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Noise
Any unwanted input Limits systems ability to process weak signals Sources:
1.
2. 3. 4.
Random noise in resistors and transistors Mixer noise Undesired cross-coupling noise Power supply noise
Noise (contd.)
Random noise
External
Atmospheric Interstellar
Receiver internal
Thermal Flicker noise (low frequency) Shot noise
Sky Noise
Noise factor
is a measure of the degradation of SNR SNRi F 1 due to the noise added SNRo Implies that SNR gets worse as we process the signal Na Spot noise factor F 1 kT The answer is the bandwidth
measure of receiver performance wrt noise for a given bandwidth NF 10 log( F ) Noise figure
Multistage
(cascaded) system
Sensitivity
Minimum
detectable input signal level for a given output SNR (also called noise floor) Not necessarily related to required output SNR Example
Link Budget
Transmit power:
power (sensitivity)
Orinocco Aironet 350 -85 dBm -89 dBm -91 dBm -94 dBm SNR 16 dB 11 dB 7 dB 4 dB
Project
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