Subject :

Principles of Management Management

The organizing and controlling of the affairs of a business or a particular sector of a business 1. A better explanation is that management involves coordinating and over-seeing the work activities others so that their activities completed efficiently and effectively.

Efficiency :

refers to getting the most output from the least amount of inputs. Because managers deals with scares inputs---- including resources such as people, money, and equipment--theyre concerned with the efficient use of those resources. The use of manufacturing techniques has led to an increase in productivity capacity utilization on-time delivery and also has enabled to offer their products at competitive prices to their customers.

Effectiveness:

Management is also concerned with being effective. Completing activities so that organizational goals are attained. In successful organizations high efficiency and high effectiveness typically go hand in hand. Poor management (which leads to poor performance) usually involves being inefficient and ineffective or being effective but inefficient.

Management Functi

Planning :

Defining goals, establishing the plan of action, and developing plans to coordinate activities.

Organizing :
do it.

Deciding what needs to be done, how it will be done and, who is

Leading
people.

: Motivating, leading and any other actions involved in dealing with

Controlling :

Monitoring activities, to ensure that they are

Staffing: It is the function of manning the organization structure and keeping it

manned. Staffing has assumed greater importance in the recent years due to advancement of technology, increase in size of business

Management Roles
1

The term management roles refers to the specific actions or behaviors expected of a manager. Think of the different roles we seen --- such as student, employee, student organization member, sibling and so forth-----and we are expected some different things in these roles to do. Henry Mintzberg (a well known management researcher) defined some management roles.

Interpersonal Roles :

The interpersonal roles ones that involves people(subordinate, persons outside the organizations) and other duties that are ceremonial and symbolic in nature. There are three interpersonal roles : Figurehead Leader Liaison

Informational Roles :

The informational roles involve collecting, receiving, and disseminating information. The informational roles are : Disseminator Monitor Spokesperson

Decisional Roles : The decisional roles involve making decision and choices.
There are four decisional roles : Entrepreneur Disturbance handler Resource allocator Negotiator

Management Skills
What types of skills do managers need? Robert L. Katz developed one approach to describing management skills. He concluded that managers need three essential skills. Technical, Human, and Conceptual. But which skill is needed at different managerial level s? This is explained as follows.

Skills needed at Different managerial levels :

Conceptual Skills :

Conceptual skills are the skills managers use to think and to conceptualize about abstract and complex situations. These skills are most important to top managers. Using these skills, managers see the organization as a whole, understand the relationships among various subunits, and visualize how the organization fits into broader environment.

Human Skills :

Several managers recognize the importance of human skills, which involve the ability to work well with other people both individually and in groups. Because all managers deal with people, these skills are equally important to all levels of management. Management with good human skills gets the best of their people. They know how to communicate, motivate. Lead and inspire enthusiasm and trust.

Technical Skills : Technical skills are the job specific knowledge and
techniques needed to perfectly perform work tasks. These skills need to be more for first line managers because they typically manage the employees who use tools and techniques to produce the organizations products, or to service the organizations customers. Some other important managerial skills are as follows: Delegating effectively. Being an effective communicator. Thinking critically. Managing work load. Indentifying clear roles for employees. Creating an environment of openness, trust and challenging. Managers should know how should be achieve the organizations objectives. Continuous updating of knowledge. Being open to failure and learn from mistakes. Discussion and exchange ideas among peers and friends. Having the courage to questions.