quadratics.
Example:
2 sin 2 + sin 1 = 0 This has to be factorised and then solved. (2 sin 1) (sin + 1) = 0, w here 0 360 sin = 0.5 or sin = -1 and solve as before to get, = 30, 150, or 270. (See if you can get these solutions.)
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