The respiratory system

Sections of the larynx, trachea and

lung
 Mediansaggital section of the larynx

1.
vestibule
1. epiglottic cartilage
6.
2. thyroid cartilage
ventricule
2. 3. arch of cricoid cartilage
7.
subepiglottic 5. 4. cartilages of trachea
cavity
5. lamina of cricoid cartilage
6. vestibular fold
3.
7. vocal fold
4.

4.
Hyaline cartilage:
Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Arytenoid cartilage except the vocal process
Elastic cartilage:
Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
Corniculate cartilage
Cuneiform cartilage
Epiglottic cartilage
Epiglottis
stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
with high papillae on the pharyngeal surface
stratified nonkeratinized squamous epithelium
without papillae on the laryngeal surface
Larynx
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Vocal fold
stratified squamous nonkeratinized epithelium
 laryngeal surface

elastic cartilage
salivary
glands

pharyngeal surface

51. larynx-epiglottis (HE), 4X

 Vestibular fold
Vocal fold

Ventricule

51. larynx (HE), 4X

Identification of the surfaces of epiglottis
Determination of vestibular and vocal folds
Recognition of covering epithelia
1.Tunica mucosa:
a, epithelium mucosae: ciliated pseudostratified columnar
epithelium, goblet cells, endocrine cells
b, lamina propria: loose connective tissue,
lymphocytes, plasma cells

2. Tunica submucosa: loose connective tissue

tracheal glands sero-mucous glands

3. Tunica fibro-musculo-cartilaginea: hyaline cartilage rings

annular ligg.
paries membranaceus
(trachealis muscle,
connective tisue)

4. T. adventitia: connective fibers, blood vessels, nerves

 hyaline
cartilage

ciliated pseudostratified
columnar epithelium
tracheal
glands

paries
membranaceus

52. trachea (HE), 4X

52. trachea (HE), 40X

ciliated pseudostratified
columnar epithelium

basal lamina

capillary
lamina propria
Find the characteristic items of the
tracheal wall.
1. T. mucosa: - ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
- epithelium gradually decreases in its height,
lamina propria becomes thinner towards the
terminal bronchioli
2. T. muscularis: smooth muscle layer in the larger bronchi
is replaced by spirally arrenged smooth
muscle cells in the smaller bronchi
3. Cartilage plates: decrease gradually in number and size

4. Adventitia: collagen fibers.

In the wall of the bronchi small salivary glands can be found.

 bronchial
lumen

hyaline
cartilage

smooth
muscle
alveolus

epithelium

53. lung- bronchus (HE), 10X

 53. lung- bronchiole
(HE), 10X

lumen of
bronchiole
alveoli

epithelium
 53. lung (HE), 40X

septum
pneumocyte I

pneumocyte II

alveolus
Differentiate between the walls of bronchi
and bronchioli.
 The layers of the blood-air barrier

surfactant

fused basal lamina

type I cell

capillary endothel

capillary
lumen
54. lung (orcein), 40X

elastic
fibers
pneumocyte I

pneumocyte II
Study the thin walls of alveoli.

Try to find pneumocyta II cells.