Circles I

By Muralle Properties of circles Chords - A radius which is perpendicular to a chord divides the chord into equal parts. chord Oradius

The perpendicular bisectors of two chords intersect at the centre of circle.

Two chords which are equal in length are equidistant from the centre. If PQ = RS, then OA = OB. R O A P B

Q S Chords of the same length cut arcs of the same length. If ST = PQ, then SUT = PRQ.

U S O

P R

Example 1 The diagram above shows a circle with a diameter of 20 cm. Given ACB and PRQ are straight lines. Given PQ = 16 cm and CR = 14 cm, find the length of AB. P A O C B Q Solution A O C B Q PQ PR = 16cm =
1 PQ 2

= 8 cm

OP

1 x diameter 2 1 = x 20 cm 2

= 10 cm From POR, P

10 cm

8 cm

R O By using the Pythagoras theorem, OR 2 = OP 2 - PR 2 OR = OP 2 - PR 2 = 10 2 - 8 2 = 36 = 6 cm CO = CR OR = 14 cm 6 cm = 8 cm

From AOC, A

10 cm

C O 8 cm By using the Pythagoras theorem, AO 2 = AO 2 - CO 2 AC = AO 2 - CO 2 = 10 2 - 8 2 = 36 = 6 cm Therefore, AB = 2 x AC = 2 x 6 cm = 12 cm

Angles in circles - Angles subtended at the circumference by arcs of the same length are equal. If PQ = RS, then x = y (if x = 25o , y = 25o) Q R P S

Angles subtended at the centre by arcs of the same length are equal. If MN = ST, then a = b (if a = 51o ,b = 51o) S

O a

b T

N The angle subtended at the centre by an arc is twice the angle subtended at the circumference by the same arc. (if x = 33o ,2x = 66o)

x 2x 2x

x x 2x

2x

Example 2 Find the value of x and y in the each of the following circles. 1. x 51o y 42o

Solution 1. x = 42o formed by the same arc y = total of opposite angles of the triangle = 51o + x = 51o + 42o = 93o Therefore, x = 42o and y = 93o

Test yourself Find the values of x and y in each of the following circles. 1.

x 70o y A. x = 100 , y = 600 B. x = 100 , y = 700 C. x = 300 , y = 600 60o

D. x = 300 , y = 700 2.

x O y

A. x = 100 , y = 200 B. x = 200 , y = 400 C. x = 300 , y = 600 D. x = 400 , y = 800 Questions 3,4 and 5 are based on the diagram below. AOCB and PBQ are straight lines and O is the centre of circle. Given PBQ = 48 cm and OB = 10 cm. C P B Q

A 3. Calculate the length of OP A. 12 cm B. 15 cm C. 23 cm D. 26 cm 4. Calculate the length of AOB A. 13 cm B. 26 cm C. 28 cm D. 52 cm 5. Calculate the length of AP

A. 13.14 cm B. 23.27 cm C. 43.27 cm D. 52.54 cm 6. In the circle below, find the value of x.

O x

226

A. 1100 B. 1130 C. 1340 D. 2780

7. In the diagram below, PQR is the diameter of the circle. Find the value of s.

s
O R

A. 300

B. 600 C. 1200 D. 1800 8. In the diagram below, O is the centre of the circle. Find the value of x.

2x

2x

A. 150 B. 300 C. 450 D. 900

9. In the diagram below, O is the centre and POQ is the diameter of the circle. Calculate the value of m.

O
31 58

Q
A. 310 B. 490 C. 580 D. 590 10. QPS and POR are straight lines as shown in Diagram above, O is the centre of the circle. The value of x + y is

A. 2100 B. 2200 C. 2300 D. 2500 Answers 1. A 2. 3. C B

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

B C B A B D C