Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1, 2012
Determination of Deflection Profile Using Modified Bransons Equation for Rubber Reinforced Concrete Beams
T. Senthil Vadivel1 and R. Thenmozhi2
1
Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering & Technology, Coimbatore 641 407, Tamilnadu, India. tsnsenthu@rediffmail.com Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Thandhai Periyar Government Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 002, Tamilnadu, India. thenmozhigct@yahoo.com
Abstract
A global environmental issue expects to safeguard the natural resources and proposes for the recycling and reuse of wastes. One such burning waste management problem is disposal of tyre rubber. Efforts have been taken worldwide for the effective disposal and management of these rubber wastes. The authors already suggested the use of waste tyre rubber strip as reinforcement in their earlier studies [10]. Now this current study intended to develop an equation for the deflection profile of rubber reinforced beams. Two series of beams were cast and tested with 2 numbers of 15mm x 25mm size flat rubber strip as tensile reinforcement in concrete beams. The first series of beam result indicates that the ultimate strength, flexural stiffness and deflection of the rubber reinforced beams can be accurately predicted based on the design theory and also suggested modification in the Bransons equation for the deflection of these beams. The next series of beams proves an agreement of predicted and recorded behavior of the test specimens, which approves the validity of the predicted model to determine the deflection of rubber reinforced beams.
2. Experimental Investigation
2.1 Materials
The materials used in this study were ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade, natural river sand with specific gravity and fineness modulus of 3.14 and 2.8 and coarse aggregate 2.61 and 7.42. Fe 415 grade steel and Flat truck tyre rubber strips are used as reinforcement. As per the manufacturers specification the specific gravity of truck rubber strip was 1.14 0.02, tensile strength ranges from 35 300 Kg /cm2 & elongation at break was 200% or 2 L.
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Where P is Total Load divided by two concentrated load each applied at the distance of a from the support, Ec is the modulus of elasticity of concrete, and Ie is the effective moment of inertia of the beam section. According Bransons equation (1963), the effective moment of inertia Ie , is determined as: I e = Ig Mcr Ma
3
+ Icr
1-
Mcr Ma
(2)
Where, Mcr = Cracking Moment, Ma = Maximum Service Moment, Icr = Moment of Inertia of the cracked section, Ig = Gross Moment of Inertia.
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Table 1 presents the test results of steel reinforced concrete and rubber reinforced concrete. It is clearly proves that there is a better correlation of experimental results and theoretical calculation as per Bransons equation for steel reinforcement. But predictions of the deflection of rubber reinforced beams are under estimated by the above said equation which has been clearly identified by comparatively very less deflection ratio of the rubber strip reinforcement than that of steel reinforcement. This motivates us to modify the current ACI recommendation for the deflection prediction.
(4)
The experimental effective moment of inertia now can be determined from the equation (3). With this result a regression analysis for the entire service load were performed. The results recommended the approximate average power value (m) for rubber reinforced beams as 7.4 and stiffness factor as 0.5. Thus, the recommended modified Branson equation to determine the effective moment of inertia for rubber reinforced beams is given below. Ie = Ig Mcr Ma
7.4
+ Icr
1-
Mcr Ma
7.4
x 0.5
(5)
6 mm @ 200 mm c/c
4 Nos. of 8 mm
6 mm @ 200 mm c/c
150 mm
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6 mm @ 200 mm c/c
2 Nos. of 8 mm
6 mm @ 200 mm c/c
150 mm
2100 mm
6 mm @ 200 mm c/c
2 Nos. of 8 mm
6 mm @ 200 mm c/c
150 mm
Binding Wire
2100 mm
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Table 1. Results of the First Series Beams (M25 Grade) Service Load Ps (KN)
8.25 7.48
Beam Set
A1 A2
Reinforcement Details
4 nos 8mm (Steel) 2 nos 8mm (Steel) and 15 x 25 mm size Flat truck tyre rubber strips 2 nos 8mm (Steel), 15 x 25 mm size Flat truck tyre rubber strips and 100 mm wire wounded @50mm c/c
ACI
2.63 2.38
A3
12.56
7.50
3.90
2.39
0.613
25 20
Load (KN)
15 10 5 0 0 10 20
Deflection (mm)
A1 A2 A3
30
40
Figure 3. Average Load Vs Deflection Relationships for the First Series of Beams
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Table 2. Comparison between Predicted and Experimental Results of Second Series Beams (M30 Grade) Ulti mate Load Pu (KN)
25.12
Beam Set
Act ual
9.30
Actual a u
3.10 28.60
B1
B2
14.49
5.08
5.83
10.08
53.49
9.60
51.60
1.05
1.04
B3
15.56
5.45
5.83
12.21
72.39
13.06
58.08
0.94
1.25
18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 20 40 60 Deflection (mm)
Load (KN)
B1 - Predicted B2 - Predicted
80
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18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 20 40
Deflection (mm)
Load (KN)
B1 - Actual B2 - Actual
60
80
Figure 5. Load Vs Deflection Relationships of Second Series Beams Actual Experiment Results
5. Conclusion
The validity of the modified Branson equation developed based on the load and deflection requirements for designing rubber reinforced concrete beams are investigated. The following recommendations are provided. 1. The ultimate flexural strength of rubber reinforced concrete beams of M25 and M30 grades are determined and which provides 60% of ultimate strength of steel reinforced concrete. Wire wounded rubber reinforced concrete gives the ultimate strength of 65% of the steel reinforced concrete.
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2.
According to the experimental results a simple empirical equation is created and suggested a model to predict service load and deflection. The accuracy of model is very much appropriate to the measured values and verified experimentally and proves better agreement with the test result. Hence this simple prediction model is safe and will save the cost and time of further development of rubber reinforced practice.
6. References
[1] ACI Committee 318 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete and Commentary, (ACI 318-92/ACI 318R-92), American Concrete Institute, Detroit, pp.353, 1992. [2] Ali,A.M., and Goulias,D.G., Enhancement of Portland Cements Concrete with Tyre Rubber,12th International Conference On Solid Waste Management, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,PA, 1996. [3] Alsyed S.H, Al-Salloum Y.A and Almusallam T.H. Performance of Glass Fiber reinforced Plastic Bars as a Reinforcing Material for Concrete Structures, Composites Part B: Engineering, Vol. 31, pp 555 567, 2000. [4] Bignozzi, M.C., and Sandrolini.F., Tyre Rubber Waste Recycling in Self-compacting Concrete, Cement & Concrete Research, Vol 36, Issue 4, pp 735-739, 2006. [5] Chou, L.H, Lu,C.K, Chang, J.R, & Lee, M.T., Use of Waste Rubber as Concrete Additive, International Solid Waste Association, 2007. [6] Eldin, N. N and Senuci, A.B., Rubber-tyre Particles as Concrete Aggregate, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 478-496, 1993. [7] Eldin, N. N and Senuci, A.B., Experts Join Panels to Guide Industry and Asphalt Rubber Technology Transfer, Advisory Committee-RPA, Annual Meeting, 2002. [8] Fairburn, B. and Larson, J., Experience with Asphalt Rubber Concrete An Overview and Future Direction, National Seminar on Asphalt Rubber, Cansas City, Missouri, pp 417-431, 2001. [9] Goulias, D.G. and Ali. A.H., Evaluation of Rubber Filled Concrete and Correlation between Destructive and Non-destructive Testing Results, Cement, Concrete and Aggregate, CCAGDP, Vol.- 20, No.1, pp 140-144, 1998. [10] Senthil Vadivel, T, Thenmozhi, R and Doddurani, M Experimental Study on Waste Tyre Rubber Reinforced Concrete, Journal of Structural Engineering, Structural Engineering Research Centre, Chennai, 2012.
Authors Profile
T. Senthil Vadivel is an Associate Professor in Civil Engineering in KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore. He is currently pursuing his Doctoral Programme in Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore. His areas of interests are Construction Management, Innovative Construction Materials Research, Rubberized Concrete Composites, Rehabilitation of Structures, Waste Utilization and Management.
Dr. R. Thenmozhi is a Professor in Civil Engineering in Thandhai Periyar Government Institute of Technology, Vellore. She received her Ph.D in Bharathiyar University in Structural Engineering Discipline. She is contributed over a 2 decades of service in engineering and technical education. She is guiding more than 10 research scholars in
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International Journal of Advances in Science and Technology, Vol. 4, No.1, 2012 diversified areas of Civil and Structural Engineering. Her interested areas are Structural Engineering, Finite Elements, Fiber Reinforced Concrete, Steel Structures, Steel Concrete Composites, Ferro cements and Self Compacting Concrete.
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