Fast Multipole Boundary Element Method

Multipole BEM
Breaking the High Frequency Barrier
Dr. Koen De Langhe Ir. Peter Segaert
Dr. Fuliang Zhan (LMS China )
Problem statement:
Performance Simulation of Engines
Objective
Performance simulation stretches over different attributes : Engine performance, Vibration, Noise radiation (acoustics), Durability, Model is be adapted to provide solutions in different attribute domains. For noise radiation: a FULL FE model of the engine is needed: HUGE FE models Frequency target: 3000Hz and higher Physically large systems resulting in vast structural and acoustic models in the frequency range of interest efficiency is key Engine: 5 X 2 X 2 meter Frequency target: 3000 Hz Around 50 elements / meter 2500 elements / m^2 Overall resulting in 125 000 elements
Particular issues
Example model size
2 copyright LMS International - 2008
Problem Statement
BODY
Vehicle loading
Sound Package Design

Lower fuel consumption Lower TRIM Cost
Problem Statement Vehicle Exterior Acoustics
Objective
Vehicle exterior acoustics: simulate the pressure distribution on the exterior of the car up to 5000 Hz and more in view of more accurate sound package optimization Or in view of simulating pass-by-noise Complex system: Including engine bay, exhaust, wheel house,.. Up to high frequency, resulting in HUGE BEM models
Particular issues
Example model size
Typical dimensions: 5 X 2 X 1.5 m meter Frequency target: 5 000 Hz Around 100 elements / meter 10 000 elements / m^2 Overall resulting in 410 000 BEM elements
Problem Statement Ultrasonic sensors
Objective
Detect obstacle Detect intrusion, glass breaking
Particular issues
Very high frequency operating conditions: typically 40 to 50khz Performance of sensor is dependant up system integration: need to model the full system as well Full system: bumper, grill, interior Grill: 0. 5 X 0.25 meter Frequency target: 50 kHz Around 1000 elements / meter 1 000 000 elements / m^2 Overall resulting in 125 000 elements
Example model size
Breakthrough technology is needed

Classical BEM: For every doubling of frequency:
Classsical BEM
Size of the model 2000 (mid size) System requirements O(minutes) / frequency Runs on a regular PC; full frequency O(hour) / frequency For full frequency, preferably to run on high end PCs or workstations O(day) / frequency Typically only few frequencies, runs in parallel on supercomputers
Times 64
wrt calculation times
10 000 (large size)
50 000 (Huge size)
Need for new techniques to solver ultra-large scale models

Performance Gains with NEW Multipole BEM solver
DOFs
Frequency
Doubling Frequency
Conventional BEM
O n3
( )
2
O f6
( )
2
64 more time needed
NEW Fast Multipole BEM
O n log (n )
O f log f
2
( ))
2
From 4 to 6 more time needed
Classical BEM versus Multipole BEM

10 000 000 Computation times
Conventional BEM
Multipole BEM 100 000
100
>100 times faster 0.1 1k

10k
100k
1000k
Model Size
Example speed up conventional BEM versus FMBEM
1000 100 10 1
50
00
00
50
00
50
00
50
40
0,1 0,01 0,001 0,0001 0,00001
75
50
00
50
00
18
25
28
32
35
11
14
21
39
42
46
For complex models and higher frequencies, the new powerful multipole BEM solver is faster then FEM acoustics
49
50
Radiation process
PDS Motion Flexible Body Simulation
frequency
Structural Loads
Vector Processing
time
Structural Mesh
Structural Modes
Vibration Response
structural acoustical
BEM Mesh Acoustic Boundary Conditions Pressure Response
2 options: -Create optimal mesh with mesh coarsening (2 hours) Or -Just create envelop. 5 minutes
Field Point Mesh
ATVs
Significant gain with FMBEM
Benefits of Multipole BEM
1.Faster and less memory

requirements for medium to large size problems O ( N * Log^2 ( N ) ) Versus O(N^3)
2.Opens a range of new

applications: From 50 000 Elements To >> 1 000 000 elements
3. Efficiency for meshing:

relaxes the meshing constraint
New Range of Applications
1. High frequency self

induced pressure loading: Simulating the pressure loading on vehicles engine, exhaust, tire sources
2. Vehicle Loading for

Transparency problems: Simulating the pressure loading on vehicles when other vehicle passes-by
3. Pass-by-noise:
Simulating the noise level at given distance
New Range of Applications
1. Complete system simulation:

Modeling of engine bay, covers
2. Higher frequency noise radiation:

Injector ticking.. Today: practical up to 2500Hz With Fast Multipole BEM: practical up to 10 000 Hz
Fast Multipole BEM
Technology Components
The Kernel Decomposition Classical evaluation of BEM operator in near field Clustering of boundary elements and evaluation by multipole expansion in far field. Multilevel Substructuring Instead of transporting letters directly from
the sender to the receiver, they are dropped in a mailbox. From there they pass through a level hierarchypost office, distribution center, post office, postmanto finally arrive at their destination in a much more efficient way
Iterative Solver Technology GMRES SPAI preconditioner SVD (to reduce number of RHS)
64-bit Multi OS support Parallellized (MPI)
Technology components:
The Kernel Decomposition

Interaction between well-separated set of points can be treated in one time Less CPU time Less memory requirements Single level FMBEM: The object is cut into pieces Multipole Expansion is used to treat interaction between distant boxes
M1
BEM
M2
M1 FMBEM
M2
Multilevel Substructuring
Level 1
Level 3
Level 2
Level 4
CPU Time Trend
CPU Time (s)
Break even point.The break even point depends on complexity of model: Below this point, Classical BEM is preferred More accurate No convergence problems More performant
Number of DOFs
RAM Trend
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 55000
Application example of Multi-pole BEM for high frequency vehicle loading
Example 1: Vehicle exterior acoustics
BODY
Vehicle loading
Sound Package Design

Lower fuel consumption Lower TRIM Cost
Simulation Process
Step 1: Creation of Vehicle Mesh valid up to > 5 000 Hz Virtual.Lab Mesh Coarsening Acoustic mesh of about 366k Nodes Timing: ~ 3hrs Step 2: Acoustic pre (source definition, response points etc.) 30 minutes Step 3: Run the analysis (parallel machine) 1 day Step 4: Post-process results 1 hour
Results Predicted versus Measured
Test results obtained by GM

Results Predicted versus Measured
Test results obtained by GM
Computational Requirements
Hardware configuration: 64 node LINUX cluster 2 processors: Intel Xeon 5160 dual core at 3 GHz 16GB RAM / node 100GB hard disc / node Considered for this study: 4 node configuration (4 x 4 = 16 CPUs) 8 node configuration (4 x 8 = 32 CPUs) 16 node configuration 94 x 16 = 64 CPUs)
Example: Vehicle Acoustic Load
250 000 unknowns RAM requirements (Gb) CPU time (hours)
FMBEM 0.5 10
BEM 200 8000
Example 2: exterior acoustics of skidsteer

Intake noise
Exhaust noise
Cab noise treatment
Cooling noise
Enclosure modeling
Powertrain and gear noise
Hydraulic noise
Problem statement and solution
Problem Statement: Simulate the exterior noise and driver ear noise from exhaust noise source. Accurate prediction of diffraction around the structure Up to 2000Hz: resulting in detailed exterior acoustics model Solution: VL Acoustics Acoustic meshing: envelope of the structural mesh. Created in Virtual.Lab Multipole BEM for exterior acoustics
Comparison Classical BEM versus Multipole BEM
Coarse model: 8.6 kNodes 9 kElements Up to 500Hz
Fine model: 86 kNodes; 171kTRIA elements Mesh creation: 5 minutes (envelope of the structural mesh) Up to 2000hz
Example 4: Powertrain radiation Problem statement
Pain of the Powertrain NVH manager: Accurately and efficiently predict the radiation noise of an engine in operating conditions, identify critical areas, and provide a fundamental solution Pain of the Engineer: Pressure on time Vast amount of data: Huge FEM structural models: up to 3M Nodes Large number of load conditions Every higher frequencies, ever larger models Finding a solution to the problem Solution: LMS Virtual.Lab Numerical Engine Acoustics And multipole BEM acousitic #1 solution
Coarse model: 4.5 kNodes 9 k TRIA elements Up to 1500Hz

Fine model: 60 kNodes 120 kTRIA elements Up to 10000Hz
Example 5: Horn design Problem statement
Objectives: Frequency response Sensitivity versus efficiency Directivity Distortion Frequency range Constraints Maximum size Manufacturing Pleasing design With Classical BEM: computational resources allow the calculation of small horns up to about 10kHz with high accuracy. For large horns: too huge models in full audible frequency range Solution: LMS Virtual.Lab Multipole BEM
Coarse model: 4.2 kNodes 8.2 k TRIA elements Up to 2000Hz

Example 7: Acoustic scattering Problem statement

Objective Optimize the passive acoustic signature of the system Make the ship or submarine more stealth like Analyze the scattered field: -Minimize the reflected field Design proper countermeasures: -Fitting of anechoic tiles to the hull -Shape From low to mid frequency sonar wave excitation
Acoustic Signature: Scattering

Solution Virtual.Lab Fast Multipole BEM
BEM Mesh
BEM analysis
Incident wave Benefits Analyze the scattered field from different angles efficiently Through the previous, creates insights Efficiently run and analyze different designs and different loading conditions
Coarse model: 5 kNodes 10 k TRIA elements Up to 400Hz
Thank you

Fast Multipole Boundary Element Method

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Fast Multipole Boundary Element Method

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Multipole BEM

Breaking the High Frequency Barrier

Dr. Koen De Langhe Ir. Peter Segaert

Dr. Fuliang Zhan (LMS China )

Performance Simulation of Engines

Example model size

2 copyright LMS International - 2008

Sound Package Design

3 copyright LMS International - 2008

Problem Statement Vehicle Exterior Acoustics

Example model size

4 copyright LMS International - 2008

Problem Statement Ultrasonic sensors

Detect obstacle Detect intrusion, glass breaking

Example model size

5 copyright LMS International - 2008

Breakthrough technology is needed

10 000 (large size)

50 000 (Huge size)

Need for new techniques to solver ultra-large scale models

Performance Gains with NEW Multipole BEM solver

64 more time needed

NEW Fast Multipole BEM

From 4 to 6 more time needed

7 copyright LMS International - 2008

Classical BEM versus Multipole BEM

Multipole BEM 100 000

>100 times faster 0.1 1k

Example speed up conventional BEM versus FMBEM

0,1 0,01 0,001 0,0001 0,00001

9 copyright LMS International - 2008

Field Point Mesh

Significant gain with FMBEM

10 copyright LMS International - 2008

Benefits of Multipole BEM

1.Faster and less memory

2.Opens a range of new

3. Efficiency for meshing:

11 copyright LMS International - 2008

New Range of Applications

1. High frequency self

2. Vehicle Loading for

12 copyright LMS International - 2008

New Range of Applications

1. Complete system simulation:

2. Higher frequency noise radiation:

13 copyright LMS International - 2008

Fast Multipole BEM

64-bit Multi OS support Parallellized (MPI)

14 copyright LMS International - 2008

The Kernel Decomposition

15 copyright LMS International - 2008

16 copyright LMS International - 2008

CPU Time Trend

CPU Time (s)

17 copyright LMS International - 2008

18 copyright LMS International - 2008

Application example of Multi-pole BEM for high frequency vehicle loading

Dr. Koen De Langhe Ir. Peter Segaert

Dr. Fuliang Zhan (LMS China )

Example 1: Vehicle exterior acoustics

Sound Package Design

20 copyright LMS International - 2008