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MOCK TEST PAPER (SOLVED)
Subject : Physics
Class : 12 (CBSE)
Ans. 1. Electric intensity. It is a vector quantity.
Ans. 2. Here, V = 3 H
We know that tan =
V
H
=
3 H
H
=
3
= 60
Ans. 3. When the iron core is removed from the iron core the brightness of the bulb remains uneffected because the
resistance of the circuit and hence the current remains the same.
Ans. 4. Radio waves, microwaves, UV rays and X-rays.
Ans. 5. For a lens, we know that
1
f
=
2 1
1
( )

1 2
1 1

R R
_

,
Here,
1
the refractive index of the surrounding medium and
2
the refractive index of the material of
the lens.
Here,
L
i.e.,
2
<
m
i.e.,
1

1
f
is ve
f is ve
The convex lens will behave as a concave lens.
Ans. 6. We know
0
= h
c

or =
0
hc

0
1

The metal B, whose work function is more has lower threshold wavelength.
Ans. 7. The collector current decreases as the width of the base region increases.
Ans. 8. The logic gate realised is an OR gate. The given circuit gives an output when at least one of the input is 1.
logic symbol
A
B
y = A + B
Ans. 9. (i)
1
2
Q
Q
= 1 because the same charge flows in both of them.
(ii) Since in parallel connections, the potential is the same, therefore, the required ratio is 1 : 1.
Also, C
s
=
1 2
1 2
C C
C C +
and C
P
= C
1
+ C
2

s
P
C
C
=
1 2
1 2
1 2
C C
C C
C C
+
+
=
1 2
2
1 2
C C
(C C ) +
Ans.10. The fall of potential per unit length i.e., potential gradient is given by the slope of the graph between potential
V and length L.
Clearly, the slope of the graph for potentiometer B is less ; its potential gradient will also be less. Thus, the
balancing length will be large. This increases the accuracy of measurement. Hence, B is preferred.
Ans.11. Here, E
2
= 1.02 V, balancing length l = 51 cm
(i) Fall of potential per cm =
1.02 V
51 cm
= 0.02 V cm
1
(ii) emf of the cell E
1
= 0.02 100 = 2 V
(iii) The balance point will remain the same because no current flows through r in both the cases.
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Ans.12. Here, N = 30, r = 8.0 cm = 8 10
2
m,
i = 6.0 A, B = 1.0 T,
= 60
Torque acting on the coil when placed in the magnetic field.
= NiAB sin
= 30 6 3.14 (8 10
2
)
2
sin 60
= 30 6 31.4 (8 10
2
)
2
0.866 Nm
= 3.13 Nm
Ans.13. Here, Area of the coil = A
Number of turn = N
Magnetic flux density = B
Angular velocity =
The magnetic flux linked with the coil
= NBA cos = NBA ( Q = 0 and cos = 1)
Time taken to complete one revolution
dt =
2

The induced emf e =

d
dt

=
NAB
2

2
NAB (Ignoring the ve sign)
Ans.14. We know that
=
S S
P P
E I
E I
100
80
100
=
P
20
20
20
200 I

=
P
20
200 I
I
P
=
20 100
80 200

= 0.125 A
Ans.15. The diagram of Hertzs experiment is shown alongside.
Figure shows the experimental arrangement used by Hertz. Two
large metal spheres S and S are attached to two large metal plates
P and P respectively. The spheres are connected to an induction coil
I. By interrupting currents in the induction coils, a sudden high
voltage is applied across the gap. The voltage is high enough to
ionise the air in the gap and a spark jumps the gap. Since the air is
ionised, the spark gap consists of electrons and ions from the air,
which oscillate back and forth. This process results in the
production of electromagnetic waves. The frequency of
electromagnetic waves is determined by the inductance and
capacitance of the coil and rods that form the gap.
To detect these waves, Hertz designed detector which consisted of a single loop of wire connected to two
spheres. It had its own effective inductance,capacitance and natural frequency of scillation. The electromagnetic
waves reaching the gap of the detector had an electric field strong enough to establish a high potential differece
between the gap G and cause a spark. Hertz could observe tiny sparks jumping between a gap GG, thereby
proving detection of electromagnetic radiations.
Ans.16. In the figure is shown the graph giving the variation of the angle of deviation with the angle of incidencei.
Now, for a prism, i + e = A +
When the prism is placed in the minimum deviation position.
i = e and =
m
Detector
40 cm
P
P
S
S
Input
Induction
coil
60 cm
G
G
3
5

c
m
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and angle of refraction r =
A
2
From the above relation i + i = A +
m
or i =
A +
2
m

Now =
sin
sin
i
r
=
A
sin
2
A
sin
2
m
+
which is the required relation.
Ans.17. Here, band gap = 2.8 eV = 2.8 1.6 10
19
J
Required wavelength
m
=
E
hc

m
=
34 8
19
6.63 10 3 10
m
2.8 1.6 10


= 4.440 10
7
m
= 4440

A = 444 nm
This is the maximum wavelength which can be detected by the photo diode. It cannot, therefore, detect the
wavelength of 6000 nm which is much greater than 444 nm.
Ans.18. (i) Band pass filter : Sometimes, it is desired that a particular band of frequencies alone is allowed to pass
through a circuit.It is achieved with the help of a band pass filter. A band pass filter rejects low and high
frequencies and allows a band of frequencies to pass through.
(ii) Modulation index : Modulation is the phenomenon in which some characteristic of a carrier wave is
changed in accordance with the instantaneous amplitude of the audio frequency modulating signal. The
extent upto which the characteristic of the carrier is changed is called modulation index. It is denoted by
m.
For amplitude modulation, m is given by
m =
m
c
A
A
, where A
m
and A
c
are the amplitudes of the modulating and carrier waves.
If M
1
and M
2
are the maximum and minimum amplitudes of the modulated wave, then
M
1
= A
c
+ A
m
and M
2
= A
c
A
m
then m =
1 2
1 2
M M
M + M
In frequency modulation
m =
max
m
f

, where f
max
= f
c
KE
m
Ans.19. The arrangement is as shown in the figure.
When the slide is in the middle of the potentiometer, only half of its resistance i.e.,
0
R
2
will be in parallel with
R.
Their combined resistance R
1
is given by
1
1
R
=
1
R
+
0
2
R
R
1
=
0
0
RR
R 2R +
Total resistance of the circuit is
0
R
2
+ R
1
=
0 1
R 2R
2
+
Current through the potentiometer wire is
I =
1 0
2V
2R + R
B C
R
+V
A
R
O

m
i

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Voltage V
1
accross the resistanace R
V
1
= IR
1
=
1 0
2V
2R + R
R
1
=
0
0
0
2V
RR
2 R
R 2R
+
+

0
0
RR
R 2R +
=
0
0 0 0
2VRR
2RR R (R 2R) + +
=
0
2VR
R 4R +
Ans.20. Let a current I be passed through the solenoid, then the magnetic field produced in the solenoid is
B = nI =
0

r
N
l
I, where l is the length of the solenoid.
If A is area of cross-section of the coil, then the magnetic flux linked with coil is
= NAB
=
0

r
NA
N
l
I
=

2
0
N AI
r
l

Coefficient of inductance L =
I

=
2
0
N AI
I
r
l

L =
2
0
N A
r
l

Ans.21. We know that in Youngs double slit experiment, the fringe width is given by
=
D
d
(a) When the screen is moved away from the plane of the slit, D increases and hence the fringe width
increases.
(b) When decreases, decreases and interference pattern becomes narrower.
(c) Since
1
d
, as d increases, decreases and interference pattern becomes narrower.
Ans.22. Here, O = 2.5 cm, u= 27 cm, f =
36
2
= 18 cm, v = ?
Now, for a mirror, we know that
1
v
+
1
u
=
1
f
1
v

1
27
=
1
18
1
v
=
1
18
+
1
27
=
3 + 2
54
=
1
54
v = 54 cm
The screen should be placed at a distance of 54 cm from the mirror.
The image is real and inverted.
Now,
I
O
=
v
u
I =
54
27
2.5 = 5 cm
Size of the image is 5 cm.
As the value of u decreases, v increases i.e., the screen is moved away from the mirror.
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Ans.23. The Einsteins photoelectric equation is
h = h
0
+
1
2
mv
2
...(i)
where is the frequency of the incident light and
0
threshold frequency.
Clearly, h (
0
) =
1
2
mv
2
(i) If <
0
,
1
2
mv
2
i.e., KE of the ejected electron will be e which is not possible. Thus, no electrons will
be emitted if <
0
.
(ii) If the frequency of the incident light increases, the kE of the ejected electrons will also increase. There
is no change in the number of electrons ejected. There will be no change in the photoelectric current but
the velocity of the ejected electrons increases.
(iii) Keeping the frequency of the incident light fixed, when the intensity of light is increased, the photoelectric
current increases but the energy of electrons remains constant. This is so because when the intensity of
light is increased, the number of ejected photoelectrons increases because every incident photon ejects
one electrons. The energy of the electrons remains the same.
Ans.24. decay is represented by
X
A
Z
Y
A 4
Z 2
+ He
2
4
Initial neutron to proton ratio =
A Z
Z
Final neutron to proton ratio =
A 4 2
2
Z
Z
+
=
A 2
2
Z
Z
which shows that the neutron to proton ratio increases.
(ii) Beta-decay is represented by
X
A
Z
Y
A
Z + 1
+
1
Although A remains constant, during beta-decay, but the number of neutrons increases.
Initial neutron to proton ratio =
A Z
Z
Final neutron to proton ratio =
A (Z + 1)
Z +1
Thus the neutron to proton ratio decreases.
Ans.25. The nuclear reaction is represented by H
2
1
+ Li
6
3
He
4
2
+ He
4
2
Mass of the reactants = 2.0141 + 6.0155 = 8.0296 u.
Mass of the products = 4.0026 + 4.0026 = 8.0052 u
Mass defect = 8.0296 8.0052 = 0.0244 u.
Energy released = 0.0244 931 MeV = 22.7164 MeV
This energy is shared by both the particles equally.
Energy of the particle =
22.716
2
= 11.36 MeV
Ans.26. A study of the output of the three gates having A and B as the input shows that
(i) Gate G
1
is an OR gate
(ii) Gate G
2
is a NAND gate
(iii) Gate G
3
is an AND gate
The NAND gate is referred to as a universal gate.
Its symbol is
Its truth table is a given below :
A B Y = AB
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
y =AB
A
B
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OR gate can be obtained by using NAND gates as shown below.
AND gate using NAND gates
y =A B = AB
A
B
AB
Ans.27. The arrangement suffers from the following drawbacks :
(i) Signals cannot go very far off without employing large amount of power because the signal has not been
modulated.
(ii) Band width is small.
Alternative arrangement
We introduce modulator and R.F. oscillator in the transmitter. Modulator superimposes base band signals on
carrier waves generated by radio frequency oscillator. It is done so because audio signals cannot cover a large
distance. Signals get attenuated before they reach the receiving end. Carrier waves have high frequency. They
can cover large distances without being attenuated. They act as a means to transport base band signals over
a large distance. On the receiving side demodulator is introduced which produces audio signals from the
modulated signals. Antennas help us to radiate and pick up signals.
Ans.28. Consider a parallel plate capacitor. Let it be charged to
a potential V by a charge Q. If C is the capacity of the
capacitor, then
C =
Q
V
or Q = CV
Let q and v by the charge and the potential difference at any stage during the charging process, then
q = Cv
Small amount of work done in transferring an additional charge dq is
dW = vdq =
C
q
dq
Total work done in giving a charge Q to the capacitor is
W =
Q
0
C
q
dq
=
1
C
Q
2
0
2
q
1
1
]
U =
Q
2C
2
But Q = CV
U =
1
2

2 2
C V
C
=
1
2
CV
2
which is the required expression.
When the capacitor is disconnected, the charge on the capacitor remains constant.
Antenna Antenna
Amplifier Modulator
I
n
p
u
t
R
.
F
.
O
s
c
i
l
l
a
t
o
r
s
Audio
amplifier
Output
m
o
d
u
l
a
t
o
r
T
u
n
a
b
l
e
a
m
p
l
i
f
i
e
r
Q Q
A
B
B
A
B
Y= A+B
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(i) When the dielectric is introduced between the plates of the capacitor the electric field decreases due to
the polarisation of the dielectric.
As a result the potential difference V decreases K times
C =
Q
V
K
= KC, increases K times
(ii) As said earlier the potential difference decreases. The new potential difference v is given as
V =
V
K
(iii) The energy stored U is given by
U =
1
2
CV
2
1
2
= KC
U
1
2
2
CV
K
=
U
K
i.e., energy is reduced K times.
Ans.29. Distinction between the magnetic properties :
Diamagnetic Paramagnetic Ferromagnetic
Susceptibility :
Very small and negative Small and positive High and positive
Permeability :
Less than one Small but greater than one Extremely large
Coercivity : ............. ............. Exists
Examples : Bi, Cu Al, Na Fe, Ni
External magnetic field near (i) diamagnetic (ii) paramagnetic substances are as shown below :
Ans.30. In the figure is shown the refraction of a light through a glass prism XYZ. PQ is the incident ray and QR and
RS the refracted and the emergent ray respectively. The angles of ingidance i, angle of deviation and the angle
of emergence e are marked in the figure. The ray PQ emerges along RS after being refracted along QR. As
seen from the fig., In DQR.
DQR = i r
1
and DRQ = e r
2
Now, in DQR, QD is produced.
= i r
1
+ e r
1
= i + e (r
1
+ r
2
) ...(i)
Now, in the quadrilateral XQER
A + E = 180 ...(ii)
and in QER
r
1
+ r
2
+ E = 180 ...(iii)
Diamagnetics
B < B
0
B < B
0
Paramagnetics
X
L A
E
e
Y Z
S
P
D
N
Q
r
1
r
2

i
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From (ii) and (iii), we have
A + E = r
1
+ r
2
+ E
A = r
1
+ r
2
Putting in equation (i) we have
= i + e A
or i + e = A + , which is the required relation.
(b) We know =
1
sin C
sin C =
1

=
1
1.5
= 0.6667
C for glass = 42
If the angle of incidence in glass is 42, the ray will be totally reflected.
(i) The ray PQ incident on the face AB is refracted along QR
and is then totally reflected along RS.
(ii) A ray of light PQ incident on hypotenuse is deviated
through 180 and emerges along TU.
C
45
T
A
Q
P
45
45
90
R
B
S
P
U
A
45
R
S B C
Q
T