BASIC ELECTRIC ENERGY -Ability of a body to do work by virtue of POSITION,VELOCITY and CONDITION 1 HP = 746 Watt

STATES OF MATTER -SOLID,LIQUID AND GAS Number of PROTON is refer as ATOM NUMBER 1 Coulomb = 6.29 x 10(18) electrons Ampere may be defined by MOVEMENT OF ELETRONS 1A = 1 COULOMB/SEC Electro-Motive Force (EMF) measured in VOLTS +VE TO VE pushing current SAME DIRECTION +VE TO +VE or VE TO VE pushing current in OPPOSITE DIRECTION PD is measured by a VOLTMETER,connected in PARALLEL CHECK CURRENT IN SERIES CHECK VOLTAGE IN PARALLEL FACTOR AFFECT RESISTANCE 1)MATERIAL 2)LENGTH 3)CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA 4)TEMPERATURE RESISTANCE COLOUR CODE -First 2 band give first 2 number of the resistance value -third is the multiplication factor -forth band gives the tolerance RHEOSTAT is a variable resistor arranged to control current POTENTIOMETER is a variable resistor to control voltage -used to tap off part of the supply or signal voltage for con ection to a load TOTAL RESISTANCE in the circuit will be the sum of all the resistance IN SERIES POWER is the rate at which work is done FUSES metal with LOW RESISTANCE VALUES WHEATSTONE BRIDGE -widely used in TEST EQUIPMENT -determine value of unknown resistance by comparison to other known values -check by using GALVANOMETER MAGNETIC -lines of flux are to FLOW FROM NORTH TO SOUTH -always RUN PARALLEL to each other and NEVER CROSS LIKE POLES REPEL EACH OTHER AND UNLIKE POLES ATTRACT

FUNDAMENTAL OF ELECTROMAGNETISM -when current flow a magnetic field is produced *CORKSCREW -to know THE DIRECTION OF THE FIELD AROUND CONDUCTOR *RIGHT HAND GRASP RULE -determine the FIELD IN A COIL *FLEMING`S LEFT HAND RULE -this enable to predict the DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT OF THE CONDUCTOR *FLEMING`S RIGHT HAND RULE -determine the DIRECTION OF INDUCED EMF IN THE CONDUCTOR SOFT IRON has LOW RETENTIVITY and LOW COERCIVE FORCE -suitable as an ELECTROMAGNET HARD IRON has LARGE RETENTIVITY and LARGE COERCIVE -used for PERMANENT MAGNETS FACTOR AFFECT FORCE (MAGNETIC) 1)FLUX DENSITY 2)STRENGTH OF THE CURRENT IN THE CONDUCTOR 3)EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF THE CONDUCTOR IN THE FIELD CAPACITOR -a device that stores energy in form of an ELECTRIC CHARGE The unit of capacitor is THE FARAD and the symbol F INSULATORS SOLID,LIQUID OR GASEOUS OR A VACUUM KNOWN AS DIELECTRIC

FACTOR AFFECT CAPACITANCE 1) DISTANCE 2) AREA 3) DIELECTRIC ACCEPTOR CIRCUIT -THE CURRENT BEGINS AT ZERO AND INCREASES TO A MAXIMUM AT RESONANCE VOLTAGE MAGNIFICATION -VALUES OF REACTANCE ARE LARGE IN COMPARISON TO RESISTANCE,THEN Vc and VL WILL BE LARGER THAN THE SUPPLY VOLTAGE

DYNAMIC IMPEDANCE AT RESONANCE, THE IMPEDANCE IS MAXIMUM AND IS CALLED DYNAMIC IMPEDANCE ,THE CIRCUIT KNOWN AS A REJECTOR CIRCUIT BECAUSE OF THIS HIGH IMPEDANCE DAMPING IN SOME CIRCUIT A FAIRLY BROAD BANDWIDTH IS REQUIRED.ACHIEVE BY REDUCING THE SELECTIVITY OF A CIRCUIT BY THE INTRODUCTION OF A DAMPING RESISTOR IN PARALLEL WITH THE TUNED CIRCUIT POWER FACTOR ACTIVE power,the volt-amperes must be multiplied by the power factor The power factor is COSINE OF THE PHASE ANGLE USEFUL POWER = VI COS O TRANSFORMERS -devices that rely on mutual induction for their operation -main use is TO CHANGE AC VOLTAGE LEVELS -INPUT WINDING called PRIMARY WINDING -OUTPUT WINDING called SECONDARY WINDING STEP UP TRANSFORMER -output voltage GREATER than the input voltage -more number of turns in secondary windind STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER -output voltage LESS than the input voltage -less number of turns in secondary winding TURNS RATIO = NUMBER OF TURN ON SECONDARY NUMBER OF TURN ON PRIMARY