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CHAPTER 5
r F2
r F1
Figure 5.3
They are equal in magnitude but opposite in the direction, thus Case 2: A particle in equilibrium as a result of three forces acting on it as shown in Figure 5.4.
F = F
F2 = 0
i.e.
= 0 OR
=0
r F3
Figure 5.4
r F1
r F2
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PHYSICS
F1
r F3
CHAPTER 5
r F2 i.e.
r r r r F = F1 + F2 + F3 = 0
= 0 and
Fy = 0
r F3
r F2
Case 3: A particle in equilibrium as a result of r four forces acting on it as shown in F4 Figure 5.5.
Figure 5.5
r F1
r F1
r F4
r F3
i.e.
r r r r r F = F1 + F2 + F3 + F4 = 0
r 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 F2 14 13
= 0 and
=0
2
PHYSICS
Example 1 :
CHAPTER 5
A load of 250 kg is hung by a cranes cable. The load is pulled by a horizontal force such that the cable makes a 30 angle to the vertical plane. If the load is in the equilibrium, calculate a. the magnitude of the tension in the cable, b. the magnitude of the horizontal force. (Given g =9.81 m s2) Solution : m = 250 kg Free body diagram of the load :
r T Ty 30o
30o
r F
60
r F
Tx
r mg
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 5
y-component (N)
r mg r F r T
F
T cos 60o
F =0
Fx = 0
y
F T cos 60 o = 0
(1)
=0
T sin 60 o 2453 = 0
T = 2833 N
b. By substituting eq. (2) into eq. (1), therefore
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(2)
F (2833 )cos 60 o = 0
F = 1417 N
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 5
Solution : m = 250 kg 2nd method : a. Since the load is in the equilibrium, then a closed triangle of forces can be sketched as shown below.
r mg
30
r T
r F
b.
mg = cos 30o T
T = 2833 N
F = sin 30o T
F = 1417 N
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PHYSICS
Example 2 :
CHAPTER 5
F2 = 20 N
F1 = 12 N
o
30.0 45.0 o
55.0 o
A
F3 = 30 N
Figure 5.6
Calculate the magnitude and direction of a force that balance the three forces acted at point A as shown in Figure 5.6.
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PHYSICS
Solution : Force
CHAPTER 5
F1 = 12 N; F2 = 20 N; F3 = 30 N
x-component (N) y-component (N)
r F1 r F2 r F3 r F
To find a force to balance the three forces means the system must be in equilibrium hence
=0
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PHYSICS
Solution :
CHAPTER 5
=0 9.83 + 10.0 21.2 + Fy = 0 Fy = 1.37 N
y
F=
and its direction,
(Fx )2 + (Fy )2
1
(31.6)2 + (1.37 )2
F = 31.6 N
Fy = tan F x
1 1.37
PHYSICS
Example 3 :
CHAPTER 5
r F
50.0o
Figure 5.7
A window washer pushes his scrub brush up a vertical window at constant speed by applying a force F as shown in Figure 5.7. The brush weighs 10.0 N and the coefficient of kinetic friction is k= 0.125. Calculate a. the magnitude of the force F , b. the normal force exerted by the window on the brush.
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PHYSICS
r F
50.0o
CHAPTER 5
Solution : W = 10.0 N; k = 0.125 a. The free body diagram of the brush : Force constant speed
r N
r W
r fk
r F r W r N r fk
x-component (N)
y-component (N)
F cos 50.0o
F sin 50.0o
0 N 0
r F = ma = 0
10.0 0 k N = 0.125 N
Thus
Fx = 0
y
N = F cos 50.0o
(1) (2)
10
=0
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PHYSICS
CHAPTER 5
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PHYSICS
Exercise 5.1 :
Use gravitational acceleration, 1.
CHAPTER 5
g = 9.81 m s2
Figure 5.8
The system in Figure 5.8 is in equilibrium, with the string at the centre exactly horizontal. Calculate a. the tensions T1, T2 and T3. b. the angle . ANS. : 49 N, 28 N, 57 N; 29 29
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PHYSICS
Exercise 5.1 :
2.
CHAPTER 5
Figure 5.9
A 20 kg ball is supported from the ceiling by a rope A. Rope B pulls downward and to the side on the ball. If the angle of A to the vertical is 20 and if B makes an angle of 50 to the vertical as shown in Figure 5.9, Determine the tension in ropes A and B. ANS. : 134 N; 300 N
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PHYSICS
Exercise 5.1 :
3.
CHAPTER 5
Figure 5.10
A block of mass 3.00 kg is pushed up against a wall by a force P that makes a 50.0 angle with the horizontal as show in Figure 5.10. The coefficient of static friction between the block and the wall is 0.250. Determine the possible values for the magnitude of P that allow the block to remain stationary. ANS. : 31.8 N; 48.6 N
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