Anecdotal Study- The investigator recounts an event or an individual that can be used to support a survey.

Census- an official count or survey of a population, typically recording various details of individuals Control-A group or individual used as a standard of comparison for checking the results of a survey or experiment Experiment-A scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact Non-response Bias-The bias that results from differences between those who agree to participate in a survey and those who don t Population-the entire aggregation of items from which samples can be drawn Random Number Generator-a routine designed to yield a random number Sample-A portion drawn from a population, the study of which is intended to lead to statistical estimates of the attributes of the whole population Simple Random Sample- a method for drawing a sample from a population such that all samples of a given size have equal probability of being drawn Survey-Investigate (behavior or opinions) by questioning a group of people Treatment-is something that researchers administer to experimental units Blindness-A randomized trial is "blind" if the participant is not told which arm of the trial he is on. a clinical trial is "blind" if participants are unaware on whether they are in the experimental or control arm of the study Comparative Experiment-Experiments conducted to determine statistically whether one procedure is better. Convenience Sampling-A sample where the patients are selected, in part or in whole, at the convenience of the researcher Explanatory Variable-A variable which is used in a relationship to explain or to predict changes in the values of another variable (qualitative) Observational Study-is a study in which a researcher simply observes behavior in a systematic manner Placebo-A substance containing no medication and prescribed or given to reinforce a patient's expectation to get well Replication- the repetition of a test or complete experiment Sampling Design-In the theory of finite population sampling, a sampling design specifies for every possible sample its probability of being drawn Simulation- the construction of a mathematical model for some process, situation, etc, in order to estimate its characteristics or solve problems about it probabilistically in terms of the model Selection Bias-A statistical bias in which there is an error in choosing the individuals or groups to take part in a scientific study Undercoverage-occurs when a specific group is under represented in a sample Blocking-is the arranging of experimental units in groups (blocks) that are similar to one another Confounding Variable-are variables that the researcher fail to control, or eliminate, damaging the internal validity of an experiment Cluster Sampling-is a sampling technique used when "natural" groupings are evident in a statistical population. It is often used in marketing research. Lurking-A variable that has an important effect and yet is not included amongst the predictor variables under consideration Parameter-is a numeric quantity, usually unknown, that describes a certain population characteristic Quantitative Data-is a type of information that can be counted or expressed numerically Response Variable- The outcome of a study; a variable you would be interested in predicting or forecasting. Often called a dependent variable (Quantitative) Sampling Frame-a list of all elements in the population of interest Statistic-is a single measure of some attribute of a sample Stratified Sampling-the population is divided into subpopulations (strata) and random samples are taken of each stratum. Voluntary Response-are things like mail-out surveys. The participants could choose to participate or not