2 Marks & 16 Marks Unit 1

1.Define a software engineering. Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software, and the study of these approaches; that is, the application of engineering to software

2.what are all the different software engineering paradigms?

waterfall model prototyping model object oriented model spiral model WINWIN spiral model incremental model evolutionary model 3. what is meant by software Verification and Validation ? In software project management, software testing, and software engineering, Verification and Validation (V&V) is the process of checking that a software

system meets specifications and that it fulfils its intended purpose. It is normally part of the software testing process of a project.

4. what is meant by Independent Verification and Validation? Verification and validation often is carried out by a separate group from the development team; in this case, the process is called \"Independent Verification and Validation\", or IV&V.

5. define Dynamic verification . Dynamic verification is performed during the execution of software, and dynamically checks its behaviour; it is commonly known as the Test phase. Verification is a Review Process. Depending on the scope of tests, we can categorize them in three families:
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Test in the small: a test that checks a single function or class (Unit test) Test in the large: a test that checks a group of classes, such as o Module test (a single module) o Integration test (more than one module) o System test (the entire system) Acceptance test: a formal test defined to check acceptance criteria for a software

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Functional test Non functional test (performance, stress test)

6. define Static verification . Static verification is the process of checking that software meets requirements by doing a physical inspection of it. For example:
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Code conventions verification Bad practices detection Software metrics calculation Formal verification

7. define a software life cycle. The software life cycle is a general model of the software development process, including all the activities and work products required to develop a software system. A software life cycle model is a particular abstraction representing a software life cycle. Such a model may be:
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activity-centered -- focusing on the activities of software development entity-centered -- focusing on the work products created by these activities

8. define a Waterfall Model. The waterfall model prescribes a sequential execution of a set of development and management processes, with no return to an earlier activity once it is completed. Some variants of the waterfall model allow revisiting the

immediately preceding activity (\"feedback loops\") if inconsistencies or new problems are encountered during the current activity.

9.what is meant by RAD? Rapid application development (RAD) is an approach rather than a model. Its proponents view formal life cycle models as inherently inefficient, due to the large amount of documentation and the number of reviews required. The formality of such models is seen as interfering with customer communication. Instead, RAD focuses on developing a sequence of evolutionary prototypes which are reviewed with the customer, both to ensure that the system is developing toward the user\'s requirements and to discover further requirements. 10.define a system engineering concept. Systems engineering (also known as Systems design engineering) is an interdisciplinary field of engineering that focuses on how complex engineering projects should be designed and managed. Issues such as logistics, the coordination of different teams, and automatic control of machinery become more difficult when dealing with large, complex projects. Systems engineering deals with workprocesses and tools to handle such projects, and it overlaps with both technical and human-centered disciplines such as control engineering and project management.

11.what is computer based system? A System is a collection of interrelated componets that work together to achieve some objective.systems and their environment Two reasons why system engineers must understand the environment of a system : (1) The reason for the existence of a system is to make some changes in its environment. (2) The functioning of a system can be very difficult to predict. 12.define BPE. The BPR involves significant organisational change and that managing the change process must therefore be critical to the success of such undertakings with all its major ramifications. In particular the role of organisational culture within the change process is explored. These explorations are initially conducted using a search of the literature and this is followed by a small primary research exercise into a particular hypothesis and issue arising.

13.what is meant by BPR? Structures StaffSkillsStrategyStyleShared Values

Reengineering is the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in critical, contemporary measures of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed. 14.what are all the 7s models that can impact on the organization?
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System Structures StaffSkills Strategy Style Shared Values

15. what are all the Problems that can arise during system installation? (1) Proposed changes have to be analysed very carefully both from a business and a technical perspective. (2) Because sub-systems are never independent, changes to one sub-system may adversely affect the performance of another sub-system. (3) The reasons for original design decisions are often unrecorded. (4) As systems age, their structure typically becomes corrupted by change so the costs of additional changes increase.

16.define a V-Model Another variant of the waterfall model -- the V-model -associates each development activity with a test or validation at the same level of abstraction. Each development activity builds a more detailed model of the system than the one before it, and each validation tests a higher abstraction than its predecessor 17.what is meant by Project Management The project manager initiates, monitors and controls the project throughout the software life cycle. The project management plan is documented in the Software Project Management Plan (SPMP) during the Project Initiation process, and the plan is updated to reflect changes throughout the project.

18.what is meant by product engineering?

In the final phase a product X is being engineered. This product X uses the commonalities and variability from the Domain Engineering phase, so product X is being derived from the platform established in the Domain Engineering phase. It basically takes all common requirements and similarities from the preceding phase plus its own variable requirements. Using the base from the Domain Engineering phase and the individual requirements of the Product

Engineering phase a complete and new product can be built. After that the product has been fully tested and approved, the product X can be delivered. 19. define aTest product During this step the product is verified and validated against its specifications. A test report gives information about all tests that were carried out, this gives an overview of possible errors in the product. If the product in the next step is not accepted, the process will loop back to Build Product,

20.what is meant by Deliver and Support of Product The final step is the acceptance of the final product. If it has been successfully tested and approved to be complete, it can be delivered. If the product does not satisfy to the specifications, it has to be rebuilt and tested again. The next figure shows the overall process of product family/line engineering as described above. It is a full process overview with all concepts attached to the different steps.

PART-B (16 MARKS)

1. Explain the linear software life cycle model with suitable illustration. Bring out the demerits of this model. 2. (a) How do you differentiate software engineering from system engineering? (b) For each of the types of process models, identify the types of project suitable to Implement. (c) Distinguish between verification and validation process. 3. (a) What is meant by generic view of software engineering? Brief it. (b) Explain the process model, which is useful when staffing, is unavailable for Complete implementation. 4. (a) what is the difference between system and computer based system?

(b)What is prototyping? Mention its types. Also explain this model with advantages and disadvantages. 5. Define Software process model? Explain any one of it with a neat diagram 6. Explain the hierarchy of Business process Engineering. 7. Explain Software Life cycle process 8. Explain Evolutionary process model 9. Explain the different layers of Software Engineering? 10. (a) Describe the process model which defines a network of activities? (b) Why the first systems throw away system? Explain the concept with advantages and disadvantages. 11.(a) Draw a system engineering hierarchy diagram and explain the concept? (b) Explain the process model that combines the elements of waterfall and iterative fashion.