At

National Science Board
SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING
INDICATORS
2012
APPENDIX TABLES
www.nsf.gov/statistics/indicators/appendix/
NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION
SCIENCE AND
ENGINEERING
INDICATORS
2012
APPENDIX TABLES
List of Appendix Tables

Detailed appendix tables are available online at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/indicators/appendix/.
Chapter 1. Elementary and Secondary Mathematics and Science Education

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Average NAEP mathematics scores of students in grades 4, 8, and 12, by student and school characteristics:
19902009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Students in grades 4, 8, and 12 scoring at or above NAEPs proficient level in mathematics for their grade,
by student and school characteristics: 19902009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Average NAEP science scores of students in grades 4, 8, and 12, by student and school characteristics: 2009 . . . 5
Students in grades 4, 8, and 12 scoring at or above NAEPs proficient level in science, by student and
school characteristics: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Ninth-graders proficient in various algebra skill areas, by selected student and school characteristics: 2009. . . . 7
Average PISA mathematics and science literacy scores of 15-year-old students, by country: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Advanced mathematics and science credits earned by high school graduates, by student and school
characteristics: Selected years, 19902009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
High school graduates completing advanced mathematics courses, by student and school characteristics
and subject: Selected years, 19902009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
High school graduates completing advanced science and engineering courses, by student and school
characteristics and subject: Selected years, 19902009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers, by minority enrollment and school
poverty level: Academic year 200708. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Highest degree attainment of public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers,
by minority enrollment and school poverty level: Academic years 200304 and 200708. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Certification of public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers, by minority enrollment,
school poverty level, and type of certification: Academic years 200304 and 200708 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers who entered teaching through an alternative
certification program, by minority enrollment and school poverty level: Academic year 200708 . . . . . . . . . . 16
Participation in practice teaching by new public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers,
by preparation for first-year teaching activities: Academic year 200708 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Duration of practice teaching by new public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers,
Pathway to teaching for public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers, by participation
in practice teaching: Academic year 200708 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Preparedness for first-year teaching tasks of new public middle and high school mathematics and science
teachers, by minority enrollment, school poverty level, and teaching tasks: Academic years 200304 and
200708. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Years of teaching experience of public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers,
Preparation of public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers for teaching in their field,
Participation in induction program during first year of teaching among new public middle and high school
mathematics and science teachers, by minority enrollment and school poverty level: Academic years
200304 and 200708 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Support received by new public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers during
their first year teaching, by support type: Academic year 200708 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Participation in and duration of professional development on various topics by public middle and
high school mathematics and science teachers during the past 12 months, by minority enrollment
and school poverty level: Academic year 200708 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Topics rated as top priority for additional professional development by public middle and high school
mathematics and science teachers, by minority enrollment and school poverty level: Academic year
200708. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
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Average salaries of public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers and percentage who were
satisfied with their salaries, by minority enrollment and school poverty level: Academic year 200708 . . . . . . 29
Perceptions of working conditions of public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers,
Current occupational status of former public school mathematics and science teachers:
Academic year 200809 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Serious student problems reported by public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers,
High school graduates enrolled in college in October after completing high school, by demographic
characteristics and institution type: 19752009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
First-time entry rates into university-level education in OECD countries, by sex: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Chapter 2. Higher Education in Science and Engineering

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S&E degrees awarded, by degree level, Carnegie institution type, and field: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Degrees awarded by private for-profit academic institutions, by broad field and degree level: 200009 . . . . . . 38
Degrees awarded by private for-profit academic institutions, by field and degree level: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Undergraduate students in postsecondary institutions taking distance education courses,
by control and level of institution: 200708 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Full-time S&E graduate students, by field and mechanism of primary support: 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Full-time S&E graduate students primarily supported by federal government,
by field and mechanism of primary support: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Full-time S&E graduate students primarily supported by federal government, by field and agency: 2009. . . . . 44
Primary support mechanisms for S&E doctorate recipients, by citizenship, sex, and race/ethnicity: 2009. . . . . 46
Amount of undergraduate and graduate debt of S&E doctorate recipients, by field: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Enrollment in higher education, by Carnegie institution type: 19942009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Projections of U.S. population ages 2024 years, by sex and race/ethnicity: 201050 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Freshmen intending S&E major, by field, sex, and race/ethnicity: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Freshmen intending to major in selected S&E fields, by sex and race/ethnicity: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Foreign undergraduate student enrollment in U.S. universities, by field and selected places of origin:
November 2009 and 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Undergraduate enrollment in engineering and engineering technology programs: 19952009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Earned associates degrees, by sex and field: 200009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Earned associates degrees, by citizenship, field, and race/ethnicity: 200009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Earned bachelors degrees, by sex and field: 200009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Earned bachelors degrees, by citizenship, field, and race/ethnicity: 200009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
S&E graduate enrollment, by sex and field: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
S&E graduate enrollment, by citizenship, field, and race/ethnicity: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Engineering enrollment, by enrollment level and attendance: 19892009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
First-time full-time S&E graduate students, by citizenship and field: 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Foreign graduate student enrollment in U.S. universities, by field and selected places of origin:
November 2009 and 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Earned masters degrees, by sex and field: 200009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Earned masters degrees, by citizenship, field, and race/ethnicity: 200009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Earned doctoral degrees, by citizenship, field, and sex: 200009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Earned doctoral degrees, by citizenship, field, and race/ethnicity: 200009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Median number of years from S&E doctorate recipients entry to graduate school to receipt of doctorate,
by field: 19792009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Expenditures on tertiary education as a percentage of GDP and change in expenditures:
1995, 2000, and 2007 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Tertiary-type A, advanced research programs, and tertiary education, by age group and country: 2008 . . . . . 115
First university degrees, by selected region and country/economy: 2008 or most recent year . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
S&E first university degrees, by selected Western or Asian country/economy and field: 200008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
First university degrees, by field, sex, and region/country/economy: 2008 or most recent year . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Earned S&E doctoral degrees, by selected region/country/economy and field: 2008 or most recent year . . . . . . 127
Earned S&E doctoral degrees, by sex, selected region/country/economy, and field:
2008 or most recent year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
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S&E doctoral degrees in the United States and selected European countries, by field: 200008 . . . . . . . . . . . 132
S&E doctoral degrees, by selected Asian country/economy and field: 19942008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Trends in population ages 2024 years, by selected country and region: 200050 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Foreign S&E student enrollment in UK universities, by enrollment level, place of origin, and field:
Academic years 199899 and 200809 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Foreign S&E student enrollment in Japanese universities, by enrollment level, place of origin, and field:
2004 and 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
S&E student enrollment in Canadian universities, by enrollment level, top place of origin, and field:
1999 and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Chapter 3. Science and Engineering Labor Force

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Bureau of Labor Statistics projections of occupational employment: 200818 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Scientists and engineers, by occupation and degree field: 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Occupation of employed S&E degree holders: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Employment and wages, by broad occupational category, state, and selected metropolitan
statistical areas (May 2010) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Employment sector of S&E highest degree holders and S&E doctorate holders: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
Primary reason for scientists and engineers to participate in work-related training,
by labor force status: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Scientists and engineers participating in work-related training, by employment status,
highest degree level, and sex: 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Alternate rates of labor underutilization for S&E, STEM, and all occupations:
March 2008September 2011 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Workers in S&E occupations, by sex and occupation: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Race/ethnicity of individuals in S&E occupations, by sex and broad occupation: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Employed S&E highest degree holders, by sex and field of degree: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Employed S&E highest degree holders, by sex, race/ethnicity, degree level, field of highest degree,
and broad occupation category: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
S&E workers, by race/ethnicity and occupation: 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Employed S&E highest degree holders, by race/ethnicity and field of degree: 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Estimate and median salary of full-time workers with highest degree in S&E field,
by sex and occupation: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Median salary among full-time workers with highest degree in S&E field,
by race/ethnicity and occupation: 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Full-time S&E workers who are foreign-born, by occupation and highest degree level: 2003 and 2008 . . . . . 196
Place of birth and proportion with U.S. highest degrees of non-U.S.-born S&E highest degree holders:
2003 and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Occupations of new H-1B visa recipients: FY 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Plans of foreign recipients of U.S. S&E doctorates to stay in the United States,
by field and place of origin: 19982009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
Employed S&E highest degree holders, by degree level and age category: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
R&D personnel in selected regions/countries: 19952009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Researchers as a share of total employment in regions/countries/economies with 25,000 or more
researchers in 2009: 1995, 2003, 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Worldwide, domestic, and foreign R&D employment, by selected characteristics: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
S&E workforce international interaction, by employment and respondent characteristic: 2006 . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
Chapter 4. Research and Development: National Trends and International Comparisons

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Gross domestic product and implicit price deflators: 19532010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Purchasing power parity, market exchange rate, ratio of market exchange rate to purchasing power parity,
for selected countries: 19812009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
U.S. research and development expenditures, by performing sector and source of funds: 19532009 . . . . . . . 221
U.S. basic research expenditures, by performing sector and source of funds: 19532009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
U.S. applied research expenditures, by performing sector and source of funds: 19532009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
U.S. development expenditures, by performing sector and source of funds: 19532009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
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U.S. research and development expenditures, by source of funds and performing sector: 19532009 . . . . . . . 237
U.S. basic research expenditures, by source of funds and performing sector: 19532009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
U.S. applied research expenditures, by source of funds and performing sectors: 19532009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
U.S. development expenditures, by source of funds and performing sector: 19532009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
U.S. R&D expenditures, by state, performing sector, and funding sector: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
U.S. R&D and gross domestic product, by state: 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Worldwide R&D expense for R&D performed by the company, by industry and company size: 2008 . . . . . . 257
Domestic and foreign R&D performed by the company, by industry and company size: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Sources of funds for domestic R&D performed by the company, by industry and company size: 2008 . . . . . . 262
Domestic sales, domestic R&D performed and paid for by the company, and R&D intensity,
by industry and company size: 2008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Worldwide R&D expense and domestic R&D performance paid for by the company and by others,
by business activity: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
R&D expenditures by majority-owned affiliates of foreign companies in United States,
by region/country/economy of ultimate beneficial owner: 19972008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
R&D performed by majority-owned affiliates of foreign companies in United States,
by NAICS industry of affiliate: 19972001 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
by NAICS industry of affiliate: 200206 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
by NAICS industry of affiliate: 200708 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
R&D performed abroad by majority-owned foreign affiliates of U.S. parent companies,
by region/country/economy: 19972008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
by selected NAICS industry of affiliate: 19992003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
by selected NAICS industry of affiliate: 200408 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
R&D performed in United States by U.S. multinational company parent companies,
by NAICS industry: 19992003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
R&D performed in United States by U.S. multinational company parent companies,
by NAICS industry: 200408 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
U.S. trade in research, development, and testing services, by affiliation and by selected region/country/
economy: 200609 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Federal budget authority for R&D, by budget function: FY 19802010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Federal budget authority for basic research, by budget function: FY 19802010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Federal obligations for research and development, by character of work and R&D plant: FY 19532009. . . . 297
Estimated federal obligations for R&D and R&D plant, by selected agency, performer,
and character of work: FY 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Discrepancy between federal R&D support, as reported by performers and federal agencies: 19852009. . . . 303
Federally funded research and development centers, R&D expenditures: FY 2008 and FY 2009 . . . . . . . . . . 304
Federal obligations for research, by agency and S&E field: FY 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
Federal obligations for research, by detailed S&E field: Selected years, FY 19892009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Federal research and experimentation tax credit claims, by NAICS industry: 19982008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
Corporate tax returns claiming the federal research and experimentation tax credit,
by NAICS industry: 19982008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Federal technology transfer activity indicators, U.S. agencies with federal labs: FY 200109. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
SBIR and STTR awards, by type of award: FY 19832008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
SBIR award funding, by type of award and federal agency: FY 19832008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Small Business Technology Transfer Program award funding, by type of award and federal agency:
FY 19942008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Technology Innovation Program summary data: FY 200810. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321
Gross expenditures for R&D and expenditures for R&D as share of gross domestic product,
for selected countries: 19812009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Gross expenditures on R&D, by performing and funding sectors, for selected countries: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Government budget appropriations or outlays for R&D, by socioeconomic objectives,
selected countries: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
Share of business expenditures for R&D, by industry and selected country/economy: 200710 . . . . . . . . . . . 327
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Chapter 5. Academic Research and Development

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R&D expenditures at academic institutions and academic share of U.S. total R&D performance,
distributed by character of work: 19702009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Academic R&D expenditures, by source of funding: 19722009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Federal obligations for academic R&D, by agency: 19702009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Federal obligations for academic R&D, by character of work: 200709 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
R&D expenditures at academic institutions, by S&E field and source of funds: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
R&D expenditures at academic institutions, by S&E field: Selected years, 19752009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339
Federally financed R&D expenditures at academic institutions, by S&E field and agency: FY 2009. . . . . . . . 342
Academic R&D funds provided by federal government, by S&E field: Selected years, 19752009 . . . . . . . . 344
Sources of R&D funds at private and public academic institutions: 1989, 1999, and 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Top 100 academic institutions in S&E R&D expenditures, by source of funds: 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
Top 50 academic institutions in non-S&E R&D expenditures, by non-S&E field: 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
Expenditures for academic R&D passed through to and received by subrecipients: FY 200009 . . . . . . . . . . 351
S&E research space in academic institutions, by field: FY 19882009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Current expenditures for research equipment at academic institutions, by S&E field:
Selected years, 19852009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Federal share of current funding for research equipment at academic institutions, by S&E field:
Selected years, 19852009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
SEH doctorate holders employed in academia, by type of position and degree field: 19732008. . . . . . . . . . . 357
SEH doctorate holders employed in academia, by type of position, sex, and degree field: 19732008 . . . . . . 359
SEH doctorate holders employed in academia, by type of position, degree field, and race/ethnicity:
19732008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
SEH doctorate holders employed in academia, by type of position, degree field, and citizenship: 2008 . . . . . 367
SEH doctorate holders employed in academia, by research priority, type of position, and degree field:
19732008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Early career SEH doctorate holders employed in academia, by Carnegie institution type,
years since doctorate, and type of position: 19732008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Academic SEH doctorate holders with federal support, by degree field, research activity,
and type of position: 19732008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
SEH doctorate holders and full-time faculty with federal support, by degree field and Carnegie
classification of employer: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
SEH doctorate holders employed in academia with federal support, by degree field,
years since doctorate, and type of position: 19732008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
Regions and countries/economies in S&E publications data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Fields and subfields of S&E publications data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 380
S&E articles in all fields, by region/country/economy: 19952009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
S&E articles in agricultural sciences, by region/country/economy: 19952009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
S&E articles in astronomy, by region/country/economy: 19952009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
S&E articles in biological sciences, by region/country/economy: 19952009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
S&E articles in chemistry, by region/country/economy: 19952009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
S&E articles in computer sciences, by region/country/economy: 19952009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
S&E articles in engineering, by region/country/economy: 19952009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
S&E articles in geosciences, by region/country/economy: 19952009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416
S&E articles in mathematics, by region/country/economy: 19952009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
S&E articles in medical sciences, by region/country/economy: 19952009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
S&E articles in other life sciences, by region/country/economy: 19952009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
S&E articles in physics, by region/country/economy: 19952009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
S&E articles in psychology, by region/country/economy: 19952009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
S&E articles in social sciences, by region/country/economy: 19952009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 446
Internationally coauthored S&E articles, by selected country/economy pairs: 1995 and 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 451
Indexes of internationally coauthored S&E articles, by selected country/economy pairs: 1995 and 2010 . . . . 457
U.S. S&E articles, by field and sector: 19952010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
S&E articles, by field, citation percentile, and region/country/economy of institutional author:
2000 and 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Share of all S&E articles and top 1% of cited articles and index of highly cited articles, by field and selected
region/country/economy: 2000 and 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
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U.S. utility patent awards, by selected characteristics of patent owner: 19982010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
U.S. university patents awarded, by technology area: 19902010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Academic patenting and licensing activities: 19992009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
U.S. utility patents citing S&E literature, by patent assignee sector, article author sector,
and patent issue year: 19982010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Citation of S&E articles in USPTO patents, by cited field and cited country/sector: 19982010 . . . . . . . . . . . 478
Chapter 6. Industry, Technology, and the Global Marketplace

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Value added of knowledge- and technology-intensive industries, by region/country/economy:

19902010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 481
Nominal GDP, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
Value added of commercial knowledge-intensive services, by region/country/economy: 19902010 . . . . . . . 487
Value added of education services, by region/country/economy: 19902010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Value added of health and social services, by region/country/economy: 19902010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
Value added of business services, by region/country/economy: 19902010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Value added of computer programming and related services, by region/country/economy: 19902010 . . . . . 503
Value added of R&D services, by region/country/economy: 19902010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
Value added of financial services, by region/country/economy: 19902010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511
Value added of communications services, by region/country/economy: 19902010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
Value added of high-technology manufacturing industries, by region/country/economy: 19902010 . . . . . . . 519
Value added of all manufacturing industries, by region/country/economy: 19902010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
Value added of ICT industries, by region/country/economy: 19902010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
Real GDP per employed person, by region/country/economy: 19902009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531
Real GDP per capita, by region/country/economy: 19902009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 534
Value added of pharmaceuticals, by region/country/economy: 19902010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 537
Value added of semiconductors, by region/country/economy: 19902010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541
Value added of medical, precision, and optical equipment, by region/country/economy: 19902010 . . . . . . . 545
Value added of medical and measuring equipment, by region/country/economy: 19902010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 549
Value added of communications equipment, by region/country/economy: 19902010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 553
Value added of aircraft and spacecraft, by region/country/economy: 19902010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557
Value added of computers and office machinery, by region/country/economy: 19902010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 561
Regions and countries/economies in world industry data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565
Exports and imports of high-technology goods, by region/country/economy: Selected years, 19952010. . . . 566
Exports and imports of all manufactured goods, by region/country/economy: Selected years, 19952010 . . . 570
Exports and imports of communications goods, by region/country/economy: Selected years, 19952010. . . . 574
Exports and imports of semiconductor goods, by region/country/economy: Selected years, 19952010 . . . . . 578
Exports and imports of computer and office machinery goods, by region/country/economy:
Selected years, 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
Exports and imports of scientific instruments and measuring equipment goods,
by region/country/economy: Selected years, 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
Exports and imports of pharmaceutical goods, by region/country/economy: Selected years, 19952010. . . . . 590
Exports and imports of aerospace goods, by region/country/economy: Selected years, 19952010 . . . . . . . . . 594
Regions and countries/economies in world trade data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
Trade in communications and computer and office machinery goods,
by selected region/country/economy of destination and origin: Selected years, 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Trade in semiconductors, by selected region/country of destination and origin:
Selected years, 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
Trade in aerospace goods, by selected region/country of destination and origin:
Selected years, 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 615
Trade in pharmaceuticals, by selected region/country of destination and origin:
Selected years, 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623
U.S. trade in advanced-technology products, by region/country/economy: 200010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631
U.S. trade in information and communications products, by region/country/economy: 200010 . . . . . . . . . . . 636
U.S. trade in aerospace products, by region/country/economy: 200010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641
U.S. trade in electronics products, by region/country/economy: 200010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 646
U.S. trade in life-sciences products, by region/country/economy: 200010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 651
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U.S. trade in optoelectronics products, by region/country/economy: 200010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

U.S. trade in advanced materials, by region/country/economy: 200010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
Companies in the United States reporting innovation activities, by industry: 200608. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 666
USPTO patent grants, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667
U.S. patent applications and grants, by industry: 2009. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 668
USPTO patents granted in information and communications technology,
USPTO patents granted in networking technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
USPTO patents granted in information processes technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . 672
USPTO patents granted in telecommunications technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . 673
USPTO patents granted in automation and control technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . 674
USPTO patents granted in medical electronics technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . 675
USPTO patents granted in semiconductor technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010. . . . . . . . . . . 676
USPTO patents granted in optics technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
USPTO patents granted in measuring techniques and instrumentation technology,
USPTO patents granted in pharmaceuticals technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . 679
USPTO patents granted in materials technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 680
USPTO patents granted in aerospace and defense technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010. . . . . 681
USPTO patents granted in computer systems technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . 682
USPTO patents granted in biotechnology, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 683
USPTO patents granted in medical equipment technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . 684
Regions and countries/economies in USPTO patent data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 685
Triadic patent families, by region/country/economy: 19992008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 686
USPTO trademark applications, by region/country/economy: 19982008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 688
U.S. venture capital investment, by financing stage and industry/technology: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690
USPTO patents granted in clean energy and pollution control technologies,
USPTO patents granted in alternative energy, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694
USPTO patents granted in energy storage, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 695
USPTO patents granted in smart grid technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 696
USPTO patents granted in pollution mitigation, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697
USPTO patents granted in fuel cells, by region/country/economy: 19952010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698
USPTO patents granted in nuclear energy, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 699
USPTO patents granted in air pollution control, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700
USPTO patents granted in water pollution control, by region/country/economy: 19952010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 701
USPTO patents granted in recycling, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 702
USPTO patents granted in bioenergy, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703
USPTO patents granted in solar energy, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 704
USPTO patents granted in hybrid and electric vehicles, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . 705
USPTO patents granted in wind energy, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 706
USPTO patents granted in battery technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707
USPTO patents granted in hydrogen production and storage, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . 708
USPTO patents granted in cleaner coal technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
USPTO patents granted in capture and storage of carbon and other greenhouse gases,
USPTO patents granted in solid waste control, by region/country/economy: 19952010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 711
Chapter 7. Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding

7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
7-6
7-7
Primary source of information about current news events, by respondent characteristic: 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . 712
Primary source of information about science and technology, by respondent characteristic: 2010 . . . . . . . . . . 713
Primary source of information about specific scientific issues, by respondent characteristic: 2010 . . . . . . . . . 714
Public interest in selected issues: 19812010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715
Public interest in selected issues, by respondent characteristic: 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 717
Visitors to informal science and other cultural institutions: 19812008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719
Visitors to informal science and other cultural institutions, by respondent characteristic: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . 720
ix
7-8
7-9
7-10
7-11
7-12
7-13
7-14
7-15
7-16
7-17
7-18
7-19
7-20
7-21
7-22
7-23
7-24
7-25
7-26
7-27
7-28
7-29
7-30
7-31
7-32
7-33
7-34
7-35
7-36
7-37
7-38
Correct answers to trend factual knowledge of science questions, by respondent characteristic:

19922010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
Correct answers to factual knowledge questions in physical and biological sciences: 19852010 . . . . . . . . . . 722
Correct answers to factual knowledge questions in physical and biological sciences, by respondent
characteristic: 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
Correct answers to nanotechnology questions, by respondent characteristic: 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726
Correct answers to polar questions, by respondent characteristic: 2006 and 2010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727
Correct answers to scientific process questions: 19902010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 728
Correct answers to scientific process questions, by respondent characteristic: 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729
Correct answers to questions about charts and statistics, reasoning/life sciences, and understanding of
experiment/controlling variables, by respondent characteristic: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 730
Comparison of correct answers given by adults and students to scientific process questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 733
New science knowledge questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 734
Correct answers to scientific terms and concept questions in factual knowledge of science, scale 2,
by respondent characteristic: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 737
Public assessment of astrology, by respondent characteristic: 19792010. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740
Public assessment of benefits and harms of scientific research, by respondent characteristic: 2010. . . . . . . . . 743
Public assessment of whether science and technology result in more opportunities for next generation,
Public assessment of whether science makes life change too fast, by respondent characteristic: 2010 . . . . . . . 745
Attitudes toward science and technology, by region/country: Most recent year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 746
Public opinion on whether federal government should fund basic scientific research: 19852010. . . . . . . . . . 749
Public opinion on whether federal government should fund basic research,
Public assessment of federal government spending, by policy area: 19812010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 751
Public confidence in institutional leaders: 19732010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 754
Public preferences about various groups influence on decisions about public issues: 2006 and 2010 . . . . . . . 755
Public perceptions of various groups understanding of public issues: 2006 and 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756
Public perceptions of various groups impartiality in making policy recommendations
about public issues: 2006 and 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757
Public perceptions of scientific consensus on public issues: 2006 and 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758
Awareness, knowledge, and attitudes about stem cell research in the United States, Europe, Japan,
and Israel: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 759
Familiarity with nanotechnology, by respondent characteristic: 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
Public assessment of benefits and harms of nanotechnology, by respondent characteristic: 2010 . . . . . . . . . . 761
Public attitudes toward conducting human health research that may inflict pain or injury to animals:
19882008. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762
Public attitudes toward conducting human health research that may inflict pain or injury to animals,
Public assessment of whether the quality of science and mathematics education in American schools is
inadequate: 19852008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764
Public assessment of whether the quality of science and mathematics education in American schools is
inadequate, by respondent characteristic: 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765
Chapter 8. State Indicators

8-1
8-2
8-3
8-4
8-5
Average mathematics NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 white students
in public schools, by state: 2000 and 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 766
Average science NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 white students
in public schools, by state: 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 768
Average mathematics NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 black students
Average science NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 black students
Average mathematics NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 Hispanic
students in public schools, by state: 2000 and 2009 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774
8-6
8-7
8-8
8-9
8-10
8-11
8-12
8-13
8-14
Average science NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 Hispanic students
Average mathematics NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 Asian students
Average science NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 Asian students
Average mathematics NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 female students
Average science NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 female students
Average mathematics NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 male students
Average science NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 male students
Coefficient of variation for estimates of employed S&E doctorate holders, by state: 1997, 2003,
and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790
Coefficient of variation for estimates of science and engineering doctorate holders in academia,
by state: 1997, 2003, and 2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792
xi
Appendix table 1-1

Average NAEP mathematics scores of students in grades 4, 8, and 12, by student and school characteristics: 19902009
Grade/student and school characteristic
1990
213
1992
220
1996
224
2000
226
2003
235
2005
238
2007
240
2009
240
214
213
221
219
224
223
227
224
236
233
239
237
241
239
241
239
220
188
200
225
S
227
193
202
231
S
232
198
207
229
217
234
203
208
S
208
243
216
222
246
223
246
220
226
251
226
248
222
227
253
228
248
222
227
255
225
Free/reduced-price luncha
Eligible
Not eligible
NA
NA
NA
NA
207
232
208
235
222
244
225
248
227
249
227
250
English language learner (ELL) statusb

ELL
Not ELL
NA
NA
NA
NA
201
225
199
227
214
237
216
240
217
242
218
242
Student disability statusb

Has a disability
Does not have a disability
NA
NA
NA
NA
204
225
198
228
214
237
219
240
220
242
221
242
171
193
214
235
253
177
199
221
242
259
182
203
225
245
262
184
205
227
248
265
197
216
236
255
270
200
220
239
258
273
202
222
242
260
275
202
221
241
260
275
212
NA
NA
224
219
NA
NA
228
222
NA
NA
235
224
NA
NA
238
234
228
234
244
237
232
237
S
239
234
239
246
239
231
239
246
263
268
270
273
278
279
281
283
263
262
268
269
271
269
274
272
278
277
280
278
282
280
284
282
270
237
246
275
S
277
237
249
290
S
281
240
251
S
S
284
244
253
288
259
288
252
259
291
263
289
255
262
295
264
291
260
265
297
264
293
261
266
301
266
Eligible
Not eligible
NA
NA
NA
NA
250
277
253
283
259
287
262
288
265
291
266
294

ELL
Not ELL
NA
NA
NA
NA
226
272
234
274
242
279
244
281
246
283
243
285

Has a disability
NA
NA
NA
NA
231
273
230
276
242
282
245
283
246
285
249
287
Score at percentilec
10th
25th
50th
75th
90th
215
239
264
288
307
221
243
269
294
315
221
245
273
297
316
223
249
275
300
320
230
254
279
303
323
231
255
280
304
324
235
258
283
306
327
236
259
284
308
329
All grade 4 students

Sex
Male
Female
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic
Black, non-Hispanic
Hispanic
Asian/Pacific Islander
American Indian/Alaska Native
10th
25th
50th
75th
90th
School type
Public
Charter school
Noncharter school
Private
Sex
Male
Female
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic
Black, non-Hispanic
Hispanic
Appendix table 1-1

Average NAEP mathematics scores of students in grades 4, 8, and 12, by student and school characteristics: 19902009
1990
1992
1996
2000
2003
2005
2007
2009
262
NA
NA
271
267
NA
NA
281
269
NA
NA
285
272
NA
NA
286
276
NA
NA
292
278
268
278
S
280
273
280
293
282
275
282
296
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
150
NA
153
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
151
149
NA
NA
155
152
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
157
127
133
163
134
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
161
131
138
175
144
Eligible
Not eligible
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
132
155
NA
NA
137
160

ELL
Not ELL
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
120
151
NA
NA
117
154

Has a disability
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
114
153
NA
NA
120
156
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
105
127
151
174
194
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
110
130
154
177
197
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
149
NA
NA
164
NA
NA
NA
NA
152
138
154
NA
School type
Public
Charter school
Noncharter school
Private
Sex
Male
Female
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic
Black, non-Hispanic
Hispanic
10th
25th
50th
75th
90th
School type
Public
Charter school
Noncharter school
Privated
NA = not available; S = suppressed (unreliable estimate)
NAEP = National Assessment of Educational Progress
aStudents' eligibility
for free/reduced-price lunch is a measure of family poverty.

on, students with a disability and English language learners were allowed to use testing accommodations (e.g., extended time, one-on-one testing,
bilingual dictionary). Variations in exclusion and accommodation rates due to differences in policies and practices for identifying and including students with
disabilities and English language learners should be considered when comparing these students performance over time. More information about inclusion and
accommodation rates for these students is available at http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/about/inclusion.asp.
cScores for percentile rows are not averages, but the actual scores that mark each percentile listed. For example, score for the 10th percentile indicates that
10% of students perform below this score.
dResults for private school students in grade 12 in 2009 cannot be reported separately due to low school participation rate.
bFrom 1996
NOTES: NAEP mathematics assessment scores range from 0 to 500 for grades 4 and 8 and from 0 to 300 for grade 12. From 1996 on, data shown here are for
students allowed to use testing accommodations. Grade 12 mathematics trend data are presented for 2005 and 2009 only because the mathematics framework
was revised in 2005, making prior assessment results not comparable with those in or after 2005. Mathematics assessment was not conducted in 2007 for
grade 12.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations (2010) of NAEP 1990, 1992, 1996, 2000,
2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009 mathematics assessments, National Center for Education Statistics.
Science and Engineering Indicators 2012
Appendix table 1-2

Students in grades 4, 8, and 12 scoring at or above NAEP's proficient level in mathematics for their grade, by student and school
characteristics: 19902009
(Percent)
1990
12.7
1992
17.9
1996
20.8
2000
23.8
2003
32.5
2005
36.3
2007
39.4
2009
39.1
13.2
12.2
19.5
16.2
21.5
20.0
25.9
21.6
34.9
29.9
38.4
34.2
41.5
37.3
40.9
37.2
15.9
1.1
4.8
22.4
S
22.4
2.5
5.6
27.7
S
27.0
3.1
7.2
27.2
10.1
31.3
4.7
7.2
S
8.2
42.9
9.9
15.6
48.3
16.8
47.2
12.8
19.5
54.6
20.9
50.9
15.4
22.0
58.4
24.8
50.7
15.9
21.6
60.3
21.2
Eligible
Not eligible
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.5
27.5
7.6
32.0
15.2
44.7
19.1
49.4
21.5
52.8
21.7
53.9

ELL
Not ELL
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.2
21.6
3.8
25.0
9.3
34.7
11.4
38.7
12.9
42.2
12.0
41.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
5.1
22.1
6.4
25.5
12.6
34.8
16.0
38.8
19.3
41.8
19.1
41.6
11.8
NA
NA
20.1
17.3
NA
NA
22.5
19.4
NA
NA
31.5
22.5
NA
NA
35.2
31.2
25.3
31.0
44.4
35.3
29.1
35.0
S
38.6
31.9
39.0
47.9
38.4
28.3
39.0
47.2
15.3
20.9
23.3
25.7
28.8
29.8
32.2
33.9
16.8
13.7
21.3
20.6
24.7
21.8
27.4
23.9
30.3
27.1
31.1
28.4
34.2
30.2
35.6
32.1
18.2
4.7
7.0
28.9
S
26.0
2.5
6.8
43.3
S
30.2
3.8
7.8
S
S
33.8
5.2
8.4
40.6
9.8
37.5
7.3
11.7
43.0
14.6
38.6
8.7
13.4
47.3
13.9
41.8
11.0
15.4
49.6
16.3
43.6
12.3
17.2
53.8
18.2
Eligible
Not eligible
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.5
28.3
9.4
33.7
12.1
37.2
13.4
38.8
15.4
42.1
16.7
44.8

ELL
Not ELL
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.5
23.8
2.0
26.4
4.7
30.0
5.9
31.1
7.0
33.7
5.0
35.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.6
24.8
4.1
27.3
6.2
31.4
7.2
32.2
8.1
34.5
9.2
36.5
15.1
NA
NA
S
19.7
NA
NA
30.9
22.1
NA
NA
33.8
24.7
NA
NA
36.0
27.3
NA
NA
42.7
28.5
20.8
29.0
S
31.0
25.3
31.0
44.7
32.6
26.2
33.0
47.4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
23.0
NA
25.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
25.1
21.1
NA
NA
28.3
23.5

Sex
Male
Female
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic
Black, non-Hispanic
Hispanic

Has a disability
School type
Public
Charter school
Noncharter school
Private
Sex
Male
Female
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic
Black, non-Hispanic
Hispanic

Has a disability
School type
Public
Charter school
Noncharter school
Private
Sex
Male
Female
Appendix table 1-2

Students in grades 4, 8, and 12 scoring at or above NAEP's proficient level in mathematics for their grade, by student and school
characteristics: 19902009
(Percent)
1990
1992
1996
2000
2003
2005
2007
2009
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic
Black, non-Hispanic
Hispanic
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
28.9
5.6
8.1
36.0
6.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
32.7
6.2
11.0
51.8
11.6
Eligible
Not eligible
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.7
26.7
NA
NA
10.2
31.9

ELL
Not ELL
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.1
23.8
NA
NA
4.0
26.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
4.5
24.4
NA
NA
6.6
27.5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
21.5
NA
NA
36.7
NA
NA
NA
NA
24.8
11.7
26.2
NA

Has a disability
School type
Public
Charter school
Noncharter school
Privatec
S = suppressed (unreliable estimate); NA = not available
aStudents' eligibility
for free/reduced-price lunch is a measure of family poverty.

1996 on, students with a disability and English language learners were allowed to use testing accommodations (e.g., extended time, one-on-one
testing, bilingual dictionary). Variations in exclusion and accommodation rates due to differences in policies and practices for identifying and including
students with disabilities and English language learners should be considered when comparing these students performance over time. More information
about inclusion and accommodation rates for these students is available at http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/about/inclusion.asp.
cResults for private school students in grade 12 in 2009 cannot be reported separately due to low school participation rate.
bFrom
NOTES: From 1996 on, data shown here are for students allowed to use testing accommodations. Grade 12 mathematics trend data are presented for
2005 and 2009 only because the mathematics framework was revised in 2005, making prior assessment results not comparable with those in or after
2005. Mathematics assessment was not conducted in 2007 for grade 12.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations (2010) of NAEP 1990, 1992, 1996,
2000, 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009 mathematics assessments, National Center for Education Statistics.
Appendix table 1-3

Average NAEP science scores of students in grades 4, 8, and 12, by student and
school characteristics: 2009
Student and school characteristic
All students
Sex
Male
Female
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic
Black, non-Hispanic
Hispanic
Free/reduced-price lunch
Eligible
Not eligible
English language learner (ELL) status
ELL
Not ELL
Student disability status
Has a disability
School type
Public
Grade 4
150
Grade 8
150
Grade 12
150
151
149
152
148
153
147
163
127
131
160
135
162
126
132
160
137
159
125
134
164
144
134
163
133
161
132
157
114
154
103
153
104
151
129
153
123
153
121
153
149
163
149
164
149
NA
Privatea
NA = not available
aResults for private school students in grade 12 in 2009 cannot be reported separately due to
low school participation rate.
NOTE: NAEP science assessment scores range from 0 to 300 for each grade.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering
Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of NAEP 2009 science assessment, National Center for
Education Statistics.
Appendix table 1-4

Students in grades 4, 8, and 12 scoring at or above NAEP's proficient level in
science, by student and school characteristics: 2009
(Percent)
Student and school characteristic
All students
Sex
Male
Female
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic
Black, non-Hispanic
Hispanic
Free/reduced-price lunch
Eligible
Not eligible
English language learner (ELL) status
ELL
Not ELL
Student disability status
Has a disability
School type
Public
Privatea
Grade 4
33.7
Grade 8
30.3
Grade 12
20.9
35.0
32.5
33.6
26.9
24.2
17.6
47.1
10.6
13.8
44.6
17.4
41.6
8.3
12.3
40.6
17.1
27.0
4.4
8.3
36.2
13.1
16.1
48.0
13.8
40.7
8.2
25.9
5.1
36.6
2.4
31.8
1.2
21.5
16.5
35.9
11.2
32.6
5.6
22.3
32.4
48.2
29.0
43.5
20.1
NA
NA = not available
aResults for private school students in grade 12 in 2009 cannot be reported separately due to
low school participation rate.
Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of NAEP 2009 science assessment, National Center for
Education Statistics.
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Appendix table 1-6

Average PISA mathematics and science literacy scores of 15-year-old students, by country: 2009
Country
United States
Scores higher than U.S.
Shanghai-China
Singapore
Hong Kong SARa
Republic of Korea
Chinese Taipei
Finland
Liechtenstein
Switzerland
Japan
Canada
Netherlands
Macao-China
New Zealand
Belgium
Australia
Germany
Estonia
Iceland
Denmark
Slovenia
Norway
France
Slovak Republic
Score not statistically different from U.S.
Austria
Poland
Sweden
Czech Republic
United Kingdom
Hungary
Luxembourg
Ireland
Portugal
Italy
Spain
Latvia
Score lower than U.S.
Lithuania
Russian Federation
Greece
Croatia
Dubai-UAEb
Israel
Turkey
Serbia, Republic of
Azerbaijan
Bulgaria
Romania
Uruguay
Chile
Mexico
Thailand
Average mathematics
literacy score
487
600
562
555
546
543
541
536
534
529
527
526
525
519
515
514
513
512
507
503
501
498
497
497
496
495
494
493
492
490
489
487
487
483
483
482
477
468
466
460
453
447
445
442
431
428
427
427
421
419
419
Country
United States
Scores higher than U.S.
Shanghai-China
Finland
Hong Kong SARa
Singapore
Japan
Republic of Korea
New Zealand
Canada
Estonia
Australia
Netherlands
Chinese Taipei
Germany
Liechtenstein
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Slovenia
Macao-China
Score not statistically different from U.S.
Poland
Ireland
Belgium
Hungary
Czech Republic
Norway
Denmark
France
Iceland
Sweden
Austria
Latvia
Portugal
Score lower than U.S.
Lithuania
Slovak Republic
Italy
Spain
Croatia
Luxembourg
Russian Federation
Greece
Dubai-UAEb
Israel
Turkey
Chile
Serbia, Republic of
Bulgaria
Romania
Uruguay
Thailand
Mexico
Jordan
Average science
literacy score
502
575
554
549
542
539
538
532
529
528
527
522
520
520
520
517
514
512
511
508
508
507
503
500
500
499
498
496
495
494
494
493
491
490
489
488
486
484
478
470
466
455
454
447
443
439
428
427
425
416
415
Appendix table 1-6

Average PISA mathematics and science literacy scores of 15-year-old students, by country: 2009
Country
Trinidad and Tobago
Kazakhstan
Montenegro, Republic of
Argentina
Jordan
Brazil
Colombia
Albania
Indonesia
Tunisia
Qatar
Peru
Panama
Kyrgyz Republic
Average mathematics
literacy score
414
405
403
388
387
386
381
377
371
371
368
365
360
331
Country
Average science
literacy score
Trinidad and Tobago

Brazil
Colombia
Montenegro, Republic of
Argentina
Tunisia
Kazakhstan
Albania
Indonesia
Qatar
Panama
Azerbaijan
Peru
Kyrgyz Republic
410
405
402
401
401
401
400
391
383
379
376
373
369
330
PISA = Program for International Student Assessment; OECD = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
aHong Kong
bUAE
is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China.

refers to the United Arab Emirates.
NOTES: PISA mathematics and science literacy scores range from 0 to 1,000. Countries ordered by average score. Countries in shaded rows are
OECD countries.
SOURCE: Fleischman HL, Hopstock PJ, Pelczar MP, Shelley BE, Highlights From PISA 2009: Performance of U.S. 15-Year-Old Students in
Reading, Mathematics, and Science Literacy in an International Context, National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), NCES 2011-004
(2010).
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student and school characteristics: Selected years, 19902009
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Appendix table 1-10

Public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers, by minority enrollment and
school poverty level: Academic year 200708
(Number)
School characteristic
All public schools
Middle schools
Minority enrollment (%)
05
>545
>45
School poverty level (%)a
010
>1050
>50
High schools
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
aSchool poverty
All teachers
3,391,000
Mathematics teachers
280,000
Science teachers
211,000
622,000
99,000
65,000
55,000
277,000
291,000
8,000
41,000
50,000
7,000
30,000
28,000
75,000
314,000
229,000
11,000
48,000
40,000
9,000
32,000
23,000
994,000
137,000
118,000
133,000
456,000
405,000
17,000
61,000
59,000
15,000
56,000
47,000
169,000
578,000
220,000
23,000
81,000
30,000
21,000
69,000
26,000
level is percentage of students in school qualifying for free/reduced-price lunch.
NOTE: Data for minority enrollment and school poverty level may not add to total due to missing data.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations
(2011) of 200708 Schools and Staffing Survey, National Center for Education Statistics.
Appendix table 1-11

Highest degree attainment of public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers, by minority enrollment and school poverty level:
Academic years 200304 and 200708
(Percent distribution)
Academic year 200304
Master's or higher degree
Teaching field/school characteristic
Master's or higher degree
Total
Master's
degree
Higher than
master's
degreea
53.5
46.6
6.9
43.4
45.6
47.7
56.6
54.2
52.1
53.3
48.0
43.7
3.2
6.3
8.5
0.0
0.2
0.2
41.3
47.6
46.3
58.8
52.2
53.5
53.1
47.1
42.5
5.7
5.1
11.0
7.4
0.4
42.0
57.6
49.9
7.6
54.0
47.5
37.3
3.7
6.9
9.5
0.5
0.3
0.5
40.3
39.3
45.6
59.2
60.3
53.9
53.2
54.7
43.5
6.0
5.6
10.4
66.6
51.3
42.6
58.5
44.0
35.4
8.1
7.4
7.2
0.6
0.3
0.7
30.8
41.7
50.6
68.6
58.0
48.8
61.4
50.5
40.6
7.2
7.5
8.2
48.4
49.3
41.2
8.0
1.7
45.5
52.9
45.0
7.9
1.9
1.9
3.0
46.9
46.2
51.8
51.2
51.9
45.2
45.0
44.0
36.3
6.2
7.9
9.0
2.4
1.6
1.5
42.8
42.1
49.8
54.9
56.3
48.7
48.7
48.9
39.9
6.2
7.4
8.8
1.1
1.8
2.7
40.1
49.3
52.9
58.8
48.8
44.4
50.5
41.5
34.7
8.3
7.4
9.7
0.8
1.6
1.5
37.5
44.7
51.7
61.7
53.7
46.8
52.8
46.3
38.8
8.9
7.4
8.0
Higher than
master's
degreea
Less than
bachelor's
degree
Bachelor's
degree
Less than
bachelor's
degree
Bachelor's
degree
Total
Master's
degree
0.3
51.6
48.0
41.8
6.2
0.2
46.3
0.2
0.4
0.3
51.5
49.0
54.5
48.3
50.6
45.2
44.8
44.5
37.8
3.5
6.1
7.4
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.8
41.6
51.9
59.0
58.3
47.9
40.2
53.4
41.5
33.6
4.9
6.4
6.6
0.1
47.9
52.0
44.6
0.4
0.1
0.1
41.9
45.5
53.2
57.7
54.4
46.7
0.0
0.2
0.0
33.4
48.4
57.4
2.3
Mathematics
05
>545
>45
School poverty level (%)b
010
>1050
>50
Science
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Otherc
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
aIncludes education
specialist, certificate of advanced graduate studies, doctorate, or professional degree.

cOther teachers include those who teach any subject other than mathematics or science.
bSchool poverty
NOTE: Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of 200304 and 200708 Schools and Staffing
Survey, National Center for Education Statistics.
Appendix table 1-12

Certification of public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers, by minority enrollment, school poverty level, and type of certification: Academic years 200304
and 200708

Teaching field/school
characteristic
Regular/
advanced
85.1
Mathematics
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Science
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Otherb
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
aSchool poverty
bOther teachers
Probationary
Provisionary/
alternative
None
Regular/
advanced
Temporary
Emergency
3.8
6.7
2.4
0.6
Probationary
Temporary
Emergency
None
1.3
87.0
4.9
4.4
2.9
1.0
87.3
88.3
80.9
2.8
3.2
5.0
6.5
5.1
8.6
0.9
2.2
3.1
0.8
0.2
1.0
1.6
1.1
1.4
92.3
88.8
83.9
3.0
5.2
5.0
2.7
4.0
5.2
1.7
1.6
4.3
0.2
0.5
1.6
85.4
87.1
80.9
5.7
3.1
4.0
5.7
5.4
10.9
2.1
2.6
2.1
0.2
0.7
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.4
86.7
88.4
84.3
4.2
4.6
5.6
7.0
4.1
3.8
1.3
2.3
4.8
0.9
0.6
1.6
82.8
5.1
6.2
3.6
1.0
1.3
87.3
3.5
4.8
3.3
1.1
85.6
85.5
78.5
5.0
4.1
6.3
6.1
4.6
8.3
1.9
4.5
3.2
0.3
0.5
1.8
1.1
0.8
1.9
92.5
89.9
82.8
2.8
3.1
4.2
3.4
4.3
5.7
0.4
2.2
5.3
0.9
0.5
1.9
86.6
82.9
79.9
5.6
5.5
3.6
5.4
4.9
10.1
1.2
4.7
3.0
0.8
0.8
1.6
0.5
1.3
1.7
89.1
89.7
81.1
3.0
2.9
5.0
5.6
3.9
6.2
2.0
2.9
5.1
0.3
0.7
2.6
86.6
3.6
4.8
2.5
0.8
1.7
88.1
4.0
4.2
2.4
1.4
88.1
88.3
83.9
3.5
4.0
3.0
4.7
3.9
5.9
2.0
2.0
3.4
0.4
0.6
1.3
1.3
1.2
2.5
89.8
89.5
86.0
4.0
3.7
4.2
3.2
3.6
5.2
2.4
2.1
2.8
0.6
1.1
1.9
88.0
87.8
83.2
4.7
3.3
3.4
4.6
4.1
6.5
1.5
2.2
3.9
0.5
0.7
1.2
0.8
1.9
1.8
89.5
88.7
86.2
4.4
4.1
3.5
3.4
4.0
5.1
1.7
2.2
3.0
1.1
1.0
2.2

include those who teach any subject other than mathematics or science.
NOTES: In academic year 200708, there was no "provisionary or alternative certification" category. Percentages may not add to 100 because of rounding.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of 200304 and 200708 Schools and Staffing Survey, National Center for Education
Statistics.
Appendix table 1-13

Public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers who
entered teaching through an alternative certification program, by minority
enrollment and school poverty level: Academic year 200708
(Percent)
School characteristic
Mathematics
teachers
Science
teachers
Other teachersa
19.0
21.6
16.3
6.7
12.1
28.3
13.5
18.6
27.4
9.4
12.6
22.1
12.1
16.7
26.4
16.0
19.5
29.5
12.8
14.7
20.9
All schools
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
aOther teachers
bSchool poverty
lunch.
level is percentage of students in school qualifying for free/reduced-price
Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of 200708 Schools and Staffing Survey, National
Center for Education Statistics.
Appendix table 1-14

Participation in practice teaching by new public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers, by preparation for firstyear teaching activities: Academic year 200708
(Percent)
Mathematics teachers
Teaching activities
Teach subject matter
Use computers
Assess students
Use variety of instructional methods
Select/adapt curriculum
Handle classroom management/discipline
Science teachers
Did not participate in

practice teaching
Participated in
practice teaching
Did not participate in

practice teaching
Participated in
practice teaching
75.4
58.4
56.5
44.1
43.3
31.0
91.9
60.9
74.1
66.9
64.0
52.5
83.1
58.9
49.5
44.5
43.1
35.3
91.4
80.9
73.4
78.8
68.4
60.0
NOTES: New teachers refer to teachers with fewer than 5 years of teaching experience. The Schools and Staffing Survey asked these teachers about how
well they were prepared to perform various tasks during their first year of teaching. Response categories included "very well prepared," "well prepared,"
"somewhat prepared," and "not at all prepared." Percentages based on teachers who responded "very well prepared" or "well prepared."
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of 200708 Schools and Staffing
Survey, National Center for Education Statistics.
Appendix table 1-15

Duration of practice teaching by new public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers, by minority enrollment and school
poverty level: Academic years 200304 and 200708
Mathematics
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Science
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Otherb
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
aSchool poverty
bOther teachers
None
4 weeks
or less
5 to 7
weeks
8 to 11
weeks
12 weeks
or more
None
4 weeks
or less
5 to 7
weeks
8 to 11
weeks
12 weeks
or more
21.4
3.2
4.6
13.5
57.4
25.2
3.0
7.8
11.4
52.5
7.3
17.3
28.7
0.2
1.4
5.4
0.2
4.5
5.7
16.7
11.7
14.2
75.5
65.0
46.0
8.6
27.3
26.5
2.1
1.2
4.5
3.1
2.5
12.5
7.0
15.2
9.4
79.2
53.8
47.0
14.2
18.0
30.7
0.3
2.4
6.3
6.8
3.3
5.6
17.6
12.9
12.0
61.1
63.5
45.5
35.5
29.3
15.6
1.4
2.8
3.9
5.0
2.0
17.9
9.3
11.4
11.9
48.8
54.5
50.7
25.0
2.4
3.9
13.6
55.1
28.3
3.5
3.3
12.4
52.5
8.9
23.8
31.8
1.2
1.5
3.8
3.1
3.7
4.4
16.9
17.3
8.5
69.9
53.6
51.5
10.4
28.8
32.2
1.0
1.7
5.9
6.8
1.8
4.2
34.7
14.5
4.7
47.0
53.3
53.0
14.8
24.4
34.1
1.1
1.8
4.6
5.2
3.2
5.0
23.3
14.5
6.7
55.5
56.1
49.6
23.6
28.1
30.6
0.8
2.0
6.8
1.1
2.0
6.4
16.0
12.4
11.3
58.5
55.5
45.0
18.8
3.5
3.8
13.8
60.1
23.1
2.2
4.5
13.5
56.8
10.4
16.8
23.2
0.9
2.3
5.4
1.1
2.7
5.6
16.3
14.3
12.6
71.3
63.8
53.2
15.7
18.9
28.3
2.2
2.0
2.3
3.4
3.5
5.5
14.5
14.8
12.2
64.2
60.7
51.8
11.2
17.2
24.3
1.7
3.2
4.9
1.6
3.5
5.7
15.7
14.5
11.8
69.7
61.6
53.4
16.8
22.7
25.6
2.8
2.5
1.5
5.3
3.2
6.3
13.5
15.7
10.6
61.6
56.0
55.9

NOTES: New teachers refer to teachers with fewer than 5 years of teaching experience. Percentages may not add to 100 because of rounding.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of 200304 and 200708 Schools and
Staffing Survey, National Center for Education Statistics.
Appendix table 1-16

Pathway to teaching for public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers, by participation in practice
teaching: Academic year 200708
(Percent)
Entered through alternative pathway
Participated in practice teaching
All teachers
No practice teaching
Any practice teaching
aOther teachers
Entered through traditional pathway
Mathematics
teachers
Science
teachers
Other
teachersa
Mathematics
teachers
Science
teachers
Other
teachersa
100.0
57.2
42.8
100.0
48.9
51.1
100.0
51.3
48.7
100.0
6.4
93.6
100.0
7.7
92.3
100.0
6.0
94.0
NOTES: The Schools and Staffing Survey asked teachers whether they entered the teaching profession through an alternative certification
program designed to expedite the transition of non-teachers to a teaching career, for example, a state, district, or university alternative certification
program. Teachers who responded "yes" comprise those in the "entered through alternative pathway" category and those who said "no" comprise
the "entered through traditional pathway" teachers. The traditional pathway usually begins in an undergraduate education program, where future
teachers earn a bachelors or masters degree and full teaching certification prior to beginning to teach.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of 200708 Schools
and Staffing Survey, National Center for Education Statistics.
Appendix table 1-17

Preparedness for first-year teaching tasks of new public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers, by minority enrollment, school poverty level, and teaching tasks: Academic
years 200304 and 200708
(Percent)
characteristic
Handle
classroom
management/
discipline
Mathematics
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Science
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Otherb
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
aSchool poverty
bOther teachers
Use variety of
instructional Teach subject
methods
matter
Use
computers
Assess
students
Select/adapt
curriculum
Handle
classroom
management/
discipline
Use variety of
instructional Teach subject
methods
matter
Use
computers
Assess
students
Select/adapt
curriculum
51.3
63.5
90.8
57.1
73.0
61.3
47.1
61.1
87.8
60.2
69.7
58.8
58.2
54.9
46.3
86.8
68.9
52.5
94.4
93.7
87.6
63.9
61.4
51.7
83.6
78.8
65.2
67.0
67.4
54.6
58.9
49.6
43.2
62.7
70.7
53.8
98.9
90.7
83.7
70.9
63.0
56.4
77.2
75.8
63.9
57.6
60.7
57.5
53.9
51.7
48.7
80.5
67.1
48.1
95.6
91.0
87.5
67.1
56.4
51.5
82.6
73.2
66.5
68.8
63.4
52.2
51.6
47.8
44.0
68.9
64.6
52.2
96.3
85.7
87.7
71.4
57.8
60.0
83.9
70.1
63.9
70.7
56.0
58.9
43.7
58.0
79.0
62.4
59.3
56.5
53.0
69.1
89.0
74.7
66.6
61.2
53.1
45.1
39.0
71.2
59.7
51.8
91.7
76.5
77.3
71.4
62.3
59.4
66.5
56.6
59.8
58.0
56.6
55.9
57.1
54.9
50.1
81.2
75.1
59.9
95.1
91.6
84.8
66.8
78.8
72.2
78.7
72.2
57.9
54.2
65.1
58.9
55.1
43.3
35.4
64.6
60.3
46.6
88.0
78.3
73.6
72.0
59.8
60.0
64.5
57.6
58.8
54.1
57.2
54.1
68.1
52.1
48.2
75.6
68.7
66.9
86.9
89.1
89.3
83.7
74.7
72.0
69.2
67.9
63.1
77.2
60.7
56.1
53.4
66.3
81.1
59.0
67.3
63.5
58.3
69.8
82.8
69.4
70.5
66.1
61.6
56.2
48.3
75.5
70.5
59.6
84.2
82.1
79.3
63.4
62.7
54.3
73.2
70.8
62.2
68.4
68.4
57.5
61.8
61.7
54.6
73.7
73.7
65.7
87.3
83.1
81.5
72.1
71.6
67.0
74.0
73.4
67.3
66.2
69.0
63.5
62.2
54.6
45.9
73.2
69.3
56.9
84.2
82.4
76.7
59.9
60.7
54.9
74.0
69.2
59.9
72.9
65.0
55.7
64.6
58.8
54.0
75.2
71.2
65.1
84.0
84.1
79.8
79.4
69.1
65.8
75.2
71.9
65.9
73.2
66.4
62.2

NOTES: New teachers refer to teachers with fewer than 5 years of teaching experience. The Schools and Staffing survey asked these teachers how well they were prepared to perform various tasks during their first year of teaching.
Response categories included "very well prepared," "well prepared," "somewhat prepared," and "not at all prepared." Percentages based on teachers responding "very well prepared" or "well prepared."
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of 200304 and 200708 Schools and Staffing Survey, National Center for Education Statistics.
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Appendix table 1-19

Preparation of public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers for teaching in their field, by minority enrollment and
school poverty level: Academic years 200304 and 200708
Middle school
Mathematics
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Science
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
High school
Mathematics
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Biology/life sciences
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Physical sciences
05
>545
>45
In field Related field
General
education
None of
these
General
education
None of
these
53.5
3.9
37.5
5.1
64.3
1.6
30.6
3.4
72.9
49.6
51.5
0.2
0.8
8.6
25.2
44.2
34.2
1.7
5.5
5.7
66.5
67.9
60.9
0.0
0.4
2.9
32.6
29.1
31.6
1.0
2.6
4.6
58.2
56.4
47.4
0.4
1.3
9.3
38.4
38.4
35.5
3.0
3.8
7.8
75.7
61.0
64.9
3.5
0.4
2.6
20.8
35.4
27.8
0.0
3.2
4.7
67.0
na
29.2
3.8
69.7
na
27.0
3.3
64.3
65.4
70.1
na
na
na
33.8
30.9
25.4
1.9
3.8
4.5
70.8
70.8
68.1
na
na
na
28.9
27.4
26.2
0.2
1.8
5.7
65.9
65.4
70.6
na
na
na
34.0
30.1
25.5
0.1
4.4
4.0
63.0
70.1
70.2
na
na
na
33.9
28.4
23.7
3.1
1.5
6.2
87.4
2.0
3.1
7.5
88.0
1.2
3.4
7.4
91.3
90.2
82.8
0.7
0.9
3.8
4.9
2.5
3.0
3.2
6.4
10.4
94.6
90.7
83.2
0.3
0.4
2.4
3.2
3.5
3.3
1.9
5.4
11.1
92.2
87.5
82.9
0.4
2.6
1.8
3.0
3.1
3.3
4.4
6.8
12.0
93.8
89.1
81.5
0.1
1.1
2.5
2.7
3.2
4.0
3.5
6.6
12.0
91.9
3.6
1.3
3.2
93.2
3.9
0.9
2.0
95.6
92.3
89.9
2.9
3.7
3.9
0.9
1.2
1.5
0.6
2.8
4.8
96.9
91.2
94.9
1.0
4.7
3.5
1.2
1.3
0.3
0.9
2.8
1.2
94.8
92.4
87.8
3.9
3.0
5.4
0.8
1.4
1.6
0.4
3.2
5.3
97.5
92.0
92.6
0.8
4.8
4.3
0.4
1.0
1.1
1.4
2.1
1.9
78.1
19.6
0.9
1.5
81.6
15.4
1.2
1.8
76.3
79.4
77.0
22.1
17.9
20.7
0.0
1.3
0.8
1.5
1.4
1.5
86.0
83.9
77.3
12.1
15.0
17.1
0.4
0.8
1.9
1.5
0.2
3.7
Appendix table 1-19

Preparation of public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers for teaching in their field, by minority enrollment and
school poverty level: Academic years 200304 and 200708
010
>1050
>50

85.9
75.3
76.7
11.7
22.3
22.1
General
education
None of
these
1.1
1.0
0.6
1.3
1.4
0.7

87.5
82.7
75.2
10.6
14.2
21.3
General
education
None of
these
1.9
0.9
1.2
0.0
2.2
2.3
na = not applicable
aSchool poverty
NOTE: Percentages may not add to 100 because of rounding.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of 200304 and 200708 Schools and
Staffing Survey, National Center for Education Statistics.
Appendix table 1-20

Participation in induction program during first year of teaching among new public middle and
high school mathematics and science teachers, by minority enrollment and school poverty
level: Academic years 200304 and 200708
(Percent)
Mathematics
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Science
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Otherb
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
aSchool poverty
bOther teachers

71.3

78.6
87.8
76.1
62.6
87.4
76.3
78.9
75.6
77.0
58.7
80.4
80.2
76.1
67.7
72.6
73.5
70.2
63.2
67.4
79.0
67.2
77.4
69.4
57.3
81.7
76.8
62.1
69.0
73.0
66.9
74.9
64.2
75.6
76.5
69.5
80.2
69.2
63.4
79.9
75.4
68.0

NOTE: New teachers refer to those with fewer than 5 years of teaching experience.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special
tabulations (2011) of 200304 and 200708 Schools and Staffing Survey, National Center for Education
Statistics.
Appendix table 1-21

Support received by new public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers
during their first year teaching, by support type: Academic year 200708
(Percent)
Support type
Reduced schedule or number of preparations
Common planning time in subject area
Seminars or classes for beginning teachers
Extra classroom assistance
Regular supportive communication from leadership
Ongoing guidance from a mentor
aOther teachers
Mathematics
teachers
Science
teachers
Other
teachersa
15.6
51.5
74.0
21.4
80.3
78.4
12.1
45.6
73.4
16.5
76.1
77.3
13.3
47.7
71.1
27.1
81.1
78.4
NOTE: New teachers refer to those with fewer than 5 years of teaching experience.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special
tabulations (2011) of 200708 Schools and Staffing Survey, National Center for Education Statistics.
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Appendix table 1-23

Topics rated as top priority for additional professional development by public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers, by minority enrollment and school
poverty level: Academic year 200708
Topic rated as top priority for additional professional development
characteristic
Student discipline
and classroom
management
Teaching
students with
special needs
22.4
7.8
2.4
18.1
20.0
25.7
4.4
7.6
8.8
18.1
21.1
27.1
Mathematics
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Science
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Otherb
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Content of main
subject field
Content standards in
main
subject field
Methods of
teaching
Student
assessment
Communicating
with parents
19.8
18.5
10.3
12.2
4.7
0.9
0.0
1.4
4.0
22.8
22.5
16.6
25.0
19.9
15.7
13.1
11.7
8.3
11.9
11.0
13.4
3.1
4.1
5.6
1.2
1.1
0.6
7.5
7.3
8.5
0.8
2.0
4.1
27.6
17.9
19.0
21.4
20.1
15.0
7.0
12.3
7.9
13.4
12.4
11.3
3.2
4.7
5.2
0.2
1.3
0.5
19.2
5.3
3.3
18.8
24.8
8.6
13.9
4.1
0.7
13.4
15.3
25.4
5.5
5.4
5.0
0.2
1.8
6.0
22.5
17.9
18.6
28.1
30.2
17.6
10.3
8.1
8.8
16.5
14.6
12.3
2.0
4.7
3.9
0.1
1.2
0.3
9.6
17.6
29.1
6.5
4.0
7.2
1.2
2.5
6.6
21.9
20.0
15.0
31.3
26.6
16.5
8.2
8.1
8.8
15.9
14.1
11.9
2.5
5.3
2.7
1.6
0.5
0.5
20.2
14.9
4.3
13.7
24.2
7.4
9.7
2.9
1.2
17.6
16.4
24.9
14.4
14.7
15.1
0.9
2.8
6.9
15.7
14.4
12.5
27.7
27.0
20.2
7.9
8.0
6.6
9.8
10.7
8.6
3.7
2.8
2.8
0.5
1.3
1.2
13.5
19.3
25.6
14.9
14.7
15.3
2.2
3.6
7.1
14.6
14.0
12.5
29.1
25.2
19.4
7.5
7.5
7.0
11.5
10.0
8.3
4.1
2.9
2.2
1.0
1.2
1.3
Teaching LEP Use of technology

students
in instruction
LEP = limited English proficiency

aSchool poverty
bOther teachers

NOTES: For professional development priorities, teachers were asked to select three top priorities for additional professional development from list of topics shown. Response categories included "first priority,"
"second priority," and "third priority." Percentages based on teachers' responses of their first priority. Percentages do not total to 100% because "other" omitted.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of 200708 Schools and Staffing Survey, National Center for Education Statistics.
Appendix table 1-24

Average salaries of public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers
and percentage who were satisfied with their salaries, by minority enrollment and
school poverty level: Academic year 200708
Mathematics
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Science
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Otherb
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
aSchool poverty
bOther teachers
Average salary ($)

49,535
Satisfaction with salary (%)

53.9
46,457
49,200
50,578
61.8
55.9
50.2
55,386
48,644
48,372
58.5
56.2
46.8
50,618
53.0
46,015
51,397
51,018
58.8
56.2
47.7
58,465
49,473
47,649
64.5
50.4
50.3
49,860
53.5
45,758
50,071
50,765
58.7
54.7
50.8
57,089
48,752
48,164
62.0
52.8
50.0

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics,
special tabulations (2011) of 200708 Schools and Staffing Survey, National Center for Education
Statistics.
Appendix table 1-25

Perceptions of working conditions of public middle and high school mathematics and science teachers, by minority enrollment and school poverty level: Academic years 200304
and 200708
(Percent)
characteristic
Supportive
parents
Necessary
materials
available
45.3
55.9
79.4
86.0
73.0
34.4
30.8
36.9
60.0
68.7
61.8
44.5
89.2
84.3
70.2
86.0
87.6
84.3
72.5
76.7
69.0
26.0
43.9
62.5
73.1
56.5
42.7
86.4
82.0
67.7
87.3
85.3
86.1
48.6
55.2
77.9
33.3
42.4
62.4
65.3
61.5
43.5
31.5
47.4
64.7

010
>1050
>50
Science
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Otherb
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
bOther teachers
Worry
about job Tardiness
Staff security due and class
Principal
communicates
members
cutting
to test
vision recognized
scores
interfere
Student
misbehavior
interferes
Mathematics
05
>545
>45
aSchool poverty

Worry
about job
Principal
Staff
security
communicates
members due to test
vision recognized
scores
Supportive
parents
Necessary
materials
available
40.7
44.6
59.0
84.8
87.8
76.1
32.6
42.5
28.4
30.4
41.0
27.9
33.0
54.1
34.0
38.9
52.5
70.3
68.5
47.5
88.9
88.1
80.8
87.3
87.0
88.6
72.1
78.0
75.3
26.8
28.5
37.8
33.7
39.0
47.9
78.4
73.5
67.3
20.8
32.2
48.4
24.5
42.1
47.7
34.7
41.4
56.0
77.8
61.2
45.4
86.9
87.2
79.2
90.4
86.2
89.3
75.9
76.1
75.9
19.1
31.0
41.7
34.8
40.8
49.1
83.9
70.8
30.9
43.5
44.4
58.8
82.4
85.7
73.0
32.9
44.7
81.7
82.0
71.4
84.9
85.9
81.1
70.0
73.0
68.4
24.8
28.1
36.9
29.1
38.8
55.1
38.9
36.1
55.5
65.0
68.8
45.6
87.2
86.4
76.4
84.6
87.0
84.6
72.8
76.4
69.1
29.8
29.1
38.1
35.4
38.9
53.9
69.6
56.9
41.4
85.1
77.0
75.1
87.3
85.1
78.7
72.6
73.4
63.1
21.8
30.1
39.3
27.6
42.3
57.2
32.5
41.9
58.4
70.1
61.3
45.8
86.8
83.1
77.6
87.6
85.1
85.6
76.6
73.1
70.1
24.2
32.0
40.5
33.8
45.1
51.5
42.6
58.0
76.3
86.0
72.5
28.4
39.9
38.9
61.6
80.7
87.4
75.0
29.6
39.0
31.1
38.0
53.3
63.4
62.7
49.9
83.4
79.3
69.4
86.3
86.7
85.1
70.7
75.1
70.2
26.1
25.0
33.5
29.2
36.2
49.1
29.8
32.8
47.8
66.0
68.6
53.0
84.0
84.2
76.1
85.5
88.2
87.2
74.8
77.2
72.7
24.7
24.9
35.9
32.2
33.6
46.7
28.5
42.0
55.1
71.0
59.0
46.6
82.9
76.9
70.1
85.4
85.8
86.9
74.8
72.3
70.5
17.8
27.6
37.1
29.1
39.6
47.5
25.9
37.2
50.1
73.5
64.5
49.0
84.8
81.4
76.5
88.2
87.7
86.3
78.1
75.4
72.2
20.2
27.6
39.3
28.6
38.2
46.6

NOTES: Teachers asked to indicate agreement with various statements. Response categories include "strongly agree," "somewhat agree," "somewhat disagree," and "strongly disagree." Responses based on teachers answering
"somewhat agree" or "strongly agree."
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of 200304 and 200708 Schools and Staffing Survey, National Center for Education Statistics.
Tardiness
and class
cutting
interfere
Student
misbehavior
interferes
Appendix table 1-26

Current occupational status of former public school mathematics and science teachers: Academic year 200809
Current occupational status

Working for a K12 school/school district but not as a K12 classroom teacher
Working in pre-K or postsecondary education
Working outside the field of education, including military service
Student at a college or university
Caring for family members
Retired
Disabled
Unemployed and seeking work
Other
Former
mathematics
teachers
Former
science
teachers
Former
teachers in
other subjects
38.3
0.3
6.0
3.0
0.7
31.0
0.8
7.2
12.9
9.6
3.5
9.5
25.5
8.3
26.6
0.4
9.4
7.2
26.5
2.1
9.1
4.2
8.1
27.6
1.1
5.2
16.2
NOTES: Former teachers are those who taught in 200708 but left teaching by 200809. Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of 200708 Schools and
Staffing Survey and 200809 Teacher Follow-up Survey, National Center for Education Statistics.
Appendix table 1-27

Serious student problems reported by public middle and high school mathematics and science
teachers, by minority enrollment and school poverty level: Academic years 200304 and 200708
(Percent)
characteristic
Student apathy
Students come to
school unprepared
to learn
Student apathy
Students come to
school unprepared
to learn
31.1
37.3
27.8
33.0
17.4
25.1
43.1
20.5
27.2
54.9
20.8
26.7
30.5
19.2
24.2
44.4
11.9
29.9
47.6
11.9
33.9
63.6
16.3
28.9
31.7
13.3
29.7
48.8
32.4
37.0
28.7
32.5
20.8
28.1
42.5
19.7
29.0
53.7
21.9
20.2
40.2
22.6
19.2
50.6
16.1
30.8
47.6
14.7
33.2
61.3
9.9
28.4
41.5
9.8
28.8
54.9
26.2
31.8
25.3
27.9
18.0
22.1
34.7
18.5
24.8
46.2
18.4
19.1
33.8
19.8
18.4
40.3
14.7
25.9
35.5
13.6
29.7
50.4
12.5
24.0
35.6
10.9
24.3
45.0
Mathematics
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Science
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
Otherb
05
>545
>45
010
>1050
>50
aSchool poverty
bOther teachers

NOTES: Teachers asked to indicate the seriousness of various student problems in their schools. Response
categories include "serious problem," "moderate problem," "minor problem," and "not a problem." Percentages based
on teachers viewing various student problems as "serious."
(2011) of 200304 and 200708 Schools and Staffing Survey, National Center for Education Statistics.
Appendix table 1-28

High school graduates enrolled in college in October after completing high school, by demographic characteristics and institution type: 19752009
(Percent)
Parents education
Year
All
graduates
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
51
49
51
50
49
49
54
51
53
55
58
54
57
59
60
60
63
62
63
62
62
65
67
66
63
63
62
65
64
67
69
66
Sex
Male
53
47
52
51
50
47
55
49
52
56
59
56
58
57
58
58
58
60
60
61
63
60
64
62
61
60
60
62
61
61
66
66
Family income
Female
49
50
49
49
48
52
53
52
53
54
57
52
55
61
62
62
67
64
65
63
61
70
70
69
64
66
64
68
67
72
70
66
Lowa
35
32
32
30
32
32
33
34
34
36
36
37
38
42
46
45
42
44
45
42
42
47
51
50
48
47
50
51
52
51
51
54
Middle
46
40
44
44
43
42
49
42
45
48
51
48
50
55
55
54
58
57
57
58
56
63
61
65
60
60
57
61
59
63
65
61
Race/ethnicity
High
64
63
66
64
63
65
68
71
70
74
75
71
74
73
71
77
78
79
79
78
83
78
82
77
75
77
80
78
78
80
81
81
White
51
49
51
51
50
50
55
53
55
59
60
57
59
61
61
63
65
64
63
65
64
67
68
69
66
66
64
69
66
69
73
69
Blacka Hispanica
43
55
45
54
47
49
48
46
45
46
44
50
40
49
39
49
38
47
40
49
40
46
43
42
44
45
50
49
48
53
49
52
47
53
50
58
51
56
52
55
53
52
55
58
59
55
60
52
59
47
56
49
56
53
57
55
60
58
59
58
58
58
56
58
Less than
high
school
High school
diploma or
equivalent
Some
college
Bachelors
degree
or higher
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
33
47
43
27
45
51
50
36
44
39
43
43
40
43
43
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
56
52
50
47
56
62
57
54
52
52
52
54
55
62
56
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
68
63
65
70
67
63
68
60
64
62
66
63
67
66
67
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
81
88
83
88
85
86
82
82
81
81
83
82
86
89
78
Institution type
2-year
18
16
17
17
18
19
20
19
19
19
20
19
19
22
21
20
25
23
23
21
22
23
23
24
21
21
20
22
21
22
24
25
4-year
33
33
33
33
32
30
33
31
34
36
38
35
38
37
39
40
38
39
40
41
40
42
44
41
42
42
42
43
42
44
45
41
Appendix table 1-28

High school graduates enrolled in college in October after completing high school, by demographic characteristics and institution type: 19752009
(Percent)
Parents education
Year
All
graduates
2007
2008
2009
67
69
70
Sex
Male
66
66
66
Family income
Female
68
72
74
Lowa
55
56
55
Middle
63
65
67
Race/ethnicity
High
78
82
84
White
70
72
71
Blacka Hispanica
56
62
60
62
63
62
Less than
high
school
High school
diploma or
equivalent
Some
college
Bachelors
degree
or higher
45
44
40
52
57
58
65
72
74
86
82
82
Institution type
2-year
24
28
28
4-year
43
41
42
NA = not available
aDue
to the small sample size for the low-income, black, and Hispanic category, data are subject to relatively large sampling errors. Therefore, 3-year moving averages are used to produce more stable
estimates. The 3-year moving average is an arithmetic average of the rates in the year indicated, the year immediately preceding, and the year immediately following. For 1975 and 2009, a 2-year
moving average is used: data for 1975 reflect an average of 1975 and 1976, and data for 2009 reflect an average of 2008 and 2009.
NOTES: Includes students ages 1624 completing high school in survey year. Before 1992, high school completer referred to those who had completed 12 years of schooling. As of 1992, high school
completer refers to those who have received a high school diploma or equivalency certificate. Family income categorized as follows: low income includes families in lowest 20% of income distribution,
middle income includes families in middle 60%, and high income includes families in highest 20%. Parents education is highest level of education attained by either parent of student.
SOURCES: Parents' education: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) special tabulations (2011) of Current Population Survey, Bureau of Labor Statistics. All other data: Aud S, Hussar W,
Kena G, Bianco K, Frohlich L, Kemp J, Tahan K., The Condition of Education 2011, Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, NCES 2011-033 (2011).
Appendix table 1-29

First-time entry rates into university-level education in OECD
countries, by sex: 2008
(Percent)
Country
United States
OECD averagea
Australia
Poland
Portugal
Iceland
Slovak Republic
New Zealand
Norway
Korea
Finland
Sweden
Netherlands
Denmark
United Kingdom
Hungary
Czech Republic
Italy
Austria
Japan
Ireland
Chile
Greece
Spain
Switzerland
Germany
Mexico
Belgium
Turkey
Luxembourg
Both sexes
64
Male
57
Female
72
56
87
83
81
73
72
72
71
71
70
65
62
59
57
57
57
51
50
48
46
45
42
41
38
36
34
31
30
25
50
76
76
71
54
59
60
57
72
61
53
57
46
50
52
50
43
44
54
43
42
33
35
37
36
34
29
32
25
63
99
90
92
94
86
84
86
70
79
78
67
73
64
62
65
60
56
42
49
49
53
48
39
37
34
32
28
25
OECD = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

aBased
on OECD countries with available data.
NOTES: According to OECD, university-level education provides education that is

largely theoretical and is intended to provide sufficient qualifications for gaining
entry to advanced research programs and professions with high-skill requirements.
Entry into these programs normally requires successful completion of upper
secondary education (e.g., high school); admission is competitive in most cases.
Minimum cumulative theoretical duration at this level is 3 years of full-time
enrollment. OECD calculates entry rates by dividing number of first-time entrants
of specific age in each type of tertiary program by total population in corresponding
age group and then adding results for each single year of age. Mismatches
between coverage of population data and student/graduate data mean
participation/graduation rates for countries that are net exporters of students may
be underestimated and countries that are net importers may be overestimated.
SOURCE: OECD, Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2010 (2010).
Appendix table 2-1

S&E degrees awarded, by degree level, Carnegie institution type, and field: 2009
S&E field
Earth,
atmospheric,
Computer
and ocean
sciences
sciences Mathematics
30,050
98
930
20
0
0
117
0
6
2,867
0
0
2,019
3
6
2,386
0
5
18,908
95
913
0
0
0
0
0
0
3,499
0
0
45
0
0
189
0
0
Agricultural
sciences
Biological
sciences
1,811
66
36
0
37
268
1,368
0
0
0
36
0
2,546
1
11
39
40
84
2,346
0
0
2
19
4
505,435
192,853
72,243
28,503
144,265
61,207
201
51
1,957
3,760
64
331
19,152
8,780
3,352
608
4,362
2,023
8
0
0
5
14
0
85,574
34,159
11,694
4,624
22,340
11,803
0
50
42
756
0
106
38,496
6,747
4,057
3,890
15,499
5,540
193
0
104
2,443
8
15
4,542
1,785
715
233
1,212
575
0
1
20
0
0
1
665,473
178,037
95,872
81,378
264,624
12,070
170
7,425
910
24,677
3
307
134,517
56,074
25,593
12,722
34,755
1,077
22
917
813
2,489
1
54
4,349
2,325
936
160
865
57
0
1
0
0
0
5
9,921
4,734
1,769
511
1,970
50
0
781
3
89
0
14
17,988
6,627
3,820
2,024
4,988
124
0
0
190
215
0
0
61,730
38,742
10,589
5,772
2,006
33,284
24,802
4,954
1,522
394
1,143
903
187
5
46
7,429
5,408
842
114
23
1,574
1,254
249
47
14
Degree and institution type

Associates
Doctorate-granting universitiesvery high research activity
Doctorate-granting universitieshigh research activity
Doctoral/research universities
Masters colleges and universities
Baccalaureate colleges
Associates colleges
Medical schools and medical centers
Schools of engineering
Other specialized institutions
Tribal colleges
Not classified
All fields
793,279
3,387
3,646
27,277
52,323
45,159
636,535
506
12
21,547
1,413
1,474
All S&E
54,284
89
181
4,186
2,459
3,155
40,184
0
0
3,573
260
197
Bachelors
Doctorate-granting universitieshigh research activity
Associates colleges
Tribal colleges
Not classified
1,619,028
418,817
231,296
114,980
607,587
188,840
1,482
5,788
2,143
47,139
208
748
Masters
Doctorate-granting universities-high research activity
Associates colleges
Tribal colleges
Not classified
Doctorate
Doctorate-granting universities-high research activity
Physical
sciences
Social
sciences Engineering
10,470
2,329
1
1
1
2
0
4
157
19
150
97
10,010
2,135
0
0
0
0
5
67
142
4
4
0
2,101
0
8
1
56
14
2,022
0
0
0
0
0
Psychology
3,949
0
0
1,275
122
151
2,387
0
0
0
14
0
16,208
5,867
1,862
808
5,282
2,307
0
0
35
32
0
15
17,942
6,257
2,277
977
5,196
3,162
0
0
48
17
0
8
94,743
26,818
13,159
5,893
36,573
11,950
0
0
23
233
0
94
158,178
65,293
20,542
8,194
43,405
20,400
0
0
14
234
42
54
70,600
37,147
14,585
3,276
10,396
3,447
0
0
1,671
40
0
38
1,579
967
406
55
131
8
0
0
12
0
0
0
5,459
3,106
1,090
299
943
11
0
0
8
0
0
2
4,101
2,465
797
187
603
28
0
9
11
1
0
0
20,744
1,748
2,340
4,892
9,271
475
22
64
0
1,901
0
31
33,866
14,577
5,850
3,157
9,788
231
0
38
0
222
1
2
36,510
19,525
8,585
1,437
6,196
93
0
24
589
61
0
0
724
623
94
1
3
1,536
1,284
223
17
4
4,416
3,622
673
61
15
4,046
1,567
922
966
211
4,501
3,596
653
179
34
7,915
6,545
1,111
132
44
Appendix table 2-1

S&E degrees awarded, by degree level, Carnegie institution type, and field: 2009
S&E field
Degree and institution type

Associate's colleges
Not classified
All fields
188
3
2,888
54
1,487
1
All S&E
35
3
1,201
54
318
1
Agricultural
sciences
Biological
sciences
0
0
1
0
0
1
4
3
1,033
0
2
0
Earth,
atmospheric,
Computer
and ocean
sciences
sciences Mathematics
0
0
5
0
0
0
9
0
0
1
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
Physical
sciences
6
0
27
11
1
0
Psychology
5
0
73
0
302
0
Social
sciences Engineering
10
5
0
0
16
42
0
36
13
0
0
0
NCES = National Center for Education Statistics

NOTES: Medical and other life sciences included in non-S&E. In 2008 NCES allowed optional reporting in three new doctoral degree categories: doctor'sresearch/scholarship, doctor'professional practice, and doctor'sother.
Degrees formerly classified as professional degrees (e.g., MDs, and JDs) can now be reported as doctoral degrees, most often as doctor'sprofessional practice. Data for 2008 and 2009 in this table include only those doctorates
reported under the old doctoral degree category plus those reported as doctor'sresearch/scholarship. Carnegie institution type corresponds to the 2010 Carnegie Classification of Academic Institutions.
SOURCES: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey; and National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Integrated
Science and Engineering Resources Data System (WebCASPAR), http://webcaspar.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 2-2

Degrees awarded by private for-profit academic institutions, by broad field and degree level: 200009
Broad field and degree level
All fields
Associate's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctorate
S&E
Associate's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctorate
Non-S&E
Associate's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctorate
All fields
Associate's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctorate
S&E
Associate's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctorate
Non-S&E
Associate's
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctorate
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
76,188
21,676
11,353
606
83,185
24,761
13,182
802
84,231
28,143
16,188
662
97,028
32,929
17,171
842
100,813
43,748
28,962
1,171
108,564
49,909
35,694
1,488
113,778
63,010
45,773
1,483
119,577
71,645
51,540
1,910
128,828
76,724
55,523
2,360
146,237
85,317
64,239
2,102
9,142
4,179
1,337
349
12,703
5,291
1,434
517
16,322
7,039
1,363
367
21,125
10,146
1,758
391
18,789
13,413
2,425
482
16,858
13,054
2,231
652
14,967
13,826
2,394
624
13,537
13,190
2,878
690
14,236
13,565
3,924
720
16,896
15,348
6,471
360
67,046
17,497
10,016
257
70,482
19,470
11,748
285
67,909
21,104
14,825
295
75,903
22,783
15,413
451
82,024
91,706
30,335
36,855
26,537
33,463
689
836
Percent
98,811
49,184
43,379
859
106,040
58,455
48,662
1,220
114,592
63,159
51,599
1,640
129,341
69,969
57,768
1,742
13.3
1.7
2.5
1.3
14.2
2.0
2.8
1.8
14.0
2.2
3.3
1.5
15.2
2.4
3.3
1.8
15.0
3.1
5.1
2.4
15.5
3.4
6.2
2.8
15.8
4.2
7.6
2.6
16.3
4.6
8.4
3.1
17.0
4.9
8.8
3.8
18.4
5.3
9.7
3.4
23.8
1.0
1.4
1.4
28.1
1.3
1.4
2.0
31.9
1.7
1.4
1.5
33.6
2.3
1.6
1.5
31.2
2.9
2.0
1.8
30.8
2.8
1.8
2.3
30.0
2.9
2.0
2.0
28.5
2.7
2.4
2.1
29.0
2.7
3.1
2.2
31.1
3.0
4.8
1.1
12.5
2.0
2.8
1.3
13.0
2.3
3.2
1.5
12.4
2.4
3.8
1.5
13.2
2.5
3.8
2.2
13.4
3.2
6.0
3.1
14.2
3.7
7.3
3.4
14.8
4.8
9.1
3.3
15.5
5.5
9.9
4.3
16.2
5.8
10.2
5.8
17.5
6.3
10.9
6.1
SOURCES: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey; and National
Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System
(WebCASPAR), http://webcaspar.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 2-3

Degrees awarded by private for-profit academic institutions, by field and degree level: 2009
Field
All fields
S&E
Agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Computer science
Mathematics
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Non-S&E
Architecture and environmental design
Arts and music
Business and management
Communication and librarianship
Education
Engineering technologies
English and literature
Health technologies
History
Law
Medical and other life sciences
Religion and theology
Science technologies
Social services
Vocational studies and home economics
Other non-S&E
Associate's
146,237
16,896
0
9
15,353
0
1,351
28
155
129,341
7
6,760
38,277
430
1,012
10,782
0
26,737
0
90
9,481
0
32
0
19,470
16,263
Bachelor's
85,317
15,348
69
53
10,261
0
1,827
2,924
214
69,969
48
7,807
42,186
417
490
1,824
11
169
57
168
7,460
19
0
12
6,328
2,973
Master's
64,239
6,471
14
0
1,124
0
3,323
1,092
918
57,768
44
434
31,015
50
17,545
118
0
549
161
0
5,990
0
0
7
1,665
190
Doctorate
2,102
360
0
0
15
0
293
52
0
1,742
0
0
620
0
961
0
0
1
0
0
118
8
0
4
15
15
SOURCES: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System,
Completions Survey; and National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics
Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System (WebCASPAR), http://webcaspar.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 2-4

Undergraduate students in postsecondary institutions taking distance education courses,
by control and level of institution: 200708
Control and level of institution

Total
Public
4-year
2-year
Less-than-2 year
Private not-for-profit
4-year
2-year
Less-than-2 year
Private for-profit
4-year
2-year
Less-than-2 year
Taking any distance

education courses
Students Percent of all
(thousands)
students
4,277
20.4
3,423
121
2,206
8
429
412
12
5
425
301
97
28
21.5
18.1
24.2
8.2
14.1
14.0
20.2
16.3
21.3
29.7
18.0
6.2
Taking entire program through

distance education
Students Percent of all
(thousands)
students
769
3.7
436
146
288
S
88
84
4
S
245
193
44
7
2.7
2.2
3.2
2.2
2.9
2.9
6.1
2.5
12.3
19.0
8.3
1.6
= standard error represents more than 30% of estimate; S=suppressed, reporting standards not met
NOTES: Estimates pertain to all postsecondary students who enrolled at any time during the school year at
an institution participating in Title IV programs. Distance education participation includes participation at any
institution for students attending more than one institution during the school year. Data include Puerto Rico.
Detail may not sum to totals because of survey item nonresponse and rounding.
SOURCES: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 200708 National
Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS:08).
Appendix table 2-5

Full-time S&E graduate students, by field and mechanism of primary support: 2009
All mechanisms
Field
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Scienceb
Natural sciences
Biological sciencesc
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
Atmospheric sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Other geosciences
Mathematics/computer sciences
Computer sciences
Mathematics/statistics
Medical/other life sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Other physical sciences
Social/behavioral sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Political science/public administration
Number
441,743
98,824
3,974
7,110
13,503
29,282
8,362
5,181
15,609
15,803
342,919
227,020
10,823
63,727
11,589
1,132
5,825
2,197
2,435
49,083
16,885
32,198
57,617
23,108
34,509
34,181
1,348
19,682
12,771
380
111,942
40,373
71,569
6,462
13,329
653
2,386
25,970
Percent
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Research assistantship
Number
120,008
39,602
1,708
4,071
4,917
10,513
1,771
3,119
6,266
7,237
80,406
65,903
5,543
24,940
4,679
692
2,195
1,158
634
9,523
1,967
7,556
6,762
4,414
2,348
14,456
743
7,780
5,816
117
13,863
5,701
8,162
651
2,162
25
302
1,981
Percent
27.2
40.1
43.0
57.3
36.4
35.9
21.2
60.2
40.1
45.8
23.4
29.0
51.2
39.1
40.4
61.1
37.7
52.7
26.0
19.4
11.6
23.5
11.7
19.1
6.8
42.3
55.1
39.5
45.5
30.8
12.4
14.1
11.4
10.1
16.2
3.8
12.7
7.6
Fellowship
Number
38,115
7,777
319
834
952
1,617
433
498
1,319
1,805
30,338
18,113
721
6,980
1,259
42
662
243
312
3,598
1,711
1,887
2,659
1,387
1,272
2,896
244
1,532
1,087
33
11,599
2,044
9,555
1,333
1,833
175
440
3,070
Percent
8.6
7.9
8.0
11.7
7.1
5.5
5.2
9.6
8.5
11.4
8.8
8.0
6.7
11.0
10.9
3.7
11.4
11.1
12.8
7.3
10.1
5.9
4.6
6.0
3.7
8.5
18.1
7.8
8.5
8.7
10.4
5.1
13.4
20.6
13.8
26.8
18.4
11.8
Traineeship
Number
12,799
885
36
90
103
43
45
31
132
405
11,914
10,007
31
6,322
68
6
28
6
28
313
139
174
2,841
1,356
1,485
432
5
284
133
10
1,862
1,072
790
64
101
2
21
325
Percent
2.9
0.9
0.9
1.3
0.8
0.1
0.5
0.6
0.8
2.6
3.5
4.4
0.3
9.9
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.3
1.1
0.6
0.8
0.5
4.9
5.9
4.3
1.3
0.4
1.4
1.0
2.6
1.7
2.7
1.1
1.0
0.8
0.3
0.9
1.3
Teaching assistantship
Number
78,317
12,228
503
849
1,791
3,814
1,017
438
2,464
1,352
66,089
43,881
1,406
9,883
2,735
208
1,800
361
366
13,386
8,651
4,735
3,543
1,606
1,937
12,928
278
8,063
4,530
57
21,713
6,649
15,064
1,891
3,716
239
726
3,267
Percent
17.7
12.4
12.7
11.9
13.3
13.0
12.2
8.5
15.8
8.6
19.3
19.3
13.0
15.5
23.6
18.4
30.9
16.4
15.0
27.3
51.2
14.7
6.1
6.9
5.6
37.8
20.6
41.0
35.5
15.0
19.4
16.5
21.0
29.3
27.9
36.6
30.4
12.6
Other
Number
29,791
5,344
283
249
776
1,473
794
202
783
784
24,447
14,958
520
4,031
468
33
205
77
153
3,005
639
2,366
6,049
2,459
3,590
885
26
530
292
37
9,112
3,489
5,623
436
979
50
149
2,331
Percent
6.7
5.4
7.1
3.5
5.7
5.0
9.5
3.9
5.0
5.0
7.1
6.6
4.8
6.3
4.0
2.9
3.5
3.5
6.3
6.1
3.8
7.3
10.5
10.6
10.4
2.6
1.9
2.7
2.3
9.7
8.1
8.6
7.9
6.7
7.3
7.7
6.2
9.0
Self-supporta
Number
Percent
162,713
36.8
32,988
33.4
1,125
28.3
1,017
14.3
4,964
36.8
11,822
40.4
4,302
51.4
893
17.2
4,645
29.8
4,220
26.7
129,725
37.8
74,158
32.7
2,602
24.0
11,571
18.2
2,380
20.5
151
13.3
935
16.1
352
16.0
942
38.7
19,258
39.2
3,778
22.4
15,480
48.1
35,763
62.1
11,886
51.4
23,877
69.2
2,584
7.6
52
3.9
1,493
7.6
913
7.1
126
33.2
53,793
48.1
21,418
53.1
32,375
45.2
2,087
32.3
4,538
34.0
162
24.8
748
31.3
14,996
57.7
Appendix table 2-5

Full-time S&E graduate students, by field and mechanism of primary support: 2009
All mechanisms
Field
Sociology
Other social sciences
Multidisciplinary/Interdisciplinary fields
Number
7,307
15,462
3,957
Percent
100.0
100.0
100.0
Research assistantship
Number
1,058
1,983
640
Percent
14.5
12.8
16.2
Fellowship
Number
1,037
1,667
626
Percent
14.2
10.8
15.8
Traineeship
Number
177
100
45
Percent
2.4
0.6
1.1
Teaching assistantship
Number
2,526
2,699
495
Percent
34.6
17.5
12.5
Other
Number
481
1,197
377
Percent
6.6
7.7
9.5
Self-supporta
Number
Percent
2,028
27.8
7,816
50.5
1,774
44.8
aIncludes any
loans (including federal) and support from personal or family financial contributions.
sciences, social/behavioral sciences, and multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies.
cIncludes neuroscience.
bIncludes natural
NOTES: Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding. S&E excludes fields that were collected in this survey (architecture, communication, and family and consumer sciences/human sciences) that are not included in other
tables in this report and from other data sources.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System
Appendix table 2-6

Full-time S&E graduate students primarily supported by federal government, by field and mechanism of primary support: 2009
(Percent)
Field
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Sciencea
Natural sciences
Biological sciencesb
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Other geosciences
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary
aIncludes natural
All mechanisms
18.4
23.0
33.9
29.8
14.7
21.4
12.0
39.0
23.2
27.9
17.1
22.5
20.1
34.2
26.8
46.5
22.8
39.1
16.1
14.6
16.3
11.2
10.1
14.9
6.9
32.5
43.3
29.8
35.9
16.6
6.2
8.5
4.9
6.6
5.8
2.5
7.1
2.8
7.0
5.7
9.8
Research
assistantship
48.6
48.0
60.5
44.0
33.7
53.6
39.6
57.5
48.8
46.2
49.0
54.0
33.7
55.0
55.8
70.8
49.9
63.4
46.2
57.2
56.9
58.4
35.0
39.6
26.3
66.1
65.4
64.9
68.4
38.5
25.6
31.9
21.2
28.0
22.9
0.0
30.5
12.3
26.3
22.1
34.5
Fellowship
22.5
26.0
32.6
26.5
20.1
21.2
13.6
31.1
29.5
31.1
21.8
28.8
24.8
34.7
24.9
26.2
23.6
36.6
18.3
22.9
20.7
25.0
23.7
27.3
19.8
29.4
33.2
27.1
32.6
3.0
10.7
18.6
9.0
11.6
8.0
8.0
8.9
6.2
42.0
32.0
16.5
Traineeship
63.0
64.5
22.2
92.2
12.6
79.1
97.8
93.5
25.8
80.5
63.0
68.5
67.7
71.3
64.7
100.0
35.7
66.7
85.7
55.3
35.6
79.9
63.2
64.8
61.7
72.2
100.0
72.2
69.2
100.0
33.6
39.6
25.6
15.6
22.8
50.0
42.9
7.1
57.6
34.0
37.8
Teaching
assistantship
1.6
2.2
5.6
1.9
2.5
1.6
2.5
4.8
1.7
2.5
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
5.3
1.6
0.6
1.4
1.3
1.0
1.5
1.3
1.9
0.8
2.0
0.7
1.7
2.7
5.3
1.2
1.4
1.1
0.6
0.4
0.0
1.5
1.8
0.8
2.0
0.0
bIncludes neuroscience.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and
Engineering, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System (WebCASPAR), http://webcaspar.nsf.gov.
Other
2.6
2.3
12.3
0.9
1.4
1.4
3.3
2.1
2.0
2.8
2.6
3.1
2.8
6.1
3.0
4.3
3.1
6.8
1.2
2.4
2.6
1.7
2.3
2.8
2.1
3.3
12.8
3.2
3.1
2.5
2.0
2.9
1.4
2.8
1.6
0.5
2.0
1.2
1.0
1.3
2.1
Appendix table 2-7

Full-time S&E graduate students primarily supported by federal government, by field and agency: 2009
Field
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Sciencea
Natural sciences
Earth, atmospheric, and ocean
sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Other geosciences
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Political science/public
administration
Total
Total Percent
81,205
100.0
22,763
100.0
1,346
100.0
2,121
100.0
1,984
100.0
6,259
100.0
1,000
100.0
3,629
100.0
2,020
100.0
4,404
100.0
58,442
100.0
51,113
100.0
2,179
100.0
21,772
100.0
National Institutes
of Health
Number Percent
26,443
32.6
2,762
12.1
13
1.0
263
12.4
35
1.8
397
6.3
80
8.0
199
5.5
82
4.1
1,693
38.4
23,681
40.5
21,910
42.9
53
2.4
16,184
74.3
Health and Human

Services
(excluding NIH)
Number Percent
2,183
2.7
187
0.8
0
0.0
41
1.9
19
1.0
32
0.5
23
2.3
22
0.6
3
0.1
47
1.1
1,996
3.4
1,697
3.3
17
0.8
421
1.9
National Science
Foundation
Number Percent
21,617
26.6
7,625
33.5
143
10.6
913
43.0
637
32.1
2,714
43.4
310
31.0
1,258
34.7
768
38.0
882
20.0
13,992
23.9
12,499
24.5
266
12.2
2,381
10.9
Department of
Defense
Number Percent
8,653
10.7
5,219
22.9
588
43.7
187
8.8
193
9.7
2,046
32.7
327
32.7
967
26.6
398
19.7
513
11.6
3,434
5.9
3,087
6.0
23
1.1
455
2.1
Department of
Agriculture
Number Percent
2,689
3.3
282
1.2
0
0.0
54
2.5
44
2.2
11
0.2
11
1.1
16
0.4
16
0.8
130
3.0
2,407
4.1
2,076
4.1
1,110
50.9
772
3.5
National
Aeronautics and
Space
Administration
Number Percent
2,426
3.0
1,123
4.9
434
32.2
31
1.5
98
4.9
204
3.3
30
3.0
213
5.9
32
1.6
81
1.8
1,303
2.2
1,213
2.4
41
1.9
55
0.3
Department of
Energy
Number Percent
4,603
5.7
2,061
9.1
43
3.2
373
17.6
108
5.4
226
3.6
55
5.5
386
10.6
346
17.1
524
11.9
2,542
4.3
2,509
4.9
58
2.7
202
0.9
Other federal
Sources
Number Percent
12,591
15.5
3,504
15.4
125
9.3
259
12.2
850
42.8
629
10.0
164
16.4
568
15.7
375
18.6
534
12.1
9,087
15.5
6,122
12.0
611
28.0
1,302
6.0
3,102
526
1,326
858
392
7,149
5,254
1,895
5,808
3,435
2,373
11,103
584
5,874
4,582
63
6,943
3,443
3,500
427
771
16
169
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
24
4
6
4
10
490
307
183
2,936
2,207
729
2,223
7
1,982
218
16
1,700
1,382
318
31
55
0
11
0.8
0.8
0.5
0.5
2.6
6.9
5.8
9.7
50.6
64.3
30.7
20.0
1.2
33.7
4.8
25.4
24.5
40.1
9.1
7.3
7.1
0.0
6.5
12
0
2
0
10
56
34
22
1,037
431
606
154
0
139
12
3
295
206
89
10
4
0
0
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.0
2.6
0.8
0.6
1.2
17.9
12.5
25.5
1.4
0.0
2.4
0.3
4.8
4.2
6.0
2.5
2.3
0.5
0.0
0.0
1,465
192
771
371
131
4,026
2,883
1,143
169
113
56
4,192
264
2,041
1,875
12
1,359
411
948
200
154
8
97
47.2
36.5
58.1
43.2
33.4
56.3
54.9
60.3
2.9
3.3
2.4
37.8
45.2
34.7
40.9
19.0
19.6
11.9
27.1
46.8
20.0
50.0
57.4
100
21
18
52
9
1,364
1,216
148
238
130
108
907
7
448
440
12
325
138
187
4
37
1
2
3.2
4.0
1.4
6.1
2.3
19.1
23.1
7.8
4.1
3.8
4.6
8.2
1.2
7.6
9.6
19.0
4.7
4.0
5.3
0.9
4.8
6.3
1.2
50
11
13
9
17
28
12
16
81
74
7
35
7
26
2
0
316
6
310
3
242
0
0
1.6
2.1
1.0
1.0
4.3
0.4
0.2
0.8
1.4
2.2
0.3
0.3
1.2
0.4
0.0
0.0
4.6
0.2
8.9
0.7
31.4
0.0
0.0
444
151
197
38
58
97
76
21
3
0
3
573
186
81
295
11
87
6
81
0
6
0
0
14.3
28.7
14.9
4.4
14.8
1.4
1.4
1.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
5.2
31.8
1.4
6.4
17.5
1.3
0.2
2.3
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
145
35
82
17
11
194
143
51
14
11
3
1,896
69
603
1,221
3
27
0
27
2
13
0
1
4.7
6.7
6.2
2.0
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.7
0.2
0.3
0.1
17.1
11.8
10.3
26.6
4.8
0.4
0.0
0.8
0.5
1.7
0.0
0.6
862
112
237
367
146
894
583
311
1,330
469
861
1,123
44
554
519
6
2,834
1,294
1,540
177
260
7
53
27.8
21.3
17.9
42.8
37.2
12.5
11.1
16.4
22.9
13.7
36.3
10.1
7.5
9.4
11.3
9.5
40.8
37.6
44.0
41.5
33.7
43.8
31.4
728
100.0
11
1.5
20
2.7
150
20.6
98
13.5
1.0
0.1
0.1
440
60.4
Appendix table 2-7

Full-time S&E graduate students primarily supported by federal government, by field and agency: 2009
Field
Sociology
Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary
studies
Total
Total Percent
512
100.0
877
100.0
386
100.0
National Institutes
of Health
Number Percent
151
29.5
59
6.7
71
18.4
Health and Human

Services
(excluding NIH)
Number Percent
29
5.7
21
2.4
4
1.0
National Science
Foundation
Number Percent
153
29.9
186
21.2
134
34.7
Department of
Defense
Number Percent
12
2.3
33
3.8
22
5.7
Department of
Agriculture
Number Percent
33
6.4
25
2.9
15
3.9
National
Aeronautics and
Space
Administration
Number Percent
0
0.0
74
8.4
3
0.8
Department of
Energy
Number Percent
3
0.6
7
0.8
6
1.6
Other federal
Sources
Number Percent
131
25.6
472
53.8
131
33.9
NA = not available
aIncludes natural
NOTES: S&E excludes fields that were collected in this survey (architecture, communication, and family and consumer sciences/human sciences) that are not included in other tables in this report and from other data sources.
Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding.
Appendix table 2-8

Primary support mechanisms for S&E doctorate recipients, by citizenship, sex, and race/ethnicity: 2009
Support mechanism
All mechanisms
Number
Percent
Research assistantshipsa
Number
Percent
Fellowships or traineeships
Number
Percent
Teaching assistantships
Number
Percent
Grant/stipend
Number
Percent
U.S. citizens and permanent residents

Underrepresented
minority
Female
White
Asian
All doctorate
recipients
Temporary
residents
Unknown
citizenship
Total
Male
35,564
100.0
12,617
100.0
1,724
100.0
21,223
100.0
10,979
100.0
10,243
100.0
15,925
100.0
2,111
100.0
2,818
100.0
369
100.0
11,799
33.2
6,282
49.8
63
3.7
5,454
25.7
3,206
29.2
2,248
21.9
4,264
26.8
686
32.5
446
15.8
58
15.7
7,779
21.9
1,873
14.8
24
1.4
5,882
27.7
2,874
26.2
3,008
29.4
4,181
26.3
551
26.1
1,079
38.3
71
19.2
5,412
15.2
2,279
18.1
24
1.4
3,109
14.6
1,690
15.4
1,419
13.9
2,498
15.7
277
13.1
288
10.2
46
12.5
2,084
5.9
442
3.5
11
0.6
1,631
7.7
842
7.7
789
7.7
1,243
7.8
183
8.7
186
6.6
19
5.1
3,615
10.2
339
2.7
29
1.7
3,247
15.3
1,310
11.9
1,936
18.9
2,484
15.6
208
9.9
517
18.3
38
10.3
1,104
3.1
356
2.8
6
0.3
742
3.5
469
4.3
273
2.7
567
3.6
82
3.9
84
3.0
9
2.4
3,771
10.6
1,046
8.3
1,567
90.9
1,158
5.5
588
5.4
570
5.6
688
4.3
124
5.9
218
7.7
128
34.7
Personalb
Number
Percent
Otherc
Number
Percent
Unknown
Number
Percent
Other/unknown
race/ethnicity
aResearch assistantships
and other assistantships.

other personal earnings in graduate school, other family earnings or savings, and loans.
cEmployer reimbursement or assistance, foreign support, and other sources.
bPersonal savings,
NOTES: S&E includes health fields (i.e., medical sciences and other life sciences). Total includes unknown sex. Underrepresented minority includes blacks, Hispanics, American Indians/Alaska
Natives, Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders, and multiple races/ethnicities. Traineeships include internship and residency. Percentages may not add up to 100% because of rounding.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates, special tabulations (2010).
$SSHQGL[WDEOH
Amount of undergraduate and graduate debt of S&E doctorate recipients, by field: 2009
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Appendix table 2-10

Enrollment in higher education, by Carnegie institution type: 19942009
Year
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Doctorate-granting Doctorate-granting
universities
universities
very high research
high research
activity
activity
All institutions
14,449,476
2,343,460
1,411,552
14,445,438
2,348,186
1,411,067
14,550,056
2,347,141
1,399,692
14,680,488
2,356,066
1,411,192
14,711,280
2,382,444
1,422,416
15,506,922
2,424,538
1,456,265
16,129,629
2,483,646
1,498,395
16,822,915
2,558,455
1,549,097
17,118,126
2,593,906
1,570,377
17,492,964
2,604,610
1,585,134
17,710,640
2,620,649
1,588,398
17,985,045
2,651,949
1,605,968
18,474,977
2,691,983
1,635,212
19,338,981
2,748,682
1,665,347
20,671,503
2,809,366
1,716,850
Doctoral/
research
universities
622,379
623,565
626,749
624,604
631,993
658,945
699,770
744,014
791,639
858,975
878,479
936,791
1,013,667
1,124,796
1,232,683
Masters
colleges/ Baccalaureate
colleges
universities
3,170,172
3,181,959
3,201,713
3,238,546
3,265,398
3,399,572
3,532,674
3,698,420
3,794,568
3,896,576
4,054,952
4,113,448
4,217,378
4,419,503
4,654,128
1,029,595
1,041,713
1,056,497
1,071,261
1,088,817
1,122,229
1,158,437
1,200,357
1,225,664
1,248,869
1,265,883
1,272,765
1,284,559
1,340,159
1,415,770
Associates
colleges
Medical schools/
medical centers
Schools of
engineering
Other
special-focus
institutions
5,148,257
5,097,400
5,216,221
5,275,806
5,255,489
5,754,706
6,114,038
6,434,322
6,495,391
6,620,235
6,650,443
6,745,500
6,961,269
7,383,879
8,170,740
73,069
74,364
75,914
76,861
76,653
76,973
78,162
80,595
82,081
87,260
90,647
93,438
96,616
101,675
106,789
14,865
14,672
14,342
14,335
13,717
14,839
15,338
15,903
16,289
16,169
16,373
16,952
17,182
17,250
17,623
230,224
233,949
250,500
265,453
278,603
311,261
329,201
355,717
379,286
414,291
435,219
450,137
464,565
484,185
521,164
Tribal colleges
9,619
9,798
16,390
12,734
13,273
13,680
13,996
15,468
17,776
17,605
17,167
17,255
17,418
17,014
19,686
Not classified
396,284
408,765
344,897
333,630
282,477
273,914
205,972
170,567
151,149
143,240
92,430
80,842
75,128
36,491
6,704
NOTES: Data not available for 1999. Data from 1994 and 1995 based on accredited higher education institutions. Data from 1996 to 2009 based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial
aid programs. Carnegie institution type corresponds to the 2010 classification.
SOURCES: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Fall Enrollment Survey (various years); and National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering
Statistics, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System (WebCASPAR), http://webcaspar.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 2-11

Projections of U.S. population ages 2024 years, by sex and race/ethnicity: 201050
(Thousands)
Sex
Both sexes
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
All races/ethnicities
Number
Percent
Non-Hispanic white
Number
Percent
Non-Hispanic Asian
Number
Percent
Non-Hispanic black
Number
Percent
Hispanic
Number
Percent
Non-Hispanic other
race/ethnicity
Number
Percent
21,779
22,342
21,799
23,168
24,191
25,408
26,408
27,272
28,171
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13,049
12,499
11,561
11,676
11,714
11,852
11,818
11,553
11,247
59.9
55.9
53.0
50.4
48.4
46.6
44.8
42.4
39.9
912
1,015
1,111
1,260
1,370
1,451
1,543
1,665
1,809
4.2
4.5
5.1
5.4
5.7
5.7
5.8
6.1
6.4
3,170
3,255
2,930
2,972
3,045
3,203
3,258
3,263
3,268
14.6
14.6
13.4
12.8
12.6
12.6
12.3
12.0
11.6
4,010
4,873
5,441
6,390
7,089
7,820
8,614
9,527
10,483
18.4
21.8
25.0
27.6
29.3
30.8
32.6
34.9
37.2
638
700
756
870
973
1,081
1,176
1,265
1,364
2.9
3.1
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.8
Male
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
11,100
11,378
11,072
11,749
12,266
12,878
13,379
13,810
14,259
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
6,666
6,379
5,892
5,942
5,961
6,032
6,014
5,878
5,721
60.1
56.1
53.2
50.6
48.6
46.8
45.0
42.6
40.1
450
497
532
608
665
705
750
809
880
4.1
4.4
4.8
5.2
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.9
6.2
1,595
1,638
1,472
1,490
1,527
1,607
1,634
1,636
1,639
14.4
14.4
13.3
12.7
12.4
12.5
12.2
11.8
11.5
2,066
2,513
2,794
3,266
3,617
3,984
4,382
4,842
5,323
18.6
22.1
25.2
27.8
29.5
30.9
32.8
35.1
37.3
322
352
382
443
495
551
599
645
696
2.9
3.1
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.9
Female
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
10,680
10,963
10,728
11,419
11,926
12,530
13,029
13,462
13,913
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
6,383
6,120
5,669
5,734
5,753
5,821
5,804
5,675
5,526
59.8
55.8
52.8
50.2
48.2
46.5
44.5
42.2
39.7
462
519
579
652
705
746
794
856
929
4.3
4.7
5.4
5.7
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.4
6.7
1,575
1,617
1,458
1,482
1,518
1,597
1,624
1,627
1,629
14.7
14.8
13.6
13.0
12.7
12.7
12.5
12.1
11.7
1,944
2,360
2,647
3,124
3,472
3,836
4,231
4,685
5,160
18.2
21.5
24.7
27.4
29.1
30.6
32.5
34.8
37.1
316
348
374
427
477
530
576
620
669
3.0
3.2
3.5
3.7
4.0
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.8
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Hispanics may be of any race. Other race/ethnicity includes American Indians/Alaska Natives, Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders, and multiple
races/identities.
SOURCES: Census Bureau, Population Division, Projections of the Population by Age and Sex for the United States: 2010 to 2050 (NP2008-T12).
Appendix table 2-12

Freshmen intending S&E major, by field, sex, and race/ethnicity: 19952010
(Percent)
Field, sex, and race/ethnicity
All intending S&E major
Physical sciences
Biological/agricultural sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
Male
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
Female
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
White/Caucasian
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
Male
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
Female
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
Asian American/Asiana
Physical sciences
1995
32.4
2.3
9.4
0.7
3.0
8.9
8.1
39.2
2.8
9.2
0.8
5.1
6.7
14.6
27.1
1.8
9.6
0.7
1.3
11.0
2.7
31.2
2.5
9.3
0.7
2.5
8.7
7.5
38.1
2.9
9.1
0.9
4.6
6.9
13.7
25.4
2.0
9.2
0.7
0.7
10.5
2.3
41.2
1.9
13.2
0.6
1996
34.2
2.1
9.3
0.7
3.6
8.9
9.6
42.2
2.6
8.8
0.7
6.3
6.5
17.3
27.9
1.8
9.7
0.6
1.5
11.0
3.3
32.7
2.1
9.3
0.7
3.0
8.7
8.9
40.8
2.7
8.9
0.8
5.6
6.6
16.2
26.0
1.6
9.4
0.7
0.9
10.5
2.9
48.2
2.0
13.1
0.5
1997
34.2
2.1
9.1
0.7
4.1
8.5
9.7
42.4
2.7
8.4
0.7
7.1
6.3
17.2
27.7
1.6
9.7
0.7
1.7
10.5
3.5
32.8
2.4
8.7
0.7
3.5
8.5
9.0
41.1
3.0
8.3
0.7
6.4
6.2
16.5
25.9
1.8
9.3
0.7
1.0
10.1
3.0
45.8
1.6
12.0
0.5
1998
32.0
1.8
8.1
0.6
4.6
8.7
8.2
39.1
2.2
7.4
0.7
7.9
6.2
14.7
26.4
1.5
8.8
0.6
1.9
10.9
2.7
30.6
1.9
7.9
0.7
3.8
8.4
7.9
38.8
2.5
7.7
0.7
7.1
6.0
14.8
24.2
1.5
8.4
0.7
1.1
10.1
2.4
45.4
2.0
11.8
0.5
1999
33.7
1.9
8.2
0.6
5.1
8.9
9.0
42.4
2.4
7.3
0.7
9.1
6.4
16.5
26.8
1.5
9.0
0.6
1.8
11.0
2.9
31.8
2.0
8.0
0.7
4.1
8.5
8.5
40.1
2.4
7.3
0.7
7.7
6.3
15.7
24.8
1.6
8.8
0.6
1.1
10.3
2.4
48.3
1.5
11.2
0.5
2000
33.1
1.8
7.5
0.7
5.2
9.2
8.7
41.4
2.3
6.5
0.8
9.3
6.6
15.9
26.2
1.5
7.9
0.6
1.9
11.3
3.0
30.7
2.0
6.7
0.7
4.3
8.7
8.3
39.8
2.5
6.2
0.9
8.2
6.6
15.4
24.0
1.5
7.7
0.6
1.1
10.6
2.5
45.3
1.4
10.5
0.6
2001
33.5
1.9
7.5
0.7
4.7
9.6
9.1
42.2
2.4
6.5
0.7
8.8
7.1
16.7
26.7
1.5
8.3
0.6
1.6
11.7
3.0
31.8
2.1
7.1
0.7
4.0
9.0
8.9
41.0
2.5
6.3
0.7
7.7
7.0
16.8
24.1
1.5
7.6
0.6
0.8
11.1
2.5
43.2
1.7
10.5
0.7
2002
33.5
2.0
7.8
0.7
3.1
10.4
9.5
41.2
2.4
6.6
0.8
6.0
7.5
17.9
26.7
1.6
8.5
0.7
0.9
12.0
3.0
31.3
2.1
7.1
0.8
2.8
9.3
9.2
39.8
2.8
6.4
0.9
5.5
7.2
17.0
23.8
1.5
7.6
0.7
0.5
11.0
2.5
43.8
1.9
12.2
0.9
2003
32.6
2.0
7.7
0.7
2.4
10.5
9.3
39.6
2.5
6.7
0.9
4.7
7.7
17.1
26.2
1.7
8.5
0.6
0.5
12.0
2.9
30.1
2.1
6.5
0.8
2.3
9.5
8.9
38.5
2.8
6.0
0.9
4.7
7.7
16.4
23.8
1.6
7.4
0.7
0.4
11.2
2.5
44.5
2.2
15.0
0.9
2004
33.1
2.3
8.3
0.7
2.0
10.2
9.6
40.8
2.9
7.4
1.0
4.1
7.5
17.9
26.3
1.9
9.0
0.6
0.4
11.5
2.9
30.2
2.3
7.1
0.8
1.9
9.1
9.0
38.9
3.0
6.7
1.0
3.9
7.3
17.0
23.8
1.9
7.7
0.7
0.3
10.6
2.6
46.1
2.3
16.8
0.9
2005
30.9
2.8
8.1
0.8
1.2
9.6
8.4
37.0
2.7
7.2
0.9
3.1
7.5
15.6
27.0
1.9
8.7
0.7
0.8
12.3
2.6
29.1
2.4
7.1
0.8
1.5
9.3
8.0
36.1
3.0
6.7
1.0
3.0
7.5
14.9
23.1
1.8
7.3
0.7
0.3
11.0
2.0
42.3
2.2
15.8
0.9
2006
32.0
2.3
8.8
0.8
1.6
10.5
8.0
37.9
2.8
8.1
0.9
3.0
8.6
14.5
27.2
2.0
9.6
0.6
0.4
12.1
2.5
29.6
2.5
7.6
0.8
1.5
9.5
7.7
36.6
3.0
7.2
1.0
3.0
8.1
14.3
24.0
1.9
8.0
0.7
0.3
10.9
2.2
45.7
2.7
18.5
1.0
2007
31.9
2.4
9.1
0.8
1.7
10.4
7.5
37.3
2.9
8.2
1.0
3.4
8.1
13.7
27.7
2.0
9.7
0.7
0.4
12.3
2.6
29.3
2.5
7.7
0.8
1.6
9.5
7.2
35.8
3.3
7.3
1.0
3.2
7.9
13.1
24.7
2.0
8.3
0.7
0.3
11.1
2.3
44.7
2.6
17.8
1.0
2008
34.7
2.4
9.8
0.8
1.5
10.9
9.3
41.1
3.1
8.8
1.0
3.0
8.2
17.0
29.5
2.1
10.4
0.7
0.4
12.8
3.1
32.9
2.6
8.6
0.9
1.4
9.8
9.6
40.2
3.3
8.0
1.0
2.8
7.8
17.3
26.2
2.0
9.0
0.7
0.3
11.3
2.9
46.6
2.8
17.7
1.0
2009
36.2
2.5
10.4
0.9
1.6
11.1
9.7
43.4
3.3
9.7
1.0
3.1
8.7
17.6
30.3
2.1
11.0
0.8
0.3
12.8
3.3
34.0
2.8
9.0
0.9
1.5
10.1
9.7
41.5
3.7
8.3
1.0
2.9
8.3
17.3
27.6
2.1
9.5
0.9
0.3
11.6
3.2
50.4
2.9
19.5
1.0
2010
38.4
2.7
11.6
0.9
1.5
11.4
10.3
44.1
3.4
10.0
1.1
2.9
8.8
17.9
33.3
2.2
12.4
0.7
0.4
13.6
4.0
37.0
2.8
10.8
0.9
1.4
10.6
10.5
43.8
3.6
10.0
1.1
2.7
8.4
18.0
31.1
2.4
11.2
0.8
0.3
12.4
4.0
49.0
3.0
18.3
1.2
Appendix table 2-12

(Percent)
Computer sciences
Engineering
Male
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
Female
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
African American/Black
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
Male
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
Female
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
Hispanic/Latinob
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
1995
5.3
6.8
13.4
50.3
2.5
12.5
0.6
8.2
4.4
22.1
32.9
1.5
14.0
0.6
2.6
9.2
5.0
35.7
1.6
8.8
0.7
6.3
9.6
8.7
40.6
1.7
7.9
0.8
8.5
6.1
15.6
32.8
1.4
9.5
0.7
5.0
11.7
4.5
37.8
1.2
8.6
0.3
3.3
12.5
11.9
1996
8.1
6.5
18.0
58.4
2.0
11.6
0.5
12.2
3.9
28.2
37.0
2.0
14.4
0.5
3.7
9.3
7.1
36.9
1.3
8.8
0.6
6.7
9.8
9.7
40.9
1.1
7.0
0.5
8.9
6.1
17.3
34.0
1.4
9.7
0.6
5.2
12.3
4.8
37.6
1.1
8.1
0.5
3.9
11.3
12.7
1997
8.2
6.3
17.2
58.7
2.0
10.5
0.6
12.8
4.6
28.2
34.0
1.5
13.6
0.5
3.6
8.1
6.7
39.0
1.3
9.3
0.7
7.3
10.1
10.3
45.1
1.4
8.3
0.6
10.2
6.8
17.8
34.4
1.1
9.7
0.8
5.3
12.3
5.2
37.9
1.4
9.0
0.4
3.8
11.7
11.6
1998
9.7
6.7
14.7
55.4
2.1
10.3
0.6
14.5
4.2
23.7
35.9
1.8
13.2
0.5
5.1
9.1
6.2
35.1
1.2
7.3
0.5
8.8
11.2
6.1
37.4
1.4
5.6
0.6
12.8
7.1
9.9
33.6
0.9
8.4
0.5
6.2
14.1
3.5
33.7
1.1
8.2
0.6
4.2
10.6
9.0
1999
13.3
6.4
15.4
60.4
1.6
9.0
0.6
19.8
4.5
24.9
35.8
1.2
13.4
0.4
6.7
8.1
6.0
37.1
1.0
8.0
0.6
8.5
11.3
7.7
42.0
1.2
6.1
0.5
13.5
7.4
13.3
34.5
1.1
9.2
0.6
5.4
13.9
4.3
37.0
1.0
8.3
0.5
4.2
11.1
11.9
2000
11.5
6.9
14.4
56.8
1.5
8.7
0.6
18.2
5.0
22.8
35.1
1.3
12.0
0.6
5.6
8.6
7.0
37.5
1.2
7.8
0.5
8.5
10.9
8.6
42.1
1.3
6.0
0.5
12.6
6.4
15.3
34.3
1.1
8.7
0.5
5.7
13.8
4.4
34.1
1.1
7.3
0.4
4.4
12.6
8.3
2001
9.6
7.0
13.7
54.6
1.7
8.5
0.7
15.7
5.4
22.6
33.0
1.5
12.1
0.6
4.3
8.5
6.0
35.0
1.0
7.7
0.3
7.5
12.3
6.2
37.5
1.0
5.6
0.3
12.3
7.3
11.0
33.3
1.1
9.0
0.3
4.4
15.2
3.3
34.4
1.2
7.6
0.5
4.1
11.6
9.4
2002
4.7
7.8
16.3
55.3
2.0
10.5
0.9
8.4
5.7
27.8
33.9
1.6
14.0
0.8
1.7
9.6
6.2
35.5
1.3
8.4
0.5
4.8
11.9
8.6
40.3
1.3
5.8
0.4
8.2
8.1
16.5
32.6
1.3
10.2
0.6
2.5
14.1
3.9
36.4
1.6
8.2
0.7
2.5
14.0
9.4
2003
3.1
8.4
14.9
53.6
2.3
13.4
1.1
5.4
6.2
25.2
36.6
1.9
16.7
0.7
1.1
10.5
5.7
33.6
1.3
8.6
0.4
3.5
12.1
7.7
36.4
1.3
5.5
0.7
6.2
7.8
14.9
31.4
1.4
10.2
0.3
1.8
14.5
3.2
35.8
1.6
8.1
0.8
2.2
13.6
9.5
2004
2.2
8.4
15.5
54.3
2.3
14.8
0.9
3.8
6.6
25.9
37.9
2.0
18.6
0.8
0.6
10.2
5.7
34.4
1.6
9.6
0.5
3.4
11.4
7.9
38.1
1.6
7.4
0.6
6.2
7.1
15.2
32.0
1.7
11.2
0.4
1.6
14.1
2.9
38.0
1.6
9.8
0.7
2.1
13.1
10.7
2005
1.5
8.1
13.8
49.6
2.6
14.4
0.9
2.8
5.9
23.0
36.0
2.2
17.4
0.7
0.4
10.2
5.1
32.1
1.8
8.7
0.5
2.7
11.5
6.9
34.3
1.8
6.6
0.5
5.0
7.2
13.2
30.3
1.7
10.0
0.5
1.1
14.1
2.9
34.2
1.4
8.0
0.8
1.1
13.5
9.4
2006
1.5
10.0
12.0
50.8
2.9
16.5
1.1
2.6
8.0
19.7
41.0
2.8
20.0
0.9
0.5
11.8
5.0
33.6
1.6
9.3
0.5
2.3
12.7
7.2
35.7
1.6
6.9
0.7
3.8
8.4
14.3
31.9
1.6
11.1
0.4
1.2
15.3
2.3
36.8
1.8
10.1
0.8
1.3
15.8
7.0
2007
2.0
9.0
12.3
50.6
2.8
16.0
1.3
3.5
7.1
19.9
39.4
2.4
19.7
0.8
0.7
10.6
5.2
33.8
1.5
9.7
0.6
2.9
12.8
6.3
34.6
1.8
7.0
0.5
4.9
8.2
12.2
33.8
1.5
11.6
0.6
1.4
16.1
2.6
34.8
1.4
9.5
0.8
1.4
14.6
7.1
2008
2.0
9.5
13.6
52.7
3.0
15.6
1.3
3.6
7.2
22.0
40.6
2.3
20.0
0.8
0.5
11.5
5.5
32.8
1.6
9.8
0.4
2.4
12.5
6.1
33.6
1.8
7.0
0.5
4.4
8.1
11.8
32.3
1.6
11.3
0.4
1.0
15.4
2.6
38.2
1.6
10.0
0.9
1.0
15.6
9.1
2009
1.9
10.0
15.1
56.7
3.2
17.6
1.1
3.1
8.1
23.6
44.1
2.6
21.1
0.8
0.8
11.6
7.2
35.7
1.8
11.2
0.5
2.4
13.3
6.5
37.1
1.5
9.0
0.6
4.2
9.4
12.4
34.5
2.0
12.7
0.4
1.1
15.9
2.4
39.7
1.8
11.0
0.7
1.0
15.3
9.9
2010
2.2
9.6
14.7
54.5
3.2
16.2
1.3
3.5
7.6
22.7
43.1
2.6
19.9
1.1
0.8
11.5
7.2
36.5
1.8
10.9
0.5
2.6
13.3
7.4
39.4
2.2
8.2
0.5
4.9
9.0
14.6
35.3
1.7
12.8
0.5
1.1
16.0
3.2
40.7
1.9
11.7
0.7
1.5
15.6
9.3
Appendix table 2-12

(Percent)
Male
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
Female
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
American Indian/Alaska Nativec
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
Male
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
Female
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
1995
43.8
1.6
6.7
0.3
5.3
8.2
21.7
32.5
0.9
10.2
0.4
1.5
16.1
3.4
26.8
1.1
8.9
0.1
2.3
8.8
5.6
37.5
1.6
10.8
0.2
3.6
8.5
12.8
22.0
0.8
9.7
0.0
1.5
9.1
0.9
1996
46.3
1.3
7.7
0.7
6.3
8.0
22.3
30.1
0.9
8.3
0.4
2.0
13.8
4.7
31.8
2.1
8.5
0.0
3.5
8.7
9.0
35.1
2.1
8.8
0.0
4.2
6.3
13.7
30.7
2.3
9.0
0.0
3.1
10.4
5.9
1997
44.8
1.7
7.9
0.4
6.7
6.9
21.2
33.1
1.4
10.0
0.3
1.6
15.6
4.2
31.2
3.0
5.6
0.2
7.3
9.7
5.4
41.8
3.7
7.3
0.3
9.0
9.4
12.1
27.2
2.6
6.9
0.1
6.3
9.9
1.4
1998
38.9
1.6
7.2
0.6
5.7
7.1
16.7
29.0
0.7
8.7
0.6
2.8
13.4
2.8
28.2
2.4
6.8
0.2
4.8
9.0
5.0
36.8
1.1
7.1
0.3
8.6
9.9
9.8
22.0
3.3
7.3
0.0
1.9
8.2
1.3
1999
45.3
1.0
6.7
0.6
7.5
7.1
22.4
29.8
0.7
9.7
0.4
1.6
14.1
3.3
33.5
1.1
10.6
0.5
5.0
11.8
4.5
43.0
1.5
11.3
1.0
9.1
11.8
8.3
28.0
0.8
11.8
0.2
1.8
11.8
1.6
2000
42.5
1.4
7.5
0.4
8.2
7.9
17.1
28.2
1.0
7.3
0.3
1.8
15.7
2.1
30.5
3.8
6.3
0.6
3.5
8.7
7.6
36.7
4.7
6.3
0.6
6.2
5.1
13.8
24.6
2.6
6.3
0.5
1.2
11.5
2.5
2001
42.8
1.4
6.8
0.7
7.8
7.9
18.2
28.4
1.1
8.1
0.4
1.5
14.6
2.7
34.2
1.8
7.7
0.9
5.4
9.3
9.1
44.3
1.8
7.5
0.0
11.0
6.4
17.6
27.5
1.7
8.9
1.6
1.0
11.7
2.6
2002
42.7
1.8
7.2
0.8
5.1
8.8
19.0
32.0
1.5
9.3
0.6
0.7
17.3
2.6
30.4
1.2
8.5
0.2
2.7
8.8
9.0
39.2
2.3
7.2
0.4
5.3
7.3
16.7
23.9
0.3
10.1
0.0
0.6
10.4
2.5
2003
41.8
2.1
6.3
0.9
4.5
8.8
19.2
31.9
1.1
9.6
0.7
0.5
17.1
2.9
29.9
1.1
7.0
0.2
2.7
12.5
6.4
35.7
0.4
7.1
0.0
6.4
8.0
13.8
25.9
1.6
7.5
0.3
0.0
15.4
1.1
2004
45.3
1.9
8.1
0.9
4.2
9.0
21.2
33.4
1.3
10.9
0.6
0.7
16.6
3.3
28.0
1.2
7.9
1.1
2.1
8.6
7.1
34.5
1.3
8.4
0.4
4.6
7.0
12.8
24.0
1.1
8.2
1.5
0.4
9.6
3.2
2005
39.4
1.4
6.6
0.9
2.6
8.0
19.9
30.6
1.1
8.8
0.7
0.1
17.3
2.6
31.8
1.9
12.1
0.7
2.6
8.3
6.2
34.8
2.0
13.2
0.5
3.4
4.0
11.7
29.9
1.9
11.5
0.9
1.9
12.1
1.6
2006
41.3
2.4
9.6
1.0
3.3
10.8
14.2
34.0
1.5
10.7
0.7
0.1
18.7
2.3
35.5
2.8
12.9
0.1
0.7
8.6
10.4
44.5
3.2
8.2
0.2
1.4
9.5
22.0
29.8
2.6
16.7
0.0
0.2
7.9
2.4
2007
38.8
1.6
9.1
0.8
2.8
9.8
14.7
32.2
1.3
9.8
0.7
0.5
17.9
2.0
35.8
2.0
10.6
1.9
2.2
9.9
9.2
46.8
2.8
11.8
3.3
4.4
6.9
17.6
29.0
1.5
10.6
1.0
0.7
11.8
3.4
2008
41.7
2.1
9.0
1.0
2.2
9.3
18.1
36.1
1.2
10.9
0.8
0.3
19.9
3.0
26.9
2.7
7.3
0.0
2.0
6.7
8.2
33.1
1.9
6.9
0.0
2.6
6.5
15.2
22.7
3.1
8.6
0.0
1.6
6.8
2.6
2009
47.2
2.6
10.9
0.8
2.1
11.2
19.6
35.3
1.5
11.4
0.7
0.3
18.2
3.2
24.6
1.4
8.2
0.4
1.7
8.1
4.8
30.1
0.6
10.4
0.7
3.2
7.2
8.0
21.5
2.0
7.5
0.2
0.6
8.9
2.3
2010
44.4
2.3
9.7
0.8
2.7
10.7
18.2
38.1
1.7
12.9
0.6
0.6
19.1
3.2
27.6
1.9
8.9
0.1
1.5
9.6
5.6
31.4
3.0
7.5
0.0
1.3
8.4
11.2
23.6
1.2
10.2
0.1
0.0
10.5
1.6
aIn 1997 the Asian American/Asian category was broken out into six categories: Chinese American/Chinese, Filipino American/Filipino, Japanese American/Japanese, Korean American/Korean, South East Asian American
(Vietnamese, Laotian, Cambodian, etc.), and other Asian American/Asian. In 1998 the Asian American/Asian category used in prior years was restored. In 2001 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander was added as a category under Asian
American/Asian.
bHispanic/Latino includes Mexican American/Chicano, Puerto Rican, and other Latino.
cThe category American Indian was changed to American Indian/Alaska Native in 2001.
NOTES: Physical sciences include physics; chemistry; astronomy; and earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences. Students may check more than one race/ethnicity, e.g., white and Hispanic.
SOURCE: Higher Education Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Survey of the American Freshman: National Norms, special tabulations (2011).
Appendix table 2-13

Freshmen intending to major in selected S&E fields, by sex and race/ethnicity: 19952010
(Percent)
Sex, race/ethnicity, and field
Male
Female
White/Caucasian
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
Asian American/Asiana
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
African American/Black
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
Hispanic/Latinob
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
American Indian/Alaska Nativec
Physical sciences
Computer sciences
Engineering
Other/unknown
Physical sciences
1995
54.4
45.6
1996
55.5
44.5
1997
55.6
44.4
1998
55.3
44.7
1999
56.1
43.9
2000
55.9
44.1
2001
55.7
44.3
2002
55.6
44.4
2003
54.8
45.2
2004
55.0
45.0
2005
53.6
46.4
2006
53.2
46.8
2007
52.1
47.9
2008
53.3
46.7
2009
53.8
46.2
2010
52.6
47.4
76.8
84.9
78.4
83.5
65.2
78.6
74.3
7.0
5.4
7.8
4.5
9.3
4.3
8.9
11.3
7.2
9.7
10.0
20.8
11.4
10.9
5.0
2.7
4.2
2.6
4.5
5.9
5.9
2.2
2.0
2.4
1.1
2.2
2.4
1.8
2.5
2.4
2.7
1.3
75.9
84.2
77.9
83.6
65.2
78.6
73.1
7.7
5.4
7.6
5.3
11.4
4.4
10.2
11.4
7.5
9.9
8.8
18.4
12.0
10.7
5.2
3.1
4.3
3.5
5.0
6.4
5.8
2.3
2.9
2.4
1.7
2.4
2.6
2.0
3.0
3.3
3.1
2.5
76.7
85.0
78.1
82.9
68.0
78.4
75.2
7.9
5.2
7.7
5.1
11.4
4.8
10.3
11.3
6.4
10.1
10.0
17.0
12.2
10.3
5.0
3.4
4.8
3.3
4.1
6.1
4.9
3.1
3.5
3.2
2.1
3.7
3.7
2.3
3.3
3.3
3.6
2.5
76.4
84.1
78.2
83.6
66.1
76.5
78.0
7.7
6.1
8.0
4.7
11.0
4.4
9.8
11.3
6.6
9.3
7.6
18.9
13.8
7.6
5.4
3.6
5.1
4.4
4.8
6.4
5.6
2.1
2.4
2.2
1.3
2.1
2.6
1.6
3.0
3.0
3.2
2.3
74.9
85.6
77.1
82.7
63.7
76.9
74.5
9.2
5.8
8.7
6.3
16.1
5.0
10.8
10.2
6.1
8.9
8.5
15.3
11.9
7.9
6.4
3.7
5.9
5.2
4.9
7.5
7.0
2.4
3.1
2.6
2.4
1.9
2.6
2.0
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.6
72.9
83.2
73.3
82.8
64.0
74.3
73.3
9.6
6.1
10.1
6.9
14.8
5.6
11.1
11.3
7.1
10.6
6.6
15.6
12.1
9.7
7.0
5.3
7.0
4.7
5.9
9.1
6.1
1.9
2.5
1.8
0.9
1.4
2.4
1.7
3.7
3.0
3.5
3.5
71.6
81.7
70.7
81.4
62.6
71.9
74.1
10.2
6.9
11.0
8.3
15.5
6.3
11.7
10.8
6.2
10.6
5.5
15.7
13.3
6.9
7.5
5.1
7.2
6.4
6.1
9.2
7.1
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.1
1.1
1.6
1.0
3.3
3.1
3.7
1.7
72.5
81.2
70.0
80.0
68.8
73.0
72.6
11.0
7.6
13.0
8.5
12.7
7.1
13.8
10.5
6.4
10.6
6.7
14.4
12.1
8.7
6.7
5.1
6.6
6.1
5.2
8.7
5.8
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.0
1.1
1.5
1.0
3.1
2.9
3.5
2.5
72.0
79.2
66.8
78.6
71.7
73.2
72.8
12.4
9.6
16.9
11.2
11.4
8.1
14.4
9.7
6.9
10.3
5.6
12.7
11.3
7.5
7.4
5.4
7.1
6.7
6.0
9.0
6.7
1.3
1.1
1.5
1.2
1.1
1.7
0.9
3.3
3.0
4.1
2.5
72.5
80.6
66.8
80.8
71.6
74.1
73.6
12.8
9.4
17.2
9.4
10.4
8.7
14.7
9.9
7.5
10.7
5.3
15.1
11.4
7.6
8.0
5.2
7.7
6.9
7.0
9.5
7.6
2.0
2.1
2.0
1.4
2.2
2.4
1.6
3.3
3.2
3.9
2.3
71.0
79.7
66.2
79.2
69.9
72.3
71.3
12.7
9.7
17.2
10.1
10.0
8.2
15.2
11.4
8.3
11.7
6.5
17.4
13.3
9.0
8.5
5.3
7.7
7.3
6.2
10.8
8.4
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.5
1.8
2.1
1.4
3.1
2.7
3.7
2.2
72.4
79.5
67.5
78.5
74.7
72.4
74.9
11.9
10.2
16.2
11.4
8.6
8.5
12.7
10.8
7.4
10.6
6.8
14.0
12.7
9.3
9.1
6.5
9.0
7.8
6.5
11.6
7.0
2.4
2.6
2.5
1.1
2.4
2.6
2.1
3.9
3.8
4.4
2.3
71.0
80.6
66.4
76.9
69.4
71.3
72.6
12.4
9.9
16.7
11.0
10.8
8.2
14.5
11.1
7.4
11.0
6.9
15.8
13.3
8.7
9.4
5.3
9.2
8.7
7.0
12.2
8.2
2.2
2.0
2.1
2.2
1.9
2.5
1.9
3.8
2.9
4.3
3.1
69.0
76.7
64.7
75.0
67.6
67.7
72.7
13.1
11.0
17.1
12.6
12.4
9.5
14.2
10.5
7.8
11.0
5.9
15.9
13.3
7.1
12.1
8.4
11.4
10.4
8.4
15.6
10.5
2.5
2.8
2.7
1.2
3.1
2.7
1.8
4.3
3.9
4.9
3.9
69.7
77.4
65.1
78.1
69.9
68.9
72.7
13.4
10.6
17.1
11.8
11.4
9.7
14.7
10.5
8.2
11.4
6.4
15.6
12.9
7.0
12.0
8.9
11.4
9.9
7.8
15.2
10.6
2.3
2.3
2.5
1.2
2.3
2.8
1.8
3.7
2.9
4.0
2.8
71.3
78.3
69.1
77.1
66.2
69.7
73.8
11.8
10.5
14.4
13.1
12.4
8.4
12.9
10.6
7.8
10.4
7.1
16.9
13.2
7.9
12.8
10.8
11.9
9.0
11.4
16.1
11.1
2.4
2.2
2.5
1.7
2.1
2.9
2.0
3.5
2.9
3.7
2.4
Appendix table 2-13

Freshmen intending to major in selected S&E fields, by sex and race/ethnicity: 19952010
(Percent)
Sex, race/ethnicity, and field
Computer sciences
Engineering
1995
2.2
2.5
2.5
1996
2.8
2.6
3.2
1997
2.9
3.2
3.2
1998
2.6
3.4
2.6
1999
4.0
4.0
3.6
2000
4.1
4.2
3.3
2001
3.4
3.5
2.9
2002
2.8
3.6
2.6
2003
2.0
3.6
2.6
2004
2.4
3.7
2.8
2005
2.5
3.5
2.4
2006
2.9
4.5
3.1
2007
3.0
4.3
3.1
2008
3.9
4.9
3.3
2009
3.1
4.3
3.1
aIn 1997 the Asian American/Asian category was broken out into six categories: Chinese American/Chinese, Filipino American/Filipino, Japanese American/Japanese, Korean American/Korean, South East Asian American
(Vietnamese, Laotian, Cambodian, etc.), and other Asian American/Asian. In 1998 the Asian American/Asian category used in prior years was restored. In 2001 Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander was added as a category under
Asian American/Asian.
bHispanic/Latino includes Mexican American/Chicano, Puerto Rican, and other Latino.
cThe category American Indian was changed to American Indian/Alaska Native in 2001.
NOTES: Physical sciences include physics; chemistry; astronomy; and earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences. Detail does not add to total because students may check more than one race/ethnicity, e.g., white and Hispanic.
SOURCE: Higher Education Research Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Survey of the American Freshman: National Norms, special tabulations (2011).
2010
3.6
4.0
2.8
Appendix table 2-14

Foreign undergraduate student enrollment in U.S. universities, by field and selected places of origin: November 2009 and 2010
Place of origin
November 2009
Total
China
South Korea
India
Saudi Arabia
Nepal
Canada
Japan
Malaysia
Vietnam
Nigeria
Mexico
Taiwan
Hong Kong
Turkey
Indonesia
Kenya
United Kingdom
Pakistan
Jamaica
Brazil
Other locations
November 2010
All locations
China
South Korea
India
Saudi Arabia
Nepal
Canada
Japan
Vietnam
Malaysia
Nigeria
Hong Kong
Mexico
Turkey
Taiwan
Indonesia
United Kingdom
Kenya
Brazil
Pakistan
Venezuela
Other locations total
All fields
S&E
Agricultural
sciences
Biological
sciences
Computer
sciences Engineering Mathematics
Physical
sciences Psychology
291,440
38,340
39,100
12,800
9,430
9,440
15,590
15,310
3,870
10,810
3,700
6,080
6,720
5,540
3,830
4,690
4,210
5,030
2,250
2,940
4,910
86,880
86,950
11,330
9,750
6,410
4,760
3,870
3,590
3,320
2,390
2,330
1,810
1,760
1,600
1,560
1,530
1,510
1,150
950
920
890
870
24,640
1,510
240
140
40
0
100
120
150
40
20
30
50
40
30
10
90
20
20
10
20
20
320
12,540
960
1,940
700
120
990
920
470
430
390
370
160
260
190
50
150
300
130
70
220
130
3,600
13,160
1,280
980
1,320
1,320
990
170
310
100
630
250
180
250
120
350
220
220
90
140
200
140
3,930
28,230
3,530
2,260
3,320
2,940
1,050
830
310
970
610
720
910
450
270
650
720
260
130
420
170
200
7,520
4,390
1,600
510
100
20
130
110
110
450
80
20
40
90
150
20
50
60
40
40
40
20
730
4,370
590
690
170
190
280
210
190
90
220
100
70
100
100
20
60
90
50
30
50
20
1,070
295,550
52,310
38,700
12,060
11,580
8,140
14,920
12,260
11,130
4,120
3,840
5,570
5,680
3,740
6,110
4,380
5,060
2,900
4,830
2,100
3,050
83,080
93,230
16,600
10,410
6,270
5,520
3,620
3,560
2,660
2,610
2,580
1,970
1,710
1,640
1,570
1,530
1,510
1,000
990
980
900
830
24,770
1,740
390
130
30
10
80
120
130
20
60
20
40
50
10
40
110
30
20
30
10
10
400
12,220
1,170
1,900
620
170
850
910
360
450
410
390
180
150
50
240
150
140
250
120
70
70
3,570
13,170
1,710
950
1,290
1,370
900
160
260
630
110
330
130
170
320
220
200
90
170
140
120
110
3,790
31,000
5,330
2,390
3,250
3,450
1,030
850
250
700
1,080
760
280
810
750
440
690
140
230
260
400
390
7,550
5,610
2,520
610
110
30
140
120
90
110
510
30
150
30
30
90
50
50
60
20
40
10
820
4,780
880
710
170
220
300
190
130
220
90
90
120
70
20
100
70
40
80
30
30
20
1,210
NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 10. Countries ordered by number of S&E students. Detail may not add to total due to rounding.
SOURCE: Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, Student and Exchange Visitor Information System database, special tabulations (2011).
Social
sciences
Non-S&E
5,290
460
690
140
20
50
430
470
150
30
50
140
110
210
60
80
50
170
20
70
90
1,800
17,470
2,680
2,560
620
150
270
820
1,300
160
350
280
230
310
490
370
160
150
330
200
120
260
5,660
204,480
27,000
29,350
6,390
4,670
5,570
11,990
12,000
1,480
8,480
1,890
4,310
5,120
3,980
2,290
3,180
3,050
4,080
1,320
2,050
4,030
62,240
5,410
650
760
140
30
50
420
340
40
130
60
230
140
60
100
60
170
40
90
30
80
1,790
19,310
3,950
2,970
670
230
270
790
1,100
440
200
280
580
220
340
310
190
350
150
290
210
150
5,640
202,320
35,720
28,290
5,780
6,060
4,520
11,360
9,610
8,530
1,540
1,870
3,870
4,040
2,170
4,580
2,880
4,060
1,910
3,840
1,200
2,210
58,310
Appendix table 2-15

Undergraduate enrollment in engineering and engineering technology programs: 19952009
Enrollment level
Engineering
Students
Full time
Freshman
Sophomore
Junior
Senior or fifth year
Part time
Students
Full time
First year
Second year
Other years associated
Bachelors of engineering
technologies third and later years
Part time
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
363,315
325,489
86,299
67,981
68,894
102,315
37,826
356,177
317,772
85,375
66,475
67,190
98,732
38,405
365,358
326,458
90,882
67,879
68,812
98,885
38,900
366,991
329,657
94,909
69,608
67,638
97,502
37,334
361,395
323,713
93,951
69,941
66,975
92,846
37,682
390,803
353,118
101,773
76,706
74,055
100,584
37,685
409,557
367,954
106,825
78,348
76,938
105,843
41,603
421,178
383,109
107,086
81,854
79,806
114,363
38,069
421,791
384,612
103,834
82,542
80,703
117,533
37,179
411,635
377,040
102,395
80,704
78,014
115,927
34,595
409,326
375,112
100,411
79,664
78,891
116,146
34,214
405,489
371,720
100,228
78,418
77,970
115,104
33,769
431,910
399,429
110,558
87,018
82,094
119,759
32,481
442,952
411,345
111,006
92,364
86,894
121,081
31,607
468,139
435,752
114,704
96,561
93,317
131,170
32,387
105,809
63,929
25,665
18,863
2,007
105,345
62,330
26,583
17,267
2,780
108,459
67,864
30,227
19,106
3,442
108,993
68,545
28,367
18,426
6,080
108,754
69,173
29,490
17,326
5,289
107,165
66,771
29,531
18,318
2,474
108,886
71,147
31,588
19,171
2,207
112,654
72,704
30,252
20,360
2,786
110,250
72,040
28,033
21,009
3,720
107,931
69,584
27,938
19,364
2,827
97,052
62,241
25,388
17,465
1,822
96,371
61,977
23,195
17,641
2,702
98,857
61,457
26,299
16,466
2,410
102,848
65,316
28,123
16,944
1,993
109,399
70,829
30,320
18,753
2,060
17,394
41,880
15,700
43,015
15,089
40,595
15,672
40,448
17,068
39,581
16,448
40,394
18,181
37,739
19,306
39,950
19,278
38,210
19,455
38,347
17,566
34,811
18,439
34,394
16,282
37,400
18,256
37,532
19,696
38,570
SOURCE: Engineering Workforce Commission, Engineering & Technology Enrollments, Fall 2009 American Association of Engineering Societies (2010).
Appendix table 2-16

Earned associates degrees, by sex and field: 200009
Sex and field
Both sexes
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Male
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
573,496
38,434
1,794
1
16
58
280
67
11
77
1,284
36,640
29,130
1,976
1,484
82
0
28
54
24,251
23,576
675
1,337
1
301
171
864
7,510
1,454
6,056
52
250
210
0
1,033
366
4,145
535,062
40,470
585,610
45,226
1,898
0
18
53
309
132
14
67
1,305
43,328
35,718
2,106
1,536
82
1
38
43
30,809
30,113
696
1,185
1
183
167
834
7,610
1,553
6,057
80
299
209
0
913
371
4,185
540,384
39,732
600,294
51,194
1,781
0
28
46
182
80
10
65
1,370
49,413
41,243
2,001
1,577
58
0
28
30
36,264
35,578
686
1,343
2
201
177
963
8,170
1,704
6,466
83
314
221
0
926
416
4,506
549,100
37,901
637,953
62,805
2,278
0
7
62
672
81
12
69
1,375
60,527
52,130
2,018
1,786
52
0
34
18
47,135
46,400
735
1,139
2
251
191
695
8,397
1,785
6,612
76
121
222
0
1,159
456
4,578
575,148
39,600
670,335
60,246
2,843
0
305
58
910
49
12
70
1,439
57,403
48,289
1,966
1,753
41
2
25
14
42,955
42,153
802
1,574
1
279
193
1,101
9,114
1,887
7,227
95
98
268
0
1,402
552
4,812
610,089
37,020
701,734
54,750
2,557
0
2
52
691
88
13
64
1,647
52,193
42,494
1,908
1,979
45
2
23
20
36,947
36,140
807
1,615
3
304
196
1,112
9,699
1,942
7,757
120
106
298
6
1,566
500
5,161
646,984
32,488
718,182
49,850
2,291
2
7
43
531
57
10
68
1,573
47,559
37,622
1,934
2,028
67
7
40
20
31,923
31,170
753
1,670
4
298
143
1,225
9,937
1,944
7,993
114
114
316
1
1,749
475
5,224
668,332
29,710
733,151
47,485
2,272
0
3
64
459
56
8
77
1,605
45,213
34,536
1,790
2,224
69
10
41
18
28,507
27,680
827
1,946
2
354
164
1,426
10,677
2,213
8,464
117
148
281
4
1,788
510
5,616
685,666
30,097
755,598
49,166
2,403
0
1
37
422
57
9
100
1,777
46,763
35,299
1,762
2,379
67
5
39
23
29,182
28,327
855
1,909
2
387
151
1,369
11,464
2,412
9,052
153
163
311
1
1,746
546
6,132
706,432
31,643
793,279
54,284
2,329
0
10
62
242
83
5
121
1,806
51,955
37,536
1,811
2,546
98
4
59
35
30,980
30,050
930
2,101
4
422
184
1,491
14,419
3,949
10,470
149
170
361
1
1,831
599
7,359
738,995
33,243
228,913
20,101
1,545
1
11
38
234,384
24,722
1,582
0
16
34
239,864
29,609
1,483
0
26
29
254,633
38,126
1,905
0
6
48
261,845
36,955
2,247
0
117
41
269,283
33,964
2,185
0
1
39
271,951
30,680
1,970
2
5
31
277,006
29,069
1,944
0
2
44
284,443
30,266
2,089
0
1
31
300,266
32,506
2,002
0
8
48
Appendix table 2-16

Sex and field
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Female
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
2000
250
52
10
69
1,114
18,556
16,356
1,185
496
45
0
12
33
14,011
13,603
408
619
1
126
94
398
2,200
326
1,874
21
56
116
0
251
89
1,341
208,812
34,511
2001
269
115
11
60
1,077
23,140
21,000
1,319
501
48
1
26
21
18,534
18,084
450
598
1
99
107
391
2,140
360
1,780
30
44
114
0
204
104
1,284
209,662
33,581
2002
144
74
9
56
1,145
28,126
25,834
1,237
500
37
0
17
20
23,362
22,916
446
698
1
108
109
480
2,292
370
1,922
28
63
90
0
225
111
1,405
210,255
32,084
2003
554
70
8
62
1,157
36,221
33,749
1,244
580
30
0
15
15
31,299
30,833
466
596
1
121
132
342
2,472
441
2,031
35
33
113
0
271
126
1,453
216,507
33,146
2004
766
43
10
66
1,204
34,708
32,187
1,257
608
21
1
12
8
29,417
28,914
503
884
1
125
134
624
2,521
434
2,087
26
40
141
0
286
130
1,464
224,890
31,393
2005
600
82
11
62
1,390
31,779
29,026
1,259
667
25
1
11
13
26,115
25,586
529
960
3
156
132
669
2,753
445
2,308
40
40
158
3
372
123
1,572
235,319
27,632
2006
475
48
7
65
1,337
28,710
25,889
1,194
702
38
4
24
10
22,965
22,482
483
990
4
153
117
716
2,821
446
2,375
26
36
178
0
367
134
1,634
241,271
25,295
2007
403
47
7
71
1,370
27,125
24,056
1,116
751
44
8
22
14
21,040
20,492
548
1,105
1
150
131
823
3,069
517
2,552
33
53
154
0
361
133
1,818
247,937
25,788
2008
387
50
8
91
1,521
28,177
24,826
1,127
741
34
2
18
14
21,818
21,243
575
1,106
2
183
118
803
3,351
554
2,797
44
59
165
0
386
142
2,001
254,177
27,183
2009
221
76
5
102
1,542
30,504
26,465
1,124
823
65
3
42
20
23,243
22,608
635
1,210
3
197
145
865
4,039
744
3,295
50
52
220
0
437
158
2,378
267,760
28,505
344,583
18,333
249
0
5
20
30
15
1
8
170
18,084
12,774
351,226
20,504
316
0
2
19
40
17
3
7
228
20,188
14,718
360,430
21,585
298
0
2
17
38
6
1
9
225
21,287
15,409
383,320
24,679
373
0
1
14
118
11
4
7
218
24,306
18,381
408,490
23,291
596
0
188
17
144
6
2
4
235
22,695
16,102
432,451
20,786
372
0
1
13
91
6
2
2
257
20,414
13,468
446,231
19,170
321
0
2
12
56
9
3
3
236
18,849
11,733
456,145
18,416
328
0
1
20
56
9
1
6
235
18,088
10,480
471,155
18,900
314
0
0
6
35
7
1
9
256
18,586
10,473
493,013
21,778
327
0
2
14
21
7
0
19
264
21,451
11,071
Appendix table 2-16

Sex and field
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
2000
791
988
37
0
16
21
10,240
9,973
267
718
0
175
77
466
5,310
1,128
4,182
31
194
94
0
782
277
2,804
326,250
5,959
2001
787
1,035
34
0
12
22
12,275
12,029
246
587
0
84
60
443
5,470
1,193
4,277
50
255
95
0
709
267
2,901
330,722
6,151
2002
764
1,077
21
0
11
10
12,902
12,662
240
645
1
93
68
483
5,878
1,334
4,544
55
251
131
0
701
305
3,101
338,845
5,817
2003
774
1,206
22
0
19
3
15,836
15,567
269
543
1
130
59
353
5,925
1,344
4,581
41
88
109
0
888
330
3,125
358,641
6,454
2004
709
1,145
20
1
13
6
13,538
13,239
299
690
0
154
59
477
6,593
1,453
5,140
69
58
127
0
1,116
422
3,348
385,199
5,627
2005
649
1,312
20
1
12
7
10,832
10,554
278
655
0
148
64
443
6,946
1,497
5,449
80
66
140
3
1,194
377
3,589
411,665
4,856
2006
740
1,326
29
3
16
10
8,958
8,688
270
680
0
145
26
509
7,116
1,498
5,618
88
78
138
1
1,382
341
3,590
427,061
4,415
2007
674
1,473
25
2
19
4
7,467
7,188
279
841
1
204
33
603
7,608
1,696
5,912
84
95
127
4
1,427
377
3,798
437,729
4,309
2008
635
1,638
33
3
21
9
7,364
7,084
280
803
0
204
33
566
8,113
1,858
6,255
109
104
146
1
1,360
404
4,131
452,255
4,460
2009
687
1,723
33
1
17
15
7,737
7,442
295
891
1
225
39
626
10,380
3,205
7,175
99
118
141
1
1,394
441
4,981
471,235
4,738
NOTES: Engineering technologies focused more on applied skills than on fundamental science and mathematics. Data are based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title
IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published data from Science and Engineering Indicators 2008 and earlier years that were based on accredited higher education
institutions.
SOURCES: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey; and National Science Foundation, National Center for Science
and Engineering Statistics, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System (WebCASPAR), http://webcaspar.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 2-17

Earned associates degrees, by citizenship, field, and race/ethnicity: 200009
Citizenship, field, and race/ethnicity
All citizenships and races/ethnicities
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
U.S. citizen/permanent resident
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
573,496
38,434
1,794
1
16
58
280
67
11
77
1,284
36,640
29,130
1,976
1,484
82
0
28
54
24,251
23,576
675
1,337
1
301
171
864
7,510
1,454
6,056
52
250
210
0
0
1,033
366
4,145
535,062
40,470
585,610
45,226
1,898
0
18
53
309
132
14
67
1,305
43,328
35,718
2,106
1,536
82
1
38
43
30,809
30,113
696
1,185
1
183
167
834
7,610
1,553
6,057
80
299
209
0
0
913
371
4,185
540,384
39,732
600,294
51,194
1,781
0
28
46
182
80
10
65
1,370
49,413
41,243
2,001
1,577
58
0
28
30
36,264
35,578
686
1,343
2
201
177
963
8,170
1,704
6,466
83
314
221
0
0
926
416
4,506
549,100
37,901
637,953
62,805
2,278
0
7
62
672
81
12
69
1,375
60,527
52,130
2,018
1,786
52
0
34
18
47,135
46,400
735
1,139
2
251
191
695
8,397
1,785
6,612
76
121
222
0
0
1,159
456
4,578
575,148
39,600
670,335
60,246
2,843
0
305
58
910
49
12
70
1,439
57,403
48,289
1,966
1,753
41
2
25
14
42,955
42,153
802
1,574
1
279
193
1,101
9,114
1,887
7,227
95
98
268
0
0
1,402
552
4,812
610,089
37,020
701,734
54,750
2,557
0
2
52
691
88
13
64
1,647
52,193
42,494
1,908
1,979
45
2
23
20
36,947
36,140
807
1,615
3
304
196
1,112
9,699
1,942
7,757
120
106
298
0
6
1,566
500
5,161
646,984
32,488
718,182
49,850
2,291
2
7
43
531
57
10
68
1,573
47,559
37,622
1,934
2,028
67
7
40
20
31,923
31,170
753
1,670
4
298
143
1,225
9,937
1,944
7,993
114
114
316
0
1
1,749
475
5,224
668,332
29,710
733,151
47,485
2,272
0
3
64
459
56
8
77
1,605
45,213
34,536
1,790
2,224
69
10
41
18
28,507
27,680
827
1,946
2
354
164
1,426
10,677
2,213
8,464
117
148
281
0
4
1,788
510
5,616
685,666
30,097
755,598
49,166
2,403
0
1
37
422
62
9
95
1,777
46,763
35,299
1,762
2,379
67
5
39
23
29,182
28,327
855
1,909
2
387
151
1,369
11,464
2,412
9,052
153
163
311
0
1
1,746
546
6,132
706,432
31,643
793,279
54,284
2,329
0
10
62
242
84
5
120
1,806
51,955
37,536
1,811
2,546
98
4
59
35
30,980
30,050
930
2,101
4
422
184
1,491
14,419
3,949
10,470
149
170
361
0
1
1,831
599
7,359
738,995
33,243
563,380
37,585
1,726
1
14
574,008
44,071
1,801
0
17
588,000
49,778
1,724
0
26
624,467
61,190
2,197
0
7
655,767
58,625
2,725
0
302
687,613
53,398
2,435
0
2
704,750
48,751
2,204
1
5
719,324
46,590
2,179
0
2
741,153
48,212
2,314
0
1
778,055
53,128
2,180
0
6
Appendix table 2-17

Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
White
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
2000
54
277
66
11
76
1,227
35,859
28,500
1,953
1,457
81
0
27
54
23,727
23,085
642
1,282
1
269
163
849
7,359
1,432
5,927
49
234
192
0
0
1,021
362
4,069
525,795
40,133
2001
53
271
130
14
67
1,249
42,270
34,841
2,060
1,501
78
1
34
43
30,050
29,396
654
1,152
1
174
164
813
7,429
1,528
5,901
78
278
182
0
0
899
361
4,103
529,937
38,894
2002
44
181
78
10
64
1,321
48,054
40,055
1,949
1,547
57
0
27
30
35,203
34,553
650
1,299
2
196
172
929
7,999
1,668
6,331
82
299
201
0
0
915
410
4,424
538,222
37,459
2003
56
668
80
12
68
1,306
58,993
50,791
2,007
1,737
52
0
34
18
45,914
45,225
689
1,081
2
238
175
666
8,202
1,742
6,460
76
115
191
0
0
1,149
450
4,479
563,277
39,140
2004
57
896
49
12
69
1,340
55,900
47,015
1,923
1,696
39
2
23
14
41,869
41,114
755
1,488
1
266
184
1,037
8,885
1,843
7,042
93
95
230
0
0
1,379
531
4,714
597,142
36,513
2005
52
682
85
13
62
1,539
50,963
41,475
1,893
1,921
45
2
23
20
36,118
35,371
747
1,498
3
285
185
1,025
9,488
1,904
7,584
119
104
266
0
2
1,553
481
5,059
634,215
32,131
2006
39
529
55
10
68
1,497
46,547
36,791
1,892
1,964
65
7
38
20
31,327
30,628
699
1,543
4
279
131
1,129
9,756
1,922
7,834
111
110
287
0
1
1,723
460
5,142
655,999
29,391
2007
63
452
53
8
76
1,525
44,411
33,910
1,782
2,163
65
9
38
18
28,059
27,261
798
1,841
2
336
160
1,343
10,501
2,192
8,309
113
148
262
0
4
1,767
491
5,524
672,734
29,800
2008
34
416
62
9
90
1,702
45,898
34,627
1,746
2,296
64
5
36
23
28,744
27,934
810
1,777
1
377
137
1,262
11,271
2,382
8,889
150
161
279
0
1
1,723
528
6,047
692,941
31,315
2009
55
227
84
5
117
1,686
50,948
36,761
1,799
2,474
98
4
59
35
30,455
29,567
888
1,935
4
399
174
1,358
14,187
3,897
10,290
148
164
326
0
1
1,812
592
7,247
724,927
32,966
396,145
23,837
1,177
1
11
31
157
58
8
52
859
396,412
28,362
1,278
0
17
40
159
92
12
46
912
401,199
31,883
1,265
0
22
25
123
59
8
40
988
417,683
37,939
1,387
0
6
43
288
66
11
48
925
431,419
35,655
1,569
0
175
35
337
43
12
50
917
449,935
32,581
1,488
0
2
35
287
79
13
43
1,029
456,951
29,621
1,354
1
3
26
196
42
10
47
1,029
461,859
28,050
1,316
0
2
35
180
38
7
45
1,009
467,389
28,652
1,453
0
1
17
168
46
8
60
1,153
487,473
31,177
1,384
0
4
16
115
71
5
79
1,094
Appendix table 2-17

Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
2000
22,660
18,573
1,741
937
76
0
24
52
15,020
14,638
382
799
0
144
65
590
4,087
959
3,128
32
59
81
0
0
371
203
2,382
372,308
27,820
2001
27,084
22,788
1,840
989
73
1
30
42
19,133
18,772
361
753
1
98
72
582
4,296
1,012
3,284
51
209
92
0
0
353
187
2,392
368,050
26,801
2002
30,618
26,034
1,725
1,047
54
0
25
29
22,317
21,933
384
891
2
133
77
679
4,584
1,121
3,463
63
211
88
0
0
338
210
2,553
369,316
25,386
2003
36,552
32,049
1,795
1,132
48
0
31
17
28,386
28,012
374
688
0
128
80
480
4,503
1,121
3,382
44
16
85
0
0
497
219
2,521
379,744
25,909
2004
34,086
29,249
1,695
1,084
35
2
21
12
25,519
25,081
438
916
0
153
89
674
4,837
1,152
3,685
62
15
102
0
0
650
235
2,621
395,764
24,352
2005
31,093
25,958
1,716
1,219
39
2
18
19
22,032
21,621
411
952
2
158
92
700
5,135
1,130
4,005
75
17
116
0
1
761
201
2,834
417,354
22,157
2006
28,267
23,025
1,686
1,115
52
7
32
13
19,213
18,835
378
959
4
158
66
731
5,242
1,148
4,094
79
16
142
0
0
812
202
2,843
427,330
20,433
2007
26,734
21,286
1,556
1,178
59
8
33
18
17,415
16,990
425
1,078
1
156
86
835
5,448
1,268
4,180
64
26
124
0
0
813
196
2,957
433,809
20,659
2008
27,199
21,426
1,557
1,260
57
5
30
22
17,537
17,136
401
1,015
1
184
67
763
5,773
1,355
4,418
96
23
146
0
1
862
217
3,073
438,737
21,323
2009
29,793
22,835
1,571
1,300
82
4
47
31
18,801
18,339
462
1,081
2
170
90
819
6,958
2,165
4,793
85
14
131
0
0
836
240
3,487
456,296
22,249
27,313
2,649
160
0
0
3
38
0
0
2
117
2,489
2,010
19
109
1
0
27,919
2,907
132
0
0
4
18
2
0
0
108
2,775
2,342
9
94
0
0
30,322
3,381
101
0
2
5
5
0
0
0
89
3,280
2,802
10
93
0
0
31,597
4,075
142
0
1
6
36
0
0
2
97
3,933
3,432
9
143
1
0
31,908
3,694
169
0
8
2
40
1
0
0
118
3,525
2,955
18
148
0
0
32,498
3,129
147
0
0
1
14
2
0
1
129
2,982
2,359
12
204
0
0
33,800
2,769
132
0
0
1
10
1
0
3
117
2,637
2,002
10
224
1
0
35,623
2,715
175
0
0
2
59
3
0
3
108
2,540
1,822
21
257
0
0
36,754
2,877
140
0
0
2
10
1
0
3
124
2,737
1,935
20
319
0
0
38,619
3,314
177
0
0
5
7
3
0
6
156
3,137
2,176
24
337
6
0
Appendix table 2-17

Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Black
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
2000
1
0
1,736
1,646
90
145
0
51
15
79
479
51
428
1
3
41
0
0
89
24
270
24,664
2,200
2001
0
0
2,158
2,052
106
81
0
29
9
43
433
54
379
5
6
32
0
0
71
12
253
25,012
2,120
2002
0
0
2,613
2,522
91
86
0
15
18
53
478
51
427
0
2
36
0
0
68
12
309
26,941
2,192
2003
1
0
3,174
3,072
102
105
0
35
17
53
501
75
426
4
3
29
0
0
51
18
321
27,522
2,375
2004
0
0
2,599
2,499
100
190
1
43
26
120
570
76
494
2
1
27
0
0
100
26
338
28,214
1,687
2005
0
0
1,968
1,871
97
175
0
45
21
109
623
74
549
9
11
47
0
1
94
31
356
29,369
1,255
2006
1
0
1,559
1,474
85
208
0
45
20
143
635
79
556
1
3
41
0
0
94
28
389
31,031
1,055
2007
0
0
1,290
1,212
78
254
0
80
16
158
718
92
626
12
6
35
0
2
64
46
461
32,908
1,125
2008
0
0
1,323
1,205
118
273
0
89
19
165
802
113
689
6
2
38
0
0
65
33
545
33,877
1,230
2009
5
1
1,527
1,397
130
282
1
97
17
167
961
159
802
12
10
60
0
0
70
54
596
35,305
1,204
58,408
4,629
131
0
0
5
27
1
0
0
98
4,498
3,497
20
139
0
0
0
0
3,253
3,215
38
85
61,658
5,328
117
0
0
3
30
3
0
0
81
5,211
4,263
4
131
0
0
0
0
4,048
3,998
50
80
64,745
6,120
134
0
0
3
32
3
1
1
94
5,986
4,990
14
138
1
0
0
1
4,760
4,733
27
77
72,051
8,198
217
0
0
2
121
3
1
0
90
7,981
6,899
13
145
1
0
1
0
6,677
6,636
41
63
76,930
7,727
289
0
14
8
161
2
0
0
104
7,438
6,272
19
135
0
0
0
0
6,043
6,007
36
75
81,825
6,891
288
0
0
9
146
2
0
0
131
6,603
5,384
8
142
1
0
1
0
5,154
5,119
35
79
84,527
6,499
215
0
0
3
97
2
0
1
112
6,284
4,956
18
185
4
0
1
3
4,652
4,617
35
97
85,944
5,890
190
0
0
5
79
3
0
0
103
5,700
4,367
28
207
0
0
0
0
4,032
3,988
44
100
89,074
6,064
227
0
0
2
96
3
1
4
121
5,837
4,507
18
172
2
0
2
0
4,214
4,171
43
101
94,440
6,597
169
0
0
7
32
5
0
2
123
6,428
4,667
17
183
0
0
0
0
4,351
4,316
35
116
Appendix table 2-17

Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Hispanic
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
2000
0
17
2
66
1,001
136
865
3
16
7
0
0
276
55
508
53,779
4,040
2001
0
12
1
67
948
144
804
1
7
5
0
0
254
66
471
56,330
4,143
2002
0
9
1
67
996
141
855
1
13
9
0
0
248
73
511
58,625
3,860
2003
0
15
6
42
1,082
146
936
1
24
9
0
0
292
77
533
63,853
4,364
2004
0
15
5
55
1,166
158
1,008
0
17
19
0
0
312
100
560
69,203
3,864
2005
0
22
3
54
1,219
173
1,046
6
23
14
0
0
350
76
577
74,934
3,454
2006
0
16
5
76
1,328
198
1,130
3
19
22
0
0
449
67
570
78,028
3,167
2007
0
17
4
79
1,333
203
1,130
2
15
23
0
0
449
67
574
80,054
3,168
2008
0
15
7
79
1,330
214
1,116
0
26
21
0
0
395
64
610
83,010
3,295
2009
0
22
3
91
1,761
370
1,391
4
25
22
0
0
434
90
816
87,843
3,575
57,971
4,361
181
0
3
5
48
7
0
21
97
4,180
2,986
77
186
1
0
1
0
2,550
2,453
97
172
1
42
76
53
1,194
193
61,364
5,105
196
0
0
2
57
33
0
19
85
4,909
3,653
109
222
3
0
3
0
3,158
3,058
100
161
0
27
70
64
1,256
222
62,072
5,582
143
0
2
6
14
11
1
23
86
5,439
4,081
86
189
1
0
1
0
3,654
3,549
105
151
0
24
68
59
1,358
260
67,476
6,994
339
0
0
2
195
8
0
18
116
6,655
5,149
68
218
1
0
1
0
4,717
4,593
124
145
2
42
59
42
1,506
298
72,626
6,910
558
0
89
5
320
3
0
17
124
6,352
4,772
54
208
2
0
1
1
4,347
4,216
131
161
0
37
50
74
1,580
338
78,555
6,615
373
0
0
2
199
0
0
14
158
6,242
4,493
43
229
5
0
4
1
4,042
3,888
154
174
0
48
61
65
1,749
384
80,417
6,006
345
0
2
6
171
9
0
17
140
5,661
3,914
58
279
3
0
1
2
3,416
3,261
155
158
0
40
30
88
1,747
366
84,462
6,118
344
0
0
19
110
8
1
27
179
5,774
3,772
59
352
3
1
2
0
3,151
2,980
171
207
0
56
34
117
2,002
447
89,899
6,376
350
0
0
9
124
5
0
20
192
6,026
3,709
47
377
1
0
1
0
3,065
2,897
168
219
0
62
31
126
2,317
492
96,387
7,157
326
0
1
25
64
1
0
29
206
6,831
3,940
44
438
4
0
3
1
3,193
2,995
198
261
1
61
45
154
2,891
678
Appendix table 2-17

Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
2000
1,001
8
17
50
0
0
249
63
614
53,610
4,724
2001
1,034
11
7
43
0
0
195
79
699
56,259
4,560
2002
1,098
13
15
55
0
0
219
92
704
56,490
4,220
2003
1,208
16
24
50
0
0
250
109
759
60,482
4,174
2004
1,242
17
12
58
0
0
223
124
808
65,716
4,160
2005
1,365
14
20
65
0
0
241
123
902
71,940
3,652
2006
1,381
11
18
60
0
0
259
123
910
74,411
3,230
2007
1,555
15
28
58
0
1
287
138
1,028
78,344
3,466
2008
1,825
29
29
55
0
0
280
167
1,265
83,523
3,841
2009
2,213
24
31
84
0
1
308
160
1,605
89,230
3,944
6,282
608
17
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
15
591
384
74
39
0
0
0
0
258
251
7
13
0
1
0
12
207
38
169
1
32
2
0
0
6,392
605
18
0
0
1
2
0
0
1
14
587
417
53
33
0
0
0
0
314
302
12
17
0
4
2
11
170
34
136
2
23
1
0
0
6,565
703
17
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
14
686
444
55
43
0
0
0
0
329
322
7
17
0
4
0
13
242
32
210
0
30
3
0
0
7,134
811
24
0
0
1
5
2
0
0
16
787
546
70
27
1
0
0
1
431
418
13
17
0
2
3
12
241
31
210
1
48
2
0
0
7,692
825
41
0
9
4
7
0
0
0
21
784
524
65
47
0
0
0
0
388
377
11
24
0
2
0
22
260
36
224
0
42
1
0
0
8,001
839
38
0
0
2
11
2
0
0
23
801
504
68
44
0
0
0
0
365
352
13
27
1
3
2
21
297
56
241
2
30
1
0
0
8,068
801
26
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
24
775
498
72
65
0
0
0
0
335
325
10
26
0
6
1
19
277
41
236
3
52
0
0
0
8,076
851
34
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
30
817
446
56
55
1
0
1
0
305
291
14
29
0
2
5
22
371
73
298
3
67
2
0
0
8,256
870
29
0
0
1
4
0
0
1
23
841
474
64
59
1
0
0
1
313
298
15
37
0
3
3
31
367
67
300
1
75
0
0
0
8,235
835
20
0
0
2
1
2
0
0
15
815
459
64
52
2
0
2
0
304
293
11
37
0
2
2
33
356
71
285
3
78
1
0
0
Appendix table 2-17

Sociology
Non-S&E
Other/unknown race/ethnicity
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
2000
21
1
112
5,674
367
2001
5
4
101
5,787
299
2002
10
4
163
5,862
295
2003
22
6
131
6,323
366
2004
35
5
141
6,867
415
2005
34
17
157
7,162
330
2006
37
10
134
7,267
313
2007
48
20
158
7,225
289
2008
43
9
172
7,386
315
2009
40
11
152
7,400
355
17,261
1,501
60
0
0
8
7
0
3
1
41
1,441
1,050
22
47
3
0
1
2
910
882
28
68
0
14
5
49
391
55
336
4
107
11
0
0
15
16
183
15,760
982
20,263
1,764
60
0
0
3
5
0
2
1
49
1,704
1,378
45
32
2
0
1
1
1,239
1,214
25
60
0
4
10
46
326
62
264
8
26
9
0
0
21
13
187
18,499
971
23,097
2,109
64
0
0
4
5
5
0
0
50
2,045
1,704
59
37
1
0
1
0
1,530
1,494
36
77
0
11
8
58
341
63
278
5
28
10
0
0
32
19
184
20,988
1,506
28,526
3,173
88
0
0
2
23
1
0
0
62
3,085
2,716
52
72
0
0
0
0
2,529
2,494
35
63
0
16
10
37
369
71
298
10
0
16
0
0
37
21
214
25,353
1,952
35,192
3,814
99
0
7
3
31
0
0
2
56
3,715
3,243
72
74
2
0
1
1
2,973
2,934
39
122
0
16
14
92
472
83
389
12
8
23
0
0
59
41
246
31,378
2,035
36,799
3,343
101
0
0
3
25
0
0
4
69
3,242
2,777
46
83
0
0
0
0
2,557
2,520
37
91
0
9
6
76
465
87
378
13
3
23
0
0
73
33
233
33,456
1,283
40,987
3,055
132
0
0
3
53
1
0
0
75
2,923
2,396
48
96
5
0
3
2
2,152
2,116
36
95
0
14
9
72
527
90
437
14
2
22
0
1
72
30
296
37,932
1,193
43,360
2,966
120
0
0
2
20
1
0
1
96
2,846
2,217
62
114
2
0
2
0
1,866
1,800
66
173
1
25
15
132
629
109
520
17
6
20
0
1
106
24
346
40,394
1,093
49,781
3,373
115
0
0
3
14
7
0
2
89
3,258
2,576
40
109
3
0
3
0
2,292
2,227
65
132
0
24
10
98
682
141
541
18
6
19
0
0
78
38
382
46,408
1,311
52,901
4,048
104
0
1
0
8
2
0
1
92
3,944
2,684
79
164
4
0
2
2
2,279
2,227
52
158
0
47
17
94
1,260
454
806
20
6
28
0
0
124
37
591
48,853
1,639
Appendix table 2-17

Temporary resident
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
10,116
849
68
0
2
4
3
1
0
1
57
781
630
23
27
1
0
1
0
524
491
33
55
0
32
8
15
151
22
129
3
16
18
0
0
12
11,602
1,155
97
0
1
0
38
2
0
0
56
1,058
877
46
35
4
0
4
0
759
717
42
33
0
9
3
21
181
25
156
2
21
27
0
0
14
12,294
1,416
57
0
2
2
1
2
0
1
49
1,359
1,188
52
30
1
0
1
0
1,061
1,025
36
44
0
5
5
34
171
36
135
1
15
20
0
0
11
13,486
1,615
81
0
0
6
4
1
0
1
69
1,534
1,339
11
49
0
0
0
0
1,221
1,175
46
58
0
13
16
29
195
43
152
0
6
31
0
0
10
14,568
1,621
118
0
3
1
14
0
0
1
99
1,503
1,274
43
57
2
0
2
0
1,086
1,039
47
86
0
13
9
64
229
44
185
2
3
38
0
0
23
14,121
1,352
122
0
0
0
9
3
0
2
108
1,230
1,019
15
58
0
0
0
0
829
769
60
117
0
19
11
87
211
38
173
1
2
32
0
4
13
13,432
1,099
87
1
2
4
2
2
0
0
76
1,012
831
42
64
2
0
2
0
596
542
54
127
0
19
12
96
181
22
159
3
4
29
0
0
26
13,827
895
93
0
1
1
7
3
0
1
80
802
626
8
61
4
1
3
0
448
419
29
105
0
18
4
83
176
21
155
4
0
19
0
0
21
14,445
954
89
0
0
3
6
0
0
5
75
865
672
16
83
3
0
3
0
438
393
45
132
1
10
14
107
193
30
163
3
2
32
0
0
23
15,224
1,156
149
0
4
7
15
0
0
3
120
1,007
775
12
72
0
0
0
0
525
483
42
166
0
23
10
133
232
52
180
1
6
35
0
0
19
Appendix table 2-17

Sociology
Non-S&E
2000
4
76
9,267
337
2001
10
82
10,447
838
2002
6
82
10,878
442
2003
6
99
11,871
460
2004
21
98
12,947
507
2005
19
102
12,769
357
2006
15
82
12,333
319
2007
19
92
12,932
297
2008
18
85
13,491
328
2009
7
112
14,068
277
NOTES: Racial/ethnic breakouts for U.S. citizens and permanent residents only; temporary resident includes all racial/ethnic groups. Engineering technologies focused more on applied skills than on fundamental
science and mathematics. Data are based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published data from Science and Engineering
Indicators 2008 and earlier years that were based on accredited higher education institutions.
SOURCES: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey; and National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering
Appendix table 2-18

Earned bachelors degrees, by sex and field: 200009
Sex and field
Both sexes
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Male
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1,254,618
398,602
59,487
1,267
6,219
9,571
17,675
3,937
972
13,091
6,755
339,115
150,962
18,245
64,887
4,019
490
3,359
170
49,233
37,519
11,714
14,578
160
10,388
3,362
668
188,153
74,656
113,497
7,057
5,614
19,400
92
716
36,384
25,685
18,549
856,016
15,410
1,260,308
400,435
59,214
1,498
6,088
8,949
18,359
3,812
930
13,139
6,439
341,221
152,623
17,465
62,010
3,968
456
3,334
178
55,034
43,597
11,437
14,146
240
9,815
3,447
644
188,598
74,124
114,474
6,898
5,557
20,371
101
757
36,650
25,357
18,783
859,873
15,366
1,308,970
415,983
60,605
1,747
5,946
8,891
18,957
3,977
933
13,353
6,801
355,378
158,975
17,359
61,675
3,984
525
3,234
225
61,960
49,706
12,254
13,997
276
9,439
3,641
641
196,403
77,297
119,106
7,198
5,835
21,823
103
847
38,565
25,296
19,439
892,987
15,637
1,365,694
442,755
63,789
2,017
5,545
9,367
20,757
3,937
950
14,029
7,187
378,966
170,068
17,703
63,517
3,949
562
3,252
135
70,789
57,926
12,863
14,110
271
9,329
3,913
597
208,898
79,163
129,735
7,543
5,745
23,866
103
914
43,796
26,200
21,568
922,939
15,591
1,417,421
458,658
64,680
2,318
5,185
9,400
21,374
3,808
865
14,342
7,388
393,978
173,633
17,058
64,750
3,903
572
3,170
161
73,703
59,968
13,735
14,219
292
9,300
4,140
487
220,345
82,606
137,739
7,631
6,244
24,927
140
1,047
47,509
27,020
23,221
958,763
15,341
1,456,401
470,214
66,152
2,384
4,889
9,800
21,459
3,936
906
14,880
7,898
404,062
173,460
17,120
67,972
3,959
677
3,146
136
69,404
54,588
14,816
15,005
331
9,923
4,199
552
230,602
86,031
144,571
7,742
6,612
25,160
117
1,053
51,540
28,556
23,791
986,187
15,649
1,502,922
478,858
68,227
2,753
4,857
10,663
19,933
3,890
1,006
16,163
8,962
410,631
173,966
17,307
72,972
3,987
651
3,231
105
63,310
48,000
15,310
16,390
366
10,887
4,566
571
236,665
88,551
148,114
8,100
6,975
24,707
113
1,201
53,589
28,541
24,888
1,024,064
15,327
1,541,704
485,772
68,274
2,828
5,081
11,318
18,547
3,529
1,025
16,911
9,035
417,498
176,275
17,696
79,348
4,077
745
3,193
139
58,147
42,596
15,551
17,007
332
11,250
4,870
555
241,223
90,498
150,725
8,086
7,120
24,825
114
1,340
54,598
29,050
25,592
1,055,932
15,894
1,580,413
496,168
69,908
2,934
5,504
12,243
17,357
3,566
1,150
17,685
9,469
426,260
177,601
18,474
82,398
4,314
736
3,453
125
54,763
38,922
15,841
17,652
346
11,832
4,876
598
248,659
92,989
155,670
8,853
7,323
26,281
103
1,505
55,889
28,908
26,808
1,084,245
16,164
1,619,028
505,435
70,600
3,037
5,894
12,787
16,184
3,879
1,070
17,643
10,106
434,835
181,914
19,152
85,574
4,542
721
3,679
142
54,704
38,496
16,208
17,942
335
12,144
4,842
621
252,921
94,743
158,178
9,153
7,598
27,628
100
1,478
55,319
28,836
28,066
1,113,593
16,454
536,059
197,650
47,281
1,029
4,016
537,421
197,771
47,302
1,194
4,033
555,640
204,675
47,923
1,435
3,823
578,937
219,815
50,809
1,633
3,532
601,588
227,861
51,417
1,905
3,352
618,758
233,924
52,949
1,980
3,113
636,559
238,029
54,889
2,252
3,179
655,393
241,697
55,621
2,376
3,338
673,788
246,719
56,987
2,493
3,670
691,428
250,742
57,850
2,600
3,977
Appendix table 2-18

Sex and field
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Female
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
2000
7,246
15,325
2,630
704
11,309
5,022
150,369
80,832
9,780
26,936
2,413
376
1,950
87
33,113
26,997
6,116
8,590
106
5,483
2,638
363
69,537
17,542
51,995
2,315
2,043
13,016
40
226
18,063
7,657
8,635
338,409
13,448
2001
6,908
15,817
2,589
667
11,401
4,693
150,469
82,030
8,975
24,972
2,346
324
1,934
88
37,500
31,549
5,951
8,237
145
5,041
2,692
359
68,439
16,694
51,745
2,192
1,904
13,450
45
245
17,999
7,437
8,473
339,650
13,286
2002
6,667
16,240
2,636
648
11,574
4,900
156,752
85,578
8,725
24,030
2,282
374
1,788
120
42,518
36,016
6,502
8,023
160
4,716
2,817
330
71,174
17,389
53,785
2,272
2,032
14,436
40
243
18,822
7,299
8,641
350,965
13,480
2003
7,118
17,839
2,625
674
12,170
5,218
169,006
92,543
8,740
24,023
2,298
386
1,846
66
49,251
42,258
6,993
8,231
161
4,649
3,076
345
76,463
17,629
58,834
2,313
2,055
15,773
49
290
21,274
7,558
9,522
359,122
13,276
2004
7,121
18,331
2,543
595
12,395
5,175
176,444
95,462
8,336
24,319
2,256
369
1,812
75
52,330
44,902
7,428
8,221
169
4,548
3,233
271
80,982
18,322
62,660
2,350
2,163
16,650
67
330
23,101
7,718
10,281
373,727
13,195
2005
7,451
18,614
2,666
624
12,933
5,568
180,975
95,606
8,383
25,698
2,299
436
1,795
68
50,636
42,429
8,207
8,590
188
4,779
3,299
324
85,369
19,099
66,270
2,362
2,345
17,021
53
324
25,130
8,430
10,605
384,834
13,425
2006
8,241
17,346
2,716
737
14,050
6,368
183,140
94,589
8,398
27,917
2,341
432
1,873
36
46,496
38,061
8,435
9,437
235
5,253
3,621
328
88,551
19,975
68,576
2,494
2,463
17,043
46
447
26,462
8,548
11,073
398,530
13,274
2007
8,819
16,438
2,473
753
14,894
6,530
186,076
95,924
8,781
31,347
2,399
483
1,857
59
43,376
34,652
8,724
10,021
200
5,636
3,846
339
90,152
20,446
69,706
2,456
2,561
17,195
44
461
27,053
8,698
11,238
413,696
13,989
2008
9,491
15,450
2,557
878
15,592
6,856
189,732
96,002
9,017
33,136
2,559
473
2,023
63
40,922
32,038
8,884
10,368
226
5,923
3,888
331
93,730
21,307
72,423
2,733
2,626
18,237
51
502
27,734
8,787
11,753
427,069
14,160
2009
10,032
14,578
2,823
807
15,671
7,362
192,892
97,915
9,334
34,477
2,774
486
2,209
79
40,839
31,602
9,237
10,491
189
6,038
3,917
347
94,977
21,579
73,398
2,723
2,732
19,282
48
503
27,184
8,707
12,219
440,686
14,487
718,559
200,952
12,206
238
2,203
2,325
2,350
1,307
268
1,782
1,733
722,887
202,664
11,912
304
2,055
2,041
2,542
1,223
263
1,738
1,746
753,330
211,308
12,682
312
2,123
2,224
2,717
1,341
285
1,779
1,901
786,757
222,940
12,980
384
2,013
2,249
2,918
1,312
276
1,859
1,969
815,833
230,797
13,263
413
1,833
2,279
3,043
1,265
270
1,947
2,213
837,643
236,290
13,203
404
1,776
2,349
2,845
1,270
282
1,947
2,330
866,363
240,829
13,338
501
1,678
2,422
2,587
1,174
269
2,113
2,594
886,311
244,075
12,653
452
1,743
2,499
2,109
1,056
272
2,017
2,505
906,625
249,449
12,921
441
1,834
2,752
1,907
1,009
272
2,093
2,613
927,600
254,693
12,750
437
1,917
2,755
1,606
1,056
263
1,972
2,744
Appendix table 2-18

Sex and field
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
2000
188,746
70,130
8,465
37,951
1,606
114
1,409
83
16,120
10,522
5,598
5,988
54
4,905
724
305
118,616
57,114
61,502
4,742
3,571
6,384
52
490
18,321
18,028
9,914
517,607
1,962
2001
190,752
70,593
8,490
37,038
1,622
132
1,400
90
17,534
12,048
5,486
5,909
95
4,774
755
285
120,159
57,430
62,729
4,706
3,653
6,921
56
512
18,651
17,920
10,310
520,223
2,080
2002
198,626
73,397
8,634
37,645
1,702
151
1,446
105
19,442
13,690
5,752
5,974
116
4,723
824
311
125,229
59,908
65,321
4,926
3,803
7,387
63
604
19,743
17,997
10,798
542,022
2,157
2003
209,960
77,525
8,963
39,494
1,651
176
1,406
69
21,538
15,668
5,870
5,879
110
4,680
837
252
132,435
61,534
70,901
5,230
3,690
8,093
54
624
22,522
18,642
12,046
563,817
2,315
2004
217,534
78,171
8,722
40,431
1,647
203
1,358
86
21,373
15,066
6,307
5,998
123
4,752
907
216
139,363
64,284
75,079
5,281
4,081
8,277
73
717
24,408
19,302
12,940
585,036
2,146
2005
223,087
77,854
8,737
42,274
1,660
241
1,351
68
18,768
12,159
6,609
6,415
143
5,144
900
228
145,233
66,932
78,301
5,380
4,267
8,139
64
729
26,410
20,126
13,186
601,353
2,224
2006
227,491
79,377
8,909
45,055
1,646
219
1,358
69
16,814
9,939
6,875
6,953
131
5,634
945
243
148,114
68,576
79,538
5,606
4,512
7,664
67
754
27,127
19,993
13,815
625,534
2,053
2007
231,422
80,351
8,915
48,001
1,678
262
1,336
80
14,771
7,944
6,827
6,986
132
5,614
1,024
216
151,071
70,052
81,019
5,630
4,559
7,630
70
879
27,545
20,352
14,354
642,236
1,905
2008
236,528
81,599
9,457
49,262
1,755
263
1,430
62
13,841
6,884
6,957
7,284
120
5,909
988
267
154,929
71,682
83,247
6,120
4,697
8,044
52
1,003
28,155
20,121
15,055
657,176
2,004
2009
241,943
83,999
9,818
51,097
1,768
235
1,470
63
13,865
6,894
6,971
7,451
146
6,106
925
274
157,944
73,164
84,780
6,430
4,866
8,346
52
975
28,135
20,129
15,847
672,907
1,967
NOTES: Engineering technologies focused more on applied skills than on fundamental science and mathematics. Data are based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title
IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published data from Science and Engineering Indicators 2008 and earlier years that were based on accredited higher education
institutions.
SOURCES: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey; and National Science Foundation, National Center for Science
and Engineering Statistics, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System (WebCASPAR), http://webcaspar.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 2-19

Earned bachelors degrees, by citizenship, field, and race/ethnicity: 200009
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1,254,618
398,602
59,487
1,267
6,219
9,571
17,675
3,937
972
13,091
6,755
339,115
150,962
18,245
64,887
4,019
490
3,359
170
49,233
37,519
11,714
14,578
160
10,388
3,362
668
188,153
74,656
113,497
7,057
5,614
19,400
92
716
36,384
25,685
18,549
856,016
15,410
1,260,308
400,435
59,214
1,498
6,088
8,949
18,359
3,812
930
13,139
6,439
341,221
152,623
17,465
62,010
3,968
456
3,334
178
55,034
43,597
11,437
14,146
240
9,815
3,447
644
188,598
74,124
114,474
6,898
5,557
20,371
101
757
36,650
25,357
18,783
859,873
15,366
1,308,970
415,983
60,605
1,747
5,946
8,891
18,957
3,977
933
13,353
6,801
355,378
158,975
17,359
61,675
3,984
525
3,234
225
61,960
49,706
12,254
13,997
276
9,439
3,641
641
196,403
77,297
119,106
7,198
5,835
21,823
103
847
38,565
25,296
19,439
892,987
15,637
1,365,694
442,755
63,789
2,017
5,545
9,367
20,757
3,937
950
14,029
7,187
378,966
170,068
17,703
63,517
3,949
562
3,252
135
70,789
57,926
12,863
14,110
271
9,329
3,913
597
208,898
79,163
129,735
7,543
5,745
23,866
103
914
43,796
26,200
21,568
922,939
15,591
1,417,421
458,658
64,680
2,318
5,185
9,400
21,374
3,808
865
14,342
7,388
393,978
173,633
17,058
64,750
3,903
572
3,170
161
73,703
59,968
13,735
14,219
292
9,300
4,140
487
220,345
82,606
137,739
7,631
6,244
24,927
140
1,047
47,509
27,020
23,221
958,763
15,341
1,456,401
470,214
66,152
2,384
4,889
9,800
21,459
3,936
906
14,880
7,898
404,062
173,460
17,120
67,972
3,959
677
3,146
136
69,404
54,588
14,816
15,005
331
9,923
4,199
552
230,602
86,031
144,571
7,742
6,612
25,160
117
1,053
51,540
28,556
23,791
986,187
15,649
1,502,922
478,858
68,227
2,753
4,857
10,663
19,933
3,890
1,006
16,163
8,962
410,631
173,966
17,307
72,972
3,987
651
3,231
105
63,310
48,000
15,310
16,390
366
10,887
4,566
571
236,665
88,551
148,114
8,100
6,975
24,707
113
1,201
53,589
28,541
24,888
1,024,064
15,327
1,541,704
485,772
68,274
2,828
5,081
11,318
18,547
3,529
1,025
16,911
9,035
417,498
176,275
17,696
79,348
4,077
745
3,193
139
58,147
42,596
15,551
17,007
332
11,250
4,870
555
241,223
90,498
150,725
8,086
7,120
24,825
114
1,340
54,598
29,050
25,592
1,055,932
15,894
1,580,413
496,168
69,908
2,934
5,504
12,243
17,357
3,566
1,150
17,685
9,469
426,260
177,601
18,474
82,398
4,314
736
3,453
125
54,763
38,922
15,841
17,652
346
11,832
4,876
598
248,659
92,989
155,670
8,853
7,323
26,281
103
1,505
55,889
28,908
26,808
1,084,245
16,164
1,619,028
505,435
70,600
3,037
5,894
12,787
16,184
3,879
1,070
17,643
10,106
434,835
181,914
19,152
85,574
4,542
721
3,679
142
54,704
38,496
16,208
17,942
335
12,144
4,842
621
252,921
94,743
158,178
9,153
7,598
27,628
100
1,478
55,319
28,836
28,066
1,113,593
16,454
1,215,514
383,407
54,955
1,146
5,774
1,220,465
384,714
54,795
1,350
5,664
1,267,462
399,639
56,339
1,625
5,499
1,322,430
424,857
59,512
1,857
5,186
1,372,577
439,833
60,130
2,144
4,817
1,411,002
451,655
61,412
2,213
4,478
1,456,517
460,604
63,516
2,606
4,421
1,495,740
468,379
63,885
2,653
4,651
1,536,007
479,642
65,728
2,783
5,040
1,573,094
488,380
66,529
2,859
5,376
Appendix table 2-19

Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
White
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
2000
9,113
15,839
3,456
935
12,302
6,390
328,452
145,371
17,987
63,511
3,973
482
3,326
165
45,854
34,619
11,235
14,046
156
10,044
3,202
644
183,081
73,392
109,689
6,941
5,436
17,709
91
633
35,232
25,386
18,261
832,107
14,967
2001
8,537
16,517
3,337
888
12,395
6,107
329,919
146,503
17,217
60,574
3,919
454
3,288
177
51,203
40,192
11,011
13,590
227
9,480
3,267
616
183,416
72,841
110,575
6,778
5,393
18,548
98
680
35,501
25,099
18,478
835,751
14,823
2002
8,520
17,089
3,535
904
12,670
6,497
343,300
152,293
17,097
60,220
3,925
519
3,185
221
57,597
45,797
11,800
13,454
260
9,097
3,475
622
191,007
75,928
115,079
7,084
5,677
19,920
101
766
37,398
25,001
19,132
867,823
15,171
2003
9,018
18,703
3,535
919
13,433
6,861
365,345
162,204
17,433
61,979
3,892
554
3,204
134
65,313
53,072
12,241
13,587
256
9,003
3,745
583
203,141
77,769
125,372
7,449
5,585
21,820
100
834
42,510
25,851
21,223
897,573
15,132
2004
9,085
19,098
3,427
836
13,728
6,995
379,703
165,350
16,807
63,099
3,853
569
3,125
159
67,963
54,908
13,055
13,628
282
8,950
3,951
445
214,353
81,131
133,222
7,525
6,080
22,758
140
973
46,202
26,693
22,851
932,744
14,825
2005
9,473
19,138
3,541
866
14,233
7,470
390,243
165,719
16,846
66,005
3,879
667
3,081
131
64,652
50,597
14,055
14,337
311
9,526
3,999
501
224,524
84,528
139,996
7,627
6,449
22,961
116
976
50,271
28,227
23,369
959,347
15,161
2006
10,321
17,757
3,462
960
15,513
8,476
397,088
166,833
17,041
70,853
3,911
646
3,166
99
59,402
44,901
14,501
15,626
353
10,421
4,323
529
230,255
86,971
143,284
7,977
6,800
22,571
110
1,127
52,110
28,151
24,438
995,913
14,949
2007
10,992
16,668
3,154
976
16,198
8,593
404,494
169,717
17,414
77,015
4,019
736
3,146
137
55,004
40,163
14,841
16,265
319
10,799
4,647
500
234,777
88,939
145,838
7,976
6,921
22,691
110
1,281
53,181
28,652
25,026
1,027,361
15,515
2008
11,870
15,768
3,160
1,105
16,971
9,031
413,914
171,634
18,246
80,068
4,244
731
3,389
124
52,197
37,118
15,079
16,879
330
11,364
4,647
538
242,280
91,515
150,765
8,729
7,152
24,083
102
1,420
54,437
28,543
26,299
1,056,365
15,793
2009
12,419
14,759
3,510
1,006
16,928
9,672
421,851
175,706
18,909
83,145
4,460
713
3,605
142
52,046
36,677
15,369
17,146
322
11,615
4,633
576
246,145
93,135
153,010
9,053
7,363
25,247
99
1,400
53,858
28,480
27,510
1,084,714
16,009
896,511
270,341
39,025
899
4,062
6,984
9,717
2,385
741
9,450
4,787
890,089
267,866
38,723
1,058
4,061
6,615
9,875
2,323
708
9,520
4,563
914,692
276,403
39,693
1,279
3,976
6,624
9,968
2,429
712
9,852
4,853
943,779
290,875
41,820
1,447
3,746
7,032
10,971
2,388
701
10,501
5,034
967,924
297,708
41,838
1,629
3,483
7,012
10,939
2,353
614
10,730
5,078
987,957
303,321
42,191
1,723
3,203
7,196
10,868
2,353
633
10,933
5,282
1,011,497
308,888
43,526
2,005
3,086
7,768
10,026
2,312
671
11,833
5,825
1,032,791
312,763
43,980
2,017
3,210
8,130
9,620
2,107
711
12,266
5,919
1,051,236
316,982
45,383
2,088
3,453
8,750
9,207
2,148
802
12,692
6,243
1,069,016
320,081
45,647
2,113
3,706
8,871
8,588
2,346
710
12,753
6,560
Appendix table 2-19

Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
2000
231,316
103,331
15,655
43,903
3,536
437
2,959
140
30,141
21,759
8,382
10,096
131
6,900
2,543
522
127,985
52,400
75,585
5,378
2,940
12,102
58
439
24,931
16,561
13,176
626,170
10,916
2001
229,143
102,252
14,948
41,261
3,436
395
2,888
153
32,808
24,649
8,159
9,799
185
6,500
2,617
497
126,891
51,545
75,346
5,222
2,937
12,414
57
499
24,961
16,099
13,157
622,223
10,760
2002
236,710
105,511
14,728
41,212
3,450
467
2,806
177
36,434
27,696
8,738
9,687
204
6,260
2,736
487
131,199
53,318
77,881
5,380
3,069
13,371
60
571
26,150
15,817
13,463
638,289
10,925
2003
249,055
110,194
14,935
41,893
3,442
493
2,837
112
39,998
31,040
8,958
9,926
212
6,280
2,963
471
138,861
54,711
84,150
5,593
2,948
14,299
68
598
29,565
16,283
14,796
652,904
10,744
2004
255,870
110,989
14,368
42,443
3,338
508
2,691
139
41,024
31,400
9,624
9,816
220
6,149
3,115
332
144,881
56,576
88,305
5,498
3,180
14,656
100
652
31,756
16,677
15,786
670,216
10,453
2005
261,130
111,642
14,353
43,759
3,366
597
2,663
106
39,886
29,742
10,144
10,278
234
6,586
3,092
366
149,488
58,089
91,399
5,586
3,240
14,720
86
637
33,891
17,231
16,008
684,636
10,634
2006
265,362
112,658
14,388
46,495
3,360
575
2,703
82
37,400
26,948
10,452
11,015
269
7,023
3,333
390
152,704
59,416
93,288
5,784
3,374
14,427
83
771
35,058
16,963
16,828
702,609
10,605
2007
268,783
114,851
14,523
49,771
3,474
662
2,692
120
35,764
25,033
10,731
11,319
248
7,135
3,545
391
153,932
59,761
94,171
5,652
3,456
14,496
73
858
35,634
16,985
17,017
720,028
11,209
2008
271,599
114,545
15,004
50,367
3,565
639
2,822
104
34,064
23,189
10,875
11,545
251
7,322
3,572
400
157,054
60,763
96,291
6,134
3,611
15,501
69
955
35,932
16,556
17,533
734,254
11,260
2009
274,434
116,594
15,476
51,756
3,718
610
2,996
112
33,934
23,021
10,913
11,710
233
7,463
3,599
415
157,840
60,729
97,111
6,388
3,687
16,205
61
909
35,254
16,413
18,194
748,935
11,560
75,384
35,556
6,850
98
788
642
3,143
332
91
1,002
754
28,706
16,342
454
8,025
97
14
75,741
36,468
7,025
103
702
521
3,522
319
88
998
772
29,443
16,633
399
7,493
86
14
79,482
37,518
7,120
128
636
482
3,773
356
85
892
768
30,398
17,196
411
7,209
85
8
83,498
39,944
7,413
145
563
500
3,967
386
91
939
822
32,531
18,499
459
7,398
73
9
86,743
41,403
7,628
186
527
493
4,086
376
95
928
937
33,775
18,433
415
7,792
85
11
91,482
43,312
8,211
184
486
585
4,293
352
101
1,082
1,128
35,101
18,455
448
8,835
86
15
96,315
44,475
8,551
223
558
770
3,840
362
166
1,249
1,383
35,924
18,459
542
10,088
92
12
99,011
45,516
8,466
250
652
908
3,353
333
153
1,413
1,404
37,050
19,106
606
11,572
106
17
102,301
47,323
8,343
278
690
985
2,994
315
140
1,491
1,450
38,980
20,231
632
12,866
121
13
105,246
48,348
8,266
294
739
1,111
2,561
360
137
1,489
1,575
40,082
20,957
731
13,578
143
14
Appendix table 2-19

Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Black
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
2000
77
6
6,304
5,415
889
1,462
9
1,208
218
27
12,364
4,188
8,176
340
737
2,774
12
72
2,073
1,324
844
39,828
770
2001
64
8
7,311
6,395
916
1,344
12
1,126
184
22
12,810
4,150
8,660
332
714
3,082
15
69
2,228
1,300
920
39,273
731
2002
65
12
8,274
7,273
1,001
1,217
24
978
184
31
13,202
4,241
8,961
377
686
3,235
20
73
2,325
1,325
920
41,964
769
2003
58
6
9,426
8,273
1,153
1,143
16
893
204
30
14,032
4,064
9,968
396
671
3,708
16
83
2,648
1,372
1,074
43,554
703
2004
65
9
8,912
7,668
1,244
1,229
18
960
223
28
15,342
4,350
10,992
398
758
4,007
14
105
2,903
1,596
1,211
45,340
680
2005
69
2
7,770
6,351
1,419
1,316
21
1,024
236
35
16,646
4,797
11,849
424
875
4,003
11
112
3,267
1,853
1,304
48,170
754
2006
75
5
6,119
4,672
1,447
1,618
37
1,267
281
33
17,465
5,305
12,160
496
879
3,913
9
112
3,488
1,907
1,356
51,840
661
2007
82
7
5,020
3,581
1,439
1,802
16
1,420
327
39
17,944
5,615
12,329
534
899
3,874
8
136
3,539
1,908
1,431
53,495
669
2008
104
4
4,645
3,133
1,512
1,967
21
1,596
307
43
18,749
5,931
12,818
581
880
3,976
11
156
3,653
1,994
1,567
54,978
657
2009
119
10
4,459
2,894
1,565
2,046
27
1,671
306
42
19,125
6,042
13,083
599
932
4,218
13
152
3,551
1,950
1,668
56,898
594
104,341
32,993
3,069
40
383
403
1,055
256
24
594
314
29,924
10,796
450
4,738
51
10
40
1
4,467
3,563
904
1,090
106,966
33,386
2,892
39
373
329
1,089
238
27
515
282
30,494
11,359
428
4,693
56
2
52
2
5,186
4,378
808
996
111,330
34,899
2,982
43
346
317
1,103
256
32
561
324
31,917
12,066
454
4,632
62
10
42
10
5,900
5,057
843
1,018
117,902
36,961
3,092
65
317
292
1,301
275
22
471
349
33,869
13,191
452
4,878
60
12
43
5
6,873
6,083
790
928
123,636
38,737
3,227
70
303
320
1,408
251
22
504
349
35,510
13,554
450
5,039
65
20
43
2
7,042
6,259
783
958
127,978
39,846
3,206
71
273
342
1,331
297
19
537
336
36,640
13,199
444
5,052
68
8
54
6
6,670
5,815
855
965
133,743
40,108
3,209
85
231
324
1,277
273
28
569
422
36,899
13,071
485
5,366
58
14
43
1
6,122
5,275
847
1,040
137,566
40,401
3,164
72
244
403
1,207
252
22
570
394
37,237
12,880
481
5,857
79
15
61
3
5,420
4,588
832
1,043
142,576
41,263
3,101
84
256
420
1,135
229
31
560
386
38,162
12,540
557
6,003
89
21
65
3
4,807
4,011
796
1,084
145,988
41,822
3,096
90
256
441
1,120
230
30
539
390
38,726
12,694
510
6,253
88
20
65
3
4,710
3,868
842
1,133
Appendix table 2-19

Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Hispanic
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
2000
1
888
152
49
19,128
7,572
11,556
268
738
1,044
6
14
3,601
4,097
1,788
71,348
1,466
2001
2
827
133
34
19,135
7,561
11,574
242
691
1,089
6
24
3,556
4,200
1,766
73,580
1,427
2002
3
796
182
37
19,851
7,748
12,103
253
784
1,221
4
25
3,737
4,167
1,912
76,431
1,467
2003
1
744
147
36
20,678
8,014
12,664
258
749
1,326
6
17
4,059
4,214
2,035
80,941
1,557
2004
3
756
166
33
21,956
8,485
13,471
338
805
1,409
8
32
4,452
4,220
2,207
84,899
1,592
2005
4
760
166
35
23,441
9,141
14,300
320
905
1,377
5
33
4,866
4,539
2,255
88,132
1,599
2006
9
827
171
33
23,828
9,097
14,731
337
1,011
1,379
4
44
5,099
4,627
2,230
93,635
1,574
2007
3
852
163
25
24,357
9,729
14,628
358
926
1,289
12
44
4,955
4,721
2,323
97,165
1,463
2008
6
910
144
24
25,622
10,271
15,351
408
1,012
1,380
7
57
5,119
4,842
2,526
101,313
1,467
2009
5
935
149
44
26,032
10,541
15,491
435
992
1,346
8
50
5,188
4,761
2,711
104,166
1,442
88,445
27,980
4,075
67
380
762
1,283
391
38
846
308
23,905
8,842
635
4,446
125
9
105
11
2,753
2,154
599
883
7
719
125
32
15,063
6,127
90,232
28,361
4,015
92
341
742
1,301
356
34
880
269
24,346
9,202
607
4,547
157
15
130
12
3,021
2,396
625
870
16
669
151
34
15,144
6,178
95,492
29,935
4,136
97
353
761
1,411
372
33
819
290
25,799
9,476
662
4,367
136
10
109
17
3,448
2,776
672
863
10
666
156
31
16,323
6,695
101,030
32,533
4,358
110
320
798
1,428
365
50
950
337
28,175
10,767
686
4,840
119
10
103
6
4,261
3,590
671
861
12
669
164
16
17,408
6,828
106,388
33,748
4,483
121
313
836
1,564
332
52
935
330
29,265
10,736
673
4,611
131
13
112
6
4,436
3,758
678
885
23
651
187
24
18,529
7,285
111,616
35,662
4,628
139
333
888
1,535
364
59
962
348
31,034
10,968
710
4,819
151
20
121
10
4,350
3,529
821
938
17
704
183
34
20,066
7,708
118,057
37,049
4,928
153
345
952
1,563
391
58
1,050
416
32,121
11,099
651
5,084
143
20
120
3
4,232
3,351
881
989
12
739
206
32
21,022
8,236
124,787
38,546
4,962
172
326
1,006
1,521
337
40
1,147
413
33,584
11,312
776
5,453
135
18
113
4
3,916
2,970
946
1,032
18
748
246
20
22,272
8,506
131,695
40,877
5,234
172
375
1,079
1,467
326
58
1,301
456
35,643
12,153
997
5,995
192
30
155
7
3,847
2,923
924
1,122
30
830
229
33
23,490
8,885
137,746
43,018
5,577
194
405
1,269
1,484
428
48
1,183
566
37,441
12,720
969
6,384
221
42
172
7
3,977
2,999
978
1,169
21
879
235
34
24,721
9,615
Appendix table 2-19

Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
2000
8,936
462
659
976
3
42
2,973
2,317
1,504
60,465
1,123
2001
8,966
465
648
1,030
5
45
2,925
2,291
1,557
61,871
1,146
2002
9,628
494
688
1,068
7
39
3,135
2,440
1,757
65,557
1,187
2003
10,580
533
717
1,188
4
48
3,586
2,555
1,949
68,497
1,290
2004
11,244
568
756
1,290
7
71
3,872
2,665
2,015
72,640
1,215
2005
12,358
578
827
1,352
6
68
4,583
2,874
2,070
75,954
1,210
2006
12,786
607
926
1,423
5
80
4,531
2,969
2,245
81,008
1,098
2007
13,766
636
971
1,510
5
101
5,105
3,150
2,288
86,241
1,148
2008
14,605
723
972
1,540
2
120
5,382
3,283
2,583
90,818
1,315
2009
15,106
775
1,007
1,616
3
121
5,496
3,398
2,690
94,728
1,242
8,414
2,607
326
7
42
83
81
23
5
52
33
2,281
917
190
379
43
4
35
4
240
172
68
65
2
49
12
2
1,364
518
846
89
80
71
1
10
8,683
2,800
256
8
31
65
56
17
4
51
24
2,544
1,080
215
431
35
5
29
1
326
275
51
73
2
47
19
5
1,464
561
903
93
106
68
0
2
8,744
2,649
308
17
33
67
70
21
6
61
33
2,341
967
158
410
26
1
23
2
290
233
57
83
2
57
21
3
1,374
542
832
85
121
65
0
2
9,314
2,909
320
10
34
67
99
12
3
58
37
2,589
1,002
163
378
24
4
18
2
343
278
65
94
4
71
17
2
1,587
545
1,042
111
128
95
0
9
10,021
3,264
333
23
29
64
88
15
6
73
35
2,931
1,216
188
417
31
1
30
0
504
445
59
76
1
50
20
5
1,715
597
1,118
103
145
108
0
4
9,704
3,209
349
16
30
73
84
27
5
72
42
2,860
1,145
161
499
25
1
23
1
357
281
76
103
3
65
33
2
1,715
555
1,160
98
134
95
0
12
10,281
3,341
353
14
27
73
69
17
8
91
54
2,988
1,141
186
479
36
1
35
0
338
274
64
102
1
73
24
4
1,847
597
1,250
114
127
104
0
7
10,751
3,319
305
9
25
75
61
14
5
71
45
3,014
1,151
165
531
26
4
21
1
312
249
63
117
1
90
22
4
1,863
612
1,251
116
170
103
0
11
10,768
3,392
344
16
36
63
81
23
7
81
37
3,048
1,109
172
508
28
2
26
0
294
221
73
107
1
80
22
4
1,939
637
1,302
106
166
104
1
9
11,407
3,564
347
19
30
75
72
18
5
88
40
3,217
1,231
207
577
29
4
24
1
284
213
71
134
2
94
32
6
1,986
632
1,354
134
176
128
1
12
Appendix table 2-19

Sociology
Non-S&E
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
2000
230
220
145
5,807
110
2001
234
225
175
5,883
129
2002
241
184
134
6,095
102
2003
288
244
167
6,405
126
2004
354
228
176
6,757
195
2005
345
259
217
6,495
96
2006
397
271
230
6,940
132
2007
368
249
234
7,432
138
2008
404
268
244
7,376
112
2009
375
299
229
7,843
142
42,419
13,930
1,610
35
119
239
560
69
36
358
194
12,320
5,143
603
2,020
121
8
110
3
1,949
1,556
393
450
6
280
152
12
7,177
2,587
4,590
404
282
742
11
56
1,424
867
804
28,489
582
48,754
15,833
1,884
50
156
265
674
84
27
431
197
13,949
5,977
620
2,149
149
23
125
1
2,551
2,099
452
508
10
311
163
24
7,972
2,846
5,126
424
297
865
15
41
1,597
984
903
32,921
630
57,722
18,235
2,100
61
155
269
764
101
36
485
229
16,135
7,077
684
2,390
166
23
140
3
3,251
2,762
489
586
17
340
196
33
9,058
3,384
5,674
495
329
960
10
56
1,810
1,068
946
39,487
721
66,907
21,635
2,509
80
206
329
937
109
52
514
282
19,126
8,551
738
2,592
174
26
145
3
4,412
3,808
604
635
11
346
250
28
10,575
3,607
6,968
558
372
1,204
6
79
2,364
1,183
1,202
45,272
712
77,865
24,973
2,621
115
162
360
1,013
100
47
558
266
22,352
10,422
713
2,797
203
16
184
3
6,045
5,378
667
664
17
384
240
23
11,930
3,838
8,092
620
436
1,288
11
109
2,865
1,307
1,456
52,892
690
82,265
26,305
2,827
80
153
389
1,027
148
49
647
334
23,478
10,310
730
3,041
183
26
151
6
5,619
4,879
740
737
32
387
289
29
13,168
4,238
8,930
621
468
1,414
8
114
3,319
1,471
1,515
55,960
868
86,624
26,743
2,949
126
174
434
982
107
29
721
376
23,794
10,405
789
3,341
222
24
190
8
5,191
4,381
810
862
25
492
308
37
13,389
4,320
9,069
639
483
1,325
9
113
3,537
1,414
1,549
59,881
879
90,834
27,834
3,008
133
194
470
906
111
45
731
418
24,826
10,417
863
3,831
199
20
177
2
4,572
3,742
830
952
33
554
344
21
14,409
4,716
9,693
680
499
1,419
12
131
3,580
1,639
1,733
63,000
888
97,431
29,805
3,323
145
230
573
884
119
67
846
459
26,482
11,056
884
4,329
249
26
217
6
4,540
3,641
899
1,054
21
626
373
34
15,426
5,028
10,398
777
511
1,582
12
123
3,947
1,600
1,846
67,626
982
103,691
31,547
3,596
149
240
652
934
128
76
876
541
27,951
11,510
1,016
4,597
261
23
229
9
4,682
3,682
1,000
954
34
573
312
35
16,441
5,576
10,865
722
569
1,734
13
156
3,994
1,659
2,018
72,144
1,029
Appendix table 2-19

Temporary resident
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
39,104
15,195
4,532
121
445
458
1,836
481
37
789
365
10,663
5,591
258
1,376
46
8
33
5
3,379
2,900
479
532
4
344
160
24
5,072
1,264
3,808
116
178
1,691
1
83
1,152
39,843
15,721
4,419
148
424
412
1,842
475
42
744
332
11,302
6,120
248
1,436
49
2
46
1
3,831
3,405
426
556
13
335
180
28
5,182
1,283
3,899
120
164
1,823
3
77
1,149
41,508
16,344
4,266
122
447
371
1,868
442
29
683
304
12,078
6,682
262
1,455
59
6
49
4
4,363
3,909
454
543
16
342
166
19
5,396
1,369
4,027
114
158
1,903
2
81
1,167
43,264
17,898
4,277
160
359
349
2,054
402
31
596
326
13,621
7,864
270
1,538
57
8
48
1
5,476
4,854
622
523
15
326
168
14
5,757
1,394
4,363
94
160
2,046
3
80
1,286
44,844
18,825
4,550
174
368
315
2,276
381
29
614
393
14,275
8,283
251
1,651
50
3
45
2
5,740
5,060
680
591
10
350
189
42
5,992
1,475
4,517
106
164
2,169
0
74
1,307
45,399
18,559
4,740
171
411
327
2,321
395
40
647
428
13,819
7,741
274
1,967
80
10
65
5
4,752
3,991
761
668
20
397
200
51
6,078
1,503
4,575
115
163
2,199
1
77
1,269
46,405
18,254
4,711
147
436
342
2,176
428
46
650
486
13,543
7,133
266
2,119
76
5
65
6
3,908
3,099
809
764
13
466
243
42
6,410
1,580
4,830
123
175
2,136
3
74
1,479
45,964
17,393
4,389
175
430
326
1,879
375
49
713
442
13,004
6,558
282
2,333
58
9
47
2
3,143
2,433
710
742
13
451
223
55
6,446
1,559
4,887
110
199
2,134
4
59
1,417
44,406
16,526
4,180
151
464
373
1,589
406
45
714
438
12,346
5,967
228
2,330
70
5
64
1
2,566
1,804
762
773
16
468
229
60
6,379
1,474
4,905
124
171
2,198
1
85
1,452
45,934
17,055
4,071
178
518
368
1,425
369
64
715
434
12,984
6,208
243
2,429
82
8
74
0
2,658
1,819
839
796
13
529
209
45
6,776
1,608
5,168
100
235
2,381
1
78
1,461
Appendix table 2-19

Sociology
Non-S&E
2000
299
288
23,909
443
2001
258
305
24,122
543
2002
295
307
25,164
466
2003
349
345
25,366
459
2004
327
370
26,019
516
2005
329
422
26,840
488
2006
390
450
28,151
378
2007
398
566
28,571
379
2008
365
509
27,880
371
2009
356
556
28,879
445
NOTES: Racial/ethnic breakouts for U.S. citizens and permanent residents only; temporary resident includes all racial/ethnic groups. Engineering technologies focused more on applied skills than on fundamental
science and mathematics. Data are based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published data from Science and Engineering
SOURCES: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey; and National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering
Appendix table 2-20

S&E graduate enrollment, by sex and field: 2009
Field
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Sciencea
Natural sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Other geosciences
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies
aIncludes natural
Both sexes
611,629
137,873
5,266
8,188
18,638
41,218
15,825
5,863
21,243
21,632
473,756
303,195
15,200
75,660
14,839
1,355
7,539
2,633
3,312
73,387
51,161
22,226
85,960
32,508
53,452
38,149
1,409
22,094
14,060
586
164,004
56,184
107,820
8,359
16,215
1,006
3,170
43,919
10,307
24,844
6,557
Male
320,738
107,552
4,532
5,572
13,337
34,044
12,025
4,274
18,253
15,515
213,186
146,719
7,715
32,578
8,024
908
4,344
1,202
1,570
52,355
38,108
14,247
20,589
11,652
8,937
25,458
978
12,872
11,214
394
63,719
13,648
50,071
3,022
10,146
597
1,230
20,540
3,777
10,759
2,748
Female
290,891
30,321
734
2,616
5,301
7,174
3,800
1,589
2,990
6,117
260,570
156,476
7,485
43,082
6,815
447
3,195
1,431
1,742
21,032
13,053
7,979
65,371
20,856
44,515
12,691
431
9,222
2,846
192
100,285
42,536
57,749
5,337
6,069
409
1,940
23,379
6,530
14,085
3,809
NOTE: S&E excludes fields that were collected in this survey (architecture, communication, and family and
consumer sciences/human sciences) that are not included in other tables in this report and from other data
sources.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of
Graduate Students and Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, Integrated Science and Engineering
Resources Data System (WebCASPAR), http://webcaspar.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 2-21

S&E graduate enrollment, by citizenship, field, and race/ethnicity: 2009
Field
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Sciencea
Natural sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Other geosciences
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
All citizenships and

race/ethnicities
U.S.
citizen/permanent
resident
611,629
137,873
5,266
8,188
18,638
41,218
15,825
5,863
21,243
21,632
473,756
303,195
15,200
75,660
14,839
1,355
7,539
2,633
3,312
73,387
51,161
22,226
85,960
32,508
53,452
38,149
1,409
22,094
14,060
586
164,004
56,184
107,820
8,359
16,215
1,006
3,170
43,919
442,779
73,031
3,605
4,022
11,750
15,936
9,511
2,949
11,893
13,365
369,748
222,537
11,938
57,904
12,082
1,056
6,036
2,170
2,820
40,236
26,325
13,911
77,306
26,218
51,088
23,071
969
13,515
8,078
509
141,683
53,246
88,437
7,410
8,194
913
2,229
38,328
White
290,813
46,428
2,485
2,809
7,884
8,908
5,305
2,119
8,334
8,584
244,385
152,089
9,421
38,790
9,651
851
4,893
1,743
2,164
25,060
15,533
9,527
52,234
15,322
36,912
16,933
764
9,650
6,134
385
88,874
34,342
54,532
5,361
5,463
704
1,504
22,424
Asian/Pacific
Islander
37,850
9,602
377
536
1,136
3,041
977
362
1,225
1,948
28,248
20,225
399
6,386
415
41
185
46
143
5,373
3,916
1,457
5,781
2,898
2,883
1,871
66
1,180
565
60
7,721
2,659
5,062
337
759
21
210
2,190
Black
35,823
3,872
108
172
528
900
826
112
431
795
31,951
15,553
406
3,663
311
39
113
41
118
2,818
2,088
730
7,376
3,565
3,811
979
6
746
206
21
15,918
5,393
10,525
268
500
51
59
5,243
Hispanic
31,281
4,764
195
225
915
1,072
717
145
749
746
26,517
13,683
749
3,837
585
46
270
141
128
2,159
1,371
788
5,071
2,001
3,070
1,282
37
834
397
14
12,433
5,003
7,430
535
501
72
148
3,362
American
Indian/Alaska
Native
Other/unknown
race/ethnicity
Temporary
Resident
2,935
312
16
14
59
54
61
11
43
54
2,623
1,338
134
342
75
7
43
12
13
175
128
47
493
179
314
119
7
74
31
7
1,231
384
847
134
38
5
40
288
44,077
8,053
424
266
1,228
1,961
1,625
200
1,111
1,238
36,024
19,649
829
4,886
1,045
72
532
187
254
4,651
3,289
1,362
6,351
2,253
4,098
1,887
89
1,031
745
22
15,506
5,465
10,041
775
933
60
268
4,821
168,850
64,842
1,661
4,166
6,888
25,282
6,314
2,914
9,350
8,267
104,008
80,658
3,262
17,756
2,757
299
1,503
463
492
33,151
24,836
8,315
8,654
6,290
2,364
15,078
440
8,579
5,982
77
22,321
2,938
19,383
949
8,021
93
941
5,591
Appendix table 2-21

S&E graduate enrollment, by citizenship, field, and race/ethnicity: 2009
Field
Sociology
aIncludes natural
All citizenships and

race/ethnicities
U.S.
citizen/permanent
resident
10,307
24,844
6,557
9,073
22,290
5,528
White
5,651
13,425
3,422
Asian/Pacific
Islander
469
1,076
302
Black
1,266
3,138
480
Hispanic
857
1,955
401
American
Indian/Alaska
Native
Other/unknown
race/ethnicity
Temporary
Resident
80
262
54
750
2,434
869
1,234
2,554
1,029
NOTE: S&E excludes fields that were collected in this survey (architecture, communication, and family and consumer sciences/human sciences) that are not included in other tables in this report and from other data sources.
Appendix table 2-22

Engineering enrollment, by enrollment level and attendance: 19892009
Year
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
All enrolled
Number
Percent
378,277
100.0
380,287
100.0
379,977
100.0
382,525
100.0
375,944
100.0
367,298
100.0
363,315
100.0
356,177
100.0
365,358
100.0
366,991
100.0
361,395
100.0
390,803
100.0
409,557
100.0
421,178
100.0
421,791
100.0
411,635
100.0
409,326
100.0
405,489
100.0
431,910
100.0
442,952
100.0
468,139
100.0
Undergraduate
Full time
Number
Percent
338,529
89.5
338,842
89.1
339,397
89.3
344,126
90.0
337,817
89.9
328,463
89.4
325,489
89.6
317,772
89.2
326,458
89.4
329,657
89.8
323,713
89.6
353,118
90.4
367,954
89.8
383,109
91.0
384,612
91.2
377,040
91.6
375,112
91.6
371,720
91.7
399,429
92.5
411,345
92.9
435,752
93.1
Part time
Number
Percent
39,748
10.5
41,445
10.9
40,580
10.7
38,399
10.0
38,127
10.1
38,835
10.6
37,826
10.4
38,405
10.8
38,900
10.6
37,334
10.2
37,682
10.4
37,685
9.6
41,603
10.2
38,069
9.0
37,179
8.8
34,595
8.4
34,214
8.4
33,769
8.3
32,481
7.5
31,607
7.1
32,387
6.9
All enrolled
Number
Percent
114,048
100.0
117,834
100.0
123,497
100.0
128,854
100.0
128,081
100.0
122,242
100.0
118,506
100.0
113,063
100.0
112,257
100.0
110,355
100.0
105,005
100.0
118,257
100.0
128,764
100.0
140,240
100.0
147,940
100.0
147,497
100.0
139,755
100.0
139,905
100.0
147,398
100.0
153,106
100.0
160,207
100.0
SOURCE: Engineering Workforce Commission, Engineering & Technology Enrollments, Fall 2009, American Association of Engineering Societies (2010).
Graduate
Full time
Number
Percent
68,967
60.5
72,456
61.5
74,568
60.4
78,651
61.0
78,885
61.6
74,596
61.0
72,215
60.9
70,129
62.0
70,447
62.8
69,519
63.0
67,633
64.4
81,821
69.2
87,187
67.7
97,752
69.7
103,223
69.8
102,975
69.8
97,676
69.9
99,750
71.3
104,936
71.2
110,430
72.1
114,555
71.5
Part time
Number
Percent
45,081
39.5
45,378
38.5
48,929
39.6
50,203
39.0
49,196
38.4
47,646
39.0
46,291
39.1
42,934
38.0
41,810
37.2
40,836
37.0
37,372
35.6
36,436
30.8
41,577
32.3
42,488
30.3
44,717
30.2
44,522
30.2
42,079
30.1
40,155
28.7
42,462
28.8
42,676
27.9
45,652
28.5
Appendix table 2-23

First-time full-time S&E graduate students, by citizenship and field: 2009
Citizenship and field
All citizenships
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Sciencea
Natural sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Other geosciences
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
aIncludes natural
All citizenships
Temporary resident
129,731
30,230
1,176
1,910
4,878
8,831
2,908
1,302
4,814
4,411
99,501
63,707
2,994
15,838
3,153
250
1,682
517
704
15,445
10,557
4,888
19,001
7,714
11,287
7,276
250
4,331
2,571
124
34,382
10,980
23,402
1,452
4,465
119
632
9,736
1,761
5,237
1,412
88,183
13,749
753
927
3,017
2,295
1,121
592
2,477
2,567
74,434
44,896
2,359
12,159
2,533
199
1,323
424
587
6,467
3,659
2,808
16,954
6,186
10,768
4,424
191
2,683
1,455
95
28,407
10,347
18,060
1,325
2,213
106
419
7,926
1,531
4,540
1,131
41,548
16,481
423
983
1,861
6,536
1,787
710
2,337
1,844
25,067
18,811
635
3,679
620
51
359
93
117
8,978
6,898
2,080
2,047
1,528
519
2,852
59
1,648
1,116
29
5,975
633
5,342
127
2,252
13
213
1,810
230
697
281
NOTE: S&E excludes fields that were collected in this survey (architecture, communication, and family and consumer sciences/human
sciences) that are not included in other tables in this report and from other data sources.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Graduate Students and
Postdoctorates in Science and Engineering, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System (WebCASPAR),
http://webcaspar.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 2-24

Foreign graduate student enrollment in U.S. universities, by field and selected places of origin: November 2009 and 2010
Place of origin
November 2009
All locations
India
China
South Korea
Taiwan
Turkey
Canada
Nepal
Japan
Mexico
Colombia
Saudi Arabia
Nigeria
Pakistan
Brazil
United Kingdom
Vietnam
Malaysia
Ghana
Singapore
Kenya
Other locations
November 2010
All locations
India
China
South Korea
Taiwan
Turkey
Canada
Nepal
Saudi Arabia
Japan
Mexico
Colombia
Nigeria
Pakistan
Brazil
Vietnam
United Kingdom
Singapore
Ghana
Malaysia
Kenya
Other locations
All fields
S&E
Agricultural
sciences
Biological
sciences
Computer
sciences Engineering Mathematics
294,070
81,500
63,860
25,060
15,620
5,630
11,250
3,630
5,120
3,120
2,560
3,220
2,470
1,580
2,600
2,330
1,820
1,280
1,410
1,260
1,620
57,120
172,250
61,420
42,440
10,120
6,530
3,480
3,120
2,220
2,060
1,500
1,480
1,330
1,030
990
920
840
820
710
680
670
620
29,290
3,970
750
1,000
220
160
20
100
150
60
100
70
10
50
10
120
20
20
30
50
10
70
940
18,990
5,620
5,590
1,000
1,030
250
510
220
260
160
260
90
120
40
170
120
60
140
70
140
70
3,080
29,550
17,520
4,660
960
740
340
160
500
100
110
70
360
120
220
70
40
170
50
40
60
50
3,230
70,680
31,990
15,670
4,010
2,720
1,360
630
590
290
500
530
530
460
460
150
120
230
290
160
220
80
9,700
297,240
81,590
73,040
23,500
14,020
5,230
9,930
3,690
4,140
4,330
3,060
2,460
2,740
1,480
2,560
1,950
2,250
1,240
1,370
1,220
1,450
56,020
176,120
62,450
47,370
9,210
6,100
3,260
2,690
2,310
1,790
1,710
1,470
1,370
1,190
940
900
860
810
710
700
690
560
29,040
3,950
690
1,090
200
140
20
90
150
20
60
90
80
40
10
120
20
20
10
60
30
60
950
18,620
5,630
5,550
860
980
240
460
260
140
210
160
240
120
40
170
60
100
160
80
150
70
2,920
32,110
19,180
5,470
890
740
340
130
470
500
90
100
70
160
230
70
170
40
60
40
50
40
3,260
72,860
31,550
18,220
3,600
2,580
1,280
670
640
680
240
500
480
520
420
150
250
120
240
170
280
70
10,230
Physical
sciences
Psychology
Social
sciences
Non-S&E
8,850
820
4,340
610
300
160
160
110
80
90
110
50
20
20
40
40
100
30
60
30
30
1,650
17,860
3,190
6,630
910
600
340
290
410
190
170
190
90
110
90
60
120
90
70
110
60
140
4,010
3,240
250
340
280
220
90
560
10
180
40
20
20
20
10
60
70
0
50
20
40
30
950
19,120
1,280
4,210
2,130
770
920
720
240
890
340
230
180
140
140
260
310
140
60
170
120
160
5,720
121,820
20,080
21,410
14,940
9,100
2,150
8,130
1,410
3,060
1,620
1,080
1,900
1,450
590
1,690
1,500
1,000
570
730
600
1,000
27,840
9,470
810
5,000
580
290
160
150
100
80
70
90
90
40
20
50
110
50
40
70
30
30
1,620
18,200
3,220
6,970
830
610
330
270
440
120
180
170
170
130
80
70
110
120
70
110
60
140
4,020
1,690
130
290
170
90
50
230
10
0
100
20
10
0
0
20
0
40
20
0
30
10
460
19,240
1,240
4,790
2,070
690
840
680
250
240
770
340
230
170
140
260
140
320
120
170
60
140
5,580
121,120
19,140
25,660
14,290
7,920
1,970
7,240
1,370
2,350
2,620
1,590
1,080
1,550
540
1,670
1,090
1,440
540
670
530
890
26,980
NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 10. Countries ordered by number of S&E students. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
SOURCE: Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services, Student and Exchange Visitor Information System database, special tabulations (2011).
Appendix table 2-25

Earned masters degrees, by sex and field: 200009
Sex and field
Both sexes
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Male
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
460,142
96,230
25,738
560
1,352
4,140
8,341
3,048
759
3,378
4,160
70,492
33,326
3,858
6,329
1,345
156
1,104
85
18,281
14,986
3,295
3,513
102
1,909
1,244
258
37,166
13,806
23,360
950
1,511
2,515
24
553
13,038
2,036
2,733
363,912
471,329
99,528
26,436
611
1,368
4,010
8,596
3,375
706
3,471
4,299
73,092
35,471
3,752
6,487
1,363
140
1,121
102
20,132
16,852
3,280
3,737
93
2,009
1,376
259
37,621
14,449
23,172
1,092
1,511
2,492
26
552
12,937
1,901
2,661
371,801
485,535
99,650
26,180
682
1,267
3,945
8,246
3,375
624
3,516
4,525
73,470
35,780
4,019
6,341
1,406
141
1,151
114
20,389
16,965
3,424
3,625
112
1,867
1,353
293
37,690
14,204
23,486
1,017
1,473
2,651
35
520
13,200
1,957
2,633
385,885
516,098
108,355
29,472
702
1,364
4,188
10,038
3,842
717
3,802
4,819
78,883
39,300
3,955
6,883
1,491
167
1,203
121
23,311
19,590
3,721
3,660
123
1,830
1,453
254
39,583
14,885
24,698
1,043
1,427
2,951
25
525
14,135
1,929
2,663
407,743
562,862
119,296
33,922
870
1,506
4,445
12,220
4,247
800
4,555
5,279
85,374
41,970
4,221
7,644
1,570
179
1,248
143
24,505
20,208
4,297
4,030
150
2,056
1,637
187
43,404
15,700
27,704
1,098
1,616
3,201
25
574
15,780
2,031
3,379
443,566
578,964
120,870
33,899
935
1,506
4,631
11,613
3,937
790
4,739
5,748
86,971
41,078
4,171
8,120
1,637
212
1,314
111
23,086
18,489
4,597
4,064
159
1,912
1,794
199
45,893
16,478
29,415
1,107
1,662
3,504
29
611
17,421
1,518
3,563
458,094
599,365
120,999
32,263
936
1,432
4,493
10,456
3,558
765
4,542
6,081
88,736
40,808
4,100
8,718
1,684
206
1,350
128
22,028
17,138
4,890
4,278
146
2,097
1,853
182
47,928
17,302
30,626
1,156
2,017
3,330
41
621
18,073
1,577
3,811
478,366
610,469
120,278
30,936
912
1,230
4,184
10,093
3,505
787
4,365
5,860
89,342
40,144
4,126
8,794
1,632
193
1,312
127
21,349
16,314
5,035
4,243
152
2,144
1,792
155
49,198
18,594
30,604
1,214
1,641
3,351
28
583
18,525
1,575
3,687
490,191
631,711
126,404
33,177
1,036
1,230
4,327
11,232
3,659
768
4,556
6,369
93,227
41,914
4,120
9,565
1,552
199
1,222
131
22,303
17,151
5,152
4,374
166
2,236
1,799
173
51,313
18,836
32,477
1,145
1,722
3,576
47
610
19,933
1,571
3,873
505,307
665,473
134,517
36,510
1,075
1,285
4,570
12,698
4,313
836
4,689
7,044
98,007
43,397
4,349
9,921
1,579
225
1,224
130
23,447
17,988
5,459
4,101
139
2,131
1,657
174
54,610
20,744
33,866
1,248
1,672
3,651
33
720
20,575
1,601
4,366
530,956
192,821
54,560
20,396
484
1,008
3,065
195,277
55,884
20,819
521
1,016
2,951
200,199
55,939
20,617
557
932
2,883
212,513
61,183
23,301
596
1,021
3,041
230,786
67,215
26,774
721
1,089
3,234
234,829
67,244
26,287
771
1,081
3,309
239,418
66,249
24,784
781
1,046
3,147
239,892
65,353
23,957
742
854
2,969
248,971
68,810
25,540
864
877
3,091
263,478
73,489
28,271
906
887
3,214
Appendix table 2-25

Sex and field
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Female
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
2000
6,781
2,400
558
2,923
3,177
34,164
19,765
2,039
2,816
832
119
670
43
11,780
9,983
1,797
2,298
77
1,086
1,000
135
14,399
3,443
10,956
363
643
1,563
18
146
6,317
649
1,257
138,261
2001
6,921
2,591
534
3,023
3,262
35,065
20,934
1,915
2,732
799
100
649
50
13,052
11,161
1,891
2,436
57
1,184
1,090
105
14,131
3,510
10,621
403
619
1,519
16
172
6,094
643
1,155
139,393
2002
6,685
2,583
456
3,048
3,473
35,322
21,097
2,022
2,668
834
95
678
61
13,274
11,325
1,949
2,299
85
1,015
1,067
132
14,225
3,426
10,799
375
608
1,601
18
160
6,213
642
1,182
144,260
2003
8,136
2,999
536
3,343
3,629
37,882
23,356
1,896
2,864
879
112
702
65
15,375
13,335
2,040
2,342
81
1,001
1,140
120
14,526
3,478
11,048
388
554
1,790
15
145
6,399
633
1,124
151,330
2004
9,822
3,341
601
3,992
3,974
40,441
24,768
1,965
3,160
869
112
682
75
16,257
13,910
2,347
2,517
97
1,106
1,224
90
15,673
3,465
12,208
377
656
1,949
11
164
6,947
673
1,431
163,571
2005
9,133
3,018
586
4,140
4,249
40,957
24,417
1,951
3,233
927
143
737
47
15,766
13,180
2,586
2,540
97
973
1,372
98
16,540
3,560
12,980
370
687
2,113
17
178
7,614
485
1,516
167,585
2006
8,243
2,640
565
3,909
4,453
41,465
24,457
1,947
3,612
923
135
738
50
15,323
12,520
2,803
2,652
80
1,073
1,414
85
17,008
3,665
13,343
395
794
2,011
30
171
7,850
467
1,625
173,169
2007
8,079
2,628
578
3,782
4,325
41,396
23,946
1,859
3,541
891
124
713
54
14,975
12,038
2,937
2,680
93
1,139
1,375
73
17,450
3,915
13,535
375
644
2,045
10
175
8,209
485
1,592
174,539
2008
8,882
2,734
549
3,896
4,647
43,270
24,982
1,872
3,954
847
126
663
58
15,500
12,555
2,945
2,809
104
1,201
1,421
83
18,288
3,920
14,368
379
662
2,192
24
212
8,694
512
1,693
180,161
2009
10,198
3,247
594
3,990
5,235
45,218
25,944
2,031
4,146
848
134
658
56
16,332
13,119
3,213
2,587
82
1,134
1,286
85
19,274
4,382
14,892
410
622
2,145
17
217
8,979
536
1,966
189,989
267,321
41,670
5,342
76
344
1,075
1,560
648
201
455
983
36,328
13,561
276,052
43,644
5,617
90
352
1,059
1,675
784
172
448
1,037
38,027
14,537
285,336
43,711
5,563
125
335
1,062
1,561
792
168
468
1,052
38,148
14,683
303,585
47,172
6,171
106
343
1,147
1,902
843
181
459
1,190
41,001
15,944
332,076
52,081
7,148
149
417
1,211
2,398
906
199
563
1,305
44,933
17,202
344,135
53,626
7,612
164
425
1,322
2,480
919
204
599
1,499
46,014
16,661
359,947
54,750
7,479
155
386
1,346
2,213
918
200
633
1,628
47,271
16,351
370,577
54,925
6,979
170
376
1,215
2,014
877
209
583
1,535
47,946
16,198
382,740
57,594
7,637
172
353
1,236
2,350
925
219
660
1,722
49,957
16,932
401,995
61,028
8,239
169
398
1,356
2,500
1,066
242
699
1,809
52,789
17,453
Appendix table 2-25

Sex and field
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
2000
1,819
3,513
513
37
434
42
6,501
5,003
1,498
1,215
25
823
244
123
22,767
10,363
12,404
587
868
952
6
407
6,721
1,387
1,476
225,651
2001
1,837
3,755
564
40
472
52
7,080
5,691
1,389
1,301
36
825
286
154
23,490
10,939
12,551
689
892
973
10
380
6,843
1,258
1,506
232,408
2002
1,997
3,673
572
46
473
53
7,115
5,640
1,475
1,326
27
852
286
161
23,465
10,778
12,687
642
865
1,050
17
360
6,987
1,315
1,451
241,625
2003
2,059
4,019
612
55
501
56
7,936
6,255
1,681
1,318
42
829
313
134
25,057
11,407
13,650
655
873
1,161
10
380
7,736
1,296
1,539
256,413
2004
2,256
4,484
701
67
566
68
8,248
6,298
1,950
1,513
53
950
413
97
27,731
12,235
15,496
721
960
1,252
14
410
8,833
1,358
1,948
279,995
2005
2,220
4,887
710
69
577
64
7,320
5,309
2,011
1,524
62
939
422
101
29,353
12,918
16,435
737
975
1,391
12
433
9,807
1,033
2,047
290,509
2006
2,153
5,106
761
71
612
78
6,705
4,618
2,087
1,626
66
1,024
439
97
30,920
13,637
17,283
761
1,223
1,319
11
450
10,223
1,110
2,186
305,197
2007
2,267
5,253
741
69
599
73
6,374
4,276
2,098
1,563
59
1,005
417
82
31,748
14,679
17,069
839
997
1,306
18
408
10,316
1,090
2,095
315,652
2008
2,248
5,611
705
73
559
73
6,803
4,596
2,207
1,565
62
1,035
378
90
33,025
14,916
18,109
766
1,060
1,384
23
398
11,239
1,059
2,180
325,146
2009
2,318
5,775
731
91
566
74
7,115
4,869
2,246
1,514
57
997
371
89
35,336
16,362
18,974
838
1,050
1,506
16
503
11,596
1,065
2,400
340,967
NOTES: Data based on degree-granting institutions eligible to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published data from Science and Engineering
SOURCES: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey; and National Science Foundation, National
Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System (WebCASPAR), http://webcaspar.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 2-26

Earned masters degrees, by citizenship, field, and race/ethnicity: 200009
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
460,142
96,230
25,738
560
1,352
4,140
8,341
3,048
759
3,378
4,160
70,492
33,326
3,858
6,329
1,345
156
1,104
85
18,281
14,986
3,295
3,513
102
1,909
1,244
258
37,166
13,806
23,360
950
1,511
2,515
24
553
13,038
2,036
2,733
363,912
471,329
99,528
26,436
611
1,368
4,010
8,596
3,375
706
3,471
4,299
73,092
35,471
3,752
6,487
1,363
140
1,121
102
20,132
16,852
3,280
3,737
93
2,009
1,376
259
37,621
14,449
23,172
1,092
1,511
2,492
26
552
12,937
1,901
2,661
371,801
485,535
99,650
26,180
682
1,267
3,945
8,246
3,375
624
3,516
4,525
73,470
35,780
4,019
6,341
1,406
141
1,151
114
20,389
16,965
3,424
3,625
112
1,867
1,353
293
37,690
14,204
23,486
1,017
1,473
2,651
35
520
13,200
1,957
2,633
385,885
516,098
108,355
29,472
702
1,364
4,188
10,038
3,842
717
3,802
4,819
78,883
39,300
3,955
6,883
1,491
167
1,203
121
23,311
19,590
3,721
3,660
123
1,830
1,453
254
39,583
14,885
24,698
1,043
1,427
2,951
25
525
14,135
1,929
2,663
407,743
562,862
119,296
33,922
870
1,506
4,445
12,220
4,247
800
4,555
5,279
85,374
41,970
4,221
7,644
1,570
179
1,248
143
24,505
20,208
4,297
4,030
150
2,056
1,637
187
43,404
15,700
27,704
1,098
1,616
3,201
25
574
15,780
2,031
3,379
443,566
578,964
120,870
33,899
935
1,506
4,631
11,613
3,937
790
4,739
5,748
86,971
41,078
4,171
8,120
1,637
212
1,314
111
23,086
18,489
4,597
4,064
159
1,912
1,794
199
45,893
16,478
29,415
1,107
1,662
3,504
29
611
17,421
1,518
3,563
458,094
599,365
120,999
32,263
936
1,432
4,493
10,456
3,558
765
4,542
6,081
88,736
40,808
4,100
8,718
1,684
206
1,350
128
22,028
17,138
4,890
4,278
146
2,097
1,853
182
47,928
17,302
30,626
1,156
2,017
3,330
41
621
18,073
1,577
3,811
478,366
610,469
120,278
30,936
912
1,230
4,184
10,093
3,505
787
4,365
5,860
89,342
40,144
4,126
8,794
1,632
193
1,312
127
21,349
16,314
5,035
4,243
152
2,144
1,792
155
49,198
18,594
30,604
1,214
1,641
3,351
28
583
18,525
1,575
3,687
490,191
631,711
126,404
33,177
1,036
1,230
4,327
11,232
3,659
768
4,556
6,369
93,227
41,914
4,120
9,565
1,552
199
1,222
131
22,303
17,151
5,152
4,374
166
2,236
1,799
173
51,313
18,836
32,477
1,145
1,722
3,576
47
610
19,933
1,571
3,873
505,307
665,473
134,517
36,510
1,075
1,285
4,570
12,698
4,313
836
4,689
7,044
98,007
43,397
4,349
9,921
1,579
225
1,224
130
23,447
17,988
5,459
4,101
139
2,131
1,657
174
54,610
20,744
33,866
1,248
1,672
3,651
33
720
20,575
1,601
4,366
530,956
404,158
71,415
15,914
339
721
3,048
409,897
72,085
15,434
360
726
2,777
421,846
72,074
15,380
395
662
2,591
444,498
75,952
16,125
417
656
2,684
487,965
83,835
18,282
579
704
2,782
505,724
87,402
19,034
645
739
3,080
527,585
90,157
18,972
683
734
3,070
542,133
91,595
19,276
731
691
2,968
558,844
94,318
19,749
798
609
3,054
585,823
98,503
20,940
839
626
3,233
Appendix table 2-26

Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
White
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
2000
4,232
1,872
483
2,212
3,007
55,501
22,990
3,342
5,579
1,150
118
962
70
10,546
8,362
2,184
2,373
80
1,310
761
222
32,511
13,336
19,175
864
1,282
1,209
22
380
11,114
1,845
2,459
332,743
2001
3,924
1,966
406
2,221
3,054
56,651
23,725
3,281
5,614
1,191
116
987
88
11,141
9,091
2,050
2,498
65
1,388
808
237
32,926
13,981
18,945
1,004
1,283
1,172
21
394
10,954
1,744
2,373
337,812
2002
4,004
1,945
380
2,213
3,190
56,694
24,102
3,540
5,536
1,207
113
1,001
93
11,382
9,252
2,130
2,437
77
1,261
829
270
32,592
13,719
18,873
918
1,249
1,191
33
351
11,053
1,766
2,312
349,772
2003
4,362
2,077
378
2,214
3,337
59,827
25,722
3,440
5,882
1,285
128
1,046
111
12,632
10,423
2,209
2,483
94
1,297
851
241
34,105
14,201
19,904
960
1,201
1,337
18
353
11,913
1,744
2,378
368,546
2004
5,303
2,271
417
2,630
3,596
65,553
27,903
3,575
6,530
1,312
135
1,058
119
13,824
11,312
2,512
2,662
102
1,384
1,010
166
37,650
15,081
22,569
993
1,363
1,493
22
398
13,415
1,832
3,053
404,130
2005
5,214
2,178
451
2,827
3,900
68,368
28,378
3,575
6,910
1,390
166
1,132
92
13,795
10,975
2,820
2,708
122
1,289
1,121
176
39,990
15,827
24,163
1,034
1,426
1,774
23
422
14,926
1,349
3,209
418,322
2006
4,970
2,102
431
2,818
4,164
71,185
28,828
3,539
7,430
1,431
161
1,162
108
13,573
10,489
3,084
2,855
117
1,396
1,175
167
42,357
16,672
25,685
1,064
1,756
1,778
32
450
15,735
1,409
3,461
437,428
2007
5,068
2,165
456
2,841
4,356
72,319
28,599
3,587
7,468
1,416
158
1,156
102
13,293
10,027
3,266
2,835
114
1,432
1,148
141
43,720
17,931
25,789
1,109
1,439
1,827
26
404
16,235
1,411
3,338
450,538
2008
5,211
2,077
432
2,981
4,587
74,569
28,967
3,556
8,100
1,348
173
1,061
114
13,014
9,746
3,268
2,949
128
1,524
1,138
159
45,602
18,182
27,420
1,053
1,469
1,954
39
442
17,477
1,432
3,554
464,526
2009
5,545
2,264
452
2,895
5,086
77,563
28,982
3,773
8,211
1,345
203
1,039
103
12,886
9,641
3,245
2,767
114
1,436
1,064
153
48,581
20,115
28,466
1,136
1,423
1,992
28
547
17,950
1,440
3,950
487,320
299,781
50,130
11,020
284
501
2,337
2,474
1,238
373
1,630
2,183
39,110
16,154
296,202
48,920
10,391
277
487
2,128
2,216
1,266
293
1,557
2,167
38,529
15,989
299,441
48,583
10,337
310
435
1,930
2,287
1,247
282
1,583
2,263
38,246
16,270
309,126
50,191
10,615
327
431
1,994
2,401
1,298
280
1,605
2,279
39,576
16,947
330,212
54,729
11,763
444
455
2,089
2,815
1,364
304
1,840
2,452
42,966
18,313
342,100
56,535
12,198
490
452
2,245
2,785
1,226
314
2,042
2,644
44,337
18,794
352,593
58,127
12,084
506
481
2,277
2,609
1,207
305
1,968
2,731
46,043
19,270
355,075
58,408
11,949
534
435
2,126
2,580
1,218
328
1,997
2,731
46,459
18,851
362,206
59,126
12,077
601
369
2,196
2,546
1,168
288
2,073
2,836
47,049
18,767
374,920
60,774
12,428
650
388
2,252
2,446
1,255
309
2,011
3,117
48,346
18,622
Appendix table 2-26

Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
2000
2,864
4,183
1,036
111
861
64
6,296
4,641
1,655
1,775
65
930
585
195
22,956
9,721
13,235
686
890
839
20
295
7,429
1,254
1,822
249,651
2001
2,782
4,124
1,043
99
876
68
6,166
4,651
1,515
1,874
47
992
627
208
22,540
9,885
12,655
800
792
840
18
284
7,013
1,178
1,730
247,282
2002
2,951
4,088
1,065
98
890
77
6,383
4,828
1,555
1,783
59
877
613
234
21,976
9,452
12,524
705
763
827
23
270
7,066
1,183
1,687
250,858
2003
2,898
4,291
1,125
117
914
94
6,808
5,185
1,623
1,825
67
905
642
211
22,629
9,694
12,935
743
691
828
13
258
7,518
1,177
1,707
258,935
2004
2,953
4,617
1,144
120
921
103
7,576
5,781
1,795
2,023
76
1,012
790
145
24,653
10,175
14,478
770
838
927
17
290
8,361
1,202
2,073
275,483
2005
2,930
4,876
1,197
149
963
85
7,800
5,818
1,982
1,991
98
886
851
156
25,543
10,410
15,133
779
809
1,097
20
300
9,107
858
2,163
285,565
2006
2,880
5,248
1,217
141
982
94
7,830
5,715
2,115
2,095
97
963
883
152
26,773
11,048
15,725
786
938
1,077
29
298
9,406
906
2,285
294,466
2007
2,886
5,073
1,232
140
1,006
86
7,650
5,463
2,187
2,010
91
977
820
122
27,608
11,646
15,962
811
825
1,161
20
282
9,723
912
2,228
296,667
2008
2,953
5,242
1,114
148
869
97
7,368
5,176
2,192
2,090
106
1,032
838
114
28,282
11,561
16,721
778
813
1,173
34
311
10,272
915
2,425
303,080
2009
3,023
5,299
1,148
177
884
87
7,258
5,080
2,178
1,894
80
941
754
119
29,724
12,581
17,143
843
786
1,271
25
383
10,319
894
2,622
314,146
21,720
7,032
2,380
26
114
283
1,062
192
54
265
384
4,652
3,199
94
595
22
4
17
1
2,248
22,309
7,056
2,399
37
120
220
1,014
210
55
358
385
4,657
3,164
97
540
28
5
17
6
2,279
23,134
6,839
2,190
29
96
203
915
189
43
315
400
4,649
3,165
126
537
37
7
25
5
2,252
24,616
7,601
2,431
39
96
240
1,047
273
52
262
422
5,170
3,530
99
646
28
4
18
6
2,526
27,526
8,642
3,016
51
135
254
1,435
284
53
347
457
5,626
3,760
111
762
39
5
28
6
2,652
29,378
8,891
3,094
55
106
298
1,381
332
64
324
534
5,797
3,748
111
795
31
4
26
1
2,568
30,362
8,731
3,186
64
110
277
1,333
319
63
360
660
5,545
3,406
84
820
30
5
23
2
2,252
32,056
9,088
3,355
74
103
306
1,444
313
65
343
707
5,733
3,526
128
883
25
5
16
4
2,211
32,942
9,177
3,494
74
93
298
1,548
301
65
370
745
5,683
3,396
102
977
38
5
27
6
2,043
35,086
9,664
3,929
82
101
309
1,958
272
68
359
780
5,735
3,365
137
1,037
24
3
17
4
1,908
Appendix table 2-26

Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Black
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
2000
2,068
180
240
5
172
53
10
1,453
473
980
39
78
132
0
42
516
66
107
14,688
2001
2,074
205
220
5
153
56
6
1,493
503
990
39
101
113
0
43
534
70
90
15,253
2002
2,038
214
213
4
125
66
18
1,484
530
954
34
90
119
2
26
512
86
85
16,295
2003
2,305
221
231
7
157
57
10
1,640
531
1,109
42
97
156
2
32
601
95
84
17,015
2004
2,377
275
196
6
128
60
2
1,866
593
1,273
43
93
157
3
37
717
106
117
18,884
2005
2,244
324
243
7
154
74
8
2,049
597
1,452
44
111
185
1
41
855
78
137
20,487
2006
1,856
396
220
2
137
78
3
2,139
651
1,488
39
126
207
1
43
862
71
139
21,631
2007
1,754
457
279
4
177
94
4
2,207
733
1,474
51
110
191
1
32
880
62
147
22,968
2008
1,627
416
236
2
154
78
2
2,287
724
1,563
46
113
211
1
35
952
67
138
23,765
2009
1,477
431
259
12
178
66
3
2,370
765
1,605
59
117
221
1
38
942
67
160
25,422
33,589
5,563
658
7
34
93
183
90
15
91
145
4,905
1,179
84
223
7
0
6
1
748
650
98
117
0
65
44
8
35,426
6,174
699
10
34
102
188
119
9
89
148
5,475
1,382
96
313
21
4
15
2
822
709
113
130
0
82
41
7
36,936
6,230
735
14
31
101
189
141
19
71
169
5,495
1,374
88
288
18
2
15
1
859
746
113
121
2
74
37
8
40,090
6,919
823
7
43
96
226
158
14
78
201
6,096
1,606
103
298
18
2
13
3
1,075
977
98
112
1
76
32
3
45,183
7,511
853
11
31
76
238
170
21
85
221
6,658
1,678
102
385
22
3
16
3
1,049
934
115
120
1
87
27
5
49,109
7,764
869
19
56
100
230
152
19
81
212
6,895
1,602
85
377
17
3
13
1
1,022
887
135
101
2
55
39
5
52,844
8,011
883
22
37
88
226
171
12
86
241
7,128
1,691
96
406
30
7
21
2
1,007
853
154
152
3
93
51
5
55,624
8,371
926
26
39
106
251
152
9
85
258
7,445
1,753
113
438
23
3
18
2
1,056
898
158
123
0
74
43
6
57,473
8,908
977
25
46
118
260
155
15
101
257
7,931
1,878
98
500
29
4
22
3
1,106
950
156
145
61,713
9,339
971
19
31
106
246
166
25
86
292
8,368
1,826
124
474
26
6
18
2
1,059
919
140
143
4
97
36
6
110
30
5
Appendix table 2-26

Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Hispanic
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
2000
3,726
1,347
2,379
33
91
71
0
4
1,585
344
251
28,026
2001
4,093
1,601
2,492
37
86
66
1
14
1,754
294
240
29,252
2002
4,121
1,643
2,478
32
108
76
2
5
1,718
285
252
30,706
2003
4,490
1,829
2,661
33
121
67
0
7
1,861
274
298
33,171
2004
4,980
1,942
3,038
31
127
70
0
3
2,057
301
449
37,672
2005
5,293
2,142
3,151
30
135
96
0
9
2,243
205
433
41,345
2006
5,437
1,996
3,441
32
136
100
1
13
2,451
201
507
44,833
2007
5,692
2,253
3,439
41
142
101
2
14
2,490
190
459
47,253
2008
6,053
2,411
3,642
43
156
120
2
7
2,668
201
445
48,565
2009
6,542
2,724
3,818
30
152
111
1
16
2,825
202
481
52,374
20,911
3,762
852
13
39
180
211
172
15
99
123
2,910
935
133
268
30
2
26
2
408
308
100
96
2
56
34
4
1,975
842
1,133
37
97
67
0
22,450
4,113
835
11
40
167
172
191
21
93
140
3,278
1,124
123
310
28
0
25
3
544
472
72
119
1
74
37
7
2,154
946
1,208
45
111
53
1
23,356
4,106
853
19
45
187
179
205
15
87
116
3,253
1,050
175
267
35
1
31
3
437
355
82
136
2
72
56
6
2,203
962
1,241
59
109
57
0
25,517
4,384
862
13
39
152
238
162
6
116
136
3,522
1,252
132
268
28
2
24
2
680
572
108
144
2
90
41
11
2,270
974
1,296
48
119
79
1
29,905
5,111
1,130
21
40
163
340
229
16
157
164
3,981
1,392
171
330
36
2
32
2
728
615
113
127
3
70
44
10
2,589
1,102
1,487
58
116
80
0
32,435
5,380
1,145
38
41
208
274
239
26
151
168
4,235
1,362
185
362
47
3
43
1
628
498
130
140
2
84
49
5
2,873
1,222
1,651
62
132
111
0
34,081
5,681
1,094
26
49
185
281
212
17
153
171
4,587
1,459
196
373
51
2
47
2
671
506
165
168
6
107
54
1
3,128
1,331
1,797
60
174
100
0
36,456
6,041
1,220
38
43
199
294
238
21
171
216
4,821
1,451
176
418
42
5
33
4
670
491
179
145
3
79
60
3
3,370
1,466
1,904
67
144
86
1
37,354
6,216
1,243
32
42
208
294
256
22
160
229
4,973
1,490
157
466
57
11
43
3
654
473
181
156
6
90
53
7
3,483
1,543
1,940
59
184
81
1
40,395
6,634
1,317
34
46
217
290
283
16
183
248
5,317
1,528
206
461
41
6
32
3
655
497
158
165
4
89
67
5
3,789
1,670
2,119
83
164
92
1
Appendix table 2-26

Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
All fields
2000
18
702
110
102
17,149
2001
27
736
116
119
18,337
2002
19
743
140
114
19,250
2003
23
802
117
107
21,133
2004
26
909
139
159
24,794
2005
26
1,026
111
183
27,055
2006
42
1,070
126
225
28,400
2007
37
1,248
112
209
30,415
2008
33
1,252
105
225
31,138
2009
43
1,343
140
253
33,761
2,109
383
64
0
3
14
14
8
4
7
14
319
108
23
26
9
0
9
0
41
32
9
9
0
5
3
1
211
69
142
14
16
3
0
1
62
30
16
1,726
2,293
476
60
2
4
10
10
15
1
7
11
416
147
18
29
11
0
8
3
80
71
9
9
0
7
2
0
269
107
162
17
20
7
1
1
70
28
18
1,817
2,410
421
56
4
2
11
13
8
2
6
10
365
119
25
34
4
0
4
0
41
33
8
15
0
11
4
0
246
97
149
12
20
10
1
4
74
17
11
1,989
2,574
457
69
2
2
13
18
8
1
9
16
388
126
24
31
9
0
9
0
50
42
8
12
1
5
5
1
262
109
153
11
33
6
0
1
78
17
7
2,117
2,857
540
85
6
0
16
10
19
1
21
12
455
136
23
33
7
0
7
0
65
58
7
8
0
3
5
0
319
112
207
19
27
6
0
2
118
17
18
2,317
2,969
501
82
2
4
13
20
18
1
6
18
419
134
27
29
11
1
10
0
56
47
9
11
1
6
3
1
285
118
167
14
27
10
0
6
90
7
13
2,468
3,142
568
87
8
2
17
17
9
1
11
22
481
168
35
46
4
0
4
0
69
58
11
14
0
9
3
2
313
118
195
21
28
3
0
2
107
10
24
2,574
3,178
552
73
5
7
15
5
13
0
12
16
479
141
34
32
9
1
8
0
54
40
14
12
0
8
3
1
338
114
224
25
25
12
0
2
134
9
17
2,626
3,324
553
86
1
3
13
28
14
2
10
15
467
162
31
55
7
3,310
560
89
7
3
18
18
13
10
55
44
11
14
8
5
1
305
104
201
16
32
8
44
36
8
19
1
9
8
1
334
116
218
16
25
9
2
117
12
14
2,771
4
135
8
21
2,750
26,048
31,217
36,569
42,575
52,282
49,733
54,563
59,744
65,545
70,399
9
21
471
137
26
38
10
Appendix table 2-26

S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Temporary resident
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
2000
4,545
940
9
30
141
288
172
22
120
158
3,605
1,415
144
284
46
1
43
2
805
663
142
136
8
82
42
4
2,190
884
1,306
55
110
97
2
20
820
41
161
21,503
2001
5,346
1,050
23
41
150
324
165
27
117
203
4,296
1,919
165
298
60
8
46
6
1,250
1,114
136
146
12
80
45
9
2,377
939
1,438
66
173
93
0
25
847
58
176
25,871
2002
5,895
1,209
19
53
159
421
155
19
151
232
4,686
2,124
175
322
48
5
36
7
1,410
1,252
158
169
10
102
53
4
2,562
1,035
1,527
76
159
102
5
27
940
55
163
30,674
2003
6,400
1,325
29
45
189
432
178
25
144
283
5,075
2,261
184
348
77
3
68
6
1,493
1,342
151
159
16
64
74
5
2,814
1,064
1,750
83
140
201
2
32
1,053
64
175
36,175
2004
7,302
1,435
46
43
184
465
205
22
180
290
5,867
2,624
215
403
64
5
54
5
1,754
1,547
207
188
16
84
84
4
3,243
1,157
2,086
72
162
253
2
40
1,253
67
237
44,980
2005
8,331
1,646
41
80
216
524
211
27
223
324
6,685
2,738
237
471
87
6
77
4
1,721
1,481
240
222
12
104
105
1
3,947
1,338
2,609
105
212
275
2
40
1,605
90
280
41,402
2006
9,039
1,638
57
55
226
504
184
33
240
339
7,401
2,834
248
537
99
6
85
8
1,744
1,501
243
206
9
87
106
4
4,567
1,528
3,039
126
354
291
1
52
1,839
95
281
45,524
2007
9,135
1,753
54
64
216
494
231
33
233
428
7,382
2,877
250
624
85
4
75
6
1,652
1,381
271
266
16
117
128
5
4,505
1,719
2,786
114
193
276
2
37
1,760
126
278
50,609
2008
10,338
1,872
65
56
221
535
183
40
267
505
8,466
3,274
215
860
103
5
93
5
1,788
1,476
312
308
14
130
134
30
5,192
1,839
3,353
111
171
361
1
54
2,216
132
307
55,207
2009
11,532
2,206
47
57
331
587
275
34
247
628
9,326
3,504
257
902
96
11
78
7
1,962
1,632
330
287
13
122
133
19
5,822
2,259
3,563
105
179
288
0
63
2,386
129
413
58,867
55,984
24,815
9,824
221
631
1,092
4,109
1,176
61,432
27,443
11,002
251
642
1,233
4,672
1,409
63,689
27,576
10,800
287
605
1,354
4,242
1,430
71,600
32,403
13,347
285
708
1,504
5,676
1,765
74,897
35,461
15,640
291
802
1,663
6,917
1,976
73,240
33,468
14,865
290
767
1,551
6,399
1,759
71,780
30,842
13,291
253
698
1,423
5,486
1,456
68,336
28,683
11,660
181
539
1,216
5,025
1,340
72,867
32,086
13,428
238
621
1,273
6,021
1,582
79,650
36,014
15,570
236
659
1,337
7,153
2,049
Appendix table 2-26

Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
2000
276
1,166
1,153
14,991
10,336
516
750
195
38
142
15
7,735
6,624
1,111
1,140
22
599
483
36
4,655
470
4,185
86
229
1,306
2
173
1,924
191
274
31,169
2001
300
1,250
1,245
16,441
11,746
471
873
172
24
134
14
8,991
7,761
1,230
1,239
28
621
568
22
4,695
468
4,227
88
228
1,320
5
158
1,983
157
288
33,989
2002
244
1,303
1,335
16,776
11,678
479
805
199
28
150
21
9,007
7,713
1,294
1,188
35
606
524
23
5,098
485
4,613
99
224
1,460
2
169
2,147
191
321
36,113
2003
339
1,588
1,482
19,056
13,578
515
1,001
206
39
157
10
10,679
9,167
1,512
1,177
29
533
602
13
5,478
684
4,794
83
226
1,614
7
172
2,222
185
285
39,197
2004
383
1,925
1,683
19,821
14,067
646
1,114
258
44
190
24
10,681
8,896
1,785
1,368
48
672
627
21
5,754
619
5,135
105
253
1,708
3
176
2,365
199
326
39,436
2005
339
1,912
1,848
18,603
12,700
596
1,210
247
46
182
19
9,291
7,514
1,777
1,356
37
623
673
23
5,903
651
5,252
73
236
1,730
6
189
2,495
169
354
39,772
2006
334
1,724
1,917
17,551
11,980
561
1,288
253
45
188
20
8,455
6,649
1,806
1,423
29
701
678
15
5,571
630
4,941
92
261
1,552
9
171
2,338
168
350
40,938
2007
331
1,524
1,504
17,023
11,545
539
1,326
216
35
156
25
8,056
6,287
1,769
1,408
38
712
644
14
5,478
663
4,815
105
202
1,524
2
179
2,290
164
349
39,653
2008
336
1,575
1,782
18,658
12,947
564
1,465
204
26
161
17
9,289
7,405
1,884
1,425
38
712
661
14
5,711
654
5,057
92
253
1,622
8
168
2,456
139
319
40,781
2009
384
1,794
1,958
20,444
14,415
576
1,710
234
22
185
27
10,561
8,347
2,214
1,334
25
695
593
21
6,029
629
5,400
112
249
1,659
5
173
2,625
161
416
43,636
NOTES: Racial/ethnic breakouts for U.S. citizens and permanent residents only; temporary resident includes all racial/ethnic groups. Data are based on degree-granting institutions eligible
to participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs and do not match previously published data from Science and Engineering Indicators 2008 and earlier years that were based on
accredited higher education institutions.
SOURCES: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey; and National Science Foundation, National Center for
Science and Engineering Statistics, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System (WebCASPAR), http://webcaspar.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 2-27

Earned doctoral degrees, by citizenship, field, and sex: 200009
Citizenship, field, and sex
All citizenships
Both sexes
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Male
All fields
S&E
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
44,947
27,862
5,384
203
665
628
1,515
218
454
821
880
22,478
14,296
984
4,992
579
87
393
99
1,858
777
1,081
2,439
893
1,546
3,444
101
2,090
1,208
45
8,182
4,200
3,982
471
212
1,001
23
202
1,019
602
452
17,085
45,068
28,096
5,561
202
680
647
1,527
262
454
906
883
22,535
14,084
934
4,750
542
70
380
92
1,769
768
1,001
2,643
864
1,779
3,446
103
2,134
1,169
40
8,451
4,538
3,913
428
216
1,016
21
193
1,047
550
442
16,972
44,311
27,588
5,196
193
693
669
1,361
275
381
813
811
22,392
14,385
969
4,596
562
68
404
90
1,677
750
927
3,334
882
2,452
3,247
70
2,037
1,096
44
8,007
4,185
3,822
508
209
961
20
152
992
547
433
16,723
46,177
28,746
5,282
178
608
685
1,402
258
457
786
908
23,464
15,340
1,060
5,212
544
78
368
98
1,825
816
1,009
3,321
850
2,471
3,378
101
2,158
1,089
30
8,124
4,258
3,866
487
176
967
27
201
1,055
598
355
17,431
48,560
30,979
5,931
190
708
736
1,634
280
494
835
1,054
25,048
16,773
1,016
5,491
540
77
369
94
1,975
910
1,065
4,406
1,010
3,396
3,345
101
2,105
1,119
20
8,275
4,389
3,886
537
204
978
20
194
1,001
564
388
17,581
52,855
34,468
6,548
205
872
830
1,782
286
514
963
1,096
27,920
19,329
1,004
5,925
572
96
379
97
2,301
1,121
1,180
5,907
1,144
4,763
3,620
115
2,226
1,254
25
8,591
4,681
3,910
459
184
1,111
28
172
1,049
534
373
18,387
56,309
37,541
7,402
209
911
864
2,124
302
611
1,139
1,242
30,139
21,563
1,037
6,138
600
95
430
75
2,713
1,416
1,297
7,089
1,252
5,837
3,986
114
2,502
1,341
29
8,576
4,484
4,092
480
220
1,057
34
216
1,098
574
413
18,768
60,887
40,980
8,066
234
915
935
2,380
364
663
1,138
1,437
32,914
24,052
1,068
6,703
727
87
513
127
2,953
1,597
1,356
8,392
1,293
7,099
4,209
128
2,606
1,442
33
8,862
4,696
4,166
519
226
1,107
27
219
1,093
573
402
19,907
61,716
41,480
8,110
232
950
909
2,279
346
665
1,149
1,580
33,370
24,466
1,080
7,319
683
106
469
108
3,058
1,696
1,362
8,121
1,320
6,801
4,205
163
2,495
1,507
40
8,904
4,600
4,304
491
246
1,172
34
215
1,104
594
448
20,236
61,730
41,111
7,915
257
886
902
2,090
333
661
1,186
1,600
33,196
24,649
1,143
7,429
724
110
503
111
3,110
1,574
1,536
7,827
1,254
6,573
4,416
143
2,652
1,580
41
8,547
4,046
4,501
527
226
1,172
19
240
1,244
635
438
20,619
25,064
17,024
24,781
16,873
23,760
16,164
24,398
16,569
25,359
17,532
27,039
18,970
28,702
20,254
30,336
21,653
30,601
21,995
30,505
21,743
Appendix table 2-27

Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Female
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
2000
4,549
179
529
513
1,328
175
371
732
722
12,475
8,833
663
2,790
413
70
273
70
1,453
646
807
930
419
511
2,584
76
1,426
1,050
32
3,642
1,370
2,272
205
106
733
16
86
636
248
242
8,040
2001
4,640
179
518
520
1,330
209
363
816
705
12,233
8,553
601
2,655
386
55
270
61
1,351
632
719
1,027
393
634
2,533
83
1,415
1,002
33
3,680
1,440
2,240
181
86
724
18
84
683
229
235
7,908
2002
4,300
174
527
541
1,213
200
307
715
623
11,864
8,398
637
2,557
385
47
284
54
1,238
579
659
1,223
431
792
2,358
56
1,346
926
30
3,466
1,348
2,118
209
107
690
16
63
573
215
245
7,596
2003
4,373
154
459
549
1,230
188
359
698
736
12,196
8,748
672
2,826
376
57
264
55
1,382
648
734
1,046
393
653
2,446
73
1,451
899
23
3,448
1,327
2,121
190
67
687
13
79
646
245
194
7,829
2004
4,884
170
530
576
1,418
228
403
736
823
12,648
9,119
640
2,948
360
54
245
61
1,473
709
764
1,266
419
847
2,432
69
1,411
940
12
3,529
1,356
2,173
244
97
689
11
78
620
226
208
7,827
2005
5,326
178
667
630
1,530
221
392
847
861
13,644
10,142
642
3,014
375
67
256
52
1,749
907
842
1,734
466
1,268
2,628
77
1,456
1,072
23
3,502
1,348
2,154
198
81
772
17
60
609
205
212
8,069
2006
5,918
184
667
667
1,826
220
456
988
910
14,336
10,889
612
3,125
382
62
282
38
2,022
1,109
913
1,931
500
1,431
2,817
74
1,609
1,107
27
3,447
1,236
2,211
208
98
733
17
85
642
206
222
8,448
2007
6,381
204
682
685
2,004
260
494
991
1,061
15,272
11,860
630
3,419
441
54
318
69
2,219
1,269
950
2,224
510
1,714
2,927
85
1,642
1,177
23
3,412
1,282
2,130
199
95
749
13
89
577
211
197
8,683
2008
6,362
208
701
677
1,891
249
509
989
1,138
15,633
12,133
635
3,612
439
85
295
59
2,262
1,323
939
2,214
531
1,683
2,971
124
1,594
1,227
26
3,500
1,289
2,211
190
103
764
17
95
584
234
224
8,606
2009
6,203
224
649
688
1,752
247
489
1,026
1,128
15,540
12,070
637
3,535
436
77
308
51
2,283
1,223
1,060
2,148
479
1,669
3,031
89
1,628
1,287
27
3,470
1,134
2,336
212
88
753
12
88
698
255
230
8,762
19,883
10,838
835
24
136
115
20,287
11,223
921
23
162
127
20,551
11,424
896
19
166
128
21,779
12,177
909
24
149
136
23,201
13,447
1,047
20
178
160
25,816
15,498
1,222
27
205
200
27,607
17,287
1,484
25
244
197
30,551
19,327
1,685
30
233
250
31,115
19,485
1,748
24
249
232
31,225
19,368
1,712
33
237
214
Appendix table 2-27

Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
2000
187
43
83
89
158
10,003
5,463
321
2,202
166
17
120
29
405
131
274
1,509
474
1,035
860
25
664
158
13
4,540
2,830
1,710
266
106
268
7
116
383
354
210
9,045
2001
197
53
91
90
178
10,302
5,531
333
2,095
156
15
110
31
418
136
282
1,616
471
1,145
913
20
719
167
7
4,771
3,098
1,673
247
130
292
3
109
364
321
207
9,064
2002
148
75
74
98
188
10,528
5,987
332
2,039
177
21
120
36
439
171
268
2,111
451
1,660
889
14
691
170
14
4,541
2,837
1,704
299
102
271
4
89
419
332
188
9,127
2003
172
70
98
88
172
11,268
6,592
388
2,386
168
21
104
43
443
168
275
2,275
457
1,818
932
28
707
190
7
4,676
2,931
1,745
297
109
280
14
122
409
353
161
9,602
2004
216
52
91
99
231
12,400
7,654
376
2,543
180
23
124
33
502
201
301
3,140
591
2,549
913
32
694
179
8
4,746
3,033
1,713
293
107
289
9
116
381
338
180
9,754
2005
252
65
122
116
235
14,276
9,187
362
2,911
197
29
123
45
552
214
338
4,173
678
3,495
992
38
770
182
2
5,089
3,333
1,756
261
103
339
11
112
440
329
161
10,318
2006
298
82
155
151
332
15,803
10,674
425
3,013
218
33
148
37
691
307
384
5,158
752
4,406
1,169
40
893
234
2
5,129
3,248
1,881
272
122
324
17
131
456
368
191
10,320
2007
376
104
169
147
376
17,642
12,192
438
3,284
286
33
195
58
734
328
406
6,168
783
5,385
1,282
43
964
265
10
5,450
3,414
2,036
320
131
358
14
130
516
362
205
11,224
2008
388
97
156
160
442
17,737
12,333
445
3,707
244
21
174
49
796
373
423
5,907
789
5,118
1,234
39
901
280
14
5,404
3,311
2,093
301
143
408
17
120
520
360
224
11,630
2009
338
86
172
160
472
17,656
12,579
506
3,894
288
33
195
60
827
351
476
5,679
775
4,904
1,385
54
1,024
293
14
5,077
2,912
2,165
315
138
419
7
152
546
380
208
11,857
34,113
19,401
2,656
125
364
319
641
104
240
384
34,105
19,382
2,562
101
357
300
587
109
217
414
33,382
19,110
2,261
77
354
273
506
115
172
335
34,551
19,731
2,237
72
295
283
478
93
198
336
35,807
21,136
2,347
73
340
257
531
119
205
307
38,512
23,113
2,452
91
360
296
567
107
191
338
40,334
24,816
2,714
80
423
296
560
117
242
388
43,888
27,283
2,994
108
373
359
645
129
286
376
44,509
27,594
3,180
103
417
330
704
125
284
406
45,019
27,753
3,374
137
437
348
711
112
281
472
Appendix table 2-27

Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Male
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
2000
479
16,745
9,779
553
3,724
409
57
280
72
990
402
588
1,955
615
1,340
2,148
76
1,336
708
28
6,966
4,042
2,924
409
180
474
18
105
856
510
372
14,712
2001
477
16,820
9,682
544
3,579
362
40
258
64
920
395
525
2,121
582
1,539
2,156
78
1,383
677
18
7,138
4,381
2,757
356
180
422
20
100
859
473
347
14,723
2002
429
16,849
10,048
549
3,443
368
43
266
59
848
410
438
2,796
568
2,228
2,044
53
1,355
604
32
6,801
4,042
2,759
430
180
419
16
84
821
474
335
14,272
2003
482
17,494
10,765
626
3,901
376
46
259
71
926
413
513
2,876
577
2,299
2,060
79
1,374
591
16
6,729
4,059
2,670
420
149
377
24
102
827
492
279
14,820
2004
515
18,789
11,872
601
4,118
356
45
245
66
963
455
508
3,865
655
3,210
1,969
75
1,321
562
11
6,917
4,191
2,726
466
168
396
14
105
809
460
308
14,671
2005
502
20,661
13,661
611
4,330
360
54
244
62
1,040
500
540
5,284
735
4,549
2,036
73
1,366
585
12
7,000
4,452
2,548
392
154
368
21
95
806
436
276
15,399
2006
608
22,102
15,139
640
4,377
389
45
296
48
1,134
551
583
6,416
816
5,600
2,183
73
1,461
635
14
6,963
4,230
2,733
425
187
371
28
114
827
466
315
15,518
2007
718
24,289
17,116
643
4,713
481
48
347
86
1,325
680
645
7,688
862
6,826
2,266
89
1,464
696
17
7,173
4,450
2,723
433
202
369
16
123
811
459
310
16,605
2008
811
24,414
17,248
668
5,091
436
58
302
76
1,338
667
671
7,408
910
6,498
2,307
117
1,414
754
22
7,166
4,359
2,807
416
190
438
29
114
822
477
321
16,915
2009
876
24,379
17,699
715
5,310
477
68
333
76
1,518
730
788
7,193
848
6,345
2,486
98
1,586
781
21
6,680
3,770
2,910
431
178
408
12
145
919
499
318
17,266
17,408
10,712
2,160
108
275
248
557
81
186
330
375
8,552
5,693
359
17,061
10,457
2,079
85
271
224
524
77
170
372
356
8,378
5,554
334
16,263
10,024
1,810
67
267
206
449
76
128
298
319
8,214
5,508
344
16,501
10,097
1,807
63
225
204
418
66
155
297
379
8,290
5,683
388
16,767
10,487
1,854
64
245
178
457
90
169
258
393
8,633
5,912
367
17,391
10,925
1,941
81
277
200
477
79
141
296
390
8,984
6,466
376
18,294
11,496
2,108
69
306
211
497
73
176
329
447
9,388
6,879
381
19,321
12,285
2,317
92
279
268
555
88
212
319
504
9,968
7,485
365
19,603
12,595
2,376
90
287
219
595
79
217
339
550
10,219
7,661
394
19,881
12,787
2,518
119
311
240
597
74
194
391
592
10,269
7,813
365
Appendix table 2-27

Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Female
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
2000
2,021
289
46
195
48
752
329
423
687
261
426
1,585
56
885
626
18
2,859
1,296
1,563
167
81
336
13
46
523
206
191
6,696
2001
1,963
243
34
171
38
691
311
380
766
239
527
1,557
62
905
576
14
2,824
1,369
1,455
144
69
275
17
41
543
186
180
6,604
2002
1,893
233
32
168
33
617
308
309
955
245
710
1,466
43
892
510
21
2,706
1,293
1,413
175
92
288
13
31
456
185
173
6,239
2003
2,068
249
32
181
36
687
323
364
830
241
589
1,461
58
911
480
12
2,607
1,255
1,352
160
56
260
11
43
488
190
144
6,404
2004
2,189
226
32
152
42
700
345
355
1,016
235
781
1,414
50
889
469
6
2,721
1,293
1,428
218
80
274
8
38
481
165
164
6,280
2005
2,185
234
42
161
31
785
397
388
1,460
269
1,191
1,426
45
871
499
11
2,518
1,274
1,244
157
65
231
11
33
446
153
148
6,466
2006
2,237
241
32
185
24
853
421
432
1,639
286
1,353
1,528
47
943
526
12
2,509
1,147
1,362
180
81
251
14
45
472
162
157
6,798
2007
2,386
276
30
204
42
987
535
452
1,918
281
1,637
1,553
58
912
573
10
2,483
1,215
1,268
166
88
251
6
49
409
164
135
7,036
2008
2,531
268
50
180
38
967
514
453
1,886
292
1,594
1,615
87
898
615
15
2,558
1,217
1,341
157
81
283
13
52
418
177
160
7,008
2009
2,485
286
52
201
33
1,122
569
553
1,878
280
1,598
1,677
57
966
637
17
2,456
1,040
1,416
164
67
274
9
51
487
201
163
7,094
16,705
8,689
496
17
89
71
84
23
54
54
104
8,193
4,086
194
1,703
120
11
85
17,044
8,925
483
16
86
76
63
32
47
42
121
8,442
4,128
210
1,616
119
6
87
17,119
9,086
451
10
87
67
57
39
44
37
110
8,635
4,540
205
1,550
135
11
98
18,050
9,634
430
9
70
79
60
27
43
39
103
9,204
5,082
238
1,833
127
14
78
19,040
10,649
493
9
95
79
74
29
36
49
122
10,156
5,960
234
1,929
130
13
93
21,121
12,188
511
10
83
96
90
28
50
42
112
11,677
7,195
235
2,145
126
12
83
22,040
13,320
606
11
117
85
63
44
66
59
161
12,714
8,260
259
2,140
148
13
111
24,567
14,998
677
16
94
91
90
41
74
57
214
14,321
9,631
278
2,327
205
18
143
24,906
14,999
804
13
130
111
109
46
67
67
261
14,195
9,587
274
2,560
168
8
122
25,138
14,966
856
18
126
108
114
38
87
81
284
14,110
9,886
350
2,825
191
16
132
Appendix table 2-27

Oceanography
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
2000
24
238
73
165
1,268
354
914
563
20
451
82
10
4,107
2,746
1,361
242
99
138
5
59
333
304
181
8,016
2001
26
229
84
145
1,355
343
1,012
599
16
478
101
4
4,314
3,012
1,302
212
111
147
3
59
316
287
167
8,119
2002
26
231
102
129
1,841
323
1,518
578
10
463
94
11
4,095
2,749
1,346
255
88
131
3
53
365
289
162
8,033
2003
35
239
90
149
2,046
336
1,710
599
21
463
111
4
4,122
2,804
1,318
260
93
117
13
59
339
302
135
8,416
2004
24
263
110
153
2,849
420
2,429
555
25
432
93
5
4,196
2,898
1,298
248
88
122
6
67
328
295
144
8,391
2005
31
255
103
152
3,824
466
3,358
610
28
495
86
1
4,482
3,178
1,304
235
89
137
10
62
360
283
128
8,933
2006
24
281
130
151
4,777
530
4,247
655
26
518
109
2
4,454
3,083
1,371
245
106
120
14
69
355
304
158
8,720
2007
44
338
145
193
5,770
581
5,189
713
31
552
123
7
4,690
3,235
1,455
267
114
118
10
74
402
295
175
9,569
2008
38
371
153
218
5,522
618
4,904
692
30
516
139
7
4,608
3,142
1,466
259
109
155
16
62
404
300
161
9,907
2009
43
396
161
235
5,315
568
4,747
809
41
620
144
4
4,224
2,730
1,494
267
111
134
3
94
432
298
155
10,172
NOTES: Data in this table differ from doctoral degree data in other tables and figures in this report that are based on NSF Survey of Earned Doctorates and that refer to research
doctorates only. Greatest differences are in psychology and medical/other life sciences. In 2008 National Center for Education Statistics allowed optional reporting in three new doctoral
degree categories: doctor'sresearch/scholarship, doctor'sprofessional practice, and doctor'sother. Degrees formerly classified as professional degrees (e.g., MDs, and JDs) can
now be reported as doctoral degrees, most often as doctor'sprofessional practice. Data for 2008 and 2009 in this table include only those doctorates reported under the old doctoral
degree category plus those reported as doctor'sresearch/scholarship.
SOURCES: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey; and National Science Foundation, National Center for
Science and Engineering Statistics, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System (WebCASPAR), http://webcaspar.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 2-28

Earned doctoral degrees, by citizenship, field, and race/ethnicity: 200009
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
All fields
S&E
Engineering
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
44,947
27,862
5,384
203
665
628
1,515
218
454
821
880
22,478
14,296
984
4,992
579
87
393
99
1,858
777
1,081
2,439
893
1,546
3,444
101
2,090
1,208
45
8,182
4,200
3,982
471
212
1,001
23
202
1,019
602
452
17,085
45,068
28,096
5,561
202
680
647
1,527
262
454
906
883
22,535
14,084
934
4,750
542
70
380
92
1,769
768
1,001
2,643
864
1,779
3,446
103
2,134
1,169
40
8,451
4,538
3,913
428
216
1,016
21
193
1,047
550
442
16,972
44,311
27,588
5,196
193
693
669
1,361
275
381
813
811
22,392
14,385
969
4,596
562
68
404
90
1,677
750
927
3,334
882
2,452
3,247
70
2,037
1,096
44
8,007
4,185
3,822
508
209
961
20
152
992
547
433
16,723
46,177
28,746
5,282
178
608
685
1,402
258
457
786
908
23,464
15,340
1,060
5,212
544
78
368
98
1,825
816
1,009
3,321
850
2,471
3,378
101
2,158
1,089
30
8,124
4,258
3,866
487
176
967
27
201
1,055
598
355
17,431
48,560
30,979
5,931
190
708
736
1,634
280
494
835
1,054
25,048
16,773
1,016
5,491
540
77
369
94
1,975
910
1,065
4,406
1,010
3,396
3,345
101
2,105
1,119
20
8,275
4,389
3,886
537
204
978
20
194
1,001
564
388
17,581
52,855
34,468
6,548
205
872
830
1,782
286
514
963
1,096
27,920
19,329
1,004
5,925
572
96
379
97
2,301
1,121
1,180
5,907
1,144
4,763
3,620
115
2,226
1,254
25
8,591
4,681
3,910
459
184
1,111
28
172
1,049
534
373
18,387
56,309
37,541
7,402
209
911
864
2,124
302
611
1,139
1,242
30,139
21,563
1,037
6,138
600
95
430
75
2,713
1,416
1,297
7,089
1,252
5,837
3,986
114
2,502
1,341
29
8,576
4,484
4,092
480
220
1,057
34
216
1,098
574
413
18,768
60,887
40,980
8,066
234
915
935
2,380
364
663
1,138
1,437
32,914
24,052
1,068
6,703
727
87
513
127
2,953
1,597
1,356
8,392
1,293
7,099
4,209
128
2,606
1,442
33
8,862
4,696
4,166
519
226
1,107
27
219
1,093
573
402
19,907
61,716
41,480
8,110
232
950
909
2,279
346
665
1,149
1,580
33,370
24,466
1,080
7,319
683
106
469
108
3,058
1,696
1,362
8,121
1,320
6,801
4,205
163
2,495
1,507
40
8,904
4,600
4,304
491
246
1,172
34
215
1,104
594
448
20,236
61,730
41,111
7,915
257
886
902
2,090
333
661
1,186
1,600
33,196
24,649
1,143
7,429
724
110
503
111
3,110
1,574
1,536
7,827
1,254
6,573
4,416
143
2,652
1,580
41
8,547
4,046
4,501
527
226
1,172
19
240
1,244
635
438
20,619
34,113
19,401
2,656
34,105
19,382
2,562
33,382
19,110
2,261
34,551
19,731
2,237
35,807
21,136
2,347
38,512
23,113
2,452
40,334
24,816
2,714
43,888
27,283
2,994
44,509
27,594
3,180
45,019
27,753
3,374
Appendix table 2-28

Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
White
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
2000
125
364
319
641
104
240
384
479
16,745
9,779
553
3,724
409
57
280
72
990
402
588
1,955
615
1,340
2,148
76
1,336
708
28
6,966
4,042
2,924
409
180
474
18
105
856
510
372
14,712
2001
101
357
300
587
109
217
414
477
16,820
9,682
544
3,579
362
40
258
64
920
395
525
2,121
582
1,539
2,156
78
1,383
677
18
7,138
4,381
2,757
356
180
422
20
100
859
473
347
14,723
2002
77
354
273
506
115
172
335
429
16,849
10,048
549
3,443
368
43
266
59
848
410
438
2,796
568
2,228
2,044
53
1,355
604
32
6,801
4,042
2,759
430
180
419
16
84
821
474
335
14,272
2003
72
295
283
478
93
198
336
482
17,494
10,765
626
3,901
376
46
259
71
926
413
513
2,876
577
2,299
2,060
79
1,374
591
16
6,729
4,059
2,670
420
149
377
24
102
827
492
279
14,820
2004
73
340
257
531
119
205
307
515
18,789
11,872
601
4,118
356
45
245
66
963
455
508
3,865
655
3,210
1,969
75
1,321
562
11
6,917
4,191
2,726
466
168
396
14
105
809
460
308
14,671
2005
91
360
296
567
107
191
338
502
20,661
13,661
611
4,330
360
54
244
62
1,040
500
540
5,284
735
4,549
2,036
73
1,366
585
12
7,000
4,452
2,548
392
154
368
21
95
806
436
276
15,399
2006
80
423
296
560
117
242
388
608
22,102
15,139
640
4,377
389
45
296
48
1,134
551
583
6,416
816
5,600
2,183
73
1,461
635
14
6,963
4,230
2,733
425
187
371
28
114
827
466
315
15,518
2007
108
373
359
645
129
286
376
718
24,289
17,116
643
4,713
481
48
347
86
1,325
680
645
7,688
862
6,826
2,266
89
1,464
696
17
7,173
4,450
2,723
433
202
369
16
123
811
459
310
16,605
2008
103
417
330
704
125
284
406
811
24,414
17,248
668
5,091
436
58
302
76
1,338
667
671
7,408
910
6,498
2,307
117
1,414
754
22
7,166
4,359
2,807
416
190
438
29
114
822
477
321
16,915
2009
137
437
348
711
112
281
472
876
24,379
17,699
715
5,310
477
68
333
76
1,518
730
788
7,193
848
6,345
2,486
98
1,586
781
21
6,680
3,770
2,910
431
178
408
12
145
919
499
318
17,266
26,471
14,975
1,948
108
275
238
436
25,865
14,663
1,844
79
271
225
374
25,319
14,620
1,592
65
240
205
325
25,864
14,926
1,571
48
209
216
282
26,425
15,765
1,633
61
242
188
331
28,152
17,082
1,696
73
275
209
346
29,114
18,057
1,818
60
297
208
346
31,355
19,929
1,973
81
250
245
367
31,342
19,824
2,112
81
296
231
397
31,526
20,004
2,235
99
312
241
415
Appendix table 2-28

Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
2000
79
191
261
360
13,027
7,621
470
2,845
344
50
230
64
746
289
457
1,544
465
1,079
1,672
55
1,030
561
26
5,406
3,186
2,220
332
123
349
11
82
659
375
289
11,496
2001
79
170
285
361
12,819
7,387
453
2,689
301
33
210
58
687
287
400
1,643
417
1,226
1,614
52
1,028
516
18
5,432
3,373
2,059
283
116
325
15
66
636
343
275
11,202
2002
83
135
236
303
13,028
7,863
474
2,613
332
40
242
50
624
264
360
2,247
422
1,825
1,573
41
1,031
473
28
5,165
3,104
2,061
326
106
318
12
65
625
340
269
10,699
2003
67
150
254
345
13,355
8,263
522
2,912
318
36
224
58
671
282
389
2,249
398
1,851
1,591
61
1,078
437
15
5,092
3,145
1,947
313
84
272
20
74
596
356
232
10,938
2004
88
159
200
364
14,132
9,052
502
3,047
311
37
212
62
697
309
388
2,995
471
2,524
1,500
63
986
442
9
5,080
3,057
2,023
349
93
286
13
82
605
352
243
10,660
2005
73
136
242
342
15,386
10,324
519
3,172
300
43
204
53
706
308
398
4,101
475
3,626
1,526
62
1,021
435
8
5,062
3,241
1,821
296
84
244
17
73
591
301
215
11,070
2006
77
163
274
393
16,239
11,300
526
3,206
328
30
258
40
784
356
428
4,811
531
4,280
1,645
57
1,080
496
12
4,939
3,034
1,905
325
91
237
19
74
580
337
242
11,057
2007
82
191
265
492
17,956
12,877
541
3,426
400
39
289
72
895
437
458
5,948
578
5,370
1,667
63
1,071
519
14
5,079
3,171
1,908
330
103
233
13
86
573
326
244
11,426
2008
71
209
282
545
17,712
12,716
534
3,608
349
49
235
65
936
446
490
5,604
583
5,021
1,685
94
993
582
16
4,996
3,036
1,960
299
109
292
20
95
578
321
246
11,518
2009
71
194
320
583
17,769
13,094
576
3,782
390
61
263
66
1,042
483
559
5,452
553
4,899
1,852
85
1,145
603
19
4,675
2,664
2,011
308
95
281
11
99
622
354
241
11,522
2,297
1,714
380
9
50
37
120
13
27
67
57
2,440
1,767
398
11
49
33
127
14
26
76
62
2,184
1,606
357
3
65
30
111
10
22
49
67
2,259
1,651
292
8
44
19
112
12
14
40
43
2,464
1,816
346
8
64
25
97
14
27
52
59
2,695
2,071
372
8
43
40
128
17
17
42
77
2,996
2,249
470
11
70
44
121
10
38
66
110
3,251
2,414
508
8
63
50
156
15
55
52
109
3,201
2,393
501
9
55
38
174
17
27
45
136
3,203
2,394
504
16
56
35
156
15
32
50
144
Appendix table 2-28

Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Black
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
2000
1,334
979
26
429
15
3
12
0
127
56
71
196
69
127
186
8
124
52
2
355
181
174
16
7
44
0
15
44
27
21
583
2001
1,369
982
24
399
25
5
19
1
108
53
55
211
69
142
215
4
138
73
0
387
209
178
19
11
42
0
13
46
33
14
673
2002
1,249
914
17
388
12
1
8
3
98
72
26
229
67
162
170
3
120
45
2
335
177
158
13
13
44
0
10
41
25
12
578
2003
1,359
1,000
28
475
15
6
7
2
98
55
43
214
67
147
170
5
111
53
1
359
195
164
22
17
38
1
10
42
25
9
608
2004
1,470
1,086
28
489
12
4
8
0
110
62
48
276
69
207
171
7
127
37
0
384
224
160
23
18
33
0
10
38
25
13
648
2005
1,699
1,313
22
508
16
6
6
4
142
88
54
416
107
309
209
6
139
62
2
386
221
165
17
13
46
1
10
41
26
11
624
2006
1,779
1,361
25
477
23
6
16
1
155
92
63
461
124
337
220
6
160
54
0
418
242
176
23
14
47
2
20
38
21
11
747
2007
1,906
1,451
24
563
11
1
8
2
190
111
79
441
104
337
222
6
155
60
1
455
265
190
23
16
50
1
24
42
23
11
837
2008
1,892
1,442
34
575
17
1
12
4
140
87
53
460
107
353
216
4
150
57
5
450
252
198
29
9
49
1
9
45
38
18
808
2009
1,890
1,461
34
567
15
1
10
4
194
116
78
447
102
345
204
3
148
53
0
429
207
222
18
10
48
0
27
60
38
21
809
2,147
821
91
4
8
8
23
6
5
24
13
730
316
20
106
2,091
838
98
1
15
9
28
5
5
17
18
740
308
16
101
2,268
871
80
1
10
11
17
6
4
16
15
791
344
16
112
2,362
893
94
1
8
11
19
6
9
12
28
799
366
26
110
2,725
1,034
99
0
7
6
33
10
6
18
19
935
459
20
159
2,854
1,071
101
1
9
10
28
6
7
12
28
970
492
19
152
2,884
1,204
110
4
13
9
20
11
11
13
29
1,094
605
28
173
3,452
1,287
117
2
18
10
24
8
8
16
31
1,170
664
24
173
3,478
1,352
128
2
17
9
21
18
13
23
25
1,224
754
26
229
3,645
1,451
139
3
11
9
30
10
15
19
42
1,312
831
28
252
Appendix table 2-28

Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Hispanic
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
2000
3
1
2
0
28
15
13
94
36
58
65
1
45
19
0
414
214
200
20
17
22
0
1
70
50
20
1,326
2001
3
0
3
0
26
9
17
90
30
60
72
0
56
16
0
432
240
192
12
25
9
1
4
79
42
20
1,253
2002
3
1
2
0
35
21
14
109
29
80
69
1
46
22
0
447
231
216
25
28
19
1
1
78
44
20
1,397
2003
11
2
6
3
36
17
19
118
36
82
65
1
47
17
0
433
241
192
23
17
11
0
0
79
51
11
1,469
2004
5
1
3
1
26
18
8
185
46
139
64
1
51
11
1
476
281
195
26
22
19
0
4
67
40
17
1,691
2005
3
0
2
1
37
19
18
229
62
167
52
0
37
15
0
478
275
203
24
21
9
1
2
83
44
19
1,783
2006
3
2
0
1
41
21
20
305
74
231
55
1
43
11
0
489
256
233
21
36
18
1
5
90
45
17
1,680
2007
7
2
3
2
51
30
21
323
75
248
86
2
64
20
0
506
278
228
19
38
18
1
0
85
47
20
2,165
2008
7
1
5
1
46
24
22
369
73
296
77
0
62
15
0
470
271
199
18
36
15
0
2
67
45
16
2,126
2009
6
2
4
0
57
30
27
410
78
332
78
0
66
11
1
481
259
222
22
33
8
1
2
94
48
14
2,194
1,382
775
86
2
18
11
17
3
7
10
18
689
319
13
149
9
1
6
2
1,594
905
88
7
8
14
17
4
10
16
12
817
386
21
155
10
0
6
4
1,503
840
88
3
17
6
26
9
5
11
11
752
342
20
139
4
1
1
2
1,609
878
106
4
13
14
22
2
9
15
27
772
382
16
171
8
1
3
4
1,739
1,057
101
3
9
21
19
2
6
13
28
956
468
17
186
10
0
10
0
1,914
1,121
98
4
20
13
14
4
13
14
16
1,023
503
14
216
11
1
9
1
1,980
1,190
105
0
20
16
11
12
12
12
22
1,085
573
36
212
12
2
10
0
2,138
1,301
138
7
16
25
33
12
9
13
23
1,163
619
15
226
18
2
12
4
2,410
1,499
130
3
20
14
27
9
7
17
33
1,369
803
18
274
17
2
13
2
2,419
1,335
153
8
22
21
27
6
10
28
31
1,182
727
21
282
14
0
12
2
Appendix table 2-28

Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
2000
25
13
12
56
16
40
67
3
45
19
0
370
267
103
8
7
18
1
1
28
24
16
607
2001
29
12
17
90
28
62
81
4
59
18
0
431
308
123
19
9
18
2
5
34
24
12
689
2002
28
19
9
82
22
60
69
1
48
19
1
410
297
113
20
10
13
0
3
35
22
10
663
2003
28
11
17
94
29
65
65
2
44
19
0
390
247
143
29
8
20
0
4
36
37
9
731
2004
41
18
23
141
31
110
73
2
58
13
0
488
339
149
37
13
25
0
2
43
24
5
682
2005
38
17
21
148
30
118
76
2
57
16
1
520
388
132
20
12
22
1
3
35
29
10
793
2006
33
6
27
187
34
153
93
1
70
21
1
512
367
145
25
13
21
2
4
35
37
8
790
2007
38
17
21
230
51
179
92
5
65
22
0
544
417
127
18
14
22
1
3
34
23
12
837
2008
45
16
29
337
84
253
112
3
89
20
2009
58
23
35
237
38
199
115
4
86
25
566
420
146
29
11
16
0
3
36
38
13
911
455
316
139
34
8
18
0
4
37
22
16
1,084
155
82
5
0
0
1
1
0
0
2
1
77
34
2
8
6
0
5
1
2
0
2
8
170
88
10
0
3
0
3
0
0
2
2
78
33
1
14
0
0
0
0
3
1
2
10
175
84
6
0
1
1
0
0
1
2
1
78
36
0
14
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
11
185
106
12
0
1
0
3
0
0
1
7
94
39
1
18
1
0
1
0
2
1
1
11
206
117
8
0
1
1
3
0
0
1
2
109
53
7
16
3
1
2
0
1
1
0
14
224
109
6
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
2
103
56
4
18
3
1
2
0
0
0
0
24
214
111
7
0
1
0
2
1
0
2
1
104
50
1
19
0
0
0
0
6
6
0
15
232
128
8
0
1
3
1
0
0
1
2
120
62
3
23
2
0
1
1
4
3
1
23
244
139
15
1
2
2
2
1
1
3
3
124
74
8
20
2
0
2
0
2
0
2
37
282
154
19
0
5
3
2
0
1
2
6
135
83
5
27
2
0
1
1
5
2
3
34
Appendix table 2-28

Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
2000
4
4
8
1
7
0
0
43
28
15
4
2
0
0
0
3
4
2
73
2001
4
6
5
0
5
0
0
45
27
18
3
2
0
0
1
7
4
1
82
2002
2
9
9
0
7
2
0
42
24
18
6
3
0
0
0
1
7
1
91
2003
4
7
6
0
6
0
0
55
31
24
6
2
2
0
0
4
6
4
79
2004
2
12
12
0
9
3
0
56
36
20
5
3
1
0
0
4
1
6
89
2005
2
22
7
0
6
1
0
47
29
18
4
4
0
0
0
3
5
2
115
2006
3
12
9
0
6
3
0
54
32
22
4
5
2
0
1
4
0
6
103
2007
5
18
7
0
3
4
0
58
36
22
6
6
2
0
1
0
4
3
104
2008
5
32
5
0
4
1
0
50
31
19
1
6
1
0
2
6
3
0
105
2009
7
27
10
0
7
3
0
52
23
29
6
11
1
0
0
6
3
2
128
1,661
1,034
146
2
13
24
44
3
10
20
30
888
510
22
187
32
2
25
5
62
29
33
57
25
32
150
8
1,945
1,121
124
3
11
19
38
7
6
18
22
997
586
29
221
23
2
20
1
67
33
34
77
34
43
169
18
1,933
1,089
138
5
21
20
27
7
5
21
32
951
549
22
177
17
0
13
4
61
33
28
118
26
92
154
7
2,272
1,277
162
11
20
23
40
6
16
14
32
1,115
715
33
215
23
1
18
4
91
47
44
190
43
147
163
10
2,248
1,347
160
1
17
16
48
5
7
23
43
1,187
754
27
221
15
2
10
3
88
47
41
254
36
218
149
2
2,673
1,659
179
4
13
24
51
7
17
26
37
1,480
973
33
264
27
3
21
3
117
68
49
366
59
307
166
3
3,146
2,005
204
5
22
19
60
6
18
21
53
1,801
1,250
24
290
23
5
12
6
115
70
45
637
50
587
161
8
3,460
2,224
250
10
25
26
64
12
23
29
61
1,974
1,443
36
302
43
4
34
5
147
82
65
723
49
674
192
13
3,834
2,387
294
7
27
36
83
9
27
36
69
2,093
1,459
48
385
44
5
35
4
169
94
75
601
58
543
212
16
3,944
2,415
324
11
31
39
81
10
29
53
70
2,091
1,503
51
400
50
4
43
3
162
76
86
613
70
543
227
6
Appendix table 2-28

Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
Temporary resident
All fields
S&E
Engineering
Aerospace
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Industrial
Materials
Mechanical
Other
Science
Natural sciences
Biological sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Computer sciences
Medical sciences
Other life sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
2000
85
57
0
378
166
212
29
24
41
6
6
52
30
24
627
2001
97
54
0
411
224
187
20
17
28
2
11
57
27
25
824
2002
103
43
1
402
209
193
40
20
25
3
5
41
36
23
844
2003
88
65
0
400
200
200
27
21
34
3
14
70
17
14
995
2004
90
56
1
433
254
179
26
19
32
1
7
52
18
24
901
2005
106
56
1
507
298
209
31
20
47
1
7
53
31
19
1,014
2006
102
50
1
551
299
252
27
28
46
4
10
80
26
31
1,141
2007
106
71
2
531
283
248
37
25
44
0
9
77
36
20
1,236
2008
116
79
1
634
349
285
40
19
65
8
3
90
32
28
1,447
2009
134
86
1
588
301
287
43
21
52
0
13
100
34
24
1,529
10,834
8,461
2,728
78
301
309
874
114
214
437
401
5,733
4,517
431
1,268
170
30
113
27
868
375
493
484
278
206
1,296
25
754
500
17
1,216
10,963
8,714
2,999
101
323
347
940
153
237
492
406
5,715
4,402
390
1,171
180
30
122
28
849
373
476
522
282
240
1,290
25
751
492
22
1,313
10,929
8,478
2,935
116
339
396
855
160
209
478
382
5,543
4,337
420
1,153
194
25
138
31
829
340
489
538
314
224
1,203
17
682
492
12
1,206
11,626
9,015
3,045
106
313
402
924
165
259
450
426
5,970
4,575
434
1,311
168
32
109
27
899
403
496
445
273
172
1,318
22
784
498
14
1,395
12,753
9,843
3,584
117
368
479
1,103
161
289
528
539
6,259
4,901
415
1,373
184
32
124
28
1,012
455
557
541
355
186
1,376
26
784
557
9
1,358
14,343
11,355
4,096
114
512
534
1,215
179
323
625
594
7,259
5,668
393
1,595
212
42
135
35
1,261
621
640
623
409
214
1,584
42
860
669
13
1,591
15,975
12,725
4,688
129
488
568
1,564
185
369
751
634
8,037
6,424
397
1,761
211
50
134
27
1,579
865
714
673
436
237
1,803
41
1,041
706
15
1,613
16,999
13,697
5,072
126
542
576
1,735
235
377
762
719
8,625
6,936
425
1,990
246
39
166
41
1,628
917
711
704
431
273
1,943
39
1,142
746
16
1,689
17,207
13,886
4,930
129
533
579
1,575
221
381
743
769
8,956
7,218
412
2,228
247
48
167
32
1,720
1,029
691
713
410
303
1,898
46
1,081
753
18
1,738
16,711
13,358
4,541
120
449
554
1,379
221
380
714
724
8,817
6,950
428
2,119
247
42
170
35
1,592
844
748
634
406
228
1,930
45
1,066
799
20
1,867
Appendix table 2-28

Psychology
Social sciences
Anthropology
Area/ethnic studies
Economics
History of science
Linguistics
Sociology
Non-S&E
2000
158
1,058
62
32
527
5
97
163
92
80
2,373
2001
157
1,156
72
36
594
1
93
188
77
95
2,249
2002
143
1,063
78
29
542
4
68
171
73
98
2,451
2003
199
1,196
67
27
590
3
99
228
106
76
2,611
2004
198
1,160
71
36
582
6
89
192
104
80
2,910
2005
229
1,362
67
30
743
7
77
243
98
97
2,988
2006
254
1,359
55
33
686
6
102
271
108
98
3,250
2007
246
1,443
86
24
738
11
96
282
114
92
3,302
2008
241
1,497
75
56
734
5
101
282
117
127
3,321
2009
276
1,591
96
48
764
7
95
325
136
120
3,353
NOTES: Racial/ethnic breakouts for U.S. citizens and permanent residents only; temporary resident includes all racial/ethnic groups. Data in this table differ from doctoral degree data in other
tables and figures in this report that are based on NSF Survey of Earned Doctorates and that refer to research doctorates only. Greatest differences are in psychology and medical/other life
sciences. In 2008 National Center for Education Statistics allowed optional reporting in three new doctoral degree categories: doctor'sresearch/scholarship, doctor'sprofessional practice, and
doctor'sother. Degrees formerly classified as professional degrees (e.g., MDs, and JDs) can now be reported as doctoral degrees, most often as doctor'sprofessional practice. Data for 2008
and 2009 in this table include only those doctorates reported under the old doctoral degree category plus those reported as doctor'sresearch/scholarship.
SOURCES: National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey; and National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and
Engineering Statistics, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System (WebCASPAR), http://webcaspar.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 2-29

Median number of years from S&E doctorate recipients' entry to graduate school to receipt of doctorate, by field: 19792009
Year
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
All S&E
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.9
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.6
7.5
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.3
7.2
7.5
7.2
7.5
7.6
7.2
7.3
7.2
7.0
7.0
7.0
Agricultural
sciences
6.2
6.5
6.2
6.7
6.7
6.9
7.2
7.7
7.5
7.7
8.0
8.1
8.3
8.3
8.2
8.2
8.5
8.7
8.7
8.7
8.2
8.7
8.7
8.7
8.2
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.7
7.9
8.0
Biological
sciences
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.9
6.9
6.9
7.2
6.9
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.0
6.7
6.7
6.9
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.5
6.7
Earth,
Computer atmospheric, and
sciences ocean sciences
6.5
6.7
6.5
6.9
6.7
7.2
6.7
7.2
7.2
7.5
7.7
7.7
7.4
7.7
7.6
7.7
7.7
7.9
7.7
8.2
7.7
7.7
7.2
7.7
7.7
8.1
7.7
8.2
7.9
8.9
8.1
9.0
8.1
8.9
8.2
9.3
8.3
8.7
8.2
8.3
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.5
7.9
8.2
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.0
7.8
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.7
7.7
7.4
7.4
7.3
7.3
7.6
7.3
Engineering
6.2
6.4
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.9
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.2
7.2
6.9
6.7
6.7
6.9
Mathematics
6.6
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.6
6.9
6.9
6.7
6.9
6.9
7.4
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.1
7.2
6.7
6.7
6.9
6.8
6.7
6.9
6.7
6.8
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
Medical and
other life
sciences
7.7
8.0
8.7
8.7
9.2
9.0
9.7
10.0
9.9
10.7
10.7
11.2
11.2
11.7
11.7
11.7
11.2
11.7
11.7
11.7
10.7
11.2
10.7
11.1
10.3
9.5
9.7
9.7
9.6
9.3
9.7
Physical
sciences
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.9
5.9
6.0
6.0
5.9
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.2
6.4
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.3
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.3
6.2
6.3
6.3
6.2
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Earned Doctorates, special tabulations (2010).
Psychology
6.7
6.7
7.1
7.2
7.7
7.9
7.9
8.2
8.2
8.3
8.2
8.5
8.2
8.4
8.2
7.9
7.9
7.7
7.7
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.7
7.2
7.0
7.3
7.0
6.9
6.9
6.9
Social
sciences
8.1
8.2
8.2
8.7
8.7
8.7
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.1
9.3
9.4
9.2
9.4
9.3
9.3
8.9
8.9
8.7
8.7
8.7
8.9
8.9
9.2
8.7
9.0
8.7
8.7
8.7
8.5
Appendix table 2-30

Expenditures on tertiary education as a percentage of GDP and change in expenditures: 1995, 2000, and 2007
(Percent)
Country
OECD countries
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canadaa
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovakia
South Korea
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
OECD average
EU average
Partner countries
Brazil
Chileb
Estonia
Israel
Russia
Slovenia
Expenditures on tertiary education as a

percentage of GDP
1995
2000
2007
Change in expenditures (2000 = 100),

constant prices
1995
2000
2007
1.6
1.2
NA
2.1
0.9
1.6
1.9
1.4
1.1
0.6
1.0
NA
1.3
0.7
1.3
NA
1.0
1.6
NA
1.6
0.8
0.9
0.7
NA
1.0
1.5
0.9
0.5
1.1
2.3
NA
NA
1.5
1.1
1.3
2.3
0.8
1.6
1.7
1.3
1.1
0.8
1.1
1.1
1.5
0.9
1.4
NA
1.0
1.4
NA
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.8
2.2
1.1
1.6
1.1
0.8
1.0
2.7
NA
NA
1.5
1.3
1.3
2.6
1.2
1.7
1.6
1.4
1.1
NA
0.9
1.2
1.2
0.9
1.5
NA
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.6
0.9
2.4
1.1
1.6
1.2
NA
1.3
3.1
1.5
1.3
90
97
NA
75
101
91
90
91
95
66
77
NA
57
79
88
NA
77
95
104
107
89
73
81
NA
72
81
74
55
97
71
83
84
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
132
147
111
128
205
123
120
117
109
NA
133
153
117
112
115
NA
149
122
143
115
172
170
170
150
126
118
127
NA
150
134
136
137
0.7
1.7
1.0
1.8
NA
NA
0.7
2.0
1.0
1.9
0.5
NA
0.8
2.0
1.3
1.8
1.7
1.3
78
61
69
81
NA
NA
100
100
100
100
100
NA
126
136
158
108
317
NA
NA = not available
EU = European Union; GDP = gross domestic product; OECD = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
aYear of
bYear of
reference 2006 instead of 2007.

reference 2008 instead of 2007.
NOTES: For expenditures as a percentage of GDP, data for Hungary, Luxembourg, Norway, Switzerland, Turkey, Brazil, Estonia,
and Russia for public expenditures only. For change in expenditures, data for Canada, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Portugal,
Switzerland, Turkey, Brazil, and Russia for public institutions only and data for Hungary, New Zealand, Switzerland, Turkey,
Brazil, Estonia, and Russia for public expenditures only. EU data include Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, and United
Kingdom plus partner countries Estonia and Slovenia.
SOURCE: OECD, Education at a Glance 2010,
http://www.oecd.org/document/52/0,3343,en_2649_39263238_45897844_1_1_1_1,00.html. Accessed 6 October 2010.
Appendix table 2-31

Tertiary-type A, advanced research programs, and tertiary education, by age group and country: 2008
(Percent)
Country
OECD average
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
Chile
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Israel
Italy
Japan
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Russian Federation (2002)
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Korea
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Tertiary-type A and advanced research

programs
2564 years
2534 years
20.8
26.9
25.5
31.9
10.7
13.5
16.4
22.8
10.8
11.0
25.2
29.8
15.7
22.3
14.5
17.7
27.5
34.9
22.3
23.5
21.5
32.9
16.4
23.7
16.4
17.5
16.8
18.6
18.7
23.0
27.9
30.6
22.2
30.6
28.8
28.9
14.0
19.6
24.3
30.9
20.0
28.0
14.9
18.6
29.8
37.5
25.1
33.6
33.6
43.8
19.6
32.1
14.3
23.2
20.8
21.3
14.0
17.8
11.8
18.4
25.6
34.6
20.1
25.7
23.4
32.4
23.3
28.8
12.0
15.5
23.6
30.7
31.5
32.3
All tertiary education

2564 years
2534 years
28.4
35.4
35.7
41.7
18.1
19.4
32.3
42.3
10.8
11.0
48.8
55.9
24.2
33.7
14.5
17.7
34.5
43.1
34.3
35.8
36.6
38.3
27.4
40.7
25.4
23.9
23.4
28.2
19.2
24.0
31.3
32.8
33.9
45.1
44.0
42.3
14.4
19.9
42.8
55.1
27.7
38.7
16.0
19.7
32.2
39.8
40.0
47.6
36.0
45.6
19.6
32.1
14.3
23.2
54.0
55.5
14.8
18.4
22.6
30.0
36.6
57.9
29.2
38.8
32.0
40.8
33.7
38.5
12.0
15.5
32.5
38.4
41.1
41.6
OECD = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development; ISCED = International Standard Classification of Education
NOTES: Tertiary education includes ISCED levels 5A, 5B, and 6 programs. ISCED 5A programs are largely theory-based and designed to
provide sufficient qualifications for entry into advanced research programs and professions with high skill requirements. ISCED 5B programs
focus on practical, technical, or occupational skills for direct entry into labor market. ISCED 6 programs are devoted to advanced studies and
original research leading to award of an advanced research qualification. In the United States, ISCED 5B corresponds to associates, ISCED
5A corresponds to bachelors and masters, and ISCED 6 corresponds to doctoral degrees.
SOURCE: OECD, Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2010 (2010).
Appendix table 2-32

First university degrees, by selected region and country/economy: 2008 or most recent year
Field of first university degree
Region/country/economy
World total
United States
EU
Japan
China
Physical/
biological
sciences
Mathematics/
computer
sciences
Agricultural
sciences
Social/
behavioral
sciences
1,313,989
248,659
301,963
206,392
141,475
42,491
76,153
27,926
268,930
Engineering
1,955,714
69,908
322,847
95,216
704,604
327,098
133,749
37,351
264,941
Non-S&E
9,854,140
1,084,245
1,742,372
218,875
1,113,445
2,231,843
1,046,341
676,029
1,740,990
S&E
33.7
31.4
34.9
60.6
50.7
26.9
23.0
15.2
32.5
81,309
1,469
0
23
45,649
7,801
16,113
177
172
633
529
0
NA
4,288
4,455
443,990
48,002
23
699
141,475
NA
206,392
1,820
102
5,719
2,986
15,145
NA
14,689
6,938
1,133,610
870
0
428
704,604
127,610
95,216
2,139
240
17,349
3,015
45,224
3,887
77,238
55,790
3,724,518
105,414
774
11,237
1,113,445
1,589,011
218,875
20,495
2,417
49,630
20,018
263,839
6,238
185,563
137,562
38,795
155
8,171
1,289
2,050
4,491
1,347
901
1,244
96
9,337
8,551
1,163
18,752
0
10,731
1,185
381
630
101
104
89
0
334
5,179
18
87,040
184
18,273
570
10,602
1,432
2,536
342
2,681
30
8,015
41,883
492
87,907
134
39,669
6,979
5,444
4,484
2,982
836
1,432
183
2,323
22,619
822
10,033
3,593
74
853
85
7,624
1,122
51
121
104
31,605
14,578
70
6,125
159
16,282
8,582
12
354
82
All fields
14,854,840
1,580,413
2,675,270
555,690
2,256,783
3,052,984
1,358,463
797,450
2,577,787
All S&E fields

5,000,700
496,168
932,898
336,815
1,143,338
821,141
312,122
121,421
836,797
1,056,439
104,364
136,499
19,094
251,610
358,953
23,201
24,855
137,913
456,671
54,763
136,975
NA
NA
75,422
47,933
22,248
119,330
217,837
18,474
34,614
16,113
45,649
17,177
31,086
9,041
45,683
6,118,211
180,258
818
14,182
2,256,783
2,052,197
555,690
26,395
2,931
93,384
28,170
350,529
11,472
315,204
230,198
2,393,693
74,844
44
2,945
1,143,338
463,186
336,815
5,900
514
43,754
8,152
86,690
5,234
129,641
92,636
649,832
18,905
0
250
251,610
327,775
19,094
362
0
8,132
708
0
1,347
14,973
6,726
84,902
5,598
21
1,545
NA
NA
NA
1,402
0
11,921
914
26,321
NA
18,453
18,727
Middle Eastb
Bahrain(2006)
Iran (2007)
Iraq (2004)
Israel
Jordan (2007)
Lebanon
Oman
Palestine
Qatar (2008)
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
United Arab Emirates (2007)
738,715
2,116
195,076
54,396
54,317
40,787
25,677
7,779
19,825
1,536
82,619
245,140
9,447
281,431
533
93,125
11,629
21,580
13,633
8,834
2,414
5,981
369
29,300
91,243
2,790
48,937
60
16,281
1,606
3,103
2,596
1,868
231
535
60
9,291
13,011
295
Africab
Algeria (2007)
Burundi (2004)
Cameroon
Eritrea (2004)
258,027
99,420
680
27,368
1,254
82,866
33,990
207
10,877
501
17,322
6,115
0
3,424
71
Asia-8a
Russia
Brazil
All others
Asiab
Bangladesh (2003)
Brunei
Cambodia (2007)
China
India (2003)
Japanc
Kyrgyzstan
Laos (2006)
Malaysia (2007)
Mongolia
Philippines (2004)
Singapored
South Korea
Taiwan
Percent
Natural
sciences
11.7
11.2
11.5
6.3
13.2
14.8
7.5
7.0
11.8
Engineering
13.2
4.4
12.1
17.1
31.2
10.7
9.8
4.7
10.3
39.1
41.5
5.4
20.8
50.7
22.6
60.6
22.4
17.5
46.9
28.9
24.7
45.6
41.1
40.2
13.3
14.4
2.6
12.8
13.2
16.3
6.3
7.4
5.9
22.2
7.6
7.5
11.7
12.0
13.0
18.5
0.5
0.0
3.0
31.2
6.2
17.1
8.1
8.2
18.6
10.7
12.9
33.9
24.5
24.2
457,284
1,583
101,951
42,767
32,737
27,154
16,843
5,365
13,844
1,167
53,319
153,897
6,657
38.1
25.2
47.7
21.4
39.7
33.4
34.4
31.0
30.2
24.0
35.5
37.2
29.5
14.4
10.2
18.0
7.5
10.2
18.9
12.9
15.9
9.4
10.2
23.0
10.9
15.6
11.9
6.3
20.3
12.8
10.0
11.0
11.6
10.7
7.2
11.9
2.8
9.2
8.7
175,161
65,430
473
16,491
753
32.1
34.2
30.4
39.7
40.0
13.6
10.9
18.4
16.1
20.7
6.3
8.6
1.8
1.3
6.5
Appendix table 2-32

Ethiopia
Gambia (2004)
Kenya (2001)
Lesotho (2003)
Madagascar
Morocco
Mozambique (2005)
Namibia (2008)
Swaziland (2001)
Uganda (2004)
Europeb
EU
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland (2005)
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdome
Other Europe
Albania (2003)
Armenia
Croatia
Georgia(2007)
All fields
49,225
470
15,620
475
10,051
35,560
3,615
2,825
1,843
9,621
All S&E fields

12,522
94
3,870
190
3,427
12,379
1,157
262
237
3,153
4,177,768
2,675,270
27,399
35,906
48,760
1,720
55,611
29,750
7,315
57,515
287,234
322,651
35,425
49,067
26,486
231,082
19,426
30,229
330
89,331
321,762
65,747
307,629
50,040
7,861
187,420
44,784
334,790
1,502,498
4,916
19,606
16,235
34,052
1,279,424
932,898
9,742
12,405
16,859
523
20,960
7,413
2,602
21,074
100,257
118,486
15,506
10,447
5,692
81,057
4,698
9,663
128
22,475
117,144
29,755
121,215
13,552
2,494
60,005
14,496
114,250
346,526
790
2,776
5,689
6,514
Percent
Physical/
biological
sciences
Mathematics/
computer
sciences
Agricultural
sciences
Social/
behavioral
sciences
1,578
94
1,120
40
1,132
3,315
85
0
44
304
2,617
0
71
0
243
2,117
192
38
0
150
3,487
0
1,494
30
76
380
181
154
118
306
164,961
136,499
1,291
1,356
741
69
2,551
801
439
2,889
17,986
24,539
1,872
698
920
11,161
345
688
6
1,095
12,281
3,631
10,202
1,654
216
6,735
1,558
30,775
28,462
38
314
785
1,407
189,342
136,975
1,904
906
1,053
164
3,076
798
482
3,704
15,913
26,398
2,607
2,600
1,170
4,763
679
1,418
51
4,301
16,124
5,244
9,338
1,982
192
10,226
1,162
20,720
52,367
63
0
1,113
646
69,231
34,614
234
673
610
0
1,733
96
225
1,203
2,112
2,847
857
988
229
3,256
140
428
0
922
6,438
1,472
2,725
1,178
129
2,862
222
3,035
34,617
339
1,068
522
1,141
1,712
0
445
120
1,723
4,427
537
0
69
1,640
Engineering
3,128
0
740
0
253
2,140
162
70
6
753
Non-S&E
36,703
376
11,750
285
6,624
23,181
2,458
2,563
1,606
6,468
S&E
25.4
20.0
24.8
40.0
34.1
34.8
32.0
9.3
12.9
32.8
385,342
301,963
2,500
4,069
7,398
199
3,068
1,764
667
4,578
23,223
24,573
6,203
2,048
764
26,924
2,132
2,667
58
9,290
46,622
5,789
68,104
2,876
1,121
12,002
3,999
39,325
83,379
132
85
737
101
470,548
322,847
3,813
5,401
7,057
91
10,532
3,954
789
8,700
41,023
40,129
3,967
4,113
2,609
34,953
1,402
4,462
13
6,867
35,679
13,619
30,846
5,862
836
28,180
7,555
20,395
147,701
218
1,309
2,532
3,219
2,898,344
1,742,372
17,657
23,501
31,901
1,197
34,651
22,337
4,713
36,441
186,977
204,165
19,919
38,620
20,794
150,025
14,728
20,566
202
66,856
204,618
35,992
186,414
36,488
5,367
127,415
30,288
220,540
1,155,972
4,126
16,830
10,546
27,538
30.6
34.9
35.6
34.5
34.6
30.4
37.7
24.9
35.6
36.6
34.9
36.7
43.8
21.3
21.5
35.1
24.2
32.0
38.8
25.2
36.4
45.3
39.4
27.1
31.7
32.0
32.4
34.1
23.1
16.1
14.2
35.0
19.1
Natural
sciences
15.6
20.0
17.2
14.7
14.4
16.3
12.7
6.8
8.8
7.9
Engineering
6.4
0.0
4.7
0.0
2.5
6.0
4.5
2.5
0.3
7.8
10.1
11.5
12.5
8.2
4.9
13.5
13.2
5.7
15.7
13.6
12.5
16.7
15.1
8.7
8.8
8.3
6.0
8.4
17.3
7.1
10.8
15.7
7.2
9.6
6.8
10.6
6.6
16.3
7.7
9.0
7.0
14.9
9.4
11.3
12.1
13.9
15.0
14.5
5.3
18.9
13.3
10.8
15.1
14.3
12.4
11.2
8.4
9.9
15.1
7.2
14.8
3.9
7.7
11.1
20.7
10.0
11.7
10.6
15.0
16.9
6.1
9.8
4.4
6.7
15.6
9.5
Appendix table 2-32

Iceland
Macedonia
Norway
Switzerland
Russia
Americab
North/Central America
Canada
Cuba
El Salvador
Guatemala (2007)
Honduras (2003)
Mexico
Panama
United States
South America
Argentina (2007)
Bolivia (2000)
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Guyana (2007)
Venezuela (2002)
Uruguay
All fields
2,672
10,493
26,929
29,132
1,358,463
All S&E fields

742
2,705
5,896
9,292
312,122
3,355,148
2,238,845
181,580
103,285
10,898
4,105
4,386
336,810
17,368
1,580,413
1,116,303
78,433
15,341
797,450
52,701
107,683
1,131
54,650
8,914
906,541
697,222
69,046
6,368
2,262
1,482
1,391
116,835
3,670
496,168
209,319
21,560
5,115
121,421
15,441
29,657
637
13,324
2,164
Percent
Physical/
biological
sciences
Mathematics/
computer
sciences
Agricultural
sciences
Social/
behavioral
sciences
86
363
471
1,797
23,201
85
542
851
1,134
47,933
11
155
129
166
31,086
161,741
132,013
17,097
461
197
144
25
9,582
143
104,364
29,728
2,445
563
24,855
1,027
0
47
492
299
121,792
92,393
6,480
1,858
954
0
103
27,805
430
54,763
29,399
2,596
392
22,248
1,216
2,190
53
436
268
39,731
24,800
934
430
93
244
414
4,068
143
18,474
14,931
1,695
1,006
9,041
1,170
1,700
0
155
164
334
610
2,155
3,072
76,153
Engineering
226
1,035
2,290
3,123
133,749
Non-S&E
1,930
7,788
21,033
19,840
1,046,341
S&E
27.8
25.8
21.9
31.9
23.0
350,569
305,174
30,932
1,844
24
236
57
22,554
868
248,659
45,395
8,300
997
27,926
4,785
0
537
1,948
902
232,708
142,842
13,603
1,775
994
858
792
52,826
2,086
69,908
89,866
6,524
2,157
37,351
7,243
25,767
0
10,293
531
2,448,607
1,541,623
112,534
96,917
8,636
2,623
2,995
219,975
13,698
1,084,245
906,984
56,873
10,226
676,029
37,260
78,026
494
41,326
6,750
27.0
31.1
38.0
6.2
20.8
36.1
31.7
34.7
21.1
31.4
18.8
27.5
33.3
15.2
29.3
27.5
56.3
24.4
24.3
Natural
sciences
6.8
10.1
5.4
10.6
7.5
Engineering
8.5
9.9
8.5
10.7
9.8
9.6
11.1
13.5
2.7
11.4
9.5
12.4
12.3
4.1
11.2
6.6
8.6
12.8
7.0
6.5
3.6
8.8
2.0
8.2
6.9
6.4
7.5
1.7
9.1
20.9
18.1
15.7
12.0
4.4
8.1
8.3
14.1
4.7
13.7
23.9
0.0
18.8
6.0
Appendix table 2-32

Oceaniab
Australia
New Zealand
All fields
206,971
177,155
29,816
All S&E fields

56,745
47,940
8,805
Percent
Physical/
biological
sciences
Mathematics/
computer
sciences
Agricultural
sciences
Social/
behavioral
sciences
13,646
11,338
2,308
11,807
10,108
1,699
1,190
1,037
153
15,443
12,968
2,475
Engineering
14,659
12,489
2,170
Non-S&E
150,226
129,215
21,011
S&E
27.4
27.1
29.5
Natural
sciences
12.9
12.7
14.0
Engineering
7.1
7.0
7.3
NA = not available
aIncludes India,
Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. Data on Indonesia and Thailand are not available.
locations for which relatively recent data are available.
cJapanese social science data also include business administration.
dSingapore data include social sciences in humanities (non-S&E) and mathematical sciences in physical and biological sciences.
eIncludes former colleges and polytechnical institutions. Data for United Kingdom rounded to nearest 5. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Ratios based on unrounded data.
bIncludes only
NOTES: Physical/biological sciences include physical; biological; and earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences. Natural sciences include physical, biological, agricultural, and computer sciences and mathematics. Data for first university
degrees use International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 97), level 5A. First university degree programs in most countries <5 years; however, in some countries, especially European, some level 5A degree programs >5
years. Data for some countries include degrees comparable with U.S. masters or first professional degrees.
SOURCES: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD.Stat Extracts, http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx/; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Institute for Statistics,
International Education Database, special tabulations (as of November 2010); CanadaStatistics Canada, special tabulations (2009); ChinaNational Bureau of Statistics of China, China Statistical Yearbook, 2009 (Beijing); India
Government of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Higher Education 2008, Education Statistics at a Glance 2005-06; JapanGovernment of Japan, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and
Technology, Monbusho Survey of Education (2011); RussiaState University Higher School of Economics, special tabulations (2009); SingaporeMinistry of Education, Education Statistics Digest: 2009; TaiwanMinistry of Education,
Educational Statistics of the Republic of China: 2008 (2008); United KingdomHigher Education Statistics Agency, special tabulations (2011); and United StatesNational Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary
Education Data System, Completions Survey; and National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System (WebCASPAR),
Appendix table 2-33

S&E first university degrees, by selected Western or Asian country/economy and field: 200008
Country/economy and field
Australia
All fields
S&E fields
Physical/biological sciences
Engineering
Canada
All fields
S&E fields
Engineering
China
All fields
S&E fields
Engineering
France
All fields
S&E fields
Engineering
Germany
All fields
S&E fields
Engineering
Italy
All fields
S&E fields
Engineering
Japan
All fields
S&E fields
Engineering
Mexico
All fields
S&E fields
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
112,745
29,859
8,523
5,765
1,116
4,918
9,537
129,499
33,899
8,945
7,453
1,364
5,699
10,438
137,877
41,132
8,545
11,703
1,120
8,097
11,667
152,287
45,627
8,444
15,549
1,200
8,297
12,137
130,298
42,984
9,389
12,574
1,246
9,732
10,043
176,906
50,840
10,483
14,563
1,132
12,328
12,334
171,582
49,836
10,982
13,215
1,072
12,210
12,357
176,136
49,507
11,400
11,621
1,114
12,709
12,663
177,155
47,940
11,338
10,108
1,037
12,968
12,489
127,131
53,350
10,353
5,424
1,236
26,660
9,677
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
137,296
53,201
9,894
7,267
1,537
23,845
10,658
149,910
59,970
9,750
8,895
1,152
27,861
12,312
176,910
58,908
9,807
7,896
987
27,849
12,369
160,428
60,552
14,208
7,350
834
25,851
12,309
181,580
69,046
17,097
6,480
934
30,932
13,603
495,624
359,478
49,214
NA
19,154
78,205
212,905
567,839
337,352
63,517
NA
19,005
35,267
219,563
655,763
384,529
72,526
NA
22,462
37,517
252,024
929,598
533,582
103,409
NA
29,758
48,878
351,537
1,196,290
672,463
134,164
NA
34,078
61,758
442,463
1,465,786
796,430
163,076
NA
35,419
80,710
517,225
1,726,674
911,846
194,807
NA
36,740
104,665
575,634
1,995,944
1,031,911
228,090
NA
43,270
126,807
633,744
2,256,783
1,143,338
251,610
NA
45,649
141,475
704,604
275,316
116,160
33,511
15,042
2,257
31,057
34,293
300,088
125,738
36,659
16,281
2,379
34,233
36,186
309,009
111,877
27,750
14,707
306
27,893
41,221
328,784
118,954
29,472
15,613
327
29,635
43,907
328,784
118,954
29,472
15,613
327
29,635
43,907
273,523
94,605
17,894
14,946
2,193
21,170
38,402
285,238
100,524
19,075
16,134
2,737
23,169
39,409
287,035
100,979
18,838
15,971
2,483
23,143
40,544
287,234
100,257
17,986
15,913
2,112
23,223
41,023
178,618
66,559
11,516
8,700
2,140
7,884
36,319
173,407
62,917
10,818
8,532
2,051
7,414
34,102
176,025
63,400
11,243
9,146
2,106
8,106
32,799
183,322
66,530
11,052
10,630
2,424
8,876
33,548
196,608
71,675
11,705
13,716
2,575
9,580
34,099
197,770
74,970
12,454
16,103
2,321
10,727
33,365
267,597
95,101
16,952
21,656
2,367
19,919
34,207
294,357
104,882
19,797
24,311
2,457
21,829
36,488
322,651
118,486
24,539
26,398
2,847
24,573
40,129
150,677
57,263
8,885
4,827
1,345
14,521
27,685
159,276
59,082
9,059
4,432
1,468
15,350
28,773
171,806
62,842
9,650
4,491
1,835
16,701
30,165
201,019
72,199
10,260
5,766
2,529
18,282
35,362
264,574
98,767
13,469
6,492
3,340
29,567
45,899
291,304
108,181
14,062
6,354
3,725
34,916
49,124
273,451
100,963
13,073
6,037
3,611
33,813
44,429
251,155
90,332
11,519
5,321
3,564
30,800
39,128
231,082
81,057
11,161
4,763
3,256
26,924
34,953
538,683
353,465
13,300
4,941
15,562
216,506
103,156
545,512
359,019
14,192
4,965
14,084
221,300
104,478
547,711
357,282
19,369
NA
16,393
217,838
103,682
544,894
352,088
19,549
NA
15,933
215,205
101,401
548,897
351,299
19,727
NA
15,865
217,276
98,431
551,016
349,015
19,260
NA
16,015
215,809
97,931
558,184
350,137
19,805
NA
16,019
217,638
96,675
559,090
344,990
19,536
NA
16,122
213,179
96,153
555,690
336,815
19,094
NA
16,113
206,392
95,216
287,019
86,351
6,194
19,351
3,475
296,485
90,482
6,251
22,306
3,755
321,799
99,936
7,695
23,557
4,381
280,589
86,588
6,885
24,946
3,533
276,690
93,858
7,093
24,584
3,912
309,266
107,981
8,150
28,860
3,722
339,340
117,304
8,837
30,268
4,143
343,328
122,997
9,244
29,052
4,116
336,810
116,835
9,582
27,805
4,068
Appendix table 2-33

Engineering
Poland
All fields
S&E fields
Engineering
South Korea
All fields
S&E fields
Engineering
Spain
All fields
S&E fields
Engineering
Taiwan
All fields
S&E fields
Engineering
Turkey
All fields
S&E fields
Engineering
United States
All fields
S&E fields
Engineering
United Kingdoma
All fields
S&E fields
2000
16,996
40,335
2001
17,168
41,002
2002
19,621
44,682
2003
4,110
47,114
2004
15,423
42,846
2005
19,921
47,328
2006
21,801
52,255
2007
27,803
52,782
2008
22,554
52,826
207,791
66,160
5,613
4,082
4,481
26,986
24,998
240,976
77,351
6,695
5,752
4,848
33,513
26,543
260,953
83,773
7,550
6,363
5,252
35,987
28,621
269,861
87,774
7,128
8,114
4,869
36,962
30,701
278,509
90,587
6,379
12,785
4,759
37,389
29,275
287,607
93,698
6,541
15,295
5,114
37,628
29,120
293,045
107,355
11,585
17,597
5,240
38,857
34,076
309,526
116,614
11,989
17,274
6,375
43,882
37,094
321,762
117,144
12,281
16,124
6,438
46,622
35,679
214,498
96,859
13,427
9,299
5,859
11,766
56,508
239,702
111,060
13,915
14,510
5,555
14,764
62,316
244,852
113,097
12,864
13,591
5,910
15,790
64,942
258,126
115,770
17,035
10,131
2,387
15,717
70,500
267,058
119,338
15,811
14,287
3,228
15,638
70,374
268,833
117,921
14,093
14,494
4,401
14,131
70,802
270,546
116,231
14,237
15,321
4,021
14,051
68,601
277,858
116,651
14,343
16,505
3,687
14,133
67,983
315,204
129,641
14,973
18,453
4,288
14,689
77,238
207,578
65,813
10,908
9,010
4,739
13,975
27,181
211,349
70,643
10,959
9,952
4,359
15,079
30,294
211,979
70,828
10,405
9,354
4,865
15,410
30,794
209,373
70,693
9,930
9,546
4,770
14,303
32,144
202,435
67,316
8,872
9,929
4,401
13,326
30,788
195,946
64,889
8,188
10,250
4,279
13,310
28,862
192,178
63,201
7,770
10,641
3,511
12,750
28,529
185,151
61,394
7,009
10,458
3,224
12,320
28,383
187,420
60,005
6,735
10,226
2,862
12,002
28,180
100,171
39,804
3,448
8,043
3,259
5,489
19,565
117,430
48,624
3,684
9,391
3,200
5,762
26,587
146,166
61,540
3,982
12,252
3,583
6,277
35,446
176,044
72,540
4,294
15,791
4,016
6,492
41,947
192,854
79,283
4,550
18,546
5,074
7,002
44,111
210,763
85,891
4,953
21,284
5,024
7,760
46,870
219,919
89,573
5,425
23,224
4,988
7,971
48,133
228,645
92,167
6,101
18,733
4,253
7,005
56,075
230,198
92,636
6,726
18,727
4,455
6,938
55,790
118,882
49,069
8,744
4,276
4,913
15,543
15,593
142,275
52,292
9,685
5,099
4,737
16,802
15,969
140,631
53,338
9,587
5,377
5,201
17,006
16,167
143,813
53,773
9,198
5,502
4,524
18,068
16,481
188,134
53,793
9,224
5,655
4,298
17,615
17,001
150,421
55,429
9,146
6,235
4,267
17,674
18,107
203,108
71,120
9,877
6,573
4,455
31,891
18,324
223,559
78,202
11,674
7,404
4,623
34,617
19,884
245,140
91,243
13,011
8,551
5,179
41,883
22,619
1,254,618
398,602
83,484
49,233
18,245
188,153
59,487
1,260,308
400,435
80,124
55,034
17,465
188,598
59,214
1,308,970
415,983
79,656
61,960
17,359
196,403
60,605
1,365,694
442,755
81,576
70,789
17,703
208,898
63,789
1,417,421
458,658
82,872
73,703
17,058
220,345
64,680
1,456,401
470,214
86,936
69,404
17,120
230,602
66,152
1,502,922
478,858
93,349
63,310
17,307
236,665
68,227
1,541,704
485,772
100,432
58,147
17,696
241,223
68,274
1,580,413
496,168
104,364
54,763
18,474
248,659
69,908
265,270
92,530
31,630
15,300
274,440
95,310
33,630
17,120
272,660
95,180
32,570
18,420
282,380
104,120
27,300
23,340
292,090
109,940
27,540
25,600
306,360
112,500
28,290
25,370
315,990
113,580
28,540
24,340
319,260
111,810
29,120
22,090
334,790
114,250
30,780
20,720
Appendix table 2-33

Engineering
2000
2,340
22,710
20,550
2001
2,910
21,170
20,490
2002
2,970
20,930
20,280
2003
2,710
31,310
19,460
2004
3,070
33,940
19,780
2005
2,920
36,350
19,580
2006
2,820
38,110
19,770
2007
2,830
37,870
19,900
2008
3,040
39,330
20,400
NA = not available
aIncludes former
colleges and polytechnical institutions. Data rounded to the nearest 10. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
NOTES: Physical/biological sciences include physical; biological; and earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences. Data for first university degrees use International
Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 97), level 5A.
SOURCES: ChinaNational Bureau of Statistics of China, China Statistical Yearbook, annual series (Beijing) (various years); JapanGovernment of Japan, Ministry
of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho Survey of Education (annual series; various years); TaiwanMinistry of Education, Educational
Statistics of the Republic of China (annual series; various years); United KingdomHigher Education Statistics Agency, special tabulations (various years); United
StatesNational Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey, and National Science Foundation, National
Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System (WebCASPAR), http://webcaspar.nsf.gov; and other
countriesOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD Stat Extracts, http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx.
Appendix table 2-34

First university degrees, by field, sex, and region/country/economy: 2008 or most recent year
All fields
All S&E fields
Physical/
biological
sciences
896,507
119,532
234
9,595
1,235,444
319,614
11,065
1,773
9,817
142,102
5,518
166,938
110,319
518,585
51,103
14
2,442
303,725
245,908
3,120
415
3,587
49,250
3,124
90,131
69,491
40,810
13,861
0
193
196,058
13,934
84
0
287
0
491
7,740
4,220
42,827
4,709
8
1,365
NA
NA
691
0
502
11,254
0
12,865
11,433
15,680
1,223
0
19
6,524
9,454
121
131
174
0
0
2,482
2,076
185,817
30,532
6
457
NA
138,014
674
62
991
4,728
0
7,603
2,750
233,451
778
0
408
101,143
84,506
1,550
222
1,633
33,268
2,633
59,441
49,012
377,922
68,429
220
7,153
931,719
73,706
7,945
1,358
6,230
92,852
2,394
76,807
40,828
Middle East
Bahrain
Iran (2007)
Iraq (2004)
Israel
Jordan (2007)
Lebanon
Oman
Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
349,552
582
89,798
33,021
22,322
19,051
11,606
3,691
8,231
474
25,460
132,237
3,079
150,717
146
49,687
8,203
11,040
7,441
4,460
1,297
3,098
132
8,281
55,698
1,234
17,385
5
5,149
725
1,387
847
672
71
138
3
1,728
6,605
55
18,763
53
2,820
680
1,415
2,560
859
391
685
25
3,632
5,191
452
10,675
0
5,895
799
173
259
39
52
71
0
90
3,294
3
38,204
11
6,586
339
4,018
536
697
115
1,265
0
775
23,758
104
65,690
77
29,237
5,660
4,047
3,239
2,193
668
939
104
2,056
16,850
620
198,835
436
40,111
24,818
11,282
11,610
7,146
2,394
5,133
342
17,179
76,539
1,845
Africa
Algeria (2007)
Burundi (2004)
Eritrea (2004)
Ethiopia
Gambia (2004)
Madagascar
Morocco
Mozambique (2005)
Swaziland (2006)
Uganda (2004)
112,745
37,554
504
1,074
39,705
402
5,062
19,543
2,522
847
5,532
37,885
14,173
163
450
10,441
86
2,089
7,341
899
144
2,099
5,787
1,629
0
67
1,330
86
665
1,690
65
31
224
6,406
1,912
62
72
2,099
0
203
1,786
166
0
106
4,435
547
40
94
2,947
0
45
293
130
77
262
10,617
4,612
49
137
1,372
0
972
2,086
388
32
969
10,640
5,473
12
80
2,693
0
204
1,486
150
4
538
74,860
23,381
341
624
29,264
316
2,973
12,202
1,623
703
3,433
1,136,599
1,073,767
12,121
16,082
18,806
23,596
11,394
2,334
20,505
129,050
138,964
12,737
16,650
10,841
96,372
5,450
10,041
165
39,129
118,481
524,647
503,900
5,887
6,971
8,292
12,874
4,614
1,201
12,067
58,509
69,471
7,164
6,553
3,540
44,275
2,061
5,022
67
14,015
58,030
59,999
57,566
583
717
233
1,044
396
125
950
8,523
10,507
824
332
331
4,265
131
281
3
629
3,874
101,197
97,991
1,529
780
542
2,456
655
303
2,516
12,062
17,145
1,438
2,062
811
3,292
480
972
41
3,927
12,354
19,972
17,787
104
362
328
771
33
103
589
1,028
1,703
435
511
127
2,058
56
227
0
516
2,800
101,489
99,015
833
1,262
2,489
952
729
170
1,207
7,086
9,052
2,077
562
188
10,891
438
544
10
3,140
14,957
241,990
231,541
2,838
3,850
4,700
7,651
2,801
500
6,805
29,810
31,064
2,390
3,086
2,083
23,769
956
2,998
13
5,803
24,045
611,952
569,867
6,234
9,111
10,514
10,722
6,780
1,133
8,438
70,541
69,493
5,573
10,097
7,301
52,097
3,389
5,019
98
25,114
60,451
Sex and region/country/economy

Male
Asia
Bangladesh (2003)
Brunei
Cambodia (2007)
India (2003)
Japana
Kyrgyzstan
Laos (2006)
Mongolia
Philippines (2004)
Singaporeb
South Korea
Taiwan
Europe
EU
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland (2005)
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Poland
Mathematics/
computer
sciences
Agricultural
sciences
Social/
behavioral
sciences
Engineering
Non-S&E
Appendix table 2-34


Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Physical/
biological
sciences
Mathematics/
computer
sciences
Agricultural
sciences
Social/
behavioral
sciences
1,255
2,868
626
66
2,435
573
15,995
2,433
7
177
229
568
34
121
201
1,096
3,981
4,936
1,540
167
7,771
826
15,405
3,206
18
0
670
380
74
347
708
1,009
829
1,787
671
53
1,645
106
945
2,185
164
646
211
905
7
80
64
108
1,792
19,936
861
309
4,088
1,272
14,170
2,474
21
10
188
28
99
129
899
1,100
Engineering
9,825
20,785
3,980
570
18,877
5,292
17,050
10,449
153
907
1,765
2,495
154
639
1,744
2,592
Non-S&E
9,093
60,896
9,509
1,577
38,890
7,617
80,180
42,085
1,024
6,521
3,484
13,195
470
2,966
6,481
7,944
United Kingdomc
Other Europe
Albania (2003)
Armenia
Croatia
Georgia (2007)
Iceland
Macedonia
Norway
Switzerland
All fields
26,775
111,208
17,187
2,742
73,706
15,686
143,745
62,832
1,387
8,261
6,547
17,571
838
4,282
10,097
13,849
All S&E fields

17,682
50,312
7,678
1,165
34,816
8,069
63,565
20,747
363
1,740
3,063
4,376
368
1,316
3,616
5,905
Belize (2004)
Canada
Cuba
El Salvador
Guatemala
Mexico
Panama
United States
958,714
53
68,842
53,810
4,373
2,254
150,099
5,495
673,788
354,409
7
31,900
3,356
1,349
928
68,270
1,880
246,719
57,215
3
6,616
239
77
38
4,095
84
46,063
64,503
4
4,650
951
549
0
17,207
220
40,922
12,888
0
424
281
60
197
2,850
59
9,017
110,675
0
9,714
502
8
59
6,327
335
93,730
109,128
0
10,496
1,383
655
634
37,791
1,182
56,987
604,305
46
36,942
50,454
3,024
1,326
81,829
3,615
427,069
South America
Argentina (2007)
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Guyana
Uruguay
417,354
31,728
300,367
22,242
59,596
297
3,124
109,999
10,565
67,989
8,747
21,588
183
927
11,052
840
9,619
462
0
24
107
21,477
1,739
17,305
869
1,345
30
189
9,340
1,118
6,228
709
1,181
0
104
12,660
2,367
8,500
1,412
0
129
252
55,470
4,501
26,337
5,295
19,062
0
275
307,355
21,163
232,378
13,495
38,008
114
2,197
84,037
72,593
11,444
31,363
26,793
4,570
6,042
5,087
955
9,030
7,821
1,209
588
521
67
4,780
3,978
802
10,923
9,386
1,537
52,674
45,800
6,874
Singaporeb
South Korea
Taiwan
819,340
60,726
584
4,587
816,753
236,076
15,330
1,158
18,353
208,427
5,954
148,266
119,879
224,830
23,741
30
503
159,461
90,907
2,780
99
4,565
37,440
2,110
39,510
23,145
21,555
5,044
0
57
131,717
5,160
278
0
421
0
856
7,233
2,506
30,154
889
13
180
NA
NA
711
0
412
15,067
0
5,588
7,294
11,546
246
0
4
1,277
6,659
56
41
355
0
0
1,806
2,379
110,979
17,470
17
242
NA
68,378
1,146
40
1,995
10,417
0
7,086
4,188
50,596
92
0
20
26,467
10,710
589
18
1,382
11,956
1,254
17,797
6,778
594,510
36,985
554
4,084
657,292
145,169
12,550
1,059
13,788
170,987
3,844
108,756
96,734
Middle East
Bahrain
Iran (2007)
Iraq (2004)
Israel
Jordan (2007)
Lebanon
Oman
389,163
1,534
105,278
21,375
31,995
21,736
14,071
4,088
130,714
387
43,438
3,426
10,540
6,192
4,374
1,117
31,552
55
11,132
881
1,716
1,749
1,196
160
20,032
102
5,351
609
635
1,931
488
510
8,077
0
4,836
386
208
371
62
52
48,836
173
11,687
231
6,584
896
1,839
227
22,217
57
10,432
1,319
1,397
1,245
789
168
258,449
1,147
61,840
17,949
21,455
15,544
9,697
2,971
Oceania
Australia
New Zealand
Female
Asia
Bangladesh (2003)
Brunei
Cambodia (2007)
India (2003)
Japana
Kyrgyzstan
Laos (2006)
Mongolia
Philippines(2004)
Appendix table 2-34


Palestine
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
Physical/
biological
sciences
Mathematics/
computer
sciences
Agricultural
sciences
Social/
behavioral
sciences
397
57
7,563
6,406
240
559
71
5,705
3,360
711
18
0
244
1,885
15
1,416
30
7,240
18,125
388
Engineering
493
79
267
5,769
202
Non-S&E
8,711
825
36,140
77,358
4,812
All fields
11,594
1,062
57,159
112,903
6,368
All S&E fields

2,883
237
21,019
35,545
1,556
98,994
61,866
176
180
9,520
68
4,989
16,017
1,093
996
4,089
29,782
19,817
44
51
2,081
8
1,338
5,038
258
93
1,054
6,951
4,486
0
4
248
8
467
1,625
20
13
80
2,665
1,681
12
13
518
0
40
331
26
0
44
1,390
575
11
10
540
0
31
87
51
41
44
14,298
9,966
21
22
340
0
751
2,341
149
37
671
4,478
3,109
0
2
435
0
49
654
12
2
215
69,212
42,049
132
129
7,439
60
3,651
10,979
835
903
3,035
United Kingdomc
Other Europe
Albania (2003)
Armenia
Croatia
Georgia (2007)
Iceland
Macedonia
Norway
Switzerland
1,680,986
1,599,783
15,278
19,824
29,954
32,015
18,356
4,981
37,010
158,184
183,687
22,688
32,417
15,645
134,710
13,976
20,188
165
50,202
203,281
38,972
196,421
32,853
5,119
113,714
29,098
191,045
81,203
3,529
11,345
9,688
16,481
1,834
6,211
16,832
15,283
442,132
428,475
3,855
5,434
8,567
8,086
2,799
1,401
9,007
41,748
49,015
8,342
3,894
2,152
36,782
2,637
4,641
61
8,460
59,114
12,073
70,903
5,874
1,329
25,189
6,427
50,685
13,657
427
1,036
2,626
2,138
374
1,389
2,280
3,387
81,692
78,864
708
639
508
1,507
405
314
1,939
9,463
14,032
1,048
366
589
6,896
214
407
3
466
8,407
2,376
7,334
1,028
150
4,300
985
14,780
2,828
31
137
556
839
52
242
270
701
40,048
38,820
375
126
511
620
143
179
1,188
3,851
9,253
1,169
538
359
1,471
199
446
10
374
3,770
1,263
4,402
442
25
2,455
336
5,315
1,228
45
0
443
266
11
195
143
125
18,173
16,827
130
311
282
962
63
122
614
1,084
1,144
422
477
102
1,198
84
201
0
406
3,638
643
938
507
76
1,217
116
2,090
1,346
175
422
311
236
4
75
65
58
207,501
202,749
1,667
2,807
4,909
2,116
1,035
497
3,371
16,137
15,521
4,126
1,486
576
16,033
1,694
2,123
48
6,150
31,665
3,997
48,168
2,015
812
7,914
2,727
25,155
4,752
111
75
549
73
235
481
1,256
1,972
94,718
91,215
975
1,551
2,357
2,881
1,153
289
1,895
11,213
9,065
1,577
1,027
526
11,184
446
1,464
0
1,064
11,634
3,794
10,061
1,882
266
9,303
2,263
3,345
3,503
65
402
767
724
72
396
546
531
1,238,854
1,171,308
11,423
14,390
21,387
23,929
15,557
3,580
28,003
116,436
134,672
14,346
28,523
13,493
97,928
11,339
15,547
104
41,742
144,167
26,899
125,518
26,979
3,790
88,525
22,671
140,360
67,546
3,102
10,309
7,062
14,343
1,460
4,822
14,552
11,896
Belize (2004)
Canada
Cuba
El Salvador
Guatemala (2007)
1,275,895
97
112,738
49,475
6,525
1,851
341,431
2
37,146
3,012
913
554
74,777
1
10,481
222
120
106
27,792
1
1,830
907
405
0
11,498
0
510
149
33
47
194,442
0
21,218
1,342
16
177
32,922
0
3,107
392
339
224
934,464
95
75,592
46,463
5,612
1,297
Africa
Algeria (2007)
Burundi (2004)
Eritrea (2004)
Ethiopia
Gambia (2004)
Madagascar
Morocco
Mozambique (2005)
Swaziland (2006)
Uganda (2004)
Europe
EU
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland (2005)
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Appendix table 2-34


Mexico
Panama
United States
Physical/
biological
sciences
Mathematics/
computer
sciences
Agricultural
sciences
Social/
behavioral
sciences
5,487
59
58,301
10,598
210
13,841
1,218
84
9,457
16,227
533
154,929
Engineering
15,035
904
12,921
Non-S&E
138,146
10,083
657,176
All fields
186,711
11,873
906,625
All S&E fields

48,565
1,790
249,449
South America
Argentina (2007)
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Guyana
Uruguay
628,958
46,705
497,083
30,459
48,087
834
5,790
80,881
10,995
53,432
6,694
8,069
454
1,237
17,621
1,605
15,236
565
0
23
192
7,094
857
4,943
347
845
23
79
4,430
577
2,813
461
519
0
60
29,790
5,933
19,426
3,373
0
408
650
21,946
2,023
11,014
1,948
6,705
0
256
548,077
35,710
443,651
23,765
40,018
380
4,553
Oceania
Australia
New Zealand
122,934
104,562
18,372
25,382
21,147
4,235
7,604
6,251
1,353
2,777
2,287
490
602
516
86
10,663
8,990
1,673
3,736
3,103
633
97,552
83,415
14,137
NA = not available
aJapanese social
science data include business administration.

include social sciences in humanities (non-S&E) and mathematical sciences with physical and biological sciences.
cIncludes former colleges and polytechnical institutions. Data rounded to nearest 5. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
bSingapore data
NOTES: Physical/biological sciences include physical; biological; and earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences. Data for first university degrees use International Standard
Classification of Education (ISCED 97), level 5A. Long (>5 years) and short (<5 years) first university degrees combined.
SOURCES: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD.Stat Extracts, http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Institute for Statistics, special tabulations (2010); IndiaGovernment of India, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of
Higher Education 2008, Education Statistics at a Glance 2005-06; JapanGovernment of Japan, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho
Survey of Education, special tabulations (2011); TaiwanMinistry of Education, Educational Statistics of the Republic of China: 2008 (2008); United KingdomHigher
Education Statistics Agency, special tabulations (2011); and United StatesNational Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System,
Completions Survey; and National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System
Appendix table 2-35

Earned S&E doctoral degrees, by selected region/country/economy and field: 2008 or most recent year
S&E field
World total
United States
EU
Physical/
biological
sciences
Mathematics/
computer
sciences
Agricultural
sciences
Social/
behavioral
sciences
69,225
12,207
22,411
1,686
8,953
6,970
3,538
2,122
11,338
13,268
3,058
6,043
NA
NA
369
NA
248
3,550
11,958
1,080
2,137
1,233
1,936
1,586
618
1,081
2,287
36,757
8,904
9,095
1,025
2,274
555
6,857
798
7,249
Engineering
62,935
8,110
15,287
4,073
15,276
4,685
3,902
1,221
10,381
Non-S&E
199,561
28,357
53,116
9,274
15,320
19,541
12,804
5,235
55,914
All fields
393,704
61,716
108,089
17,291
43,759
33,706
27,719
10,705
90,719
All S&E
194,143
33,359
54,973
8,017
28,439
14,165
14,915
5,470
34,805
105,688
43,759
18,730
17,291
536
719
88
1,748
9,369
3,140
225
532
9,551
54,203
28,439
7,982
8,017
270
406
46
56
3,716
2,005
83
76
3,107
17,756
8,953
5,625
1,686
82
134
15
0
798
413
50
NA
0
382
NA
NA
NA
11
92
2
13
156
108
NA
NA
0
5,330
1,936
1,299
1,233
10
1
9
0
209
77
17
NA
539
4,345
2,274
NA
1,025
107
43
13
36
311
165
8
NA
363
26,390
15,276
1,058
4,073
60
136
7
7
2,242
1,242
8
76
2,205
51,485
15,320
10,748
9,274
266
313
42
1,692
5,653
1,135
142
456
6,444
Middle Eastd
Iran (2007)
Iraq (2004)
Israel
Jordan (2007)
Lebanon
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
23,077
2,711
5,056
1,427
503
945
4,642
4,039
3,754
6,939
693
1,335
903
57
11
1,787
443
1,710
2,599
236
285
468
12
2
1,005
153
438
698
39
86
113
12
0
206
104
138
501
108
132
25
5
0
0
11
220
1,221
134
38
162
22
9
407
85
364
1,920
176
794
135
6
0
169
90
550
16,138
2,018
3,721
524
446
934
2,855
3,596
2,044
Africad
Algeria (2007)
Cameroon
Madagascar (2007)
Morocco
Uganda (2004)
14,175
7,237
680
602
4,642
1,014
7,080
4,024
505
393
1,787
371
2,812
1,359
242
184
1,005
22
916
542
25
22
206
121
191
100
0
34
0
57
1,588
704
218
106
407
153
1,573
1,319
20
47
169
18
7,095
3,213
175
209
2,855
643
Europed
EU
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy (2007)
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
149,601
108,089
2,205
1,880
601
2,382
1,102
161
1,951
11,309
25,604
1,406
1,141
1,090
10,188
139
369
3,214
5,616
76,929
54,973
1,151
1,138
316
1,516
560
105
1,053
7,710
11,314
681
387
145
5,949
69
225
563
968
27,861
22,411
350
588
102
535
0
46
314
4,398
5,791
172
176
0
2,243
16
66
0
0
6,968
6,043
140
145
18
114
205
9
100
972
1,163
115
51
0
437
10
14
0
0
3,162
2,137
50
74
25
110
0
5
42
18
402
76
40
0
511
3
26
0
0
17,656
9,095
174
147
68
167
114
11
217
1,048
1,417
79
90
0
799
12
48
0
0
21,282
15,287
437
184
103
590
241
34
380
1,274
2,541
239
30
145
1,959
28
71
563
968
72,672
53,116
1,054
742
285
866
542
56
898
3,599
14,290
725
754
945
4,239
70
144
2,651
4,648
Japana
China
Asia-8b
Russiac
Brazil
All others
Asiad
China
India (2006)
Japana (2007)
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia (2007)
Mongolia
Philippines (2004)
South Korea
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Uzbekistan
Vietnam
Appendix table 2-35

Earned S&E doctoral degrees, by selected region/country/economy and field: 2008 or most recent year
S&E field
Portugal
Romania
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
Physical/
biological
sciences
Mathematics/
computer
sciences
Agricultural
sciences
Social/
behavioral
sciences
923
229
168
98
1,846
600
3,750
5,450
65
91
105
6
4
0
3,538
864
777
512
233
66
15
327
242
1,155
925
0
16
0
0
7
488
NA
113
301
78
203
62
12
162
43
195
1,025
6
15
20
0
3
31
618
30
302
734
664
95
46
632
303
2,230
8,561
9
36
17
1
7
128
6,857
215
1,291
Engineering
837
451
342
86
682
962
2,140
5,995
66
68
60
5
7
45
3,902
395
1,447
Non-S&E
1,779
1,491
922
148
3,653
1,475
7,140
19,556
213
268
403
11
59
539
12,804
1,809
3,450
All fields
4,863
3,271
1,655
405
7,302
3,625
16,610
41,512
359
494
605
23
87
1,231
27,719
3,426
7,568
All S&E
3,084
1,780
733
257
3,649
2,150
9,470
21,956
146
226
202
12
28
692
14,915
1,617
4,118
94,617
45,205
16,708
3,948
2,549
11,156
10,844
49,412
Canada
Cuba
Mexico
United States
70,517
4,827
476
3,498
61,716
38,666
3,384
261
1,662
33,359
14,179
1,425
60
487
12,207
3,443
279
NA
106
3,058
1,386
99
48
159
1,080
10,257
690
93
570
8,904
9,401
891
60
340
8,110
31,851
1,443
215
1,836
28,357
South America
Argentina (2007)
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador (2007)
Panama
Uruguay
24,100
696
10,705
307
102
12,251
11
28
6,539
437
5,470
227
71
306
4
24
2,529
249
2,122
137
0
0
0
21
505
43
248
16
43
154
0
1
1,163
14
1,081
31
7
30
0
0
899
84
798
13
0
0
4
0
1,443
47
1,221
30
21
122
0
2
17,561
259
5,235
80
31
11,945
7
4
6,546
5,749
797
3,787
3,320
467
1,489
1,233
256
356
297
59
225
215
10
791
729
62
926
846
80
2,759
2,429
330
United Kingdome
Other Europe
Armenia
Croatia
Georgia (2007)
Iceland
Macedonia (2005)
Norway
Russiac
Switzerland
Ukraine
Americad
Oceaniad
Australia
New Zealand
NA = not available
aIncludes thesis
doctorates, called ronbun hakase, earned by employees in industry.

Malaysia, Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan. Data from Indonesia, Singapore, and Thailand are not available.
cFor Russia, math is included with physical/biological sciences.
dIncludes only locations for which relatively recent data available.
eData rounded to nearest 5. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
bIncludes India,
NOTES: Physical/biological sciences include physical, biological, earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences. Data for doctoral degrees use International Standard Classification
of Education (ISCED 97), level 6. S&E data do not include health fields.
SOURCES: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD.Stat Extracts, http://stats.oecd.org/Index.apsx; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Institute for Statistics, special tabulations (2010; ChinaChina Statistical Yearbook 2009; IndiaUniversity Grants Commission, Annual
Report 2005-06; Japan-Government of Japan, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho Survey of Education, special tabulations (2011),
and Division of Higher Education, special tabulations (2011); Taiwan-Ministry of Education, Educational Statistics of the Republic of China: 2008 (2008); United Kingdom
Higher Education Statistics Agency, special tabulations (2010); RussiaState University Higher School of Economics, special tabulations (2010); BrazilCentro de Gestao e
Estudos Estrategicos: Ciencia, Tecnologia e inovacao. Doutores 2010: Estudos da demografia da base tecnico-cientifica brasileira,
http://www.cgee.org.br/busca/ConsultaProdutoNcomTopo.php?f=1&idProduto=6401 accessed January 10 2011; CanadaStatistics Canada, special tabulations (2010); and
United StatesNational Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions Survey; and National Science Foundation, National
Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System (WebCASPAR), http://webcaspar.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 2-36

Earned S&E doctoral degrees, by sex, selected region/country/economy, and field: 2008 or most recent year
S&E field

Male
Asia
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia (2007)
Mongolia
South Korea
Taiwan
Vietnam
Middle East
Iran (2007)
Iraq (2004)
Israel
Jordan (2007)
Lebanon
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
Sub-Saharan Africa
Algeria (2007)
Madagascar (2007)
Uganda (2004)
Europe
EU
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy (2007)
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdoma
Other Europe
Armenia
Croatia
Georgia (2007)
Iceland
Macedonia
Norway
Switzerland
America
Argentina (2007)
Canada
Chile
All fields
All S&E
Physical/
biological
sciences
15,010
236
445
41
6,606
2,294
5,388
14,978
1,887
3,434
697
347
480
2,968
3,018
2,147
4,997
3,982
342
673
62,488
58,732
1,268
1,090
282
1,498
631
85
900
6,566
14,815
857
654
536
4,960
57
170
1,873
2,856
1,969
1,668
857
212
3,749
1,999
9,180
3,756
255
277
444
16
43
679
2,042
36,197
322
2,676
169
7,040
119
258
23
2,947
1,667
2,026
4,567
564
984
496
36
6
1,179
265
1,037
2,769
2,271
241
257
35,243
33,375
762
697
160
1,004
384
61
596
4,843
7,568
471
244
118
3,191
34
111
429
693
1,413
1,002
411
150
1,935
1,393
5,705
1,868
111
128
136
12
16
425
1,040
23,423
183
2,058
122
983
36
78
6
562
301
0
1,499
167
153
227
5
1
635
66
245
725
595
111
19
12,963
12,292
196
344
48
299
0
22
150
2,582
3,482
108
116
0
1,013
8
28
0
0
306
101
83
48
865
353
2,140
671
48
39
62
6
2
0
514
8,319
101
795
68
Mathematics/
computer
sciences
250
5
51
1
111
82
0
486
32
50
89
10
0
163
57
85
435
321
18
96
4,853
4,426
109
114
9
88
139
8
71
744
937
85
40
0
277
3
10
0
0
333
127
36
10
228
178
880
427
0
10
0
0
2
321
94
2,611
18
201
11
Agricultural
sciences
615
5
1
2
157
49
401
339
104
104
15
5
0
0
11
100
108
52
18
38
1,228
1,169
32
40
9
62
0
3
19
13
265
51
22
0
252
0
8
0
35
118
35
7
91
22
85
59
4
10
8
0
2
18
17
865
3
60
19
Social/
behavioral
sciences
Engineering
Non-S&E
551
47
27
10
210
116
141
735
99
27
66
10
5
255
45
228
538
394
56
88
4,326
4,125
81
70
27
92
58
6
81
568
715
48
46
0
369
3
20
0
0
227
322
38
20
282
157
895
201
6
17
13
1
5
54
105
4,180
38
270
3
4,641
26
101
4
1,907
1,119
1,484
1,508
162
650
99
6
0
126
86
379
963
909
38
16
11,873
11,363
344
129
67
463
187
22
275
936
2,169
179
20
118
1,280
20
45
429
693
512
334
219
65
469
683
1,705
510
53
52
53
5
5
32
310
7,448
23
732
21
7,970
117
187
18
3,659
627
3,362
10,411
1,323
2,450
201
311
474
1,789
2,753
1,110
2,228
1,711
101
416
27,245
25,357
506
393
122
494
247
24
304
1,723
7,247
386
410
418
1,769
23
59
1,444
2,163
556
666
446
62
1,814
606
3,475
1,888
144
149
308
4
27
254
1,002
12,774
139
618
47
Appendix table 2-36

S&E field

Colombia
Cuba
Mexico
United States
Uruguay
Oceania
Australia
New Zealand
Female
Asia
Kyrgyzstan
Malaysia (2007)
Mongolia
South Korea
Taiwan
Vietnam
Middle East
Iran (2007)
Iraq (2004)
Israel
Jordan (2007)
Lebanon
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Turkey
Sub-Saharan Africa
Algeria (2007)
Madagascar (2007)
Uganda (2004)
Europe
EU
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy (2007)
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdoma
Other Europe
Armenia
Croatia
Georgia (2007)
All fields
79
285
2,049
30,601
16
3,369
2,969
400
All S&E
62
156
1,049
19,781
12
2,161
1,895
266
8,393
300
274
47
2,763
846
4,163
8,099
824
1,622
730
156
465
1,674
1,021
1,607
3,856
3,255
260
341
51,826
49,357
937
790
319
884
471
76
1,051
4,743
10,789
549
487
554
5,228
82
199
1,341
2,760
2,894
1,603
798
193
3,553
1,626
7,430
2,469
104
217
161
2,510
151
148
23
769
338
1,081
2,372
129
351
407
21
5
608
178
673
2,019
1,753
152
114
22,653
21,598
389
441
156
512
176
44
457
2,867
3,746
210
143
27
2,758
35
114
134
275
1,671
778
322
107
1,714
757
3,765
1,055
35
98
66
Physical/
biological
sciences
Mathematics/
computer
sciences
Agricultural
sciences
Social/
behavioral
sciences
0
36
288
7,022
9
769
638
131
37
0
81
2,262
1
249
207
42
7
29
112
635
0
125
120
5
0
55
314
3,500
0
289
270
19
Engineering
18
36
254
6,362
2
729
660
69
Non-S&E
17
129
1,000
10,820
4
1,208
1,074
134
459
46
56
9
236
112
0
1,100
69
132
241
7
1
370
87
193
840
764
73
3
10,583
10,119
154
244
54
236
0
24
164
1,816
2,309
64
60
0
1,230
8
38
0
0
617
128
85
50
981
247
1,610
464
17
52
43
119
6
41
1
45
26
0
212
7
36
24
2
0
43
47
53
250
221
4
25
1,814
1,617
31
31
9
26
66
1
29
228
226
30
11
0
160
7
4
0
0
179
106
30
5
99
64
275
197
0
6
0
230
5
0
7
52
28
138
162
4
28
10
0
0
0
0
120
83
48
16
19
1,014
968
18
34
16
48
0
2
23
5
137
25
18
0
259
3
18
0
0
43
85
27
5
71
21
110
46
2
5
12
451
60
16
3
101
49
222
486
35
11
96
12
4
152
40
136
425
310
50
65
5,182
4,970
93
77
41
75
56
5
136
480
702
31
44
0
430
9
28
0
0
507
342
57
26
350
146
1,335
212
3
19
4
1,251
34
35
3
335
123
721
412
14
144
36
0
0
43
4
171
421
410
9
2
4,060
3,924
93
55
36
127
54
12
105
338
372
60
10
27
679
8
26
134
275
325
117
123
21
213
279
435
136
13
16
7
5,883
149
126
24
1,994
508
3,082
5,727
695
1,271
323
135
460
1,066
843
934
1,837
1,502
108
227
29,173
27,759
548
349
163
372
295
32
594
1,876
7,043
339
344
527
2,470
47
85
1,207
2,485
1,223
825
476
86
1,839
869
3,665
1,414
69
119
95
Appendix table 2-36

S&E field

Iceland
Macedonia
Norway
Switzerland
America
Argentina (2007)
Canada
Chile
Colombia
Cuba
Mexico
United States
Uruguay
Oceania
Australia
New Zealand
aData
All fields
7
44
552
1,384
35,453
374
2,151
138
23
191
1,449
31,115
12
3,177
2,780
397
All S&E
0
12
267
577
16,002
254
1,326
105
9
105
613
13,578
12
1,626
1,425
201
Physical/
biological
sciences
Mathematics/
computer
sciences
Agricultural
sciences
Social/
behavioral
sciences
0
2
0
350
6,267
148
630
69
0
24
199
5,185
12
720
595
125
0
5
167
19
935
25
78
5
6
0
25
796
0
107
90
17
0
1
13
13
573
11
39
12
0
19
47
445
0
100
95
5
0
2
74
110
6,174
46
420
10
0
38
256
5,404
0
502
459
43
Engineering
0
2
13
85
2,053
24
159
9
3
24
86
1,748
0
197
186
11
Non-S&E
7
32
285
807
19,451
120
825
33
14
86
836
17,537
0
1,551
1,355
196
rounded to nearest 10. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
NOTES: Physical/biological sciences include physical; biological; and earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences. Data for doctoral degrees use International Standard Classification
of Education (ISCED 97), level 6. S&E data do not include health fields.
SOURCES: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD.Stat Extracts, http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx; United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO), Institute for Statistics, special tabulations (2008); JapanGovernment of Japan, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology,
Monbusho Survey of Education (2011); TaiwanMinistry of Education, Educational Statistics of the Republic of China: 2008 (2008); United KingdomHigher Education Statistics
Agency, special tabulations (2011); CanadaStatistics Canada, special tabulations (2010); and United StatesNational Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary
Education Data System, Completions Survey; and National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Integrated Science and Engineering
Resources Data System (WebCASPAR), http://webcaspar.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 2-37

S&E doctoral degrees in the United States and selected European countries, by field: 200008
Country and field
Austria
All S&E
Engineering
France
All S&E
Engineering
Germany
All S&E
Engineering
Italy
All S&E
Engineering
Russiaa
All S&E
Engineering
Spain
All S&E
Engineering
Sweden
All S&E
Engineering
Switzerland
All S&E
Engineering
United Kingdomb
All S&E
2000
1,790
913
321
91
30
131
340
9,903
6,577
3,959
800
22
876
920
25,780
11,306
6,414
964
380
1,106
2,442
3,557
1,731
55
704
163
92
717
27,667
15,745
4,692
NA
805
4,375
5,873
6,007
2,730
1,438
323
144
417
408
3,049
1,848
540
149
65
253
841
2,733
1,223
722
129
40
72
260
11,550
7,180
3,570
660
270
970
2001
1,871
983
353
52
37
141
400
10,404
6,890
4,160
829
23
922
956
24,796
10,694
5,888
943
371
1,159
2,333
4,044
2,100
821
0
350
121
808
22,638
12,035
3,473
NA
716
3,884
3,962
6,453
2,937
1,534
308
121
436
538
3,388
1,960
604
142
59
244
911
2,745
1,241
650
145
50
74
322
14,120
8,520
4,310
770
270
1,170
2002
2,125
1,049
398
100
46
160
345
10,404
6,890
4,160
828
23
922
957
23,838
10,016
5,398
882
334
1,031
2,371
3,977
1,958
818
0
342
60
738
26,387
13,991
4,169
NA
858
4,208
4,756
6,905
3,162
1,686
383
141
477
475
3,517
2,099
638
162
85
287
927
2,800
1,284
676
148
38
100
322
14,210
8,520
4,380
760
340
1,180
2003
2,197
995
332
108
38
195
322
8,420
5,585
3,366
676
18
746
779
23,043
9,751
5,113
975
363
1,087
2,213
4,456
2,674
1,109
198
220
294
853
28,361
15,722
4,012
NA
745
6,103
4,862
7,479
3,446
1,701
430
179
591
545
3,558
2,163
653
217
42
294
957
2,742
1,184
653
98
39
117
277
14,870
8,810
3,780
750
300
1,970
2004
2,443
1,107
326
118
42
224
397
8,420
5,585
3,366
676
18
746
779
23,138
9,554
5,107
918
418
1,004
2,107
6,351
3,834
1,650
281
276
450
1,177
29,850
16,003
4,442
NA
893
5,910
4,758
8,168
3,672
1,856
393
186
634
603
3,834
2,385
689
255
49
296
1,096
2,952
1,282
697
94
32
140
319
15,260
9,150
3,960
880
320
1,950
2005
2,228
1,129
384
108
40
192
405
9,578
6,464
3,677
756
35
1,055
941
25,952
10,866
5,697
994
438
1,392
2,345
8,466
4,966
1,999
338
387
703
1,539
34,300
18,237
4,563
NA
900
6,771
6,003
6,902
3,303
1,646
316
171
542
628
2,778
1,468
461
121
49
211
626
3,303
1,527
852
127
31
177
340
15,780
9,390
4,040
960
310
2,070
2006
2,158
1,135
370
106
31
195
433
9,818
6,770
3,903
886
26
932
1,023
24,946
10,243
5,281
1,074
376
1,325
2,187
9,604
5,613
2,155
380
421
830
1,827
34,613
18,587
4,975
NA
880
7,186
5,546
7,159
3,430
1,867
336
143
553
531
3,781
2,331
593
262
59
278
1,139
3,381
1,684
948
135
28
197
376
16,516
9,761
3,977
1,162
315
2,102
2007
2,085
1,088
309
120
40
185
434
10,650
7,285
4,183
948
13
969
1,172
24,439
10,469
5,478
1,053
404
1,297
2,237
10,188
5,949
2,243
437
511
799
1,959
34,494
19,725
4,829
NA
812
8,052
6,032
7,150
3,633
1,842
332
131
675
653
3,904
2,268
656
266
53
281
1,012
3,428
1,700
915
150
22
196
417
17,545
10,310
4,140
1,190
250
2,330
2008
2,205
1,151
350
140
50
174
437
11,309
7,710
4,398
972
18
1,048
1,274
25,604
11,314
5,791
1,163
402
1,417
2,541
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
27,719
14,915
3,538
NA
618
6,857
3,902
7,302
3,649
1,846
327
162
632
682
3,625
2,150
600
242
43
303
962
3,426
1,617
864
113
30
215
395
16,610
9,470
3,750
1,155
195
2,230
Appendix table 2-37

S&E doctoral degrees in the United States and selected European countries, by field: 200008
Country and field
Engineering
United States
All S&E
Engineering
2000
1,710
44,947
25,423
9,015
1,858
984
8,182
5,384
2001
2,010
45,068
25,453
8,738
1,769
934
8,451
5,561
2002
1,860
44,311
24,254
8,405
1,677
969
8,007
5,196
2003
2,020
46,177
25,425
9,134
1,825
1,060
8,124
5,282
2004
2,040
48,560
26,573
9,376
1,975
1,016
8,275
5,931
2005
2,020
52,855
28,561
10,117
2,301
1,004
8,591
6,548
2006
2,204
56,309
30,452
10,724
2,713
1,037
8,576
7,402
2007
2,400
60,887
32,588
11,639
2,953
1,068
8,862
8,066
2008
2,140
61,716
33,359
12,207
3,058
1,080
8,904
8,110
NA = not available
aPhysical/biological sciences
bData
includes mathematics.
rounded to nearest 5.
NOTES: Physical/biological sciences include physical; biological; and earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences. Data for doctoral degrees use International Standard
Classification of Education (ISCED 97), level 6. S&E data do not include health fields.
SOURCES: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD.Stat Extracts, http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx; United KingdomHigher Education Statistics
Agency, special tabulations (various years) (2011); United StatesNational Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, Completions
Survey; and National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources Data System (WebCASPAR),
Appendix table 2-38

S&E doctoral degrees, by selected Asian country/economy and field: 19942008
China
All S&E
Engineering
India
All S&E
Engineering
Japana
All S&E
Engineering
South Korea
All S&E
Engineering
Taiwan
All S&E
Engineering
1994
3,590
2,741
918
139
125
170
1,389
9,923
4,679
3,467
NA
883
NA
329
12,160
4,877
1,132
NA
894
241
2,610
3,999
1,650
296
145
196
227
786
808
592
115
49
60
56
312
1995
4,364
3,417
1,191
187
182
198
1,659
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
12,645
5,205
1,182
NA
956
276
2,791
4,462
1,920
358
169
223
232
938
848
650
115
55
63
44
373
1996
4,950
4,428
1,479
264
256
234
2,195
10,397
5,153
3,861
NA
918
NA
374
13,820
6,006
1,243
NA
1,108
358
3,297
4,723
2,046
391
178
199
236
1,042
1,053
783
154
63
65
66
435
1997
6,793
5,308
1,678
334
328
325
2,643
10,408
4,916
3,498
NA
1,120
NA
298
13,921
6,157
1,315
NA
1,043
388
3,411
4,999
2,189
427
187
178
240
1,157
1,187
839
163
88
79
76
433
1998
8,518
6,358
2,246
350
416
446
2,900
11,066
5,609
3,894
NA
971
NA
744
14,800
6,575
1,481
NA
1,094
420
3,580
4,999
2,316
421
187
190
160
1,358
1,282
907
172
93
78
87
477
1999
10,160
6,778
2,135
417
444
513
3,269
10,951
5,418
3,836
NA
886
NA
696
15,470
7,082
1,542
NA
1,100
506
3,934
5,586
2,607
438
188
230
168
1,583
1,307
901
159
119
76
65
482
2000
11,383
7,766
2,306
NA
462
514
4,484
11,296
5,541
3,885
NA
933
NA
723
15,357
7,089
1,579
NA
1,147
563
3,800
6,143
2,865
614
247
242
108
1,654
1,455
970
143
106
87
108
526
2001
12,465
8,153
2,655
NA
536
621
4,341
11,544
5,504
3,727
NA
999
NA
778
16,078
7,401
1,586
NA
1,241
610
3,964
6,208
2,956
581
282
260
195
1,638
1,463
970
144
107
90
108
521
2002
14,638
9,523
2,808
NA
626
837
5,252
11,974
5,637
3,955
NA
948
NA
734
16,183
7,461
1,602
NA
1,248
656
3,955
6,690
3,225
590
258
288
190
1,899
1,501
966
166
107
93
72
528
2003
18,806
12,238
3,705
NA
756
1,204
6,573
13,733
6,471
4,497
NA
1,195
NA
779
16,314
7,581
1,651
NA
1,258
751
3,921
7,172
3,192
711
222
169
222
1,868
1,759
1,167
202
127
93
89
656
2004
23,446
14,858
4,518
NA
977
1,309
8,054
17,853
7,636
5,612
NA
1,142
NA
882
16,909
7,912
1,679
NA
1,348
808
4,077
7,946
3,531
788
232
203
268
2,040
1,964
1,291
206
136
116
111
722
2005
27,677
17,595
5,458
NA
1,093
1,617
9,427
17,898
7,537
5,549
NA
1,020
NA
968
16,851
7,658
1,543
NA
1,257
943
3,915
8,449
3,653
737
148
228
267
2,273
2,165
1,385
270
166
83
108
758
2006
36,247
22,953
7,241
NA
1,544
2,038
12,130
18,730
7,982
5,625
NA
1,299
NA
1,058
17,396
8,122
1,633
NA
1,321
973
4,195
8,657
3,779
817
173
214
308
2,267
2,614
1,643
319
182
92
111
939
2007
41,464
26,582
8,051
NA
1,903
2,149
14,479
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
17,291
8,017
1,686
NA
1,233
1,025
4,073
9,082
3,649
744
128
212
316
2,249
2,850
1,905
371
87
72
157
1,219
2008
43,759
28,439
8,953
NA
1,936
2,274
15,276
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9,369
3,716
798
156
209
311
2,242
3,140
2,005
413
108
77
165
1,242
NA = not available
aJapanese data include thesis doctorates, called ronbun hakase, earned by employees in industry. In Japanese higher education data, mathematics are included in natural sciences and computer sciences are included in
engineering.
NOTES: Physical/biological sciences include physical; biological; and earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences. Data for doctoral degrees use International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED 97), level 6. S&E data do
not include health fields.
SOURCES: ChinaNational Research Center for Science and Technology for Development and Education Statistics Yearbook of China (various years); IndiaDepartment of Science and Technology; JapanGovernment of
Japan, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Higher Education Bureau; South KoreaOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD.Stat Extracts, http://stats.oecd.org; and
TaiwanMinistry of Education, Educational Statistics of the Republic of China (annual series).
Appendix table 2-39

Trends in population ages 2024 years, by selected country and region: 200050
(Thousands)
Year
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
Western
Europe
Eastern
Europe
10,758
11,407
11,517
10,811
10,477
10,379
10,039
9,739
9,760
9,722
9,625
23,433
24,439
23,673
17,376
13,853
13,948
15,064
15,340
14,487
13,036
11,903
Africa
76,003
87,811
99,077
107,502
117,411
130,412
144,677
155,532
162,305
166,900
170,995
South
America
United
States
32,216
34,427
34,686
34,502
35,257
35,122
33,271
31,771
30,812
29,704
28,629
19,665
21,229
22,466
23,346
22,789
23,299
24,256
24,263
24,308
24,175
24,101
Oceania
2,282
2,522
2,690
2,863
2,949
3,006
3,139
3,223
3,283
3,346
3,380
China
95,038
101,387
122,546
105,602
93,806
86,138
86,651
90,604
88,716
81,012
74,919
Japan
8,479
7,539
6,596
6,083
5,968
5,732
5,290
4,829
4,458
4,279
4,202
South
Korea
3,860
3,727
3,129
3,445
3,146
2,420
2,249
2,193
2,112
2,057
1,973
India
95,897
104,821
112,734
120,096
121,425
122,814
121,276
119,992
116,606
111,511
105,214
SOURCES: United Nations Secretariat, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision,
http://esa.un.org/unpp, accessed 21 March 2011.
Russia
11,002
12,257
12,120
8,152
6,465
7,005
7,597
7,782
7,306
6,517
5,954
Appendix table 2-40

Foreign S&E student enrollment in UK universities, by enrollment level, place of origin, and field: Academic years 199899 and 200809
Academic year, enrollment level, and
place of origin
199899
All undergraduates
All foreign
Greece
Malaysia
France
Ireland
Germany
Singapore
United States
Hong Kong
Spain
Italy
Other
Foreign (%)
All graduates
All foreign
Greece
Germany
France
China
United States
Ireland
Malaysia
Italy
Hong Kong
Japan
Other
Foreign (%)
200809
All undergraduates
All foreign
China
Malaysia
France
Hong Kong
Germany
India
Nigeria
Greece
Ireland
United States
Other
Foreign (%)
All graduates
All foreign
India
China
Nigeria
Greece
United States
Pakistan
Germany
France
Malaysia
All S&E fields
Physical/biological/
agricultural sciences
Mathematics/
computer sciences
Social/behavioral
sciences
Engineering
419,530
48,870
10,640
4,210
3,580
3,490
2,630
2,540
1,970
1,720
1,600
1,060
15,440
11.6
116,450
36,630
4,280
1,830
1,730
1,490
1,460
1,400
1,330
1,280
990
930
19,930
31.5
149,640
11,260
2,040
170
1,050
1,720
840
190
650
280
490
300
3,550
7.5
40,560
9,950
1,090
570
610
330
380
590
240
420
140
150
5,450
24.5
85,900
6,650
1,470
450
370
430
250
290
120
460
180
110
2,540
7.7
19,400
4,750
640
230
140
280
110
260
230
110
120
40
2,610
24.5
84,090
10,150
1,880
320
580
350
830
290
1,080
290
340
370
3,810
12.1
27,680
11,100
820
530
280
200
810
260
180
570
430
650
6,380
40.1
99,900
20,810
5,260
3,270
1,580
990
720
1,770
130
700
580
280
5,540
20.8
28,810
10,820
1,730
510
710
680
160
290
680
180
300
90
5,490
37.6
558,880
65,190
7,990
3,320
2,980
2,730
2,590
2,560
2,420
2,400
2,220
2,190
33,830
11.7
170,200
80,690
13,260
8,940
4,140
3,500
3,160
3,110
2,930
2,390
2,220
167,880
11,030
680
460
590
530
620
290
240
310
680
710
5,950
6.6
43,170
16,140
1,840
1,150
700
610
650
410
860
700
450
105,610
12,540
2,400
470
500
520
360
510
650
390
160
150
6,470
11.9
29,810
17,640
5,450
1,960
1,010
690
240
1,040
470
270
380
176,270
18,520
1,910
440
750
970
1,040
320
470
520
520
1,210
10,390
10.5
52,550
20,460
810
2,130
570
970
1,960
360
1,010
440
210
109,120
23,110
3,000
1,970
1,150
720
580
1,450
1,070
1,190
870
120
11,020
21.2
44,670
26,450
5,170
3,700
1,870
1,240
310
1,310
600
990
1,200
Appendix table 2-40

Foreign S&E student enrollment in UK universities, by enrollment level, place of origin, and field: Academic years 199899 and 200809
Academic year, enrollment level, and
place of origin
Ireland
Other
Foreign (%)
All S&E fields

2,040
35,010
47.4
Physical/biological/
agricultural sciences
Mathematics/
computer sciences
Social/behavioral
sciences
620
8,170
37.4
160
5,990
59.2
690
11,340
38.9
Engineering
570
9,520
59.2
UK = United Kingdom
NOTES: Academic year 1999 is enrollment between 1 August 1998 and 31 July 1999. Academic year 2009 is enrollment between 1 August 2008 and 31 July 2009.
Data rounded to nearest 10. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Percentages based on unrounded data. Physical sciences include earth, atmospheric,
and ocean sciences.
SOURCE: Higher Education Statistics Agency, special tabulations (2011).
Appendix table 2-41

Foreign S&E student enrollment in Japanese universities, by enrollment level, place of origin, and field: 2004 and 2010
Year, enrollment level, and place
of origin
2004
All undergraduates
Foreign
China
South Korea
Malaysia
Vietnam
Indonesia
Thailand
Mongolia
Sri Lanka
United Kingdom
United States
Other
Foreign (%)
All graduates
Masters
Doctorate
Foreign
China
South Korea
Indonesia
Thailand
Bangladesh
Vietnam
Malaysia
Philippines
Myanmar
Sri Lanka
Other
Foreign (%)
2010
All undergraduates
Foreign
China
South Korea
Vietnam
Malaysia
Thailand
Mongolia
Nepal
Indonesia
Burma
Brazil
Other
Foreign (%)
All graduates
Masters
Doctorate
Foreign
China
South Korea
Indonesia
Vietnam
Thailand
Bangladesh
Malaysia
Mongolia
India
All S&E
Physical/biological
sciences
S&E field
Agricultural
sciences
Social/behavioral
sciences
Engineering
Non-S&E
1,557,939
39,914
29,192
7,018
1,142
424
233
226
160
146
78
76
1,219
2.6
140,822
109,062
31,760
16,784
8,981
2,095
655
604
505
480
288
241
170
159
2,606
11.9
87,398
595
324
185
15
6
3
3
1
1
1
7
49
0.7
20,298
13,954
6,344
916
336
110
66
24
63
14
15
34
10
13
231
4.5
69,672
540
318
122
15
10
14
12
9
2
0
0
38
0.8
12,691
8,337
4,354
2,164
833
220
157
152
134
94
25
60
46
37
406
17.1
961,762
32,916
25,470
5,403
198
242
152
179
133
101
73
65
900
3.4
29,014
21,536
7,478
7,383
4,979
803
104
128
79
175
74
74
51
37
879
25.4
439,107
5,863
3,080
1,308
914
166
64
32
17
42
4
4
232
1.3
78,819
65,235
13,584
6,321
2,833
962
328
300
229
197
174
73
63
72
1,090
8.0
947,984
18,050
11,980
4,911
97
115
65
62
53
25
59
157
526
1.9
95,336
53,650
41,686
9,702
5,500
1,901
141
237
208
124
74
80
58
45
1,334
10.2
1,450,419
46,423
31,862
8,665
1,302
1,217
523
397
310
303
260
144
1,440
3.2
145,136
115,270
29,866
23,117
13,061
2,304
960
823
749
562
494
250
239
81,425
682
381
189
21
31
8
4
2
8
2
2
34
0.8
19,375
14,255
5,120
1,477
695
128
90
51
47
71
29
24
44
75,816
555
281
112
25
16
28
11
8
19
3
9
43
0.7
13,534
9,634
3,900
2,160
920
161
142
97
144
138
24
31
26
892,545
37,561
27,084
7,076
807
177
363
315
261
201
231
92
954
4.2
26,302
19,278
7,024
10,188
6,923
916
246
222
179
102
69
128
54
400,633
7,625
4,116
1,288
449
993
124
67
39
75
24
41
409
1.9
85,925
72,103
13,822
9,292
4,523
1,099
482
453
379
251
372
67
115
1,108,772
33,322
17,976
7,881
464
201
399
131
161
228
169
214
5,498
3.0
103,127
58,561
44,566
17,668
10,556
2,203
456
384
364
283
156
179
119
Appendix table 2-41

Foreign S&E student enrollment in Japanese universities, by enrollment level, place of origin, and field: 2004 and 2010
Year, enrollment level, and place
of origin
Nepal
Other
Foreign (%)
All S&E
217
3,458
15.9
Physical/biological
sciences
S&E field
Agricultural
sciences
Social/behavioral
sciences
31
267
7.6
34
443
16.0
74
1,275
38.7
Engineering
78
1,473
10.8
Non-S&E
110
2,858
17.1
NOTES: Data for students of non-Japanese citizenship, including permanent residents. Undergraduates include 4-year colleges and universities.
Engineering includes computer sciences. Physical sciences include earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences and mathematics. Social/behavioral sciences
include business and law. Enrollment is as of May of the reference year.
SOURCE: Government of Japan, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Monbusho Survey of Education, special tabulations
(2011).
Appendix table 2-42

S&E student enrollment in Canadian universities, by enrollment level, top place of origin, and field: 1999 and 2008
Year, enrollment level, and place of
origin
1999
Undergraduates
Foreign
United States
Hong Kong
France
China
Malaysia
Morocco
Pakistan
Taiwan
Japan
South Korea
Other
Foreign (%)
Graduates
Foreign
United States
France
China
India
Mexico
Morocco
Iran
Japan
Germany
Tunisia
Other
Foreign (%)
2008
Undergraduates
Foreign
China
United States
France
Morocco
South Korea
India
Hong Kong
Algeria
Trinidad and Tobago
Romania
Other
Foreign (%)
Graduates
Foreign
China
France
Iran
United States
India
Morocco
Algeria
Tunisia
Romania
All S&E fields
Physical/
biological
sciences
Mathematics/
computer
sciences
Agricultural
sciences
Social/
behavioral
sciences
Engineering
278,750
10,250
1,820
820
560
540
350
310
290
290
280
220
4,760
3.7
47,240
6,390
890
820
790
230
200
180
170
120
120
120
2,760
13.5
62,430
1,810
510
90
100
60
40
10
40
40
50
60
810
2.9
11,880
1,510
280
280
140
30
40
40
40
20
40
10
590
12.7
35,540
2,190
190
230
80
240
60
80
130
80
40
50
1,010
6.2
4,680
750
80
30
160
30
30
40
20
10
20
20
320
16.0
12,580
280
50
20
20
10
20
20
0
0
20
0
130
2.2
3,400
470
70
40
20
20
20
10
20
10
10
0
250
13.8
114,470
3,400
820
260
230
130
40
50
50
100
150
70
1,490
3.0
15,560
1,690
270
240
130
40
40
30
20
60
40
30
770
10.9
53,720
2,570
260
220
140
100
190
170
70
60
20
40
1,310
4.8
11,720
1,980
190
230
330
110
70
70
80
20
20
50
820
16.9
329,730
24,340
3,730
2,390
1,840
1,090
940
740
530
470
220
330
12,070
7.4
69,220
15,130
2,270
1,580
1,420
1,010
760
460
440
420
380
72,880
3,980
550
470
220
60
320
120
110
90
50
50
1,920
5.5
17,590
3,310
480
490
170
290
170
40
70
60
70
23,420
2,960
740
140
120
120
110
150
80
60
20
50
1,370
12.6
6,940
2,040
490
70
190
130
90
90
110
90
60
11,250
570
110
130
50
10
10
0
20
0
10
10
230
5.1
4,280
850
100
130
20
70
40
20
30
10
10
155,560
9,030
1,330
1,240
960
250
320
120
220
150
80
140
4,220
5.8
22,530
3,150
330
500
50
370
40
50
60
70
40
66,630
7,810
1,000
410
490
650
170
350
100
160
60
90
4,330
11.7
17,890
5,790
870
390
990
140
420
270
170
200
200
Appendix table 2-42

S&E student enrollment in Canadian universities, by enrollment level, top place of origin, and field: 1999 and 2008
Year, enrollment level, and place of
origin
Mexico
Other
Foreign (%)
All S&E fields

350
6,060
21.9
Physical/
biological
sciences
Mathematics/
computer
sciences
Agricultural
sciences
Social/
behavioral
sciences
60
1,420
18.8
30
700
29.4
10
410
19.8
30
1,620
14.0
Engineering
220
1,910
32.3
NOTES: Enrollment is as of October 31 of the reference year. Data rounded to nearest 10. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
Physical sciences include earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences. Engineering includes architecture. Social/behavioral sciences include law.
SOURCE: Statistics Canada, Center for Education Statistics, special tabulations (2011).
Appendix table 3-1

Bureau of Labor Statistics projections of occupational employment: 200818
(Thousands)
Occupation
Total, all occupations
All S&E
Computer and mathematical scientists
Computer and information scientists, research
Computer software engineers
Computer support specialists
Computer systems analysts
Database administrators
Network and computer systems administrators
Network systems and data communications analysts
All other computer specialists
Mathematicians
Operations research analysts
Statisticians
Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations
Mathematical scientists, all other
Engineers
Aerospace engineers
Agricultural engineers
Biomedical engineers
Chemical engineers
Civil engineers
Computer hardware engineers
Electrical and electronics engineers
Electrical engineers
Electronics engineers, except computer
Environmental engineers
Industrial engineers, including health and safety
Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors
Industrial engineers
Marine engineers and naval architects
Materials engineers
Mechanical engineers
Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers
Nuclear engineers
Petroleum engineers
All other engineers
Life scientists
Agricultural and food scientists
Animal scientists
Food scientists and technologists
Soil and plant scientists
Biological scientists
Biochemists and biophysicists
Microbiologists
Zoologists and wildlife biologists
Biological scientists, all other
Conservation scientists and foresters
Conservation scientists
Foresters
Medical scientists
Epidemiologists
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists
All other life scientists
Physical scientists
Astronomers and physicists
Astronomers
Physicists
BLS National
Employment
Matrix 2008
estimate
BLS
projected 2018
employment
Job openings from

growth and net
replacements,
200818
10-year
growth in total
employment (%)
10-year job
openings as %
of 2008
employment
150,932
5,571
3,101
29
910
566
532
120
340
292
209
3
63
23
8
7
1,572
72
3
16
32
278
75
302
158
144
54
240
26
215
9
24
239
7
17
22
183
279
31
4
13
14
91
23
17
20
32
30
18
12
114
5
109
13
276
17
2
16
166,206
6,717
3,895
36
1,205
644
640
145
418
448
237
4
77
26
9
8
1,750
79
3
28
31
346
78
305
161
144
71
274
28
245
9
27
253
8
19
26
195
354
36
4
16
16
111
32
19
22
38
33
21
13
159
6
154
15
317
20
2
18
50,929
2,321
1,353
13
372
235
223
44
136
208
73
2
32
10
4
3
531
22
1
15
8
115
24
72
39
33
28
95
9
85
2
8
76
3
5
9
50
144
16
2
7
7
49
16
8
9
16
7
4
3
68
2
66
5
123
8
1
7
10.1
20.6
25.6
24.2
32.5
13.8
20.3
20.3
23.2
53.4
13.1
24.1
22.1
12.8
16.7
18.2
11.3
10.3
11.1
72.5
-1.9
24.3
3.7
1.0
1.7
0.3
30.6
13.8
10.1
14.2
5.9
9.4
6.0
15.5
11.2
18.3
6.7
26.7
15.5
13.5
16.4
15.8
21.0
37.5
12.4
12.8
18.6
12.1
12.0
12.2
39.3
14.6
40.4
16.0
15.1
15.8
13.3
16.0
33.7
41.7
43.6
45.7
40.9
41.5
41.9
36.9
39.9
71.3
34.7
51.7
51.1
42.5
46.2
47.0
33.8
31.1
33.3
93.1
24.6
41.2
31.5
24.0
24.7
23.2
51.4
39.4
35.8
39.8
27.1
33.2
31.7
36.6
32.0
39.3
27.4
51.4
50.6
48.6
51.5
50.4
53.1
69.8
44.4
45.1
50.8
22.8
22.4
22.6
59.5
35.4
60.5
36.6
44.6
44.4
46.7
44.2
Appendix table 3-1

(Thousands)
Occupation
Atmospheric and space scientists
Chemists and materials scientists
Chemists
Materials scientists
Environmental scientists and geoscientists
Environmental scientists and specialists, including health
Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers
Hydrologists
All other physical scientists
Social and related scientists
Economists
Survey researchers
Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists
Industrial-organizational psychologists
Psychologists, all other
Sociologists
Urban and regional planners
Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers
Anthropologists and archeologists
Geographers
Political scientists
Social scientists and related workers, all other
Selected other occupations
Science and engineering managers
Computer and information systems managers
Engineering managers
Natural sciences managers
Science and engineering technicians
Agricultural and food science technicians
Biological technicians
Chemical technicians
Geological and petroleum technicians
Nuclear technicians
Social science research assistants
Other life, physical, and social science technicians
Aerospace engineering and operations technicians
Civil engineering technicians
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians
Electro-mechanical technicians
Environmental engineering technicians
Industrial engineering technicians
Mechanical engineering technicians
Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other
Mathematical technicians
Postsecondary teachers
Healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners
Chiropractors
Dentists
Dentists, general
Oral and maxillofacial surgeons
Orthodontists
Prosthodontists
Dentists, all other specialists
Dietitians and nutritionists
Optometrists
Pharmacists
Physicians and surgeons
BLS National
Employment
Matrix 2008
estimate
BLS
projected 2018
employment
Job openings from

growth and net
replacements,
200818
10-year
growth in total
employment (%)
10-year job
openings as %
of 2008
employment
9
94
84
10
128
86
34
8
27
343
15
23
152
2
16
5
38
48
6
1
4
33
11
97
86
11
159
110
39
10
30
400
16
31
169
3
18
6
46
59
7
2
5
40
3
34
30
4
68
48
15
4
10
170
5
13
60
1
7
2
15
35
5
1
3
24
14.9
3.5
2.5
12.4
24.5
27.8
17.6
18.5
10.9
16.5
6.2
30.3
11.1
26.1
14.5
22.4
19.0
22.1
27.6
23.1
19.5
22.6
35.1
36.6
35.6
45.4
53.0
56.3
45.8
46.9
36.9
49.4
34.2
57.3
39.4
56.5
42.8
40.8
38.3
72.2
77.6
76.9
68.3
72.6
522
293
184
45
855
22
80
66
15
6
21
147
9
92
164
16
21
73
46
77
1
1,699
7,491
4,630
49
142
120
7
8
1
7
60
35
270
661
589
343
195
52
925
24
94
66
15
7
25
171
9
107
160
16
28
77
46
81
1
1,956
9,091
5,646
59
164
139
8
9
1
8
66
43
316
806
166
97
49
20
298
10
42
13
6
3
13
87
2
33
31
3
10
19
9
19
1
553
3,139
1,866
18
62
52
3
4
0
3
26
20
106
261
13.0
16.9
6.1
15.5
8.2
8.7
17.6
-0.8
1.3
9.4
17.6
16.5
2.3
16.9
-2.2
-4.9
30.2
6.6
-1.5
5.2
8.3
15.1
21.4
21.9
19.6
15.6
15.3
14.9
19.5
20.0
14.5
9.3
24.4
17.0
21.8
31.8
33.1
26.5
45.1
34.9
43.8
52.7
20.1
36.2
43.8
60.5
59.5
20.7
35.8
18.9
18.9
49.1
25.5
18.9
24.2
41.7
32.5
41.9
40.3
37.1
43.3
43.1
43.3
46.8
60.0
42.0
42.6
57.8
39.2
39.4
Appendix table 3-1

(Thousands)
Occupation
Physician assistants
Podiatrists
Registered nurses
Therapists
Audiologists
Occupational therapists
Physical therapists
Radiation therapists
Recreational therapists
Respiratory therapists
Speech-language pathologists
Therapists, all other
Veterinarians
Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other
Health technologists and technicians
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists
Medical and clinical laboratory technicians
Dental hygienists
Diagnostic related technologists and technicians
Cardiovascular technologists and technicians
Diagnostic medical sonographers
Nuclear medicine technologists
Radiologic technologists and technicians
Emergency medical technicians and paramedics
Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians
Dietetic technicians
Pharmacy technicians
Psychiatric technicians
Respiratory therapy technicians
Surgical technologists
Veterinary technologists and technicians
Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses
Medical records and health information technicians
Opticians, dispensing
Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians
Orthotists and prosthetists
Healthcare technologists and technicians, all other
Other healthcare practitioners and technical occupations
Occupational health and safety specialists
Occupational health and safety technicians
Athletic trainers
Healthcare practitioners and technical workers, all other
Lawyers
Postsecondary teachers
Computer programmers
BLS National
Employment
Matrix 2008
estimate
BLS
projected 2018
employment
Job openings from

growth and net
replacements,
200818
10-year
growth in total
employment (%)
10-year job
openings as %
of 2008
employment
75
12
2,619
599
13
105
186
15
23
106
119
32
60
49
2,719
328
172
156
174
336
50
50
22
215
211
596
25
326
57
17
92
80
754
173
60
88
6
82
142
56
11
16
59
759
1,699
427
104
13
3,200
740
16
131
242
19
27
128
141
36
79
55
3,280
374
193
181
237
398
61
60
25
252
230
753
29
426
60
16
115
108
909
208
68
104
7
97
165
62
13
22
68
858
1,956
414
43
3
1,039
244
6
46
79
7
12
41
44
10
30
15
1,202
108
53
55
98
110
19
17
7
68
62
308
10
182
17
4
46
49
391
70
20
34
2
32
71
25
5
12
29
240
553
80
39.0
9.0
22.2
23.7
25.0
25.7
30.3
27.0
14.6
20.9
18.5
11.5
33.0
13.1
20.6
13.9
11.9
16.1
36.1
18.4
24.0
18.3
16.5
17.2
9.0
26.4
13.9
30.6
4.2
-1.2
25.4
35.8
20.7
20.4
13.4
18.5
15.3
18.7
16.4
11.1
14.7
36.8
15.9
13.0
15.1
-2.9
57.2
26.2
39.7
40.8
45.3
43.8
42.4
45.4
49.8
39.1
36.7
31.7
50.6
31.2
44.2
32.9
30.9
35.1
56.5
32.8
38.6
32.8
30.7
31.7
29.4
51.6
39.3
55.8
29.4
25.5
50.6
60.9
51.9
40.8
33.8
38.9
35.6
39.1
49.8
44.6
47.7
70.6
49.3
31.7
32.5
18.8
BLS = Bureau of Labor Statistics

NOTES: Estimates of current and projected employment for 200818 period from BLS's National Employment Matrix. Data in matrix from Occupational Employment Statistics (OES)
survey and Current Population Survey (CPS). Together, these sources cover paid workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family workers in all industries, agriculture, and
private households. Because derived from multiple sources, data can often differ from employment data provided by OES, CPS, or other employment surveys alone. BLS does not
make projections for S&E occupations as a group; numbers in table based on sum of BLS projections in occupations that National Science Foundation considers S&E.
SOURCE: BLS, Office of Occupational Statistics and Employment Projections, National Industry-Occupation Employment Projections, 200818 (2009).
Appendix table 3-2

Scientists and engineers, by occupation and degree field: 2008
Highest degree in S&E
Occupation
All occupations
Science and engineering occupations
Computer and information scientists
Computer system analysts
Other computer and information science occupations
Computer engineerssoftware
Mathematical scientists
Mathematicians
Operations research analysts, including modeling
Statisticians
Other mathematical scientists
Postsecondary teacherscomputer and math sciences
Postsecondary teacherscomputer science
Postsecondary teachersmathematics and statistics
Biological, agricultural, and other life scientists
Biological and medical scientists
Biological scientists (e.g., botanists, ecologists, zoologists)
Medical scientists (excluding practitioners)
Other biological, agricultural or life scientists
Forestry and conservation scientists
Postsecondary teacherslife and related sciences
Postsecondary teachersagriculture
Postsecondary teachersbiological sciences
Postsecondary teachersother natural sciences
Physical and related scientists
Chemists, except biochemists
Earth scientists, geologists, and oceanographers
Geologists, including earth scientists
Oceanographers
Physicists and astronomers
All employed
scientists and Any degree in
engineers
S&E
19,244,000
4,874,000
1,970,000
1,778,000
45,000
193,000
434,000
100,000
178,000
88,000
145,000
594,000
107,000
6,000
57,000
39,000
6,000
84,000
22,000
62,000
498,000
62,000
331,000
45,000
128,000
124,000
34,000
35,000
70,000
8,000
59,000
3,000
322,000
129,000
78,000
15,000
59,000
4,000
27,000
14,145,000
4,275,000
1,577,000
1,410,000
38,000
123,000
313,000
80,000
134,000
69,000
102,000
550,000
94,000
6,000
50,000
33,000
4,000
73,000
18,000
55,000
455,000
58,000
304,000
45,000
120,000
107,000
32,000
29,000
64,000
6,000
55,000
3,000
308,000
124,000
76,000
14,000
58,000
3,000
27,000
All S&E
Computer/
mathematical
sciences
Biological/
agricultural/
environmental
life sciences
Physical
sciences
Social
sciences
Engineering
S&E-related
fields
Non-S&E
fields
10,216,000
3,881,000
1,429,000
1,286,000
35,000
110,000
282,000
72,000
120,000
63,000
89,000
514,000
77,000
6,000
41,000
27,000
4,000
66,000
16,000
50,000
412,000
55,000
272,000
44,000
114,000
84,000
30,000
27,000
58,000
5,000
52,000
2,000
296,000
119,000
73,000
14,000
56,000
3,000
26,000
1,651,000
928,000
872,000
779,000
23,000
58,000
199,000
43,000
74,000
37,000
47,000
298,000
37,000
5,000
15,000
16,000
1,000
56,000
13,000
43,000
2,000
S
1,000
S
S
<500
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
1,000
1,569,000
478,000
51,000
40,000
2,000
8,000
9,000
7,000
4,000
2,000
4,000
6,000
9,000
S
6,000
3,000
S
2,000
1,000
1,000
348,000
47,000
225,000
33,000
104,000
64,000
23,000
22,000
54,000
4,000
48,000
2,000
40,000
16,000
5,000
<500
4,000
<500
S
665,000
361,000
53,000
46,000
2,000
5,000
9,000
4,000
5,000
2,000
6,000
12,000
5,000
<500
3,000
2,000
S
2,000
1,000
2,000
28,000
1,000
23,000
8,000
5,000
7,000
2,000
3,000
2,000
S
1,000
<500
226,000
95,000
59,000
11,000
45,000
3,000
22,000
3,878,000
539,000
138,000
119,000
2,000
20,000
25,000
10,000
15,000
10,000
20,000
18,000
17,000
S
10,000
5,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
23,000
5,000
14,000
S
3,000
9,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
2,000
S
8,000
S
4,000
<500
3,000
S
S
2,453,000
1,575,000
316,000
302,000
5,000
19,000
41,000
9,000
23,000
13,000
13,000
180,000
9,000
S
7,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
2,000
3,000
11,000
1,000
9,000
2,000
2,000
4,000
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
20,000
6,000
5,000
1,000
3,000
<500
3,000
4,727,000
276,000
124,000
104,000
2,000
17,000
33,000
5,000
11,000
2,000
7,000
28,000
10,000
S
3,000
7,000
S
10,000
2,000
8,000
52,000
1,000
45,000
1,000
5,000
36,000
3,000
S
6,000
S
5,000
S
7,000
2,000
1,000
S
S
S
1,000
4,302,000
717,000
416,000
388,000
8,000
67,000
119,000
23,000
46,000
23,000
50,000
52,000
21,000
S
13,000
6,000
S
8,000
3,000
4,000
34,000
6,000
14,000
S
9,000
4,000
2,000
8,000
6,000
3,000
2,000
S
19,000
8,000
3,000
1,000
3,000
S
S
Appendix table 3-2

Occupation
Astronomers
Physicists
Other physical scientists
Postsecondary teachersphysical and related sciences
Postsecondary teacherschemistry
Postsecondary teachersearth, environmental,
and marine sciences
Postsecondary teachersphysics
Economists
Psychologists, including clinical
Sociologists and anthropologists
Anthropologists
Sociologists
Other social scientists
Postsecondary teacherssocial and related sciences
Postsecondary teacherseconomics
Postsecondary teacherspolitical science
Postsecondary teacherspsychology
Postsecondary teacherssociology
Postsecondary teachersother social sciences
Engineers
Aerospace, aeronautical, or astronautical engineers
Bioengineering and biomedical engineers
Chemical engineers
Civil, architectural, or sanitary engineers
Electrical or computer hardware engineers
Computer engineershardware
Materials and metallurgical engineers
Mining and geological engineers
Nuclear engineers
Petroleum engineers
All employed
engineers
S&E
3,000
25,000
35,000
54,000
24,000
3,000
24,000
29,000
52,000
23,000
All S&E
Computer/
mathematical
sciences
Biological/
agricultural/
environmental
life sciences
Physical
sciences
Social
sciences
Engineering
S&E-related
fields
Non-S&E
fields
3,000
23,000
28,000
50,000
23,000
S
1,000
S
<500
S
S
S
13,000
5,000
2,000
3,000
19,000
10,000
40,000
18,000
S
S
2,000
1,000
S
S
3,000
3,000
3,000
2,000
S
1,000
2,000
<500
S
S
S
5,000
4,000
S
15,000
14,000
13,000
2,000
8,000
1,000
1,000
<500
2,000
15,000
502,000
29,000
17,000
185,000
21,000
11,000
10,000
134,000
116,000
18,000
15,000
33,000
18,000
33,000
1,582,000
100,000
7,000
28,000
77,000
258,000
399,000
53,000
346,000
86,000
93,000
300,000
12,000
46,000
7,000
17,000
19,000
15,000
449,000
28,000
16,000
177,000
21,000
11,000
10,000
102,000
105,000
17,000
14,000
31,000
17,000
25,000
1,487,000
96,000
6,000
26,000
76,000
252,000
373,000
49,000
324,000
78,000
78,000
286,000
11,000
44,000
7,000
17,000
19,000
15,000
378,000
25,000
14,000
159,000
19,000
11,000
9,000
70,000
89,000
15,000
13,000
28,000
14,000
19,000
1,366,000
88,000
6,000
24,000
67,000
238,000
347,000
45,000
302,000
72,000
69,000
260,000
10,000
39,000
7,000
15,000
17,000
S
7,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
1,000
<500
S
S
S
S
45,000
5,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
20,000
10,000
10,000
S
2,000
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
<500
6,000
<500
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
1,000
S
S
<500
S
<500
34,000
S
S
2,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
2,000
12,000
2,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
14,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
<500
S
S
S
S
S
50,000
3,000
S
1,000
5,000
2,000
10,000
2,000
8,000
9,000
2,000
3,000
S
5,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
S
354,000
24,000
14,000
159,000
19,000
11,000
9,000
52,000
86,000
14,000
13,000
27,000
14,000
18,000
17,000
1,000
S
S
S
2,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
2,000
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
7,000
<500
S
S
S
S
<500
1,221,000
78,000
4,000
20,000
60,000
232,000
313,000
32,000
281,000
48,000
61,000
251,000
10,000
33,000
6,000
14,000
14,000
S
30,000
S
S
4,000
S
S
S
22,000
3,000
S
S
<500
S
2,000
62,000
2,000
S
2,000
S
4,000
17,000
2,000
15,000
5,000
10,000
11,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
94,000
4,000
3,000
21,000
S
S
S
42,000
24,000
3,000
1,000
5,000
3,000
12,000
154,000
11,000
S
2,000
10,000
15,000
34,000
5,000
29,000
8,000
14,000
30,000
2,000
7,000
S
2,000
S
Appendix table 3-2

Occupation
All employed
engineers
S&E
All S&E
Computer/
mathematical
sciences
Biological/
agricultural/
environmental
life sciences
Physical
sciences
Social
sciences
Engineering
S&E-related
fields
Non-S&E
fields
Sales engineers
Other engineers
Postsecondary teachersengineering
S&E-related occupations
Health-related occupations
Diagnosing/treating practitioners (e.g., dentists,
optometrists, physicians)
49,000
48,000
35,000
5,542,000
3,780,000
39,000
43,000
34,000
2,507,000
1,404,000
37,000
37,000
32,000
1,285,000
456,000
6,000
3,000
1,000
252,000
15,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
403,000
243,000
1,000
5,000
2,000
89,000
24,000
3,000
<500
<500
301,000
160,000
23,000
27,000
27,000
241,000
14,000
5,000
2,000
S
3,480,000
3,056,000
8,000
9,000
2,000
778,000
267,000
1,066,000
700,000
49,000
1,000
40,000
2,000
4,000
2,000
1,009,000
8,000
Registered nurses, pharmacists, dieticians,

therapists, physician assistants
1,913,000
319,000
124,000
4,000
57,000
6,000
51,000
5,000
1,674,000
115,000
357,000
172,000
147,000
4,000
91,000
11,000
39,000
3,000
164,000
45,000
318,000
126,000
501,000
178,000
168,000
127,000
28,000
599,000
445,000
155,000
446,000
62,000
204,000
71,000
28,000
11,000
31,000
20,000
<500
21,000
182,000
34,000
8,828,000
1,261,000
815,000
136,000
310,000
1,309,000
165,000
48,000
367,000
130,000
155,000
55,000
27,000
350,000
278,000
71,000
318,000
54,000
141,000
48,000
14,000
9,000
19,000
15,000
<500
19,000
40,000
28,000
7,363,000
1,047,000
689,000
93,000
266,000
1,133,000
119,000
18,000
291,000
109,000
127,000
31,000
25,000
194,000
158,000
36,000
296,000
51,000
129,000
44,000
14,000
9,000
17,000
15,000
<500
17,000
23,000
26,000
5,050,000
692,000
458,000
41,000
193,000
797,000
6,000
<500
69,000
59,000
9,000
1,000
S
50,000
49,000
S
93,000
S
82,000
3,000
1,000
S
2,000
2,000
S
2,000
2,000
23,000
472,000
71,000
56,000
2,000
13,000
116,000
43,000
12,000
30,000
5,000
<500
11,000
13,000
57,000
57,000
S
70,000
41,000
4,000
8,000
S
5,000
4,000
1,000
S
7,000
3,000
S
689,000
85,000
48,000
5,000
33,000
83,000
3,000
1,000
20,000
3,000
6,000
2,000
8,000
22,000
22,000
S
23,000
3,000
8,000
3,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
S
6,000
S
1,000
215,000
44,000
31,000
3,000
10,000
40,000
63,000
4,000
38,000
21,000
1,000
16,000
1,000
56,000
23,000
34,000
43,000
4,000
16,000
7,000
5,000
3,000
1,000
7,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
3,038,000
298,000
186,000
28,000
84,000
476,000
4,000
1,000
134,000
21,000
110,000
1,000
2,000
8,000
7,000
S
66,000
2,000
19,000
23,000
7,000
1,000
9,000
3,000
S
<500
18,000
S
637,000
193,000
138,000
3,000
52,000
81,000
118,000
91,000
87,000
6,000
8,000
71,000
2,000
148,000
124,000
25,000
34,000
4,000
10,000
12,000
3,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
147,000
7,000
971,000
138,000
92,000
17,000
28,000
100,000
82,000
18,000
123,000
63,000
33,000
25,000
1,000
258,000
164,000
94,000
117,000
7,000
65,000
15,000
10,000
1,000
11,000
4,000
S
4,000
11,000
1,000
2,807,000
431,000
264,000
78,000
89,000
413,000
Health technologists and technicians (e.g., dental

hygienist, health record tech)
Other health occupations
Postsecondary teachershealth and related sciences teachers
S&E managers
Medical and health services managers
S&E precollege teachers
Secondary school teacherscomputer, math, or sciences
Secondary school teacherssocial sciences
S&E technicians and technologists
Technologists and technicians in the biological/life sciences
Computer programmers (business, scientific, process control)
Electrical, electronic, industrial, mechanical technicians
Drafting occupations, including computer drafting
Surveying and mapping technicians
Other engineering technologists and technicians
Surveyors, cartographers, photogrammetrists
Technologists and technicians in the mathematical sciences
Technologists and technicians in the physical sciences
Architects
Actuaries
Non-S&E occupations
Non-S&E managers
Top-level managers, executives, administrators
Education administrators (e.g., registrar, dean, principal)
Other mid-level managers
Management-related occupations
Appendix table 3-2

Occupation
All employed
engineers
S&E
453,000
189,000
491,000
530,000
71,000
213,000
97,000
105,000
45,000
125,000
6,000
All S&E
Computer/
mathematical
sciences
Biological/
agricultural/
environmental
life sciences
Physical
sciences
Social
sciences
Engineering
S&E-related
fields
Non-S&E
fields
309,000
141,000
347,000
298,000
52,000
108,000
57,000
44,000
37,000
45,000
3,000
56,000
10,000
50,000
21,000
5,000
5,000
5,000
3,000
2,000
5,000
S
29,000
11,000
44,000
28,000
5,000
11,000
5,000
2,000
6,000
3,000
S
14,000
2,000
24,000
7,000
S
4,000
1,000
S
1,000
1,000
S
189,000
111,000
176,000
236,000
42,000
85,000
44,000
38,000
27,000
32,000
1,000
20,000
9,000
52,000
5,000
S
3,000
1,000
S
<500
4,000
S
30,000
17,000
53,000
126,000
24,000
37,000
21,000
38,000
6,000
18,000
2,000
178,000
57,000
178,000
321,000
21,000
137,000
73,000
76,000
15,000
94,000
7,000
Accountants, auditors, and other financial specialists

Personnel, training, and labor relations specialists
Other management-related occupations
Non-S&E precollege teachers
Prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers
Elementary school teachers
Secondary school teachersother subjects
Special education teachersprimary and secondary
Other precollegiate teachers
Non-S&E postsecondary teachers
Postsecondary teachersart, drama, and music
Postsecondary teachersbusiness, commerce,
and marketing
517,000
215,000
577,000
745,000
97,000
282,000
150,000
158,000
58,000
157,000
11,000
25,000
23,000
8,000
2,000
<500
5,000
1,000
1,000
16,000
Postsecondary teacherseducation
Postsecondary teachersEnglish
Postsecondary teachersforeign languages
Postsecondary teachershistory
Postsecondary teachersphysical education
Postsecondary teachersother non-S&E fields
Social services and related occupations
Clergy and other religious workers
Counselors, educational, vocational, mental health,
and substance abuse
28,000
16,000
10,000
9,000
7,000
51,000
725,000
96,000
22,000
13,000
9,000
8,000
3,000
41,000
634,000
80,000
6,000
3,000
5,000
3,000
1,000
17,000
367,000
26,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
4,000
2,000
<500
S
S
S
S
1,000
17,000
10,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
<500
2,000
<500
3,000
3,000
4,000
3,000
S
12,000
339,000
10,000
<500
S
S
S
S
2,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
S
S
S
3,000
8,000
69,000
7,000
19,000
12,000
5,000
6,000
3,000
26,000
289,000
63,000
303,000
262,000
181,000
2,000
4,000
<500
174,000
39,000
82,000
Social workers
Sales and marketing occupations
Insurance, securities, real estate, and business services
Sales occupationscommodities except retail
Sales occupationsretail
Other marketing and sales occupations
Art, humanities, and related occupations
Artists, broadcasters, editors, entertainers, public
relations specialists, writers
326,000
1,357,000
461,000
263,000
235,000
398,000
295,000
291,000
1,126,000
396,000
205,000
187,000
337,000
226,000
160,000
922,000
306,000
174,000
171,000
271,000
177,000
S
86,000
33,000
11,000
16,000
25,000
16,000
3,000
141,000
34,000
40,000
28,000
40,000
25,000
S
36,000
8,000
10,000
6,000
12,000
6,000
155,000
543,000
209,000
74,000
108,000
152,000
119,000
S
116,000
21,000
39,000
14,000
42,000
10,000
23,000
172,000
50,000
45,000
41,000
36,000
35,000
144,000
264,000
106,000
44,000
24,000
90,000
83,000
291,000
222,000
177,000
16,000
25,000
6,000
119,000
10,000
34,000
80,000
Historians
Other non-S&E occupations
Accounting clerks and bookkeepers
Secretaries, receptionists, typists
Other administrative (e.g., record clerks, telephone operators)
Farmers, foresters, and fishermen
Lawyers, judges
4,000
2,979,000
128,000
149,000
489,000
96,000
555,000
4,000
2,541,000
101,000
125,000
400,000
90,000
534,000
1,000
1,751,000
95,000
110,000
356,000
79,000
29,000
S
152,000
23,000
10,000
33,000
3,000
<500
S
305,000
12,000
8,000
49,000
43,000
3,000
S
78,000
3,000
3,000
15,000
6,000
2,000
1,000
993,000
50,000
86,000
239,000
20,000
22,000
S
223,000
6,000
4,000
20,000
7,000
1,000
S
315,000
25,000
20,000
64,000
5,000
2,000
3,000
913,000
8,000
19,000
69,000
12,000
524,000
Appendix table 3-2

Occupation
Librarians, archivists, curators
Food preparation and services
Protective services occupations
Other service occupations, except health
Other teachers and instructors in noneducational institutions
Construction and extraction occupations
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations
Precision/production occupations
Transportation and material moving occupations
Other occupations
All employed
engineers
S&E
69,000
120,000
182,000
230,000
83,000
181,000
119,000
148,000
166,000
265,000
57,000
102,000
161,000
194,000
66,000
135,000
94,000
111,000
141,000
232,000
All S&E
Computer/
mathematical
sciences
Biological/
agricultural/
environmental
life sciences
Physical
sciences
Social
sciences
Engineering
S&E-related
fields
Non-S&E
fields
19,000
94,000
138,000
171,000
50,000
122,000
90,000
96,000
121,000
183,000
3,000
9,000
8,000
6,000
5,000
8,000
7,000
13,000
11,000
13,000
3,000
15,000
21,000
31,000
12,000
22,000
14,000
28,000
14,000
29,000
<500
2,000
4,000
5,000
3,000
6,000
3,000
7,000
11,000
9,000
11,000
58,000
98,000
118,000
26,000
40,000
27,000
22,000
56,000
122,000
1,000
9,000
8,000
11,000
4,000
47,000
38,000
27,000
30,000
11,000
3,000
16,000
12,000
26,000
15,000
38,000
18,000
27,000
20,000
23,000
47,000
10,000
32,000
33,000
18,000
20,000
11,000
24,000
25,000
59,000
S = suppressed due to reasons of confidentiality and/or reliability

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT) (2008), http://sestat.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 3-3

Occupation of employed S&E degree holders: 2008
Degree and occupation group

All S&E degree holders (n )
All occupations
S&E occupations
Same S&E occupation as S&E field of degree
Other S&E occupations
Non-S&E occupations
Biological/agricultural/environmental life sciences degree holders (n )
All occupations
S&E occupations
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
Non-S&E occupations
Computer and mathematical sciences degree holders (n )
All occupations
S&E occupations
Non-S&E occupations
Physical sciences degree holders (n )
All occupations
S&E occupations
Physical scientists
Non-S&E occupations
Social sciences degree holders (n )
All occupations
S&E occupations
Social scientists
Non-S&E occupations
Engineering degree holders (n )
All occupations
S&E occupations
Engineers
Non-S&E occupations
aIncludes professional degrees not
One degree
in field
In fielda
14,145,348
100.0
30.2
23.6
6.6
17.7
52.1
2,609,002
100.0
22.6
14.9
7.7
41.6
35.8
2,022,533
100.0
52.2
47.5
4.7
16.6
31.2
1,052,631
100.0
45.5
23.0
22.5
22.7
31.8
5,973,379
100.0
11.3
6.8
4.5
10.0
78.7
3,093,077
100.0
59.4
43.4
16.0
10.8
29.7
10,215,864
100.0
38.0
29.6
8.4
12.6
49.4
1,569,122
100.0
30.4
22.2
8.2
25.7
43.9
1,650,952
100.0
56.2
52.8
3.4
15.2
28.6
664,568
100.0
54.3
34.0
20.3
13.4
32.3
3,878,314
100.0
13.9
9.1
4.8
7.8
78.3
2,452,908
100.0
64.2
49.8
14.4
9.8
26.0
Highest degree
Bachelor's
Master's
in field
in field
7,367,054
100.0
30.7
23.2
7.5
13.0
56.3
1,144,092
100.0
20.8
13.0
7.8
27.3
51.9
1,160,819
100.0
51.7
48.9
2.8
16.2
32.1
395,016
100.0
43.9
24.2
19.7
14.3
41.8
2,958,034
100.0
7.5
2.7
4.8
7.7
84.8
1,709,084
100.0
60.0
47.6
12.4
10.1
29.9
Doctorate
in field
2,084,762
100.0
50.7
40.2
10.5
12.3
37.0
219,189
100.0
45.7
34.5
11.2
23.8
30.6
429,757
100.0
64.5
60.0
4.5
14.2
21.3
129,178
100.0
60.0
40.3
19.7
17.0
23.0
705,562
100.0
23.4
18.8
4.6
9.2
67.5
604,076
100.0
72.6
53.0
19.6
9.4
18.0
broken out separately.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System
(SESTAT) (2008), http://sestat.nsf.gov.
742,272
100.0
74.1
62.3
11.8
9.5
31.5
205,842
100.0
67.8
59.8
8.0
18.4
13.8
60,375
100.0
83.8
77.1
6.7
4.1
12.1
140,374
100.0
78.2
55.9
22.3
7.6
14.1
195,962
100.0
70.4
65.0
5.4
4.3
25.3
139,718
100.0
80.1
62.0
18.1
8.0
12.0
Appendix table 3-4

Employment and wages, by broad occupational category, state, and selected metropolitan statistical areas (May 2010)
All occupations
Geographic location
US Total
Alabama
Anniston-Oxford, AL
Auburn-Opelika, AL
Birmingham-Hoover, AL
Decatur, AL
Dothan, AL
Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL
Gadsden, AL
Huntsville, AL
Mobile, AL
Montgomery, AL
Tuscaloosa, AL
Alaska
Anchorage, AK
Fairbanks, AK
Arizona
Flagstaff, AZ
Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ
Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ
Prescott, AZ
Tucson, AZ
Yuma, AZ
Arkansas
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO
Fort Smith, AR-OK
Hot Springs, AR
Jonesboro, AR
Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR
Memphis, TN-MS-AR
Pine Bluff, AR
California
Bakersfield, CA
Chico, CA
El Centro, CA
Fresno, CA
Hanford-Corcoran, CA
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division
Santa Ana-Anaheim-Irvine, CA Metropolitan Division
Madera, CA
S&E occupations
Number
Mean annual
wage ($)
127,097,160
1,807,480
45,220
46,360
475,260
51,670
55,490
50,980
33,740
202,410
167,910
157,870
88,950
308,050
164,770
35,000
2,367,120
55,170
44,050
1,683,500
53,780
346,760
55,720
1,135,560
192,400
115,020
35,800
46,070
327,860
586,140
34,210
14,001,730
250,190
68,030
50,290
312,060
38,050
5,191,880
3,817,570
1,374,310
36,680
44,410
38,590
35,190
37,260
41,220
36,850
34,510
34,210
33,130
48,080
38,240
38,330
37,990
50,350
51,470
50,350
42,390
39,300
35,300
43,450
37,520
42,160
34,120
35,460
38,900
33,470
34,420
33,290
39,000
40,180
34,850
50,730
44,520
40,650
39,550
41,100
43,070
50,120
50,240
49,780
43,210
STEM occupations
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
5,549,980
68,450
840
2,040
15,100
1,160
790
880
300
27,780
4,940
6,130
1,990
15,430
9,020
2,200
102,870
2,150
510
73,680
800
20,510
1,320
29,200
6,890
1,910
900
820
12,440
14,710
840
758,830
10,070
1,380
740
7,330
430
237,430
169,040
68,390
770
4.4
3.8
1.9
4.4
3.2
2.2
1.4
1.7
0.9
13.7
2.9
3.9
2.2
5.0
5.5
6.3
4.3
3.9
1.2
4.4
1.5
5.9
2.4
2.6
3.6
1.7
2.5
1.8
3.8
2.5
2.5
5.4
4.0
2.0
1.5
2.3
1.1
4.6
4.4
5.0
2.1
80,170
78,660
68,550
78,320
75,110
79,430
61,580
68,150
61,420
89,780
69,670
66,530
76,780
86,110
89,070
83,660
77,370
70,890
65,580
78,140
58,720
78,380
65,900
61,890
65,510
61,410
70,420
56,970
61,140
72,120
70,370
91,160
91,120
72,790
74,800
79,720
80,400
86,990
87,390
85,980
77,240
7,427,350
93,700
1,160
2,610
21,940
1,730
1,170
1,340
460
35,500
7,480
8,100
2,850
22,330
12,580
3,150
140,550
3,410
820
100,060
1,260
26,190
2,410
41,120
11,030
2,670
1,140
1,100
16,390
20,650
1,220
990,460
14,270
1,940
1,020
10,410
660
308,090
217,670
90,420
1,090
5.8
5.2
2.6
5.6
4.6
3.3
2.1
2.6
1.4
17.5
4.5
5.1
3.2
7.2
7.6
9.0
5.9
6.2
1.9
5.9
2.3
7.6
4.3
3.6
5.7
2.3
3.2
2.4
5.0
3.5
3.6
7.1
5.7
2.9
2.0
3.3
1.7
5.9
5.7
6.6
3.0
79,000
74,710
65,550
73,660
72,210
73,580
59,710
62,420
56,640
86,020
65,180
65,210
70,920
81,520
86,010
75,320
74,830
64,990
63,670
76,160
55,610
76,580
59,130
61,030
64,210
59,680
68,710
60,510
60,770
71,710
65,830
90,900
86,610
68,540
71,520
73,790
73,120
87,230
87,520
86,520
69,870
Appendix table 3-4

All occupations
Geographic location
Merced, CA
Modesto, CA
Napa, CA
Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA
Redding, CA
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA
Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA
Salinas, CA
San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA
San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area
Oakland-Fremont-Hayward, CA Metropolitan Division
San Francisco-San Mateo-Redwood City, CA Metropolitan Division
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA
San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles, CA
Santa Barbara-Santa Maria-Goleta, CA
Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA
Santa Rosa-Petaluma, CA
Stockton, CA
Vallejo-Fairfield, CA
Visalia-Porterville, CA
Yuba City, CA
Colorado
Boulder, CO
Colorado Springs, CO
Denver-Aurora, CO
Fort Collins-Loveland, CO
Grand Junction, CO
Greeley, CO
Pueblo, CO
Connecticut
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT
Danbury, CT
Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT
New Haven, CT
Norwich-New London, CT-RI
Springfield, MA-CT
Waterbury, CT
Worcester, MA-CT
Delaware
Dover, DE
Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Metropolitan Statistical Area
S&E occupations
Number
Mean annual
wage ($)
57,060
150,680
60,940
284,250
59,780
1,140,830
820,430
153,740
1,238,720
1,900,110
951,150
948,970
857,160
96,880
164,740
82,730
170,960
198,430
117,720
130,400
37,210
2,157,690
152,100
240,000
1,183,990
125,100
57,530
75,200
54,980
1,598,640
404,970
65,310
546,810
264,340
130,140
282,730
63,150
236,890
397,730
57,710
2,619,360
39,080
41,520
49,620
47,890
41,340
42,930
50,090
42,860
50,200
59,820
56,360
63,290
67,850
44,280
47,230
46,770
48,470
42,840
46,630
38,370
41,190
46,770
53,350
44,630
49,440
44,100
39,550
40,930
37,480
51,920
58,310
48,400
52,280
50,680
44,330
44,520
45,900
48,080
46,870
39,130
48,820
STEM occupations
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
980
2,440
1,570
14,970
1,560
27,900
49,260
4,040
83,330
138,280
64,470
73,800
131,890
3,230
8,690
3,080
5,870
3,420
3,410
1,740
850
143,210
20,640
19,050
82,610
10,070
1,370
2,160
1,510
74,990
18,610
2,060
31,860
9,930
6,980
9,230
1,190
10,800
20,920
2,730
129,910
1.7
1.6
2.6
5.3
2.6
2.4
6.0
2.6
6.7
7.3
6.8
7.8
15.4
3.3
5.3
3.7
3.4
1.7
2.9
1.3
2.3
6.6
13.6
7.9
7.0
8.0
2.4
2.9
2.7
4.7
4.6
3.2
5.8
3.8
5.4
3.3
1.9
4.6
5.3
4.7
5.0
74,920
80,720
84,020
85,380
80,340
79,270
83,520
89,230
85,650
93,630
90,900
96,010
109,690
77,670
87,740
82,500
88,840
78,300
85,630
78,410
82,080
83,630
88,970
83,570
84,270
80,500
68,500
81,550
70,770
80,770
85,600
80,750
78,890
79,680
83,680
74,720
69,970
79,640
79,540
62,580
83,560
1,260
3,640
2,150
20,580
2,480
38,440
62,940
5,110
111,550
177,380
84,770
92,600
164,640
4,390
12,180
3,990
7,990
4,580
4,590
2,700
1,290
176,280
24,220
22,700
101,300
12,500
2,010
3,120
1,880
104,130
25,760
3,200
42,260
13,950
11,480
12,490
1,720
14,640
27,670
3,540
168,720
2.2
2.4
3.5
7.2
4.1
3.4
7.7
3.3
9.0
9.3
8.9
9.8
19.2
4.5
7.4
4.8
4.7
2.3
3.9
2.1
3.5
8.2
15.9
9.5
8.6
10.0
3.5
4.1
3.4
6.5
6.4
4.9
7.7
5.3
8.8
4.4
2.7
6.2
7.0
6.1
6.4
72,240
75,170
81,610
85,930
70,790
76,370
82,890
87,640
85,240
95,630
91,140
99,740
111,040
74,920
83,520
82,380
86,190
75,660
83,800
69,220
77,590
81,970
89,070
82,060
83,200
77,570
63,740
73,820
69,410
81,880
88,230
79,260
80,650
79,460
80,330
74,200
70,520
78,470
81,220
62,940
84,120
Appendix table 3-4

All occupations
Geographic location
Philadelphia, PA Metropolitan Division
Camden, NJ Metropolitan Division
Wilmington, DE-MD-NJ Metropolitan Division
District of Columbia
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area
Bethesda-Frederick-Gaithersburg, MD Metropolitan Division
Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division
Florida
Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL
Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL
Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL
Gainesville, FL
Jacksonville, FL
Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL
Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL Metropolitan Statistical Area
Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach-Deerfield Beach, FL Metropolitan Division
Miami-Miami Beach-Kendall, FL Metropolitan Division
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton-Boynton Beach, FL Metropolitan Division
Naples-Marco Island, FL
North Port-Bradenton-Sarasota, FL
Ocala, FL
Orlando-Kissimmee, FL
Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL
Palm Coast, FL
Panama City-Lynn Haven, FL
Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL
Port St. Lucie, FL
Punta Gorda, FL
Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL
Tallahassee, FL
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Georgia
Albany, GA
Athens-Clarke County, GA
Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC
Brunswick, GA
Columbus, GA-AL
Dalton, GA
Gainesville, GA
S&E occupations
Number
Mean annual
wage ($)
1,804,600
499,700
315,060
639,390
2,840,740
551,550
2,289,200
7,103,950
193,940
74,410
149,890
118,760
569,260
188,900
2,143,470
688,230
958,330
496,910
109,290
237,170
89,480
959,650
189,730
16,960
67,990
149,390
117,630
38,730
44,280
158,490
1,091,750
3,744,740
59,300
76,150
2,200,660
202,190
38,680
110,520
63,380
67,970
STEM occupations
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
49,280
46,300
50,160
93,760
17,690
18,460
5.2
3.5
5.9
84,310
80,660
82,580
120,330
23,810
24,580
6.7
4.8
7.8
84,730
80,500
84,650
73,440
61,530
58,360
62,300
40,270
38,860
39,680
35,270
42,730
41,030
36,400
42,230
42,010
42,040
42,900
39,830
38,720
35,640
38,910
42,990
34,560
35,650
36,850
37,630
35,710
37,630
41,030
41,750
42,270
35,680
39,840
46,440
40,250
37,250
37,080
34,790
38,960
59,870
298,180
54,820
243,350
239,600
3,340
5,240
3,220
7,100
23,060
3,610
63,060
21,510
25,500
16,050
1,360
4,380
1,500
35,030
16,400
230
2,940
4,510
2,300
440
630
9,740
41,990
145,220
1,100
3,470
108,840
8,080
520
3,360
1,090
1,230
9.4
10.5
9.9
10.6
3.4
1.7
7.0
2.1
6.0
4.1
1.9
2.9
3.1
2.7
3.2
1.2
1.8
1.7
3.7
8.6
1.4
4.3
3.0
2.0
1.1
1.4
6.1
3.8
3.9
1.9
4.6
4.9
4.0
1.3
3.0
1.7
1.8
94,250
95,560
93,780
95,960
70,940
71,400
80,800
59,220
72,110
68,610
59,680
71,980
69,170
73,480
73,370
68,770
67,000
58,120
70,310
83,410
59,080
73,990
65,060
63,450
64,310
62,320
63,170
71,670
74,710
65,190
68,330
77,410
78,160
62,000
65,530
64,750
57,270
71,660
360,580
68,860
291,730
319,770
4,960
6,660
4,390
8,810
29,550
5,330
83,940
28,560
33,590
21,790
2,060
6,310
2,150
48,220
21,480
380
3,840
6,220
3,200
590
890
12,470
55,470
190,040
1,530
4,570
139,950
11,170
730
5,390
1,550
1,990
11.2
12.7
12.5
12.7
4.5
2.6
9.0
2.9
7.4
5.2
2.8
3.9
4.1
3.5
4.4
1.9
2.7
2.4
5.0
11.3
2.2
5.6
4.2
2.7
1.5
2.0
7.9
5.1
5.1
2.6
6.0
6.4
5.5
1.9
4.9
2.4
2.9
95,690
96,290
93,690
96,900
69,050
67,680
76,300
57,760
68,400
68,290
58,000
71,010
68,400
72,380
72,310
63,540
64,730
56,060
68,070
79,540
55,130
69,260
62,440
59,530
59,940
60,110
61,480
70,290
74,960
62,290
68,020
78,560
74,730
58,870
65,020
64,680
55,680
Appendix table 3-4

All occupations
Geographic location
Hinesville-Fort Stewart, GA
Macon, GA
Rome, GA
Savannah, GA
Valdosta, GA
Warner Robins, GA
Hawaii
Honolulu, HI
Idaho
Boise City-Nampa, ID
Coeur d'Alene, ID
Idaho Falls, ID
Lewiston, ID-WA
Pocatello, ID
Illinois
Bloomington-Normal, IL
Champaign-Urbana, IL
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI Metropolitan Statistical Area
Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL Metropolitan Division
Gary, IN Metropolitan Division
Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI Metropolitan Division
Danville, IL
Decatur, IL
Kankakee-Bradley, IL
Peoria, IL
Rockford, IL
Springfield, IL
Indiana
Anderson, IN
Bloomington, IN
Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN
Columbus, IN
Elkhart-Goshen, IN
Evansville, IN-KY
Fort Wayne, IN
Indianapolis-Carmel, IN
Kokomo, IN
S&E occupations
Number
Mean annual
wage ($)
16,750
90,180
35,590
145,320
48,890
56,980
571,630
420,520
594,750
255,700
51,560
48,030
23,650
33,820
5,528,420
85,760
98,220
4,169,840
3,542,180
258,120
369,540
27,120
50,970
41,220
166,600
137,110
105,360
2,724,850
37,580
72,590
4,169,840
3,542,180
258,120
369,540
963,290
39,750
99,370
166,480
194,770
852,240
37,790
37,480
36,600
37,800
39,670
32,160
42,850
43,740
45,100
38,600
40,610
35,810
39,920
37,140
36,330
46,450
46,000
45,010
48,490
49,140
39,680
48,520
36,820
39,840
37,530
40,680
41,040
44,040
39,020
34,720
35,650
48,490
49,140
39,680
48,520
42,640
41,500
36,930
39,070
38,970
42,710
42,200
STEM occupations
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
570
1,740
860
3,440
590
3,990
19,500
16,890
24,130
13,430
1,360
1,250
670
630
197,120
7,570
3,480
155,760
131,980
4,750
19,040
370
1,610
450
5,710
2,690
3,480
90,710
340
4,320
155,760
131,980
4,750
19,040
40,160
D
1,590
4,880
7,210
37,130
3,160
3.4
1.9
2.4
2.4
1.2
7.0
3.4
4.0
4.1
5.3
2.6
2.6
2.8
1.9
3.6
8.8
3.5
3.7
3.7
1.8
5.2
1.4
3.2
1.1
3.4
2.0
3.3
3.3
0.9
6.0
3.7
3.7
1.8
5.2
4.2
D
1.6
2.9
3.7
4.4
8.4
61,970
63,860
53,180
75,880
56,280
77,860
73,070
73,670
68,120
66,970
60,940
74,320
51,980
61,650
77,780
91,520
70,700
78,900
78,860
68,770
81,700
59,010
62,560
62,590
72,420
68,010
71,060
67,360
61,880
51,640
78,900
78,860
68,770
81,700
73,090
71,030
62,050
68,980
68,230
67,370
83,600
740
2,330
1,010
4,630
790
5,190
25,950
21,970
39,010
19,920
2,050
2,210
950
1,360
271,710
9,750
5,210
214,310
182,380
6,800
25,130
540
2,340
740
7,690
4,010
4,980
124,520
480
5,380
214,310
182,380
6,800
25,130
54,060
3,820
2,400
7,090
9,400
51,020
4,120
4.4
2.6
2.8
3.2
1.6
9.1
4.5
5.2
6.6
7.8
4.0
4.6
4.0
4.0
4.9
11.4
5.3
5.1
5.1
2.6
6.8
2.0
4.6
1.8
4.6
2.9
4.7
4.6
1.3
7.4
5.1
5.1
2.6
6.8
5.6
9.6
2.4
4.3
4.8
6.0
10.9
59,480
63,440
54,330
72,800
55,430
75,100
70,760
72,050
63,130
65,290
57,960
65,550
51,070
53,500
77,260
86,550
67,380
79,000
78,970
67,600
82,270
56,670
61,900
63,850
70,520
67,510
69,850
66,480
60,770
51,660
79,000
78,970
67,600
82,270
72,860
71,750
58,600
70,190
67,900
66,920
83,970
Appendix table 3-4

All occupations
Geographic location
Lafayette, IN
Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN
Michigan City-La Porte, IN
Muncie, IN
South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI
Terre Haute, IN
Iowa
Ames, IA
Cedar Rapids, IA
Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL
Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA
Dubuque, IA
Iowa City, IA
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA
Sioux City, IA-NE-SD
Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA
Kansas
Kansas City, MO-KS
Lawrence, KS
Manhattan, KS
St. Joseph, MO-KS
Topeka, KS
Wichita, KS
Kentucky
Bowling Green, KY
Clarksville, TN-KY
Elizabethtown, KY
Evansville, IN-KY
Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH
Lexington-Fayette, KY
Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN
Owensboro, KY
Louisiana
Alexandria, LA
Baton Rouge, LA
Houma-Bayou Cane-Thibodaux, LA
Lafayette, LA
Lake Charles, LA
Monroe, LA
New Orleans-Metairie-Kenner, LA
S&E occupations
Number
Mean annual
wage ($)
79,450
582,210
41,230
43,860
124,270
66,360
1,438,510
39,260
135,810
177,330
317,470
51,720
82,190
443,810
70,380
84,750
1,304,780
952,350
45,880
58,120
52,110
106,200
278,370
1,716,060
55,470
963,290
77,010
43,240
166,480
107,860
238,940
582,210
46,740
1,832,830
61,540
355,530
90,340
141,780
87,420
73,930
504,210
39,380
40,320
34,930
37,570
39,280
35,190
37,730
41,770
41,110
39,260
43,100
36,070
41,840
41,110
33,570
37,180
39,290
44,060
36,500
35,550
35,010
38,730
39,560
37,970
36,160
42,640
35,170
37,230
39,070
35,490
39,350
40,320
35,160
37,980
35,130
39,320
37,930
37,170
36,250
34,740
41,010
STEM occupations
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
4,540
17,290
670
1,370
4,120
2,060
44,140
2,780
7,650
4,730
13,860
1,280
3,800
19,080
1,160
2,840
48,970
46,000
2,010
2,140
1,050
3,420
12,110
48,790
1,500
40,160
1,970
1,510
4,880
2,140
11,180
17,290
910
44,200
960
14,140
1,160
3,200
1,640
1,390
14,880
5.7
3.0
1.6
3.1
3.3
3.1
3.1
7.1
5.6
2.7
4.4
2.5
4.6
4.3
1.6
3.4
3.8
4.8
4.4
3.7
2.0
3.2
4.4
2.8
2.7
4.2
2.6
3.5
2.9
2.0
4.7
3.0
1.9
2.4
1.6
4.0
1.3
2.3
1.9
1.9
3.0
74,380
68,430
59,860
60,400
69,580
67,860
67,600
78,440
70,180
70,570
68,630
63,090
68,580
70,480
59,370
70,490
70,330
73,550
69,480
68,970
60,740
61,870
72,970
64,970
62,040
73,090
66,740
63,470
68,980
65,100
66,390
68,430
58,860
73,800
65,370
73,320
69,800
71,420
70,890
65,540
79,300
6,160
23,220
1,000
1,650
5,340
2,600
61,790
4,180
10,680
6,520
18,320
1,760
5,370
24,820
1,660
3,610
67,060
60,550
2,940
3,100
1,410
5,030
16,320
66,770
2,140
54,060
2,870
1,890
7,090
3,020
15,070
23,220
1,270
67,930
1,440
20,250
2,180
6,010
2,810
2,050
22,260
7.8
4.0
2.4
3.8
4.3
3.9
4.3
10.6
7.9
3.7
5.8
3.4
6.5
5.6
2.4
4.3
5.1
6.4
6.4
5.3
2.7
4.7
5.9
3.9
3.9
5.6
3.7
4.4
4.3
2.8
6.3
4.0
2.7
3.7
2.3
5.7
2.4
4.2
3.2
2.8
4.4
70,290
67,920
58,810
61,400
67,560
66,300
65,780
69,580
68,950
70,160
69,470
61,710
65,280
70,320
57,900
68,950
68,630
73,180
63,420
62,420
59,190
60,730
70,270
63,450
57,770
72,860
63,790
61,560
70,190
62,400
63,730
67,920
57,710
69,340
63,000
70,180
62,250
63,750
67,150
61,060
75,370
Appendix table 3-4

All occupations
Geographic location
Shreveport-Bossier City, LA
Maine
Bangor, ME
Lewiston-Auburn, ME
Portland-South Portland-Biddeford, ME
Portsmouth, NH-ME
Maryland
Baltimore-Towson, MD
Cumberland, MD-WV
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV
Salisbury, MD
Massachusetts
Barnstable Town, MA
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA NECTA Division
Brockton-Bridgewater-Easton, MA NECTA Division
Framingham, MA NECTA Division
Haverhill-North Andover-Amesbury, MA-NH NECTA Division
Lawrence-Methuen-Salem, MA-NH NECTA Division
Lowell-Billerica-Chelmsford, MA-NH NECTA Division
Nashua, NH-MA NECTA Division
Peabody, MA NECTA Division
Taunton-Norton-Raynham, MA NECTA Division
Leominster-Fitchburg-Gardner, MA
New Bedford, MA
Pittsfield, MA
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA
Springfield, MA-CT
Worcester, MA-CT
Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI
Battle Creek, MI
Bay City, MI
Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI Metropolitan Statistical Area
S&E occupations
Number
Mean annual
wage ($)
170,460
577,410
61,210
46,960
191,640
54,350
2,462,470
1,238,860
37,400
92,760
2,619,360
1,804,600
499,700
315,060
52,040
2,840,740
551,550
2,289,200
3,119,100
93,350
2,413,780
1,658,000
85,550
154,760
76,110
55,500
113,630
128,380
98,840
43,010
47,640
62,010
33,860
532,800
282,730
236,890
3,755,890
188,110
51,880
34,740
1,686,920
36,640
39,470
38,860
37,100
42,670
48,140
50,880
49,910
37,410
38,760
48,820
49,280
46,300
50,160
40,780
61,530
58,360
62,300
53,700
44,320
56,560
59,410
46,230
57,960
45,140
44,880
55,480
48,580
47,290
45,070
40,920
41,270
42,190
44,970
44,520
48,080
43,280
48,750
41,150
37,650
47,080
STEM occupations
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
2,560
17,470
2,010
920
7,560
4,090
166,700
72,670
920
2,840
129,910
93,760
17,690
18,460
1,460
298,180
54,820
243,350
208,160
2,600
190,260
139,620
1,640
17,710
2,330
1,680
12,630
9,490
3,400
1,750
870
1,060
1,410
19,780
9,230
10,800
176,570
14,310
1,710
1,330
102,210
1.5
3.0
3.3
2.0
3.9
7.5
6.8
5.9
2.5
3.1
5.0
5.2
3.5
5.9
2.8
10.5
9.9
10.6
6.7
2.8
7.9
8.4
1.9
11.4
3.1
3.0
11.1
7.4
3.4
4.1
1.8
1.7
4.2
3.7
3.3
4.6
4.7
7.6
3.3
3.8
6.1
62,950
68,290
65,620
64,180
70,750
79,940
89,260
85,280
66,830
72,120
83,560
84,310
80,660
82,580
67,250
95,560
93,780
95,960
88,370
81,860
89,990
89,780
72,920
94,310
83,200
80,160
95,350
88,620
80,520
83,980
71,690
72,800
73,880
80,940
74,720
79,640
75,840
74,460
73,140
58,920
80,450
3,980
25,380
2,760
1,270
10,160
5,680
212,600
93,740
1,210
3,500
168,720
120,330
23,810
24,580
2,100
360,580
68,860
291,730
269,270
3,580
244,740
177,930
2,110
22,960
3,280
2,400
16,660
12,460
4,630
2,300
1,210
1,610
1,850
26,480
12,490
14,640
241,910
20,450
2,360
1,690
135,190
2.3
4.4
4.5
2.7
5.3
10.5
8.6
7.6
3.2
3.8
6.4
6.7
4.8
7.8
4.0
12.7
12.5
12.7
8.6
3.8
10.1
10.7
2.5
14.8
4.3
4.3
14.7
9.7
4.7
5.3
2.5
2.6
5.5
5.0
4.4
6.2
6.4
10.9
4.5
4.9
8.0
59,080
66,010
62,170
63,720
69,580
80,980
87,990
83,700
65,170
71,600
84,120
84,730
80,500
84,650
64,420
96,290
93,690
96,900
88,550
77,200
90,570
90,900
72,370
94,190
78,760
76,960
94,300
88,620
79,030
83,340
68,940
69,040
71,580
79,420
74,200
78,470
73,410
68,800
71,310
58,750
78,780
Appendix table 3-4

All occupations
Geographic location
Detroit-Livonia-Dearborn, MI Metropolitan Division
Warren-Troy-Farmington Hills, MI Metropolitan Division
Flint, MI
Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI
Holland-Grand Haven, MI
Jackson, MI
Kalamazoo-Portage, MI
Lansing-East Lansing, MI
Monroe, MI
Muskegon-Norton Shores, MI
Niles-Benton Harbor, MI
Saginaw-Saginaw Township North, MI
South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI
Minnesota
Duluth, MN-WI
Fargo, ND-MN
Grand Forks, ND-MN
La Crosse, WI-MN
Mankato-North Mankato, MN
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI
Rochester, MN
St. Cloud, MN
Mississippi
Gulfport-Biloxi, MS
Hattiesburg, MS
Jackson, MS
Memphis, TN-MS-AR
Pascagoula, MS
Missouri
Cape Girardeau-Jackson, MO-IL
Columbia, MO
Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO
Jefferson City, MO
Joplin, MO
Kansas City, MO-KS
St. Joseph, MO-KS
St. Louis, MO-IL
Springfield, MO
Montana
Billings, MT
Great Falls, MT
S&E occupations
Number
Mean annual
wage ($)
669,270
1,017,660
126,720
358,310
96,800
49,930
130,380
196,690
36,580
56,260
57,010
80,510
124,270
2,562,450
121,870
118,970
46,700
69,590
56,450
1,678,090
99,330
93,050
1,070,820
101,140
54,890
243,050
586,140
55,490
2,588,450
47,070
82,020
192,400
71,550
74,240
952,350
52,110
1,256,840
181,890
424,300
79,590
35,520
47,530
46,790
40,290
41,010
38,840
40,130
39,350
43,680
39,790
37,490
39,280
39,490
39,280
45,470
39,120
37,720
37,050
39,710
37,570
49,140
48,730
38,740
33,930
35,830
33,010
36,820
40,180
38,660
39,780
35,480
36,650
38,900
37,240
33,750
44,060
35,010
43,480
35,410
36,060
37,560
34,580
STEM occupations
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
36,570
65,640
2,640
12,030
3,660
1,400
5,490
10,160
1,050
1,180
2,110
1,920
4,120
125,100
3,930
5,410
1,240
2,670
1,500
99,380
6,260
1,970
23,770
3,430
870
6,490
14,710
D
102,300
950
3,450
6,890
3,700
1,280
46,000
1,050
59,810
5,140
14,620
2,340
760
5.5
6.5
2.1
3.4
3.8
2.8
4.2
5.2
2.9
2.1
3.7
2.4
3.3
4.9
3.2
4.5
2.7
3.8
2.7
5.9
6.3
2.1
2.2
3.4
1.6
2.7
2.5
D
4.0
2.0
4.2
3.6
5.2
1.7
4.8
2.0
4.8
2.8
3.4
2.9
2.1
80,540
80,400
67,280
66,660
68,480
71,550
72,560
69,820
74,770
62,570
75,970
68,390
69,580
76,150
64,810
60,060
61,540
66,850
66,640
78,040
78,440
64,120
62,670
69,980
58,740
59,560
72,120
D
70,140
56,340
60,320
65,510
58,910
58,130
73,550
60,740
74,300
54,190
59,530
61,450
53,370
48,590
86,600
3,690
17,930
6,140
2,310
7,300
13,230
1,570
1,620
3,350
3,000
5,340
169,180
5,510
7,820
1,820
3,660
2,200
132,040
8,350
2,880
34,690
4,820
1,250
9,340
20,650
3,550
133,230
1,220
4,700
11,030
5,090
1,850
60,550
1,410
77,240
6,600
22,750
3,530
1,120
7.3
8.5
2.9
5.0
6.3
4.6
5.6
6.7
4.3
2.9
5.9
3.7
4.3
6.6
4.5
6.6
3.9
5.3
3.9
7.9
8.4
3.1
3.2
4.8
2.3
3.8
3.5
6.4
5.1
2.6
5.7
5.7
7.1
2.5
6.4
2.7
6.1
3.6
5.4
4.4
3.2
78,730
78,810
66,310
65,370
61,730
68,630
71,120
69,890
70,270
61,700
71,300
63,760
67,560
76,630
63,180
56,900
57,680
66,200
62,830
79,380
81,080
62,990
60,130
65,370
55,380
58,710
71,710
66,230
70,090
54,910
60,770
64,210
57,700
54,390
73,180
59,190
74,890
54,630
55,810
58,490
51,740
Appendix table 3-4

All occupations
Geographic location
Missoula, MT
Nebraska
Lincoln, NE
Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA
Nevada
Carson City, NV
Las Vegas-Paradise, NV
Reno-Sparks, NV
New Hampshire
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH
Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA NECTA Division
Brockton-Bridgewater-Easton, MA NECTA Division
Framingham, MA NECTA Division
Haverhill-North Andover-Amesbury, MA-NH NECTA Division
Lawrence-Methuen-Salem, MA-NH NECTA Division
Lowell-Billerica-Chelmsford, MA-NH NECTA Division
Nashua, NH-MA NECTA Division
Peabody, MA NECTA Division
Taunton-Norton-Raynham, MA NECTA Division
Manchester, NH
Portsmouth, NH-ME
Rochester-Dover, NH-ME
New Jersey
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ
Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area
Edison-New Brunswick, NJ Metropolitan Division
Nassau-Suffolk, NY Metropolitan Division
New York-White Plains-Wayne, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division
Newark-Union, NJ-PA Metropolitan Division
Ocean City, NJ
Trenton-Ewing, NJ
Vineland-Millville-Bridgeton, NJ
New Mexico
Albuquerque, NM
Farmington, NM
S&E occupations
Number
Mean annual
wage ($)
54,110
901,690
159,080
443,810
70,380
1,113,530
27,380
807,240
189,570
603,420
2,413,780
1,658,000
85,550
154,760
76,110
55,500
113,630
128,380
98,840
43,010
97,640
54,350
53,430
3,770,550
327,390
135,380
8,101,890
962,750
1,202,960
4,982,650
953,540
37,690
2,619,360
1,804,600
499,700
315,060
214,520
59,610
777,560
370,090
47,890
36,390
38,300
39,160
41,110
33,570
41,220
45,450
40,740
42,670
44,450
56,560
59,410
46,230
57,960
45,140
44,880
55,480
48,580
47,290
45,070
46,770
48,140
42,840
50,730
42,390
41,650
55,080
51,100
50,850
57,170
53,550
38,780
48,820
49,280
46,300
50,160
56,000
42,340
40,050
41,520
38,650
STEM occupations
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
1,990
30,930
6,920
19,080
1,160
26,840
1,480
16,860
6,050
29,200
190,260
139,620
1,640
17,710
2,330
1,680
12,630
9,490
3,400
1,750
4,290
4,090
3,330
185,360
10,810
3,290
D
59,030
D
182,350
49,450
270
129,910
93,760
17,690
18,460
16,980
640
36,130
20,390
970
3.7
3.4
4.4
4.3
1.6
2.4
5.4
2.1
3.2
4.8
7.9
8.4
1.9
11.4
3.1
3.0
11.1
7.4
3.4
4.1
4.4
7.5
6.2
4.9
3.3
2.4
D
6.1
D
3.7
5.2
0.7
5.0
5.2
3.5
5.9
7.9
1.1
4.6
5.5
2.0
56,660
67,370
63,310
70,480
59,370
71,890
67,540
71,070
74,640
79,900
89,990
89,780
72,920
94,310
83,200
80,160
95,350
88,620
80,520
83,980
78,450
79,940
74,280
87,430
76,420
82,970
87,350
88,970
80,170
87,500
89,740
69,650
83,560
84,310
80,660
82,580
85,640
70,390
82,860
82,970
76,010
3,190
41,430
9,390
24,820
1,660
38,140
2,090
23,070
8,700
39,210
244,740
177,930
2,110
22,960
3,280
2,400
16,660
12,460
4,630
2,300
6,080
5,680
4,150
248,710
14,900
4,220
443,200
78,890
48,460
250,050
65,800
400
168,720
120,330
23,810
24,580
21,300
860
51,890
28,280
1,620
5.9
4.6
5.9
5.6
2.4
3.4
7.6
2.9
4.6
6.5
10.1
10.7
2.5
14.8
4.3
4.3
14.7
9.7
4.7
5.3
6.2
10.5
7.8
6.6
4.6
3.1
5.5
8.2
4.0
5.0
6.9
1.1
6.4
6.7
4.8
7.8
9.9
1.4
6.7
7.6
3.4
53,680
66,290
61,750
70,320
57,900
70,660
66,610
71,580
71,720
79,380
90,570
90,900
72,370
94,190
78,760
76,960
94,300
88,620
79,030
83,340
80,320
80,980
75,200
89,630
74,010
85,330
89,870
90,580
78,970
90,840
93,390
65,160
84,120
84,730
80,500
84,650
86,270
70,080
77,740
79,670
69,480
Appendix table 3-4

All occupations
Geographic location
Las Cruces, NM
Santa Fe, NM
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY
Binghamton, NY
Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY
Elmira, NY
Glens Falls, NY
Ithaca, NY
Kingston, NY
Poughkeepsie-Newburgh-Middletown, NY
Rochester, NY
Syracuse, NY
Utica-Rome, NY
North Carolina
Asheville, NC
Burlington, NC
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC
Durham, NC
Fayetteville, NC
Goldsboro, NC
Greensboro-High Point, NC
Greenville, NC
Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC
Jacksonville, NC
Raleigh-Cary, NC
Rocky Mount, NC
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC
Wilmington, NC
Winston-Salem, NC
North Dakota
Bismarck, ND
Fargo, ND-MN
Grand Forks, ND-MN
Ohio
Akron, OH
S&E occupations
Number
Mean annual
wage ($)
65,150
60,910
8,344,020
424,260
106,830
526,260
36,960
51,440
49,250
58,810
8,101,890
962,750
1,202,960
4,982,650
953,540
241,590
482,790
298,930
124,420
3,772,780
165,950
54,210
809,260
266,990
124,900
42,900
335,170
70,680
137,640
43,740
489,670
55,550
715,230
134,130
199,040
355,710
62,190
118,970
46,700
4,921,690
307,140
38,380
42,140
51,700
46,250
41,260
42,010
40,300
38,820
45,520
41,070
55,080
51,100
50,850
57,170
53,550
46,270
43,210
43,410
38,640
40,500
36,840
35,510
44,630
53,220
36,530
34,010
39,620
37,790
35,070
34,140
44,810
34,320
41,440
38,340
40,820
37,040
37,910
37,720
37,050
40,890
41,070
STEM occupations
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
3,570
1,880
D
22,450
6,150
18,690
790
1,140
3,440
1,160
D
59,030
D
182,350
49,450
9,180
23,530
11,700
3,330
155,030
3,680
1,550
34,310
31,590
3,050
650
10,260
2,130
2,080
1,340
36,240
1,070
36,010
5,080
5,630
11,050
2,690
5,410
1,240
195,840
12,060
5.5
3.1
D
5.3
5.8
3.6
2.1
2.2
7.0
2.0
D
6.1
D
3.7
5.2
3.8
4.9
3.9
2.7
4.1
2.2
2.9
4.2
11.8
2.4
1.5
3.1
3.0
1.5
3.1
7.4
1.9
5.0
3.8
2.8
3.1
4.3
4.5
2.7
4.0
3.9
75,780
63,020
81,470
72,690
79,250
68,390
69,300
61,360
84,960
66,590
87,350
88,970
80,170
87,500
89,740
84,360
74,950
75,080
72,740
76,150
70,400
63,940
78,650
86,470
69,550
61,970
73,300
62,800
62,390
72,610
76,130
58,970
75,650
71,770
72,950
62,430
58,940
60,060
61,540
72,520
70,420
4,840
2,650
414,280
32,560
7,820
26,270
1,210
1,540
4,830
1,670
443,200
78,890
48,460
250,050
65,800
13,180
32,320
16,700
4,410
207,610
5,250
1,900
47,200
40,260
3,980
900
14,020
2,730
3,100
1,810
48,030
1,530
48,570
7,020
7,730
16,090
3,760
7,820
1,820
259,350
16,100
7.4
4.4
5.0
7.7
7.3
5.0
3.3
3.0
9.8
2.8
5.5
8.2
4.0
5.0
6.9
5.5
6.7
5.6
3.5
5.5
3.2
3.5
5.8
15.1
3.2
2.1
4.2
3.9
2.3
4.1
9.8
2.8
6.8
5.2
3.9
4.5
6.0
6.6
3.9
5.3
5.2
72,070
64,130
82,080
70,820
76,920
66,460
66,190
60,190
77,710
66,790
89,870
90,580
78,970
90,840
93,390
85,100
73,480
72,070
70,280
76,430
65,350
66,650
79,860
89,010
66,060
59,670
73,610
61,950
60,830
73,460
76,310
58,170
72,880
70,640
72,240
58,960
57,630
56,900
57,680
71,790
69,450
Appendix table 3-4

All occupations
Geographic location
Canton-Massillon, OH
Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH
Columbus, OH
Dayton, OH
Lima, OH
Mansfield, OH
Parkersburg-Marietta-Vienna, WV-OH
Sandusky, OH
Springfield, OH
Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV
Toledo, OH
Wheeling, WV-OH
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA
Oklahoma
Fort Smith, AR-OK
Lawton, OK
Oklahoma City, OK
Tulsa, OK
Oregon
Bend, OR
Corvallis, OR
Eugene-Springfield, OR
Medford, OR
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA
Salem, OR
Pennsylvania
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ
Altoona, PA
Erie, PA
Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA
Johnstown, PA
Lancaster, PA
Lebanon, PA
S&E occupations
Number
Mean annual
wage ($)
157,260
963,290
968,160
885,440
359,280
107,860
49,550
49,450
65,750
34,170
46,920
41,570
282,870
62,460
213,870
1,483,760
115,020
41,720
551,240
407,030
1,569,700
59,110
32,770
135,590
73,590
962,050
142,650
5,483,220
327,390
57,240
124,250
305,050
55,200
221,580
46,040
8,101,890
962,750
1,202,960
4,982,650
953,540
2,619,360
36,490
42,640
42,830
43,740
42,410
35,490
38,040
36,660
35,830
34,600
37,110
34,090
39,470
33,280
36,230
36,940
33,470
34,840
39,170
38,800
43,550
39,620
47,120
40,900
39,440
46,970
40,560
43,050
42,390
34,350
36,800
43,100
35,470
39,120
38,300
55,080
51,100
50,850
57,170
53,550
48,820
STEM occupations
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
4,080
40,160
37,220
50,870
22,720
2,140
970
1,120
1,640
590
1,100
550
8,230
1,160
3,670
44,190
1,910
820
20,210
13,880
D
1,650
4,050
5,470
1,680
50,270
4,690
D
10,810
1,160
3,020
15,730
1,600
4,570
1,500
D
59,030
D
182,350
49,450
129,910
2.6
4.2
3.8
5.7
6.3
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.5
1.7
2.3
1.3
2.9
1.9
1.7
3.0
1.7
2.0
3.7
3.4
D
2.8
12.4
4.0
2.3
5.2
3.3
D
3.3
2.0
2.4
5.2
2.9
2.1
3.3
D
6.1
D
3.7
5.2
5.0
67,660
73,090
72,160
74,070
78,000
65,100
68,490
67,500
65,030
65,070
67,480
62,490
68,410
59,930
63,770
71,390
61,410
63,090
77,050
70,710
76,670
68,180
81,550
66,020
61,980
80,700
66,210
76,840
76,420
58,690
66,480
70,290
68,330
65,960
66,580
87,350
88,970
80,170
87,500
89,740
83,560
5,460
54,060
50,510
65,790
28,370
3,020
1,200
1,500
2,160
770
1,430
890
11,220
1,720
4,980
63,540
2,670
1,240
29,640
18,640
95,360
2,430
5,700
7,340
2,530
68,730
6,120
291,180
14,900
1,570
4,870
20,030
2,220
6,270
1,960
443,200
78,890
48,460
250,050
65,800
168,720
3.5
5.6
5.2
7.4
7.9
2.8
2.4
3.0
3.3
2.3
3.0
2.1
4.0
2.8
2.3
4.3
2.3
3.0
5.4
4.6
6.1
4.1
17.4
5.4
3.4
7.1
4.3
5.3
4.6
2.7
3.9
6.6
4.0
2.8
4.3
5.5
8.2
4.0
5.0
6.9
6.4
65,250
72,860
71,440
74,060
76,950
62,400
66,990
65,270
63,100
63,790
66,630
62,420
67,510
57,530
62,630
68,780
59,680
62,740
73,740
68,920
74,000
63,830
76,060
63,530
59,960
79,590
65,870
75,700
74,010
58,510
60,990
69,980
65,140
64,130
67,470
89,870
90,580
78,970
90,840
93,390
84,120
Appendix table 3-4

All occupations
Geographic location
Pittsburgh, PA
Reading, PA
Scranton--Wilkes-Barre, PA
State College, PA
Williamsport, PA
York-Hanover, PA
Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA
Rhode Island
Norwich-New London, CT-RI
Providence-Fall River-Warwick, RI-MA
South Carolina
Anderson, SC
Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC
Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville, SC
Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC
Columbia, SC
Florence, SC
Greenville-Mauldin-Easley, SC
Myrtle Beach-North Myrtle Beach-Conway, SC
Spartanburg, SC
Sumter, SC
South Dakota
Rapid City, SD
Sioux Falls, SD
Tennessee
Chattanooga, TN-GA
Clarksville, TN-KY
Cleveland, TN
Jackson, TN
Johnson City, TN
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA
Knoxville, TN
Memphis, TN-MS-AR
Morristown, TN
Nashville-Davidson--Murfreesboro--Franklin, TN
Texas
Abilene, TX
S&E occupations
Number
Mean annual
wage ($)
1,804,600
499,700
315,060
1,092,720
159,390
247,740
67,110
49,890
169,030
213,870
448,150
130,140
532,800
1,746,820
55,530
202,190
275,420
809,260
331,480
76,960
287,180
107,110
111,690
33,510
387,590
58,390
70,380
132,380
2,569,420
219,760
77,010
35,360
55,800
75,230
112,700
319,770
586,140
42,850
703,190
10,089,870
61,790
49,280
46,300
50,160
42,510
40,710
36,880
42,440
35,940
39,630
36,230
45,920
44,330
44,970
37,920
35,920
40,250
39,960
44,630
40,340
36,380
39,110
30,870
38,570
33,500
34,390
34,600
33,570
36,960
38,330
38,240
35,170
33,720
34,950
35,530
36,880
39,100
40,180
32,750
40,710
42,220
34,780
STEM occupations
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
93,760
17,690
18,460
49,030
4,300
6,610
3,590
1,180
4,180
3,670
18,210
6,980
19,780
56,230
1,020
8,080
10,500
34,310
13,380
1,840
11,940
1,240
2,740
670
11,150
1,580
1,160
4,130
71,850
6,270
1,970
620
910
2,040
3,320
11,890
14,710
480
21,290
451,390
1,220
5.2
3.5
5.9
4.5
2.7
2.7
5.3
2.4
2.5
1.7
4.1
5.4
3.7
3.2
1.8
4.0
3.8
4.2
4.0
2.4
4.2
1.2
2.5
2.0
2.9
2.7
1.6
3.1
2.8
2.9
2.6
1.8
1.6
2.7
2.9
3.7
2.5
1.1
3.0
4.5
2.0
84,310
80,660
82,580
73,230
71,550
68,450
89,990
60,610
69,770
63,770
81,830
83,680
80,940
68,420
66,970
78,160
68,800
78,650
65,750
60,830
70,420
55,740
65,390
58,720
58,790
59,490
59,370
59,470
69,650
68,050
66,740
61,510
58,530
64,090
69,260
76,130
72,120
57,300
65,600
83,590
57,080
120,330
23,810
24,580
65,740
6,250
8,620
4,570
1,710
6,210
4,980
24,200
11,480
26,480
80,090
1,780
11,170
15,040
47,200
18,400
2,760
16,610
1,840
3,880
1,100
15,010
2,120
1,660
5,160
100,290
9,160
2,870
940
1,290
2,940
4,360
16,450
20,650
650
29,600
613,550
1,720
6.7
4.8
7.8
6.0
3.9
3.5
6.8
3.4
3.7
2.3
5.4
8.8
5.0
4.6
3.2
5.5
5.5
5.8
5.6
3.6
5.8
1.7
3.5
3.3
3.9
3.6
2.4
3.9
3.9
4.2
3.7
2.7
2.3
3.9
3.9
5.1
3.5
1.5
4.2
6.1
2.8
84,730
80,500
84,650
71,720
69,960
66,660
84,010
59,020
65,540
62,630
80,420
80,330
79,420
66,900
64,090
74,730
66,760
79,860
65,670
59,340
69,790
57,000
64,060
54,770
55,280
55,650
57,900
58,040
67,870
65,600
63,790
60,920
57,690
61,790
67,650
72,260
71,710
55,880
65,190
80,690
55,940
Appendix table 3-4

All occupations
Geographic location
Amarillo, TX
Austin-Round Rock, TX
Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX
Brownsville-Harlingen, TX
College Station-Bryan, TX
Corpus Christi, TX
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX Metropolitan Statistical Area
Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX Metropolitan Division
El Paso, TX
Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX
Killeen-Temple-Fort Hood, TX
Laredo, TX
Longview, TX
Lubbock, TX
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX
Midland, TX
Odessa, TX
San Angelo, TX
San Antonio, TX
Sherman-Denison, TX
Texarkana-Texarkana, TX-AR
Tyler, TX
Victoria, TX
Waco, TX
Wichita Falls, TX
Utah
Logan, UT-ID
Ogden-Clearfield, UT
Provo-Orem, UT
St. George, UT
Salt Lake City, UT
Vermont
Burlington-South Burlington, VT
Virginia
Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, VA
Charlottesville, VA
Danville, VA
Harrisonburg, VA
Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA
Lynchburg, VA
S&E occupations
Number
Mean annual
wage ($)
107,730
759,910
155,120
123,680
92,510
173,880
2,832,560
2,001,860
830,710
267,860
2,497,880
123,410
84,650
91,840
122,250
219,570
64,210
56,920
42,530
832,320
40,500
52,550
90,320
46,510
98,870
55,940
1,148,520
47,730
190,210
167,780
45,150
591,940
286,990
108,520
3,527,350
61,390
90,270
36,760
57,510
112,700
97,650
37,730
46,130
39,740
31,720
39,290
36,100
45,530
46,860
42,350
35,120
46,290
36,900
33,580
37,080
36,150
32,470
43,180
39,340
35,460
39,410
36,360
36,410
36,870
36,400
36,680
34,650
40,120
34,750
38,270
38,830
34,160
42,570
42,030
45,720
47,840
38,630
45,340
34,620
36,840
36,880
36,360
STEM occupations
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
2,950
60,600
4,140
1,130
8,110
4,150
151,090
115,340
35,740
5,670
135,170
4,000
1,430
1,850
3,160
2,380
2,640
1,080
1,420
32,760
710
790
2,490
860
2,470
770
50,830
2,010
6,980
8,820
640
29,600
12,670
7,320
255,800
4,340
5,480
490
1,620
3,320
3,030
2.7
8.0
2.7
0.9
8.8
2.4
5.3
5.8
4.3
2.1
5.4
3.2
1.7
2.0
2.6
1.1
4.1
1.9
3.3
3.9
1.8
1.5
2.8
1.8
2.5
1.4
4.4
4.2
3.7
5.3
1.4
5.0
4.4
6.7
7.3
7.1
6.1
1.3
2.8
2.9
3.1
72,870
83,350
84,540
57,610
64,030
70,310
83,920
85,070
80,220
66,610
92,440
73,740
60,820
69,980
75,940
61,740
99,510
78,730
61,570
73,330
70,830
66,060
65,870
77,990
66,060
67,700
70,080
67,070
74,520
63,500
56,210
71,430
74,510
78,810
88,750
71,630
71,340
65,180
66,120
69,260
71,820
4,260
79,210
7,100
1,760
10,230
6,380
198,860
150,490
48,370
8,510
184,640
5,560
1,920
3,010
4,200
3,780
4,210
1,590
1,920
42,180
1,380
1,060
3,600
1,480
3,560
1,280
70,300
2,830
9,450
11,930
1,030
40,160
16,690
9,730
315,320
5,440
6,480
660
2,050
4,360
4,770
4.0
10.4
4.6
1.4
11.1
3.7
7.0
7.5
5.8
3.2
7.4
4.5
2.3
3.3
3.4
1.7
6.6
2.8
4.5
5.1
3.4
2.0
4.0
3.2
3.6
2.3
6.1
5.9
5.0
7.1
2.3
6.8
5.8
9.0
8.9
8.9
7.2
1.8
3.6
3.9
4.9
68,450
82,160
74,100
53,660
60,910
63,530
82,740
84,440
77,460
61,210
88,750
70,860
57,860
64,240
70,140
57,100
91,780
73,350
58,470
71,690
66,850
62,910
62,810
69,390
62,460
60,250
68,380
61,400
70,920
63,260
52,170
70,950
72,810
77,490
88,240
67,950
71,310
61,390
65,150
67,650
69,010
Appendix table 3-4

All occupations
Geographic location
Richmond, VA
Roanoke, VA
Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC
Winchester, VA-WV
Washington
Bellingham, WA
Bremerton-Silverdale, WA
Kennewick-Pasco-Richland, WA
Lewiston, ID-WA
Longview, WA
Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA
Olympia, WA
Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA
Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA Metropolitan Statistical Area
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA Metropolitan Division
Tacoma, WA Metropolitan Division
Spokane, WA
Wenatchee, WA
Yakima, WA
West Virginia
Charleston, WV
Cumberland, MD-WV
Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV
Morgantown, WV
Parkersburg-Marietta-Vienna, WV-OH
Steubenville-Weirton, OH-WV
Wheeling, WV-OH
Winchester, VA-WV
Wisconsin
Appleton, WI
S&E occupations
Number
Mean annual
wage ($)
582,040
147,380
715,230
2,840,740
551,550
2,289,200
50,650
2,693,220
73,420
79,200
96,390
23,650
33,820
41,940
93,910
962,050
1,601,010
1,346,300
254,710
196,880
38,770
79,040
688,170
141,360
37,400
92,760
107,860
57,710
65,750
41,570
2,840,740
551,550
2,289,200
62,460
50,650
2,608,740
112,580
4,169,840
3,542,180
258,120
369,540
44,540
37,980
41,440
61,530
58,360
62,300
40,090
48,940
41,430
46,670
47,650
37,140
42,430
41,870
46,150
46,970
53,180
54,610
45,620
42,100
38,600
38,230
35,370
37,950
37,410
38,760
35,490
36,970
35,830
34,090
61,530
58,360
62,300
33,280
40,090
40,980
39,410
48,490
49,140
39,680
48,520
STEM occupations
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
28,050
3,900
36,010
298,180
54,820
243,350
1,240
186,210
2,550
4,680
8,830
670
760
1,360
7,870
50,270
138,350
131,130
7,220
6,700
900
1,440
17,070
3,550
920
2,840
2,140
2,470
1,640
550
298,180
54,820
243,350
1,160
1,240
99,240
3,180
155,760
131,980
4,750
19,040
4.8
2.6
5.0
10.5
9.9
10.6
2.4
6.9
3.5
5.9
9.2
2.8
2.2
3.2
8.4
5.2
8.6
9.7
2.8
3.4
2.3
1.8
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.1
2.0
4.3
2.5
1.3
10.5
9.9
10.6
1.9
2.4
3.8
2.8
3.7
3.7
1.8
5.2
75,670
62,930
75,650
95,560
93,780
95,960
72,750
83,650
75,490
80,800
87,120
51,980
67,060
74,880
70,130
80,700
86,890
87,670
72,710
64,510
62,940
64,010
64,170
59,520
66,830
72,120
65,100
70,330
65,030
62,490
95,560
93,780
95,960
59,930
72,750
69,020
68,290
78,900
78,860
68,770
81,700
35,340
5,140
48,570
360,580
68,860
291,730
1,680
240,530
3,240
6,770
12,100
950
1,040
1,940
9,640
68,730
174,920
164,980
9,940
8,840
1,460
2,080
25,620
5,850
1,210
3,500
3,020
3,560
2,160
890
360,580
68,860
291,730
1,720
1,680
135,190
4,660
214,310
182,380
6,800
25,130
6.1
3.5
6.8
12.7
12.5
12.7
3.3
8.9
4.4
8.5
12.6
4.0
3.1
4.6
10.3
7.1
10.9
12.3
3.9
4.5
3.8
2.6
3.7
4.1
3.2
3.8
2.8
6.2
3.3
2.1
12.7
12.5
12.7
2.8
3.3
5.2
4.1
5.1
5.1
2.6
6.8
75,670
63,130
72,880
96,290
93,690
96,900
70,990
83,340
73,570
79,080
85,230
51,070
64,900
71,620
71,280
79,590
87,500
88,480
71,090
63,950
57,040
60,710
59,990
54,610
65,170
71,600
62,400
66,770
63,100
62,420
96,290
93,690
96,900
57,530
70,990
68,380
65,590
79,000
78,970
67,600
82,270
Appendix table 3-4

All occupations
Geographic location
Duluth, MN-WI
Eau Claire, WI
Fond du Lac, WI
Green Bay, WI
Janesville, WI
La Crosse, WI-MN
Madison, WI
Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI
Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI
Oshkosh-Neenah, WI
Racine, WI
Sheboygan, WI
Wausau, WI
Wyoming
Casper, WY
Cheyenne, WY
Puerto Rico
Aguadilla-Isabela-San Sebastian, PR
Fajardo, PR
Guayama, PR
Mayaguez, PR
Ponce, PR
San German-Cabo Rojo, PR
San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo, PR
Yauco, PR
Number
121,870
75,440
41,310
162,460
59,830
69,590
323,170
784,970
1,678,090
85,700
70,750
55,290
64,200
269,910
37,450
41,030
950,570
41,700
12,840
13,890
30,550
53,670
19,410
743,410
11,290
39,120
37,110
38,450
40,390
38,330
39,710
45,330
45,010
49,140
40,430
38,150
39,340
38,430
41,510
42,360
40,700
26,870
22,960
24,370
28,470
24,400
24,340
22,620
27,550
22,610
D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information

NECTA = New England City and Town Area; STEM = science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
NOTE: Statistical areas that cross state lines are shown in all relevant states; state totals may not add to detail for this reason.
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Employment Statistics Survey (May 2010)
S&E occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
STEM occupations
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
Number
Percent of all
occupations
Mean annual
wage ($)
3,930
2,600
1,260
5,640
1,230
2,670
D
35,800
99,380
2,890
1,510
1,700
1,920
8,260
1,120
1,550
20,850
670
D
590
D
940
240
17,290
D
3.2
3.4
3.1
3.5
2.1
3.8
D
4.6
5.9
3.4
2.1
3.1
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.8
2.2
1.6
D
4.2
D
1.8
1.2
2.3
D
64,810
62,270
65,030
66,150
64,210
66,850
70,300
72,550
78,040
64,770
67,260
74,680
62,800
66,880
69,870
62,680
50,130
45,590
49,260
61,610
D
47,590
D
50,230
D
5,510
3,730
1,880
7,870
1,620
3,660
30,130
47,670
132,040
4,260
2,190
2,630
2,780
12,310
1,480
2,110
31,250
940
240
790
870
1,440
360
26,030
40
4.5
4.9
4.6
4.8
2.7
5.3
9.3
6.1
7.9
5.0
3.1
4.8
4.3
4.6
4.0
5.1
3.3
2.3
1.9
5.7
2.8
2.7
1.9
3.5
0.4
63,180
62,900
63,350
65,940
63,920
66,200
70,700
72,440
79,380
65,150
66,340
71,780
61,960
61,320
66,170
62,160
48,030
42,350
D
62,740
D
42,820
D
48,280
44,760
Appendix table 3-5

Employment sector of S&E highest degree holders and S&E doctorate holders: 2008
Percent
Education
Business/industry
Highest degree field and level

All S&E highest degree holders
Computer/mathematical sciences
Biological/agricultural/environmental life sciences
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
4-year
institutions
8.3
7.2
15.2
14.9
7.4
4.1
2-year and
precollege
institutions
7.2
6.3
7.0
6.3
11.7
1.0
S&E doctorate holders

Computer/mathematical sciences
Biological/agricultural/environmental life sciences
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
40.5
49.0
46.3
34.7
46.5
25.7
3.1
2.6
3.1
3.2
4.8
0.9
Government
Federal
State/local
5.3
7.9
4.2
4.1
6.2
8.9
6.4
6.7
5.1
10.9
5.4
5.7
6.3
3.7
8.2
6.8
5.3
5.5
2.9
0.8
2.8
2.3
4.7
1.9
Self-employed,
Nonprofit
unincorporated
businesses organizations
5.5
6.9
3.3
4.7
6.5
9.5
5.7
5.3
7.4
10.2
3.5
1.8
6.2
3.4
3.5
3.7
12.9
4.4
6.2
3.3
8.3
4.9
8.2
2.9
For-profit
businesses
58.9
70.3
46.6
54.8
47.3
78.5
34.8
37.3
27.7
44.3
17.7
58.7
NOTE: Scientists and engineers refers to all persons who work in an S&E occupation or who received a bachelor's degree or higher in an S&E degree field in 199399 or an
S&E or S&E-related field in 200308.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT) (19932008),
http://sestat.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 3-6

Primary reason for scientists and engineers to participate in work-related training, by labor force status: 2008
Reason
All scientists and engineers engaged in work-related training (n )
All reasons
To improve skills or knowledge in current occupational field
To increase opportunities for promotion/advancement in current occupational field
For licensure/certification in current occupational field
To facilitate change to different occupational field
Required or expected by employer
For leisure or personal interest
Other reason
Total
13,430,000
Employed
12,793,000
100.0
53.2
5.8
23.5
1.6
13.6
1.8
0.5
100.0
54.3
5.9
23.1
1.2
13.7
1.5
0.3
Labor force status

Unemployed Not in labor force
192,000
445,000
100.0
32.7
8.2
25.7
12.6
13.5
3.9
3.4
100.0
31.6
3.0
34.7
6.3
11.1
10.5
2.8
NOTES: Scientists and engineers include those with one or more S&E or S&E-related degrees at bachelors level or higher or who have a non-S&E degree at bachelors
level or higher and were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2008. Unemployed individuals are those not working, but who have looked for a job in the
preceeding 4 weeks. Question not asked of those who never worked. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
Appendix table 3-7

Scientists and engineers participating in work-related training, by
employment status, highest degree level, and sex: 2008
(Percent)
Employment status and highest
degree level
All scientists and engineers
Employed
Bachelor's
Master's
Professional
Doctorate
Unemployed
Bachelor's
Master's
Professional
Doctorate
Not in labor force
Bachelor's
Master's
Professional
Doctorate
Total
57.8
66.5
63.1
69.9
82.8
51.8
31.8
29.8
33.2
50.8
25.7
13.1
11.3
15.2
22.2
10.6
Female
61.4
72.1
68.2
77.3
83.5
61.9
35.9
32.7
39.8
53.2
38.0
15.9
13.4
21.2
18.6
14.6
Male
54.7
62.0
58.9
63.0
82.5
46.9
28.1
27.1
27.1
48.7
20.5
9.9
8.6
8.7
24.0
8.8
NOTES: Scientists and engineers include those with one or more S&E or S&E-related
degrees at bachelors level or higher or who have a non-S&E degree at bachelors level or
higher and were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. Total excludes
scientists and engineers who never worked. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT) (2008),
Appendix table 3-8

Alternate rates of labor underutilization for S&E, STEM, and all occupations: March 2008September 2011
(Percent)
U1
Date
March 2008
April 2008
May 2008
June 2008
July 2008
August 2008
September 2008
October 2008
November 2008
December 2008
January 2009
February 2009
March 2009
April 2009
May 2009
June 2009
July 2009
August 2009
September 2009
October 2009
November 2009
December 2009
January 2010
February 2010
March 2010
April 2010
May 2010
June 2010
July 2010
August 2010
September 2010
October 2010
November 2010
December 2010
January 2011
February 2011
March 2011
April 2011
May 2011
June 2011
U2
All
occupations
STEM
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.3
3.7
4.1
4.4
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.1
5.3
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.9
6.1
6.3
6.2
6.0
5.7
5.5
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.6
5.5
5.4
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.0
0.9
1.1
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.7
2.0
2.2
2.6
2.8
3.2
3.4
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.2
3.4
3.7
4.1
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.5
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.5
3.4
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.6
2.5
U3
S&E
All
occupations
STEM
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.9
2.2
2.5
2.8
3.0
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.0
2.7
2.7
2.9
3.1
2.9
2.9
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.8
2.6
2.2
1.8
1.4
1.4
1.6
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.9
4.6
5.4
5.9
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.2
6.5
6.8
6.9
6.6
6.2
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.6
5.7
6.0
6.1
6.0
5.7
5.4
5.2
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
2.0
2.3
2.6
2.9
3.5
3.9
4.1
4.1
4.2
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.5
4.3
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.6
4.4
4.1
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.8
U4
S&E
All
occupations
STEM
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.6
1.9
2.1
2.4
3.0
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.9
4.1
4.4
4.5
4.4
3.9
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.1
2.6
2.3
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.8
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.4
5.8
6.1
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.7
7.5
8.3
8.9
9.0
9.0
9.3
9.6
9.8
9.7
9.6
9.5
9.6
10.0
10.3
10.5
10.1
9.8
9.6
9.7
9.7
9.6
9.3
9.2
9.2
9.5
9.5
9.5
9.2
8.9
9.0
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.5
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.6
4.2
4.8
5.0
5.1
5.3
5.7
5.8
6.0
5.7
5.4
5.0
5.4
5.8
6.1
5.8
5.5
5.1
5.0
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.8
4.9
4.6
4.4
4.3
4.1
4.0
3.9
U5
S&E
All
occupations
STEM
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.0
2.2
2.5
2.9
2.8
3.1
3.6
4.2
4.3
4.5
4.7
5.0
5.1
5.5
5.6
5.4
4.7
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.1
3.7
3.3
2.8
2.5
2.3
2.5
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.6
6.0
6.3
6.4
6.4
6.6
7.0
7.9
8.7
9.3
9.4
9.5
9.7
10.1
10.2
10.1
10.0
10.0
10.1
10.5
10.9
11.1
10.8
10.4
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.3
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.2
10.2
10.1
9.7
9.4
9.5
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.5
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.6
4.2
4.8
5.0
5.2
5.3
5.7
5.8
6.0
5.7
5.4
5.1
5.4
5.8
6.1
5.8
5.5
5.1
5.0
4.7
4.6
4.6
4.8
4.9
4.6
4.4
4.3
4.1
4.0
4.0
U6
S&E
All
occupations
STEM
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.5
2.9
2.8
3.1
3.6
4.2
4.3
4.5
4.7
5.0
5.1
5.5
5.6
5.4
4.8
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.1
3.7
3.3
2.8
2.5
2.3
2.5
6.3
6.0
6.0
6.2
6.7
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.3
7.7
8.6
9.5
10.1
10.1
10.2
10.5
10.9
11.0
10.9
10.9
10.8
11.0
11.3
11.7
11.8
11.5
11.1
10.9
11.0
11.1
11.0
10.8
10.7
10.7
10.9
11.1
11.0
10.6
10.2
10.3
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.6
3.0
3.3
3.3
3.6
4.2
4.9
5.0
5.2
5.3
5.7
5.8
6.0
5.7
5.5
5.1
5.5
5.8
6.2
5.8
5.5
5.2
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.6
4.8
4.9
4.6
4.5
4.3
4.1
4.0
4.0
S&E
All
occupations
STEM
S&E
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.5
2.9
2.8
3.1
3.6
4.3
4.3
4.5
4.7
5.0
5.2
5.5
5.6
5.4
4.8
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.2
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.2
3.7
3.3
2.8
2.5
2.3
2.5
9.6
9.3
9.3
9.6
10.2
10.7
10.8
10.9
11.3
12.3
13.8
15.1
16.0
15.9
15.9
16.1
16.6
16.8
16.5
16.3
16.3
16.7
17.2
17.7
17.8
17.3
16.8
16.5
16.6
16.7
16.5
16.2
16.2
16.3
16.7
16.9
16.7
16.1
15.7
15.8
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.5
4.0
4.3
4.4
4.8
5.4
6.2
6.6
6.9
7.2
7.5
7.5
7.7
7.3
7.0
6.6
7.0
7.4
7.7
7.4
7.0
6.8
6.7
6.4
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.1
5.8
5.6
5.5
5.3
5.0
5.0
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.9
3.1
3.4
3.4
3.9
4.6
5.4
5.7
5.9
6.3
6.5
6.8
7.0
7.0
6.6
5.9
5.6
5.8
6.0
6.0
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.4
4.9
4.4
3.8
3.5
3.2
3.3
Appendix table 3-8

Alternate rates of labor underutilization for S&E, STEM, and all occupations: March 2008September 2011
(Percent)
U1
Date
July 2011
August 2011
September 2011
U2
All
occupations
STEM
5.3
5.2
5.2
2.7
2.8
2.8
U3
S&E
All
occupations
STEM
2.0
2.5
2.6
5.2
5.2
5.1
2.9
2.8
2.9
U4
S&E
All
occupations
STEM
2.2
2.5
2.6
9.2
9.4
9.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
U5
S&E
All
occupations
STEM
3.0
3.6
3.8
9.8
10.0
9.8
4.2
4.2
4.2
U6
S&E
All
occupations
STEM
3.1
3.7
3.8
10.7
10.8
10.6
4.2
4.2
4.2
S&E
All
occupations
STEM
S&E
3.1
3.7
3.8
16.1
16.3
16.1
5.2
5.3
5.5
3.9
4.6
5.0
STEM = science, technology, engineering, and mathematics

NOTES: Estimates not seasonally adjusted. Estimates made from pooled microrecords of Current Population Survey and, while similar, are not same as 3-month moving average. See table 3-16 for definitions of rates U1U6.
SOURCE: Current Population Survey, Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), March 2008September 2011.
Appendix table 3-9

Workers in S&E occupations, by sex and occupation: 2008
Female
Occupation
Other computer information science occupations
Mathematicians
Statisticians
Postsecondary teacherscomputer science teachers
Other biological, agricultural, or life scientists
Postsecondary teachersagriculture teachers
Postsecondary teachersbiological sciences teachers
Postsecondary teachersother natural sciences teachers
Oceanographers
Astronomers
Physicists
Postsecondary teacherschemistry teachers
Postsecondary teachersearth, environmental, and marine
sciences teachers
Postsecondary teachersphysics teachers
Economists
Anthropologists
Sociologists
Postsecondary teacherseconomics teachers
Postsecondary teacherspolitical science teachers
Total
4,874,000
1,970,000
1,778,000
45,000
193,000
434,000
100,000
178,000
88,000
145,000
594,000
107,000
6,000
57,000
39,000
6,000
84,000
22,000
62,000
498,000
62,000
331,000
45,000
128,000
124,000
34,000
35,000
70,000
8,000
59,000
3,000
322,000
129,000
78,000
15,000
59,000
4,000
27,000
3,000
25,000
35,000
54,000
24,000
Number
1,308,000
518,000
441,000
11,000
60,000
144,000
32,000
26,000
21,000
50,000
96,000
48,000
1,000
24,000
20,000
4,000
29,000
6,000
23,000
224,000
20,000
168,000
18,000
65,000
64,000
21,000
7,000
29,000
3,000
26,000
S
96,000
46,000
17,000
2,000
13,000
1,000
3,000
1,000
3,000
14,000
16,000
7,000
Male
Percent
26.8
26.3
24.8
23.5
31.1
33.3
31.8
14.7
24.2
34.5
16.1
45.1
22.0
41.4
51.6
60.5
34.6
26.6
37.4
45.0
32.3
50.6
39.9
50.8
51.6
60.3
20.3
42.2
37.4
44.0
S
29.7
35.6
21.4
15.0
21.9
38.1
11.4
22.2
10.3
40.7
29.8
29.3
Number
3,566,000
1,452,000
1,338,000
35,000
133,000
289,000
68,000
152,000
67,000
95,000
498,000
59,000
5,000
33,000
19,000
2,000
55,000
16,000
39,000
274,000
42,000
164,000
27,000
63,000
60,000
14,000
28,000
40,000
5,000
33,000
2,000
226,000
83,000
61,000
12,000
46,000
2,000
24,000
2,000
22,000
21,000
38,000
17,000
Percent
73.2
73.7
75.2
76.5
68.9
66.7
68.2
85.3
75.8
65.5
83.9
54.9
78.0
58.6
48.4
39.5
65.4
73.4
62.6
55.0
67.7
49.4
60.1
49.2
48.4
39.7
79.7
57.8
62.6
56.0
84.4
70.3
64.4
78.6
85.0
78.1
61.9
88.6
77.8
89.7
59.3
70.2
70.7
15,000
7,000
44.8
8,000
55.2
15,000
502,000
29,000
17,000
185,000
21,000
11,000
10,000
134,000
116,000
18,000
15,000
2,000
266,000
9,000
11,000
125,000
13,000
5,000
7,000
57,000
51,000
6,000
4,000
15.7
52.9
32.1
61.0
67.5
61.5
48.3
76.5
42.2
44.3
31.5
29.6
13,000
237,000
20,000
7,000
60,000
8,000
6,000
2,000
78,000
64,000
12,000
10,000
84.3
47.1
67.9
39.0
32.5
38.5
51.7
23.5
57.8
55.7
68.5
70.4
Appendix table 3-9

Workers in S&E occupations, by sex and occupation: 2008
Female
Occupation
Postsecondary teacherspsychology teachers
Postsecondary teacherssociology teachers
Postsecondary teachersother social sciences teachers
Engineers
Chemical engineers
Nuclear engineers
Petroleum engineers
Sales engineers
Other engineers
Postsecondary teachersengineering teachers
Total
33,000
18,000
33,000
1,582,000
100,000
7,000
28,000
77,000
258,000
399,000
53,000
346,000
86,000
93,000
12,000
46,000
300,000
7,000
17,000
19,000
49,000
48,000
35,000
Number
16,000
8,000
17,000
204,000
10,000
1,000
8,000
16,000
38,000
43,000
10,000
33,000
19,000
12,000
1,000
9,000
23,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
5,000
8,000
6,000
Male
Percent
49.1
46.5
51.7
12.9
10.2
16.5
28.3
20.5
14.6
10.9
18.8
9.7
22.7
13.3
5.1
18.9
7.5
13.4
14.1
7.3
11.1
17.3
16.3
Number
17,000
10,000
16,000
1,378,000
90,000
6,000
20,000
61,000
220,000
355,000
43,000
312,000
66,000
81,000
11,000
37,000
278,000
6,000
15,000
18,000
44,000
40,000
29,000
Percent
50.9
53.5
48.3
87.1
89.8
83.5
71.7
79.5
85.4
89.1
81.2
90.3
77.3
86.7
94.9
81.1
92.5
86.6
85.9
92.7
88.9
82.7
83.7
S = suppressed due to reasons of confidentiality and/or reliability

NOTES: Numbers rounded to nearest 1,000. Percentages based on unrounded data.
Appendix table 3-10

Race/ethnicity of individuals in S&E occupations, by sex and broad occupation: 2008
(Percent)
All S&E occupations
Race/ethnicity
Asian
Black
Hispanic
White
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
Two or more races
Total
16.9
0.3
3.9
4.9
71.8
0.4
1.7
Female
18.0
0.4
5.8
5.3
68.3
0.4
1.9
Male
16.5
0.3
3.2
4.8
73.1
0.4
1.6
Computer/
mathematical scientists
Biological/agricultural/
other life scientists
Total
21.5
0.3
4.9
4.2
67.2
0.4
1.6
Total
16.0
0.7
2.8
5.6
73.1
0.1
1.7
Female
22.1
0.3
8.0
3.6
64.1
0.5
1.6
Male
21.3
0.3
3.8
4.4
68.3
0.4
1.5
Female
17.9
0.4
2.9
5.7
71.3
0.1
1.7
Male
14.5
1.0
2.7
5.5
74.6
0.1
1.7
Physical scientists
Total
13.4
0.3
2.7
4.5
76.8
0.3
2.0
Female
18.1
0.7
3.7
5.6
70.2
0.0
1.9
Social scientists
Male
11.4
0.2
2.3
4.0
79.6
0.4
2.0
Total
6.3
0.7
4.5
5.2
80.9
0.4
1.9
Female
6.7
0.4
4.9
6.6
79.0
0.4
1.9
Engineers
Male
5.9
1.0
4.1
3.7
83.1
0.3
1.9
Total
15.6
0.2
3.1
5.6
73.4
0.6
1.6
Female
22.6
0.5
5.4
7.3
60.9
0.5
2.7
Male
14.5
0.2
2.7
5.3
75.2
0.6
1.5
Appendix table 3-11

Employed S&E highest degree holders, by sex and field of degree: 2008
(Percent)
Female
Highest degree field
All S&E degrees
Computer and mathematical sciences
Computer and information sciences
Computer science
Computer systems analysis
Information services and systems
Other computer and information sciences
Mathematics and statistics
Applied mathematics
Mathematics, general
Operations research
Statistics
Other mathematics
Biological, agricultural, and environmental life sciences
Agricultural and food sciences
Animal sciences
Food sciences and technology
Plant sciences
Other agricultural sciences
Biological sciences
Biochemistry and biophysics
Biology, general
Botany
Cell and molecular biology
Ecology
Genetics, animal and plant
Microbiological sciences and immunology
Nutritional sciences
Pharmacology, human and animal
Physiology and pathology, human and animal
Zoology, general
Other biological sciences
Environmental life sciences
Environmental science or studies
Forestry sciences
Physical sciences
Chemistry, except biochemistry
Atmospheric sciences and meteorology
Earth sciences
Geology
Geological sciences, other
Oceanography
Physics and astronomy
Astronomy and astrophysics
Physics
Social sciences
Economics
Agricultural economics
Economics
Political and related sciences
Public policy studies
International relations
Political science and government
Total
10,216,000
1,651,000
1,159,000
205,000
651,000
35,000
191,000
77,000
492,000
92,000
289,000
29,000
50,000
32,000
1,569,000
266,000
110,000
32,000
75,000
49,000
1,125,000
101,000
507,000
26,000
60,000
57,000
18,000
92,000
36,000
20,000
43,000
64,000
103,000
178,000
111,000
67,000
665,000
306,000
168,000
22,000
17,000
99,000
21,000
10,000
150,000
10,000
141,000
40,000
3,878,000
580,000
88,000
493,000
705,000
49,000
110,000
547,000
Number
3,827,000
507,000
317,000
60,000
162,000
10,000
66,000
20,000
190,000
34,000
118,000
8,000
20,000
10,000
724,000
98,000
49,000
19,000
22,000
9,000
567,000
44,000
264,000
12,000
29,000
25,000
8,000
49,000
34,000
7,000
18,000
27,000
50,000
59,000
51,000
8,000
183,000
107,000
38,000
3,000
6,000
22,000
6,000
2,000
23,000
2,000
21,000
16,000
2,094,000
155,000
14,000
140,000
283,000
26,000
56,000
201,000
Male
Percent
37.5
30.7
27.4
29.1
24.9
28.0
34.5
25.9
38.6
37.5
40.9
28.0
39.4
30.2
46.1
37.0
44.1
58.9
29.0
18.9
50.4
43.2
52.2
45.2
48.3
43.8
47.7
52.8
95.1
35.7
41.1
43.0
48.9
32.9
45.9
11.7
27.5
34.8
22.5
13.3
34.0
22.1
27.2
17.7
15.1
20.6
14.8
39.0
54.0
26.6
16.4
28.4
40.1
52.9
50.9
36.8
Number
6,389,000
1,144,000
841,000
145,000
489,000
25,000
125,000
57,000
302,000
57,000
171,000
21,000
31,000
22,000
845,000
168,000
62,000
13,000
53,000
40,000
558,000
57,000
242,000
14,000
31,000
32,000
9,000
43,000
2,000
13,000
25,000
36,000
52,000
119,000
60,000
60,000
482,000
199,000
130,000
19,000
11,000
77,000
15,000
8,000
128,000
8,000
120,000
24,000
1,785,000
426,000
73,000
353,000
423,000
23,000
54,000
346,000
Percent
62.5
69.3
72.6
70.9
75.1
72.0
65.5
74.1
61.4
62.5
59.1
72.0
60.6
69.8
53.9
63.0
55.9
41.1
71.0
81.1
49.6
56.8
47.8
54.8
51.7
56.2
52.3
47.2
4.9
64.3
58.9
57.0
51.1
67.1
54.1
88.3
72.5
65.2
77.5
86.7
66.0
77.9
72.8
82.3
84.9
79.4
85.2
61.0
46.0
73.4
83.6
71.6
59.9
47.1
49.1
63.2
Appendix table 3-11

Employed S&E highest degree holders, by sex and field of degree: 2008
(Percent)
Female
Psychology
Educational psychology
Clinical psychology
Counseling psychology
Experimental psychology
General psychology
Industrial/organizational psychology
Social psychology
Other psychology
Sociology and anthropology
Anthropology and archaeology
Criminology
Sociology
Area and ethnic studies
Linguistics
Philosophy of science
Geography
History of science
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
Agricultural engineering
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering
Chemical engineering
Civil and architectural engineering
Architectural engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical and computer engineering
Computer and systems engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Engineering sciences, mechanics, and physics
Environmental engineering
Engineering, general
Geophysical and geological engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials engineering, including ceramics and textiles
Mechanical engineering
Metallurgical engineering
Mining and minerals engineering
Naval architecture and marine engineering
Nuclear engineering
Petroleum engineering
Other engineering
Total
1,414,000
96,000
119,000
244,000
33,000
712,000
42,000
35,000
132,000
763,000
125,000
68,000
571,000
416,000
95,000
29,000
17,000
109,000
18,000
149,000
2,453,000
81,000
23,000
34,000
165,000
397,000
37,000
360,000
808,000
175,000
633,000
34,000
44,000
41,000
4,000
139,000
43,000
500,000
17,000
13,000
12,000
13,000
17,000
66,000
Number
977,000
73,000
74,000
178,000
16,000
502,000
25,000
21,000
89,000
462,000
80,000
23,000
359,000
217,000
59,000
21,000
3,000
37,000
6,000
91,000
319,000
6,000
2,000
13,000
38,000
55,000
6,000
49,000
93,000
28,000
65,000
4,000
9,000
4,000
1,000
29,000
9,000
39,000
2,000
S
S
2,000
1,000
11,000
Male
Percent
69.1
75.6
62.0
72.7
49.4
70.5
57.9
59.7
67.9
60.5
64.1
33.7
62.9
52.2
62.7
72.1
20.3
33.4
34.7
61.2
13.0
8.0
7.3
37.5
23.2
13.8
15.5
13.6
11.6
16.2
10.3
13.0
20.3
10.6
17.2
20.6
21.5
7.9
11.1
S
S
12.0
4.8
17.1
Number
436,000
24,000
45,000
67,000
17,000
210,000
18,000
14,000
42,000
301,000
45,000
45,000
212,000
199,000
35,000
8,000
13,000
73,000
12,000
58,000
2,134,000
75,000
21,000
21,000
127,000
342,000
32,000
311,000
715,000
146,000
568,000
30,000
35,000
37,000
3,000
111,000
33,000
460,000
15,000
13,000
12,000
12,000
16,000
55,000
Percent
30.9
24.4
38.0
27.3
50.6
29.5
42.1
40.3
32.1
39.5
35.9
66.3
37.1
47.8
37.3
27.9
79.7
66.6
65.3
38.8
87.0
92.0
92.7
62.5
76.8
86.2
84.5
86.4
88.4
83.8
89.7
87.0
79.7
89.4
82.8
79.4
78.5
92.1
88.9
97.6
98.6
88.0
95.2
82.9
S = suppressed for reasons of confidentiality and/or reliability

NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Numbers rounded to nearest 1,000. Percentages based on unrounded data.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data
System (SESTAT) (2008), http://sestat.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 3-12

Employed S&E highest degree holders, by sex, race/ethnicity, degree level, field of highest degree, and broad occupation
category: 2008
(Percent)
Occupation
Sex, race/ethnicity, degree level, and field
All employed S&E highest degree holders
Female
All degree levels
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Bachelor's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Master's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Doctorate
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Male
All degree levels
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Bachelor's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Master's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Doctorate
All fields
S&E
38.0
S&E but out of field

8.4
S&E-related
12.6
Non-S&E
49.4
26.0
46.6
28.0
50.0
12.8
62.4
5.4
2.4
6.4
17.3
3.2
15.6
14.7
16.7
32.7
17.0
8.6
9.4
59.2
36.7
39.3
33.0
78.6
28.3
18.5
39.4
20.0
41.9
6.3
57.0
4.7
2.0
5.5
16.6
3.3
12.1
15.6
17.8
35.1
18.5
8.8
9.8
65.9
42.8
44.9
39.7
84.9
33.1
38.8
62.5
40.4
58.3
21.9
69.9
6.7
3.2
10.8
14.3
2.7
21.7
13.5
14.9
31.2
18.9
9.2
8.9
47.7
22.5
28.4
22.8
68.9
21.3
73.5
85.2
70.2
76.4
72.2
84.2
9.1
6.1
7.4
25.3
4.3
21.4
9.0
3.6
16.8
7.2
4.4
6.5
17.4
11.2
13.1
16.4
23.3
9.3
45.1
60.5
32.5
55.9
15.3
64.5
10.2
3.9
9.9
21.4
6.8
14.3
11.3
14.6
19.6
12.1
6.7
9.9
43.6
24.9
47.8
32.0
78.0
25.6
38.1
57.2
21.6
44.8
9.0
60.4
9.2
3.2
10.0
21.1
6.7
12.4
11.4
15.5
20.3
12.5
6.4
10.1
50.5
27.3
58.1
42.7
84.6
29.5
58.3
65.4
50.8
60.7
25.6
73.1
13.0
5.1
11.4
22.0
7.5
19.2
11.5
13.8
16.4
16.2
9.2
9.5
30.2
20.7
32.7
23.1
65.2
17.4
74.3
83.5
12.9
6.8
9.7
4.2
16.0
12.3
Appendix table 3-12

category: 2008
(Percent)
Occupation
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Asians
All degree levels
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Bachelor's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Master's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Doctorate
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
All degree levels
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Bachelor's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Master's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
S&E
66.5
78.6
68.9
79.5

8.3
21.7
6.4
17.6
S&E-related
19.3
7.8
4.2
8.2
Non-S&E
14.1
13.7
26.9
12.3
54.7
66.4
39.4
60.3
15.7
70.3
15.5
4.1
9.8
27.3
7.6
27.1
12.1
12.2
28.2
10.6
7.9
9.2
33.2
21.3
32.4
29.1
76.5
20.5
39.9
56.1
20.4
46.7
8.5
60.2
13.2
4.0
6.5
24.8
6.5
25.4
13.9
14.5
32.9
12.8
8.4
10.9
46.2
29.4
46.6
40.5
83.1
28.9
71.5
75.4
56.3
59.1
32.7
80.2
18.7
4.0
21.3
24.9
11.7
31.5
9.8
10.6
24.4
11.5
7.1
7.3
18.7
14.0
19.3
29.4
60.2
12.5
78.1
85.7
69.6
80.8
73.6
82.1
17.6
7.2
9.8
33.0
11.0
19.9
10.3
4.3
20.4
6.7
2.7
7.9
11.6
10.0
10.0
12.5
23.6
10.0
30.7
43.8
29.0
48.3
12.2
59.1
3.7
S
S
16.8
S
S
11.3
S
33.7
S
1.7
20.7
58.0
48.0
37.3
49.2
86.1
20.2
26.4
46.5
27.5
39.0
S
56.0
3.5
S
S
S
S
S
11.9
S
31.8
S
S
S
61.7
S
40.7
S
96.5
21.4
44.2
31.1
S
98.6
46.2
76.3
3.2
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
46.7
S
S
S
53.8
S
Appendix table 3-12

category: 2008
(Percent)
Occupation
Doctorate
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Black
All degree levels
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Bachelor's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Master's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Doctorate
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Hispanic
All degree levels
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Bachelor's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Master's
All fields
S&E
S&E-related
Non-S&E
72.6
S
62.1
S
65.5
S
9.8
S
S
S
S
S
8.1
S
S
S
S
S
19.3
S
S
S
23.0
S
25.2
46.6
18.9
37.7
8.9
61.1
5.0
2.9
6.2
13.6
3.0
12.3
13.3
13.5
39.9
18.5
7.6
11.4
61.4
39.9
41.1
43.8
83.5
27.5
21.1
42.7
14.6
28.5
5.2
57.9
5.0
3.2
6.3
13.3
3.1
11.3
13.2
12.1
42.5
17.0
7.1
11.8
65.7
45.2
42.9
54.5
87.7
30.3
33.7
59.1
16.9
44.8
13.6
73.0
5.1
1.6
6.1
14.8
2.2
17.1
15.1
19.5
34.6
29.7
11.0
9.5
51.2
21.4
48.5
25.5
75.3
17.5
71.3
84.6
67.8
79.7
69.0
71.3
5.7
5.3
5.4
13.7
2.7
10.6
8.6
4.5
19.7
7.4
3.5
10.6
20.2
10.9
12.5
13.0
27.5
18.1
32.3
47.2
29.2
52.1
12.1
59.9
6.7
2.8
6.3
19.1
4.1
10.9
13.0
14.2
30.9
15.4
6.9
12.3
54.7
38.6
39.9
32.6
81.0
27.7
27.8
45.4
19.0
48.7
7.3
57.9
6.7
2.8
6.5
19.9
4.6
10.0
13.6
14.5
33.3
12.5
7.0
13.7
58.6
40.1
47.8
38.7
85.7
28.5
43.3
52.6
67.9
6.4
2.7
7.2
11.2
13.7
23.2
45.5
33.7
8.9
Appendix table 3-12

category: 2008
(Percent)
Occupation
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Doctorate
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
White
All degree levels
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Bachelor's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Master's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Doctorate
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander
All degree levels
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Bachelor's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
S&E
49.7
21.4
65.8

14.4
2.2
13.2
S&E-related
36.3
7.6
7.8
Non-S&E
14.0
71.0
26.4
74.0
82.5
72.7
78.7
69.3
79.7
8.8
S
4.0
19.5
3.2
23.7
8.7
S
19.4
5.3
2.2
6.2
17.3
13.8
7.9
16.0
28.5
14.1
36.6
54.6
30.1
53.8
14.4
63.0
7.6
3.2
8.4
19.3
4.7
11.4
12.6
16.5
24.2
13.6
7.7
9.7
50.8
28.9
45.7
32.6
77.9
27.4
30.5
52.1
21.3
43.4
7.6
60.0
7.0
2.5
8.1
19.2
4.8
10.1
12.8
17.3
25.5
14.6
7.6
9.5
56.7
30.6
53.2
42.0
84.8
30.5
46.3
58.6
44.3
61.3
23.5
69.4
8.8
5.3
10.1
18.9
4.4
14.2
13.0
16.0
22.9
16.9
9.5
10.6
40.7
25.5
32.8
21.8
67.0
19.9
73.1
83.2
67.0
77.5
70.3
79.3
10.6
6.8
7.8
19.7
5.3
17.0
9.3
4.0
17.9
7.9
4.5
7.8
17.6
12.8
15.2
14.6
25.2
12.8
36.4
54.4
13.2
42.7
18.3
62.4
9.3
S
S
16.2
9.3
13.2
16.0
S
41.6
41.3
14.8
8.9
47.5
42.4
45.2
15.9
66.9
28.6
33.6
53.2
S
37.4
14.1
63.2
8.3
S
S
21.2
10.6
7.9
14.9
S
35.8
S
16.7
6.8
51.5
S
52.4
S
69.2
30.1
Appendix table 3-12

category: 2008
(Percent)
Occupation
Master's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Doctorate
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Two or more races
All degree levels
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Bachelor's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Master's
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
Doctorate
All fields
Physical sciences
Social sciences
Engineering
S&E
S&E-related
Non-S&E
48.1
S
S
S
S
62.8
15.3
S
S
S
S
31.7
20.3
S
S
S
S
S
31.6
S
S
S
60.8
S
58.2
S
61.5
39.9
92.5
25.2
7.1
S
S
S
S
S
33.5
S
24.7
S
S
S
8.3
S
S
S
S
S
34.2
57.1
29.9
65.2
13.2
67.8
9.1
7.1
8.3
20.8
5.9
15.9
12.6
14.6
22.2
12.8
10.8
9.8
53.2
28.3
47.9
22.0
76.0
22.4
29.9
55.1
22.2
63.8
9.3
67.4
9.0
8.2
8.9
21.9
5.7
15.6
13.4
12.0
23.8
13.4
12.1
11.0
56.7
33.0
54.0
22.8
78.6
21.5
45.4
63.9
39.5
60.0
25.0
69.6
10.5
S
S
18.1
81.0
17.9
9.8
26.9
18.9
16.0
3.9
S
44.8
S
41.6
S
71.1
25.3
72.5
76.5
74.3
77.9
69.2
67.1
7.2
S
4.0
19.2
S
9.6
8.9
S
15.0
6.2
5.2
8.4
18.6
S
10.7
16.0
25.6
24.5

NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. All degree levels includes professional degrees not broken out separately.
(SESTAT) , 2008, http://sestat.nsf.gov
Appendix table 3-13

S&E workers, by race/ethnicity and occupation: 2008
(Percent)
Occupation
Mathematicians
Statisticians
Oceanographers
Astronomers
Total
4,874,000
1,970,000
1,778,000
45,000
193,000
434,000
100,000
178,000
88,000
145,000
594,000
107,000
6,000
57,000
39,000
6,000
84,000
22,000
62,000
498,000
62,000
331,000
45,000
128,000
124,000
34,000
35,000
70,000
8,000
59,000
3,000
322,000
129,000
78,000
15,000
59,000
4,000
27,000
3,000
Asian
American
Indian/Alaska
Native
Black
Hispanic
Number Percent
824,000
16.9
423,000
21.5
390,000
22.0
9,000
19.5
27,000
14.1
89,000
20.6
27,000
26.9
26,000
14.4
16,000
18.1
18,000
12.2
179,000
30.1
22,000
20.6
1,000
9.3
11,000
18.8
10,000
26.1
1,000
13.8
11,000
12.6
3,000
13.5
8,000
12.3
80,000
16.0
5,000
7.4
67,000
20.3
13,000
28.2
15,000
11.5
34,000
27.2
6,000
18.4
1,000
3.1
7,000
9.4
<500
4.9
6,000
10.1
S
S
43,000
13.4
26,000
20.1
5,000
5.9
1,000
8.9
3,000
4.8
<500
11.9
5,000
18.6
1,000
20.8
Number Percent
17,000
0.3
5,000
0.3
4,000
0.2
S
S
S
S
1,000
0.2
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
0.1
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
<500
0.4
S
S
S
S
4,000
0.7
S
S
2,000
0.7
S
S
2,000
1.3
<500
0.1
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
0.3
<500
0.4
<500
0.5
S
S
<500
0.6
S
S
S
S
S
S
Number Percent
191,000
3.9
97,000
4.9
85,000
4.8
3,000
6.0
19,000
9.6
24,000
5.6
5,000
5.0
9,000
4.9
6,000
6.6
8,000
5.5
12,000
2.0
7,000
6.1
<500
1.6
3,000
6.1
3,000
7.6
S
S
5,000
5.6
1,000
6.8
3,000
5.2
14,000
2.8
1,000
1.8
9,000
2.8
<500
0.6
3,000
2.4
5,000
3.8
1,000
4.1
1,000
2.6
3,000
3.7
<500
2.0
2,000
4.1
S
S
9,000
2.7
5,000
3.9
1,000
1.0
<500
2.1
<500
0.7
S
S
1,000
2.5
S
S
Number Percent
239,000
4.9
82,000
4.2
74,000
4.2
1,000
2.6
11,000
5.9
18,000
4.2
4,000
4.2
10,000
5.5
4,000
5.0
5,000
3.6
20,000
3.3
4,000
3.6
<500
2.1
2,000
4.1
1,000
3.6
S
S
4,000
5.1
1,000
6.2
3,000
4.7
28,000
5.6
4,000
6.9
19,000
5.8
2,000
5.0
9,000
6.7
6,000
4.6
3,000
7.6
1,000
1.8
4,000
5.3
<500
4.5
3,000
5.7
S
S
14,000
4.5
7,000
5.3
3,000
4.4
1,000
4.4
3,000
4.5
<500
2.8
1,000
2.8
<500
3.5
White
Native
Hawaiian/Other
Pacific Islander
Two or more races
Number Percent
3,502,000
71.8
1,323,000
67.2
1,186,000
66.7
31,000
69.4
129,000
67.0
294,000
67.9
59,000
59.0
129,000
72.5
60,000
67.6
112,000
76.8
371,000
62.5
73,000
68.2
5,000
83.5
40,000
70.5
23,000
59.9
5,000
85.2
64,000
75.6
16,000
72.3
48,000
76.8
364,000
73.1
51,000
82.2
227,000
68.4
29,000
64.7
97,000
75.7
78,000
62.6
23,000
67.0
31,000
90.5
55,000
78.6
6,000
77.0
46,000
78.2
2,000
92.8
247,000
76.8
87,000
67.7
67,000
85.9
12,000
82.7
52,000
86.8
3,000
84.4
20,000
74.7
2,000
73.7
Number Percent
20,000
0.4
8,000
0.4
8,000
0.5
S
S
1,000
0.4
1,000
0.2
S
S
1,000
0.8
S
S
S
S
2,000
0.4
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
<500
0.1
S
S
<500
0.1
S
S
<500
0.1
<500
0.0
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
0.3
1,000
0.6
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Number Percent
81,000
1.7
31,000
1.6
29,000
1.7
1,000
2.2
5,000
2.7
6,000
1.3
2,000
2.2
3,000
1.6
2,000
2.0
2,000
1.5
9,000
1.4
1,000
0.5
S
S
S
S
<500
0.1
S
S
1,000
0.6
<500
1.2
<500
0.4
8,000
1.7
1,000
1.5
6,000
1.8
<500
1.1
3,000
2.4
2,000
1.6
1,000
1.5
<500
1.1
1,000
1.6
S
S
1,000
1.8
S
S
6,000
2.0
3,000
2.1
2,000
2.3
<500
1.7
1,000
2.5
S
S
<500
1.2
S
S
Appendix table 3-13

(Percent)
Asian
Occupation
Physicists
Postsecondary teachersearth, environmental, and
marine sciences
Economists
Anthropologists
Sociologists
Engineers
Chemical engineers
Nuclear engineers
Petroleum engineers
Total
25,000
35,000
54,000
24,000
Number Percent
5,000
18.4
2,000
6.2
5,000
10.1
3,000
12.4
American
Indian/Alaska
Native
Black
Number Percent
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Number Percent
1,000
2.7
1,000
3.6
1,000
1.9
1,000
3.0
Hispanic
White
Number Percent
1,000
2.7
2,000
4.4
2,000
3.7
1,000
3.1
Number Percent
18,000
74.8
29,000
84.1
44,000
81.8
19,000
78.2
Native
Hawaiian/Other
Pacific Islander
Two or more races
Number Percent
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Number Percent
<500
1.1
<500
0.9
1,000
2.4
1,000
3.2
15,000
1,000
4.8
<500
0.4
1,000
5.2
13,000
87.4
<500
2.1
15,000
502,000
29,000
17,000
185,000
21,000
11,000
10,000
134,000
116,000
18,000
15,000
33,000
18,000
33,000
1,582,000
100,000
77,000
258,000
399,000
53,000
346,000
93,000
300,000
7,000
28,000
86,000
12,000
46,000
7,000
17,000
19,000
2,000
32,000
3,000
1,000
7,000
1,000
S
1,000
12,000
8,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
247,000
10,000
13,000
28,000
101,000
21,000
79,000
14,000
36,000
1,000
8,000
7,000
1,000
8,000
<500
1,000
1,000
11.7
6.3
11.1
5.2
3.7
2.9
S
5.7
8.8
7.2
18.0
5.1
2.8
7.8
6.5
15.6
9.9
16.9
10.9
25.2
40.2
22.9
14.7
11.9
9.0
28.0
8.1
7.2
18.1
5.2
7.5
5.9
S
3,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
1,000
4,000
1,000
<500
1,000
1,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
0.7
S
S
0.5
S
S
S
S
1.1
S
S
S
S
3.3
0.2
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.1
S
0.2
S
0.3
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
<500
23,000
2,000
<500
8,000
1,000
<500
1,000
5,000
6,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
49,000
3,000
2,000
8,000
13,000
2,000
12,000
3,000
8,000
S
1,000
4,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
<500
1.7
4.5
5.8
2.7
4.3
5.8
2.7
9.4
4.1
5.2
4.0
7.5
5.2
5.9
4.4
3.1
2.6
2.9
3.2
3.4
2.9
3.4
3.7
2.7
S
1.9
4.6
S
2.0
S
5.0
1.1
<500
26,000
1,000
1,000
12,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
5,000
5,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
88,000
7,000
4,000
19,000
21,000
1,000
20,000
9,000
12,000
S
1,000
3,000
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
2,000
3.2
5.2
3.5
3.8
6.5
10.0
12.7
6.8
4.0
4.4
3.6
5.9
4.0
3.0
5.5
5.6
6.6
4.6
7.3
5.3
2.5
5.8
10.1
4.0
S
3.2
3.5
S
2.3
12.1
3.4
9.2
12,000
407,000
22,000
15,000
154,000
16,000
9,000
7,000
109,000
91,000
13,000
12,000
28,000
13,000
25,000
1,161,000
77,000
56,000
194,000
253,000
28,000
226,000
64,000
239,000
5,000
18,000
71,000
11,000
35,000
6,000
14,000
16,000
81.9
80.9
74.7
86.0
83.1
77.5
79.6
75.2
81.3
78.4
73.6
80.3
83.9
73.0
77.6
73.4
76.7
72.2
75.5
63.6
52.6
65.3
68.8
79.6
66.6
64.5
82.7
88.5
76.2
81.4
82.7
81.8
S
2,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
<500
S
S
S
S
S
9,000
1,000
S
2,000
3,000
S
3,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
0.4
S
S
0.5
S
S
S
S
0.4
S
S
S
S
S
0.6
1.2
S
0.7
0.7
S
0.8
S
0.2
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
<500
10,000
1,000
S
3,000
<500
<500
<500
2,000
4,000
S
<500
1,000
1,000
1,000
26,000
2,000
2,000
6,000
6,000
1,000
5,000
1,000
4,000
S
1,000
1,000
S
1,000
S
S
S
1.4
1.9
2.7
S
1.5
2.2
1.6
2.9
1.2
3.3
S
0.9
4.0
8.0
2.6
1.6
2.4
2.8
2.2
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.2
1.4
S
2.4
0.7
S
1.2
S
S
S
Appendix table 3-13

(Percent)
Asian
Occupation
Sales engineers
Other engineers
Total
49,000
48,000
35,000
Number Percent
4,000
9.0
6,000
13.1
7,000
21.1
American
Indian/Alaska
Native
Black
Number Percent
S
S
S
S
S
S
Number Percent
<500
0.8
2,000
3.5
2,000
6.1
Hispanic
Number Percent
2,000
4.0
3,000
5.8
2,000
4.4
White
Number Percent
42,000
85.0
37,000
76.0
23,000
67.0

NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Numbers rounded to the nearest 1,000. Percentages based on unrounded numbers.
Native
Hawaiian/Other
Pacific Islander
Two or more races
Number Percent
S
S
S
S
S
S
Number Percent
1,000
1.1
<500
0.6
<500
1.2
Appendix table 3-14

Employed S&E highest degree holders, by race/ethnicity and field of degree: 2008
(Percent)

All S&E degrees
Computer science
Applied mathematics
Operations research
Statistics
Other mathematics
Animal sciences
Plant sciences
Biological sciences
Biology, general
Botany
Ecology
Zoology, general
Forestry sciences
Physical sciences
Total
10,216,000
1,651,000
1,159,000
205,000
651,000
35,000
191,000
77,000
492,000
92,000
289,000
29,000
50,000
32,000
1,569,000
266,000
110,000
32,000
75,000
49,000
1,125,000
101,000
507,000
26,000
60,000
57,000
18,000
92,000
36,000
20,000
43,000
64,000
103,000
178,000
111,000
67,000
665,000
306,000
168,000
Asian
American
Indian/Alaska
Native
Black
Hispanic
Number Percent
1,303,000
12.8
336,000
20.4
273,000
23.6
45,000
22.2
178,000
27.4
5,000
13.9
34,000
17.9
10,000
13.5
63,000
12.8
12,000
13.4
25,000
8.7
6,000
19.3
17,000
32.8
4,000
11.2
158,000
10.1
15,000
5.8
3,000
2.7
6,000
18.5
3,000
3.6
4,000
7.8
135,000
12.0
23,000
23.0
42,000
8.3
3,000
11.8
12,000
20.4
3,000
4.7
2,000
13.0
12,000
13.3
6,000
16.4
5,000
26.6
6,000
14.6
5,000
7.3
16,000
15.3
7,000
4.0
5,000
4.9
2,000
2.4
94,000
14.2
56,000
18.3
7,000
4.3
Number Percent
39,000
0.4
8,000
0.5
8,000
0.7
2,000
0.8
3,000
0.5
S
S
S
S
S
S
<500
0.1
S
S
<500
0.1
S
S
S
S
S
S
7,000
0.4
2,000
0.6
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
3.0
4,000
0.3
S
S
1,000
0.3
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1.5
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
<500
0.4
1,000
0.7
1,000
0.9
S
S
2,000
0.3
1,000
0.5
<500
0.2
Number Percent
539,000
5.3
98,000
5.9
71,000
6.2
15,000
7.5
31,000
4.7
1,000
3.7
19,000
9.9
5,000
6.6
26,000
5.4
6,000
6.9
17,000
5.9
1,000
4.1
2,000
3.1
<500
1.4
62,000
4.0
6,000
2.1
1,000
1.3
2,000
6.1
2,000
2.6
<500
0.7
54,000
4.8
1,000
1.4
38,000
7.4
1,000
2.5
<500
0.7
1,000
1.8
1,000
5.6
6,000
7.0
1,000
3.4
1,000
5.7
<500
0.9
<500
0.7
2,000
1.7
3,000
1.7
2,000
2.1
1,000
1.1
19,000
2.9
11,000
3.5
1,000
0.6
Number Percent
602,000
5.9
73,000
4.4
59,000
5.1
10,000
4.9
27,000
4.2
4,000
12.5
11,000
5.8
7,000
8.8
13,000
2.7
1,000
1.1
9,000
3.2
1,000
4.1
1,000
2.1
1,000
2.6
87,000
5.5
11,000
4.1
4,000
3.3
1,000
3.2
5,000
6.4
2,000
3.2
71,000
6.3
3,000
3.2
38,000
7.6
<500
1.4
2,000
3.9
5,000
9.5
1,000
4.0
8,000
8.5
1,000
3.3
1,000
3.2
3,000
6.0
2,000
3.7
6,000
5.5
5,000
3.0
3,000
2.7
2,000
3.5
31,000
4.6
16,000
5.1
6,000
3.4
White
Native
Hawaiian/Other
Pacific Islander
Two or more races
Number Percent
7,493,000
73.3
1,107,000
67.0
725,000
62.6
129,000
63.1
400,000
61.5
23,000
66.3
121,000
63.2
51,000
66.5
382,000
77.6
70,000
76.4
234,000
80.8
21,000
70.6
31,000
60.6
27,000
84.7
1,224,000
78.0
227,000
85.2
101,000
91.9
22,000
69.8
63,000
85.1
40,000
80.5
840,000
74.7
71,000
70.0
377,000
74.4
21,000
80.9
43,000
71.2
47,000
83.3
13,000
75.5
62,000
67.9
27,000
75.6
12,000
64.0
33,000
76.7
56,000
87.3
77,000
75.2
158,000
88.5
96,000
87.2
61,000
90.7
507,000
76.2
216,000
70.5
151,000
89.9
Number Percent
49,000
0.5
7,000
0.4
5,000
0.5
S
S
2,000
0.3
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
0.4
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
7,000
0.4
1,000
0.4
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
5,000
0.5
<500
0.2
4,000
0.8
S
S
<500
0.1
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
0.6
S
S
S
S
S
S
2,000
0.3
1,000
0.2
1,000
0.3
Number Percent
190,000
1.9
22,000
1.3
17,000
1.5
3,000
1.5
9,000
1.4
S
S
2,000
1.2
2,000
2.1
5,000
1.0
1,000
0.6
3,000
1.2
S
S
1,000
1.2
<500
0.1
25,000
1.6
5,000
1.8
1,000
0.6
<500
0.5
2,000
2.3
S
S
16,000
1.4
2,000
2.2
6,000
1.3
1,000
2.4
2,000
3.6
<500
0.5
<500
1.7
1,000
1.2
S
S
S
S
1,000
1.8
<500
0.4
1,000
1.4
4,000
2.1
2,000
2.2
1,000
1.9
10,000
1.5
6,000
1.9
2,000
1.1
Appendix table 3-14

(Percent)
Asian
Earth sciences
Geology
Oceanography
Physics
Social sciences
Economics
Economics
Psychology
Clinical psychology
General psychology
Social psychology
Other psychology
Criminology
Sociology
Linguistics
Geography
History of science
Engineering
Total
22,000
17,000
99,000
21,000
10,000
150,000
10,000
141,000
40,000
3,878,000
580,000
88,000
493,000
705,000
49,000
110,000
547,000
1,414,000
96,000
119,000
244,000
33,000
712,000
42,000
35,000
132,000
763,000
125,000
68,000
571,000
416,000
95,000
29,000
17,000
109,000
18,000
149,000
2,453,000
Number Percent
2,000
8.1
<500
1.3
3,000
2.7
2,000
10.7
<500
3.7
29,000
19.3
1,000
13.8
28,000
19.7
2,000
4.4
243,000
6.3
86,000
14.8
3,000
3.3
83,000
16.9
42,000
5.9
3,000
5.9
12,000
11.3
26,000
4.8
55,000
3.9
4,000
4.1
5,000
4.3
6,000
2.3
2,000
5.8
30,000
4.2
3,000
6.6
3,000
7.3
4,000
2.7
36,000
4.7
5,000
4.4
5,000
6.9
26,000
4.5
25,000
5.9
12,000
12.6
2,000
7.5
S
S
2,000
2.3
S
S
8,000
5.3
472,000
19.2
American
Indian/Alaska
Native
Black
Hispanic
Number Percent
S
S
S
S
<500
0.3
S
S
S
S
<500
0.3
S
S
<500
0.3
S
S
16,000
0.4
<500
0.1
S
S
S
S
2,000
0.2
S
S
S
S
1,000
0.2
6,000
0.4
S
S
<500
0.1
1,000
0.4
S
S
2,000
0.2
S
S
S
S
2,000
1.4
5,000
0.7
<500
0.4
S
S
4,000
0.7
3,000
0.7
2,000
2.2
S
S
S
S
<500
0.3
S
S
S
S
6,000
0.2
Number Percent
<500
1.5
<500
0.3
1,000
0.6
<500
0.3
<500
0.4
4,000
2.7
<500
0.6
4,000
2.9
4,000
9.1
284,000
7.3
20,000
3.5
1,000
1.0
20,000
4.0
54,000
7.7
3,000
6.6
4,000
4.0
47,000
8.5
111,000
7.8
9,000
9.8
5,000
4.3
18,000
7.4
S
S
60,000
8.5
3,000
6.5
4,000
10.5
11,000
8.3
66,000
8.7
2,000
2.0
7,000
9.8
57,000
10.0
33,000
7.8
8,000
8.3
1,000
1.8
S
S
2,000
1.5
S
S
19,000
12.8
75,000
3.1
Number Percent
<500
2.1
1,000
3.8
4,000
3.8
<500
2.3
1,000
5.0
6,000
3.7
<500
1.9
5,000
3.8
4,000
9.3
267,000
6.9
29,000
5.0
4,000
4.9
25,000
5.0
43,000
6.1
4,000
8.6
8,000
7.6
31,000
5.6
109,000
7.7
9,000
9.4
10,000
8.1
14,000
5.7
1,000
2.1
61,000
8.6
5,000
10.8
3,000
7.7
7,000
5.6
54,000
7.1
11,000
8.9
8,000
12.1
35,000
6.2
32,000
7.7
10,000
10.8
3,000
9.4
S
0.9
7,000
6.1
S
1.3
12,000
8.0
145,000
5.9
White
Native
Hawaiian/Other
Pacific Islander
Two or more races
Number Percent
19,000
87.4
16,000
91.4
90,000
91.5
18,000
84.4
9,000
89.3
109,000
72.8
8,000
80.3
102,000
72.2
30,000
75.5
2,952,000
76.1
431,000
74.2
77,000
87.8
354,000
71.8
545,000
77.2
37,000
76.6
81,000
73.6
427,000
78.0
1,094,000
77.4
72,000
74.5
96,000
80.6
199,000
81.5
29,000
88.1
537,000
75.4
30,000
70.2
25,000
70.7
106,000
80.5
572,000
74.9
95,000
76.3
45,000
67.1
431,000
75.5
312,000
75.0
58,000
60.9
23,000
78.9
15,000
92.6
95,000
87.4
15,000
82.4
106,000
71.2
1,703,000
69.4
Number Percent
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
<500
0.0
S
S
S
S
S
S
19,000
0.5
4,000
0.7
S
S
2,000
0.5
2,000
0.2
S
S
S
S
2,000
0.3
8,000
0.5
S
S
<500
0.1
1,000
0.5
S
S
5,000
0.8
S
S
S
S
S
S
4,000
0.5
S
S
S
S
2,000
0.3
2,000
0.4
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
0.6
14,000
0.6
Number Percent
<500
0.8
<500
2.5
1,000
0.8
<500
1.9
<500
0.3
2,000
1.2
<500
3.2
1,000
1.0
<500
0.7
95,000
2.5
9,000
1.6
1,000
0.8
9,000
1.8
18,000
2.6
<500
0.8
4,000
3.3
14,000
2.6
32,000
2.2
2,000
1.8
3,000
2.5
5,000
2.2
1,000
2.1
17,000
2.3
1,000
2.3
1,000
3.7
2,000
1.3
26,000
3.4
9,000
7.1
2,000
2.6
15,000
2.6
10,000
2.4
4,000
4.4
1,000
2.4
S
S
2,000
2.1
S
S
3,000
1.7
39,000
1.6
Appendix table 3-14

(Percent)
Asian
Aerospace, aeronautical, and
astronautical engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and
communications engineering
Industrial and manufacturing engineering
Materials engineering, including
ceramics and textiles
Nuclear engineering
Other engineering
Total
Number Percent
American
Indian/Alaska
Native
Black
Number Percent
Number Percent
Hispanic
White
Number Percent
Number Percent
Native
Hawaiian/Other
Pacific Islander
Two or more races
Number Percent
Number Percent
81,000
7,000
8.8
1,000
0.7
2,000
2.6
5,000
6.3
63,000
77.4
1,000
1.6
2,000
2.7
23,000
34,000
165,000
397,000
37,000
360,000
808,000
175,000
3,000
10,000
34,000
52,000
2,000
50,000
226,000
56,000
14.0
30.5
20.6
13.2
6.7
13.9
28.0
32.2
S
S
2,000
1,000
S
1,000
1,000
S
S
S
0.9
0.3
S
0.3
0.1
S
<500
1,000
5,000
12,000
2,000
9,000
31,000
5,000
0.4
2.6
2.8
2.9
6.2
2.6
3.8
2.8
1,000
3,000
9,000
30,000
3,000
27,000
47,000
11,000
3.6
8.3
5.2
7.5
6.9
7.6
5.8
6.3
19,000
18,000
113,000
291,000
29,000
263,000
483,000
97,000
81.1
55.0
68.6
73.3
76.5
73.0
59.8
55.6
S
<500
S
2,000
S
2,000
7,000
S
S
1.1
S
0.5
S
0.6
0.8
S
S
1,000
3,000
8,000
S
7,000
13,000
5,000
S
2.3
1.6
2.1
S
2.0
1.7
2.8
633,000
170,000
26.8
<500
0.1
26,000
4.1
36,000
5.6
386,000
61.0
7,000
1.0
9,000
1.3
34,000
44,000
41,000
4,000
139,000
6,000
4,000
4,000
1,000
23,000
18.0
9.2
9.8
17.1
16.4
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1,000
1,000
S
7,000
4.3
2.9
2.1
S
5.0
1,000
2,000
2,000
S
13,000
4.3
5.6
5.7
S
9.1
25,000
36,000
33,000
3,000
95,000
71.9
81.6
80.9
69.4
68.2
S
S
S
S
<500
S
S
S
S
0.3
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
S
S
0.9
43,000
13,000
31.4
1,000
1.4
1,000
2.7
27,000
63.3
<500
0.9
500,000
17,000
13,000
12,000
13,000
17,000
66,000
70,000
2,000
1,000
S
1,000
3,000
9,000
14.1
10.8
7.6
S
10.1
17.5
13.2
1,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
0.2
S
S
S
S
S
S
12,000
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
2.4
S
S
S
S
S
1.9
23,000
1,000
S
S
1,000
2,000
4,000
4.6
5.6
S
S
4.5
10.5
5.7
385,000
14,000
12,000
11,000
11,000
12,000
51,000
77.0
82.5
89.3
91.2
83.4
69.2
77.6
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
0.3
S
S
S
S
S
S
7,000
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
1.4
S
S
S
S
S
1.0

NOTES: Total includes professional degrees not broken out separately. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Numbers rounded to the nearest 1,000. Percentages based on unrounded numbers.
Appendix table 3-15

Estimate and median salary of full-time workers with highest degree in S&E field, by sex and occupation: 2008
Total
Occupation
All occupations
Mathematicians
Statisticians
Oceanographers
Astronomers
Physicists
Female
Number
Median
salary ($)
Number
8,869,000
3,554,000
1,345,000
1,228,000
31,000
103,000
268,000
69,000
116,000
58,000
83,000
501,000
73,000
4,000
40,000
24,000
4,000
44,000
12,000
33,000
365,000
48,000
252,000
42,000
106,000
78,000
26,000
24,000
41,000
4,000
35,000
2,000
269,000
112,000
68,000
13,000
53,000
3,000
23,000
3,000
21,000
70,000
80,000
85,000
85,000
96,000
60,000
80,000
80,000
72,000
74,000
92,000
95,000
81,000
60,000
81,000
85,000
67,000
65,000
80,000
58,000
59,000
54,000
57,000
65,000
50,000
70,000
59,000
57,000
67,000
71,000
65,000
74,000
70,000
71,000
74,000
83,000
70,000
85,000
83,000
62,000
88,000
3,018,000
837,000
302,000
260,000
6,000
28,000
81,000
20,000
15,000
9,000
26,000
74,000
30,000
1,000
17,000
10,000
2,000
12,000
2,000
10,000
156,000
14,000
123,000
16,000
53,000
39,000
14,000
5,000
14,000
1,000
13,000
<500
74,000
37,000
13,000
2,000
11,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
Male
Percent
Median
salary ($)
Number
Percent
Median
salary ($)
34.0
23.5
22.4
21.2
18.6
27.6
30.3
28.8
12.9
15.5
31.8
14.9
41.0
12.1
43.2
41.5
47.6
27.2
16.4
31.2
42.7
29.4
48.7
38.7
50.1
50.6
53.2
21.1
33.9
19.1
36.9
15.5
27.3
32.9
19.6
13.5
20.6
26.5
10.6
21.9
9.3
52,000
70,000
78,000
80,000
78,000
60,000
80,000
70,000
70,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
74,000
60,000
78,000
75,000
67,000
56,000
70,000
55,000
50,000
42,000
50,000
50,000
45,000
65,000
58,000
52,000
57,000
60,000
57,000
49,000
60,000
62,000
66,000
60,000
66,000
87,000
54,000
46,000
60,000
5,851,000
2,718,000
1,044,000
968,000
25,000
75,000
187,000
49,000
101,000
49,000
57,000
426,000
43,000
4,000
23,000
14,000
2,000
32,000
10,000
22,000
210,000
34,000
129,000
26,000
53,000
39,000
12,000
19,000
27,000
3,000
22,000
2,000
196,000
75,000
55,000
11,000
42,000
2,000
21,000
2,000
19,000
66.0
76.5
77.6
78.8
81.4
72.4
69.7
71.2
87.1
84.5
68.2
85.1
59.0
87.9
56.8
58.5
52.4
72.8
83.6
68.8
57.3
70.6
51.3
61.3
49.9
49.4
46.8
78.9
66.1
80.9
63.1
84.5
72.7
67.1
80.4
86.5
79.4
73.5
89.4
78.1
90.7
80,000
85,000
87,000
88,000
100,000
60,000
81,000
85,000
73,000
75,000
95,000
96,000
86,000
60,000
89,000
86,000
96,000
67,000
80,000
60,000
65,000
60,000
65,000
70,000
59,000
79,000
60,000
57,000
73,000
72,000
72,000
74,000
76,000
79,000
77,000
85,000
74,000
85,000
89,000
72,000
90,000
Appendix table 3-15

Total
Occupation
and marine sciences
Economists
Anthropologists
Sociologists
Engineers
Chemical engineers
Nuclear engineers
Petroleum engineers
Sales engineers
Other engineers
Female
Number
Median
salary ($)
Number
26,000
40,000
18,000
65,000
64,000
56,000
11,000
10,000
5,000
Male
Percent
Median
salary ($)
Number
Percent
Median
salary ($)
42.1
25.3
28.1
59,000
54,000
51,000
15,000
30,000
13,000
57.9
74.7
71.9
70,000
70,000
62,000
10,000
72,000
3,000
32.3
58,000
7,000
67.7
80,000
12,000
281,000
22,000
11,000
114,000
13,000
7,000
6,000
60,000
61,000
10,000
10,000
18,000
10,000
12,000
1,293,000
81,000
6,000
22,000
65,000
228,000
333,000
45,000
288,000
64,000
67,000
10,000
35,000
250,000
7,000
14,000
14,000
36,000
35,000
26,000
70,000
68,000
110,000
70,000
62,000
58,000
55,000
68,000
73,000
67,000
80,000
65,000
67,000
62,000
63,000
87,000
100,000
60,000
69,000
92,000
80,000
95,000
102,000
93,000
80,000
76,000
100,000
81,000
85,000
77,000
97,000
113,000
91,000
89,000
85,000
2,000
143,000
6,000
7,000
72,000
7,000
3,000
4,000
26,000
25,000
3,000
3,000
9,000
4,000
6,000
162,000
8,000
S
6,000
15,000
31,000
34,000
7,000
27,000
14,000
9,000
1,000
7,000
18,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
5,000
6,000
4,000
15.1
50.9
28.4
63.9
63.2
53.5
38.1
73.6
42.6
41.5
30.3
32.4
47.8
44.2
47.0
12.5
9.7
S
28.3
22.7
13.6
10.1
14.7
9.4
21.3
13.3
5.5
19.1
7.3
14.9
16.1
7.6
12.7
18.1
16.0
63,000
63,000
98,000
72,000
60,000
50,000
37,000
60,000
70,000
63,000
72,000
60,000
62,000
60,000
63,000
75,000
100,000
S
55,000
80,000
71,000
86,000
86,000
85,000
72,000
70,000
82,000
72,000
72,000
40,000
103,000
100,000
69,000
85,000
74,000
10,000
138,000
16,000
4,000
42,000
6,000
5,000
2,000
34,000
35,000
7,000
7,000
9,000
6,000
6,000
1,131,000
73,000
5,000
16,000
50,000
197,000
299,000
38,000
261,000
51,000
58,000
10,000
29,000
232,000
6,000
11,000
13,000
31,000
29,000
22,000
84.9
49.1
71.6
36.1
36.8
46.5
61.9
26.4
57.4
58.5
69.7
67.6
52.2
55.8
53.0
87.5
90.3
88.4
71.7
77.3
86.4
89.9
85.3
90.6
78.7
86.7
94.5
80.9
92.7
85.1
83.9
92.4
87.3
81.9
84.0
74,000
73,000
117,000
70,000
69,000
60,000
60,000
80,000
82,000
70,000
88,000
69,000
70,000
65,000
63,000
89,000
100,000
65,000
72,000
93,000
81,000
95,000
105,000
94,000
82,000
80,000
100,000
85,000
86,000
77,000
96,000
115,000
92,000
89,000
90,000
Appendix table 3-15

Total
Occupation
S&E managers
Secondary school teacherscomputer, math, or sciences
Architects
Actuaries
Non-S&E occupations
Non-S&E managers
Female
Number
Median
salary ($)
Number
1,139,000
353,000
65,000
50,000
44,000
Male
Percent
Median
salary ($)
Number
Percent
Median
salary ($)
454,000
217,000
39.9
61.5
51,000
48,000
685,000
136,000
60.1
38.5
80,000
60,000
100,000
15,000
34.0
50,000
29,000
66.0
128,000
97,000
54,000
73,000
74.9
52,000
24,000
25.1
65,000
111,000
45,000
72,000
65.0
45,000
39,000
35.0
50,000
86,000
14,000
289,000
108,000
126,000
30,000
24,000
175,000
143,000
32,000
277,000
49,000
120,000
42,000
13,000
9,000
16,000
14,000
S
16,000
22,000
24,000
4,176,000
663,000
434,000
38,000
191,000
714,000
276,000
119,000
318,000
217,000
37,000
45,000
94,000
115,000
117,000
120,000
82,000
100,000
48,000
48,000
49,000
61,000
44,000
78,000
62,000
42,000
45,000
60,000
50,000
S
41,000
85,000
108,000
58,000
113,000
130,000
89,000
90,000
70,000
67,000
62,000
75,000
40,000
30,000
51,000
6,000
49,000
16,000
7,000
21,000
5,000
101,000
85,000
16,000
75,000
31,000
27,000
3,000
4,000
2,000
2,000
2,000
S
5,000
4,000
8,000
1,727,000
141,000
77,000
16,000
47,000
323,000
113,000
79,000
131,000
177,000
33,000
59.4
40.3
17.0
15.0
5.7
68.4
21.1
57.8
59.5
50.0
27.1
63.0
22.4
6.4
27.6
22.7
15.1
12.6
S
34.3
16.6
35.2
41.4
21.2
17.8
43.2
24.6
45.3
40.8
66.4
41.3
81.9
90.5
42,000
74,000
95,000
115,000
95,000
71,000
103,000
45,000
45,000
50,000
52,000
42,000
78,000
40,000
40,000
42,000
51,000
60,000
S
40,000
48,000
108,000
46,000
90,000
102,000
81,000
79,000
60,000
59,000
59,000
62,000
40,000
29,000
35,000
9,000
239,000
92,000
118,000
10,000
19,000
74,000
58,000
16,000
202,000
18,000
93,000
39,000
9,000
7,000
13,000
12,000
S
10,000
18,000
16,000
2,449,000
523,000
357,000
22,000
144,000
390,000
163,000
40,000
187,000
39,000
3,000
40.6
59.7
83.0
85.0
94.3
31.6
78.9
42.2
40.5
50.0
72.9
37.0
77.6
93.6
72.4
77.3
84.9
87.4
S
65.7
83.4
64.8
58.6
78.8
82.2
56.8
75.4
54.7
59.2
33.6
58.7
18.1
9.5
54,000
114,000
119,000
118,000
120,000
101,000
100,000
50,000
50,000
47,000
65,000
45,000
79,000
64,000
45,000
52,000
60,000
47,000
S
41,000
91,000
108,000
70,000
120,000
137,000
91,000
95,000
76,000
75,000
70,000
80,000
43,000
52,000
Appendix table 3-15

Total
Female
Male
Number
Median
salary ($)
Number

and marketing
84,000
42,000
39,000
15,000
24,000
1,000
45,000
41,000
40,000
31,000
61,000
62,000
73,000
29,000
30,000
12,000
11,000
<500
5,000
100,000
1,000
25.2
95,000
and substance abuse
3,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
S
10,000
309,000
17,000
56,000
45,000
50,000
45,000
S
54,000
41,000
35,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
1,000
S
5,000
217,000
2,000
60.2
72.1
40.4
49.1
S
52.4
70.4
14.3
65,000
45,000
56,000
32,000
S
41,000
41,000
40,000
142,000
43,000
104,000
73.2
43,000
Social workers
149,000
763,000
246,000
156,000
131,000
230,000
122,000
40,000
65,000
67,000
79,000
39,000
70,000
55,000
111,000
225,000
74,000
28,000
46,000
77,000
59,000
74.3
29.6
30.2
17.9
35.0
33.7
48.4
38,000
50,000
50,000
63,000
30,000
50,000
50,000
121,000
55,000
59,000
48.5
1,000
1,365,000
54,000
78,000
281,000
67,000
28,000
14,000
55,000
133,000
128,000
24,000
104,000
81,000
65,000
45,000
36,000
35,000
40,000
36,000
125,000
40,000
29,000
55,000
45,000
40,000
65,000
53,000
<500
573,000
45,000
75,000
172,000
9,000
6,000
11,000
27,000
24,000
66,000
14,000
9,000
8,000
17.5
42.0
83.4
95.8
61.4
12.7
22.1
77.3
50.3
18.2
51.7
59.3
8.2
9.3
Occupation
Historians
Lawyers, judges
Percent
Median
salary ($)
Number
Percent
Median
salary ($)
86.8
69.2
76.6
82.0
46.6
14.7
44,000
40,000
38,000
31,000
53,000
72,000
11,000
13,000
9,000
3,000
13,000
1,000
13.2
30.8
23.4
18.0
53.4
85.3
48,000
42,000
44,000
26,000
70,000
62,000
4,000
74.8
103,000
1,000
<500
1,000
1,000
S
5,000
91,000
15,000
39.8
27.9
59.6
50.9
S
47.6
29.6
85.7
44,000
58,000
50,000
58,000
S
68,000
42,000
32,000
38,000
26.8
43,000
38,000
537,000
171,000
128,000
85,000
152,000
63,000
25.7
70.4
69.8
82.1
65.0
66.3
51.6
40,000
75,000
75,000
80,000
40,000
85,000
64,000
50,000
62,000
51.5
64,000
75,000
39,000
36,000
35,000
37,000
21,000
100,000
48,000
25,000
54,000
38,000
28,000
69,000
48,000
1,000
792,000
9,000
3,000
108,000
59,000
22,000
3,000
27,000
109,000
62,000
10,000
96,000
74,000
82.5
58.0
16.6
4.2
38.6
87.3
77.9
22.7
49.7
81.8
48.3
40.7
91.8
90.7
65,000
51,000
34,000
35,000
42,000
40,000
150,000
40,000
30,000
55,000
52,000
59,000
62,000
54,000
Appendix table 3-15

Total
Occupation
Other occupations
Female
Number
Median
salary ($)
Number
86,000
88,000
144,000
50,000
55,000
51,000
15,000
18,000
74,000
Male
Percent
Median
salary ($)
Number
Percent
Median
salary ($)
17.2
20.8
50.9
41,000
51,000
48,000
71,000
70,000
71,000
82.8
79.2
49.1
50,000
55,000
62,000

NOTES: Full-time includes those who typically work 35 or more hours weekly in their principal jobs. Dollars rounded to the nearest $1,000. Numbers rounded to the nearest 1,000. Percentages based on
unrounded numbers. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
Appendix table 3-16

Median salary among full-time workers with highest degree in S&E field, by race/ethnicity and occupation: 2008
(Dollars)
Occupation
All occupations
Mathematicians
Statisticians
Oceanographers
Astronomers
All categories
Asian
American Indian/
Alaska Native
72,000
81,000
84,000
85,000
100,000
62,000
82,000
78,000
72,000
75,000
92,000
95,000
83,000
60,000
85,000
83,000
67,000
63,000
73,000
60,000
60,000
54,000
60,000
65,000
52,000
75,000
60,000
57,000
65,000
60,000
65,000
74,000
70,000
70,000
75,000
82,000
70,000
87,000
85,000
62,000
80,000
85,000
88,000
89,000
90,000
63,000
81,000
91,000
83,000
70,000
90,000
95,000
80,000
55,000
84,000
73,000
90,000
71,000
90,000
62,000
63,000
58,000
63,000
67,000
56,000
66,000
63,000
24,000
70,000
71,000
66,000
S
72,000
73,000
71,000
60,000
75,000
75,000
80,000
55,000
60,000
67,000
78,000
84,000
S
S
106,000
S
S
S
S
74,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
50,000
S
48,000
S
48,000
68,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
67,000
67,000
69,000
S
69,000
S
S
S
Black
Hispanic
62,000
75,000
77,000
77,000
105,000
50,000
75,000
80,000
77,000
73,000
88,000
86,000
83,000
64,000
85,000
77,000
S
53,000
55,000
52,000
66,000
91,000
72,000
65,000
75,000
60,000
80,000
66,000
57,000
60,000
55,000
S
53,000
52,000
50,000
50,000
49,000
S
24,000
S
64,000
72,000
75,000
75,000
95,000
52,000
78,000
59,000
72,000
75,000
95,000
88,000
75,000
80,000
75,000
60,000
S
50,000
70,000
42,000
60,000
83,000
53,000
50,000
47,000
82,000
62,000
64,000
65,000
55,000
65,000
S
60,000
57,000
73,000
80,000
73,000
80,000
65,000
40,000
White
Native Hawaiian/
Other Pacific
islander
Two or more
races
74,000
82,000
85,000
85,000
100,000
66,000
84,000
75,000
70,000
75,000
92,000
96,000
86,000
60,000
90,000
90,000
67,000
64,000
72,000
60,000
60,000
50,000
62,000
65,000
52,000
80,000
60,000
57,000
65,000
54,000
67,000
72,000
71,000
73,000
75,000
85,000
71,000
91,000
95,000
63,000
70,000
80,000
80,000
80,000
S
S
75,000
S
46,000
S
S
100,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
69,000
S
69,000
S
62,000
47,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
64,000
64,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
62,000
70,000
73,000
74,000
80,000
43,000
80,000
78,000
72,000
65,000
65,000
88,000
60,000
S
S
90,000
S
55,000
48,000
55,000
58,000
52,000
62,000
25,000
48,000
100,000
66,000
54,000
65,000
S
63,000
S
52,000
50,000
55,000
115,000
55,000
S
30,000
S
Appendix table 3-16

(Dollars)
Occupation
Physicists
and marine sciences
Economists
Anthropologists
Sociologists
Engineers
Chemical engineers
Nuclear engineers
Petroleum engineers
Sales engineers
Other engineers
All categories
Asian
American Indian/
Alaska Native
90,000
65,000
64,000
57,000
83,000
65,000
65,000
51,000
S
S
S
S
Black
Hispanic
24,000
77,000
56,000
62,000
65,000
65,000
58,000
58,000
White
Native Hawaiian/
Other Pacific
islander
Two or more
races
97,000
66,000
64,000
57,000
S
S
S
S
29,000
45,000
60,000
43,000
69,000
78,000
62,000
53,000
70,000
62,000
70,000
70,000
101,000
72,000
61,000
58,000
55,000
69,000
80,000
66,000
79,000
69,000
67,000
64,000
61,000
87,000
100,000
60,000
69,000
94,000
80,000
94,000
100,000
93,000
80,000
78,000
100,000
81,000
85,000
77,000
103,000
114,000
86,000
90,000
79,000
72,000
85,000
72,000
55,000
70,000
S
70,000
91,000
65,000
80,000
58,000
60,000
60,000
65,000
86,000
93,000
60,000
64,000
100,000
80,000
95,000
100,000
92,000
79,000
72,000
160,000
82,000
84,000
110,000
90,000
105,000
65,000
92,000
S
60,000
S
S
44,000
S
S
S
S
52,000
S
S
S
S
52,000
85,000
102,000
S
S
59,000
70,000
90,000
S
90,000
S
S
S
S
106,000
S
S
S
S
S
48,000
65,000
60,000
58,000
61,000
42,000
180,000
42,000
65,000
65,000
68,000
62,000
64,000
65,000
69,000
83,000
70,000
S
30,000
90,000
78,000
86,000
98,000
85,000
94,000
75,000
S
89,000
84,000
S
86,000
96,000
120,000
78,000
70,000
60,000
65,000
51,000
58,000
45,000
45,000
83,000
65,000
60,000
75,000
58,000
63,000
59,000
60,000
80,000
80,000
S
76,000
81,000
72,000
85,000
78,000
85,000
78,000
70,000
S
85,000
80,000
40,000
110,000
109,000
69,000
85,000
70,000
70,000
117,000
81,000
63,000
60,000
57,000
69,000
80,000
69,000
79,000
70,000
68,000
64,000
63,000
90,000
104,000
72,000
70,000
94,000
80,000
96,000
104,000
96,000
80,000
82,000
100,000
80,000
86,000
77,000
103,000
120,000
90,000
92,000
S
90,000
S
S
90,000
S
S
S
S
17,000
S
S
S
S
S
85,000
90,000
S
S
S
67,000
87,000
S
87,000
S
S
S
S
83,000
S
S
S
S
S
59,000
52,000
47,000
S
47,000
26,000
19,000
26,000
84,000
65,000
S
60,000
70,000
86,000
65,000
80,000
101,000
S
68,000
91,000
80,000
80,000
120,000
80,000
58,000
68,000
S
65,000
70,000
S
S
S
68,000
52,000
Appendix table 3-16

(Dollars)
Occupation
White
Native Hawaiian/
Other Pacific
islander
Two or more
races
All categories
Asian
American Indian/
Alaska Native
82,000
72,000
74,000
82,000
83,000
83,000
S
56,000
60,000
67,000
64,000
64,000
90,000
69,000
70,000
83,000
72,000
75,000
S
67,000
65,000
104,000
64,000
70,000
Black
Hispanic
150,000
150,000
125,000
150,000
141,000
160,000
150,000
125,000

68,000
80,000
55,000
65,000
64,000
67,000
60,000
75,000

50,000
52,000
37,000
48,000
48,000
52,000
50,000
35,000
49,000
68,000
110,000
120,000
120,000
95,000
100,000
52,000
52,000
52,000
65,000
45,000
80,000
66,000
43,000
43,000
60,000
52,000
S
48,000
80,000
104,000
65,000
112,000
130,000
85,000
92,000
76,000
76,000
65,000
80,000
40,000
92,000
120,000
120,000
120,000
110,000
120,000
50,000
51,000
46,000
70,000
50,000
85,000
52,000
56,000
S
45,000
S
S
65,000
80,000
80,000
62,000
120,000
130,000
75,000
91,000
77,000
78,000
65,000
76,000
S
91,000
138,000
S
S
S
S
52,000
50,000
S
35,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
53,000
76,000
85,000
S
S
89,000
45,000
S
89,000
45,000
51,000
96,000
107,000
105,000
72,000
86,000
50,000
50,000
49,000
67,000
45,000
75,000
58,000
55,000
S
60,000
S
S
37,000
77,000
159,000
54,000
90,000
100,000
94,000
85,000
72,000
74,000
50,000
68,000
45,000
65,000
101,000
120,000
98,000
82,000
85,000
50,000
52,000
48,000
58,000
44,000
70,000
70,000
89,000
35,000
55,000
95,000
S
40,000
80,000
S
57,000
100,000
120,000
78,000
95,000
65,000
70,000
56,000
75,000
54,000
70,000
110,000
120,000
120,000
96,000
100,000
52,000
52,000
52,000
66,000
45,000
80,000
67,000
42,000
43,000
60,000
52,000
S
50,000
82,000
108,000
66,000
115,000
132,000
87,000
95,000
80,000
79,000
68,000
83,000
S
S
67,000
S
102,000
90,000
S
42,000
42,000
S
49,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
70,000
160,000
160,000
S
S
75,000
S
S
119,000
47,000
87,000
102,000
110,000
102,000
55,000
74,000
46,000
41,000
57,000
60,000
26,000
86,000
70,000
S
S
S
S
S
36,000
64,000
S
53,000
136,000
164,000
92,000
98,000
50,000
41,000
64,000
52,000

S&E managers
Secondary school teacherscomputer, math or sciences
Architects
Actuaries
Non-S&E occupations
Non-S&E managers
Appendix table 3-16

(Dollars)
White
Native Hawaiian/
Other Pacific
islander
Two or more
races
48,000
38,000
50,000
51,000
50,000
33,000
63,000
45,000
45,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
51,000
S
65,000
45,000
40,000
S
52,000
S
All categories
Asian
American Indian/
Alaska Native

and marketing
47,000
36,000
50,000
50,000
49,000
34,000
61,000
49,000
44,000
30,000
50,000
44,000
44,000
S
90,000
S
44,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
95,000
120,000
54,000
50,000
92,000
and substance abuse
64,000
59,000
50,000
52,000
70,000
60,000
45,000
46,000
67,000
18,000
61,000
S
S
68,000
46,000
40,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
50,000
S
44,000
62,000
S
109,000
S
41,000
45,000
54,000
63,000
59,000
61,000
52,000
S
50,000
46,000
40,000
65,000
58,000
45,000
50,000
70,000
61,000
45,000
46,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
48,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
99,000
45,000
S
45,000
55,000
60,000
41,000
43,000
45,000
48,000
44,000
Social workers
45,000
70,000
72,000
80,000
40,000
75,000
57,000
43,000
68,000
70,000
81,000
36,000
70,000
45,000
57,000
75,000
S
75,000
S
S
S
45,000
55,000
67,000
55,000
44,000
50,000
59,000
54,000
65,000
71,000
75,000
33,000
68,000
71,000
45,000
74,000
75,000
84,000
40,000
80,000
57,000
S
50,000
S
S
S
S
S
48,000
60,000
70,000
62,000
69,000
46,000
43,000
57,000
45,000
59,000
71,000
57,000
43,000
56,000
53,000
38,000
33,000
40,000
36,000
116,000
53,000
30,000
58,000
45,000
S
49,000
40,000
35,000
40,000
50,000
128,000
49,000
40,000
42,000
55,000
S
34,000
S
S
47,000
S
S
S
S
53,000
S
S
50,000
42,000
35,000
37,000
S
100,000
63,000
30,000
60,000
42,000
S
45,000
40,000
39,000
35,000
73,000
140,000
50,000
20,000
50,000
50,000
65,000
56,000
34,000
32,000
40,000
36,000
115,000
49,000
30,000
60,000
43,000
S
48,000
S
S
40,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
53,000
S
31,000
41,000
28,000
122,000
S
36,000
69,000
48,000
Occupation
Historians
Lawyers, judges
Black
Hispanic
45,000
22,000
45,000
42,000
48,000
45,000
45,000
S
45,000
32,000
46,000
41,000
47,000
53,000
55,000
S
Appendix table 3-16

(Dollars)
Occupation
Other occupations
All categories
Asian
American Indian/
Alaska Native
45,000
65,000
54,000
50,000
54,000
55,000
40,000
60,000
56,000
50,000
56,000
55,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
Black
Hispanic
49,000
52,000
80,000
58,000
35,000
60,000
43,000
68,000
36,000
40,000
43,000
42,000
White
Native Hawaiian/
Other Pacific
islander
Two or more
races
45,000
65,000
55,000
55,000
55,000
56,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
45,000
85,000
21,000
95,000
51,000
62,000

NOTES: Dollars rounded to the nearest $1,000. Full-time includes those who typically work 35 or more hours weekly in their principal jobs.
Appendix table 3-17

Full-time S&E workers who are foreign-born, by occupation and highest degree level: 2003 and 2008
(Percent)
2003
Occupation
Mathematicians
Statisticians
Oceanographers
Astronomers
Physicists
All levels
23
26
26
28
16
25
28
18
22
13
38
19
26
15
25
13
26
25
26
24
15
29
37
22
34
25
7
18
12
20
12
22
28
10
15
8
15
32
32
32
13
Bachelor's
17
19
19
11
15
19
21
15
17
11
27
4
S
6
S
S
7
8
S
11
11
12
13
12
12
12
S
S
S
S
S
13
17
6
S
7
S
S
S
S
7
2008
Master's
30
39
41
37
25
41
44
25
37
18
53
23
S
25
21
S
13
18
11
18
15
23
25
19
28
21
S
6
S
S
S
20
37
6
S
5
S
24
S
24
11
Doctorate
38
49
54
54
38
35
50
56
34
39
62
44
39
37
48
41
43
44
42
42
28
50
57
40
52
53
20
21
16
22
18
37
44
32
37
30
26
41
36
41
53
All levels
25
29
29
31
17
28
33
21
26
21
38
26
29
24
29
19
30
37
27
26
15
31
38
19
41
29
7
23
21
24
5
23
30
11
13
10
24
36
30
36
S
Bachelor's
17
20
20
8
15
21
24
17
18
17
25
11
S
12
13
S
10
S
S
14
6
17
11
11
31
17
S
S
S
S
S
13
19
7
S
8
S
22
S
23
2
Master's
34
45
47
44
28
45
51
32
47
32
56
29
S
35
24
S
21
36
17
25
25
30
40
21
35
38
S
7
S
S
S
24
48
10
11
8
S
41
S
41
7
Doctorate
39
52
57
60
39
44
43
40
70
32
64
52
41
50
56
61
43
49
39
39
33
45
56
33
46
45
24
23
28
23
S
36
45
29
31
27
35
38
30
39
38
Appendix table 3-17

(Percent)
2003
Occupation
and marine sciences
Economists
Anthropologists
Sociologists
Engineers
Chemical engineers
Nuclear engineers
Petroleum engineers
2008
All levels
24
24
Bachelor's
17
S
Master's
14
30
Doctorate
27
25
All levels
24
21
Bachelor's
9
11
Master's
11
S
Doctorate
30
26
16
22
20
28
31
13
20
9
9
4
3
4
14
16
28
18
12
10
14
22
16
24
20
32
46
30
17
19
5
36
12
23
22
6
11
13
S
10
9
S
25
S
S
S
10
S
S
S
S
S
S
16
13
15
15
26
39
23
13
13
S
17
10
22
15
S
9
7
15
11
19
S
5
S
S
S
20
9
16
S
27
S
S
30
19
32
32
41
54
38
26
29
S
53
14
22
22
S
7
28
35
16
33
20
10
6
5
7
23
18
33
20
10
13
20
51
37
53
60
61
70
60
33
59
45
44
33
42
45
84
38
62
34
14
20
19
12
14
10
18
12
17
34
15
12
12
15
24
18
24
21
34
47
32
24
19
39
34
14
11
26
16
14
12
S
10
S
S
21
S
S
S
8
S
S
S
S
S
S
16
14
15
15
24
41
22
23
12
S
22
12
S
11
S
7
5
22
12
16
17
9
9
S
22
15
8
21
S
S
S
S
33
20
32
33
48
52
47
24
29
S
38
15
27
33
S
17
29
38
19
40
24
13
27
33
20
27
19
37
16
12
13
23
56
41
52
62
63
62
63
55
64
53
54
40
S
53
60
46
47
Appendix table 3-17

(Percent)
2003
Occupation
Sales engineers
Other engineers
All levels
11
17
37
Bachelor's
7
10
S
2008
Master's
23
31
22
Doctorate
S
61
44
All levels
10
17
44
Bachelor's
6
9
S
Master's
33
21
15
Doctorate
43
48
54

NOTES: 2003 and 2008 data do not capture immigrants with foreign degrees who entered the United States after April 2000. The relative size of this undercount is larger in 2008 than in
2003. Full-time includes those who typically work 35 or more hours weekly in their principal jobs.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT) (2003 and 2008),
Appendix table 3-18

Place of birth and proportion with U.S. highest degrees of non-U.S.-born S&E highest degree holders: 2003 and 2008
2003
Location
Non-U.S.
Europe
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany, not specified
West Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Liechtenstein
Malta
Monaco
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Azores Islands
Romania
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom, not specified
England
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland
Yugoslavia
Eastern Europe, not specified
Czech, Rep. of Slovakia
Serbia/Montenegro/Kosovo
Slovenia
Macedonia
Bosnia and Hercegovina
Croatia
USSR
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Moldova
Belarus (Byelarus)
Russia
Kazakhstan
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Georgia (country)
Uzbekistan
Ukraine
Turkmenistan
2008
Foreign born
% with U.S. S&E

highest degrees
Foreign born
% with U.S. S&E

highest degrees
1,860,000
391,000
3,000
3,000
4,000
6,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
20,000
63,000
1,000
10,000
5,000
<500
12,000
13,000
S
<500
S
8,000
3,000
27,000
4,000
S
14,000
6,000
3,000
4,000
26,000
46,000
5,000
2,000
1,000
3,000
<500
1,000
1,000
S
S
3,000
3,000
9,000
1,000
2,000
1,000
3,000
4,000
31,000
1,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
2,000
27,000
S
60
49
35
52
66
13
62
67
49
53
81
S
85
69
S
47
81
S
S
S
38
70
36
93
S
47
74
58
54
32
40
57
21
21
78
S
34
S
S
S
S
31
52
S
83
S
S
23
22
S
S
S
S
39
26
S
2,024,000
390,000
3,000
4,000
4,000
5,000
2,000
2,000
1,000
22,000
63,000
2,000
9,000
5,000
1,000
10,000
14,000
S
S
S
9,000
4,000
26,000
5,000
S
13,000
6,000
5,000
5,000
29,000
41,000
3,000
1,000
1,000
3,000
S
2,000
3,000
S
S
4,000
2,000
8,000
1,000
3,000
1,000
S
5,000
30,000
1,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
1,000
23,000
S
68
57
54
67
65
36
65
46
83
59
84
S
93
81
S
52
90
S
S
S
38
78
52
94
S
51
87
85
58
39
39
68
42
27
71
S
54
52
S
S
39
64
48
S
73
S
S
47
32
S
21
S
32
S
30
S
Appendix table 3-18

2003
Location
Asia
Afghanistan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China
Cyprus
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea, not specified
South Korea
North Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Macao
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
Oman
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Vietnam
Yemen, Peoples Democratic Republic
Yemen Arab Republic
Yemen, Unified (1991 and after)
East Asia, not specified
Gaza Strip
IraqSaudi Arabia Neutral Zone
Middle East, not specified
Palestine, not specified
West Bank
North America
Bermuda
Canada
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
2008
Foreign born
% with U.S. S&E

highest degrees
Foreign born
% with U.S. S&E

highest degrees
1,032,000
4,000
S
12,000
4,000
3,000
172,000
1,000
34,000
301,000
6,000
48,000
4,000
10,000
36,000
2,000
47,000
15,000
S
1,000
3,000
10,000
<500
10,000
S
S
2,000
S
27,000
116,000
<500
2,000
6,000
3,000
69,000
10,000
11,000
S
55,000
S
3,000
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
80,000
<500
79,000
82,000
<500
4,000
6,000
5,000
63
46
S
57
42
94
72
S
90
47
84
85
45
71
69
S
66
94
S
S
94
93
S
85
S
S
80
S
52
35
S
68
95
93
83
70
66
S
96
S
51
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
56
S
56
65
S
90
81
90
1,176,000
7,000
S
11,000
5,000
5,000
206,000
1,000
39,000
350,000
10,000
48,000
5,000
9,000
41,000
3,000
37,000
29,000
S
4,000
3,000
8,000
<500
13,000
S
S
5,000
S
36,000
119,000
1,000
3,000
5,000
3,000
78,000
12,000
11,000
1,000
66,000
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
1,000
S
80,000
<500
79,000
95,000
<500
2,000
6,000
9,000
72
34
S
76
67
98
77
S
88
60
97
89
50
83
78
S
64
92
S
S
S
96
S
80
S
S
87
S
68
46
S
94
98
88
87
80
76
S
97
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
60
S
60
72
S
S
87
68
Appendix table 3-18

2003
Location
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Caribbean
Antigua and Barbuda
Aruba
Bahamas
Barbados
British Virgin Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
Montserrat
Netherlands Antilles
St. Kitts-Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent and the Grenadines
Trinidad and Tobago
Caribbean, not specified
British West Indies, not specified
West Indies, not specified
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
Africa
Algeria
Angola
Benin (formerly Dahomey)
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Congo
Egypt
Ethiopia
Gabon
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Ivory Coast
Kenya
Lesotho
2008
Foreign born
% with U.S. S&E

highest degrees
Foreign born
% with U.S. S&E

highest degrees
3,000
56,000
3,000
6,000
76,000
S
S
3,000
1,000
S
26,000
S
10,000
<500
7,000
18,000
S
S
1,000
1,000
S
8,000
<500
S
S
96,000
11,000
3,000
10,000
6,000
18,000
9,000
7,000
S
18,000
S
2,000
11,000
86,000
3,000
S
S
S
S
4,000
S
S
15,000
5,000
S
6,000
S
S
S
6,000
S
73
56
57
S
78
S
S
S
94
S
66
S
73
S
60
89
S
S
88
S
S
93
S
S
S
60
55
63
41
77
61
64
67
S
45
S
S
75
61
58
S
S
S
S
72
S
S
45
71
S
89
S
S
S
58
S
4,000
65,000
4,000
6,000
76,000
S
S
2,000
1,000
S
24,000
<500
15,000
<500
9,000
17,000
S
S
1,000
S
S
6,000
<500
S
S
103,000
12,000
2,000
12,000
6,000
22,000
8,000
6,000
<500
20,000
S
3,000
12,000
88,000
1,000
S
S
S
S
2,000
S
<500
12,000
5,000
S
7,000
S
S
<500
10,000
S
78
67
87
98
82
S
S
S
89
S
70
S
86
S
84
87
S
S
S
S
S
89
S
S
S
65
72
S
56
79
63
78
66
S
51
S
S
63
67
S
S
S
S
S
78
S
S
52
91
S
78
S
S
S
68
S
Appendix table 3-18

2003
Location
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Morocco
Mozambique
Namibia
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Mauritius
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zaire
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Africa, not specified
Central Africa, not specified
Eastern Africa, not specified
Western Africa, not specified
Southern Africa, not specified
Eritrea
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
New Zealand
Papua New Guinea
Oceania, not specified
French Southern and Antarctica
Abroad, not specified
2008
Foreign born
% with U.S. S&E

highest degrees
Foreign born
% with U.S. S&E

highest degrees
1,000
1,000
1,000
S
S
S
2,000
S
S
15,000
S
S
S
1,000
S
6,000
4,000
3,000
S
1,000
2,000
1,000
<500
<500
3,000
S
S
2,000
S
S
15,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
6,000
S
1,000
S
2,000
96
90
S
S
S
S
74
S
S
78
S
S
S
42
S
40
19
46
S
38
74
S
S
81
42
S
S
S
S
S
57
65
S
S
S
S
47
S
S
S
S
1,000
3,000
1,000
S
S
S
1,000
S
S
16,000
S
1,000
S
1,000
S
7,000
4,000
4,000
<500
1,000
2,000
S
1,000
<500
2,000
S
S
S
S
S
14,000
8,000
S
S
S
S
5,000
S
S
S
2,000
94
56
S
S
S
S
90
S
S
82
S
87
S
74
S
45
34
41
S
42
80
S
S
71
16
S
S
S
S
S
51
67
S
S
S
S
16
S
S
S
S

NOTES: 2003 and 2008 data do not capture immigrants with foreign degrees who entered the United States after April 2000. The relative size of this
undercount is larger in 2008 than in 2003.
(SESTAT) (2003 and 2008), http://sestat.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 3-19

Occupations of new H-1B visa recipients: FY 2009
Occupation
Computer-related occupations
Administrative specializations, managers, officials
Education
Architecture, engineering, and surveying
Medicine and health
Other
Life sciences
Mathematics and physical sciences
Social sciences
Other professional, technical, and managerial
Number
29,793
13,463
10,840
10,789
8,053
3,171
3,036
2,640
2,155
2,122
Percent
34.6
15.6
12.6
12.5
9.4
3.7
3.5
3.1
2.5
2.5
SOURCES: Department of Homeland Security (DHS), U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services; National Science
Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of DHS administrative records.
Appendix table 3-20

Plans of foreign recipients of U.S. S&E doctorates to stay in the United States, by field and place of origin: 19982009
Foreign S&E doctorate recipients
Field and place of origin
All S&E fields
All non-US citizens
East/South Asia
Chinaa
Taiwan
Japan
South Korea
India
Other
West Asia
Iran
Israel
Turkey
Other
Pacifica/Australasia
Australia
Indonesia
New Zealand
Other
Africa
Egypt
Nigeria
South Africa
Other
Europe
Greece
United Kingdom
Germany
Italy
France
Spain
Other
North/South America
Canada
Mexico
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Peru
Other
Country unknown
Physical/earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences
All non-US citizens
East/South Asia
Chinaa
Taiwan
Japan
South Korea
India
Other
West Asia
Iran
Israel
Turkey
Other
Plans to stay (%)
Definite plans to stay (%)
19982001
200205
200609
19982001
200205
200609
19982001
200205
200609
38,430
22,067
9,992
3,072
695
3,308
3,867
1,133
3,154
373
170
958
1,653
746
199
227
97
223
1,511
329
121
162
899
6,306
402
532
863
377
333
262
3,537
4,301
1,286
784
279
626
129
208
116
873
345
41,768
23,926
11,676
1,918
798
4,166
3,622
1,746
3,770
329
233
1,427
1,781
679
174
241
93
171
1,525
496
79
130
820
6,742
362
494
775
511
392
282
3,926
4,758
1,495
804
328
579
201
325
143
883
368
56,173
35,436
17,443
2,117
951
4,973
8,266
1,686
5,003
656
295
1,792
2,260
771
204
208
94
265
1,983
433
217
111
1,222
7,082
444
474
752
533
523
304
4,052
5,481
1,745
752
446
567
253
490
203
1,025
417
71.6
77.9
90.8
63.4
52.1
61.3
88.2
32.6
60.9
85.3
56.5
58.2
57.5
56.2
64.3
41.4
59.8
62.3
63.5
55.6
86.0
63.0
63.5
72.3
68.7
77.3
62.7
58.1
68.8
55.3
77.4
53.4
68.4
36.6
60.9
34.0
52.7
56.7
62.9
55.8
45.5
73.5
79.6
91.6
65.1
57.1
69.5
88.3
31.3
60.9
89.1
72.1
60.4
54.6
64.5
69.0
56.0
60.2
74.3
66.1
62.7
88.6
47.7
68.9
74.5
66.9
78.7
67.0
65.6
67.6
61.7
78.9
58.4
66.6
46.8
70.4
43.7
37.8
57.2
72.7
63.4
33.2
77.2
81.9
89.0
67.3
57.8
69.6
88.6
44.7
71.0
91.9
65.1
70.5
66.2
72.5
69.6
68.8
70.2
78.5
73.1
70.4
85.3
55.0
73.6
72.5
64.9
73.6
67.4
66.2
69.6
61.5
76.2
62.6
66.4
53.3
65.5
50.4
36.8
64.7
71.9
71.9
50.8
49.4
53.4
62.0
38.1
34.8
41.1
66.5
20.7
40.3
53.1
36.5
40.5
37.7
39.5
46.7
28.2
47.4
41.3
35.1
36.8
37.2
38.9
33.6
53.5
52.0
58.3
48.4
44.8
45.9
40.1
56.8
38.9
52.4
26.3
46.6
23.6
41.9
40.9
40.5
37.5
21.4
49.3
52.2
60.3
38.4
39.7
42.9
62.9
19.4
40.6
58.4
51.9
42.2
34.5
42.9
51.1
32.4
46.2
47.4
39.8
41.3
41.8
36.2
39.3
53.9
46.7
58.1
51.2
48.7
46.4
44.7
56.7
41.5
50.8
31.2
53.7
31.6
27.9
35.4
46.9
41.7
13.6
51.3
53.5
57.6
40.6
41.1
45.4
59.8
27.5
47.9
60.8
51.9
48.5
43.2
49.8
52.9
43.3
54.3
50.9
43.6
46.0
47.5
39.6
42.5
52.2
45.0
54.4
52.8
48.6
47.8
44.7
54.1
43.9
47.3
40.3
50.7
37.0
25.3
44.5
49.3
45.0
28.1
6,591
3,719
2,212
352
84
451
502
118
368
57
16
92
203
113
6,783
3,674
2,245
194
102
514
463
156
466
42
26
152
246
100
8,830
5,234
3,164
226
146
598
925
175
737
61
24
223
429
152
78.2
84.1
90.9
70.7
63.1
71.4
86.5
48.3
67.1
78.9
62.5
57.6
68.5
62.8
80.6
87.0
92.6
76.3
68.6
83.3
86.2
47.4
68.2
83.3
76.9
68.4
64.6
76.0
79.9
84.2
88.1
78.3
57.5
77.8
85.9
54.9
78.0
85.2
70.8
78.9
76.9
81.6
56.5
59.0
62.9
46.9
39.3
54.5
64.1
31.4
48.4
57.9
43.8
41.3
49.3
43.4
57.2
61.5
63.8
52.6
48.0
62.3
67.0
30.8
47.4
64.3
53.8
50.0
42.3
52.0
54.7
57.2
58.5
59.7
41.1
57.0
58.2
38.3
51.8
54.1
62.5
49.8
52.0
56.6
Appendix table 3-20

Australia
Indonesia
New Zealand
Other
Africa
Egypt
Nigeria
South Africa
Other
Europe
Greece
United Kingdom
Germany
Italy
France
Spain
Other
North/South America
Canada
Mexico
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Peru
Other
Country unknown
All non-US citizens
East/South Asia
Chinaa
Taiwan
Japan
South Korea
India
Other
West Asia
Iran
Israel
Turkey
Other
Australia
Indonesia
New Zealand
Other
Africa
Egypt
Nigeria
South Africa
Other
Europe
Greece
United Kingdom
Germany
Italy
France
Plans to stay (%)
19982001
18
29
14
52
168
25
14
21
108
1,629
66
134
225
77
74
26
1,027
522
193
79
39
54
12
34
14
97
72
200205
27
17
13
43
178
43
9
13
113
1,709
57
98
182
126
106
48
1,092
600
231
92
40
41
16
49
17
114
56
200609
34
25
11
82
340
43
41
14
242
1,593
61
125
134
113
105
48
1,007
712
268
94
64
38
16
63
28
141
62
19982001
66.7
55.2
57.1
67.3
75.6
64.0
78.6
57.1
81.5
73.5
62.1
71.6
58.7
50.6
62.2
61.5
80.6
67.4
80.3
41.8
74.4
44.4
66.7
79.4
64.3
69.1
50.0
200205
63.0
64.7
76.9
88.4
80.9
69.8
88.9
53.8
87.6
77.1
61.4
81.6
68.1
61.1
67.9
54.2
82.7
65.8
67.5
58.7
82.5
39.0
62.5
59.2
76.5
73.7
30.4
200609
67.6
80.0
72.7
89.0
82.1
74.4
82.9
50.0
85.1
71.2
60.7
69.6
53.0
59.3
64.8
64.6
76.8
70.2
64.9
60.6
73.4
71.1
50.0
71.4
89.3
83.0
58.1
19982001
55.6
37.9
35.7
44.2
45.8
52.0
35.7
42.9
46.3
56.7
50.0
58.2
45.8
40.3
44.6
42.3
61.8
54.0
66.8
34.2
56.4
29.6
58.3
70.6
35.7
53.6
26.4
200205
51.9
52.9
69.2
46.5
51.7
46.5
33.3
46.2
55.8
55.3
42.1
65.3
52.2
42.1
46.2
35.4
58.9
50.2
56.7
41.3
57.5
29.3
43.8
40.8
47.1
54.4
16.1
200609
50.0
44.0
63.6
62.2
49.1
44.2
43.9
35.7
51.7
51.2
41.0
56.0
41.8
44.2
49.5
52.1
53.4
51.1
47.4
48.9
56.3
57.9
37.5
54.0
57.1
54.6
32.3
9,003
5,441
3,124
632
97
578
761
249
558
64
35
157
302
170
43
34
22
71
349
28
28
41
252
1,147
59
128
176
43
54
8,750
5,056
2,797
394
121
661
774
309
623
35
23
235
330
155
23
41
32
59
365
87
18
31
229
1,176
60
114
144
64
69
11,488
7,196
3,684
480
165
790
1,757
320
657
42
42
187
386
181
47
30
20
84
508
84
43
34
347
1,298
66
109
163
79
97
75.6
85.0
92.4
72.0
75.3
79.4
89.1
29.7
60.2
85.9
65.7
43.9
62.6
51.2
62.8
29.4
36.4
59.2
57.6
57.1
92.9
63.4
52.8
77.3
71.2
83.6
71.6
60.5
68.5
78.5
88.2
94.3
80.7
73.6
89.7
93.7
31.1
57.3
91.4
82.6
49.8
57.3
61.9
82.6
46.3
50.0
71.2
63.6
63.2
88.9
32.3
65.9
78.9
65.0
84.2
74.3
70.3
75.4
80.5
86.7
90.8
77.5
78.8
85.7
90.8
36.9
74.3
100.0
52.4
80.2
71.0
71.8
80.9
66.7
70.0
69.0
71.5
73.8
93.0
61.8
69.2
77.0
72.7
77.1
76.7
73.4
77.3
51.8
58.5
62.7
47.2
52.6
60.2
62.3
20.9
40.3
51.6
37.1
29.9
43.7
30.6
41.9
20.6
27.3
29.6
29.8
42.9
35.7
41.5
25.8
55.4
55.9
62.5
56.8
46.5
31.5
53.8
59.7
63.0
53.8
49.6
64.4
64.7
18.8
38.2
51.4
52.2
34.5
38.5
41.3
47.8
29.3
37.5
49.2
37.5
43.7
33.3
19.4
38.0
57.8
48.3
56.1
54.2
45.3
52.2
54.0
57.6
58.3
52.1
60.6
61.8
61.5
25.6
49.6
64.3
33.3
57.8
45.9
48.6
63.8
40.0
60.0
40.5
43.3
51.2
51.2
47.1
40.1
54.4
54.5
53.2
59.5
51.9
51.5
Appendix table 3-20

Spain
Other
North/South America
Canada
Mexico
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Peru
Other
Country unknown
Health sciences
All non-US citizens
East/South Asia
Chinaa
Taiwan
Japan
South Korea
India
Other
West Asia
Iran
Israel
Turkey
Other
Australia
Indonesia
New Zealand
Other
Africa
Egypt
Nigeria
South Africa
Other
Europe
Greece
United Kingdom
Germany
Italy
France
Spain
Other
North/South America
Canada
Mexico
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Peru
Other
Country unknown
All non-US citizens
East/South Asia
Plans to stay (%)
19982001
57
630
1,272
311
281
89
185
45
63
26
272
66
200205
42
683
1,312
370
228
86
161
58
92
41
276
63
200609
53
731
1,592
460
204
155
188
77
132
62
314
56
19982001
54.4
82.2
49.8
72.7
31.3
59.6
27.6
62.2
55.6
73.1
48.9
54.5
200205
78.6
81.4
59.0
72.4
44.3
68.6
38.5
50.0
55.4
78.0
62.3
38.1
200609
66.0
78.7
62.8
70.9
45.6
60.6
52.7
46.8
63.6
75.8
70.4
57.1
19982001
35.1
58.1
35.2
55.9
21.7
44.9
19.5
46.7
36.5
46.2
29.8
24.2
200205
52.4
61.8
43.0
57.0
30.7
50.0
31.1
39.7
34.8
46.3
42.0
14.3
200609
43.4
54.9
44.1
51.7
32.8
48.4
35.6
31.2
43.2
59.7
43.6
26.8
1,495
872
230
201
32
107
166
136
131
8
5
12
106
36
17
7
7
5
92
16
8
15
53
139
15
24
21
3
10
12
54
205
111
22
5
25
2
9
4
27
20
1,687
970
263
172
43
116
191
185
158
6
10
22
120
27
17
2
1
7
105
30
12
7
56
159
10
30
18
15
7
10
69
246
108
16
7
53
10
9
8
35
22
2,101
1,341
374
210
45
191
398
123
178
14
14
9
141
21
8
5
6
2
130
34
22
7
67
171
9
29
29
4
3
6
91
231
108
19
8
36
4
15
9
32
29
59.4
63.0
89.1
45.8
43.8
57.0
90.4
19.9
44.3
87.5
40.0
58.3
39.6
61.1
76.5
42.9
85.7
0.0
58.7
62.5
100.0
46.7
54.7
61.2
60.0
75.0
57.1
33.3
70.0
66.7
55.6
53.2
61.3
27.3
60.0
28.0
100.0
44.4
50.0
63.0
55.0
61.6
63.4
89.0
44.8
53.5
76.7
88.5
12.4
44.9
100.0
70.0
77.3
34.2
74.1
82.4
0.0
100.0
71.4
61.0
46.7
100.0
57.1
60.7
71.7
80.0
83.3
61.1
80.0
100.0
70.0
63.8
61.0
74.1
62.5
71.4
41.5
20.0
44.4
75.0
60.0
27.3
68.6
73.5
84.2
52.4
53.3
77.5
89.2
27.6
45.5
100.0
42.9
77.8
38.3
66.7
100.0
40.0
33.3
100.0
61.5
61.8
77.3
42.9
58.2
71.3
66.7
82.8
69.0
75.0
66.7
83.3
68.1
62.8
65.7
52.6
75.0
44.4
75.0
86.7
55.6
65.6
44.8
38.7
40.9
59.1
26.4
34.4
38.3
60.2
11.8
23.7
25.0
0.0
50.0
21.7
47.2
58.8
28.6
71.4
0.0
28.3
31.3
50.0
20.0
26.4
44.6
60.0
54.2
47.6
0.0
40.0
41.7
38.9
40.0
46.8
9.1
40.0
24.0
100.0
33.3
50.0
48.1
20.0
40.4
41.1
63.1
25.6
39.5
37.9
59.2
8.1
26.6
66.7
40.0
54.5
18.3
59.3
70.6
0.0
100.0
42.9
36.2
33.3
75.0
42.9
28.6
47.2
60.0
63.3
44.4
46.7
57.1
30.0
40.6
43.9
61.1
43.8
71.4
24.5
20.0
11.1
25.0
34.3
18.2
42.9
46.0
54.5
30.5
35.6
48.7
55.8
14.6
23.0
42.9
28.6
33.3
19.9
42.9
62.5
40.0
16.7
50.0
33.1
35.3
36.4
14.3
32.8
49.7
55.6
65.5
34.5
75.0
66.7
50.0
47.3
42.9
45.4
47.4
62.5
27.8
50.0
53.3
33.3
40.6
24.1
3,695
1,911
4,230
2,220
6,896
4,517
74.4
80.7
75.8
82.1
79.3
84.6
53.5
57.0
55.4
58.3
55.7
58.5
Appendix table 3-20

Chinaa
Taiwan
Japan
South Korea
India
Other
West Asia
Iran
Israel
Turkey
Other
Australia
Indonesia
New Zealand
Other
Africa
Egypt
Nigeria
South Africa
Other
Europe
Greece
United Kingdom
Germany
Italy
France
Spain
Other
North/South America
Canada
Mexico
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Peru
Other
Country unknown
All non-US citizens
East/South Asia
Chinaa
Taiwan
Japan
South Korea
India
Other
West Asia
Iran
Israel
Turkey
Other
Australia
Indonesia
New Zealand
Plans to stay (%)
19982001
807
282
47
306
398
71
296
30
21
88
157
71
28
11
17
15
95
17
4
15
59
956
49
53
107
51
24
28
644
334
99
61
20
59
10
20
2
63
32
200205
1,165
161
46
362
363
123
381
43
32
132
174
57
26
9
14
8
126
51
2
8
65
1,020
64
49
110
54
35
19
689
394
127
61
30
73
12
24
9
58
32
200609
2,667
162
53
488
974
173
552
54
41
217
240
70
26
15
11
18
169
50
10
11
98
1,107
88
47
92
57
43
38
742
429
133
69
28
66
17
38
10
68
52
19982001
89.8
66.0
78.7
66.7
90.2
43.7
57.1
83.3
66.7
65.9
45.9
74.6
71.4
45.5
82.4
93.3
76.8
64.7
100.0
86.7
76.3
75.2
69.4
77.4
62.6
64.7
75.0
46.4
79.7
54.2
65.7
39.3
75.0
44.1
40.0
50.0
100.0
55.6
40.6
200205
90.4
62.7
71.7
77.3
86.8
33.3
64.0
81.4
59.4
72.7
54.0
71.9
57.7
88.9
71.4
100.0
72.2
66.7
100.0
62.5
76.9
74.9
67.2
69.4
64.5
64.8
71.4
52.6
79.2
58.4
63.8
45.9
83.3
49.3
58.3
50.0
66.7
60.3
37.5
200609
89.6
68.5
67.9
74.0
86.4
47.4
65.9
83.3
75.6
62.7
63.3
80.0
69.2
93.3
90.9
77.8
74.6
58.0
90.0
63.6
82.7
72.4
56.8
53.2
55.4
70.2
55.8
55.3
79.5
63.6
63.2
59.4
64.3
56.1
52.9
65.8
60.0
77.9
50.0
19982001
64.6
36.9
57.4
39.9
74.1
28.2
40.2
56.7
52.4
47.7
31.2
54.9
53.6
18.2
64.7
73.3
46.3
52.9
25.0
53.3
44.1
57.0
49.0
66.0
48.6
54.9
37.5
39.3
59.9
39.5
49.5
29.5
60.0
28.8
30.0
40.0
50.0
38.1
21.9
200205
65.7
36.0
52.2
49.7
64.7
26.8
48.6
60.5
46.9
59.1
37.9
57.9
53.8
55.6
57.1
75.0
51.6
39.2
50.0
62.5
60.0
57.6
53.1
57.1
52.7
53.7
57.1
42.1
59.7
43.9
51.2
29.5
73.3
38.4
33.3
25.0
55.6
43.1
12.5
200609
62.2
43.2
45.3
45.9
63.3
27.2
46.0
57.4
58.5
46.1
41.3
67.1
61.5
60.0
81.8
72.2
49.7
42.0
70.0
63.6
50.0
54.0
43.2
46.8
43.5
54.4
41.9
34.2
58.8
46.6
50.4
40.6
39.3
45.5
35.3
52.6
50.0
48.5
30.8
6,101
2,633
653
379
337
677
402
185
507
28
68
148
263
197
66
54
27
6,611
2,631
656
278
356
731
365
245
667
17
112
273
265
164
60
56
16
7,938
3,437
1,133
283
406
854
480
281
827
33
126
416
252
182
59
44
25
53.5
52.0
78.7
33.8
43.6
32.9
78.1
22.7
49.5
71.4
48.5
49.3
47.5
43.7
56.1
16.7
48.1
56.4
56.4
78.0
41.0
46.3
44.6
79.7
31.0
50.7
88.2
67.9
44.7
47.2
50.6
65.0
35.7
50.0
60.3
60.7
77.0
39.2
47.3
48.1
79.4
42.7
57.1
90.9
62.7
53.8
55.2
56.6
54.2
45.5
60.0
36.1
34.1
54.8
17.7
27.9
18.9
56.2
13.0
33.7
28.6
38.2
38.5
30.4
32.5
40.9
7.4
44.4
39.3
37.6
56.4
22.7
32.9
27.5
53.4
17.6
33.4
58.8
50.0
29.3
29.1
34.1
45.0
19.6
31.3
42.7
42.0
55.2
23.3
34.7
30.4
57.3
26.7
41.8
51.5
50.8
40.4
38.5
37.4
42.4
20.5
44.0
Appendix table 3-20

Other
Africa
Egypt
Nigeria
South Africa
Other
Europe
Greece
United Kingdom
Germany
Italy
France
Spain
Other
North/South America
Canada
Mexico
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Peru
Other
Country unknown
Engineering
All non-US citizens
East/South Asia
Chinaa
Taiwan
Japan
South Korea
India
Other
West Asia
Iran
Israel
Turkey
Other
Australia
Indonesia
New Zealand
Other
Africa
Egypt
Nigeria
South Africa
Other
Europe
Greece
United Kingdom
Germany
Italy
France
Spain
Other
North/South America
Plans to stay (%)
19982001
50
379
21
44
38
276
1,221
65
145
173
128
78
95
537
1,116
389
160
78
135
36
35
47
236
48
200205
32
324
47
18
40
219
1,434
51
149
187
151
68
107
721
1,302
478
185
120
129
68
62
39
221
89
200609
54
382
33
27
26
296
1,607
58
117
228
146
85
86
887
1,411
494
185
130
154
66
91
39
252
92
19982001
54.0
59.6
33.3
77.3
57.9
59.1
63.5
63.1
75.2
65.9
57.8
71.8
50.5
62.0
47.9
58.1
33.8
47.4
34.8
41.7
40.0
53.2
49.6
41.7
200205
50.0
56.5
40.4
77.8
40.0
61.2
66.7
58.8
75.8
65.2
60.3
63.2
59.8
68.5
50.5
57.9
33.5
60.8
40.3
26.5
41.9
64.1
56.6
25.8
200609
66.7
60.7
39.4
77.8
34.6
63.9
67.8
65.5
75.2
69.7
61.6
61.2
54.7
69.4
53.6
57.9
48.1
65.4
42.2
27.3
39.6
51.3
62.7
47.8
19982001
42.0
29.0
23.8
38.6
28.9
27.9
47.7
44.6
53.1
49.1
47.7
52.6
40.0
46.9
33.2
41.9
21.3
32.1
25.9
30.6
28.6
40.4
31.4
14.6
200205
40.6
31.5
34.0
33.3
27.5
31.5
51.7
41.2
57.7
53.5
53.0
48.5
49.5
51.2
36.3
43.1
23.2
50.0
31.0
17.6
27.4
41.0
35.3
13.5
200609
42.6
34.6
27.3
33.3
26.9
36.1
51.5
46.6
53.8
57.0
47.3
45.9
40.7
52.4
39.0
42.1
38.4
53.1
31.2
16.7
26.4
30.8
42.5
29.3
11,545
7,491
2,966
1,226
98
1,189
1,638
374
1,294
186
25
461
622
159
27
92
10
30
428
222
23
32
151
1,214
148
48
161
75
93
44
645
852
13,707
9,375
4,550
719
130
1,782
1,466
728
1,475
186
30
613
646
176
21
116
17
22
427
238
20
31
138
1,244
120
54
134
101
107
56
672
904
18,920
13,711
6,421
756
136
2,052
3,732
614
2,052
452
48
740
812
165
30
89
21
25
454
189
74
19
172
1,306
162
47
106
134
190
73
594
1,106
74.9
79.9
92.2
68.4
38.8
63.9
90.0
36.9
66.5
89.2
56.0
64.6
61.6
62.9
70.4
55.4
90.0
70.0
65.2
55.4
91.3
68.8
74.8
73.8
73.6
83.3
55.9
61.3
69.9
65.9
80.2
57.0
75.9
79.6
91.9
68.2
58.5
66.2
88.5
32.6
65.6
91.4
90.0
66.2
56.3
69.3
76.2
66.4
64.7
81.8
68.9
66.8
90.0
64.5
70.3
75.8
72.5
75.9
62.7
74.3
61.7
60.7
82.7
63.5
81.3
83.8
90.4
71.8
61.8
68.1
89.9
49.5
76.7
92.9
77.1
77.2
67.2
80.0
76.7
75.3
81.0
100.0
81.5
78.3
86.5
73.7
83.7
75.8
67.3
87.2
76.4
70.9
75.3
65.8
79.6
68.4
50.7
54.2
61.8
39.5
26.5
39.9
70.5
23.0
42.3
56.5
20.0
43.0
38.6
46.5
48.1
41.3
70.0
53.3
39.7
34.7
34.8
46.9
46.4
51.3
54.7
56.3
42.2
38.7
52.7
45.5
54.1
41.8
46.5
48.3
55.8
35.9
38.5
34.6
63.0
19.4
42.0
57.5
66.7
44.9
33.7
39.8
52.4
35.3
47.1
45.5
40.5
42.4
40.0
51.6
34.8
48.7
45.8
48.1
43.3
50.5
37.4
41.1
52.5
39.6
51.0
51.9
55.4
36.2
36.8
41.6
59.1
28.5
51.1
63.1
66.7
51.2
43.5
52.1
50.0
52.8
52.4
52.0
48.2
50.3
52.7
42.1
44.8
50.6
42.6
55.3
60.4
48.5
46.8
50.7
52.4
44.6
Appendix table 3-20

Canada
Mexico
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Peru
Other
Country unknown
a
19982001
183
181
48
168
24
47
23
178
107
200205
181
222
45
122
37
89
29
179
106
200609
282
181
61
85
73
151
55
218
126
Plans to stay (%)

19982001
76.5
45.3
68.8
34.5
45.8
59.6
69.6
66.3
38.3
200205
73.5
54.5
80.0
53.3
27.0
71.9
75.9
68.7
37.7

200609
77.3
61.3
68.9
49.4
26.0
75.5
78.2
76.6
48.4
19982001
58.5
35.4
60.4
22.6
41.7
36.2
34.8
46.6
19.6
200205
44.8
33.8
51.1
32.8
21.6
43.8
58.6
41.9
11.3
200609
48.6
45.3
49.2
38.8
20.5
49.7
49.1
43.1
25.4
Includes Hong Kong
NOTES: Data include foreign doctorate recipients who are permanent or temporary residents. Recipients who plan to stay think they will locate in the United States; those with
definite plans have a postdoctoral research appointment or a definite employment plan in United States.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, 2011 special tabulations of Survey of Earned Doctorates (19982009).
Appendix table 3-21

Employed S&E highest degree holders, by degree level and age category: 2008
(Percent)
All degree levels
All S&E degrees
Computer science
Applied mathematics
Operations research
Statistics
Other mathematics
Animal sciences
Plant sciences
Biological sciences
Biology, general
Botany
Ecology
Zoology, general
Forestry sciences
Physical sciences
Earth, atmospheric and ocean sciences
Earth sciences
<30
16.8
15.2
16.5
11.2
17.5
9.6
16.0
26.7
12.1
5.9
15.4
10.2
7.7
8.9
16.6
11.7
16.1
11.8
8.7
6.5
18.0
18.7
23.0
8.6
21.8
13.6
14.8
9.1
15.4
5.9
14.7
11.8
12.6
14.6
20.7
4.6
11.8
12.6
9.4
17.5
13.5
3050
54.3
63.1
68.5
70.5
68.5
63.0
70.4
60.7
50.3
57.3
44.1
62.4
65.0
52.4
53.7
52.9
56.4
42.8
50.6
54.9
53.4
56.7
51.4
37.6
63.1
56.9
59.7
57.5
58.9
50.7
60.9
41.0
54.2
57.1
63.7
46.4
50.3
52.7
48.9
60.7
35.2
Bachelor's
>50
28.9
21.7
15.0
18.4
14.0
27.4
13.6
12.6
37.6
36.8
40.5
27.5
27.3
38.7
29.7
35.4
27.5
45.4
40.7
38.6
28.6
24.6
25.6
53.8
15.1
29.5
25.5
33.3
25.8
43.4
24.4
47.3
33.2
28.3
15.7
49.0
37.9
34.7
41.7
21.8
51.3
<30
19.9
18.0
19.7
14.0
20.0
14.1
19.3
34.7
14.1
5.8
16.6
17.9
7.2
18.8
20.4
13.2
16.0
15.5
10.1
8.4
23.1
28.9
24.3
S
48.2
23.4
S
11.5
23.7
S
24.9
15.3
16.5
16.5
23.3
5.3
15.8
16.8
11.7
22.4
16.3
3050
54.3
63.6
69.6
74.0
68.3
75.2
72.6
60.2
49.7
60.2
43.5
81.1
65.8
57.9
52.7
52.7
56.8
35.9
49.5
55.9
52.0
56.6
50.9
38.1
48.2
51.7
60.1
61.7
57.7
46.2
67.8
45.7
48.7
56.7
63.6
45.5
50.0
52.1
49.6
60.5
38.2
Master's
>50
25.8
18.4
10.7
11.9
11.7
10.7
8.2
5.1
36.2
34.0
39.8
S
27.0
23.3
26.9
34.1
27.2
48.6
40.4
35.7
24.9
14.5
24.8
49.7
S
24.9
S
26.8
18.6
50.3
S
39.1
34.7
26.8
13.2
49.2
34.2
31.0
38.7
17.0
45.5
<30
10.8
9.0
9.4
7.1
11.4
S
7.2
7.1
8.0
8.0
9.8
5.3
8.1
S
9.9
8.0
40.2
S
7.4
S
10.3
21.5
9.0
S
7.2
5.7
20.4
4.8
3.2
13.8
8.5
9.8
20.3
9.6
13.5
S
9.0
8.6
7.5
17.0
5.0
3050
55.2
62.4
65.6
62.1
69.1
S
64.9
61.3
52.2
47.2
45.2
51.6
68.7
60.8
56.6
60.0
49.7
59.0
64.1
59.1
55.2
60.1
59.7
25.7
72.7
62.4
71.4
39.7
62.6
40.2
65.0
35.0
48.9
60.0
65.9
49.1
49.0
54.9
47.7
61.0
26.2
Doctorate
>50
34.0
28.6
25.0
30.8
19.5
S
27.9
31.6
39.8
44.8
45.0
43.1
23.1
37.4
33.5
32.0
S
36.3
28.5
39.7
34.6
18.4
31.3
68.0
20.1
31.9
S
55.4
34.2
46.0
26.5
55.2
30.7
30.3
20.6
48.4
41.9
36.4
44.8
21.9
68.9
<30
3.0
4.9
5.5
2.7
18.0
S
S
S
4.5
2.0
6.2
S
8.1
3.0
2.2
0.8
S
S
S
S
2.4
2.7
2.1
S
1.0
S
4.8
5.2
S
3.2
3.8
S
1.7
1.7
S
S
3.0
3.3
2.1
S
S
3050
53.1
58.0
69.0
70.4
68.5
S
S
S
51.0
56.0
62.9
49.5
52.2
43.8
56.3
43.5
51.1
54.8
40.4
32.7
57.9
56.1
48.1
44.4
74.4
60.2
54.3
58.9
53.5
58.4
48.7
28.3
65.9
50.5
50.6
50.3
52.4
52.9
48.4
60.7
S
>50
44.0
37.1
25.5
26.8
13.5
S
S
S
44.5
42.0
30.9
43.9
39.7
53.3
41.5
55.7
47.7
44.0
58.9
67.3
39.7
41.2
49.9
54.9
24.6
38.8
40.8
35.9
44.7
38.4
47.6
71.7
32.4
47.8
47.7
48.0
44.6
43.8
49.5
38.1
S
Appendix table 3-21

(Percent)
All degree levels
Geology
Oceanography
Physics
Social sciences
Economics
Economics
Psychology
Clinical psychology
General psychology
Social psychology
Other psychology
Criminology
Sociology
Linguistics
Geography
History of science
Engineering
Aerospace, aeronautical, and astronautical engineering
<30
6.9
8.7
10.7
13.0
18.9
12.6
11.2
20.9
18.3
5.1
20.7
23.5
15.3
29.9
22.9
21.1
5.6
8.4
7.0
11.8
32.4
16.4
15.5
13.8
19.4
26.8
23.2
17.3
22.2
38.9
18.5
S
17.5
S
20.4
12.9
14.5
8.3
38.8
13.5
11.4
3050
49.2
49.9
41.2
48.4
40.3
49.0
44.7
48.7
52.2
58.3
51.1
53.7
63.1
60.3
51.6
45.3
41.7
45.0
46.0
43.3
44.0
49.4
51.8
51.9
47.5
46.7
64.8
45.6
48.8
39.4
49.5
61.8
58.4
21.8
49.2
58.9
55.6
49.5
48.9
55.4
55.3
Bachelor's
>50
43.9
41.4
48.1
38.5
40.8
38.4
44.1
30.4
29.5
36.7
28.2
22.8
21.6
9.8
25.5
33.6
52.7
46.6
47.0
44.9
23.6
34.3
32.8
34.3
33.1
26.6
12.0
37.1
29.0
21.7
32.0
36.0
24.1
76.7
30.3
28.2
29.9
42.2
12.3
31.1
33.3
<30
8.3
14.1
19.1
20.7
54.3
20.0
12.3
24.6
20.0
4.8
22.8
26.9
42.9
38.7
24.9
28.2
S
10.0
9.2
17.1
33.7
19.0
20.5
13.9
20.7
32.6
25.0
18.0
26.1
45.7
29.5
S
20.0
S
23.8
13.6
15.2
9.3
62.8
15.3
12.0
3050
50.1
52.9
41.9
47.0
33.5
47.2
44.5
49.3
53.9
61.9
52.4
52.0
48.8
51.5
52.1
46.7
44.4
57.5
57.7
43.5
44.3
50.5
53.6
56.3
47.3
46.1
66.3
45.3
49.6
36.6
46.0
69.8
61.3
S
50.6
58.6
54.1
49.1
35.3
57.6
56.0
Master's
>50
41.6
32.9
39.0
32.4
S
32.8
43.2
26.0
26.1
33.3
24.8
21.1
8.2
9.8
23.0
25.2
54.1
32.4
33.1
39.4
22.1
30.5
25.8
29.7
32.0
21.4
8.7
36.6
24.3
17.6
24.5
30.2
18.8
79.8
25.5
27.8
30.6
41.6
S
27.2
32.1
<30
4.7
8.0
S
11.9
24.1
10.6
9.0
11.0
10.3
8.7
10.5
11.5
9.6
13.9
11.1
11.0
7.3
15.8
7.1
S
19.1
16.9
S
22.0
12.5
12.2
11.9
12.7
10.1
15.0
6.0
S
9.5
S
9.7
12.6
16.0
S
27.2
8.8
10.7
3050
47.7
51.6
34.0
45.4
18.7
48.1
36.2
47.6
41.4
33.1
42.8
62.6
67.3
78.8
47.7
43.3
40.1
37.3
43.8
58.4
43.2
47.8
43.6
49.5
52.6
53.0
54.0
52.0
46.8
48.8
61.4
S
47.8
S
45.2
59.7
59.0
53.0
54.5
46.9
53.4
Doctorate
>50
47.7
40.4
56.2
42.7
S
41.3
54.8
41.4
48.4
58.2
46.7
25.9
23.1
7.3
41.2
45.7
52.5
46.9
49.2
37.8
37.7
35.3
48.0
28.5
34.9
34.8
34.1
35.2
43.1
36.2
32.6
S
42.7
S
45.1
27.6
25.0
39.7
18.3
44.3
35.9
<30
1.3
3.9
S
3.0
5.5
2.7
S
1.9
3.3
S
3.6
0.9
S
S
1.1
1.6
2.9
2.0
S
S
S
6.4
S
1.4
1.4
S
S
2.2
3.5
S
S
S
S
S
S
4.8
4.2
S
10.9
8.1
2.5
3050
46.8
44.6
47.5
52.7
55.6
52.3
64.1
44.7
45.2
42.5
45.6
49.3
53.9
53.7
47.9
44.7
47.7
45.4
43.4
32.8
37.2
64.6
49.7
44.5
42.1
40.6
57.8
42.1
42.2
56.5
40.7
S
46.2
63.3
39.5
58.5
57.4
48.4
66.7
53.7
53.7
>50
51.9
51.4
52.2
44.4
38.9
45.0
35.9
53.4
51.5
56.3
50.8
49.7
46.1
45.3
51.0
53.7
49.4
52.6
56.2
66.2
62.8
29.0
48.7
54.1
56.5
59.2
42.2
55.7
54.4
42.8
57.4
S
51.3
36.7
60.5
36.7
38.4
51.6
22.4
38.2
43.8
Appendix table 3-21

(Percent)
All degree levels
Civil engineering
Electrical, electronics, and communications engineering
Industrial engineering
Materials engineering, including ceramics and textiles
Nuclear engineering
Other engineering
<30
7.4
11.8
12.8
16.8
11.7
11.8
8.9
13.2
11.9
12.1
13.7
13.7
2.4
S
5.8
11.2
10.0
12.2
3050
62.9
54.5
64.0
69.9
62.3
53.1
54.3
44.4
49.0
64.6
61.4
57.2
49.0
55.1
58.7
50.4
62.5
58.7
Bachelor's
>50
29.6
33.7
23.2
13.3
25.9
35.1
36.8
42.4
39.1
23.3
24.9
29.1
48.5
42.0
35.5
38.4
27.5
29.1
<30
7.5
12.5
13.1
21.4
11.2
14.7
12.7
13.8
S
11.8
21.0
14.1
3.6
S
S
15.6
9.1
14.8
3050
69.6
54.5
64.0
71.1
62.3
55.4
58.7
35.3
41.4
64.9
52.0
56.1
49.6
55.4
58.8
57.4
66.3
60.9
Master's
>50
22.9
33.1
22.9
7.5
26.5
29.9
28.6
50.9
33.8
23.4
26.9
29.8
46.8
41.1
37.2
27.0
24.6
24.3
<30
7.3
11.0
13.7
10.8
14.9
10.2
6.9
12.2
S
14.4
10.2
13.5
S
S
17.6
11.1
14.3
10.6
3050
40.2
54.7
64.2
68.4
62.4
49.8
50.8
69.6
58.5
63.9
70.1
61.2
54.2
59.8
58.0
47.3
45.7
59.2
Doctorate
>50
52.5
34.2
22.1
20.8
22.7
40.0
42.3
18.2
41.1
21.7
19.7
25.3
45.8
S
S
41.6
40.1
30.1

NOTES: Total includes professional degrees not broken out separately. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
<30
S
2.5
4.5
6.1
4.2
S
S
S
S
2.8
4.7
5.2
S
S
S
S
S
S
3050
S
53.7
62.9
64.1
62.7
49.4
58.7
49.7
S
63.2
68.6
61.1
41.7
27.6
S
43.2
67.9
40.5
>50
S
43.8
32.6
29.8
33.1
49.0
39.5
49.2
S
34.1
26.8
33.7
58.3
72.4
S
53.8
S
54.5
Appendix table 3-22

R&D personnel in selected regions/countries: 19952009
(Thousands)
Year
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
EU
1,851
1,868
1,859
1,910
1,947
2,000
2,033
2,069
2,092
2,133
2,192
2,286
2,363
2,472
2,496
Japan
948
892
894
926
919
897
869
834
859
873
897
910
912
883
878
South Korea
152
136
137
129
138
138
166
172
186
194
215
238
269
294
NA
China
752
804
831
755
822
922
956
1,035
1,095
1,153
1,365
1,502
1,736
1,965
2,291
NA = not available
EU = European Union
NOTES: Personnel are full-time equivalents. Chinese data between 1995 and 2008 are not
comparable to data for OECD countries nor to Chinese data for 2009. Chinese data between
1995 and 1999 are based on underestimated data and not comparable to data from 2000 to
2008. EU data for 2009 are provisional. Japanese data for 1995 are based on overestimated
data and are not comparable to subsequent years. South Korean count prior to 2007 excludes
social science and humanities researchers.
SOURCE: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Main Science and
Technology Indicators (2011/1 and earlier years).
Russia
1,211
1,113
1,053
967
989
1,007
1,008
987
973
952
920
917
912
870
846
Appendix table 3-23

Researchers as a share of total employment in
regions/countries/economies with 25,000 or more researchers in 2009:
1995, 2003, 2009
(Per thousand)
Austria
Belgium
Canada
China
Chinese Taipei
Czech Republic
Denmark
EU
Finland
France
Germany
Italy
Japan
South Korea
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Russian Federation
Singapore
Spain
Sweden
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
1995
NA
6.0
6.4
0.8
NA
2.3
6.1
4.8
8.2
6.7
6.1
3.5
10.1
4.9
4.8
7.5
3.5
2.6
9.9
4.3
3.5
8.2
0.9
5.2
8.1
2003
NA
7.4
7.7
1.2
7.8
3.2
9.0
5.8
17.8
7.7
6.9
2.9
10.3
6.8
5.3
9.1
4.3
4.0
7.3
9.4
5.2
11.0
1.7
7.1
10.2
NA = not available
EU = European Union
NOTES: Researchers are full-time equivalents. Quality of data and methods of
collecting data can vary between and within regions/countries/economies
across years. Only regions/countries/economies with data in years covered are
displayed.
SOURCE: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Main
Science and Technology Indicators (2011/1 and earlier years).
2009
8.5
8.4
NA
1.5
11.6
5.5
12.3
6.9
16.6
NA
7.7
4.1
10.4
NA
5.4
10.1
3.9
9.1
6.4
10.2
7.0
10.5
2.7
8.3
NA
Appendix table 3-24

Worldwide, domestic, and foreign R&D employment, by selected characteristics: 2009
Worldwide
employees
(1,000s)
Domestic employees
Foreign employees
Number
(1000s)
Percent
Number
(1000s)
Percent
1,879
1,424
76
454
24
3133
325
333
334
335
336
multiple
1,137
201
82
371
45
220
218
850
157
65
260
25
167
176
75
78
79
70
56
76
81
287
44
18
111
21
53
40
25
22
22
30
47
24
18
2123, 4281
51
54
multiple
742
295
374
73
574
206
307
61
77
70
82
84
167
89
67
11
23
30
18
15
Broad occupation
Engineers and their managers
Scientists and their managers
Technicians and technologists
Support staff (clerical and others)
1,097
236
318
228
807
192
247
179
74
81
78
79
289
44
71
50
26
19
22
22
Highest academic degreea

Doctorateb
Other college degree
Other education
1,332
155
976
202
999
128
739
132
75
83
76
65
333
27
237
70
25
17
24
35
Sex
Female
Male
462
1,415
348
1,076
75
76
116
340
25
24
Characteristic
NAICS Code
Total
Manufacturing industries
Chemicals
Machinery
Computer and electronic products
Electrical equipment, appliances, and components
Transportation equipment
All other manufacturing industries
Nonmanufacturing industries
Information
Professional, scientific. and technical services
All other nonmanufacturing industries
NAICS = North American Industry Classification System

aOnly
includes engineers and their managers and scientists and their managers.
excludes MD, JD, and EdD.
bIncludes EngD, ScD;
NOTES: Data are representative of companies where worldwide R&D expense + worldwide R&D costs funded by others > 0. Includes 2002 North American Industry
Classification System (NAICS) codes 2123, 3133, 4281. BRDIS does not include companies with fewer than five domestic employees. Detail may not add to total
because of rounding.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Business R&D and Innovation Survey (2009 preliminary).
Appendix table 3-25

S&E workforce international interaction, by employment and respondent characteristic: 2006
(Number and percent)
Characteristic
All employed scientists and engineers (n )
Reporting international collaboration
Total Percent
18,927,000
Business/industry
Self-employed,
unincorporated
For-profit
business
9,978,000
1,329,000
Non-profit
1,830,000
Government
Federal State/local
824,000 1,405,000
Education
4-year
Other
educational educational
institutionsa institutionsb
1,549,000 2,014,000
3,157,000
16.7
24.2
8.3
6.9
17.8
4.9
14.8
3.0
Sex
Male
Female
2,293,000
865,000
21.5
10.5
27.9
17.2
9.7
6.0
11.5
4.9
19.5
14.3
5.7
4.1
18.1
11.6
4.4
2.3
Place of birth
U.S. born
Not U.S. born
2,397,000
761,000
15.3
23.7
22.5
31.1
6.8
16.9
6.7
8.5
18.5
12.4
4.7
6.6
13.9
17.9
2.9
3.8
Place of postsecondary education

All degrees earned in United States
Degrees earned abroad and in United States
All degrees earned abroad
2,675,000
229,000
254,000
15.7
31.4
22.8
23.1
40.8
28.3
7.4
23.6
14.5
6.7
13.3
8.6
17.9
21.4
10.6
4.7
11.4
7.2
13.9
19.0
21.7
2.9
7.4
4.1
Highest degree of educational attainment

Bachelor's
Master's
Professional
Doctorate
1,761,000
970,000
171,000
254,000
16.2
18.0
9.7
28.8
22.7
31.6
10.7
40.1
8.1
8.4
7.0
17.5
5.4
8.6
6.2
24.1
15.2
20.5
14.9
32.8
4.9
4.6
5.0
12.8
10.4
10.1
15.3
26.5
3.1
2.7
0.6
8.1
Occupation
S&E occupations
Computer/mathematical scientists
Biological/agricultural/other life scientists
Physical scientists
Social scientists
Engineers
Non-S&E occupations
1,416,000
667,000
116,000
80,000
70,000
483,000
394,000
1,348,000
28.2
31.6
23.9
23.9
14.8
29.8
7.5
15.6
36.2
39.1
33.3
28.1
30.3
34.3
11.0
22.4
15.2
23.3
18.4
28.2
4.0
13.7
4.2
8.5
16.8
12.5
28.3
35.7
10.4
24.5
3.4
8.8
18.4
18.2
18.5
25.5
20.0
16.5
13.0
19.7
6.1
5.3
11.2
4.6
2.9
6.4
4.0
4.8
18.8
12.1
22.3
23.7
19.0
19.4
9.6
14.1
2.7
1.9
7.4
4.4
1.8
6.7
2.7
3.2
Primary or secondary work activity

Accounting, finance, contracts
Computer applications, programming, systems development
Human resources, including recruiting, personnel development, training
Managing or supervising people or projects
Production, operations, maintenance (e.g. chip production, operating lab equipment)
Professional services (e.g., health care, counseling, financial services, legal services)
Quality or productivity management
R&D
Sales, purchasing, marketing, customer service, public relations
Teaching
2,171,000
2,110,000
1,158,000
6,991,000
1,322,000
5,580,000
1,382,000
5,212,000
3,276,000
3,341,000
17.1
27.8
16.3
20.7
17.1
7.5
20.2
25.3
18.7
6.3
21.5
34.7
23.6
29.7
21.5
9.7
26.5
33.6
23.3
8.2
7.5
14.2
8.0
8.8
9.1
6.6
9.6
13.4
7.1
4.7
12.0
10.2
8.7
8.0
8.4
3.6
6.5
14.0
8.0
5.2
14.6
10.9
25.2
22.8
11.8
13.2
18.5
21.9
11.5
13.4
4.4
8.1
5.8
4.9
5.6
4.2
5.6
6.8
5.3
2.8
12.0
14.0
11.5
14.7
7.5
9.8
9.6
20.2
10.8
14.7
2.5
7.2
4.3
3.0
0.5
3.7
1.3
4.0
6.7
2.8
NOTES: Scientists and engineers refers to all persons who have received a bachelor's degree or higher in science, engineering (S&E), or S&E-related field, plus persons holding a non-S&E bachelor's or higher degree who
were employed in an S&E or S&E-related occupation in 2003. Numbers rounded to nearest thousand. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and because respondents may provide more than one response for work
activity.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Scientists and Engineers Statistical Data System (SESTAT) (2006)., http://sestat.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 4-1

Gross domestic product and implicit price deflators: 19532010
Calendar year
Federal fiscal year
GDP (billions)
GDP (billions)
Year
Current $
Constant
2005 $
GDP price
deflatora
Current $
Constant
2005 $
GDP price deflatora
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
379.3
380.4
414.7
437.4
461.1
467.2
506.6
526.4
544.8
585.7
617.8
663.6
719.1
787.7
832.4
909.8
984.4
1,038.3
1,126.8
1,237.9
1,382.3
1,499.5
1,637.7
1,824.6
2,030.1
2,293.8
2,562.2
2,788.1
3,126.8
3,253.2
3,534.6
3,930.9
4,217.5
4,460.1
4,736.4
5,100.4
5,482.1
5,800.5
5,992.1
6,342.3
6,667.4
7,085.2
7,414.7
7,838.5
8,332.4
8,793.5
9,353.5
9,951.5
10,286.2
10,642.3
11,142.2
11,853.3
12,623.0
13,377.2
14,028.7
2,347.2
2,332.4
2,500.3
2,549.7
2,601.1
2,577.6
2,762.5
2,830.9
2,896.9
3,072.4
3,206.7
3,392.3
3,610.1
3,845.3
3,942.5
4,133.4
4,261.8
4,269.9
4,413.3
4,647.7
4,917.0
4,889.9
4,879.5
5,141.3
5,377.7
5,677.6
5,855.0
5,839.0
5,987.2
5,870.9
6,136.2
6,577.1
6,849.3
7,086.5
7,313.3
7,613.9
7,885.9
8,033.9
8,015.1
8,287.1
8,523.4
8,870.7
9,093.7
9,433.9
9,854.3
10,283.5
10,779.8
11,216.4
11,337.5
11,543.1
11,836.4
12,246.9
12,623.0
12,958.5
13,206.4
0.1616
0.1631
0.1659
0.1715
0.1773
0.1813
0.1834
0.1859
0.1881
0.1906
0.1927
0.1956
0.1992
0.2048
0.2111
0.2201
0.2310
0.2432
0.2553
0.2663
0.2811
0.3067
0.3356
0.3549
0.3775
0.4040
0.4376
0.4775
0.5222
0.5541
0.5760
0.5977
0.6158
0.6294
0.6476
0.6699
0.6952
0.7220
0.7476
0.7653
0.7822
0.7987
0.8154
0.8309
0.8456
0.8551
0.8677
0.8872
0.9073
0.9220
0.9414
0.9679
1.0000
1.0323
1.0623
372.5
377.0
395.9
427.0
450.9
460.0
490.2
518.9
529.9
567.8
599.2
641.5
687.5
755.8
810.0
868.4
948.1
1,012.7
1,080.0
1,176.5
1,310.6
1,438.5
1,560.2
1,738.1
1,973.5
2,217.5
2,501.4
2,724.2
3,057.0
3,223.7
3,440.7
3,844.4
4,146.3
4,403.9
4,651.4
5,008.5
5,399.5
5,734.5
5,930.5
6,242.0
6,587.3
6,976.6
7,341.1
7,718.3
8,211.7
8,663.0
9,208.4
9,821.0
10,225.3
10,543.9
10,979.8
11,685.6
12,445.7
13,224.9
13,891.8
2,296.5
2,297.4
2,393.6
2,516.2
2,561.9
2,537.2
2,664.1
2,785.3
2,805.2
2,972.8
3,098.2
3,278.0
3,451.3
3,715.8
3,859.0
3,996.3
4,171.1
4,228.4
4,294.2
4,466.6
4,767.6
4,882.9
4,793.2
4,981.7
5,262.7
5,539.6
5,783.6
5,787.6
5,911.8
5,834.8
5,965.2
6,427.7
6,714.7
6,970.4
7,171.4
7,482.1
7,764.6
7,953.5
7,925.3
8,129.7
8,393.6
8,705.5
8,970.1
9,252.3
9,666.5
10,069.7
10,563.7
11,048.5
11,237.8
11,400.0
11,628.7
12,066.9
12,445.7
12,787.6
13,039.0
0.1622
0.1641
0.1654
0.1697
0.1760
0.1813
0.1840
0.1863
0.1889
0.1910
0.1934
0.1957
0.1992
0.2034
0.2099
0.2173
0.2273
0.2395
0.2515
0.2634
0.2749
0.2946
0.3255
0.3489
0.3750
0.4003
0.4325
0.4707
0.5171
0.5525
0.5768
0.5981
0.6175
0.6318
0.6486
0.6694
0.6954
0.7210
0.7483
0.7678
0.7848
0.8014
0.8184
0.8342
0.8495
0.8603
0.8717
0.8889
0.9099
0.9249
0.9442
0.9684
1.0000
1.0342
1.0654
Appendix table 4-1

Gross domestic product and implicit price deflators: 19532010
Calendar year
Federal fiscal year
GDP (billions)
GDP (billions)
Year
Current $
Constant
2005 $
GDP price
deflatora
Current $
Constant
2005 $
GDP price deflatora
2008
2009
2010
14,291.5
13,939.0
14,526.5
13,161.9
12,703.1
13,088.0
1.0858
1.0973
1.1099
14,394.1
14,097.5
14,508.2
13,208.0
12,766.0
13,038.7
1.0898
1.1043
1.1127
GDP = gross domestic product

a2005 =
1.0000.
SOURCE: Calendar year figures from Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Business, 29 July 2011. Fiscal year figures
from the Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government for Fiscal Year 2012, Historical Tables
(Table 10.1), 14 February 2011.
Appendix table 4-2

Purchasing power parity, market exchange rate, ratio of market exchange rate to purchasing
power parity, for selected countries: 19812009
(Foreign currency/U.S. dollars)
Year
Germany
France
United
Kingdom
Japan
China
South
Korea
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1.063
1.048
1.037
1.019
1.010
1.017
1.001
0.984
0.975
0.971
0.967
0.991
1.006
1.009
1.007
0.994
0.990
0.988
0.975
0.967
0.956
0.942
0.918
0.896
0.867
0.838
0.830
0.813
0.806
0.867
0.915
0.964
0.996
1.020
1.051
1.049
1.045
1.041
1.028
1.018
1.016
1.009
1.002
0.995
0.989
0.974
0.967
0.960
0.939
0.919
0.905
0.938
0.940
0.923
0.903
0.892
0.887
0.878
0.504
0.510
0.517
0.521
0.535
0.542
0.554
0.569
0.589
0.611
0.628
0.636
0.641
0.637
0.641
0.642
0.635
0.645
0.653
0.636
0.627
0.628
0.641
0.632
0.636
0.627
0.645
0.639
0.642
233.389
223.411
216.874
212.669
208.441
207.507
201.379
195.301
192.363
189.398
187.679
186.239
183.035
179.491
174.968
170.600
168.522
166.579
162.036
154.753
149.461
143.774
139.687
134.375
129.552
124.616
120.163
116.846
114.697
1.789
1.614
1.568
1.586
1.697
1.739
1.777
1.926
2.014
2.052
2.117
2.239
2.521
2.978
3.318
3.466
3.457
3.389
3.298
3.295
3.289
3.255
3.267
3.403
3.448
3.465
3.623
3.822
3.764
459.316
459.558
463.651
466.778
471.992
481.189
489.851
505.256
514.749
547.089
582.349
613.518
638.963
674.027
709.563
730.915
745.844
774.028
754.893
746.209
757.832
769.772
794.241
795.778
788.920
774.748
768.270
785.718
804.718
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
1.156
1.241
1.305
1.455
1.505
1.110
0.919
0.898
0.961
0.826
0.849
0.798
0.845
0.830
0.733
0.769
0.887
0.900
0.939
1.085
1.118
1.063
0.886
0.828
1.002
1.162
1.332
1.370
1.056
0.916
0.908
0.973
0.830
0.860
0.807
0.863
0.846
0.761
0.780
0.890
0.899
0.939
1.085
1.118
1.063
0.886
MER
0.498
0.572
0.660
0.752
0.779
0.682
0.612
0.562
0.611
0.563
0.567
0.570
0.667
0.653
0.634
0.641
0.611
0.604
0.618
0.661
0.695
0.667
0.612
220.540
249.080
237.510
237.520
238.540
168.520
144.640
128.150
137.960
144.792
134.707
126.651
111.198
102.208
94.060
108.779
120.991
130.905
113.907
107.765
121.529
125.388
115.933
1.705
1.893
1.976
2.320
2.937
3.453
3.722
3.722
3.765
4.783
5.323
5.515
5.762
8.619
8.351
8.314
8.290
8.279
8.278
8.279
8.277
8.277
8.277
681.030
731.080
775.750
805.980
870.020
881.450
822.570
731.470
671.460
707.764
733.353
780.651
802.671
803.446
771.273
804.453
951.289
1401.440
1188.820
1130.960
1290.990
1251.090
1191.610
PPP
Appendix table 4-2

Purchasing power parity, market exchange rate, ratio of market exchange rate to purchasing
power parity, for selected countries: 19812009
(Foreign currency/U.S. dollars)
Year
Germany
France
United
Kingdom
Japan
China
South
Korea
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
0.805
0.804
0.797
0.731
0.683
0.720
0.805
0.804
0.797
0.731
0.683
0.720
0.546
0.550
0.543
0.500
0.544
0.642
108.193
110.218
116.299
117.754
103.359
93.570
8.277
8.194
7.973
7.608
6.949
6.831
1145.320
1024.120
954.791
929.257
1102.050
1276.930
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1.087
1.184
1.258
1.428
1.490
1.091
0.918
0.913
0.986
0.851
0.878
0.805
0.840
0.823
0.728
0.774
0.896
0.911
0.963
1.122
1.169
1.128
0.965
0.898
0.927
0.951
0.881
0.840
0.893
0.955
1.095
1.205
1.337
1.343
1.005
0.873
0.869
0.935
0.807
0.845
0.794
0.855
0.844
0.765
0.789
0.914
0.930
0.978
1.155
1.217
1.175
0.945
0.856
0.871
0.883
0.820
0.770
0.820
MER/PPP
0.988
1.122
1.277
1.443
1.456
1.258
1.105
0.988
1.037
0.921
0.903
0.896
1.041
1.025
0.989
0.998
0.962
0.936
0.946
1.039
1.108
1.062
0.955
0.864
0.865
0.866
0.775
0.851
1.000
0.945
1.115
1.095
1.117
1.144
0.812
0.718
0.656
0.717
0.764
0.718
0.680
0.608
0.569
0.538
0.638
0.718
0.786
0.703
0.696
0.813
0.872
0.830
0.805
0.851
0.933
0.980
0.885
0.816
0.953
1.173
1.260
1.463
1.731
1.986
2.095
1.933
1.869
2.331
2.514
2.463
2.286
2.894
2.517
2.399
2.398
2.443
2.510
2.513
2.517
2.543
2.534
2.432
2.376
2.301
2.100
1.818
1.815
1.483
1.591
1.673
1.727
1.843
1.832
1.679
1.448
1.304
1.294
1.259
1.272
1.256
1.192
1.087
1.101
1.275
1.811
1.575
1.516
1.704
1.625
1.500
1.439
1.298
1.232
1.210
1.403
1.587
MER = market exchange rate; PPP = purchasing power parity

NOTES: United States = 1.000. Germany data for 198190 are for West Germany.
SOURCE: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Main Science and Technology Indicators
(2011/1).
Appendix table 4-3

U.S. research and development expenditures, by performing sector and source of funds: 19532009
All
Industry
Performer: performers
Year
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Funding
All
source:
sources
Federal
5,160
5,617
6,281
8,500
9,908
10,915
12,490
13,711
14,564
15,636
17,519
19,103
20,252
22,072
23,346
24,666
25,996
26,271
26,952
28,740
30,952
33,359
35,671
39,435
43,338
48,719
55,379
63,224
72,292
80,748
89,950
102,244
114,671
120,249
126,360
133,881
141,891
151,993
160,876
1,015
963
973
1,130
1,297
1,507
1,681
1,801
1,987
2,188
2,558
2,965
3,156
3,308
3,444
3,497
3,790
4,154
4,409
4,676
4,837
5,132
5,561
5,890
6,211
6,962
7,471
7,831
8,605
9,501
10,830
11,916
13,093
13,504
13,588
14,342
15,231
15,671
15,249
Total Federala Industryd

3,630
4,070
4,517
6,272
7,324
8,066
9,200
10,032
10,353
11,037
12,216
13,049
13,812
15,193
15,966
17,014
17,844
17,594
17,829
19,004
20,704
22,239
23,460
26,107
28,863
32,222
37,062
43,228
50,425
57,166
63,683
73,061
82,376
85,932
90,160
94,893
99,860
107,404
114,675
1,430
1,750
2,057
2,995
3,928
4,436
5,217
5,604
5,685
6,008
6,856
7,257
7,367
7,977
7,946
8,145
7,987
7,306
7,175
7,469
7,600
7,572
7,878
8,671
9,523
10,107
11,354
12,752
14,997
17,061
19,095
21,657
25,333
26,000
28,757
28,221
26,359
25,802
24,095
U&C
U&Cb
Other
FFRDCsa
Industry
Federal
2,200
2,320
2,460
3,277
3,396
3,630
3,983
4,428
4,668
5,029
5,360
5,792
6,445
7,216
8,020
8,869
9,857
10,288
10,654
11,535
13,104
14,667
15,582
17,436
19,340
22,115
25,708
30,476
35,428
40,105
44,588
51,404
57,043
59,932
61,403
66,672
73,501
81,602
90,580
Total
Total
NA
NA
123
333
407
323
418
477
555
426
414
463
373
355
419
415
464
473
491
548
545
648
727
890
962
1,082
1,164
1,277
1,385
1,484
1,585
1,739
1,863
1,891
1,995
2,122
2,195
2,323
2,277
273
301
342
391
433
491
586
705
834
993
1,178
1,375
1,595
1,818
2,035
2,187
2,280
2,418
2,565
2,757
2,953
3,216
3,570
3,899
4,346
4,996
5,715
6,455
7,085
7,603
8,251
9,154
10,308
11,540
12,807
14,221
15,634
16,939
18,206
Federal governmente Industry

Current $millions
149
40
21
165
45
24
191
50
27
221
57
32
242
64
37
280
72
39
356
81
40
453
90
40
557
101
40
687
112
41
839
125
41
995
138
41
1,167
150
42
1,335
160
45
1,491
168
52
1,586
185
58
1,624
208
61
1,686
237
66
1,760
262
72
1,890
282
79
2,009
302
90
2,160
320
104
2,400
348
118
2,619
369
131
2,893
394
155
3,329
443
182
3,848
482
215
4,335
519
264
4,670
581
314
4,879
621
363
5,210
658
432
5,748
721
518
6,388
834
630
7,028
969
745
7,768
1,065
831
8,593
1,165
933
9,317
1,274
1,061
9,939
1,399
1,166
10,667
1,483
1,242
Nonprofit
FFRDCsc
Other nonprofit
FFRDCs
Other
Other
U&C
nonprofit
Total
Total Federalc
37
40
42
46
51
56
61
67
75
84
96
114
136
165
200
221
233
259
290
312
343
393
432
480
569
679
785
920
1,058
1,207
1,357
1,514
1,743
2,019
2,262
2,527
2,852
3,187
3,458
27
29
32
36
40
45
50
55
62
70
78
88
101
114
126
139
155
171
182
195
211
239
272
300
337
364
386
419
463
534
595
654
713
780
882
1,003
1,131
1,249
1,358
131
161
187
217
267
316
349
385
440
500
580
629
630
652
696
722
731
727
735
785
841
926
1,067
1,266
1,467
1,772
2,013
2,306
2,484
2,544
2,840
3,243
3,616
3,973
4,287
4,581
4,756
4,894
5,120
112
123
131
146
167
195
234
264
304
363
408
417
472
537
561
596
642
677
709
771
882
988
1,062
1,139
1,213
1,353
1,564
1,658
1,784
1,915
2,176
2,511
2,761
2,867
3,013
3,213
3,669
4,126
4,652
58
61
64
71
79
95
125
148
169
200
234
250
286
329
342
364
388
410
427
472
566
639
675
711
740
830
985
1,017
1,075
1,129
1,306
1,548
1,694
1,686
1,704
1,762
2,062
2,346
2,679
Industry
nonprofit
Total
26
31
35
37
37
38
42
48
49
54
55
55
62
70
74
81
93
95
98
101
105
114
124
135
147
160
174
189
206
224
244
265
289
314
342
372
405
440
479
28
31
32
38
51
62
67
68
86
109
119
112
124
138
145
151
161
172
184
198
211
235
262
292
326
363
405
452
504
561
626
698
778
867
967
1,078
1,202
1,340
1,494
NA
NA
9
11
14
18
22
48
92
130
165
205
215
210
225
235
245
230
215
200
190
210
225
245
275
333
390
469
524
536
585
620
655
541
509
510
547
636
696
Appendix table 4-3

All
Industry
Industry
116,757 22,369
94,388
115,435 20,844
94,591
117,392 20,261
97,131
129,830 21,178 108,652
142,371 21,356 121,015
155,409 21,798 133,611
167,102 22,086 145,016
182,090 20,496 161,594
199,961 17,117 182,844
202,017 16,899 185,118
193,868 16,401 177,467
200,724 17,798 182,926
208,301 20,266 188,035
226,159 21,909 204,250
247,669 24,304 223,365
269,267 26,585 242,682
290,681 36,360 254,321
282,393 39,573 242,820
Funding
All
source:
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
sources
165,350
165,730
169,207
183,625
197,346
212,152
226,457
245,007
267,983
279,755
278,744
291,239
302,503
324,993
350,162
376,960
403,040
400,458
Federal
15,853
16,531
16,355
16,904
16,585
16,819
17,362
17,851
18,374
22,374
23,798
24,982
24,898
26,322
28,240
29,859
29,839
30,901
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
31,931
34,437
37,871
49,548
55,893
60,220
68,106
73,737
77,444
82,022
90,932
97,653
101,672
107,747
110,576
112,063
112,544
108,038
105,561
107,905
110,098
6,281
5,902
5,865
6,590
7,318
8,312
9,167
9,684
10,567
11,476
13,280
15,158
15,845
16,147
16,314
15,888
16,409
17,082
17,268
17,555
17,204
Year
22,463
24,955
27,234
36,561
41,315
44,501
50,168
53,951
55,051
57,897
63,407
66,706
69,340
74,167
75,620
77,298
77,253
72,353
69,830
71,351
73,647
8,849
10,730
12,402
17,459
22,158
24,474
28,448
30,137
30,229
31,516
35,586
37,098
36,985
38,941
37,635
37,004
34,578
30,045
28,102
28,042
27,034
U&C
U&Cb
Other
FFRDCsa
Federal
13,614
14,225
14,832
19,102
19,157
20,027
21,719
23,813
24,821
26,381
27,821
29,609
32,356
35,226
37,985
40,294
42,674
42,308
41,728
43,308
46,612
Total
2,353
1,965
2,202
2,273
2,297
2,130
2,078
2,039
2,001
2,020
2,263
2,458
2,485
2,601
3,122
5,165
6,346
6,446
Total
19,388
20,495
21,607
22,617
23,718
24,884
26,181
28,176
30,705
33,743
37,215
40,484
43,122
45,190
46,955
49,010
51,650
54,382
NA
NA
742
1,941
2,296
1,782
2,279
2,565
2,951
2,235
2,149
2,367
1,873
1,733
1,985
1,885
2,009
1,945
1,923
2,057
1,939
1,686
1,846
2,062
2,279
2,443
2,709
3,195
3,789
4,432
5,206
6,114
7,026
8,005
8,875
9,638
9,936
9,871
9,942
10,046
10,351
10,504
Federal governmente
11,528
1,525
12,307
1,557
12,996
1,623
13,592
1,751
14,084
1,861
14,530
1,922
15,174
1,972
16,264
2,098
17,727
2,247
19,784
2,397
22,395
2,557
25,129
2,742
27,168
2,883
28,254
2,922
28,810
3,021
29,351
3,265
30,341
3,518
31,575
3,675
922
1,009
1,152
1,288
1,362
1,545
1,939
2,433
2,959
3,601
4,352
5,086
5,859
6,517
7,059
7,206
7,029
6,931
6,891
7,096
7,144
Nonprofit
Other
Industry
U&C
1,320 3,569
1,392 3,709
1,456 3,938
1,548 4,110
1,672 4,436
1,808 4,838
1,950 5,163
2,082 5,619
2,174 6,232
2,190 6,827
2,160 7,344
2,129 7,650
2,190 7,936
2,323 8,578
2,509 9,285
2,741 9,959
3,004 10,707
3,279 11,436
Constant 2005 $millions

244
127
273
144
301
163
329
184
361
206
397
215
439
215
484
215
534
213
588
212
649
210
703
207
751
208
781
220
796
244
838
261
901
262
975
269
1,026
282
1,059
297
1,072
318
226
242
253
268
288
306
333
360
396
441
498
580
683
803
945
1,002
1,009
1,063
1,134
1,170
1,220
FFRDCsc
Other nonprofit
FFRDCs
Other
nonprofit
1,448
1,531
1,595
1,617
1,666
1,786
1,922
2,112
2,326
2,546
2,758
2,833
2,945
3,113
3,329
3,694
4,080
4,418
Total
5,259
5,289
5,294
5,367
5,395
5,463
5,559
5,652
5,742
6,225
7,102
7,301
7,659
7,817
7,306
5,567
4,766
4,968
167
178
193
210
226
246
270
296
330
365
405
450
505
554
594
629
671
703
713
730
749
811
984
1,127
1,265
1,503
1,741
1,903
2,070
2,340
2,623
3,008
3,215
3,160
3,180
3,296
3,280
3,165
2,988
2,877
2,947
2,992
Total Federalc
4,993
2,806
5,267
2,843
5,599
2,911
5,827
2,847
6,209
2,906
6,626
3,014
7,332
3,281
8,207
3,761
9,734
4,510
11,182
5,488
12,179
5,778
12,796
5,945
13,394
6,537
14,077
6,545
13,928
6,044
14,777
5,980
16,035
6,236
17,531
7,133
690
751
790
848
939
1,076
1,273
1,420
1,616
1,904
2,118
2,132
2,370
2,619
2,657
2,708
2,777
2,782
2,775
2,893
3,137
356
371
386
411
443
524
679
796
899
1,049
1,215
1,278
1,436
1,604
1,620
1,654
1,678
1,684
1,670
1,770
2,013
Industry
521
567
617
671
730
809
859
931
1,020
1,029
998
1,020
1,041
1,107
1,182
1,257
1,301
1,258
nonprofit
1,666
1,857
2,071
2,308
2,574
2,804
3,192
3,516
4,204
4,666
5,404
5,831
5,816
6,425
6,702
7,541
8,498
9,141
Total
748
749
758
808
772
821
843
993
1,465
2,192
2,319
2,494
2,644
2,828
2,943
3,316
3,724
3,835
161
190
211
216
209
210
229
258
261
283
285
281
311
342
350
368
403
391
384
379
373
173
190
193
222
288
342
365
366
457
572
618
573
623
674
687
686
697
707
721
743
751
NA
NA
51
64
79
99
120
258
487
682
856
1,048
1,079
1,025
1,066
1,068
1,061
946
842
751
676
Appendix table 4-3

All
Industry
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Funding
All
source:
sources
108,784
106,282
111,118
114,802
120,589
126,549
132,407
138,425
145,722
156,156
171,072
186,227
191,059
195,108
199,858
204,107
210,515
215,189
216,053
211,865
211,847
225,206
237,513
250,901
264,829
282,368
302,045
308,347
302,337
309,385
312,548
324,993
339,202
Federal
Industry
Federal
16,737
16,570
16,597
16,454
17,233
17,073
16,399
16,476
17,146
18,800
19,937
21,263
21,457
20,981
21,410
21,909
21,705
20,398
20,714
21,132
20,477
20,731
19,960
19,891
20,304
20,573
20,710
24,661
25,812
26,539
25,724
26,322
27,356

72,522 24,692
47,829
69,899 23,472
46,426
73,563 24,433
49,131
76,458 25,226
51,231
79,756 25,017
54,739
84,692 25,946
58,747
90,531 26,706
63,825
96,554 28,716
67,838
103,165 30,789
72,376
110,556 33,150
77,406
122,244 36,236
86,008
133,780 41,141
92,639
136,534 41,311
95,224
139,213 44,403
94,810
141,657 42,128
99,528
143,647 37,917 105,730
148,758 35,737 113,022
153,391 32,230 121,161
152,559 29,228 123,331
147,569 26,646 120,922
146,975 25,367 121,608
159,229 25,974 133,255
171,348 25,703 145,646
183,794 25,779 158,015
195,416 25,828 169,588
209,856 23,621 186,235
225,378 19,293 206,085
222,664 18,626 204,038
210,278 17,789 192,488
213,230 18,907 194,323
215,218 20,939 194,279
226,159 21,909 204,250
239,917 23,543 216,374
U&C
U&Cb
Other
FFRDCsa
Total
2,113
2,166
2,508
2,548
2,678
2,660
2,674
2,652
2,678
2,752
2,910
3,026
3,005
3,080
3,168
3,157
3,217
3,046
3,075
2,512
2,757
2,788
2,765
2,519
2,430
2,350
2,255
2,227
2,455
2,611
2,568
2,601
3,024
Total
10,486
10,635
10,985
11,512
12,365
13,058
13,518
13,566
13,720
14,324
15,315
16,740
18,336
19,775
21,229
22,489
23,461
24,353
25,333
26,200
27,051
27,738
28,545
29,429
30,617
32,472
34,608
37,192
40,365
43,006
44,554
45,190
45,485
Federal governmente
7,044
1,044
7,151
1,037
7,380
1,040
7,662
1,044
8,239
1,097
8,793
1,100
9,078
1,086
8,941
1,112
8,804
1,121
9,045
1,142
9,617
1,206
10,374
1,354
11,166
1,540
11,994
1,644
12,828
1,739
13,402
1,833
13,766
1,938
14,268
1,983
15,062
1,993
15,733
1,990
16,270
2,031
16,670
2,148
16,951
2,240
17,183
2,273
17,745
2,306
18,744
2,418
19,980
2,532
21,806
2,642
24,291
2,774
26,695
2,913
28,070
2,979
28,254
2,922
27,908
2,926
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Other
Industry
339
352
369
409
449
490
552
601
655
750
866
1,023
1,184
1,283
1,393
1,526
1,614
1,661
1,724
1,779
1,823
1,898
2,012
2,138
2,280
2,399
2,450
2,414
2,343
2,262
2,262
2,323
2,431
U&C
1,280
1,286
1,353
1,506
1,681
1,794
1,926
2,025
2,177
2,355
2,533
2,831
3,207
3,493
3,772
4,103
4,413
4,625
4,663
4,741
4,930
5,041
5,338
5,722
6,038
6,476
7,024
7,525
7,965
8,127
8,200
8,578
8,995
nonprofit
779
810
844
891
900
881
877
887
963
1,032
1,093
1,158
1,239
1,361
1,497
1,627
1,730
1,816
1,891
1,957
1,996
1,983
2,004
2,113
2,247
2,434
2,622
2,806
2,992
3,009
3,043
3,113
3,225
FFRDCsc
Other nonprofit
Other
Total
3,020
3,179
3,566
3,887
4,385
4,599
4,829
4,757
4,590
4,931
5,427
5,872
6,312
6,620
6,838
6,841
6,778
6,849
6,872
6,761
6,628
6,583
6,493
6,461
6,501
6,514
6,472
6,862
7,703
7,756
7,913
7,817
7,078
Total Federalc
3,222
2,082
3,163
2,011
3,208
2,003
3,214
1,961
3,350
2,054
3,575
2,251
3,473
2,130
3,417
2,058
3,456
2,038
3,777
2,266
4,202
2,590
4,483
2,751
4,556
2,678
4,653
2,632
4,796
2,631
5,277
2,966
5,715
3,249
6,223
3,583
6,524
3,666
6,734
3,635
7,009
3,645
7,146
3,492
7,473
3,497
7,837
3,565
8,574
3,837
9,458
4,334
10,971
5,083
12,325
6,049
13,210
6,267
13,594
6,315
13,839
6,754
14,077
6,545
13,492
5,854
Industry
373
370
381
390
396
398
397
395
405
424
444
469
499
528
555
582
610
641
681
725
772
823
879
956
1,005
1,073
1,149
1,134
1,083
1,084
1,076
1,107
1,145
nonprofit
767
781
824
864
900
926
946
964
1,013
1,087
1,168
1,264
1,378
1,493
1,610
1,729
1,856
1,999
2,177
2,374
2,592
2,831
3,097
3,316
3,733
4,052
4,739
5,142
5,861
6,194
6,009
6,425
6,492
Total
685
670
690
728
823
891
982
1,003
967
1,016
1,038
1,063
860
786
761
787
881
931
977
958
949
991
929
971
986
1,144
1,651
2,416
2,515
2,649
2,732
2,828
2,851
Appendix table 4-3

All
Industry
Year
Funding
All
source:
sources
354,864
371,184
364,951
2007
2008
2009
Federal
Industry
Federal
28,109
27,480
28,161

253,484 25,027 228,457
267,706 33,486 234,219
257,355 36,064 221,290
U&C
U&Cb
Other
FFRDCsa
Total
4,862
5,844
5,875
Total
46,137
47,568
49,561
Federal governmente
27,631
3,074
27,943
3,240
28,775
3,349
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Other
Industry
U&C
2,580 9,375
2,767 9,861
2,988 10,422
nonprofit
3,478
3,757
4,026
FFRDCsc
Other nonprofit
Other
Total
5,241
4,389
4,528
Total Federalc
13,911
5,629
14,767
5,743
15,977
6,501
Industry
1,183
1,198
1,146
nonprofit
7,099
7,827
8,330
Total
3,121
3,429
3,495
NA = not available, included in figures for federal support to industry and federal support to nonprofit institutions
FFRDC = federally funded research and development center; U&C = universities and colleges.
aFederal support
for industry in 195354 did not separate federal support for industry and for industry FFRDCs; thus, the figures for federal support to industry include support to FFRDCs for those years.
to U&C R&D for 1998 and later years to eliminate double counting of funds passed through from one academic institution to another. Data for 1998 and later years not directly comparable with data for 1997 and
earlier years. For FY 1998, $479 million in total passthrough funds and $421 million in federal passthrough funds reported. For FY 2009, $1,873 million in total passthrough funds and $1,660 million in federal passthrough funds
estimated.
cFederal support for nonprofit FFRDCs in 195354 did not separate federal support for other nonprofits and for nonprofit FFRDCs; thus, the figure for federal support to other nonprofit institutions includes support to FFRDCs for
those years.
dIndustry sources of funding for industry R&D expenditures include all nonfederal sources of funding for industry R&D expenditures.
eBecause of limitations in survey information, data on other government funding to performers other than U&C not available and consequently included in other sectors' support for their own R&D performance, e.g., other government
support to other nonprofits included in other nonprofit support for their own R&D.
bAdjustments made
NOTES: Technical notes explaining methodological issues of measurement available on request. Data based on annual reports by performers, except for the nonprofit sector (where some figures after 1997 involve estimates). R&D
expenditures of FFRDCs are chiefly federal funds, but any nonfederal funds also included in totals. For trend comparisons, use only historical data reported here; do not use data published earlier. Expenditures for industry and, prior
to 2001, for industry-administered FFRDCs collected by calendar year. Expenditures for other performers are calendar-year approximations based on fiscal year data. In most cases, the approximation equals 75% of amount
reported in same fiscal year plus 25% of amount reported in subsequent fiscal year. However, fiscal year for academic performers generally begins 1 July, not 1 October; also, prior to 1977, federal fiscal year began on 1 July, not 1
October. Therefore, calendar-year approximations for academic performers and federal performers prior to 1977 equal 50% of amount reported in same fiscal year plus 50% of amount reported in subsequent fiscal year. Detail may
not add to total because of rounding. Constant-dollar estimates derived from unrounded data. Los Alamos National Laboratory (some $2 billion in annual R&D expenditures in recent years) became industry administered in June
2006; previously, it was U&C administered. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (more than $1 billion in annual R&D expenditures in recent years) became industry administered in October 2007; previously, it was U&C
administered. The tracks of R&D expenditures from 2006 to 2008 for both industry- and U&C-administered FFRDCs reflect these shifts.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NSF/NCSES), National Patterns of R&D Resources (annual series); NSF/NCSES, Business R&D and Innovation Survey, 2009;
NSF/NCSES, Survey of R&D Expenditures at Universities and Colleges, FY 2009; NSF/NCSES, Federal Funds for R&D: FY 200911; NSF/NCSES, Survey of R&D Expenditures at FFRDCs, FY 2009; and NSF/NCSES, R&D
Funding and Performance by Nonprofit Organizations: FY 199697. All NSF/NCSES reports available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/.
Appendix table 4-4

U.S. basic research expenditures, by performing sector and source of funds: 19532009
All
Performer:
Funding
Year
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
source:
Industry
performers
Industrya
Federal
U&C
U&Cc
Other
FFRDCsb
All
sources
Federal
460
509
579
718
814
944
1,087
1,286
1,512
1,824
2,115
2,396
2,664
2,930
3,168
3,376
3,491
3,594
3,720
3,850
4,099
4,511
4,875
5,373
6,008
6,959
7,836
8,745
9,658
10,651
11,880
13,332
14,748
17,154
18,481
19,787
21,891
23,029
27,140
102
96
98
114
124
149
165
184
230
252
285
339
375
410
434
482
545
562
581
603
652
715
760
850
943
1,044
1,112
1,212
1,343
1,522
1,733
1,877
1,947
2,026
2,047
2,116
2,309
2,319
2,378
Total Federalb Industrye

151
166
189
253
271
295
320
376
395
488
522
507
563
593
595
607
581
566
557
554
595
650
677
750
836
941
1,054
1,205
1,477
1,776
2,106
2,472
2,731
3,930
4,181
4,163
4,818
4,629
7,376
19
23
27
37
41
43
72
79
81
143
147
123
157
142
168
145
123
122
101
91
96
114
104
116
135
156
161
170
164
253
346
340
358
434
598
656
986
869
1,251
132
143
162
216
230
252
248
297
314
345
375
384
406
451
427
462
458
444
456
463
499
536
573
634
701
785
893
1,035
1,313
1,523
1,760
2,132
2,373
3,496
3,583
3,507
3,832
3,760
6,125
Total
Total
Federal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
42
29
31
34
35
37
36
33
39
36
49
53
69
75
94
104
120
137
128
117
136
131
117
142
337
398
499
461
123
148
180
220
261
312
388
485
598
737
909
1,071
1,221
1,380
1,554
1,681
1,754
1,855
1,968
2,038
2,103
2,282
2,480
2,675
2,967
3,376
3,828
4,315
4,737
5,091
5,518
6,145
7,024
7,943
8,644
9,344
10,219
11,126
12,062
82
97
117
143
167
202
263
341
432
546
689
824
944
1,066
1,188
1,265
1,288
1,323
1,385
1,437
1,489
1,609
1,768
1,924
2,114
2,399
2,719
3,061
3,331
3,475
3,689
4,087
4,606
5,122
5,527
5,937
6,422
6,889
7,423
government Industry
Current $millions
7
13
10
15
14
17
19
20
25
23
31
24
38
24
45
25
54
25
64
25
75
25
84
25
94
27
104
29
114
34
131
38
153
40
179
43
194
50
195
55
196
59
204
66
212
72
218
75
232
89
260
107
286
128
307
156
338
183
368
215
396
260
436
313
514
389
606
466
659
514
705
565
766
637
847
705
912
764
Nonprofit
FFRDCsd
Other nonprofit
FFRDCs
Other
Other
U&C
nonprofit
Total
Total Federald
6
8
12
15
20
24
28
33
40
48
58
70
86
106
136
156
171
196
214
216
223
250
264
283
334
398
466
544
615
716
816
915
1,075
1,262
1,399
1,530
1,714
1,929
2,127
16
18
21
24
27
31
36
41
48
55
63
68
70
75
83
91
103
115
127
134
137
153
164
175
198
213
229
248
269
317
358
395
440
488
545
607
680
756
836
36
44
50
58
72
85
95
106
126
148
175
200
218
239
263
276
272
265
252
270
343
415
476
556
667
906
1,050
1,167
1,284
1,366
1,536
1,709
1,793
1,915
2,086
2,272
2,371
2,470
2,657
48
55
63
74
87
103
120
136
164
200
225
238
260
278
289
296
302
311
329
347
371
401
430
474
521
598
689
726
671
759
863
984
1,110
1,210
1,367
1,531
1,730
1,922
2,129
27
31
36
42
49
59
72
85
105
130
150
166
179
188
194
196
192
195
207
216
232
245
255
278
301
351
413
416
324
369
426
494
560
594
675
756
860
947
1,036
Industry
nonprofit
Total
9
11
13
15
15
16
18
21
22
24
25
25
29
32
34
37
43
44
45
47
49
54
59
65
72
79
87
95
105
115
127
139
153
168
185
203
223
245
269
12
13
14
17
23
28
30
30
37
46
50
47
52
58
61
63
67
72
77
84
90
102
116
131
148
168
190
215
243
275
311
351
397
449
507
573
647
730
825
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9
9
8
9
13
13
14
24
46
65
77
Appendix table 4-4

All
Industry
Federal
Industrya
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
sources
27,604
28,743
29,651
29,610
32,799
36,921
35,372
38,935
42,759
47,751
51,383
54,611
56,092
59,686
61,199
66,206
70,220
75,969
Federal
2,419
2,621
2,547
2,689
2,680
2,746
3,003
3,347
3,765
4,260
4,511
4,664
4,697
4,770
4,716
4,621
4,957
5,507

6,528
712
5,816
6,427
466
5,961
6,514
436
6,078
5,569
190
5,379
7,498
650
6,848
9,795
1,029
8,766
5,853
1,002
4,851
6,645
1,108
5,537
7,040
925
6,115
8,053
754
7,299
7,547
888
6,659
8,330
1,386
6,944
7,835
1,072
6,763
8,667
1,108
7,559
8,384
1,444
6,940
11,268
2,780
8,488
12,368
1,475
10,893
14,784
1,340
13,444
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
2,843
3,118
3,491
4,185
4,589
5,205
5,927
6,916
8,037
9,568
10,978
12,248
13,374
14,303
15,002
15,338
15,112
14,780
14,571
14,455
14,582
628
589
588
662
699
822
897
987
1,220
1,322
1,477
1,733
1,880
2,001
2,053
2,190
2,360
2,311
2,276
2,262
2,319
Performer:
Funding
Year
source:
performers
U&C
U&Cc
Other
FFRDCsb
All
934
1,018
1,140
1,475
1,529
1,628
1,745
2,022
2,100
2,560
2,709
2,592
2,826
2,895
2,818
2,758
2,515
2,328
2,182
2,080
2,116
118
141
163
216
231
237
393
425
431
750
763
629
788
693
796
659
533
502
396
342
341
817
877
977
1,259
1,297
1,390
1,352
1,597
1,670
1,810
1,946
1,963
2,038
2,202
2,022
2,099
1,983
1,826
1,786
1,738
1,775
Total
474
492
503
530
708
625
568
557
547
552
534
299
175
136
652
2,258
2,423
2,550
Total
12,910
13,646
14,401
15,147
16,042
17,654
19,365
21,022
22,917
25,240
27,970
30,023
31,989
34,028
35,635
37,271
38,840
40,543
Federal
8,058
8,638
9,139
9,634
10,092
10,924
11,941
12,892
13,966
15,553
17,724
19,658
21,150
22,186
22,690
23,043
23,500
24,242
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
215
146
151
161
159
160
148
129
146
128
761
904
1,082
1,282
1,470
1,721
2,116
2,606
3,177
3,863
4,716
5,472
6,127
6,737
7,358
7,635
7,591
7,628
7,708
7,650
7,481
504
592
702
831
939
1,114
1,431
1,831
2,294
2,862
3,576
4,210
4,737
5,204
5,624
5,747
5,574
5,439
5,423
5,395
5,295
Nonprofit
Other
Other
Industry
814
851
890
945
1,032
1,175
1,315
1,421
1,499
1,519
1,494
1,438
1,488
1,624
1,791
1,983
2,162
2,344
U&C
2,203
2,268
2,406
2,511
2,740
3,144
3,483
3,835
4,298
4,737
5,077
5,165
5,392
5,999
6,624
7,207
7,708
8,173
nonprofit
893
936
974
987
1,028
1,162
1,296
1,442
1,604
1,767
1,907
1,913
2,001
2,177
2,376
2,674
2,937
3,158
Total
2,867
2,953
2,934
2,702
2,606
2,671
2,660
2,765
2,874
3,104
3,714
3,747
3,730
3,820
3,344
1,724
1,672
1,808
Total Federald
2,340
1,114
2,532
1,157
2,678
1,137
2,899
1,170
3,187
1,248
3,322
1,317
3,710
1,461
4,203
1,734
5,000
2,099
5,626
2,464
6,129
2,575
6,519
2,714
6,596
2,788
7,084
2,903
7,227
2,849
7,714
2,829
8,514
3,073
9,270
3,496

40
80
59
92
84
102
111
114
140
127
171
132
205
131
242
132
285
133
334
131
389
127
431
128
474
133
505
142
539
159
594
170
662
171
738
177
758
194
734
206
698
208
37
52
70
90
111
132
155
180
212
251
299
356
432
520
642
710
741
805
838
811
794
99
110
124
137
152
171
194
220
253
286
324
348
351
366
393
413
444
471
495
503
486
223
270
301
338
403
469
515
570
667
774
908
1,020
1,092
1,164
1,246
1,252
1,178
1,088
987
1,014
1,220
297
337
380
428
488
566
654
731
872
1,049
1,168
1,217
1,303
1,355
1,366
1,345
1,307
1,277
1,289
1,303
1,318
government
941
952
992
1,070
1,149
1,248
1,330
1,432
1,550
1,663
1,768
1,850
1,958
2,042
2,155
2,363
2,533
2,627
FFRDCsd
Other nonprofit
FFRDCs
167
190
217
242
274
323
393
457
558
682
779
849
896
915
916
890
831
800
811
811
823
Industry
295
324
356
390
428
449
477
517
566
571
554
567
578
614
656
698
722
698
nonprofit
931
1,051
1,186
1,338
1,510
1,557
1,773
1,952
2,334
2,590
3,000
3,238
3,229
3,568
3,721
4,187
4,719
5,075
Total
67
72
75
75
79
108
213
397
616
915
979
1,029
1,070
1,181
1,242
1,350
1,447
1,508
56
67
78
87
85
88
98
113
117
126
130
128
146
156
161
168
186
181
176
176
174
74
80
84
99
130
154
164
161
197
241
260
240
261
283
289
286
290
296
302
315
320
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Appendix table 4-4

All
Performer:
Funding
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
source:
Industry
performers
Federal
Industrya
Federal
2,331
2,264
2,395
2,498
2,585
2,542
2,539
2,571
2,746
3,008
3,140
3,162
3,219
3,161
3,159
3,321
3,212
3,181
3,160
3,350
3,189
3,298
3,225
3,247
3,511
3,857
4,243
4,696
4,892
4,955
4,853
4,770
4,568

2,120
372
1,748
2,017
310
1,707
2,113
327
1,786
2,215
358
1,857
2,329
386
1,943
2,409
368
2,041
2,524
356
2,168
2,828
314
2,514
3,205
457
2,748
3,656
601
3,055
4,136
569
3,567
4,435
581
3,854
6,244
690
5,555
6,456
923
5,532
6,215
979
5,235
6,931
1,418
5,512
6,411
1,204
5,208
9,866
1,673
8,193
8,530
930
7,599
8,216
596
7,620
8,156
546
7,610
6,830
233
6,597
9,024
782
8,242
11,584
1,217
10,367
6,845
1,172
5,673
7,658
1,276
6,381
7,935
1,043
6,892
8,876
831
8,045
8,186
963
7,223
8,849
1,472
7,377
8,095
1,108
6,988
8,667
1,108
7,559
8,122
1,399
6,723
U&C
U&Cc
Other
FFRDCsb
All
sources
14,709
14,524
15,140
15,916
17,224
17,907
18,314
18,492
19,221
20,624
22,306
23,951
27,255
28,536
29,538
31,489
31,896
36,302
36,068
36,744
37,123
36,315
39,475
43,664
41,366
44,872
48,193
52,631
55,732
58,014
57,954
59,686
59,284
Total
160
158
194
199
233
238
251
262
231
203
228
213
186
219
503
573
691
617
619
629
630
650
852
739
664
642
616
609
580
318
181
136
632
Total
7,440
7,388
7,536
7,858
8,356
8,746
9,037
9,069
9,187
9,579
10,281
11,407
12,620
13,346
13,948
14,700
15,410
16,134
16,868
17,445
18,029
18,576
19,306
20,878
22,647
24,228
25,830
27,819
30,337
31,894
33,051
34,028
34,520
Federal
5,247
5,268
5,421
5,600
5,938
6,213
6,409
6,378
6,270
6,403
6,837
7,479
8,137
8,533
8,862
9,238
9,541
9,929
10,529
11,043
11,441
11,815
12,146
12,920
13,964
14,858
15,741
17,143
19,224
20,883
21,853
22,186
21,979
government
665
633
613
614
643
653
643
647
664
687
729
835
962
1,017
1,053
1,101
1,173
1,220
1,230
1,218
1,241
1,312
1,383
1,476
1,556
1,650
1,746
1,833
1,918
1,965
2,023
2,042
2,087
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Other
Industry
215
213
211
236
264
291
326
350
389
451
523
632
740
794
843
917
977
1,022
1,064
1,088
1,114
1,159
1,242
1,390
1,538
1,637
1,690
1,675
1,620
1,527
1,537
1,624
1,735
U&C
816
785
798
885
986
1,065
1,139
1,178
1,293
1,417
1,531
1,747
2,005
2,161
2,284
2,466
2,672
2,845
2,878
2,900
3,013
3,079
3,297
3,718
4,073
4,420
4,844
5,222
5,507
5,487
5,571
5,999
6,417
nonprofit
497
489
492
523
526
523
519
516
572
621
661
714
775
842
906
978
1,047
1,118
1,167
1,197
1,220
1,211
1,238
1,374
1,516
1,662
1,808
1,947
2,068
2,032
2,068
2,177
2,301
FFRDCsd
Other nonprofit
Other
Total
1,352
1,417
1,567
1,766
2,242
2,398
2,443
2,459
2,466
2,666
2,859
2,911
3,043
3,221
3,391
3,411
3,421
3,554
3,746
3,775
3,673
3,313
3,136
3,159
3,111
3,186
3,239
3,421
4,028
3,980
3,854
3,820
3,239
Total Federald
1,307
799
1,281
760
1,334
782
1,380
798
1,480
869
1,574
943
1,520
871
1,286
620
1,370
666
1,498
739
1,647
827
1,802
909
1,923
943
2,110
1,043
2,286
1,129
2,488
1,237
2,662
1,312
2,848
1,386
3,058
1,456
3,236
1,479
3,353
1,423
3,555
1,435
3,836
1,502
3,929
1,557
4,339
1,708
4,843
1,998
5,636
2,366
6,201
2,716
6,648
2,793
6,925
2,884
6,815
2,881
7,084
2,903
7,000
2,760
Industry
176
177
184
190
195
198
200
201
208
220
233
248
267
285
303
320
339
359
385
414
445
479
516
531
558
596
638
630
601
602
597
614
636
nonprofit
333
344
369
392
415
434
450
465
496
539
588
645
713
783
855
930
1,012
1,103
1,217
1,343
1,485
1,642
1,817
1,841
2,073
2,250
2,631
2,855
3,254
3,439
3,337
3,568
3,605
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
17
16
14
15
20
21
22
36
67
89
103
87
92
93
93
95
127
249
457
694
1,009
1,062
1,093
1,106
1,181
1,203
Appendix table 4-4

All
Performer:
Funding
Year
2007
2008
2009
source:
Industry
performers
Federal
Industrya
Federal
4,350
4,565
5,019

10,608
2,617
7,990
11,390
1,358
10,032
13,473
1,221
12,252
U&C
U&Cc
Other
FFRDCsb
All
sources
62,325
64,670
69,234
Total
2,126
2,231
2,324
Total
35,086
35,770
36,948
Federal
21,692
21,643
22,093
government
2,225
2,333
2,394
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Other
Industry
1,867
1,991
2,136
U&C
6,785
7,099
7,448
nonprofit
2,517
2,705
2,878
FFRDCsd
Other nonprofit
Other
Total
1,623
1,540
1,647
Total Federald
7,262
2,663
7,841
2,830
8,448
3,186
Industry
657
665
636
nonprofit
3,941
4,346
4,625
Total
1,271
1,332
1,375
FFRDC = federally funded research and development center; U&C = universities and colleges
aCharacter-of-work estimates
for industry revised for 1998 and later years; data are not directly comparable with data for 1997 and earlier years.
for industry FFRDCs for 195363 not separated from federal support for industry; thus, the figure for federal support to industry includes support to FFRDCs for those years.
cFor 1998 and later years, character-of-work estimation procedure revised, and adjustments made to U&C R&D to eliminate double counting of funds passed through from one academic institution to another. Data for 1998 and later
years not directly comparable with data for 1997 and earlier years.
dCharacter-of-work estimates for nonprofit FFRDCs for 195380 not separated from federal support for other nonprofits; thus, the figure for federal support to other nonprofit institutions includes support to FFRDCs for those years.
eIndustry sources of funds for industry R&D expenditures include all nonfederal sources of industry funds for R&D expenditures.
fBecause of limitations in survey information, data on other government funding to performers other than U&C are not available and consequently are included in other sectors' support for their own R&D performance, e.g., other
government support to other nonprofits included in other nonprofit support for their own R&D.
bCharacter-of-work estimates
NOTES: Technical notes explaining methodological issues of measurement available on request. Data based on annual reports by performers, except for the nonprofit sector (where some figures involve estimates). R&D expenditures
of FFRDCs are chiefly federal funds, but any nonfederal funds also included in totals. For trend comparisons, use only historical data reported here; do not use data published earlier. Expenditures for industry and, prior to 2001, for
industry-administered FFRDCs collected by calendar year. Expenditures for other performers are calendar-year approximations based on fiscal year data. In most cases, the approximation equals 75% of amount reported in same
fiscal year plus 25% of amount reported in subsequent fiscal year. However, fiscal year for academic performers generally begins 1 July, not 1 October; also, prior to 1977, federal fiscal year began on 1 July, not 1 October. Therefore,
calendar-year approximations for academic performers and federal performers prior to 1977 equal 50% of amount reported in same fiscal year plus 50% of amount reported in subsequent fiscal year. Detail may not add to total
because of rounding. Constant-dollar estimates derived from unrounded data. Los Alamos National Laboratory (some $2 billion in annual R&D expenditures in recent years) became industry administered in June 2006; previously, it
was U&C administered. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (more than $1 billion in annual R&D expenditures in recent years) became industry administered in October 2007; previously, it was U&C administered. The tracks of
R&D expenditures from 2006 to 2008 for both industry- and U&C-administered FFRDCs reflect these shifts.
NSF/NCSES, Survey of R&D Expenditures at Universities and Colleges, FY 2009; NSF/NCSES, Federal Funds for R&D: FY 200911; NSF/NCSES, Survey of R&D Expenditures at FFRDCs, FY 2009; and NSF/NCSES, R&D Funding
and Performance by Nonprofit Organizations: FY 199697. All NSF/NCSES reports available at http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/.
Appendix table 4-5

U.S. applied research expenditures, by performing sector and source of funds: 19532009
All
Performer:
Funding
Year
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
source:
Industry
performers
Industrya
Federal
U&C
U&Cc
Other
FFRDCsb
All
sources
Federal
1,289
1,378
1,514
1,928
2,414
2,758
2,940
3,065
3,123
3,698
3,865
4,201
4,374
4,653
4,848
5,137
5,454
5,752
5,833
6,147
6,655
7,344
8,091
8,976
9,662
10,704
12,097
13,714
16,329
18,218
20,298
22,451
25,401
27,240
27,951
29,528
32,277
34,897
38,631
347
330
333
387
446
516
577
615
668
709
809
947
994
1,012
1,069
1,112
1,229
1,334
1,355
1,434
1,527
1,652
1,912
2,068
2,081
2,242
2,415
2,546
2,731
2,802
2,991
2,961
3,135
3,204
3,366
3,362
3,566
3,652
4,093

726
814
928
1,268
1,670
1,911
1,991
2,029
1,977
2,449
2,457
2,538
2,612
2,790
2,832
3,037
3,192
3,330
3,348
3,407
3,715
4,168
4,431
4,945
5,424
6,065
6,975
8,175
10,401
11,956
13,513
15,218
17,625
19,131
19,190
20,377
22,317
24,399
27,013
288
322
368
474
678
774
813
833
812
1,011
1,007
978
992
986
983
956
920
952
907
845
883
905
991
1,033
1,113
1,195
1,305
1,625
2,042
2,593
3,227
3,677
4,717
4,049
4,037
3,846
4,324
5,967
5,588
438
492
560
794
992
1,137
1,178
1,196
1,165
1,438
1,450
1,560
1,620
1,804
1,849
2,081
2,272
2,378
2,441
2,562
2,832
3,263
3,440
3,912
4,311
4,870
5,670
6,550
8,359
9,363
10,286
11,541
12,908
15,082
15,153
16,531
17,993
18,432
21,425
Total
Total
Federal
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
62
46
53
83
87
95
97
67
107
110
120
139
167
212
235
250
275
298
367
414
547
630
629
623
371
374
386
433
134
137
142
146
147
152
167
186
199
216
230
256
304
351
389
405
417
451
499
619
725
794
934
1,042
1,126
1,247
1,418
1,622
1,781
1,915
2,116
2,332
2,527
2,780
3,219
3,779
4,188
4,406
4,611
59
60
63
65
63
66
78
93
104
119
128
142
176
208
238
250
257
280
306
391
450
477
550
596
626
676
793
912
953
1,007
1,122
1,226
1,296
1,393
1,643
1,958
2,121
2,140
2,232
Other
government Industry
Current $millions
30
32
32
33
34
35
37
39
40
41
42
45
46
47
46
46
48
51
61
74
88
96
113
127
134
151
161
174
199
207
215
234
262
298
333
377
417
453
468
Nonprofit
7
8
9
10
12
12
13
13
13
14
14
14
13
14
16
16
16
18
19
21
26
32
39
45
51
61
71
88
108
121
141
168
198
229
260
302
347
377
392
FFRDCsd
Other nonprofit
FFRDCs
Other
U&C
nonprofit
Total
28
28
27
27
27
27
28
29
30
30
32
37
42
48
54
55
54
56
67
82
100
118
141
166
194
232
263
308
363
402
443
491
547
620
707
818
933
1,031
1,091
10
10
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
14
18
27
34
36
39
43
47
47
52
62
72
92
109
121
128
129
140
159
178
194
212
224
240
276
325
370
404
428
48
58
68
79
94
111
121
129
145
163
186
203
206
213
225
221
213
213
216
224
203
191
219
263
297
324
360
421
422
433
473
548
580
554
532
547
603
689
927
Total Federald
35
40
43
49
58
69
85
108
135
162
183
196
213
234
251
276
308
328
349
357
376
420
456
492
523
592
680
675
628
655
713
764
822
867
948
1,026
1,159
1,284
1,468
14
16
18
21
24
30
43
63
83
98
115
130
140
153
166
186
210
225
241
243
257
290
315
338
355
409
480
458
391
398
433
459
490
506
555
599
695
780
921
Industry
nonprofit
Total
11
13
14
14
14
14
15
17
17
19
19
19
21
24
25
28
32
33
34
35
36
39
42
45
48
52
55
60
64
69
74
79
85
91
98
105
112
120
129
10
11
11
14
20
25
27
28
35
45
49
47
52
57
60
62
66
70
74
79
83
91
100
109
120
132
144
158
173
189
207
226
247
270
295
322
352
384
419
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
68
91
78
80
82
75
74
66
70
81
86
Appendix table 4-5

All
Industry
Federal
Industrya
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
sources
37,936
37,283
36,618
40,936
43,170
46,554
46,362
52,007
56,685
64,188
50,688
61,135
69,183
69,588
76,277
83,069
74,321
71,328
Federal
4,337
4,838
4,985
4,952
4,872
4,997
5,146
5,530
6,105
7,052
7,487
7,672
7,455
7,557
7,435
7,222
7,316
8,006

25,660
4,476
21,184
24,251
4,295
19,956
22,988
3,616
19,372
26,919
3,164
23,755
29,010
3,640
25,370
32,430
2,648
29,782
32,208
2,632
29,576
36,638
2,817
33,821
39,176
2,682
36,494
44,012
3,603
40,409
28,533
2,452
26,081
37,334
4,473
32,861
45,432
4,775
40,657
45,284
5,289
39,995
51,173
6,140
45,033
57,570
8,945
48,625
46,864
5,397
41,467
41,055
7,797
33,258
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
7,977
8,449
9,125
11,236
13,615
15,216
16,029
16,483
16,606
19,396
20,059
21,475
21,956
22,712
22,962
23,338
23,613
23,656
22,846
23,079
23,674
2,147
2,020
2,008
2,253
2,513
2,847
3,144
3,305
3,552
3,717
4,199
4,838
4,988
4,940
5,061
5,050
5,322
5,486
5,307
5,384
5,433
Performer:
Funding
Year
source:
performers
U&C
U&Cc
Other
FFRDCsb
All
Total
507
435
503
535
231
213
230
274
269
821
1,090
1,413
1,459
1,414
1,314
1,168
1,975
1,930
Total
4,882
5,149
5,390
5,659
5,885
5,523
5,197
5,762
6,498
7,061
7,760
8,644
8,976
9,077
9,440
9,849
10,875
11,912
Federal
2,415
2,542
2,644
2,779
2,864
2,550
2,260
2,661
3,196
3,558
4,010
4,553
4,781
4,900
5,176
5,396
5,980
6,577
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
317
231
259
393
395
411
399
262
402
391
826
837
853
851
826
836
911
998
1,055
1,133
1,191
1,306
1,524
1,713
1,840
1,840
1,805
1,853
1,954
2,322
2,577
365
365
380
379
355
361
423
500
550
622
662
726
881
1,015
1,125
1,134
1,110
1,149
1,199
1,466
1,599
government
479
496
517
559
584
553
526
546
572
602
647
731
759
721
710
740
808
860
Nonprofit
Other
Industry
414
443
464
494
524
519
520
542
553
550
546
567
576
573
589
621
690
767
FFRDCsd
Other nonprofit
FFRDCs
Other
U&C
1,120
1,181
1,256
1,311
1,390
1,389
1,378
1,463
1,585
1,713
1,859
2,038
2,087
2,115
2,182
2,256
2,460
2,675
nonprofit
454
487
509
516
522
512
513
550
592
639
698
755
774
768
782
837
937
1,033
Total
940
962
982
1,050
1,270
1,337
1,372
1,247
1,291
1,405
1,663
1,600
1,481
1,637
1,827
1,354
855
1,289
Total Federald
1,528
933
1,544
900
1,659
960
1,692
934
1,781
960
1,926
1,011
2,087
1,060
2,427
1,300
3,155
1,831
3,593
2,150
3,889
2,267
4,223
2,487
4,186
2,448
4,340
2,432
4,590
2,592
4,812
2,583
5,083
2,600
5,697
3,062
172
172
164
157
153
150
153
155
157
160
168
191
211
236
255
250
233
230
262
307
355
62
61
63
64
62
63
65
65
66
68
70
89
133
164
171
175
184
191
184
193
219
294
356
410
458
530
610
657
691
771
852
965
1,038
1,032
1,040
1,066
1,002
922
876
844
841
720
217
245
259
283
324
381
461
578
715
847
950
1,002
1,069
1,140
1,189
1,254
1,333
1,349
1,365
1,338
1,337
Industry
138
148
158
170
182
205
218
236
258
261
253
259
264
280
300
318
330
319
nonprofit
456
497
541
589
640
711
809
891
1,066
1,182
1,369
1,478
1,474
1,628
1,699
1,911
2,154
2,317
Total
81
103
111
129
122
128
123
130
190
244
266
249
194
278
500
1,094
1,352
1,440
68
80
84
82
79
77
82
91
90
100
99
97
105
117
118
127
139
136
133
131
128
62
67
66
82
113
138
147
151
186
236
254
240
261
278
284
282
286
288
290
297
295
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA

4,493
4,991
5,595
7,391
9,421
10,543
10,857
10,912
10,512
12,847
12,753
12,974
13,113
13,620
13,413
13,798
13,819
13,694
13,113
12,792
13,215
1,782
1,974
2,219
2,763
3,825
4,270
4,433
4,480
4,318
5,303
5,227
5,000
4,980
4,813
4,656
4,343
3,983
3,915
3,552
3,173
3,141
2,710
3,017
3,376
4,628
5,596
6,273
6,424
6,432
6,195
7,543
7,526
7,975
8,133
8,807
8,757
9,454
9,836
9,779
9,561
9,619
10,074
186
193
195
193
191
195
202
208
212
213
219
231
233
230
216
209
208
210
237
279
312
40
46
51
58
65
66
68
70
69
71
73
69
65
68
73
73
69
72
72
77
92
87
98
109
119
133
166
232
336
439
511
597
665
703
744
786
845
909
925
942
910
914
Appendix table 4-5

All
Performer:
Funding
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
source:
Industry
performers
Federal
Industrya
Federal
5,388
5,696
5,828
5,511
5,549
5,519
5,332
5,230
5,056
5,193
4,954
5,091
5,091
5,197
5,019
5,130
5,058
5,475
5,667
6,185
6,242
6,074
5,864
5,909
6,017
6,373
6,881
7,773
8,121
8,149
7,702
7,557
7,202

13,592
2,951
10,641
13,202
2,953
10,249
13,934
2,911
11,023
14,368
2,948
11,420
15,012
2,958
12,054
15,939
2,982
12,957
17,121
3,403
13,717
19,916
3,910
16,006
21,576
4,679
16,897
23,459
5,602
17,857
25,462
6,152
19,310
28,623
7,660
20,963
30,397
6,433
23,963
29,631
6,233
23,397
30,419
5,741
24,678
32,103
6,220
25,883
33,793
8,265
25,529
36,133
7,475
28,658
33,528
5,849
27,680
31,002
5,491
25,511
28,781
4,527
24,254
33,015
3,880
29,134
34,915
4,381
30,534
38,353
3,132
35,222
37,665
3,078
34,587
42,225
3,247
38,978
44,156
3,023
41,133
48,510
3,971
44,539
30,948
2,660
28,289
39,660
4,752
34,908
46,941
4,934
42,007
45,284
5,289
39,995
49,571
5,948
43,623
U&C
U&Cc
Other
FFRDCsb
All
sources
23,949
24,107
25,294
25,595
26,495
27,643
28,722
31,267
32,877
35,238
37,564
41,251
43,280
43,158
44,079
46,430
48,333
51,674
49,568
47,661
45,845
50,206
51,957
55,058
54,218
59,938
63,890
70,748
54,979
64,944
71,481
69,588
73,890
Total
391
414
471
562
582
571
576
571
662
719
915
1,023
999
962
554
538
535
579
662
556
630
656
278
252
269
316
303
905
1,183
1,501
1,508
1,414
1,272
Total
2,588
2,783
2,936
2,981
3,086
3,239
3,397
3,410
3,455
3,673
3,901
4,104
4,417
4,970
5,642
6,024
6,102
6,167
6,379
6,582
6,748
6,940
7,082
6,531
6,077
6,641
7,324
7,783
8,417
9,183
9,274
9,077
9,144
Federal
1,554
1,637
1,678
1,657
1,673
1,811
1,910
1,824
1,816
1,948
2,052
2,106
2,213
2,537
2,923
3,051
2,965
2,985
3,155
3,249
3,310
3,408
3,446
3,016
2,642
3,067
3,603
3,921
4,349
4,837
4,940
4,900
5,014
government
313
338
359
356
374
369
364
381
374
373
392
425
473
514
563
600
627
626
626
634
648
685
703
654
615
630
644
663
702
777
784
721
688
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Other
Industry
103
115
125
135
150
163
185
206
218
245
281
321
364
401
451
499
522
524
541
566
581
606
631
613
608
625
624
606
593
602
595
573
571
U&C
384
419
467
514
574
601
645
694
725
769
822
889
986
1,092
1,221
1,342
1,428
1,459
1,463
1,510
1,572
1,608
1,673
1,643
1,611
1,686
1,787
1,888
2,016
2,165
2,156
2,115
2,114
nonprofit
233
274
307
319
316
295
294
304
321
337
355
364
381
426
485
532
560
573
594
623
637
633
629
606
600
634
667
704
757
802
800
768
758
FFRDCsd
Other nonprofit
Other
Total
621
653
740
787
802
822
881
808
781
822
918
941
880
821
816
867
954
1,239
1,229
1,230
1,229
1,288
1,528
1,582
1,604
1,437
1,456
1,548
1,804
1,700
1,531
1,637
1,770
Total Federald
1,369
946
1,360
939
1,385
951
1,386
940
1,465
1,012
1,553
1,097
1,414
959
1,202
749
1,183
718
1,238
751
1,279
768
1,335
795
1,377
803
1,464
857
1,531
894
1,667
999
1,778
1,080
1,964
1,232
1,996
1,220
1,974
1,150
2,077
1,201
2,075
1,145
2,144
1,155
2,278
1,196
2,440
1,240
2,797
1,498
3,556
2,064
3,960
2,370
4,218
2,458
4,486
2,642
4,325
2,529
4,340
2,432
4,446
2,511
Industry
126
124
126
127
128
127
125
122
124
128
132
138
145
151
156
161
167
172
180
189
198
208
219
242
255
272
291
287
274
275
273
280
290
nonprofit
297
298
309
318
326
329
330
331
341
359
379
402
429
456
481
506
532
560
596
635
677
722
770
840
946
1,027
1,201
1,303
1,485
1,570
1,523
1,628
1,645
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
130
164
135
135
133
120
114
98
101
113
115
106
131
139
158
147
152
144
149
214
268
288
264
201
278
484
Appendix table 4-5

All
Performer:
Funding
Year
2007
2008
2009
source:
Industry
performers
Federal
Industrya
Federal
6,798
6,738
7,296

54,196
8,421
45,775
43,160
4,970
38,189
37,415
7,106
30,309
U&C
U&Cc
Other
FFRDCsb
All
sources
78,200
68,446
65,004
Total
1,100
1,819
1,758
Total
9,271
10,015
10,856
Federal
5,079
5,507
5,994
government
696
744
783
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Other
Industry
584
636
699
U&C
2,124
2,265
2,438
nonprofit
788
863
942
FFRDCsd
Other nonprofit
Other
Total
1,275
787
1,175
Total Federald
4,530
2,431
4,682
2,395
5,192
2,790
Industry
300
304
290
nonprofit
1,799
1,984
2,111
Total
1,030
1,245
1,312
for industry FFRDCs for 195363 not separated from federal support for industry; thus, figure for federal support to industry includes support to FFRDCs for those years.
cFor 1998 and later years, character-of-work estimation procedure revised and adjustments made to U&C R&D to eliminate double counting of funds passed through from one academic institution to another. Data for 1998 and later
fBecause of limitations in survey information, data on other government funding to performers other than U&C not available and consequently included in other sectors' support for their own R&D performance, e.g., other government
industry-administered FFRDCs collected by calendar year. Expenditures for other performers are calendar-year approximations based on fiscal year data. In most cases, the approximation equals 75% of amount reported in same fiscal
year plus 25% of amount reported in subsequent fiscal year. However, fiscal year for academic performers generally begins 1 July, not 1 October; also, prior to 1977, federal fiscal year began on 1 July, not 1 October. Therefore,
calendar-year approximations for academic performers and federal performers prior to 1977 equal 50% of amount reported in same fiscal year plus 50% of amount reported in subsequent fiscal year. Detail may not add to total because
of rounding. Constant-dollar estimates derived from unrounded data. Los Alamos National Laboratory (some $2 billion in annual R&D expenditures in recent years) became industry administered in June 2006; previously, it was U&C
administered. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (more than $1 billion in annual R&D expenditures in recent years) became industry administered in October 2007; previously, it was U&C administered. The tracks of R&D
expenditures from 2006 to 2008 for both industry- and U&C-administered FFRDCs reflect these shifts.
Appendix table 4-6

U.S. development expenditures, by performing sector and source of funds: 19532009
All
Performer:
Funding
Year
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
source:
Industry
performers
Industrya
Federal
U&C
U&Cc
Other
FFRDCsb
All
sources
Federal
Total
3,412
3,734
4,189
5,855
6,681
7,214
8,463
9,360
9,930
10,115
11,540
12,506
13,215
14,490
15,332
16,154
17,051
16,925
17,399
18,743
20,197
21,504
22,706
25,085
27,667
31,056
35,445
40,765
46,305
51,879
57,771
66,461
74,522
75,855
79,929
84,567
87,723
94,067
95,105
567
537
543
631
728
842
940
1,003
1,090
1,227
1,465
1,680
1,789
1,886
1,943
1,904
2,016
2,258
2,473
2,639
2,657
2,765
2,890
2,972
3,188
3,676
3,944
4,072
4,530
5,178
6,106
7,078
8,011
8,275
8,176
8,864
9,355
9,700
8,778
2,753
3,090
3,523
5,084
5,790
6,183
7,307
8,104
8,536
8,526
9,651
10,004
10,637
11,810
12,539
13,370
14,071
13,698
13,924
15,043
16,394
17,421
18,352
20,412
22,603
25,216
29,033
33,848
38,547
43,434
48,064
55,371
62,020
62,871
66,789
70,353
72,725
78,376
80,286
Federal
Industry
Total
Total
Federal
1,123
1,405
1,785
2,817
3,616
3,942
4,750
5,169
5,347
5,280
6,116
6,156
6,218
6,849
6,795
7,044
6,944
6,232
6,167
6,533
6,621
6,553
6,783
7,522
8,275
8,756
9,888
10,957
12,791
14,215
15,522
17,640
20,258
21,517
24,122
23,719
21,049
18,966
17,256
1,630
1,685
1,738
2,267
2,174
2,241
2,557
2,935
3,189
3,246
3,535
3,848
4,419
4,961
5,744
6,326
7,127
7,466
7,757
8,510
9,773
10,868
11,569
12,890
14,328
16,460
19,145
22,891
25,756
29,219
32,542
37,731
41,762
41,354
42,667
46,634
51,676
59,410
63,030
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
359
298
271
302
293
332
340
391
402
399
479
535
654
675
753
810
882
950
989
1,054
1,056
1,102
1,145
1,230
1,414
1,423
1,438
1,383
16
17
21
25
26
28
31
35
38
40
40
49
71
87
93
102
110
112
98
101
126
141
156
182
254
373
469
518
568
597
617
677
756
818
945
1,098
1,227
1,407
1,534
9
9
12
14
12
13
16
19
22
23
22
30
48
61
66
72
80
84
69
63
71
75
83
100
153
254
336
362
386
397
399
435
486
513
599
698
773
910
1,012
government Industry
Current $millions
3
1
3
1
4
2
4
2
5
3
6
3
6
3
6
3
7
2
8
2
8
2
8
2
9
2
9
2
9
3
8
4
7
5
6
5
8
4
12
4
18
5
20
7
22
8
24
12
28
15
32
15
34
16
38
19
44
24
46
27
47
31
51
37
57
43
65
50
73
57
83
66
91
76
99
83
103
86
Nonprofit
FFRDCsd
Other nonprofit
FFRDCs
Other
Other
U&C
nonprofit
Total
Total Federald
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
7
8
10
10
9
8
7
9
14
20
25
27
31
40
49
56
68
80
88
97
108
120
136
155
180
205
226
239
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
4
5
7
9
10
10
9
9
13
15
16
16
19
24
28
31
35
39
43
47
49
53
61
71
81
89
94
48
59
69
81
101
120
134
151
170
190
219
227
207
200
208
226
246
249
267
291
296
321
373
447
503
542
603
719
778
745
832
986
1,244
1,504
1,670
1,762
1,782
1,735
1,537
29
32
34
35
37
42
51
69
97
132
165
188
215
236
247
259
277
268
246
267
326
377
400
418
444
496
586
726
485
500
599
762
829
790
698
655
780
920
1,054
17
18
19
20
21
25
32
49
73
103
134
159
183
199
208
217
231
220
194
213
268
314
330
341
359
403
483
612
360
362
447
594
644
587
474
407
507
619
722
Industry
nonprofit
Total
6
7
8
8
8
8
9
10
10
11
11
11
12
14
15
16
18
18
19
19
20
22
23
25
27
30
32
35
37
40
44
47
51
55
60
65
70
75
82
6
7
7
7
8
9
10
10
14
18
20
18
20
23
24
26
28
30
33
35
38
42
47
52
58
64
71
79
88
98
109
120
134
149
165
183
203
226
251
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
447
436
500
530
560
453
421
420
430
490
533
Appendix table 4-6

All
Performer:
Funding
Year
source:
Industry
performers
Industrya
Federal
U&C
U&Cc
Other
FFRDCsb
All
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
sources
99,811
99,705
102,938
113,079
121,377
128,677
144,723
154,356
169,412
167,817
176,672
175,493
177,228
195,720
212,686
227,685
258,499
253,160
Federal
9,098
9,071
8,823
9,262
9,033
9,077
9,214
9,265
9,377
11,062
11,800
12,646
12,746
13,994
16,089
18,016
17,566
17,389
Total
84,569
84,757
87,890
97,342
105,863
113,184
129,041
138,807
153,745
149,952
157,788
155,060
155,034
172,208
188,112
200,429
231,449
226,554
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
21,111
22,895
25,256
34,127
37,688
39,798
46,149
50,337
52,799
53,058
59,896
63,930
66,343
70,733
72,615
73,389
73,818
69,602
68,144
70,372
71,842
3,506
3,293
3,271
3,675
4,104
4,643
5,126
5,391
5,793
6,436
7,604
8,588
8,979
9,207
9,203
8,650
8,727
9,285
9,684
9,909
9,452
17,036
18,946
21,241
29,636
32,662
34,112
39,845
43,582
45,389
44,725
50,094
51,140
53,401
57,653
59,389
60,743
60,918
56,332
54,536
56,479
58,315
Total
1,372
1,038
1,196
1,208
1,358
1,292
1,280
1,208
1,185
647
639
747
851
1,052
1,156
1,738
1,948
1,967
Total
1,596
1,700
1,816
1,812
1,791
1,708
1,619
1,391
1,290
1,442
1,485
1,816
2,158
2,085
1,880
1,891
1,935
1,927
6,949
8,615
10,762
16,421
20,398
21,749
25,902
27,798
28,432
27,697
31,745
31,469
31,216
33,435
32,183
32,002
30,063
25,628
24,154
24,528
23,552
10,087
10,331
10,479
13,215
12,264
12,364
13,943
15,784
16,957
17,028
18,348
19,671
22,185
24,218
27,205
28,740
30,855
30,703
30,382
31,951
34,764
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,835
1,496
1,323
1,430
1,331
1,437
1,398
1,531
1,509
1,419
99
104
127
146
147
152
169
186
199
210
208
248
354
425
440
461
474
461
384
379
446
Federal Industry
17,181
67,388
16,083
68,674
16,209
71,681
17,824
79,518
17,066
88,797
18,121
95,063
18,452 110,589
16,571 122,236
13,510 140,235
12,542 137,410
13,061 144,727
11,939 143,121
14,419 140,615
15,512 156,696
16,720 171,392
14,860 185,569
29,488 201,961
30,436 196,118
Other
Other
Industry
91
97
102
108
115
114
114
119
121
121
120
124
126
126
129
136
152
168
U&C
246
259
276
288
305
305
302
321
348
376
408
447
458
464
479
495
540
587
nonprofit
100
107
112
113
115
112
113
121
130
140
153
166
170
169
172
184
206
227
Total
1,452
1,374
1,378
1,616
1,520
1,454
1,527
1,640
1,577
1,717
1,726
1,954
2,447
2,360
2,136
2,488
2,239
1,872
Total Federald
1,125
758
1,191
787
1,261
815
1,236
744
1,241
698
1,378
687
1,535
760
1,578
727
1,579
580
1,963
874
2,161
937
2,054
743
2,612
1,300
2,652
1,211
2,111
603
2,251
568
2,437
562
2,564
575

53
18
6
52
21
6
69
23
9
79
26
12
68
30
14
69
31
17
85
33
16
102
34
13
114
37
11
118
40
10
114
41
10
151
41
10
241
43
10
298
46
10
310
40
12
325
35
18
344
31
22
343
27
21
270
31
16
235
47
13
251
62
18
16
19
19
21
24
24
25
25
27
30
32
33
39
47
47
42
34
29
34
51
71
6
6
6
9
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
13
20
24
31
41
43
41
33
34
44
294
359
416
469
570
662
731
809
901
997
1,134
1,158
1,037
976
985
1,027
1,065
1,024
1,046
1,093
1,051
176
193
202
201
206
229
278
368
516
690
856
961
1,077
1,150
1,167
1,177
1,197
1,102
964
1,002
1,158
Federal
1,055
1,127
1,213
1,180
1,128
1,055
974
710
565
673
662
918
1,237
1,168
944
913
861
756
Nonprofit
government
105
109
114
123
128
121
116
120
125
132
142
161
167
158
156
162
177
189
FFRDCsd
Other nonprofit
FFRDCs
102
107
112
114
116
135
174
261
388
538
696
813
916
969
983
986
998
905
760
800
952
Industry
88
95
103
111
120
155
164
178
195
197
191
195
199
212
226
240
249
241
nonprofit
279
309
343
381
423
536
611
673
804
893
1,034
1,116
1,113
1,229
1,282
1,443
1,626
1,749
Total
599
574
573
603
571
585
507
467
659
1,033
1,074
1,216
1,379
1,369
1,202
872
925
887
37
43
48
47
45
44
49
54
53
58
57
56
60
68
71
73
78
74
74
71
71
37
43
42
41
45
50
55
54
74
94
104
92
100
112
114
118
121
123
129
131
135
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Appendix table 4-6

All
Performer:
Funding
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
source:
Industry
performers
Industrya
Federal
U&C
U&Cc
Other
FFRDCsb
All
sources
70,126
67,651
70,684
73,290
76,870
80,998
85,372
88,665
93,624
100,293
111,201
121,024
120,524
123,415
126,241
126,188
130,286
127,213
130,416
127,460
128,879
138,685
146,081
152,179
169,245
177,893
190,945
184,968
191,626
186,427
183,113
195,720
206,029
Federal
9,018
8,610
8,374
8,445
9,100
9,012
8,529
8,675
9,345
10,600
11,843
13,009
13,147
12,624
13,232
13,458
13,435
11,741
11,887
11,597
11,047
11,359
10,872
10,734
10,775
10,678
10,568
12,192
12,798
13,434
13,169
13,994
15,586
Total
56,810
54,679
57,516
59,875
62,414
66,345
70,886
73,810
78,383
83,441
92,646
100,722
99,894
103,126
105,023
104,614
108,554
107,391
110,501
108,351
110,039
119,384
127,410
133,857
150,906
159,974
173,287
165,278
171,144
164,721
160,182
172,208
182,224
Federal Industry
21,369
35,441
20,210
34,470
21,195
36,321
21,920
37,955
21,673
40,742
22,596
43,749
22,947
47,940
24,492
49,318
25,653
52,730
26,947
56,494
29,515
63,131
32,899
67,822
34,188
65,706
37,246
65,881
35,408
69,615
30,279
74,335
26,269
82,285
23,082
84,310
22,449
88,052
20,560
87,791
20,294
89,745
21,860
97,524
20,540 106,870
21,431 112,426
21,579 129,328
19,098 140,876
15,227 158,060
13,824 151,454
14,167 156,977
12,683 152,038
14,898 145,284
15,512 156,696
16,197 166,028
Total
1,562
1,594
1,843
1,788
1,864
1,851
1,847
1,819
1,785
1,830
1,767
1,790
1,819
1,899
2,111
2,047
1,992
1,850
1,793
1,327
1,497
1,482
1,634
1,528
1,497
1,392
1,336
713
693
793
879
1,052
1,120
Total
458
465
513
673
923
1,073
1,084
1,087
1,077
1,072
1,133
1,228
1,299
1,459
1,639
1,765
1,949
2,052
2,086
2,173
2,274
2,222
2,156
2,020
1,893
1,603
1,454
1,590
1,610
1,929
2,229
2,085
1,821
Federal
243
246
280
405
628
769
758
739
717
693
727
789
816
924
1,042
1,112
1,260
1,353
1,378
1,441
1,519
1,447
1,358
1,248
1,139
819
637
742
718
975
1,278
1,168
915
government
65
66
67
74
79
78
80
84
82
82
86
93
104
113
124
132
138
137
137
139
142
150
154
143
135
138
141
146
154
171
172
158
151
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Other
Industry
21
24
32
38
36
36
41
45
48
54
62
70
80
88
99
110
115
115
119
124
128
133
138
135
134
137
137
133
130
132
131
126
125
U&C
80
82
88
107
121
127
142
152
159
169
180
195
216
240
268
295
313
320
321
331
345
353
367
361
354
370
392
415
443
475
473
464
464
nonprofit
49
48
45
49
58
63
64
67
70
74
78
80
84
93
106
117
123
126
130
137
140
139
138
133
132
139
146
155
166
176
176
169
166
FFRDCsd
Other nonprofit
Other
Total
1,047
1,110
1,260
1,333
1,341
1,379
1,505
1,489
1,344
1,444
1,650
2,020
2,389
2,578
2,630
2,563
2,403
2,055
1,897
1,756
1,726
1,982
1,829
1,720
1,786
1,890
1,778
1,892
1,872
2,076
2,529
2,360
2,069
Total Federald
1,231
1,022
1,193
983
1,179
961
1,177
951
1,228
996
1,339
1,103
1,520
1,282
929
689
903
654
1,041
776
1,275
995
1,346
1,046
1,256
932
1,078
731
978
608
1,122
729
1,275
857
1,411
966
1,470
991
1,523
1,006
1,579
1,020
1,516
912
1,494
840
1,629
812
1,795
889
1,818
838
1,780
653
2,164
963
2,344
1,016
2,182
790
2,699
1,344
2,652
1,211
2,045
584
Industry
71
70
71
72
73
73
72
72
73
76
79
83
88
92
96
100
104
109
115
122
129
136
145
183
192
205
220
217
207
207
206
212
219
nonprofit
138
140
147
153
159
163
166
168
176
188
202
217
236
255
274
293
313
336
364
395
430
468
510
634
714
775
907
984
1,121
1,185
1,150
1,229
1,242
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
856
787
867
887
909
719
650
627
619
679
713
783
734
717
740
687
691
593
538
743
1,139
1,165
1,292
1,425
1,369
1,164
Appendix table 4-6

All
Performer:
Funding
Year
2007
2008
2009
source:
Industry
performers
Industrya
Federal
U&C
U&Cc
Other
FFRDCsb
All
sources
214,339
238,067
230,713
Federal
16,960
16,178
15,847
Total
188,681
213,155
206,467
Federal Industry
13,989 174,692
27,157 185,998
27,737 178,729
Total
1,636
1,794
1,792
Total
1,780
1,782
1,756
Federal
860
793
689
government
153
163
172
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Other
Industry
128
140
153
U&C
466
497
535
nonprofit
173
189
207
FFRDCsd
Other nonprofit
Other
Total
2,342
2,062
1,706
Total Federald
2,119
534
2,244
518
2,337
524
Industry
226
229
219
nonprofit
1,358
1,497
1,594
Total
821
852
808
for industry FFRDCs for 195363 not separated from federal support for industry; thus, the figure for federal support to industry includes support to FFRDCs for those years.
cFor 1998 and later years, character-of-work estimation procedure revised and adjustments made to U&C R&D to eliminate double counting of funds passed through from one academic institution to another. Data for 1998 and later
fBecause of limitations in survey information, data on other government funding to performers other than U&C not available and consequently included in other sectors' support for their own R&D performance, e.g., other government
NOTES: Technical notes explaining methodological issues of measurement available on request. Data based on annual reports by performers, except for the nonprofit sector (where some figures involve estimates). R&D expenditures of
FFRDCs are chiefly federal funds, but any nonfederal funds also included in totals. For trend comparisons, use only historical data reported here; do not use data published earlier. Expenditures for industry and, prior to 2001, for
industry-administered FFRDCs collected by calendar year. Expenditures for other performers are calendar-year approximations based on fiscal year data. In most cases, the approximation equals 75% of amount reported in same fiscal
year plus 25% of amount reported in subsequent fiscal year. However, fiscal year for academic performers generally begins 1 July, not 1 October; also, prior to 1977, federal fiscal year began on 1 July, not 1 October. Therefore,
calendar-year approximations for academic performers and federal performers prior to 1977 equal 50% of amount reported in same fiscal year plus 50% of amount reported in subsequent fiscal year. Detail may not add to total because
of rounding. Constant-dollar estimates derived from unrounded data. Los Alamos National Laboratory (some $2 billion in annual R&D expenditures in recent years) became industry administered in June 2006; previously, it was U&C
administered. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (more than $1 billion in annual R&D expenditures in recent years) became industry administered in October 2007; previously, it was U&C administered. The tracks of R&D
expenditures from 2006 to 2008 for both industry- and U&C-administered FFRDCs reflect these shifts.
Appendix table 4-7

U.S. research and development expenditures, by source of funds and performing sector: 19532009
Funding
All
source:
sources
Other
Federal
All
Industry
Industry
Year
Total
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
5,160
5,617
6,281
8,500
9,908
10,915
12,490
13,711
14,564
15,636
17,519
19,103
20,252
22,072
23,346
24,666
25,996
26,271
26,952
28,740
30,952
33,359
35,671
39,435
43,338
48,719
55,379
63,224
72,292
80,748
89,950
102,244
114,671
120,249
126,360
133,881
141,891
151,993
160,876
2,783
3,098
3,603
4,978
6,233
6,974
8,167
8,915
9,484
10,138
11,645
12,764
13,194
14,165
14,563
14,964
15,228
14,984
15,210
16,039
16,587
17,287
18,533
20,292
22,071
24,414
27,225
29,986
33,739
37,133
41,451
46,470
52,641
54,622
58,609
60,131
60,466
61,610
60,783
Federal Industryb
1,015
963
973
1,130
1,297
1,507
1,681
1,801
1,987
2,188
2,558
2,965
3,156
3,308
3,444
3,497
3,790
4,154
4,409
4,676
4,837
5,132
5,561
5,890
6,211
6,962
7,471
7,831
8,605
9,501
10,830
11,916
13,093
13,504
13,588
14,342
15,231
15,671
15,249
1,430
1,750
2,057
2,995
3,928
4,436
5,217
5,604
5,685
6,008
6,856
7,257
7,367
7,977
7,946
8,145
7,987
7,306
7,175
7,469
7,600
7,572
7,878
8,671
9,523
10,107
11,354
12,752
14,997
17,061
19,095
21,657
25,333
26,000
28,757
28,221
26,359
25,802
24,095
U&C
c
FFRDCs
U&C
NA
NA
123
333
407
323
418
477
555
426
414
463
373
355
419
415
464
473
491
548
545
648
727
890
962
1,082
1,164
1,277
1,385
1,484
1,585
1,739
1,863
1,891
1,995
2,122
2,195
2,323
2,277
149
165
191
221
242
280
356
453
557
687
839
995
1,167
1,335
1,491
1,586
1,624
1,686
1,760
1,890
2,009
2,160
2,400
2,619
2,893
3,329
3,848
4,335
4,670
4,879
5,210
5,748
6,388
7,028
7,768
8,593
9,317
9,939
10,667
Other
Nonprofit
FFRDCs nonprofitd FFRDCsd

Total Industrye
Current $millions
131
58
NA
2,247
2,200
161
61
NA
2,375
2,320
187
64
9
2,522
2,460
217
71
11
3,346
3,277
267
79
14
3,470
3,396
316
95
18
3,707
3,630
349
125
22
4,065
3,983
385
148
48
4,516
4,428
440
169
92
4,757
4,668
500
200
130
5,124
5,029
580
234
165
5,456
5,360
629
250
205
5,888
5,792
630
286
215
6,549
6,445
652
329
210
7,331
7,216
696
342
225
8,146
8,020
722
364
235
9,008
8,869
731
388
245
10,011
9,857
727
410
230
10,449
10,288
735
427
215
10,824
10,654
785
472
200
11,715
11,535
841
566
190
13,299
13,104
926
639
210
14,885
14,667
1,067
675
225
15,824
15,582
1,266
711
245
17,702
17,436
1,467
740
275
19,642
19,340
1,772
830
333
22,457
22,115
2,013
985
390
26,097
25,708
2,306
1,017
469
30,929
30,476
2,484
1,075
524
35,948
35,428
2,544
1,129
536
40,692
40,105
2,840
1,306
585
45,264
44,588
3,243
1,548
620
52,187
51,404
3,616
1,694
655
57,962
57,043
3,973
1,686
541
60,991
59,932
4,287
1,704
509
62,576
61,403
4,581
1,762
510
67,977
66,672
4,756
2,062
547
74,966
73,501
4,894
2,346
636
83,208
81,602
5,120
2,679
696
92,300
90,580
Other
Other
nonprofit
U&C
21
24
27
32
37
39
40
40
40
41
41
41
42
45
52
58
61
66
72
79
90
104
118
131
155
182
215
264
314
363
432
518
630
745
831
933
1,061
1,166
1,242
26
31
35
37
37
38
42
48
49
54
55
55
62
70
74
81
93
95
98
101
105
114
124
135
147
160
174
189
206
224
244
265
289
314
342
372
405
440
479
37
40
42
46
51
56
61
67
75
84
96
114
136
165
200
221
233
259
290
312
343
393
432
480
569
679
785
920
1,058
1,207
1,357
1,514
1,743
2,019
2,262
2,527
2,852
3,187
3,458
U&C
governmenta
Other nonprofit
U&C
c
Total nonprofit
U&Cc
U&Cc
55
60
64
74
91
107
117
123
148
179
197
200
225
252
271
290
316
343
366
393
422
474
534
592
662
727
791
871
967
1,095
1,220
1,351
1,491
1,647
1,849
2,081
2,333
2,589
2,852
27
29
32
36
40
45
50
55
62
70
78
88
101
114
126
139
155
171
182
195
211
239
272
300
337
364
386
419
463
534
595
654
713
780
882
1,003
1,131
1,249
1,358
40
45
50
57
64
72
81
90
101
112
125
138
150
160
168
185
208
237
262
282
302
320
348
369
394
443
482
519
581
621
658
721
834
969
1,065
1,165
1,274
1,399
1,483
28
31
32
38
51
62
67
68
86
109
119
112
124
138
145
151
161
172
184
198
211
235
262
292
326
363
405
452
504
561
626
698
778
867
967
1,078
1,202
1,340
1,494
Appendix table 4-7

Funding
All
source:
sources
Other
Federal
All
Year
Industry
Industry
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
165,350
165,730
169,207
183,625
197,346
212,152
226,457
245,007
267,983
279,755
278,744
291,239
302,503
324,993
350,162
376,960
403,040
400,458
Total
60,915
60,528
60,777
62,969
63,394
64,574
66,383
67,055
66,936
74,983
80,056
86,107
91,656
96,276
100,768
105,822
117,611
124,432
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
31,931
34,437
37,871
49,548
55,893
60,220
68,106
73,737
77,444
82,022
90,932
97,653
101,672
107,747
110,576
112,063
112,544
108,038
105,561
107,905
110,098
17,219
18,995
21,725
29,018
35,159
38,477
44,535
47,944
50,431
53,182
60,446
65,251
66,236
69,147
68,974
67,985
65,928
61,621
59,573
60,219
59,002
Federal Industryb
15,853
22,369
16,531
20,844
16,355
20,261
16,904
21,178
16,585
21,356
16,819
21,798
17,362
22,086
17,851
20,496
18,374
17,117
22,374
16,899
23,798
16,401
24,982
17,798
24,898
20,266
26,322
21,909
28,240
24,304
29,859
26,585
29,839
36,360
30,901
39,573
6,281
5,902
5,865
6,590
7,318
8,312
9,167
9,684
10,567
11,476
13,280
15,158
15,845
16,147
16,314
15,888
16,409
17,082
17,268
17,555
17,204
8,849
10,730
12,402
17,459
22,158
24,474
28,448
30,137
30,229
31,516
35,586
37,098
36,985
38,941
37,635
37,004
34,578
30,045
28,102
28,042
27,034
U&C
FFRDCs
2,353
1,965
2,202
2,273
2,297
2,130
2,078
2,039
2,001
2,020
2,263
2,458
2,485
2,601
3,122
5,165
6,346
6,446
U&C
11,528
12,307
12,996
13,592
14,084
14,530
15,174
16,264
17,727
19,784
22,395
25,129
27,168
28,254
28,810
29,351
30,341
31,575
NA
NA
742
1,941
2,296
1,782
2,279
2,565
2,951
2,235
2,149
2,367
1,873
1,733
1,985
1,885
2,009
1,945
1,923
2,057
1,939
922
1,009
1,152
1,288
1,362
1,545
1,939
2,433
2,959
3,601
4,352
5,086
5,859
6,517
7,059
7,206
7,029
6,931
6,891
7,096
7,144
Other
Nonprofit

5,259
2,806
748
5,289
2,843
749
5,294
2,911
758
5,367
2,847
808
5,395
2,906
772
5,463
3,014
821
5,559
3,281
843
5,652
3,761
993
5,742
4,510
1,465
6,225
5,488
2,192
7,102
5,778
2,319
7,301
5,945
2,494
7,659
6,537
2,644
7,817
6,545
2,828
7,306
6,044
2,943
5,567
5,980
3,316
4,766
6,236
3,724
4,968
7,133
3,835
811
984
1,127
1,265
1,503
1,741
1,903
2,070
2,340
2,623
3,008
3,215
3,160
3,180
3,296
3,280
3,165
2,988
2,877
2,947
2,992
356
371
386
411
443
524
679
796
899
1,049
1,215
1,278
1,436
1,604
1,620
1,654
1,678
1,684
1,670
1,770
2,013
Other
Total Industrye
96,229
94,388
96,549
94,591
99,204
97,131
110,871 108,652
123,417 121,015
136,228 133,611
147,825 145,016
164,606 161,594
186,038 182,844
188,337 185,118
180,625 177,467
186,076 182,926
191,266 188,035
207,680 204,250
227,057 223,365
246,679 242,682
258,626 254,321
247,357 242,820

0
13,902
0
14,559
51
15,206
64
19,502
79
19,572
99
20,452
120
22,164
258
24,286
487
25,295
682
26,876
856
28,317
1,048
30,097
1,079
32,875
1,025
35,788
1,066
38,580
1,068
40,923
1,061
43,339
946
42,968
842
42,394
751
43,984
676
47,304
13,614
14,225
14,832
19,102
19,157
20,027
21,719
23,813
24,821
26,381
27,821
29,609
32,356
35,226
37,985
40,294
42,674
42,308
41,728
43,308
46,612
governmenta
Other nonprofit
U&C
Other
U&C
1,320
1,392
1,456
1,548
1,672
1,808
1,950
2,082
2,174
2,190
2,160
2,129
2,190
2,323
2,509
2,741
3,004
3,279
nonprofit
521
567
617
671
730
809
859
931
1,020
1,029
998
1,020
1,041
1,107
1,182
1,257
1,301
1,258
U&C
3,569
3,709
3,938
4,110
4,436
4,838
5,163
5,619
6,232
6,827
7,344
7,650
7,936
8,578
9,285
9,959
10,707
11,436
127
144
163
184
206
215
215
215
213
212
210
207
208
220
244
261
262
269
282
297
318
161
190
211
216
209
210
229
258
261
283
285
281
311
342
350
368
403
391
384
379
373
226
242
253
268
288
306
333
360
396
441
498
580
683
803
945
1,002
1,009
1,063
1,134
1,170
1,220
Total nonprofit
3,113
1,666
3,388
1,857
3,665
2,071
3,925
2,308
4,239
2,574
4,590
2,804
5,114
3,192
5,628
3,516
6,530
4,204
7,211
4,666
8,162
5,404
8,664
5,831
8,761
5,816
9,538
6,425
10,031
6,702
11,235
7,541
12,578
8,498
13,559
9,141
340
368
386
431
513
588
635
661
787
936
1,023
1,022
1,127
1,228
1,281
1,315
1,368
1,411
1,434
1,474
1,499
173
190
193
222
288
342
365
366
457
572
618
573
623
674
687
686
697
707
721
743
751
U&Cc
1,448
1,531
1,595
1,617
1,666
1,786
1,922
2,112
2,326
2,546
2,758
2,833
2,945
3,113
3,329
3,694
4,080
4,418
U&Cc
1,525
1,557
1,623
1,751
1,861
1,922
1,972
2,098
2,247
2,397
2,557
2,742
2,883
2,922
3,021
3,265
3,518
3,675
167
178
193
210
226
246
270
296
330
365
405
450
505
554
594
629
671
703
713
730
749
244
273
301
329
361
397
439
484
534
588
649
703
751
781
796
838
901
975
1,026
1,059
1,072
Appendix table 4-7

Funding
All
source:
sources
Other
Federal
All
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
108,784
106,282
111,118
114,802
120,589
126,549
132,407
138,425
145,722
156,156
171,072
186,227
191,059
195,108
199,858
204,107
210,515
215,189
216,053
211,865
211,847
225,206
237,513
250,901
264,829
282,368
302,045
308,347
302,337
309,385
312,548
324,993
339,202
Industry
Industry
Total
56,373
55,220
57,177
58,467
60,429
62,213
62,799
64,603
67,013
71,960
77,753
85,490
86,788
90,497
89,764
86,979
85,332
81,304
79,593
77,377
76,093
77,228
76,297
76,368
77,632
77,280
75,444
82,647
86,832
91,472
94,700
96,276
97,614
Federal Industryb
16,737
24,692
16,570
23,472
16,597
24,433
16,454
25,226
17,233
25,017
17,073
25,946
16,399
26,706
16,476
28,716
17,146
30,789
18,800
33,150
19,937
36,236
21,263
41,141
21,457
41,311
20,981
44,403
21,410
42,128
21,909
37,917
21,705
35,737
20,398
32,230
20,714
29,228
21,132
26,646
20,477
25,367
20,731
25,974
19,960
25,703
19,891
25,779
20,304
25,828
20,573
23,621
20,710
19,293
24,661
18,626
25,812
17,789
26,539
18,907
25,724
20,939
26,322
21,909
27,356
23,543
FFRDCs
2,113
2,166
2,508
2,548
2,678
2,660
2,674
2,652
2,678
2,752
2,910
3,026
3,005
3,080
3,168
3,157
3,217
3,046
3,075
2,512
2,757
2,788
2,765
2,519
2,430
2,350
2,255
2,227
2,455
2,611
2,568
2,601
3,024
U&C
c
U&C
7,044
7,151
7,380
7,662
8,239
8,793
9,078
8,941
8,804
9,045
9,617
10,374
11,166
11,994
12,828
13,402
13,766
14,268
15,062
15,733
16,270
16,670
16,951
17,183
17,745
18,744
19,980
21,806
24,291
26,695
28,070
28,254
27,908
Other
Nonprofit

3,020
2,082
685
3,179
2,011
670
3,566
2,003
690
3,887
1,961
728
4,385
2,054
823
4,599
2,251
891
4,829
2,130
982
4,757
2,058
1,003
4,590
2,038
967
4,931
2,266
1,016
5,427
2,590
1,038
5,872
2,751
1,063
6,312
2,678
860
6,620
2,632
786
6,838
2,631
761
6,841
2,966
787
6,778
3,249
881
6,849
3,583
931
6,872
3,666
977
6,761
3,635
958
6,628
3,645
949
6,583
3,492
991
6,493
3,497
929
6,461
3,565
971
6,501
3,837
986
6,514
4,334
1,144
6,472
5,083
1,651
6,862
6,049
2,416
7,703
6,267
2,515
7,756
6,315
2,649
7,913
6,754
2,732
7,817
6,545
2,828
7,078
5,854
2,851
Other
Total Industrye
48,541
47,829
47,148
46,426
49,881
49,131
52,030
51,231
55,584
54,739
59,635
58,747
64,773
63,825
68,834
67,838
73,435
72,376
78,580
77,406
87,318
86,008
94,131
92,639
96,907
95,224
96,621
94,810
101,476
99,528
107,837 105,730
115,246 113,022
123,462 121,161
125,736 123,331
123,426 120,922
124,204 121,608
135,976 133,255
148,536 145,646
161,109 158,015
172,873 169,588
189,707 186,235
209,685 206,085
207,586 204,038
195,914 192,488
197,669 194,323
197,617 194,279
207,680 204,250
219,950 216,374
U&C
339
352
369
409
449
490
552
601
655
750
866
1,023
1,184
1,283
1,393
1,526
1,614
1,661
1,724
1,779
1,823
1,898
2,012
2,138
2,280
2,399
2,450
2,414
2,343
2,262
2,262
2,323
2,431
nonprofit
373
370
381
390
396
398
397
395
405
424
444
469
499
528
555
582
610
641
681
725
772
823
879
956
1,005
1,073
1,149
1,134
1,083
1,084
1,076
1,107
1,145
governmenta
Other nonprofit
U&C
Other
c
U&C
1,280
1,286
1,353
1,506
1,681
1,794
1,926
2,025
2,177
2,355
2,533
2,831
3,207
3,493
3,772
4,103
4,413
4,625
4,663
4,741
4,930
5,041
5,338
5,722
6,038
6,476
7,024
7,525
7,965
8,127
8,200
8,578
8,995
Total nonprofit
1,547
767
1,592
781
1,668
824
1,755
864
1,799
900
1,807
926
1,824
946
1,851
964
1,976
1,013
2,119
1,087
2,261
1,168
2,422
1,264
2,618
1,378
2,854
1,493
3,107
1,610
3,356
1,729
3,586
1,856
3,815
1,999
4,068
2,177
4,331
2,374
4,589
2,592
4,814
2,831
5,102
3,097
5,428
3,316
5,981
3,733
6,486
4,052
7,361
4,739
7,948
5,142
8,853
5,861
9,204
6,194
9,052
6,009
9,538
6,425
9,717
6,492
U&Cc
779
810
844
891
900
881
877
887
963
1,032
1,093
1,158
1,239
1,361
1,497
1,627
1,730
1,816
1,891
1,957
1,996
1,983
2,004
2,113
2,247
2,434
2,622
2,806
2,992
3,009
3,043
3,113
3,225
U&Cc
1,044
1,037
1,040
1,044
1,097
1,100
1,086
1,112
1,121
1,142
1,206
1,354
1,540
1,644
1,739
1,833
1,938
1,983
1,993
1,990
2,031
2,148
2,240
2,273
2,306
2,418
2,532
2,642
2,774
2,913
2,979
2,922
2,926
Appendix table 4-7

Funding
All
source:
sources
Other
Federal
All
Year
2007
2008
2009
354,864
371,184
364,951
Industry
Industry
Total
99,619
108,315
113,399
Federal Industryb
28,109
25,027
27,480
33,486
28,161
36,064
FFRDCs
4,862
5,844
5,875
U&C
c
U&C
27,631
27,943
28,775
Other
Nonprofit

5,241
5,629
3,121
4,389
5,743
3,429
4,528
6,501
3,495
Other
Total Industrye
232,220 228,457
238,184 234,219
225,425 221,290
U&C
2,580
2,767
2,988
nonprofit
1,183
1,198
1,146
governmenta
Other nonprofit
U&C
Other
c
U&C
9,375
9,861
10,422
Total nonprofit
10,576
7,099
11,584
7,827
12,356
8,330
U&Cc
3,478
3,757
4,026
U&Cc
3,074
3,240
3,349
aBecause of
limitations in survey information, data on other government funding to performers other than U&C not available and consequently included in other sectors' support for their own R&D performance, e.g., other government
bFederal support for industry in 195354 did not separate federal support for industry and for industry FFRDCs; thus, the figure for federal support to industry includes support to FFRDCs for those years.
cAdjustments made to U&C R&D for 1998 and later years to eliminate double counting of funds passed through from one academic institution to another. Data for 1998 and later years are not directly comparable with data for 1997
and earlier years. For FY 1998, $479 million in total passthrough funds and $421 million in federal passthrough funds reported. For FY 2009, $1,873 million in total passthrough funds and $1,660 million in federal passthrough funds
estimated.
dFederal support for nonprofit FFRDCs in 195354 did not separate federal support for other nonprofits and for nonprofit FFRDCs; thus, the figures for federal support to other nonprofit institutions include support to FFRDCs for
those years.
eIndustry sources of funding for industry R&D expenditures include all nonfederal sources of funding for industry R&D expenditures.
NOTES: Technical notes explaining methodological issues of measurement available on request. Data based on annual reports by performers, except for the nonprofit sector (where some figures involve estimates). R&D
to 2001, for industry-administered FFRDCs collected by calendar year. Expenditures for other performers are calendar-year approximations based on fiscal year data. In most cases, the approximation equals 75% of amount
reported in same fiscal year plus 25% of amount reported in subsequent fiscal year. However, fiscal year for academic performers generally begins 1 July, not 1 October; also, prior to 1977, federal fiscal year began on 1 July, not 1
October. Therefore, calendar-year approximations for academic performers and federal performers prior to 1977 equal 50% of amount reported in same fiscal year plus 50% of amount reported in subsequent fiscal year. Detail may
not add to total because of rounding. Constant-dollar estimates derived from unrounded data. Los Alamos National Laboratory (some $2 billion in annual R&D expenditures in recent years) became industry administered in June
2006; previously, it was U&C administered. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (more than $1 billion in annual R&D expenditures in recent years) became industry administered in October 2007; previously, it was U&C
administered. The tracks of R&D expenditures from 2006 to 2008 for both industry- and U&C-administered FFRDCs reflect these shifts.
Appendix table 4-8

U.S. basic research expenditures, by source of funds and performing sector: 19532009
Funding
All
source:
sources
Other
Performer:
performers
Total
460
509
579
718
814
944
1,087
1,286
1,512
1,824
2,115
2,396
2,664
2,930
3,168
3,376
3,491
3,594
3,720
3,850
4,099
4,511
4,875
5,373
6,008
6,959
7,836
8,745
9,658
10,651
11,880
13,332
14,748
17,154
18,481
19,787
21,891
23,029
27,140
265
291
327
393
452
538
666
794
973
1,218
1,446
1,693
1,900
2,075
2,280
2,399
2,457
2,501
2,559
2,656
2,847
3,146
3,415
3,793
4,235
4,950
5,558
6,145
6,591
7,121
7,853
8,651
9,407
10,220
11,090
12,097
13,392
14,057
15,283
Federal
All
Year
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Industry
Industry
Federal Industryb
102
96
98
114
124
149
165
184
230
252
285
339
375
410
434
482
545
562
581
603
652
715
760
850
943
1,044
1,112
1,212
1,343
1,522
1,733
1,877
1,947
2,026
2,047
2,116
2,309
2,319
2,378
19
23
27
37
41
43
72
79
81
143
147
123
157
142
168
145
123
122
101
91
96
114
104
116
135
156
161
170
164
253
346
340
358
434
598
656
986
869
1,251
FFRDCs
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
42
29
31
34
35
37
36
33
39
36
49
53
69
75
94
104
120
137
128
117
136
131
117
142
337
398
499
461
U&C
U&C
82
97
117
143
167
202
263
341
432
546
689
824
944
1,066
1,188
1,265
1,288
1,323
1,385
1,437
1,489
1,609
1,768
1,924
2,114
2,399
2,719
3,061
3,331
3,475
3,689
4,087
4,606
5,122
5,527
5,937
6,422
6,889
7,423
Other
Nonprofit
FFRDCs nonprofite FFRDCse

Total
Current $millions
36
27
NA
154
44
31
NA
169
50
36
NA
192
58
42
NA
251
72
49
NA
268
85
59
NA
292
95
72
NA
290
106
85
NA
343
126
105
NA
361
148
130
NA
394
175
150
NA
425
200
166
NA
434
218
179
NA
462
239
188
NA
512
263
194
NA
495
276
196
NA
537
272
192
NA
541
265
195
NA
531
252
207
NA
551
270
216
NA
565
343
232
NA
607
415
245
NA
656
476
255
NA
704
556
278
NA
774
667
301
NA
862
906
351
NA
970
1,050
413
NA
1,107
1,167
416
NA
1,286
1,284
324
9
1,600
1,366
369
9
1,854
1,536
426
8
2,146
1,709
494
9
2,584
1,793
560
13
2,915
1,915
594
13
4,130
2,086
675
14
4,282
2,272
756
24
4,275
2,371
860
46
4,692
2,470
947
65
4,710
2,657
1,036
77
7,157
Other
f
Industry
132
143
162
216
230
252
248
297
314
345
375
384
406
451
427
462
458
444
456
463
499
536
573
634
701
785
893
1,035
1,313
1,523
1,760
2,132
2,373
3,496
3,583
3,507
3,832
3,760
6,125
nonprofit
13
15
17
20
23
24
24
25
25
25
25
25
27
29
34
38
40
43
50
55
59
66
72
75
89
107
128
156
183
215
260
313
389
466
514
565
637
705
764
9
11
13
15
15
16
18
21
22
24
25
25
29
32
34
37
43
44
45
47
49
54
59
65
72
79
87
95
105
115
127
139
153
168
185
203
223
245
269
U&C
governmenta
Other nonprofit
U&C
Other
U&C
6
8
12
15
20
24
28
33
40
48
58
70
86
106
136
156
171
196
214
216
223
250
264
283
334
398
466
544
615
716
816
915
1,075
1,262
1,399
1,530
1,714
1,929
2,127
Total nonprofit
28
31
35
41
50
59
66
71
85
101
113
115
122
133
144
154
170
187
204
218
227
254
280
305
346
380
419
463
512
591
668
746
837
936
1,052
1,180
1,327
1,486
1,660
12
13
14
17
23
28
30
30
37
46
50
47
52
58
61
63
67
72
77
84
90
102
116
131
148
168
190
215
243
275
311
351
397
449
507
573
647
730
825
U&Cd
U&Cd
16
18
21
24
27
31
36
41
48
55
63
68
70
75
83
91
103
115
127
134
137
153
164
175
198
213
229
248
269
317
358
395
440
488
545
607
680
756
836
7
10
14
19
25
31
38
45
54
64
75
84
94
104
114
131
153
179
194
195
196
204
212
218
232
260
286
307
338
368
396
436
514
606
659
705
766
847
912
Appendix table 4-8

Funding
All
source:
sources
Other
Performer:
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
performers
27,604
28,743
29,651
29,610
32,799
36,921
35,372
38,935
42,759
47,751
51,383
54,611
56,092
59,686
61,199
66,206
70,220
75,969
Total
15,710
16,399
16,770
16,990
18,063
19,420
20,847
22,799
24,791
27,603
30,924
33,497
34,683
36,103
36,936
38,605
38,547
40,451
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
2,843
3,118
3,491
4,185
4,589
5,205
5,927
6,916
8,037
9,568
10,978
12,248
13,374
14,303
15,002
15,338
15,112
14,780
14,571
14,455
14,582
1,640
1,781
1,972
2,288
2,547
2,965
3,629
4,270
5,171
6,389
7,503
8,655
9,539
10,129
10,796
10,897
10,636
10,287
10,022
9,970
10,127
Federal
All
Year
Industry
Industry
Federal Industryb
2,419
712
2,621
466
2,547
436
2,689
190
2,680
650
2,746
1,029
3,003
1,002
3,347
1,108
3,765
925
4,260
754
4,511
888
4,664
1,386
4,697
1,072
4,770
1,108
4,716
1,444
4,621
2,780
4,957
1,475
5,507
1,340
628
589
588
662
699
822
897
987
1,220
1,322
1,477
1,733
1,880
2,001
2,053
2,190
2,360
2,311
2,276
2,262
2,319
118
141
163
216
231
237
393
425
431
750
763
629
788
693
796
659
533
502
396
342
341
U&C
FFRDCs
474
492
503
530
708
625
568
557
547
552
534
299
175
136
652
2,258
2,423
2,550
U&C
8,058
8,638
9,139
9,634
10,092
10,924
11,941
12,892
13,966
15,553
17,724
19,658
21,150
22,186
22,690
23,043
23,500
24,242
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
215
146
151
161
159
160
148
129
146
128
504
592
702
831
939
1,114
1,431
1,831
2,294
2,862
3,576
4,210
4,737
5,204
5,624
5,747
5,574
5,439
5,423
5,395
5,295
Other
Nonprofit

2,867
1,114
67
2,953
1,157
72
2,934
1,137
75
2,702
1,170
75
2,606
1,248
79
2,671
1,317
108
2,660
1,461
213
2,765
1,734
397
2,874
2,099
616
3,104
2,464
915
3,714
2,575
979
3,747
2,714
1,029
3,730
2,788
1,070
3,820
2,903
1,181
3,344
2,849
1,242
1,724
2,829
1,350
1,672
3,073
1,447
1,808
3,496
1,508
223
270
301
338
403
469
515
570
667
774
908
1,020
1,092
1,164
1,246
1,252
1,178
1,088
987
1,014
1,220
167
190
217
242
274
323
393
457
558
682
779
849
896
915
916
890
831
800
811
811
823
governmenta
Other nonprofit
U&C
Other
Other
Total
6,925
7,136
7,323
6,715
8,309
10,390
6,643
7,474
8,181
9,390
8,707
8,948
8,829
9,798
9,387
11,169
13,777
16,486
Industry
5,816
5,961
6,078
5,379
6,848
8,766
4,851
5,537
6,115
7,299
6,659
6,944
6,763
7,559
6,940
8,488
10,893
13,444
U&C
814
851
890
945
1,032
1,175
1,315
1,421
1,499
1,519
1,494
1,438
1,488
1,624
1,791
1,983
2,162
2,344
nonprofit
295
324
356
390
428
449
477
517
566
571
554
567
578
614
656
698
722
698
U&C
2,203
2,268
2,406
2,511
2,740
3,144
3,483
3,835
4,298
4,737
5,077
5,165
5,392
5,999
6,624
7,207
7,708
8,173

NA
953
NA
1,036
NA
1,158
NA
1,460
NA
1,509
NA
1,611
NA
1,581
NA
1,842
NA
1,920
NA
2,067
NA
2,203
NA
2,219
NA
2,317
NA
2,499
NA
2,342
NA
2,437
NA
2,340
NA
2,184
NA
2,156
NA
2,121
NA
2,157
817
877
977
1,259
1,297
1,390
1,352
1,597
1,670
1,810
1,946
1,963
2,038
2,202
2,022
2,099
1,983
1,826
1,786
1,738
1,775
80
92
102
114
127
132
131
132
133
131
127
128
133
142
159
170
171
177
194
206
208
56
67
78
87
85
88
98
113
117
126
130
128
146
156
161
168
186
181
176
176
174
37
52
70
90
111
132
155
180
212
251
299
356
432
520
642
710
741
805
838
811
794
Total nonprofit
1,824
931
1,987
1,051
2,160
1,186
2,326
1,338
2,539
1,510
2,718
1,557
3,069
1,773
3,394
1,952
3,939
2,334
4,357
2,590
4,907
3,000
5,150
3,238
5,231
3,229
5,744
3,568
6,097
3,721
6,861
4,187
7,655
4,719
8,233
5,075
173
190
208
236
282
326
357
382
449
527
584
588
612
649
682
700
734
767
797
818
806
74
80
84
99
130
154
164
161
197
241
260
240
261
283
289
286
290
296
302
315
320
U&Cd
893
936
974
987
1,028
1,162
1,296
1,442
1,604
1,767
1,907
1,913
2,001
2,177
2,376
2,674
2,937
3,158
U&Cd
941
952
992
1,070
1,149
1,248
1,330
1,432
1,550
1,663
1,768
1,850
1,958
2,042
2,155
2,363
2,533
2,627
99
110
124
137
152
171
194
220
253
286
324
348
351
366
393
413
444
471
495
503
486
40
59
84
111
140
171
205
242
285
334
389
431
474
505
539
594
662
738
758
734
698
Appendix table 4-8

Funding
All
source:
sources
Other
Performer:
performers
14,709
14,524
15,140
15,916
17,224
17,907
18,314
18,492
19,221
20,624
22,306
23,951
27,255
28,536
29,538
31,489
31,896
36,302
36,068
36,744
37,123
36,315
39,475
43,664
41,366
44,872
48,193
52,631
55,732
58,014
57,954
59,686
59,284
Federal
All
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Industry
Industry
Total
10,260
10,176
10,687
11,218
12,253
12,702
12,869
12,621
12,851
13,634
14,475
15,277
16,238
17,123
18,059
19,265
19,469
20,443
20,528
20,964
20,996
20,837
21,739
22,967
24,380
26,276
27,943
30,424
33,542
35,584
35,835
36,103
35,780
Federal Industryb
2,331
372
2,264
310
2,395
327
2,498
358
2,585
386
2,542
368
2,539
356
2,571
314
2,746
457
3,008
601
3,140
569
3,162
581
3,219
690
3,161
923
3,159
979
3,321
1,418
3,212
1,204
3,181
1,673
3,160
930
3,350
596
3,189
546
3,298
233
3,225
782
3,247
1,217
3,511
1,172
3,857
1,276
4,243
1,043
4,696
831
4,892
963
4,955
1,472
4,853
1,108
4,770
1,108
4,568
1,399
FFRDCs
160
158
194
199
233
238
251
262
231
203
228
213
186
219
503
573
691
617
619
629
630
650
852
739
664
642
616
609
580
318
181
136
632
U&C
d
U&C
5,247
5,268
5,421
5,600
5,938
6,213
6,409
6,378
6,270
6,403
6,837
7,479
8,137
8,533
8,862
9,238
9,541
9,929
10,529
11,043
11,441
11,815
12,146
12,920
13,964
14,858
15,741
17,143
19,224
20,883
21,853
22,186
21,979
Other
Nonprofit

1,352
799
NA
1,417
760
NA
1,567
782
NA
1,766
798
NA
2,242
869
NA
2,398
943
NA
2,443
871
NA
2,459
620
17
2,466
666
16
2,666
739
14
2,859
827
15
2,911
909
20
3,043
943
21
3,221
1,043
22
3,391
1,129
36
3,411
1,237
67
3,421
1,312
89
3,554
1,386
103
3,746
1,456
87
3,775
1,479
92
3,673
1,423
93
3,313
1,435
93
3,136
1,502
95
3,159
1,557
127
3,111
1,708
249
3,186
1,998
457
3,239
2,366
694
3,421
2,716
1,009
4,028
2,793
1,062
3,980
2,884
1,093
3,854
2,881
1,106
3,820
2,903
1,181
3,239
2,760
1,203
Other
Total
2,139
2,097
2,182
2,283
2,402
2,530
2,694
3,065
3,345
3,726
4,323
4,734
6,562
6,611
6,381
6,749
6,524
9,574
9,049
9,122
9,169
8,235
10,000
12,288
7,769
8,614
9,221
10,349
9,444
9,506
9,122
9,798
9,093
Industry
1,748
1,707
1,786
1,857
1,943
2,041
2,168
2,514
2,748
3,055
3,567
3,854
5,555
5,532
5,235
5,512
5,208
8,193
7,599
7,620
7,610
6,597
8,242
10,367
5,673
6,381
6,892
8,045
7,223
7,377
6,988
7,559
6,723
U&C
215
213
211
236
264
291
326
350
389
451
523
632
740
794
843
917
977
1,022
1,064
1,088
1,114
1,159
1,242
1,390
1,538
1,637
1,690
1,675
1,620
1,527
1,537
1,624
1,735
nonprofit
176
177
184
190
195
198
200
201
208
220
233
248
267
285
303
320
339
359
385
414
445
479
516
531
558
596
638
630
601
602
597
614
636
governmenta
Other nonprofit
U&C
Other
d
U&C
816
785
798
885
986
1,065
1,139
1,178
1,293
1,417
1,531
1,747
2,005
2,161
2,284
2,466
2,672
2,845
2,878
2,900
3,013
3,079
3,297
3,718
4,073
4,420
4,844
5,222
5,507
5,487
5,571
5,999
6,417
Total nonprofit
830
333
833
344
860
369
916
392
941
415
957
434
969
450
981
465
1,067
496
1,160
539
1,248
588
1,359
645
1,487
713
1,624
783
1,761
855
1,908
930
2,059
1,012
2,221
1,103
2,384
1,217
2,540
1,343
2,705
1,485
2,853
1,642
3,055
1,817
3,215
1,841
3,589
2,073
3,911
2,250
4,439
2,631
4,803
2,855
5,323
3,254
5,471
3,439
5,404
3,337
5,744
3,568
5,906
3,605
U&Cd
497
489
492
523
526
523
519
516
572
621
661
714
775
842
906
978
1,047
1,118
1,167
1,197
1,220
1,211
1,238
1,374
1,516
1,662
1,808
1,947
2,068
2,032
2,068
2,177
2,301
U&Cd
665
633
613
614
643
653
643
647
664
687
729
835
962
1,017
1,053
1,101
1,173
1,220
1,230
1,218
1,241
1,312
1,383
1,476
1,556
1,650
1,746
1,833
1,918
1,965
2,023
2,042
2,087
Appendix table 4-8

Funding
All
source:
sources
Other
Performer:
performers
62,325
64,670
69,234
Federal
All
Year
2007
2008
2009
Industry
Industry
Total
36,342
35,500
36,864
Federal Industryb
4,350
2,617
4,565
1,358
5,019
1,221
FFRDCs
2,126
2,231
2,324
U&C
d
U&C
21,692
21,643
22,093
Other
Nonprofit

1,623
2,663
1,271
1,540
2,830
1,332
1,647
3,186
1,375
Other
Total
10,514
12,688
15,024
Industry
7,990
10,032
12,252
U&C
1,867
1,991
2,136
nonprofit
657
665
636
governmenta
Other nonprofit
U&C
Other
d
U&C
6,785
7,099
7,448
Total nonprofit
6,459
3,941
7,050
4,346
7,503
4,625
U&Cd
2,517
2,705
2,878
U&Cd
2,225
2,333
2,394
aBecause of
limitations in survey information, data on other government funding to performers other than U&C not available and consequently are included in other sectors' support for their own R&D performance, e.g., other
bCharacter-of-work estimates for industry revised for 1998 and later years; data are not directly comparable with data for 1997 and earlier years. Character-of-work estimates for industry FFRDCs for 195363 not separated from
federal support for industry; thus, figure for federal support to industry includes support to FFRDCs for those years.
cCharacter-of-work estimates for industry FFRDCs for 195363 not separated from federal support for industry; thus, the figure for federal support to industry includes support to FFRDCs for those years.
dFor 1998 and later years, character-of-work estimation procedure revised and adjustments made to U&C R&D to eliminate double counting of funds passed through from one academic institution to another. Data for 1998 and later
eCharacter-of-work estimates for nonprofit FFRDCs for 195380 not separated from federal support for other nonprofits; thus, the figure for federal support to other nonprofit institutions includes support to FFRDCs for those years.
fIndustry sources of funds for industry R&D expenditures include all nonfederal sources of funds for industry R&D expenditures. Character-of-work estimates for industry revised for 1998 and later years; data not directly comparable
with data for 1997 and earlier years.
NOTES: Technical notes explaining methodological issues of measurement available on request. Data based on annual reports by performers, except for the nonprofit sector (where some figures involve estimates). R&D
to 2001, for industry-administered FFRDCs collected by calendar year. Expenditures for other performers are calendar-year approximations based on fiscal year data. In most cases, the approximation equals 75% of amount reported
in same fiscal year plus 25% of amount reported in subsequent fiscal year. However, fiscal year for academic performers generally begins 1 July, not 1 October; also, prior to 1977, federal fiscal year began on 1 July, not 1 October.
Therefore, calendar-year approximations for academic performers and federal performers prior to 1977 equal 50% of amount reported in same fiscal year plus 50% of amount reported in subsequent fiscal year. Detail may not add to
total because of rounding. Constant-dollar estimates derived from unrounded data. Los Alamos National Laboratory (some $2 billion in annual R&D expenditures in recent years) became industry administered in June 2006;
previously, it was U&C administered. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (more than $1 billion in annual R&D expenditures in recent years) became industry administered in October 2007; previously, it was U&C administered.
The tracks of R&D expenditures from 2006 to 2008 for both industry- and U&C-administered FFRDCs reflect these shifts.
Appendix table 4-9

U.S. applied research expenditures, by source of funds and performing sectors: 19532009
Funding
source:
All
Other
Federal
sources
All
Year
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Performer:
Industry
Industry
performers
Total
1,289
1,378
1,514
1,928
2,414
2,758
2,940
3,065
3,123
3,698
3,865
4,201
4,374
4,653
4,848
5,137
5,454
5,752
5,833
6,147
6,655
7,344
8,091
8,976
9,662
10,704
12,097
13,714
16,329
18,218
20,298
22,451
25,401
27,240
27,951
29,528
32,277
34,897
38,631
756
785
850
1,025
1,304
1,496
1,630
1,732
1,811
2,098
2,245
2,462
2,553
2,625
2,763
2,811
2,924
3,100
3,091
3,243
3,429
3,634
4,125
4,464
4,683
5,080
5,602
6,237
6,905
7,689
8,738
9,499
10,930
10,409
10,829
10,749
11,753
13,695
14,280
Federal Industryb
347
330
333
387
446
516
577
615
668
709
809
947
994
1,012
1,069
1,112
1,229
1,334
1,355
1,434
1,527
1,652
1,912
2,068
2,081
2,242
2,415
2,546
2,731
2,802
2,991
2,961
3,135
3,204
3,366
3,362
3,566
3,652
4,093
288
322
368
474
678
774
813
833
812
1,011
1,007
978
992
986
983
956
920
952
907
845
883
905
991
1,033
1,113
1,195
1,305
1,625
2,042
2,593
3,227
3,677
4,717
4,049
4,037
3,846
4,324
5,967
5,588
FFRDCs
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
62
46
53
83
87
95
97
67
107
110
120
139
167
212
235
250
275
298
367
414
547
630
629
623
371
374
386
433
U&C
U&C
59
60
63
65
63
66
78
93
104
119
128
142
176
208
238
250
257
280
306
391
450
477
550
596
626
676
793
912
953
1,007
1,122
1,226
1,296
1,393
1,643
1,958
2,121
2,140
2,232
Other
Nonprofit

Total
Current $millions
48
14
NA
456
58
16
NA
513
68
18
NA
583
79
21
NA
818
94
24
NA
1,018
111
30
NA
1,163
121
43
NA
1,206
129
63
NA
1,226
145
83
NA
1,195
163
98
NA
1,471
186
115
NA
1,483
203
130
NA
1,593
206
140
NA
1,654
213
153
NA
1,842
225
166
NA
1,890
221
186
NA
2,125
213
210
NA
2,320
213
225
NA
2,429
216
241
NA
2,494
224
243
NA
2,618
203
257
NA
2,894
191
290
NA
3,333
219
315
NA
3,520
263
338
NA
4,001
297
355
NA
4,410
324
409
NA
4,982
360
480
NA
5,797
421
458
NA
6,698
422
391
68
8,531
433
398
91
9,553
473
433
78
10,501
548
459
80
11,788
580
490
82
13,191
554
506
75
15,402
532
555
74
15,511
547
599
66
16,938
603
695
70
18,452
689
780
81
18,930
927
921
86
21,946
Other
f
Industry
438
492
560
794
992
1,137
1,178
1,196
1,165
1,438
1,450
1,560
1,620
1,804
1,849
2,081
2,272
2,378
2,441
2,562
2,832
3,263
3,440
3,912
4,311
4,870
5,670
6,550
8,359
9,363
10,286
11,541
12,908
15,082
15,153
16,531
17,993
18,432
21,425
nonprofit
7
8
9
10
12
12
13
13
13
14
14
14
13
14
16
16
16
18
19
21
26
32
39
45
51
61
71
88
108
121
141
168
198
229
260
302
347
377
392
11
13
14
14
14
14
15
17
17
19
19
19
21
24
25
28
32
33
34
35
36
39
42
45
48
52
55
60
64
69
74
79
85
91
98
105
112
120
129
U&C
governmenta
Other nonprofit
U&C
Other
U&C
28
28
27
27
27
27
28
29
30
30
32
37
42
48
54
55
54
56
67
82
100
118
141
166
194
232
263
308
363
402
443
491
547
620
707
818
933
1,031
1,091
Total nonprofit
20
21
22
25
31
37
39
40
48
58
63
65
79
91
96
101
109
117
121
131
145
163
192
218
241
259
273
298
332
367
401
438
471
510
571
647
722
788
847
10
11
11
14
20
25
27
28
35
45
49
47
52
57
60
62
66
70
74
79
83
91
100
109
120
132
144
158
173
189
207
226
247
270
295
322
352
384
419
U&Cd
U&Cd
10
10
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
14
18
27
34
36
39
43
47
47
52
62
72
92
109
121
128
129
140
159
178
194
212
224
240
276
325
370
404
428
30
32
32
33
34
35
37
39
40
41
42
45
46
47
46
46
48
51
61
74
88
96
113
127
134
151
161
174
199
207
215
234
262
298
333
377
417
453
468
Appendix table 4-9

Funding
source:
All
Other
Federal
sources
All
Year
Performer:
Industry
Industry
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
performers
37,936
37,283
36,618
40,936
43,170
46,554
46,362
52,007
56,685
64,188
50,688
61,135
69,183
69,588
76,277
83,069
74,321
71,328
Total
13,690
14,075
13,800
13,543
13,958
12,884
12,822
13,959
15,565
18,832
19,235
22,447
22,594
23,507
24,983
27,761
25,475
30,100
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
7,977
8,449
9,125
11,236
13,615
15,216
16,029
16,483
16,606
19,396
20,059
21,475
21,956
22,712
22,962
23,338
23,613
23,656
22,846
23,079
23,674
4,675
4,813
5,125
5,972
7,356
8,254
8,888
9,312
9,630
11,005
11,650
12,583
12,814
12,812
13,086
12,769
12,658
12,750
12,106
12,176
12,199
Federal Industryb
4,337
4,476
4,838
4,295
4,985
3,616
4,952
3,164
4,872
3,640
4,997
2,648
5,146
2,632
5,530
2,817
6,105
2,682
7,052
3,603
7,487
2,452
7,672
4,473
7,455
4,775
7,557
5,289
7,435
6,140
7,222
8,945
7,316
5,397
8,006
7,797
2,147
2,020
2,008
2,253
2,513
2,847
3,144
3,305
3,552
3,717
4,199
4,838
4,988
4,940
5,061
5,050
5,322
5,486
5,307
5,384
5,433
1,782
1,974
2,219
2,763
3,825
4,270
4,433
4,480
4,318
5,303
5,227
5,000
4,980
4,813
4,656
4,343
3,983
3,915
3,552
3,173
3,141
U&C
FFRDCs
507
435
503
535
231
213
230
274
269
821
1,090
1,413
1,459
1,414
1,314
1,168
1,975
1,930
U&C
2,415
2,542
2,644
2,779
2,864
2,550
2,260
2,661
3,196
3,558
4,010
4,553
4,781
4,900
5,176
5,396
5,980
6,577
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
317
231
259
393
395
411
399
262
402
391
365
365
380
379
355
361
423
500
550
622
662
726
881
1,015
1,125
1,134
1,110
1,149
1,199
1,466
1,599
Other
Nonprofit

940
933
81
962
900
103
982
960
111
1,050
934
129
1,270
960
122
1,337
1,011
128
1,372
1,060
123
1,247
1,300
130
1,291
1,831
190
1,405
2,150
244
1,663
2,267
266
1,600
2,487
249
1,481
2,448
194
1,637
2,432
278
1,827
2,592
500
1,354
2,583
1,094
855
2,600
1,352
1,289
3,062
1,440
294
356
410
458
530
610
657
691
771
852
965
1,038
1,032
1,040
1,066
1,002
922
876
844
841
720
87
98
109
119
133
166
232
336
439
511
597
665
703
744
786
845
909
925
942
910
914
governmenta
Other nonprofit
U&C
Other
Other
Total
21,736
20,547
19,995
24,418
26,076
30,506
30,314
34,599
37,306
41,220
26,880
33,687
41,496
40,848
45,922
49,564
42,487
34,344
Industry
21,184
19,956
19,372
23,755
25,370
29,782
29,576
33,821
36,494
40,409
26,081
32,861
40,657
39,995
45,033
48,625
41,467
33,258
U&C
414
443
464
494
524
519
520
542
553
550
546
567
576
573
589
621
690
767
nonprofit
138
148
158
170
182
205
218
236
258
261
253
259
264
280
300
318
330
319
U&C
1,120
1,181
1,256
1,311
1,390
1,389
1,378
1,463
1,585
1,713
1,859
2,038
2,087
2,115
2,182
2,256
2,460
2,675

NA
2,819
NA
3,142
NA
3,512
NA
4,768
NA
5,740
NA
6,416
NA
6,574
NA
6,593
NA
6,354
NA
7,714
NA
7,698
NA
8,141
NA
8,304
NA
8,992
NA
8,949
NA
9,654
NA
10,044
NA
9,987
NA
9,766
NA
9,827
NA
10,294
2,710
3,017
3,376
4,628
5,596
6,273
6,424
6,432
6,195
7,543
7,526
7,975
8,133
8,807
8,757
9,454
9,836
9,779
9,561
9,619
10,074
40
46
51
58
65
66
68
70
69
71
73
69
65
68
73
73
69
72
72
77
92
68
80
84
82
79
77
82
91
90
100
99
97
105
117
118
127
139
136
133
131
128
172
172
164
157
153
150
153
155
157
160
168
191
211
236
255
250
233
230
262
307
355
Total nonprofit
911
456
984
497
1,049
541
1,104
589
1,162
640
1,223
711
1,322
809
1,441
891
1,657
1,066
1,821
1,182
2,067
1,369
2,232
1,478
2,248
1,474
2,396
1,628
2,481
1,699
2,748
1,911
3,091
2,154
3,350
2,317
124
129
130
146
175
201
213
215
253
304
324
330
394
442
455
457
470
479
474
490
514
62
67
66
82
113
138
147
151
186
236
254
240
261
278
284
282
286
288
290
297
295
U&Cd
454
487
509
516
522
512
513
550
592
639
698
755
774
768
782
837
937
1,033
U&Cd
479
496
517
559
584
553
526
546
572
602
647
731
759
721
710
740
808
860
62
61
63
64
62
63
65
65
66
68
70
89
133
164
171
175
184
191
184
193
219
186
193
195
193
191
195
202
208
212
213
219
231
233
230
216
209
208
210
237
279
312
Appendix table 4-9

Funding
source:
All
Other
Federal
sources
All
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Performer:
performers
23,949
24,107
25,294
25,595
26,495
27,643
28,722
31,267
32,877
35,238
37,564
41,251
43,280
43,158
44,079
46,430
48,333
51,674
49,568
47,661
45,845
50,206
51,957
55,058
54,218
59,938
63,890
70,748
54,979
64,944
71,481
69,588
73,890
Industry
Industry
Total
11,851
12,291
12,578
12,406
12,575
12,802
13,062
13,222
13,876
15,170
15,894
17,750
16,539
16,721
16,045
16,907
18,968
19,101
17,888
17,992
17,278
16,610
16,799
15,238
14,995
16,087
17,543
20,757
20,863
23,845
23,344
23,507
24,201
Federal Industryb
5,388
2,951
5,696
2,953
5,828
2,911
5,511
2,948
5,549
2,958
5,519
2,982
5,332
3,403
5,230
3,910
5,056
4,679
5,193
5,602
4,954
6,152
5,091
7,660
5,091
6,433
5,197
6,233
5,019
5,741
5,130
6,220
5,058
8,265
5,475
7,475
5,667
5,849
6,185
5,491
6,242
4,527
6,074
3,880
5,864
4,381
5,909
3,132
6,017
3,078
6,373
3,247
6,881
3,023
7,773
3,971
8,121
2,660
8,149
4,752
7,702
4,934
7,557
5,289
7,202
5,948
FFRDCs
391
414
471
562
582
571
576
571
662
719
915
1,023
999
962
554
538
535
579
662
556
630
656
278
252
269
316
303
905
1,183
1,501
1,508
1,414
1,272
U&C
d
U&C
1,554
1,637
1,678
1,657
1,673
1,811
1,910
1,824
1,816
1,948
2,052
2,106
2,213
2,537
2,923
3,051
2,965
2,985
3,155
3,249
3,310
3,408
3,446
3,016
2,642
3,067
3,603
3,921
4,349
4,837
4,940
4,900
5,014
Other
Nonprofit

621
946
NA
653
939
NA
740
951
NA
787
940
NA
802
1,012
NA
822
1,097
NA
881
959
NA
808
749
130
781
718
164
822
751
135
918
768
135
941
795
133
880
803
120
821
857
114
816
894
98
867
999
101
954
1,080
113
1,239
1,232
115
1,229
1,220
106
1,230
1,150
131
1,229
1,201
139
1,288
1,145
158
1,528
1,155
147
1,582
1,196
152
1,604
1,240
144
1,437
1,498
149
1,456
2,064
214
1,548
2,370
268
1,804
2,458
288
1,700
2,642
264
1,531
2,529
201
1,637
2,432
278
1,770
2,511
484
Other
Total
10,870
10,488
11,274
11,682
12,332
13,247
14,027
16,334
17,239
18,230
19,723
21,422
24,472
23,949
25,285
26,543
26,218
29,355
28,402
26,267
25,034
29,948
31,383
36,077
35,450
39,875
42,047
45,432
29,156
35,785
42,874
40,848
44,485
Industry
10,641
10,249
11,023
11,420
12,054
12,957
13,717
16,006
16,897
17,857
19,310
20,963
23,963
23,397
24,678
25,883
25,529
28,658
27,680
25,511
24,254
29,134
30,534
35,222
34,587
38,978
41,133
44,539
28,289
34,908
42,007
39,995
43,623
U&C
103
115
125
135
150
163
185
206
218
245
281
321
364
401
451
499
522
524
541
566
581
606
631
613
608
625
624
606
593
602
595
573
571
nonprofit
126
124
126
127
128
127
125
122
124
128
132
138
145
151
156
161
167
172
180
189
198
208
219
242
255
272
291
287
274
275
273
280
290
governmenta
Other nonprofit
U&C
Other
d
U&C
384
419
467
514
574
601
645
694
725
769
822
889
986
1,092
1,221
1,342
1,428
1,459
1,463
1,510
1,572
1,608
1,673
1,643
1,611
1,686
1,787
1,888
2,016
2,165
2,156
2,115
2,114
Total nonprofit
530
297
572
298
616
309
637
318
641
326
624
329
624
330
635
331
662
341
696
359
733
379
766
402
810
429
882
456
966
481
1,038
506
1,092
532
1,133
560
1,190
596
1,258
635
1,314
677
1,354
722
1,399
770
1,446
840
1,546
946
1,660
1,027
1,868
1,201
2,007
1,303
2,242
1,485
2,371
1,570
2,323
1,523
2,396
1,628
2,403
1,645
U&Cd
233
274
307
319
316
295
294
304
321
337
355
364
381
426
485
532
560
573
594
623
637
633
629
606
600
634
667
704
757
802
800
768
758
U&Cd
313
338
359
356
374
369
364
381
374
373
392
425
473
514
563
600
627
626
626
634
648
685
703
654
615
630
644
663
702
777
784
721
688
Appendix table 4-9

Funding
source:
All
Other
Federal
sources
All
Year
Performer:
2007
2008
2009
performers
78,200
68,446
65,004
Industry
Industry
Total
26,134
23,461
27,431
Federal Industryb
6,798
8,421
6,738
4,970
7,296
7,106
FFRDCs
1,100
1,819
1,758
U&C
d
U&C
5,079
5,507
5,994
Other
Nonprofit

1,275
2,431
1,030
787
2,395
1,245
1,175
2,790
1,312
Other
Total
46,659
39,129
31,299
Industry
45,775
38,189
30,309
U&C
584
636
699
nonprofit
300
304
290
governmenta
Other nonprofit
U&C
Other
d
U&C
2,124
2,265
2,438
Total nonprofit
2,587
1,799
2,847
1,984
3,053
2,111
U&Cd
788
863
942
U&Cd
696
744
783
aBecause of
limitations in survey information, data on other government funding to performers other than U&C not available and consequently are included in other sectors' support for their own R&D performance, e.g., other
bCharacter-of-work estimates for industry revised for 1998 and later years; data not directly comparable with data for 1997 and earlier years. Character-of-work estimates for industry FFRDCs for 195363 not separated from federal
support for industry; thus, figure for federal support to industry includes support to FFRDCs for those years.
eCharacter-of-work estimates for nonprofit FFRDCs for 195380 not separated from federal support for other nonprofits; thus; the figure for federal support to other nonprofit institutions includes support to FFRDCs for those years.
Appendix table 4-10

U.S. development expenditures, by source of funds and performing sector: 19532009
Funding
All
source:
sources
Other
Federal
All
Year
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Performer:
Industry
Industry
performers
Total
3,412
3,734
4,189
5,855
6,681
7,214
8,463
9,360
9,930
10,115
11,540
12,506
13,215
14,490
15,332
16,154
17,051
16,925
17,399
18,743
20,197
21,504
22,706
25,085
27,667
31,056
35,445
40,765
46,305
51,879
57,771
66,461
74,522
75,855
79,929
84,567
87,723
94,067
95,105
1,762
2,027
2,427
3,561
4,477
4,941
5,872
6,390
6,701
6,822
7,956
8,610
8,742
9,466
9,521
9,756
9,848
9,382
9,561
10,141
10,311
10,506
10,993
12,035
13,153
14,383
16,064
17,604
20,242
22,323
24,859
28,320
32,304
33,993
36,691
37,285
35,320
33,859
31,220
Federal Industryb
567
537
543
631
728
842
940
1,003
1,090
1,227
1,465
1,680
1,789
1,886
1,943
1,904
2,016
2,258
2,473
2,639
2,657
2,765
2,890
2,972
3,188
3,676
3,944
4,072
4,530
5,178
6,106
7,078
8,011
8,275
8,176
8,864
9,355
9,700
8,778
1,123
1,405
1,785
2,817
3,616
3,942
4,750
5,169
5,347
5,280
6,116
6,156
6,218
6,849
6,795
7,044
6,944
6,232
6,167
6,533
6,621
6,553
6,783
7,522
8,275
8,756
9,888
10,957
12,791
14,215
15,522
17,640
20,258
21,517
24,122
23,719
21,049
18,966
17,256
FFRDCs
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
359
298
271
302
293
332
340
391
402
399
479
535
654
675
753
810
882
950
989
1,054
1,056
1,102
1,145
1,230
1,414
1,423
1,438
1,383
U&C
U&C
9
9
12
14
12
13
16
19
22
23
22
30
48
61
66
72
80
84
69
63
71
75
83
100
153
254
336
362
386
397
399
435
486
513
599
698
773
910
1,012
Other
Nonprofit

Total
Current $millions
48
17
NA
1,637
59
18
NA
1,693
69
19
NA
1,748
81
20
NA
2,277
101
21
NA
2,185
120
25
NA
2,252
134
32
NA
2,569
151
49
NA
2,948
170
73
NA
3,201
190
103
NA
3,259
219
134
NA
3,548
227
159
NA
3,861
207
183
NA
4,433
200
199
NA
4,977
208
208
NA
5,762
226
217
NA
6,346
246
231
NA
7,150
249
220
NA
7,489
267
194
NA
7,780
291
213
NA
8,533
296
268
NA
9,798
321
314
NA
10,896
373
330
NA
11,600
447
341
NA
12,927
503
359
NA
14,370
542
403
NA
16,504
603
483
NA
19,193
719
612
NA
22,945
778
360
447
25,817
745
362
436
29,286
832
447
500
32,617
986
594
530
37,815
1,244
644
560
41,857
1,504
587
453
41,460
1,670
474
421
42,784
1,762
407
420
46,765
1,782
507
430
51,822
1,735
619
490
59,568
1,537
722
533
63,197
Other
f
Industry
1,630
1,685
1,738
2,267
2,174
2,241
2,557
2,935
3,189
3,246
3,535
3,848
4,419
4,961
5,744
6,326
7,127
7,466
7,757
8,510
9,773
10,868
11,569
12,890
14,328
16,460
19,145
22,891
25,756
29,219
32,542
37,731
41,762
41,354
42,667
46,634
51,676
59,410
63,030
nonprofit
1
1
2
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
4
5
5
4
4
5
7
8
12
15
15
16
19
24
27
31
37
43
50
57
66
76
83
86
6
7
8
8
8
8
9
10
10
11
11
11
12
14
15
16
18
18
19
19
20
22
23
25
27
30
32
35
37
40
44
47
51
55
60
65
70
75
82
U&C
governmenta
Other nonprofit
U&C
Other
U&C
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
7
8
10
10
9
8
7
9
14
20
25
27
31
40
49
56
68
80
88
97
108
120
136
155
180
205
226
239
Total nonprofit
7
8
8
9
10
11
12
12
16
20
22
21
24
28
31
35
38
40
42
44
51
57
63
68
76
88
99
110
123
137
151
167
183
201
226
254
285
315
345
6
7
7
7
8
9
10
10
14
18
20
18
20
23
24
26
28
30
33
35
38
42
47
52
58
64
71
79
88
98
109
120
134
149
165
183
203
226
251
U&Cd
U&Cd
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
4
5
7
9
10
10
9
9
13
15
16
16
19
24
28
31
35
39
43
47
49
53
61
71
81
89
94
3
3
4
4
5
6
6
6
7
8
8
8
9
9
9
8
7
6
8
12
18
20
22
24
28
32
34
38
44
46
47
51
57
65
73
83
91
99
103
Appendix table 4-10

Funding
All
source:
sources
Other
Federal
All
Year
Performer:
Industry
Industry
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
performers
99,811
99,705
102,938
113,079
121,377
128,677
144,723
154,356
169,412
167,817
176,672
175,493
177,228
195,720
212,686
227,685
258,499
253,160
Total
31,514
30,054
30,208
32,436
31,373
32,270
32,714
30,588
27,452
28,548
29,897
30,163
34,380
36,666
38,849
39,456
53,589
53,881
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
21,111
22,895
25,256
34,127
37,688
39,798
46,149
50,337
52,799
53,058
59,896
63,930
66,343
70,733
72,615
73,389
73,818
69,602
68,144
70,372
71,842
10,904
12,425
14,630
20,758
25,255
27,257
32,017
34,362
35,629
35,786
41,293
44,014
43,885
46,208
45,094
44,321
42,634
38,584
37,446
38,073
36,676
Federal Industryb
9,098 17,181
9,071 16,083
8,823 16,209
9,262 17,824
9,033 17,066
9,077 18,121
9,214 18,452
9,265 16,571
9,377 13,510
11,062 12,542
11,800 13,061
12,646 11,939
12,746 14,419
13,994 15,512
16,089 16,720
18,016 14,860
17,566 29,488
17,389 30,436
3,506
3,293
3,271
3,675
4,104
4,643
5,126
5,391
5,793
6,436
7,604
8,588
8,979
9,207
9,203
8,650
8,727
9,285
9,684
9,909
9,452
6,949
8,615
10,762
16,421
20,398
21,749
25,902
27,798
28,432
27,697
31,745
31,469
31,216
33,435
32,183
32,002
30,063
25,628
24,154
24,528
23,552
U&C
FFRDCs
1,372
1,038
1,196
1,208
1,358
1,292
1,280
1,208
1,185
647
639
747
851
1,052
1,156
1,738
1,948
1,967
U&C
1,055
1,127
1,213
1,180
1,128
1,055
974
710
565
673
662
918
1,237
1,168
944
913
861
756
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,835
1,496
1,323
1,430
1,331
1,437
1,398
1,531
1,509
1,419
53
52
69
79
68
69
85
102
114
118
114
151
241
298
310
325
344
343
270
235
251
Other
Nonprofit

1,452
758
599
1,374
787
574
1,378
815
573
1,616
744
603
1,520
698
571
1,454
687
585
1,527
760
507
1,640
727
467
1,577
580
659
1,717
874
1,033
1,726
937
1,074
1,954
743
1,216
2,447
1,300
1,379
2,360
1,211
1,369
2,136
603
1,202
2,488
568
872
2,239
562
925
1,872
575
887
294
359
416
469
570
662
731
809
901
997
1,134
1,158
1,037
976
985
1,027
1,065
1,024
1,046
1,093
1,051
102
107
112
114
116
135
174
261
388
538
696
813
916
969
983
986
998
905
760
800
952
governmenta
Other nonprofit
U&C
Other
Other
Total
67,567
68,866
71,886
79,738
89,032
95,332
110,868
122,533
140,552
137,728
145,038
143,441
140,941
157,034
171,748
185,946
202,361
196,527
Industry
67,388
68,674
71,681
79,518
88,797
95,063
110,589
122,236
140,235
137,410
144,727
143,121
140,615
156,696
171,392
185,569
201,961
196,118
U&C
91
97
102
108
115
114
114
119
121
121
120
124
126
126
129
136
152
168
nonprofit
88
95
103
111
120
155
164
178
195
197
191
195
199
212
226
240
249
241
U&C
246
259
276
288
305
305
302
321
348
376
408
447
458
464
479
495
540
587

NA
10,130
NA
10,381
NA
10,536
NA
13,273
NA
12,323
NA
12,425
NA
14,009
NA
15,851
NA
17,021
NA
17,096
NA
18,416
NA
19,737
NA
22,255
NA
24,296
NA
27,288
NA
28,831
NA
30,955
NA
30,798
NA
30,472
NA
32,035
NA
34,853
10,087
10,331
10,479
13,215
12,264
12,364
13,943
15,784
16,957
17,028
18,348
19,671
22,185
24,218
27,205
28,740
30,855
30,703
30,382
31,951
34,764
6
6
9
12
14
17
16
13
11
10
10
10
10
10
12
18
22
21
16
13
18
37
43
48
47
45
44
49
54
53
58
57
56
60
68
71
73
78
74
74
71
71
16
19
19
21
24
24
25
25
27
30
32
33
39
47
47
42
34
29
34
51
71
Total nonprofit
378
279
416
309
455
343
495
381
538
423
649
536
723
611
793
673
934
804
1,033
893
1,187
1,034
1,281
1,116
1,283
1,113
1,398
1,229
1,454
1,282
1,626
1,443
1,832
1,626
1,976
1,749
43
49
48
50
56
61
65
65
85
105
114
105
120
137
144
159
165
164
163
165
180
37
43
42
41
45
50
55
54
74
94
104
92
100
112
114
118
121
123
129
131
135
U&Cd
100
107
112
113
115
112
113
121
130
140
153
166
170
169
172
184
206
227
U&Cd
105
109
114
123
128
121
116
120
125
132
142
161
167
158
156
162
177
189
6
6
6
9
11
11
11
11
11
10
10
13
20
24
31
41
43
41
33
34
44
18
21
23
26
30
31
33
34
37
40
41
41
43
46
40
35
31
27
31
47
62
Appendix table 4-10

Funding
All
source:
sources
Other
Federal
All
Year
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Performer:
performers
70,126
67,651
70,684
73,290
76,870
80,998
85,372
88,665
93,624
100,293
111,201
121,024
120,524
123,415
126,241
126,188
130,286
127,213
130,416
127,460
128,879
138,685
146,081
152,179
169,245
177,893
190,945
184,968
191,626
186,427
183,113
195,720
206,029
Industry
Industry
Total
34,262
32,753
33,913
34,843
35,601
36,709
36,868
38,760
40,285
43,156
47,384
52,463
54,010
56,653
55,659
50,807
46,895
41,760
41,178
38,421
37,820
39,781
37,759
38,164
38,257
35,253
30,942
31,466
32,428
32,042
35,521
36,666
37,633
Federal Industryb
9,018 21,369
8,610 20,210
8,374 21,195
8,445 21,920
9,100 21,673
9,012 22,596
8,529 22,947
8,675 24,492
9,345 25,653
10,600 26,947
11,843 29,515
13,009 32,899
13,147 34,188
12,624 37,246
13,232 35,408
13,458 30,279
13,435 26,269
11,741 23,082
11,887 22,449
11,597 20,560
11,047 20,294
11,359 21,860
10,872 20,540
10,734 21,431
10,775 21,579
10,678 19,098
10,568 15,227
12,192 13,824
12,798 14,167
13,434 12,683
13,169 14,898
13,994 15,512
15,586 16,197
FFRDCs
1,562
1,594
1,843
1,788
1,864
1,851
1,847
1,819
1,785
1,830
1,767
1,790
1,819
1,899
2,111
2,047
1,992
1,850
1,793
1,327
1,497
1,482
1,634
1,528
1,497
1,392
1,336
713
693
793
879
1,052
1,120
U&C
d
U&C
243
246
280
405
628
769
758
739
717
693
727
789
816
924
1,042
1,112
1,260
1,353
1,378
1,441
1,519
1,447
1,358
1,248
1,139
819
637
742
718
975
1,278
1,168
915
Other
Nonprofit

1,047
1,022
NA
1,110
983
NA
1,260
961
NA
1,333
951
NA
1,341
996
NA
1,379
1,103
NA
1,505
1,282
NA
1,489
689
856
1,344
654
787
1,444
776
867
1,650
995
887
2,020
1,046
909
2,389
932
719
2,578
731
650
2,630
608
627
2,563
729
619
2,403
857
679
2,055
966
713
1,897
991
783
1,756
1,006
734
1,726
1,020
717
1,982
912
740
1,829
840
687
1,720
812
691
1,786
889
593
1,890
838
538
1,778
653
743
1,892
963
1,139
1,872
1,016
1,165
2,076
790
1,292
2,529
1,344
1,425
2,360
1,211
1,369
2,069
584
1,164
Other
Total
35,533
34,563
36,425
38,066
40,851
43,858
48,053
49,434
52,851
56,624
63,271
67,976
65,874
66,061
69,811
74,545
82,504
84,534
88,286
88,037
90,001
97,794
107,153
112,744
129,653
141,218
158,417
151,804
157,314
152,378
145,621
157,034
166,372
Industry
35,441
34,470
36,321
37,955
40,742
43,749
47,940
49,318
52,730
56,494
63,131
67,822
65,706
65,881
69,615
74,335
82,285
84,310
88,052
87,791
89,745
97,524
106,870
112,426
129,328
140,876
158,060
151,454
156,977
152,038
145,284
156,696
166,028
U&C
21
24
32
38
36
36
41
45
48
54
62
70
80
88
99
110
115
115
119
124
128
133
138
135
134
137
137
133
130
132
131
126
125
nonprofit
71
70
71
72
73
73
72
72
73
76
79
83
88
92
96
100
104
109
115
122
129
136
145
183
192
205
220
217
207
207
206
212
219
governmenta
Other nonprofit
U&C
Other
d
U&C
80
82
88
107
121
127
142
152
159
169
180
195
216
240
268
295
313
320
321
331
345
353
367
361
354
370
392
415
443
475
473
464
464
Total nonprofit
187
138
187
140
192
147
202
153
217
159
226
163
230
166
235
168
247
176
262
188
280
202
297
217
320
236
348
255
380
274
410
293
436
313
461
336
494
364
532
395
570
430
607
468
648
510
767
634
846
714
914
775
1,053
907
1,138
984
1,288
1,121
1,361
1,185
1,325
1,150
1,398
1,229
1,408
1,242
U&Cd
49
48
45
49
58
63
64
67
70
74
78
80
84
93
106
117
123
126
130
137
140
139
138
133
132
139
146
155
166
176
176
169
166
U&Cd
65
66
67
74
79
78
80
84
82
82
86
93
104
113
124
132
138
137
137
139
142
150
154
143
135
138
141
146
154
171
172
158
151
Appendix table 4-10

Funding
All
source:
sources
Other
Federal
All
Year
2007
2008
2009
Performer:
performers
214,339
238,067
230,713
Industry
Industry
Total
37,143
49,353
49,104
Federal Industryb
16,960 13,989
16,178 27,157
15,847 27,737
FFRDCs
1,636
1,794
1,792
U&C
d
U&C
860
793
689
Other
Nonprofit

2,342
534
821
2,062
518
852
1,706
524
808
Other
Total
175,046
186,367
179,102
Industry
174,692
185,998
178,729
U&C
128
140
153
nonprofit
226
229
219
governmenta
Other nonprofit
U&C
Other
d
U&C
466
497
535
Total nonprofit
1,531
1,358
1,687
1,497
1,801
1,594
U&Cd
173
189
207
U&Cd
153
163
172
FFRDC = federally funded research and development center; U&C = universities and colleges.
aBecause of limitations in survey information, data on other government funding to performers other than U&C are not available and consequently are included in other sectors' support for their own R&D performance, e.g., other
bCharacter-of-work estimates for industry revised for 1998 and later years; data not directly comparable with data for 1997 and earlier years. Character-of-work estimates for industry FFRDCs for 195363 not separated from federal
support for industry; thus, the figure for federal support to industry includes support to FFRDCs for those years.
eCharacter-of-work estimates for nonprofit FFRDCs for 195380 not separated from federal support for other nonprofits; thus; the figure for federal support to other nonprofit institutions includes support to FFRDCs for those years.
Appendix table 4-11

U.S. R&D expenditures, by state, performing sector, and funding sector: 2008
(Millions of current dollars)
Other
Performer:
Funding
State
U.S. totalg
States totalg
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Dist. of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
source:
Federal
All R&D
R&D rank Federal
403,040 na 29,839
372,660 na 28,730
4,870 24 1,035
269 49
78
7,010 15
855
747 43
46
81,323
1 1,798
5,810 21
295
11,322 12
38
1,594 33
4
5,946 19 4,737
6,515 17
665
5,232 22
336
663 44
91
1,375 34
60
11,961 10
127
6,111 18
162
2,136 30
58
2,029 32
19
1,463 35
23
1,193 37
115
516 46
12
16,605
6 8,621
20,090
4
891
15,507
8
135
6,697 16
47
808 41
146
3,884 26
46
401 48
55
988 39
41
913 40
38
2,496 29
21
20,713
2
679
5,906 20
561
16,486
7
161
8,612 14
259
511 47
26
10,164 13
750
1,030 38
77
FFRDCs
Business
Non-
Total Federal federald

14,835
NA
NA
14,695 14,251
444
0
0
0
0
0
0
56
50
6
0
0
0
3,988 3,858
130
391
359
32
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
236
224
12
874
824
50
0
0
0
27
27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
523
523
0
641
638
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
78
78
0
4,150 4,075
75
480
459
21
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Paid by others
Total
Own Nonfederale Federal
290,681 232,505
21,816 36,360
271,671 220,020
19,433 30,644
3,099
922
125 2,052
69
52
10
6
5,232
3,268
444 1,520
443
399
34
11
67,532 54,231
4,402 8,900
4,019
3,396
229
394
10,518
8,938
D
D
1,441
1,441
D
D
571
155
82
334
4,178
3,009
500
669
3,344
2,501
342
501
269
176
29
65
961
786
166
9
8,900
7,984
589
327
4,991
4,375
407
209
1,509
1,041
257
211
1,600
1,111
288
201
933
879
42
13
411
303
64
44
308
253
23
32
4,333
2,327
654 1,352
15,028 12,625
931 1,472
13,742 12,105
1,261
376
5,728
5,327
223
178
252
179
20
54
2,857
2,857
D
D
148
125
15
8
561
464
83
14
677
612
42
23
2,169
876
127 1,166
19,054 17,331
1,459
264
735
326
172
238
11,455
9,061
876 1,518
6,246
4,903
1,076
267
303
218
81
4
7,405
5,367
588 1,450
595
521
47
27
U&C
Other
nonprofit
State,
institutions
internalb
R&D intensityc
Federalf
6,236
5,780
29
10
35
11
978
181
34
16
264
81
31
25
5
88
4
14
6
1
7
68
381
1,258
37
223
3
21
12
10
7
4
25
42
345
126
2
182
24
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
GDP rank Percent Rank

14,269,835 na
2.82
na
14,269,835 na
2.61
na
170,672 25
2.85
12
49,720 45
0.54
50
261,537 18
2.68
15
100,232 34
0.75
45
1,925,499
1
4.22
9
255,226 19
2.28
21
222,168 23
5.10
5
58,357 42
2.73
14
96,757 35
6.15
2
747,803
4
0.87
43
402,097 10
1.30
36
66,038 39
1.00
41
55,465 43
2.48
18
635,080
5
1.88
27
263,732 16
2.32
20
136,007 30
1.57
33
124,895 32
1.62
30
155,852 28
0.94
42
211,459 24
0.56
49
50,462 44
1.02
40
280,509 15
5.92
3
363,064 13
5.53
4
376,184 12
4.12
10
261,951 17
2.56
17
95,653 36
0.84
44
239,703 22
1.62
31
35,818 49
1.12
39
84,639 37
1.17
38
132,133 31
0.69
46
58,808 41
4.24
8
484,332
7
4.28
7
77,959 38
7.58
1
1,110,712
3
1.48
34
404,386
9
2.13
25
31,118 50
1.64
29
472,285
8
2.15
24
151,540 29
0.68
47
Non-
Total Federal government Business U&C profit

51,650 30,341
3,518
3,004 10,707 4,080
51,784 31,138
3,409
2,864 10,422 3,951
708
466
10
23
170
39
111
97
2
*
0
12
831
417
58
31
276
49
247
108
59
13
47
20
7,026 4,051
333
420 1,386 836
924
722
20
51
90
42
732
503
17
23
96
92
133
92
8
6
23
5
369
290
8
8
27
37
1,592
850
177
106
379
80
1,521
800
92
81
450
99
279
200
18
27
28
5
113
67
22
5
17
2
1,973 1,149
75
77
546 125
954
436
59
99
292
68
528
336
54
20
93
24
404
190
53
11
131
18
506
242
62
12
144
46
660
300
118
21
164
57
128
60
12
4
50
2
2,747 2,006
63
94
389 196
2,272 1,722
17
168
139 226
1,594
917
66
74
432 104
699
371
63
31
128 106
406
262
37
14
85
8
960
609
34
21
223
74
186
111
28
8
35
4
376
147
12
25
161
31
191
138
12
3
34
3
302
206
7
12
56
21
877
458
57
42
241
78
417
287
25
15
84
6
4,045 2,461
256
183
791 354
1,981 1,183
185
227
316
69
181
97
38
9
31
6
1,827 1,056
169
163
339 101
333
144
51
25
100
14
GDP
Appendix table 4-11

U.S. R&D expenditures, by state, performing sector, and funding sector: 2008
Other
Performer:
Federal
Funding
State
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
U.S. undistributedh
Puerto Ricoi
Otherj
source:
All R&D
R&D rank Federal
4,802 25
94
13,068
9
313
1,233 36
389
2,086 31
132
254 50
25
3,871 27
137
20,316
3
276
2,522 28
149
546 45
4
11,472 11 3,684
16,696
5
258
778 42
116
4,967 23
33
154 51
14
15,349 na
0
NA na
9
102 na
78
FFRDCs
Business
Non-
Total Federal federald

0
0
0
81
67
14
0
0
0
118
118
0
0
0
0
1,251 1,206
46
18
17
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
492
478
14
1,137 1,097
40
146
146
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
12
0
0
0
0
U&C
Other
Paid by others
Total
4,074
9,735
538
1,221
133
1,608
16,166
1,945
422
6,142
13,876
334
3,798
63
15,349
NA
0
Own Nonfederale Federal

3,913
112
49
8,783
643
309
489
20
29
1,125
65
31
98
31
4
1,451
113
44
12,830
1,231 2,106
1,326
87
532
380
30
12
2,856
527 2,759
12,724
435
717
272
23
39
3,277
421
100
52
7
4
12,482
1,499 1,369
NA
NA
NA
0
0
0
Total Federal government Business

595
425
45
26
2,604 1,773
137
199
237
147
8
9
576
273
28
30
92
57
17
3
787
519
58
26
3,744 1,950
457
235
426
278
29
22
117
91
*
2
1,053
613
132
47
1,058
721
61
81
171
93
8
5
1,117
619
45
27
75
28
6
2
0
0
0
0
100
74
6
4
24
18
3
3
nonprofit
State,
institutions
internalb
R&D intensityc
Federalf
39
335
69
38
4
87
112
3
3
102
367
11
18
2
0
*
*
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
na
na
GDP rank Percent Rank

169,529 26
2.83
13
546,145
6
2.39
19
47,577 46
2.59
16
159,688 27
1.31
35
37,973 48
0.67
48
246,436 20
1.57
32
1,196,771
2
1.70
28
112,725 33
2.24
22
24,993 51
2.18
23
400,457 11
2.86
11
336,315 14
4.96
6
61,306 40
1.27
37
241,174 21
2.06
26
38,894 47
0.40
51
na na
na
na
92,926 na
NA
na
na na
na
na
NonU&C
66
341
69
219
4
138
711
73
19
203
156
63
326
37
0
13
0
profit
33
155
4
26
11
45
390
23
4
57
39
2
100
1
0
3
0
GDP
* = < $0.5 million; D = data withheld to avoid disclosing operations of individual companies; na = not applicable; NA = not available
FFRDC = federally funded research and development center; GDP = gross domestic product; R&D = research and development; U&C = universities and colleges
aState-level university R&D data have not been adjusted to eliminate double counting of funds passed through from one academic institution to another. At the national level, funds passed through to educational subrecipients account for 3.3% of total R&D
expenditures reported by universities and colleges in FY 2008.
bInternal performers include state agency and department employees, and services performed by others in support of an internal R&D project. NSF's survey of this state R&D spending is conducted every other year; data are not available for FY 2008. In FY
2007, these state R&D expenditures totaled $309 million.
cR&D intensity is ratio of total R&D performed in a state to its GDP.
dNonfederal sources of R&D expenditures reported by FFRDCs in FY 2008 included state and local governments ($42 million), industry ($198 million), FFRDC institutional funds ($50 million), and other sources ($155 million).
eR&D paid for by nonfederal sources includes funding from other companies located inside ($12.181 billion) or outside ($8.877 billion) the U.S., foreign government agencies and laboratories ($48 million), and other organizations located inside ($330 million) or
outside ($70 million) the U.S.
fOther sources of support for nonprofit institutions were unavailable by state. In 2008, total nonprofit performance is estimated at $16.0 billion. Industry provided an estimated $1.3 billion to the nonprofit sector, and nonprofit institutions provided an estimated
$8.5 billion.
gStates totals differ from U.S. totals for four reasons: some R&D expenditures cannot be allocated to 1 of 50 states or the District of Columbia; nonfederal sources of other nonprofit R&D expenditures could not be allocated by state; state-level U&C data have
not been adjusted to eliminate double counting of funds passed through from one academic institution to another; and state-level R&D data are not converted from fiscal years to calendar years.
hReported data that could not be assigned to 1 of the 50 states or the District of Columbia.
iData on business R&D performance in Puerto Rico are not collected.
jIncludes R&D expenditures reported for outlying areas (Guam, Virgin Islands) and offices abroad, but excluding Puerto Rico.
NOTES: Industry R&D data refer to calendar years; other R&D data refer to fiscal years but are used here as approximations to calendar year data.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NSF/NCSES), National Patterns of R&D Resources [annual series]; NSF/NCSES, Business Research and Development and Innovation Survey, 2008;
NSF/NCSES, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges, FY 2008; NSF/NCSES, Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development, FY 200810. State GDP data are from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis,
http://www.bea.gov/regional/gsp, accessed 23 February 2011.
Appendix table 4-12

U.S. R&D and gross domestic product, by state: 2008
State
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
(listed by R&D rank)

California
New Jersey
Texas
Massachusetts
Washington
Maryland
New York
Michigan
Pennsylvania
Illinois
Virginia
Connecticut
Ohio
North Carolina
Arizona
Minnesota
Florida
Indiana
New Mexico
Colorado
Georgia
Wisconsin
Alabama
Oregon
Missouri
Tennessee
Utah
New Hampshire
Iowa
South Carolina
Kansas
Delaware
Kentucky
Idaho
Rhode Island
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Nebraska
Nevada
Mississippi
West Virginia
Arkansas
Hawaii
Vermont
Maine
North Dakota
Montana
R&D
GDP
R&D/GDP
Rank in
% of
Cumulative
(current $millions)
81,323
20,713
20,316
20,090
16,696
16,605
16,486
15,507
13,068
11,961
11,472
11,322
10,164
8,612
7,010
6,697
6,515
6,111
5,946
5,906
5,810
5,232
4,967
4,870
4,802
3,884
3,871
2,522
2,496
2,136
2,086
2,029
1,594
1,463
1,375
1,233
1,193
1,030
988
913
808
778
747
663
546
516
511
401
(current $millions)
1,925,499
484,332
1,196,771
363,064
336,315
280,509
1,110,712
376,184
546,145
635,080
400,457
222,168
472,285
404,386
261,537
261,951
747,803
263,732
96,757
77,959
255,226
402,097
241,174
170,672
169,529
239,703
246,436
112,725
58,808
136,007
159,688
124,895
58,357
155,852
55,465
47,577
211,459
151,540
84,639
132,133
95,653
61,306
100,232
66,038
24,993
50,462
31,118
35,818
(%)
4.22
4.28
1.70
5.53
4.96
5.92
1.48
4.12
2.39
1.88
2.86
5.10
2.15
2.13
2.68
2.56
0.87
2.32
6.15
7.58
2.28
1.30
2.06
2.85
2.83
1.62
1.57
2.24
4.24
1.57
1.31
1.62
2.73
0.94
2.48
2.59
0.56
0.68
1.17
0.69
0.84
1.27
0.75
1.00
2.18
1.02
1.64
1.12
R&D/GDP
9
7
28
4
6
3
34
10
19
27
11
5
24
25
15
17
43
20
2
1
21
36
26
12
13
31
32
22
8
33
35
30
14
42
18
16
49
47
38
46
44
37
45
41
23
40
29
39
total state R&D

21.8
5.6
5.5
5.4
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.2
3.5
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.7
2.3
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.0
1.0
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
percent
21.8
27.4
32.8
38.2
42.7
47.2
51.6
55.7
59.3
62.5
65.5
68.6
71.3
73.6
75.5
77.3
79.0
80.7
82.3
83.9
85.4
86.8
88.2
89.5
90.8
91.8
92.8
93.5
94.2
94.8
95.3
95.9
96.3
96.7
97.0
97.4
97.7
98.0
98.2
98.5
98.7
98.9
99.1
99.3
99.4
99.6
99.7
99.8
Appendix table 4-12

U.S. R&D and gross domestic product, by state: 2008
State
(listed by R&D rank)
49 Alaska
50 South Dakota
51 Wyoming
R&D
GDP
R&D/GDP
Rank in
% of
Cumulative
(current $millions)
269
254
154
(current $millions)
49,720
37,973
38,894
(%)
0.54
0.67
0.40
R&D/GDP
50
48
51
total state R&D

0.1
0.1
0.0
percent
99.9
100.0
100.0
GDP = gross domestic product

NOTES: U.S. total R&D expenditures for 2008 are estimated to be $402.0 billion. $372.7 billion could be allocated to the 50 states and District of Columbia.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NSF/NCSES), National Patterns of R&D Resources [annual series]; NSF/NCSES,
Business Research and Development and Innovation Survey, 2008; NSF/NCSES, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges, FY 2008;
NSF/NCSES, Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development, FY 200810. State GDP data are from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis,
http://www.bea.gov/regional/gsp, accessed 23 February 2011.
Appendix table 4-13

Worldwide R&D expense for R&D performed by the company, by industry and company size: 2008
(Millions of U.S. dollars)
R&D expense for R&D performed by the
company
Industry and company size
All industries
Food
Beverage and tobacco products
Textile, apparel, and leather
Wood products
Paper manufacturing
Printing and related support activities
Petroleum and coal products
Chemicals
Basic chemicals
Resin, synthetic rubber, fibers, and filament
Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
Pharmaceuticals and medicines
Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation
Paint, coating, adhesive, and other chemicals manufacturing
Plastics and rubber products
Nonmetallic mineral products
Primary metals
Fabricated metal products
Machinery
Agricultural implement manufacturing
Semiconductor machinery manufacturing
Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment
manufacturing
Other machinery manufacturing
Communications equipment
Semiconductor and other electronic components
Navigational, measuring, electromedical,
and control instruments
Electromedical, electrotherapeutic, and irradiation
apparatus manufacturing
Search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical, and
nautical system and instrument manufacturing
Other measuring and controlling device manufacturing
Computer and peripheral equipment and other computer
and electronic products
Automobiles, bodies, trailers, and parts
Aerospace products and parts
Aircraft, aircraft engine, and aircraft parts manufacturing
Guided missile, space vehicle, and related parts
manufacturing
Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank
component manufacturing
Other transportation
Furniture and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing
Other miscellaneous manufacturing
Mining, extraction, and support activities
NAICS code
2123, 3133, 4281
3133
311
312
31316
321
322
323
324
325
3251
3252
3253
3254
3256
3255, 3259
326
327
331
332
333
33311
333295
Worldwide
289,403
209,660
2,659
900
1,169
274
1,430
321
D
68,592
5,206
950
1,312
55,648
3,064
2,412
2,053
1,615
768
2,550
11,764
1,580
2,476
Domestic
232,505
164,386
2,063
777
802
270
1,156
312
D
55,042
4,012
726
941
45,169
2,099
2,095
1,713
1,509
654
2,362
9,846
1,181
2,113
Foreign
56,899
45,274
596
123
367
4
274
9
D
13,549
1,194
224
370
10,479
965
317
339
106
114
188
1,918
399
362
3336
1,372
1,280
92
other 333
334
3342
3344
6,337
68,331
14,423
28,490
5,272
52,912
11,484
21,588
1,065
15,419
2,939
6,902
3345
12,666
10,463
2,203
334510, 334517
5,731
4,896
834
334511
2,803
other 3345
2,764
3341, 3343, 3346
12,752
9,377
3,375
335
336
3361, 3362, 3363
3364
336411336413
4,099
32,835
20,547
11,850
D
2,947
23,039
12,234
10,371
9,698
1,152
9,796
8,313
1,479
D
336414, 336415, 336419
673
336992
25
25
other 336
337
339
3391
3399
413
504
D
5,940
D
409
477
D
5,179
D
3
27
D
762
D
2123, 4281
21
79,743
1,676
68,118
1,478
11,625
198
Appendix table 4-13

Worldwide R&D expense for R&D performed by the company, by industry and company size: 2008
R&D expense for R&D performed by the
company
Utilities
Construction
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Electronic shopping and mail-order houses
Other retail trade
Transportation and warehousing
Information
Publishing
Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers
Software publishers
Telecommunications
Internet service providers, Web search portals,
and data processing services
Other information
Finance and insurance
Real estate and rental and leasing
Professional, scientific, and technical services
Architectural, engineering, and related services
Computer systems design and related services
Scientific research and development services
Other professional, scientific, and technical services
Health care services
Other nonmanufacturing
All companies
NAICS code
22
23
42
4445
4541
other 4445
4849
51
511
5111
5112
517
Worldwide
197
D
2,442
D
D
354
136
44,524
34,126
233
33,893
1,776
Domestic
190
D
1,944
1,029
674
354
134
36,922
27,871
205
27,665
1,601
Foreign
6
0
499
D
D
0
2
7,602
6,255
27
6,228
175
518
7,572
6,493
1,080
other 51
52
53
54
5413
5415
5417
other 54
62123
5556, 61, 624, 7172, 81
1,050
1,156
311
23,493
1,495
10,645
9,273
2,080
1,033
D
958
1,084
246
20,539
1,378
8,569
8,708
1,884
1,032
D
93
73
65
2,954
117
2,077
564
196
1
D
2123, 3133, 4281
289,403
232,505
56,899
50,922
26,682
18,479
10,571
7,907
8,204
14,555
9,684
46,396
24,890
17,642
10,333
7,309
7,248
12,933
8,572
4,526
1,792
836
238
598
956
1,622
1,112
11,353
49,638
24,923
54,272
98,297
9,673
39,010
20,358
43,049
74,020
1,680
10,628
4,565
11,223
24,277
Small companies (number of employees)a

5499
599
549
524
2549
5099
100249
250499
Medium and large companies (number of employees)
500999
1,0004,999
5,0009,999
10,00024,999
25,000 or more
D = data withheld to avoid disclosing operations of individual companies
BRDIS = Business R&D and Innovation Survey; NAICS = 2002 North American Industry Classification System
aUpper bound
based on U.S. Small Business Administration's definition of a small business; BRDIS does not include companies with fewer than five domestic
employees.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Industry classification based on dominant business code for domestic R&D performance where available.
For companies that did not report business codes, classification used for sampling was assigned.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, and U.S. Census Bureau, Business R&D and Innovation Survey,
2008.
Appendix table 4-14

Domestic and foreign R&D performed by the company, by industry and company size: 2008
Total performance
All industries
Food
Wood products
Paper manufacturing
Chemicals
Basic chemicals
Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical
manufacturing
Paint, coating, adhesive, and other chemicals
manufacturing
Primary metals
Machinery
Engine, turbine, and power transmission
equipment manufacturing
Electromedical, electrotherapeutic, and
irradiation apparatus manufacturing
Search, detection, navigation, guidance,
aeronautical, and nautical system and
instrument manufacturing
Other measuring and controlling device
manufacturing
NAICS code
Total
Paid for by
company
2123, 3133, 4281

3133
311
312
31316
321
322
323
324
325
3251
3252
352,156
250,326
2,101
903
1,181
277
1,441
D
D
72,239
5,272
985
289,404
209,660
2,659
900
1,169
274
1,430
321
D
68,591
5,206
950
Domestic performance
Paid for by
others
62,752
40,666
D
3
12
3
11
D
D
3,648
66
35
Foreign performance
Total
Paid for by
company
Paid for by
others
Total
Paid for by
company
Paid for by
others
290,681
203,754
2,100
780
814
273
1,167
349
D
58,249
4,074
761
232,505
164,386
2,063
777
802
270
1,156
312
D
55,042
4,012
726
58,176
39,368
37
3
12
3
11
37
D
3,207
62
35
61,475
46,572
1
123
367
4
274
*
D
13,990
1,198
224
56,899
45,274
596
123
367
4
274
9
D
13,549
1,194
224
4,576
1,298
*
0
0
0
0
*
0
441
4
0
3253
1,311
941
370
3254
3256
58,993
3,073
55,648
3,064
3,345
9
48,131
2,108
45,169
2,099
2,962
9
10,862
965
10,479
965
383
0
3255, 3259
2,412
2,095
317
53
326
327
331
332
333
33311
333295
2,158
D
D
2,608
12,033
1,583
2,538
2,052
1,615
768
2,550
11,764
1,580
2,475
106
D
D
58
269
3
63
1,817
1,555
696
2,419
10,104
1,184
2,172
1,713
1,509
654
2,362
9,846
1,181
2,113
104
46
42
57
258
3
59
341
*
*
189
1,929
399
366
339
106
114
188
1,918
399
362
2
*
*
1
11
0
4
3336
1,435
1,372
63
1,343
1,280
63
92
92
other 333
334
3342
3344
6,477
76,237
15,854
29,399
6,337
68,331
14,423
28,490
140
7,906
1,431
909
5,405
60,463
12,903
22,324
5,272
52,912
11,484
21,588
133
7,551
1,419
736
1,072
15,774
2,951
7,075
1,065
15,419
2,939
6,902
7
355
12
173
3345
17,768
12,666
5,102
15,460
10,463
4,997
2,308
2,203
105
334510, 334517
6,853
5,730
1,123
6,015
4,896
1,119
838
834
334511
2,803
3,739
other 3345
2,764
139
Appendix table 4-14

Total performance
Computer and peripheral equipment and other
computer and electronic products
Aircraft, aircraft engine, and aircraft parts
manufacturing
Guided missile, space vehicle, and related
parts manufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Other retail trade
Information
Publishing
Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory
publishers
Paid for by
others
Foreign performance
NAICS code
Total
Paid for by
company
Total
Paid for by
company
Paid for by
others
Total
Paid for by
company
Paid for by
others
3341, 3343, 3346
13,216
12,752
464
9,776
9,377
399
3,440
3,375
65
335
336
3361, 3362, 3363
3364
4,305
60,819
21,587
38,757
4,099
32,835
20,547
11,850
206
27,984
1,040
26,907
3,143
50,552
13,140
36,941
2,947
23,039
12,234
10,371
196
27,513
906
26,570
1,162
10,267
8,447
1,816
1,152
9,796
8,313
1,479
10
471
134
337
33641113
9,698
21,163
336414, 336415, 336419
673
5,407
336992
32
25
32
25
other 336
337
339
3391
3399
442
D
D
6,067
D
412
504
D
5,941
D
30
D
D
126
D
439
D
D
5,300
D
409
477
D
5,179
D
30
*
D
121
D
3
D
D
767
D
3
27
D
762
D
0
0
7
5
3
2123, 4281
21
22
23
42
4445
4541
other 4445
4849
51
511
101,828
D
D
D
2,594
D
D
355
D
45,351
34,728
79,743
1,676
196
D
2,443
D
D
354
136
44,524
34,126
22,085
D
D
D
151
2
1
1
D
827
602
86,925
D
225
D
2,084
1,031
675
355
D
37,694
28,427
68,118
1,478
190
D
1,944
1,029
674
354
134
36,922
27,871
18,807
24
35
D
140
2
1
1
*
772
556
14,903
D
*
D
510
D
D
0
D
7,657
6,301
11,625
198
6
0
499
D
D
0
2
7,602
6,255
3,278
D
*
0
11
0
0
0
0
55
46
5111
232
232
205
205
27
27
Software publishers
Telecommunications
5112
517
34,495
1,859
33,893
1,776
602
83
28,221
1,684
27,665
1,601
556
83
6,274
175
6,228
175
46
0
518
7,657
7,573
84
6,568
6,493
75
1,089
1,080
Other information
other 51
52
53
54
5413
5415
1,109
1,166
318
44,104
3,622
14,311
1,051
1,157
311
23,493
1,495
10,646
58
9
7
20,611
2,127
3,665
1,016
1,092
253
37,954
3,422
12,146
958
1,084
246
20,539
1,378
8,569
58
8
7
17,415
2,044
3,577
93
74
65
6,150
200
2,165
93
73
65
2,954
117
2,077
0
1
0
3,196
83
88
Appendix table 4-14

Total performance
All companies
Paid for by
others
Foreign performance
NAICS code
Total
5417
21,457
9,272
12,185
17,913
8,708
9,205
3,544
564
2,980

Other professional, scientific, and technical
services
Paid for by
company
Total
Paid for by
company
Paid for by
others
Total
Paid for by
company
Paid for by
others
other 54
4,715
2,080
2,635
4,474
1,884
2,590
241
196
45
62123
5556, 61, 624, 7172, 81
1,315
D
1,033
D
282
D
1,314
D
1,032
D
282
D
1
D
1
D
0
D
2123, 3133, 4281
352,156
289,404
62,752
290,681
232,505
58,176
61,475
56,899
4,576
63,052
35,258
24,931
14,648
10,285
10,327
16,397
11,396
50,922
26,682
18,478
10,571
7,907
8,204
14,555
9,684
12,130
8,576
6,453
4,077
2,378
2,123
1,842
1,712
58,137
33,256
23,905
14,280
9,626
9,351
14,662
10,218
46,396
24,890
17,642
10,333
7,309
7,248
12,933
8,572
11,741
8,366
6,263
3,947
2,317
2,103
1,729
1,646
4,915
2,002
1,026
368
659
976
1,735
1,178
4,526
1,792
836
238
598
956
1,622
1,112
389
210
190
130
61
20
113
66
13,639
57,687
31,764
60,522
125,491
11,353
49,638
24,923
54,272
98,297
2,286
8,049
6,841
6,250
27,194
11,886
46,337
24,764
48,737
100,820
9,673
39,010
20,358
43,049
74,020
2,213
7,327
4,406
5,688
26,800
1,753
11,350
7,000
11,785
24,671
1,680
10,628
4,565
11,223
24,277
73
722
2,435
562
394
Small companies (number of employees)a

5499
599
549
524
2549
5099
100249
250499
500999
1,0004,999
5,0009,999
10,00024,999
25,000 or more
* = < $500,000; D = data withheld to avoid disclosing operations of individual companies
aUpper bound
based on U.S. Small Business Administration's definition of a small business; BRDIS does not include companies with fewer than five domestic employees.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Industry classification based on dominant business code for domestic R&D performance where available. For companies that did not report business codes, classification used
for sampling was assigned.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, and U.S. Census Bureau, Business R&D and Innovation Survey, 2008.
Appendix table 4-15

Sources of funds for domestic R&D performed by the company, by industry and company size: 2008

All industries
Food
Wood products
Paper manufacturing
Chemicals
Basic chemicals
manufacturing
manufacturing
Primary metals
Machinery
manufacturing
Computer and peripheral equipment and other
computer and electronic products
manufacturing
manufacturing
NAICS code
Total
R&D
paid for
by the
company
2123, 3133, 4281

3133
311
312
31316
321
322
323
324
325
3251
3252
290,681
203,754
2,100
780
814
273
1,167
349
D
58,249
4,074
761
232,505
164,386
2,063
777
802
270
1,156
312
D
55,042
4,012
726
R&D paid for by others

Total
U.S. federal
government
Nonfederal
sources
58,176
39,368
37
3
12
3
11
37
D
3,207
62
35
36,360
31,102
2
0
D
0
D
32
*
197
33
12
21,816
8,266
35
3
D
3
D
5
D
3,010
29
23
3253
941
3254
3256
48,131
2,108
45,169
2,099
2,962
9
137
6
2,825
3
3255, 3259
2,095
326
327
331
332
333
33311
333295
1,817
1,555
696
2,419
10,104
1,184
2,172
1,713
1,509
654
2,362
9,846
1,181
2,113
104
46
42
57
258
3
59
4
33
9
16
62
0
32
100
13
33
41
196
3
27
3336
1,343
1,280
63
54
other 333
334
3342
3344
5,405
60,463
12,903
22,324
5,272
52,912
11,484
21,588
133
7,551
1,419
736
21
4,646
D
D
112
2,905
D
D
3345
15,460
10,463
4,997
3,635
1,362
334510, 334517
6,015
4,896
1,119
1,098 i
334511
2,803
3,739
2,410
1,329
other 3345
2,764
139
127
12
51
21
3341, 3343, 3346
9,776
9,377
399
335
336
3361, 3362, 3363
3364
3,143
50,552
13,140
36,941
2,947
23,039
12,234
10,371
196
27,513
906
26,570
33641113
9,698
21,163
336414, 336415, 336419
673
5,407
336992
other 336
337
32
439
D
25
409
477
7
30
*
D
D
0
D
D
D
91
25,941 i
D
25,805 i
348
105
1,572
D
765
Appendix table 4-15


Utilities
Construction
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Other retail trade
Information
Publishing
publishers
NAICS code
Total
339
3391
3399
D
5,300
D
R&D
paid for
by the
company
D
5,179
D
2123, 4281
86,925
68,118
18,807
5,258
13,549
21
22
23
42
4445
4541
other 4445
4849
51
511
D
225
D
2,084
1,031
675
355
D
37,694
28,427
1,478
190
D
1,944
1,029
674
354
134
36,922
27,871
24
35
D
140
2
1
1
*
772
556
5
D
0
46
0
0
0
*
229
176
19
D
D
94
2
1
1
D
543
380

Total
U.S. federal
government
Nonfederal
sources
D
121
D
54
20
34
D
101
D
5111
205
205
Software publishers
Telecommunications
5112
517
28,221
1,684
27,665
1,601
556
83
176
35
380
48
518
6,568
6,493
75
Other information
Other professional, scientific, and technical
services
other 51
52
53
54
5413
5415
5417
1,016
1,092
253
37,954
3,422
12,146
17,913
958
1,084
246
20,539
1,378
8,569
8,708
58
8
7
17,415
2,044
3,577
9,205
17 i
0
0
4,844
928
784
2,115
41
8
7
12,571
1,116
2,793
7,090
other 54
4,474
1,884
2,590
1,016
1,574
62123
5556, 61, 624, 7172, 81
1,314
D
1,032
D
282
D
16
D
266
D
2123, 3133, 4281
290,681
232,505
58,176
36,360
21,816
58,137
33,256
23,905
14,280
9,626
9,351
14,662
10,218
46,396
24,890
17,642
10,333
7,309
7,248
12,933
8,572
11,741
8,366
6,263
3,947
2,317
2,103
1,729
1,646
4,117
2,667
1,972
1,086
886
695
718
732
7,624
5,699
4,291
2,861
1,431
1,408
1,011
914
11,886
46,337
9,673
39,010
2,213
7,327
747
2,162 i
1,466
5,165

All companies
74
Small companies (number of employees)

5499
599
549
524
2549
5099
100249
250499
500999
1,0004,999
Appendix table 4-15


5,0009,999
10,00024,999
25,000 or more
NAICS code
Total
R&D
paid for
by the
company
24,764
48,737
100,820
20,358
43,049
74,020

Total
4,406
5,688
26,800
U.S. federal
government
Nonfederal
sources
1,168
3,024
25,142 i
3,238
2,664
1,658
* = < $500,000; D = data withheld to avoid disclosing operations of individual companies; i = more than 50% of the estimate is a combination of imputation and reweighting to
account for nonresponse.
aUpper bound
based on U.S. Small Business Administration's definition of a small business; BRDIS does not include companies with fewer than five domestic employees.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Industry classification based on dominant business code for domestic R&D performance where available. For companies
that did not report business codes, classification used for sampling was assigned.
Appendix table 4-16

Domestic sales, domestic R&D performed and paid for by the company, and R&D intensity, by industry and company size: 2008

All industries
Food
Wood products
Paper manufacturing
Chemicals
Basic chemicals
manufacturing
manufacturing
Primary metals
Machinery
manufacturing
computer
and electronic products
manufacturing
manufacturing
2123, 3133, 4281

3133
311
312
31316
321
322
323
324
325
3251
3252
Domestic sales
(US$millions)
7,796,340
4,681,443
476,888
130,661
141,481
40,999
92,642
16,597
271,430
902,410
173,503
180,105
Domestic R&D
performed and paid for by
the company
(US$millions)
232,505
164,386
2,063
777
802
270
1,156
312
D
55,042
4,012
726
R&D intensity
(performance/
sales) (%)
3.0
3.5
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.7
1.2
1.9
D
6.1
2.3
0.4
3253
3254
3256
32,021
371,760
82,981
941
45,169
2,099
2.9
12.2
2.5
3255, 3259
326
327
331
332
333
33311
333295
62,041
162,697
78,828
154,706
150,564
278,700
35,818
7,328
2,095
1,713
1,509
654
2,362
9,846
1,181
2,113
3.4
1.1
1.9
0.4
1.6
3.5
3.3
28.8
3336
other 333
334
3342
3344
30,863
204,691
522,717
86,150
106,658
1,280
5,272
52,912
11,484
21,588
4.1
2.6
10.1
13.3
20.2
3345
180,705
10,463
5.8
334510, 334517
60,251
4,896
8.1
334511
75,426
2,803
3.7
other 3345
45,028
2,764
6.1
3341, 3343, 3346

335
336
3361, 3362, 3363
3364
149,203
108,730
888,777
491,483
372,438
9,377
2,947
23,039
12,234
10,371
6.3
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.8
33641113
316,664
9,698
3.1
33641415, 336419
55,774
673
1.2
336992
other 336
337
339
3391
3399
2,412
22,443
34,174
228,441
151,700
76,742
25
409
477
D
5,179
D
1.0
1.8
1.4
D
3.4
D
NAICS code
Appendix table 4-16

Domestic sales, domestic R&D performed and paid for by the company, and R&D intensity, by industry and company size: 2008

Utilities
Construction
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Other retail trade
Information
Publishing
publishers
Software publishers
Telecommunications
Other information
All companies
NAICS code
2123, 4281
21
22
23
42
4445
4541
other 4445
4849
51
511
Domestic R&D
performed and paid for by
Domestic sales
the company
(US$millions)
(US$millions)
3,114,898
68,118
409,659
1,478
314,855
190
45,544
D
247,904 i
1,944 i
79,571
1,029
5,030
674
74,541
354
126,726
134
776,062
36,922
273,765
27,871
R&D intensity
(performance/
sales) (%)
2.2
0.4
0.1
D
0.8
1.3
13.4
0.5
0.1
4.8
10.2
5111
5112
517
12,314
261,451
349,363
205
27,665
1,601
1.7
10.6
0.5
518
other 51
52
53
54
5413
5415
5417
other 54
62123
5556, 61, 624, 7172, 81
104,885
48,049
377,279
18,328
453,444
41,642
204,868
136,105
70,829
29,382
236,144
6,493
958
1,084
246
20,539
1,378
8,569
8,708
1,884
1,032
D
6.2
2.0
0.3
1.3
4.5
3.3
4.2
6.4
2.7
3.5
D
2123, 3133, 4281
7,796,340
232,505
3.0
737,892
270,007
147,593
73,151
74,442
122,414
242,803
225,081
46,396
24,890
17,642
10,333
7,309
7,248
12,933
8,572
6.3
9.2
12.0
14.1
9.8
5.9
5.3
3.8
328,990
1,076,460
902,756
1,542,122
3,208,120
9,673
39,010
20,358
43,049
74,020
2.9
3.6
2.3
2.8
2.3
Small companies (number of employees)

5499
599
549
524
2549
5099
100249
250499
500999
1,0004,999
5,0009,999
10,00024,999
25,000 or more
D = data withheld to avoid disclosing operations of individual companies; i =more than 50% of the estimate is a combination of imputation and reweighting to
aUpper bound based on U.S. Small Business Administration's definition of a small business; BRDIS does not include companies with fewer than five domestic
employees.
NOTES: Data are representative of companies that had either positive worldwide R&D expense or positive worldwide R&D costs funded by others in 2008.
Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Industry classification based on dominant business code for domestic R&D performance where available.
For companies that did not report business codes, classification used for sampling was assigned.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, and U.S. Census Bureau, Business R&D and Innovation
Survey, 2008.
Appendix table 4-17

Worldwide R&D expense and domestic R&D performance paid for by the company and by others, by business activity: 2008
Domestic R&D performance
Business activity
All business activities
Oil and gas extraction
Coal mining
Metal ore mining
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying
Support activities for oil and gas operations
Support activities for solid mineral operations
Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution
Natural gas distribution
Water, sewage, and other systems
Construction of buildings
Heavy and civil engineering construction
Specialty trade contractors
Food manufacturing
Beverage manufacturing
Tobacco manufacturing
Textile mill products
Apparel manufacturing
Leather and allied products manufacturing
Wood products manufacturing
Paper manufacturing
Petroleum and coal products manufacturing
Basic chemicals manufacturing
Resin, synthetic rubber, and artificial synthetic fibers
and filaments manufacturing
Business codea
2110081390
21100
21210
21220
21230
21300
21310
22110
22120
22130
23600
23700
23800
31100
31210
31220
31300
31500
31600
32100
32200
32300
32400
32510
Worldwide
R&D expense
328,040
1,215
55
67
129
914
*
437
19
10
377
40
1,123
2,983
605
D
474
448
65
264
1,130
297
1,082 i
3,806
Total
290,681
616
D
57
126
D
*
424
1
8
373
31
1,072
2,229
*
D
322
430
56
*
897
*
D
2,918
Paid for by
company
232,505
609
52
57
126
706
*
237
1
7
367
31
1,065
2,196
437
D
318
424
56
216
896
291
949 i
2,871
Paid for by
others
58,176
7
D
0
0
D
0
187
0
1
6
0
7
33
*
3
4
6
0
*
1
*
D
47
32520
1,152
911
889
22
Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural

chemical manufacturing
32530
2,100
1,378
Pharmaceutical, medicinal, botanical, and biological products

(except diagnostic) manufacturing
32541
70,016
44,390
41,593
2,797
32542
1,988
1,051
982
69
32591
2,787
1,985
1,982
32592
32600
32710
2,152
2,536
966 i
1,773
2,175
931 i
1,750
2,099
903 i
23
76
28
32790
738
546
545
33110
331
254
250
33130
33150
33200
33311
33312
33313
33314
33321
415
85
2,935
1,404
581
1,689
277
2,553
295
*
2,617
861
498
1,443
255 i
2,179
292
83
2,474
859
498
1,408
255 i
2,152
3
*
143
2
0
35
0
27
In-vitro diagnostic substances manufacturing

Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparations
manufacturing
Paint, adhesive, and other chemical manufacturing
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing
Clay and glass products manufacturing
Cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other nonmetallic
mineral product manufacturing
Iron and steel mills, ferroalloy, and steel product from
purchased steel
Nonferrous metals production and processing
Ferrous and nonferrous foundries
Fabricated metal products manufacturing
Farm machinery and equipment manufacturing
Construction machinery manufacturing
Mining machinery and equipment manufacturing
Oil and gas field machinery and equipment manufacturing
Industrial machinery manufacturing, except semiconductor
machinery
33322
1,191
850
831
19
Commercial, service industry, temperature control,

and airflow control machinery manufacturing
33330
1,110
881
859
22

manufacturing
33360
2,386
1,982
1,859
123
Appendix table 4-17

Total
Paid for by
company
2,039
1,460
1,394
66
12,443
6,739
9,526
5,445
9,223
5,424
303
21
5,958
5,042
4,184
858
33429
2,482
2,360
1,833
527
33430
33440
773
29,911
D
23,154
610
22,674
D
480
Business activity
Metalworking and other general purpose machinery
manufacturing
Business codea
33390
Computers and peripheral equipment manufacturing

Telephone apparatus manufacturing
Radio and television broadcasting and wireless
communications equipment manufacturing
33410
33421
33422
Communication equipment manufacturing, except

broadcasting, wireless, and telephone apparatus
Audio and video equipment manufacturing
Semiconductor and other electronic components manufacturing
Electromedical, electrotherapeutic, and irradiation apparatus
manufacturing
Worldwide
R&D expense
Paid for by
others
33451
3,822
4,752
2,853
1,899
Search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical,

and nautical system and instruments manufacturing
33452
1,845
6,525
1,563
4,962
Measuring and control instruments manufacturing

(not listed elsewhere)
33459
3,458
2,714
2,614
100
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media

manufacturing
33460
54
53

manufacturing
33500
4,687
3,128
2,978
150
Motor vehicles manufacturing

Motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing
Motor vehicle parts manufacturing
Aircraft manufacturing
Aircraft engine and engine parts manufacturing
Other aircraft parts and auxiliary equipment manufacturing
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts manufacturing
Railroad rolling stock manufacturing
Ship and boat building
Motorcycle, bicycle, and parts manufacturing
Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank components
manufacturing
33610
33620
33630
33641
33642
33643
33644
33651
33660
33691
18,296
70
5,401
4,053
2,433
1,222
1,402
195
151
199
8,970
63
3,538
9,796
3,530
1,705
6,035
D
D
173
8,305
62
3,378
3,915
1,612
942
1,310
146
139
173
665
1
160
5,881
1,918
763
4,725
D
D
0
33692
107
367
111
256
All other transportation equipment manufacturing

Furniture and related products manufacturing
Miscellaneous manufacturing (not listed elsewhere)
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods
Wholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers
Motor vehicle and parts dealers
Electronics and appliance stores
Food and beverage stores
Clothing and clothing accessories stores
General merchandise stores
Nonstore retailers, except electronic shopping
and mail-order houses
33699
33700
33910
33990
42300
42400
42500
44100
44300
44500
44800
45200
45410
176
511
11,587
2,976
449
257
14
0
*
2
1
34
480
211
*
8,690
2,555
422
175
25
1
*
3
8
13
D
148
435
8,521
2,316
393
174
12
1
*
2
8
13
D
63
*
169
239
29
1
13
0
0
1
0
0
0
45490
12
Retail trade stores, including gasoline stations

45990
343
336
Air transportation
Rail transportation
Water transportation
Truck transportation
Transit and ground passenger transportation
48100
48200
48300
48400
48500
D
37
5
20
1
D
*
5
18
1
D
37
5
18
1
0
*
0
0
0
Appendix table 4-17

Business activity
Pipeline transportation of crude oil, refined petroleum,
and miscellaneous products, except natural gas
Business codea
Worldwide
R&D expense
Total
Paid for by
company
Paid for by
others
48610
Pipeline transportation of natural gas

Scenic and sightseeing transportation
Support activities for transportation
Couriers and messengers
Warehousing and storage
publishers (except Internet)
48620
48700
48800
49200
49300
3
0
36
D
26
0
0
36
D
*
0
0
30
D
30
0
0
6
0
*
Software publishers (except Internet)

Motion picture and sound recording (except Internet)
Radio and television broadcasting (except Internet)
Cable and other subscription programming (except Internet)
Internet publishing and broadcasting
Wired telecommunications carriers
Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite)
Satellite telecommunications
Cable and other program distribution
Telecommunications services (not listed elsewhere)
Internet service providers and Web search portals
Data processing, hosting, and related services
Information services (not listed elsewhere)
Depository credit intermediation
Nondepository credit intermediation
Activities related to credit intermediation
Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial
investments and related activities
51120
51200
51510
51520
51600
51710
51720
51740
51750
51790
51810
51820
51900
52210
52220
52230
52300
389
340
339
Insurance carriers
Agencies, brokerages, and other insurance-related activities
Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles
Real estate
Automotive equipment rental and leasing
Consumer goods and general rental centers
Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment
rental and leasing
52410
52420
52500
53100
53210
53220
199
125 i
101
20
D
296
145
125 i
101
19
D
131
145
118 i
101
19
D
131
0
7
0
0
0
0
53240
101
43
43
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets

Legal services
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services
Specialized design services
Management, scientific, and technical consulting services
Advertising and related services
53300
54110
54120
54130
54140
54150
54160
54170
54180
80
D
676
1,742
75
11,476
1,110
12,656
37
76
D
577
6,923
628
11,469
1,637
16,557
*
76
D
577
1,365
58
8,384
884
8,464
60
0
0
0
5,558
570
3,085
753
8,093
*
54190
439
1,196
374
822
Management of companies and enterprises

Business support services
Travel arrangement and reservation services
Investigation, security, and services to buildings and dwellings
Office administrative, facilities, employment,
and other support services
55100
56140
56150
56160
11
125
27
137
*
*
19
62
11
83
19
61
*
*
0
1
56190
1,139
1,217
1,126
91
Waste collection, treatment, and disposal

Remediation and other waste management services
Educational services
56210
56290
61100
7
*
202
7
*
193
7
*
185
0
0
8
51110
180
31,369
104
48
D
188
673
532 i
153
367
501
4,558
3,515
898
284 i
3
430
156
24,227
94
32
D
*
511
295
D
295
452
3,725 i
3,048
D
282 i
2
376
156
23,860
94
32
D
179
511
294
121
286
393
3,718 i
3,004
815
282 i
2
376
0
367
0
0
0
*
0
1
D
9
59
7
44
D
0
0
0
Appendix table 4-17

Business codea
Worldwide
R&D expense
Total
Paid for by
company
Paid for by
others
Offices of physicians
Offices of dentists and other health practitioners
Medical and diagnostic laboratories
Home health care services
Outpatient care centers and other ambulatory
health care services
62110
62120
62150
62160
40
202
903
3
51
201
1,072
3
30
201
781
3
21
0
291
0
62190
53
12
General medical and surgical hospitals

Psychiatric, substance abuse, and specialty hospitals
Nursing and residential care facilities
Social assistance (except child day care services)
Child day care services
Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries
Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries
Traveler accommodation services
Food services and drinking places
Automotive repair and maintenance
Repair and maintenance, except automotive
Personal care, death care, laundry, and other
personal services
62210
62220
62300
62400
62440
71100
71300
72100
72200
81110
81190
13
0
15
8
1
24
138
0
481
307
99
35
0
10
6
1
24
D
0
480
269
55
12
0
10
6
1
24
78
0
480
269
55
23
0
0
0
0
0
D
0
0
0
0
81200
37
30
30
Business activity
Business, professional, labor, political,

and similar organizations
Undistributed
81390
10,660
18,547
9,209
9,338
* = < $500,000; D = data withheld to avoid disclosing operations of individual companies; i = more than 50% of the estimate is a combination of imputation and reweighting to
aBusiness codes
and descriptions based on 2002 NAICS industry definitions.
NOTES: Data tabulated independent of the industry classification of the company. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
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Appendix table 4-25

R&D performed in United States by U.S. multinational company parent companies, by NAICS industry: 19992003
(Millions of current U.S. dollars)
Industry/sector
All industries
Mining
Other
Utilities
Manufacturing
Food
Beverages and tobacco products
Textiles, apparel, and leather products
Wood products
Paper
Chemicals
Basic chemicals
Resins and synthetic rubber, fibers, and filaments
Soap, cleaning compounds, and toilet preparations
Other
Primary and fabricated metals
Primary metals
Machinery
Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery
Industrial machinery
Other
Computers and electronic products
Computers and peripheral equipment
Audio and video equipment
Semiconductors and other electronic components
Navigational, measuring, and other instruments
Magnetic and optical media
Motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts
Other
Wholesale trade
Professional and commercial equipment and supplies
Other durable goods
Petroleum and petroleum products
Other nondurable goods
Information
Publishing industries
Motion picture and sound recording industries
Broadcasting and telecommunications
Broadcasting, cable networks, and program distribution
Telecommunications
Information services and data processing services
Finance (except depository institutions) and insurance
Finance, except depository institutions
Securities, commodity contracts, and other intermediation
and related activities
NAICS code
na
21
211
na
22
3133
311
312
31316
321
322
323
324
325
3251
3252
3254
3256
na
326
327
na
331
332
333
3331
3332
na
334
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
335
336
3361, 3362, 3363
na
337
339
42
4214
na
4227
na
51
511
512
513
5131, 5132
5133
514
52
na
523
1999
126,291
212
53
159
81
104,842
934
501
275
31
1,478
129
990
28,198
1,627
2,784
18,382
1,957
3,449
1,031
371
1,320
760
560
5,252
1,340
1,250
2,662
30,298
5,659
13,276
407
8,997
1,579
381
2,958
29,162
17,513
11,649
90
1,826
4,000
2,635
774
D
D
6,763
4,050
D
869
D
D
D
315
240
2000
135,467
329
46
284
108
109,744
890
467
248
D
1,498
148
977
29,212
1,569
2,963
20,591
2,249
1,841
955
406
1,417
818
600
7,196
1,343
1,607
4,247
35,616
6,952
14,614
436
10,252
2,960
402
2,511
25,834
16,223
9,611
D
2,176
3,755
2,404
577
231
543
8,251
5,510
12
820
14
806
1,909
510
458
2001
143,017
411
49
362
59
115,118
914
469
125
D
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31,927
1,742
2,972
23,169
2,153
1,892
929
339
1,038
484
554
8,561
1,484
1,579
5,497
38,356
7,727
14,526
359
11,114
4,158
473
2,008
25,147
18,183
6,964
128
2,570
4,032
2,489
638
238
666
9,514
6,452
12
796
14
782
2,254
617
477
2002
136,977
274
33
241
53
110,062
1,370
D
D
78
1,376
157
1,153
32,273
1,456
2,530
24,279
1,768
2,239
937
373
1,340
498
841
8,405
1,733
1,583
5,088
33,948
7,065
11,497
D
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4,244
D
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23,167
16,535
6,632
130
3,067
2,798
1,388
628
218
563
9,679
6,718
27
625
37
588
2,308
560
430
2003
139,884
472
25
447
60
112,681
1,367
448
85
84
1,325
174
1,266
35,500
1,502
2,553
26,471
2,683
2,292
978
435
1,412
501
911
5,431
1,700
1,469
2,263
33,255
7,064
10,359
D
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3,824
D
1,350
25,565
17,251
8,314
116
3,890
2,850
1,164
790
195
701
9,933
7,202
30
442
72
369
2,259
369
249
254
290
126
Appendix table 4-25

Industry/sector
Other finance, except depository institutions
Insurance carriers and related activities
Management, scientific, and technical consulting
Other
Other industries
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting
Construction
Retail trade
Real estate
Rental and leasing (except real estate)
Management of nonbank companies and enterprises
Administration, support, and waste management
Health care and social assistance
Accommodation and food services
Accommodation
Miscellaneous services
NAICS code
na
524
54
5413
5415
5416
5418
na
na
11
23
4445
4849
53
531
532
55
56
62
72
721
722
na
1999
D
75
8,522
49
7,453
D
D
716
1,556
2
D
D
26
D
0
D
0
6
D
25
0
25
15
2000
204
52
10,042
24
8,359
D
D
874
2,729
2
D
D
8
6
0
6
0
D
30
31
0
31
16
2001
D
141
10,348
18
8,929
D
D
802
2,918
D
D
D
12
7
0
7
0
D
32
42
0
42
17
2002
140
130
10,479
D
8,917
533
D
978
3,073
D
D
D
5
D
0
D
D
D
31
29
0
29
128
2003
123
120
10,560
D
8,920
554
D
982
2,958
D
D
D
1
5
0
5
0
D
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37
0
37
143
D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information; na = not applicable

NOTES: Data include R&D performed by parent companies of U.S. multinational companies (MNCs), regardless of funding source, whether for performer itself or
others, including R&D performed for federal government; data exclude R&D conducted by others under contract. U.S. MNC parent company is company that
resides in United States and owns or controls at least 10% of voting securities or equivalent of foreign business enterprise. Industry data are classified by the
Bureau of Economic Analysis using the International Survey Industry classification system based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
Data for 19992003 are based on the 1997 NAICS.
SOURCE: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad (annual series), http://www.bea.gov/international/index.htm#omc, accessed 15
February 2011.
Appendix table 4-26

Industry/sector
All industries
Mining
Other
Utilities
Manufacturing
Food
Beverages and tobacco products
Textiles, apparel, and leather products
Wood products
Paper
Chemicals
Basic chemicals
Resins and synthetic rubber, fibers, and filaments
Soap, cleaning compounds, and toilet preparations
Other
Primary and fabricated metals
Primary metals
Machinery
Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery
Industrial machinery
Other
Computers and electronic products
Audio and video equipment
Semiconductors and other electronic components
Navigational, measuring, and other instruments
Magnetic and optical media
Motor vehicles, bodies and trailers, and parts
Other
Wholesale trade
Professional and commercial equipment and supplies
Petroleum and petroleum products
Drugs and druggists' sundries
Other
Information
Publishing industries
Motion picture and sound recording industries
Broadcasting (except Internet) and telecommunications
Broadcasting (except Internet)
Telecommunications
Internet, data processing, and other information services
Finance (except depository institutions) and insurance
Finance, except depository institutions
Securities, commodity contracts, and other intermediation
and related activities
NAICS code
na
21
211
na
22
3133
311
312
31316
321
322
323
324
325
3251
3252
3254
3256
na
326
327
na
331
332
333
3331
3332
na
334
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
335
336
3361, 3362, 3363
na
337
339
42
4234
4247
4242
na
51
511
512
na
515
517
516, 518, 519
52
na
523
2004
164,189
D
D
418
26
129,246
1,636
125
85
96
1,375
132
1,327
41,459
1,464
2,557
32,507
2,612
2,318
870
377
1,513
487
1,026
4,968
1,770
1,066
2,132
34,187
7,176
9,253
315
13,021
D
D
1,679
35,580
15,264
20,316
133
3,703
D
D
D
287
3,028
14,657
11,029
18
587
88
499
3,023
221
103
2005
177,598
403
D
D
31
143,335
1,311
502
195
113
1,408
96
2,155
45,004
1,381
2,510
36,352
2,510
2,252
1,079
389
1,165
544
621
5,492
1,955
1,210
2,327
36,560
7,015
9,255
360
15,020
4,807
103
1,618
41,692
18,687
23,005
217
4,341
5,072
1,650
D
D
2,889
13,161
9,504
D
D
D
D
3,197
228
146
2006
184,428
538
8
530
28
146,435
1,739
497
216
121
1,596
52
2,289
44,832
1,420
2,417
36,698
2,200
2,097
1,287
397
1,082
444
638
5,892
2,359
2,024
1,509
40,124
8,081
9,336
D
16,748
5,478
D
2,748
38,809
14,840
23,969
226
4,528
5,428
1,621
D
D
3,289
15,047
10,995
D
D
D
236
3,762
260
166
2007
203,678
644
14
631
29
159,182
1,862
336
152
46
1,474
45
2,583
51,033
1,601
2,541
41,962
2,780
2,149
1,304
406
991
439
553
7,398
2,429
2,155
2,815
41,169
8,027
12,043
D
15,374
5,202
D
2,056
43,543
15,610
27,933
244
4,540
5,876
1,625
D
D
3,653
17,981
12,267
D
D
D
1,262
4,277
180
D
2008
199,105
691
16
675
17
152,507
1,801
368
136
74
1,152
96
2,642
49,077
1,695
2,611
40,013
2,494
2,264
1,291
361
1,101
474
627
8,106
2,598
2,016
3,491
37,472
6,962
9,074
D
15,357
5,547
D
2,301
41,510
13,902
27,609
248
4,772
6,451
2,176
D
D
3,652
18,148
13,784
D
D
D
D
2,925
107
D
Appendix table 4-26

Industry/sector
Other finance, except depository institutions
Insurance carriers and related activities
Management, scientific, and technical consulting
Other
Other industries
Construction
Retail trade
Real estate
Rental and leasing (except real estate)
Management of nonbank companies and enterprises
Administration, support, and waste management
Accommodation and food services
Accommodation
Miscellaneous services
NAICS code
na
524
54
5413
5415
5416
5418
na
na
11
23
4445
4849
53
531
532
55
56
62
72
721
722
na
2004
D
118
13,216
154
8,983
132
D
D
1,523
39
3
D
1
D
0
D
D
D
24
9
0
9
174
2005
D
82
13,750
D
9,133
115
D
4,323
1,617
46
4
D
D
D
0
D
0
D
D
D
0
D
189
2006
D
94
15,007
149
9,246
D
D
5,537
1,684
12
4
D
D
D
0
D
0
D
D
D
0
D
248
2007
D
D
16,162
149
10,081
D
D
5,852
3,623
13
D
D
D
D
0
D
0
D
D
D
0
D
265
2008
0
D
17,072
151
11,070
24
1
5,826
4,111
8
D
D
D
D
0
D
1
D
D
57
0
57
298
D = suppressed to avoid disclosure of confidential information; na = not applicable

NOTES: Preliminary estimates for 2008. Industries are classified by the Bureau of Economic Analysis using the International Survey Industry classification system
based on the NAICS. Data for 200408 data are based on the 2002 NAICS and are not fully comparable with earlier data. NAICS revisions, for example, affected
several industries under information (NAICS 51). In addition, industry 4214 (Professional and commercial equipment and supplies ) under 1997 NAICS code was
split among several 2002 NAICS codes, including but not limited to the new code for this industry (NAICS 4234). Therefore data for this industry in appendix table
4-25 are not necessarily comparable with data in the present table. Data include R&D performed by parent companies of U.S. multinational companies (MNCs),
regardless of funding source, whether for performer itself or others, including R&D performed for federal government; data exclude R&D conducted by others
under contract. U.S. MNC parent company is company that resides in United States and owns or controls at least 10% of voting securities or equivalent of foreign
business enterprise.
SOURCE: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of U.S. Direct Investment Abroad (annual series), http://www.bea.gov/international/index.htm#omc, accessed 15
February 2011.
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Appendix table 4-30

Federal obligations for research and development, by character of work and R&D plant: FY 19532009
Fiscal year
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Total
2,167,456
1,918,046
2,251,894
3,266,903
4,389,237
4,906,015
7,122,610
8,080,015
9,607,023
11,069,059
13,662,879
15,323,870
15,745,852
16,178,640
17,149,186
16,525,038
16,309,900
15,863,385
16,153,756
17,097,951
17,574,486
18,176,457
19,859,548
21,616,382
24,817,577
27,140,849
29,620,597
31,386,095
34,589,634
37,822,363
40,009,032
44,012,149
50,180,369
52,951,181
57,099,656
58,826,512
63,571,605
65,831,189
64,147,951
68,577,184
70,414,697
69,450,776
70,442,935
69,399,164
71,753,430
73,913,988
77,386,368
80,403,169
88,562,348
98,013,347
107,793,778
116,068,604
122,618,991
123,854,731
129,431,246
129,049,527
Basic research
Total R&D
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
1,919,543
1,761,840
2,044,593
2,988,203
3,932,001
4,569,722
6,693,510
7,551,746
9,058,623
10,289,947
12,494,611
14,225,354
14,614,249
15,320,334
16,529,099
15,921,208
15,640,888
15,338,937
15,542,512
16,495,895
16,800,153
17,410,128
19,038,818
20,779,658
23,450,377
25,845,137
28,145,142
29,830,432
33,103,924
36,432,589
38,711,537
42,224,865
48,359,565
51,412,364
55,253,693
56,769,425
61,406,484
63,559,471
61,295,152
65,592,590
67,314,025
67,235,390
68,186,798
67,653,047
69,826,779
72,100,724
75,340,622
75,910,322
84,492,520
93,708,604
103,527,260
112,074,452
118,847,864
121,729,949
127,262,861
127,105,666
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
Applied
research Development
Current $thousands
115,997
NA
116,033
NA
130,068
NA
206,441
645,506
262,348
662,199
334,543
744,264
465,981
874,272
590,374
1,282,135
814,513
1,663,431
986,314
2,018,481
1,151,753
2,356,150
1,303,000
2,571,452
1,435,469
2,811,761
1,579,181
3,081,066
1,845,847
2,785,543
1,840,562
2,940,500
1,944,773
2,700,117
1,925,908
2,974,890
1,980,141
3,143,030
2,186,937
3,360,759
2,232,006
3,349,423
2,387,681
3,787,559
2,588,427
4,141,281
2,767,454
4,851,878
3,258,640
5,255,475
3,698,604
5,908,154
4,192,665
6,342,340
4,674,156
6,923,222
5,041,295
7,171,485
5,481,605
7,540,580
6,260,131
7,993,394
7,067,359
7,911,414
7,818,682
8,314,739
8,153,076
8,349,123
8,942,425
8,998,096
9,473,618
9,176,527
10,602,011
10,163,520
11,285,593
10,336,771
12,170,794
11,797,583
12,489,864
12,000,734
13,399,121
13,491,376
13,523,476
13,887,733
13,877,031
14,557,365
14,464,035
13,795,729
14,941,892
14,423,397
15,613,012
15,309,257
17,443,653
16,083,861
19,569,849
18,900,781
21,958,136
22,755,600
23,668,345
24,338,366
24,751,441
26,320,402
26,120,663
27,237,148
27,140,335
26,597,910
26,584,592
26,951,058
26,865,786
27,227,779
27,153,966
26,739,712
NA
NA
NA
2,136,256
3,007,454
3,490,915
5,353,257
5,679,237
6,580,679
7,285,152
8,986,708
10,350,902
10,367,019
10,660,087
11,897,709
11,140,146
10,995,998
10,438,139
10,419,341
10,948,199
11,218,724
11,234,888
12,309,110
13,160,326
14,936,262
16,238,379
17,610,137
18,233,054
20,891,144
23,410,404
24,458,012
27,246,092
32,226,144
34,910,165
37,313,172
38,119,280
40,640,953
41,937,107
37,326,775
41,101,992
40,423,528
39,824,181
39,752,402
39,393,283
40,461,490
41,178,455
41,813,108
37,439,692
39,778,784
45,701,893
52,455,417
58,716,641
65,109,619
68,194,299
73,169,296
73,211,988
R&D plant
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
247,913
156,206
207,301
278,700
457,236
336,293
429,100
528,269
548,400
779,112
1,168,268
1,098,516
1,131,603
858,306
620,087
603,830
669,012
524,448
611,244
602,056
774,333
766,329
820,730
836,724
1,367,200
1,295,712
1,475,455
1,555,663
1,485,710
1,389,774
1,297,495
1,787,284
1,820,804
1,538,817
1,845,963
2,057,087
2,165,121
2,271,718
2,852,799
2,984,594
3,100,672
2,215,386
2,256,137
1,746,117
1,926,651
1,813,264
2,045,746
4,492,847
4,069,828
4,304,743
4,266,518
3,994,152
3,771,127
2,124,782
2,168,385
1,943,861
Appendix table 4-30

Total
Total R&D
Basic research
2009a
136,996,492
133,348,969
32,877,860
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
13,362,861
11,688,275
13,614,837
19,251,049
24,938,847
27,060,204
38,709,837
43,370,988
50,857,718
57,953,188
70,645,703
78,302,862
79,045,442
79,541,003
81,701,696
76,047,115
71,754,949
66,235,428
64,229,646
64,912,494
63,930,469
61,698,768
61,012,436
61,955,810
66,180,205
67,801,272
68,486,929
66,679,615
66,891,576
68,456,766
69,363,786
73,586,606
81,263,755
83,810,036
88,035,239
87,879,462
91,417,321
91,305,394
85,724,911
89,316,468
89,723,110
86,661,812
86,073,967
83,192,477
84,465,486
85,916,527
88,776,377
90,452,434
97,331,957
105,971,832
114,164,137
119,856,055
122,618,991
119,758,974
11,834,420
10,736,380
12,361,505
17,608,739
22,340,915
25,205,306
36,377,772
40,535,405
47,954,595
53,874,068
64,605,021
72,689,596
73,364,704
75,321,209
78,747,494
73,268,329
68,811,650
64,045,666
61,799,252
62,626,784
61,113,689
59,097,515
58,490,992
59,557,633
62,534,339
64,564,419
65,075,473
63,374,617
64,018,418
65,941,338
67,114,315
70,598,336
78,315,085
81,374,429
85,189,166
84,806,431
88,303,831
88,154,606
81,912,538
85,429,265
85,772,203
83,897,417
83,317,202
81,099,313
82,197,503
83,808,816
86,429,531
85,398,045
92,859,127
101,317,552
109,645,478
115,731,570
118,847,864
117,704,457
Fiscal year
Applied
R&D plant
30,830,948
69,640,161
3,647,524
Constant FY 2005 $thousands

715,148
NA
707,087
NA
786,385
NA
1,216,506
3,803,807
1,490,614
3,762,494
1,845,245
4,105,152
2,532,505
4,751,478
3,168,943
6,882,099
4,311,874
8,805,881
5,163,948
10,567,963
5,955,290
12,182,782
6,658,150
13,139,765
7,206,170
14,115,266
7,763,918
15,147,817
8,793,935
13,270,810
8,470,143
13,531,983
8,555,974
11,879,089
8,041,370
12,421,253
7,873,324
12,497,137
8,302,722
12,759,146
8,119,338
12,184,151
8,104,823
12,856,616
7,952,157
12,722,829
7,931,940
13,906,214
8,689,707
14,014,600
9,239,580
14,759,316
9,694,023
14,664,370
9,930,223
14,708,354
9,749,168
13,868,662
9,921,457
13,648,109
10,853,209
13,858,173
11,816,350
13,227,577
12,661,833
13,465,164
12,904,520
13,214,820
13,787,273
13,873,105
14,152,402
13,708,585
15,245,917
14,615,358
15,652,695
14,336,714
16,264,592
15,765,847
16,267,080
15,630,026
17,073,294
17,190,846
16,874,814
17,329,340
16,956,294
17,787,592
17,338,810
16,537,676
17,589,043
16,978,690
18,148,334
17,795,254
20,011,074
18,451,143
22,015,805
21,263,113
24,132,472
25,008,902
25,590,167
26,314,592
26,214,193
27,875,876
26,973,010
28,125,927
27,140,335
26,597,910
25,705,465
26,059,812
NA
NA
NA
12,588,427
17,087,807
19,254,909
29,093,788
30,484,364
34,836,840
38,142,157
46,466,949
52,891,681
52,043,268
52,409,474
56,682,749
51,266,203
48,376,586
43,583,044
41,428,791
41,564,916
40,810,200
38,136,076
37,816,006
37,719,478
39,830,032
40,565,523
40,717,080
38,736,040
40,400,588
42,371,772
42,402,933
45,554,409
52,188,087
55,255,089
57,528,788
56,945,444
58,442,555
58,165,197
49,882,099
53,532,159
51,508,063
49,693,263
48,573,316
47,222,828
47,629,770
47,865,227
47,967,314
42,119,127
43,717,754
49,412,794
55,555,409
60,632,632
65,109,619
65,939,179
1,528,440
951,895
1,253,331
1,642,310
2,597,932
1,854,898
2,332,065
2,835,582
2,903,123
4,079,120
6,040,683
5,613,265
5,680,738
4,219,794
2,954,202
2,778,785
2,943,300
2,189,762
2,430,394
2,285,710
2,816,781
2,601,253
2,521,444
2,398,177
3,645,867
3,236,852
3,411,457
3,304,999
2,873,158
2,515,428
2,249,471
2,988,270
2,948,670
2,435,608
2,846,073
3,073,031
3,113,490
3,150,788
3,812,373
3,887,202
3,950,907
2,764,395
2,756,766
2,093,164
2,267,982
2,107,711
2,346,846
5,054,390
4,472,830
4,654,279
4,518,659
4,124,486
3,771,127
2,054,518
Appendix table 4-30

Fiscal year
2007
2008
2009a
Total
Total R&D
Basic research
121,486,058
118,415,789
124,057,314
119,450,780
116,632,103
120,754,296
25,216,619
24,916,467
29,772,580
Applied
25,556,391
24,536,348
27,918,997
68,677,770
67,179,288
63,062,719
R&D plant
2,035,278
1,783,686
3,303,019
NA = not available, data collected for this table were not recorded at that level in that particular fiscal year; r = data significantly revised,
replaces previously published data.
aIncludes obligations from
the additional federal R&D funding appropriated by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
NOTES: Beginning in FY 2000, Department of the Air Force did not report BA 6.7 Operational Systems Development data because the
agency misunderstood reporting requirements. During the Volume 57 data collection cycle, Department of the Air Force edited prior year
data from FY 2000 to FY 2007 to include BA 6.7 Operational Systems Development data. These data revisions were derived from FY
2007 distribution percentages that were then applied backward to revise FY 200006 data.
In FY 2000, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) reclassified Space Station as a physical asset, reclassified Space
Station Research as equipment, and transferred funding for the program from R&D to R&D plant. In FY 2006, NASA reclassified as
operational costs funding for Space Operations, the Hubble Space Telescope, Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, and the
James Webb Space Telescope previously reported as R&D plant. In FY 2000, National Institutes of Health reclassified all its
development activities as research.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Federal Funds for Research
and Development: FY 200911.
Appendix table 4-31

Estimated federal obligations for R&D and R&D plant, by selected agency, performer, and character of work: FY 2009
Extramural performers
United States and U.S. territories
Agency
Total R&D and R&D plant
All agencies
Department of Agriculture
Department of Commerce
Department of Defense
Department of Education
Department of Energy
Department of Health and Human Services
Department of Homeland Security
Department of the Interior
Department of Justice
Department of Transportation
Department of Veterans Affairs
Agency for International Development
Environmental Protection Agency
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
National Science Foundation
Smithsonian Institution
All other agencies
R&D
All agencies
Administration
All other agencies
Basic research
All agencies
All federal
Federal Business Industry
obligations intramural
firms FFRDC
136,996.5
2,347.2
1,533.3
68,230.2
322.4
11,562.2
35,735.9
983.6
738.8
94.0
846.3
510.0
160.1
552.8
31,246.9 53,677.4 4,182.2

1,576.9
17.1
0.0
1,178.3
66.1
0.0
17,351.0 46,345.0
321.7
15.6
20.7
0.0
982.5 1,180.5 2,966.8
6,630.0 1,912.2
795.8
399.7
238.9
77.9
602.5
48.1
0.0
25.1
16.6
0.0
226.5
333.4
1.6
510.0
0.0
0.0
10.6
10.9
0.0
414.1
68.1
0.0
Universities
and colleges
Other
University
FFRDCs nonprofits
Nonprofit
FFRDCs
32,169.9
714.5
260.8
2,425.5
217.2
1,342.6
20,514.2
89.1
70.9
33.4
62.7
0.0
30.2
52.9
4,069.2
0.0
2.2
319.3
0.0
2,405.3
61.0
13.4
0.0
0.0
6.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
7,202.2
24.4
23.6
501.9
68.4
166.1
5,289.8
54.6
2.7
7.3
40.5
0.0
101.2
15.9
3,456.4
0.0
1.0
703.0
0.0
2,498.6
60.0
105.5
0.0
0.0
45.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
State, local
governments Foreign
391.0
10.8
1.3
9.2
0.5
17.2
172.5
4.1
13.5
11.6
128.4
0.0
0.0
0.8
601.3
3.5
0.1
253.5
0.0
2.7
300.6
0.3
1.1
0.0
0.7
0.0
7.2
1.2
5,937.1
916.3
3,050.8
0.9
730.4
1,023.7
189.7
17.2
1.5
6.7
6,924.8
226.7
291.1
68.3
226.7
112.9
279.7
0.0
89.3
0.0
0.0
17.4
5,604.6
0.0
21.2
230.8
0.0
6.9
699.5
0.0
16.7
4.7
0.0
20.7
17.5
0.0
2.1
17.0
0.0
6.7
133,349.0
2,269.7
1,146.9
68,113.0
322.4
9,889.9
35,584.0
672.5
732.4
94.0
826.0
510.0
160.1
552.8
30,442.3
1,499.4
845.0
17,333.5
15.6
977.1
6,533.2
246.6
602.5
25.1
226.5
510.0
10.6
414.1
53,301.6 4,054.5
17.1
0.0
66.1
0.0
46,245.4
321.7
20.7
0.0
1,100.0 2,839.4
1,912.2
795.8
119.6
77.6
41.7
0.0
16.6
0.0
313.1
1.6
0.0
0.0
10.9
0.0
68.1
0.0
31,563.0
714.5
213.2
2,425.4
217.2
1,331.8
20,476.5
88.8
70.9
33.4
62.7
0.0
30.2
52.9
3,362.6
0.0
2.2
319.3
0.0
1,791.0
61.0
13.4
0.0
0.0
6.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
7,047.8
24.4
18.1
501.9
68.4
166.1
5,272.4
51.8
2.7
7.3
40.5
0.0
101.2
15.9
2,588.1
0.0
1.0
703.0
0.0
1,664.6
60.0
71.2
0.0
0.0
45.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
389.8
10.8
1.3
9.2
0.5
17.2
172.5
3.2
13.5
11.6
128.4
0.0
0.0
0.8
599.3
3.5
0.1
253.5
0.0
2.7
300.6
0.3
1.1
0.0
0.7
0.0
7.2
1.2
5,937.0
916.3
3,050.7
0.9
730.4
1,023.7
189.7
17.2
1.5
6.7
6,095.2
152.0
291.1
22.0
152.0
112.9
230.5
0.0
88.9
0.0
0.0
17.4
5,094.2
0.0
21.2
138.5
0.0
6.9
570.8
0.0
16.7
4.7
0.0
20.7
17.5
0.0
1.8
17.0
0.0
4.7
32,877.9
924.0
138.3
1,735.0
4.2
4,061.0
18,772.2
101.3
47.1
0.0
0.0
5,523.9
642.7
112.6
406.2
0.2
47.1
3,660.8
17.2
42.7
0.0
0.0
1,631.4
0.8
6.8
221.4
0.0
74.5
920.1
6.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
678.3
0.0
0.0
9.4
0.0
236.7
421.8
9.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
18,232.6
266.6
13.8
990.4
2.9
1,043.7
10,768.1
54.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
1,964.3
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
1,598.9
29.2
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
3,487.7
9.0
4.3
69.0
1.1
46.3
2,717.5
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.0
1,059.1
0.0
0.7
2.8
0.0
1,011.1
29.5
11.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
94.4
3.1
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
71.3
0.4
0.9
0.0
0.0
206.1
1.7
0.1
31.9
0.0
2.7
153.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Appendix table 4-31

Agency
All federal
firms FFRDC

Administration
203.3
0.6
83.7
203.3
0.0
63.2
0.0
0.0
10.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,021.6
153.2
264.9

All other agencies
5,623.9
152.0
9.6
20.7
152.0
1.9
126.0
0.0
0.2
30,830.9
1,154.0
820.8
5,071.4
198.4
3,127.2
16,717.7
245.9
610.5
71.5
586.7
274.0
159.6
384.4
7,802.0
684.0
587.0
1,549.7
9.6
478.6
2,840.0
116.2
497.2
9.0
171.0
274.0
10.6
286.8
681.8
190.1
357.8
471.3
0.0
255.8
1.3
0.0
97.0
104.6
0.0
77.5
69,640.2
191.7
187.8
61,306.5
119.7
2,701.8
94.1
325.3
74.8
22.5
239.2
32.7
0.0
84.7
17,116.4
172.7
145.3
15,377.6
5.8
451.5
32.4
113.3
62.5
16.1
55.4
32.7
0.0
64.0
47,017.1
0.0
18.2
43,466.3
12.4
878.2
0.0
63.0
1.5
0.0
128.0
0.0
0.0
10.2
4,233.5
573.1
0.0
0.0
25.7
0.0
0.0
13.9
3,647.5
77.5
386.4
804.6
77.5
333.3
Applied research
All agencies
Administration
All other agencies
Development
All agencies
Administration
All other agencies
R&D plant
All agencies
Universities
and colleges
Other
University
FFRDCs nonprofits
0.0
0.5
7.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
327.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
4,748.4
0.0
5.7
4,653.1 2,392.2
16.3
0.0
41.2
0.0
2,557.7
56.7
8.3
0.0
147.3 1,902.3
992.0
374.0
50.0
40.1
40.0
0.0
16.6
0.0
185.1
1.6
0.0
0.0
10.9
0.0
47.8
0.0
Nonprofit
FFRDCs
State, local
governments Foreign
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
193.4
78.4
2.3
0.3
1.2
138.4
0.0
0.0
557.2
0.0
1.8
1.3
0.0
0.0
17.4
0.0
0.0
14.4
0.0
0.0
11,939.9
430.4
176.9
660.5
145.1
162.0
9,683.1
18.1
60.8
33.1
50.5
0.0
29.7
37.2
183.8
0.0
2.2
29.1
0.0
88.7
31.8
5.9
0.0
0.0
6.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
3,013.3
14.1
12.7
157.7
35.4
56.2
2,521.8
7.5
2.1
7.3
33.4
0.0
101.2
11.1
402.9
0.0
0.3
30.5
0.0
283.7
30.5
6.9
0.0
0.0
22.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
249.2
7.6
0.6
0.7
0.0
8.5
97.9
0.8
9.2
5.5
115.3
0.0
0.0
0.5
194.5
1.5
0.0
28.9
0.0
0.0
146.6
0.3
1.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
7.2
0.8
0.1
91.3
12.6
24.7
4.2
0.7
0.4
0.0
0.0
17.4
345.8
0.0
15.4
0.1
0.0
6.9
13.6
0.0
14.4
3.4
0.0
20.7
0.1
0.0
1.8
2.6
0.0
4.7
983.9
0.0
0.0
255.6
0.0
700.5
0.0
27.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,390.5
17.4
22.5
774.5
69.3
126.1
25.3
16.6
6.9
0.3
12.2
0.0
0.0
7.9
1,214.4
0.0
0.0
287.0
0.0
103.4
0.0
6.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
546.7
1.2
1.1
275.3
31.8
63.6
33.1
43.7
0.5
0.0
7.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
1,126.1
0.0
0.0
669.8
0.0
369.9
0.0
52.8
0.0
0.0
23.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
46.2
0.1
0.7
7.7
0.5
8.7
3.3
2.0
3.4
6.1
13.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
198.8
0.3
0.0
192.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.2
2,428.0
0.2
311.7
817.7
86.6
10.7
0.5
5.1
0.0
0.0
11.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
375.8
0.0
0.0
127.7
0.0
0.0
606.9
0.0
47.6
706.6
0.0
0.0
154.4
0.0
5.5
868.3
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
Appendix table 4-31

All federal
firms FFRDC
Agency
Administration
117.2
0.0
1,672.3
151.9
311.1
6.4
0.0
20.3
0.0
0.0
0.0

All other agencies
17.5
0.0
5.4
96.8
153.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
99.6
0.0
80.5
0.0
119.3
6.4
0.0
20.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
127.4
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Universities
and colleges
0.1
0.0
10.8
37.7
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Other
University
FFRDCs nonprofits
0.0
0.0
614.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Nonprofit
FFRDCs
State, local
governments Foreign
0.0
0.0
0.0
17.4
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
834.0
0.0
34.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
*
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
829.6
74.7
0.0
46.3
74.7
0.0
49.2
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
510.4
0.0
0.0
92.3
0.0
0.0
128.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
2.0
FFRDC = federally funded research and development center

aIncludes costs
associated with administration of intramural and extramural programs by federal personnel and actual intramural performance.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Agencies with total annual R&D of $100 million or more. Includes obligations from the additional federal R&D funding
appropriated by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. All other agencies includes Department of Housing and Urban Development, Department of Labor,
Department of State, Department of the Treasury, Appalachian Regional Commission, Federal Communications Commission, Federal Trade Commission, Library of Congress,
National Archives and Records Commission, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Social Security Administration.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Federal Funds for Research and Development: FY 200911.
Appendix table 4-32

Discrepancy between federal R&D support, as reported by performers and federal agencies: 19852009
(Billions of dollars)
Business performersa
Performer
Agency
All performers
Performer
Agency
Year
reported
reported
Difference
reported
reported
Difference
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
52.6
54.6
58.6
60.1
60.5
61.6
60.8
60.9
60.5
60.8
63.0
63.4
64.6
66.4
67.1
66.9
75.0
80.1
86.1
91.7
96.3
100.8
105.8
117.6
124.4
48.4
51.4
55.3
56.8
61.4
63.6
61.3
65.6
67.3
67.2
68.2
67.7
69.8
72.1
75.3
75.9
84.5
93.7
103.5
112.1
118.9
121.7
127.3
127.1
133.3
4.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
-0.9
-2.0
-0.5
-4.7
-6.8
-6.4
-5.2
-4.3
-5.2
-5.7
-8.2
-9.0
-9.5
-13.6
-17.4
-20.4
-22.6
-20.9
-21.5
-9.5
-8.9
25.3
26.0
28.8
28.2
26.4
25.8
24.1
22.4
20.8
20.3
21.2
21.4
21.8
22.1
20.5
17.1
16.9
16.4
17.8
20.3
21.9
24.3
26.6
36.4
39.6
21.7
24.2
26.8
26.7
28.6
29.4
26.4
29.8
30.2
30.5
30.2
30.4
31.4
32.0
31.9
29.4
28.2
34.6
40.7
43.8
48.9
52.8
55.3
56.3
53.3
3.6
1.8
2.0
1.5
-2.2
-3.6
-2.3
-7.4
-9.4
-10.2
-9.0
-9.0
-9.6
-9.9
-11.4
-12.3
-11.3
-18.2
-22.9
-23.5
-27.0
-28.5
-28.7
-19.9
-13.7
aExcludes industry-administered federally
funded research and development centers.
NOTE: Performer-reported data are expenditures; agency-reported data are obligations.

SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NSF/NCSES), National Patterns of R&D Resources
(annual series); and NSF/NCSES, Federal Funds for Research and Development: FY 200911.
Appendix table 4-33

Federally funded research and development centers, R&D expenditures: FY 2008 and FY 2009
(Thousands of current dollars)
FY 2008
FFRDC
FY 2009
Total
14,707,088
Federal funding
14,262,947
Total
15,220,621
Federal funding
14,784,361
University-administered FFRDCs
Ames Laboratory
Argonne National Laboratory
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
MA Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory
National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center
National Center for Atmospheric Research
National Optical Astronomy Observatory
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Software Engineering Institute
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
4,701,645
27,306
533,530
340,486
1,733,597
573,917
641,386
12,586
161,130
55,922
146,098
78,154
234,316
80,963
82,254
4,550,332
27,306
487,641
336,123
1,733,597
519,756
637,879
12,418
139,667
50,165
145,953
78,039
234,316
66,721
80,751
4,958,944
29,012
543,169
376,791
1,711,528
611,711
706,555
14,738
203,627
56,972
151,396
81,113
294,421
89,077
88,834
Nonprofit-administered FFRDCs
Aerospace FFRDC
Arroyo Center
Brookhaven National Laboratory
C3I FFRDC
Center for Advanced Aviation System Development
Center for Communications and Computing
3,689,108
38,940
23,852
480,455
52,053
7,470
59,500
3,536,795
16,349
23,852
459,348
52,053
7,470
59,500
3,827,802
41,470
27,692
569,240
46,790
10,575
66,293
All FFRDCs
Center for Enterprise Modernizationa

Center for Naval Analyses
Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses
Homeland Security Instituteb
Sponsoring agency
na
Location
na
4,811,485
29,012
498,847
374,668
1,711,528
555,842
704,050
14,032
177,877
52,089
149,960
80,985
294,421
80,618
87,556
na
NASA
DOD, Department of the Air Force
NSF
NSF
NSF
NSF
DOD, Office of the Secretary of Defense
na
Ames, IA
Argonne, IL
Batavia, IL
Pasadena, CA
Berkeley, CA
Lexington, MA
Arecibo, PR
Boulder, CO
Tucson, AZ
Green Bank, WV
Princeton, NJ
Stanford, CA
Pittsburgh, PA
Newport News, VA
3,687,331
14,386
27,692
545,267
46,790
10,575
66,293
na
DOD, Department of the Army
FAA
National Security Agency
na
El Segundo, CA
Santa Monica, CA
Upton, NY
Bedford, MA/McLean, VA
McLean, VA
Alexandria, VA
9,679
9,679
7,458
7,458
106,967
17,960
94,552
17,169
109,694
16,614
95,128
15,715
IRS
McLean, VA
DOD, Department of the Navy

Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Alexandria, VA
San Antonio, TX
Arlington, VA
27,400
27,400
na
na
Homeland Security Studies and Analysis Instituteb
na
na
32,173
32,173
Arlington, VA
Homeland Security Systems Engineering and Development Instituteb
na
na
1,559
1,559
McLean, VA
National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Centerc

National Defense Research Institute
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Project Air Force
The Science and Technology Policy Institute
Studies and Analyses Center
Industry-administered FFRDCs
Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory
12,979
12,979
19,934
19,934
Frederick, MD
40,051
229,399
1,251,336
1,136,773
41,794
6,000
146,500
40,051
219,296
1,205,784
1,097,019
41,794
6,000
146,500
42,265
273,640
1,259,259
1,086,884
45,162
5,100
166,000
42,265
264,828
1,217,301
1,063,705
45,162
5,100
166,000

NSF
Santa Monica, CA
Golden, CO
Oak Ridge, TN
Richland, WA
Santa Monica, CA
Washington, DC
Alexandria, VA
6,316,335
236,037
6,175,820
224,273
6,433,875
388,062
6,285,545
372,502
na
na
Idaho Falls, ID
Appendix table 4-33

Federally funded research and development centers, R&D expenditures: FY 2008 and FY 2009
(Thousands of current dollars)
FY 2008
FFRDC
d
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

e
Los Alamos National Laboratory

NCI Frederick Cancer R&D Center
Sandia National Laboratory
Savannah River Technology Center
FY 2009
Total
Federal funding
Total
Federal funding
Sponsoring agency
Location
1,301,874
1,248,594
1,321,633
1,261,769
Livermore, CA
2,073,538
2,051,550
2,172,179
2,141,950
Los Alamos, NM
509,700
2,076,786
118,400
509,700
2,023,303
118,400
378,200
2,043,509
130,292
378,200
2,000,832
130,292
NIH
Frederick, MD
Albuquerque, NM
Aiken, SC
na = not applicable
DOD = Department of Defense; FAA = Federal Aviation Administration; FFRDC = federally funded research and development center; IRS = Internal Revenue Service; NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NCI =
National Cancer Institute; NIH = National Institutes of Health; NSF = National Science Foundation
aIn
prior year tables the Center for Enterprise Modernization was listed as the Internal Revenue Service FFRDC.
5 March 2009 Homeland Security Studies and Analysis Institute and Homeland Security Systems Engineering and Development Institute were created. These new FFRDCs replaced Homeland Security Institute.
cNational Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center was established as an FFRDC by Department of Homeland Security on 20 December 2006.
dPrior to FY 2008, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was administered by University of California. On 1 October 2007 administration was transferred to Lawrence Livermore National Security LLC.
ePrior to FY 2007 Los Alamos National Laboratory was administered by University of California. On 1 June 2006 administration was transferred to Los Alamos National Security LLC.
bOn
NOTES: Totals differ from those reported in tables 4-1 and 4-3 for FFRDCs because data in tables 4-1 and 4-3 have been adjusted from a fiscal-year basis to a calendar-year basis.
More information about the FFRDCs can be found on NSF website, http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/ffrdc/.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at FFRDCs, FY 2009.
Science and Engineering Statistics 2012
Appendix table 4-34

Federal obligations for research, by agency and S&E field: FY 2009
Agency
All agencies
Departments
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of Interior
Department of Labor
Department of State
Department of the Treasury
Other agencies
Appalachian Regional Commission
Federal Communications Commission
Federal Trade Commission
Library of Congress
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Archives and Records Administration
Social Security Administration
All agencies
Departments
Mathematics and
computer
sciences Physical sciences
Life sciences
Current $thousands
33,267,736
3,612,518
5,823,381
All federal
obligations
Environmental
sciences
63,708,807
3,751,416
2,077,954
959,104
6,806,471
202,641
7,188,114
35,489,910
347,202
11,651
657,608
80,864
29,198
3,724
586,739
67,042
477,300
19,339
316,256
390,476
0
373,426
544,843
4,249
0
421,941
0
0
0
34,573
0
0
1,737,019
115,249
923,807
12,486
349,151
27,929,657
91,496
0
210,350
5,980
0
0
36,249
0
401,060
9,608
84,502
913,224
0
1,002,197
187,062
49,293
0
8,970
25,408
0
0
34,056
0
0
160,129
991
468,074
6,879
2,389
483
1,703,453
4,620
6,095,193
61,198
152,000
67,878
3,212
0
162,648
0
0
0
395,168
50
1,078,815
0
6,419
0
140,976
0
219,247
0
0
0
96,740
0
933,678
0
64,592
0
0
0
11,321
525
0
0
28,855
4,500
1,252,996
0
0
0
100.0
5.9
52.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.9
33.0
5.7
0.0
5.2
1.5
1.2
83.6
12.0
13.6
6.2
4.9
78.7
26.4
Psychology
Social
sciences
Other
sciences, nec
Engineering
2,086,663
1,159,294
3,713,351
10,294,449
105,838
204,357
832,854
0
2,612,466
296,785
42,679
0
1,647
3,053
0
0
95
2,134
0
0
615
69,367
11,183
0
1,904,199
10,940
0
0
0
0
0
18,727
0
54,263
160,130
19,104
38,921
172,621
0
293,782
18,041
11,589
6,922
36,870
24,740
3,724
11,724
0
0
0
18,313
144,988
0
375,244
2,579,461
21,216
36
268
0
4,458
0
44,269
64,908
0
46,019
200,708
3,492,833
6,351
2,475,629
1,754,122
109,288
26
7,511
9,552
0
0
407,046
0
21,977
0
0
12,901
1,050
0
483
468,501
70
1,181,285
0
57,182
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6,316
0
11,053
0
0
0
10,060
991
2,300
1,884
2,389
0
314
0
252,761
0
22,550
67,878
5,881
0
0
0
0
0
87,096
0
365,957
0
1,257
0
0
0
59,657
3,420
0
0
620,463
0
1,018,649
61,198
0
0
3.3
1.8
5.8
16.2
0.0
0.1
1.0
5.5
0.0
5.4
3.2
7.7
2.0
0.6
85.2
0.0
0.8
5.2
0.0
1.9
2.1
0.0
5.2
7.3
6.1
2.2
20.9
51.3
3.1
34.4
4.9
31.5
Share by field, percent

5.7
9.1
0.5
8.8
13.4
0.0
13.9
0.5
14.2
5.1
21.3
12.2
0.0
36.3
0.8
12.3
Appendix table 4-34

Federal obligations for research, by agency and S&E field: FY 2009
Agency
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Department of Interior
Department of Labor
Department of State
Department of the Treasury
Other agencies
Appalachian Regional Commission
Federal Communications Commission
Federal Trade Commission
Library of Congress
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
National Archives and Records Administration
Social Security Administration
Mathematics and
computer
sciences Physical sciences
Life sciences
All federal
obligations
Environmental
sciences
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
64.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
32.0
7.4
0.0
0.0
6.2
0.0
84.0
0.0
1.4
31.4
0.0
0.0
5.8
0.0
0.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.0
0.0
34.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
23.2
1.1
17.7
0.0
4.2
0.0
88.0
0.0
46.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.7
0.0
15.3
0.0
42.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
7.6
0.0
0.0
1.7
97.4
20.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
Psychology
Social
sciences
Other
sciences, nec
Engineering
0.0
0.3
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
11.4
99.5
1.1
45.6
84.7
100.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
15.3
0.0
7.5
96.8
0.0
0.2
1.1
11.8
0.0
0.0
69.4
0.0
4.6
0.0
0.0
2.8
15.3
0.0
100.0
27.5
1.5
19.4
0.0
37.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.3
100.0
0.5
27.4
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.1
0.0
14.8
100.0
3.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.1
0.0
6.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.7
49.7
0.0
0.0
36.4
0.0
16.7
100.0
0.0
0.0
nec = not elsewhere classified

NOTES: Research includes basic research and applied research. Includes obligations from the additional federal R&D funding appropriated by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Federal Funds for Research and Development: FY 200911
Appendix table 4-35

Federal obligations for research, by detailed S&E field: Selected years, FY 19892009
Average annual growth rates
in major fields
Field of science and engineering
Total, all fields
Environmental sciences
Geological sciences
Oceanography
Environmental sciences, nec
Life sciences
Biological and agricultural
Agricultural
Biological (excluding environmental)
Environmental biology
Medical sciences
Clinical medical
Other medical
Life sciences, nec
Mathematics and computer sciences
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Mathematics and computer sciences, nec
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Physical sciences, nec
Psychology
Biological aspects
Social aspects
Psychological sciences, nec
Social sciences
Anthropology
Economics
Political science
Sociology
Social sciences, nec
History
Linguistics
Other sciences, nec
Engineering
Aeronautical
1989
1994
1999
20,765.5
1,773.2
588.0
542.8
491.9
150.5
8,495.1
5,020.0
669.0
3,983.2
367.8
3,222.5
na
na
252.6
735.4
364.6
236.1
134.8
3,705.2
541.9
782.6
2,190.8
189.9
421.7
121.8
149.9
149.9
551.0
13.9
166.8
13.5
94.1
262.8
na
na
na
641.6
4,442.2
986.8
27,411.2
2,838.2
1,095.0
838.0
496.8
408.5
11,284.3
6,103.0
727.2
4,745.8
629.9
4,862.1
na
na
319.3
1,301.6
830.2
342.3
129.1
4,253.5
747.6
874.4
2,443.1
188.3
548.4
48.1
116.8
383.4
647.4
16.2
193.3
25.4
68.1
344.4
na
na
na
1,058.4
5,479.4
1,222.7
33,527.5
3,095.3
1,176.5
660.2
656.6
602.0
15,422.5
8,047.7
849.4
6,477.6
720.6
6,801.2
na
na
573.6
1,980.6
1,516.1
345.3
119.2
4,066.2
757.9
814.9
2,221.9
271.4
632.6
18.0
66.6
547.9
854.9
18.3
216.6
20.2
83.8
516.0
na
na
na
1,212.1
6,263.4
1,609.7
2004
2005
2006
Current $millions
53,357.8 53,738.2 53,535.7
3,741.6
3,502.6
3,430.6
1,259.7
1,185.1
1,166.9
704.5
673.5
653.9
809.1
771.5
745.8
968.4
872.5
864.0
27,728.5 28,127.8 27,927.7
14,848.7 15,144.8 15,485.6
1,086.8
1,094.2
1,108.2
13,091.9 13,351.6 13,690.8
670.0
699.0
686.6
10,898.8 10,862.1 10,592.2
na
na
na
na
na
na
1,981.0
2,120.9
1,849.9
2,949.4
2,983.4
2,814.9
2,144.9
2,157.1
1,987.8
617.8
686.6
669.2
186.7
139.7
157.9
5,211.1
5,493.7
5,351.1
920.8
884.9
792.5
1,191.0
1,197.5
1,126.4
2,598.6
3,041.3
3,001.8
500.8
370.0
430.5
1,854.9
1,891.8
1,747.3
6.0
2.3
3.0
51.7
46.6
40.9
1,797.2
1,842.8
1,703.4
1,089.6
1,097.1
1,123.9
15.0
18.0
15.1
204.6
215.9
202.6
18.7
32.7
44.6
120.1
70.2
144.2
731.2
760.4
717.4
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
1,916.3
2,088.9
2,461.3
8,866.4
8,552.9
8,678.7
1,640.8
1,276.3
1,229.2
2007
2008
2009
54,093.6
3,170.5
964.6
638.0
787.8
780.1
29,463.6
16,326.3
1,139.4
14,429.7
757.2
10,790.7
na
na
2,346.5
2,945.7
2,077.7
708.6
159.4
5,136.1
655.9
1,149.9
2,939.2
391.1
1,837.9
3.8
36.8
1,797.3
1,147.1
16.1
250.0
41.2
217.6
622.2
na
na
na
1,403.1
8,989.7
929.2
53,893.7
2,984.6
884.5
517.5
788.7
793.9
28,918.8
na
1,020.3
14,443.1
858.0
10,387.3
na
na
2,210.1
3,047.3
2,053.0
782.9
211.4
5,072.6
527.9
1,148.4
2,968.9
427.4
1,740.8
21.8
18.8
1,700.3
977.0
17.4
212.3
29.2
95.2
622.9
na
na
na
2,177.1
8,975.5
810.3
63,708.8
3,751.4
1,018.2
754.2
834.2
1,144.8
33,267.7
na
1,120.4
17,377.0
963.7
11,392.7
na
na
2,414.0
3,612.5
2,422.5
928.1
261.8
5,823.4
671.6
1,274.4
3,357.8
519.6
2,086.7
2.2
50.9
2,033.7
1,159.3
29.4
232.6
24.6
138.8
733.9
na
na
na
3,713.4
10,294.4
910.7
19892009 19992009 200409

Percent
5.8
6.6
3.6
3.8
1.9
0.1
7.1
8.0
3.7
8.3
6.2
4.1
2.3
3.7
2.2
8.3
12.7
2.4
3.8
3.1
1.2
9.2
11.8
14.1
4.3
5.1
3.0
Appendix table 4-35

in major fields
Astronautical
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Mechanical
Metallurgy and materials
Engineering, nec
Total, all fields
Geological sciences
Oceanography
Environmental sciences, nec
Life sciences
Biological and agricultural
Agricultural
Biological (excluding environmental)
Environmental biology
Medical sciences
Clinical medical
Other medical
Life sciences, nec
Mathematics and computer sciences
Computer sciences
Mathematics
Mathematics and computer sciences, nec
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Physical sciences, nec
Psychology
Biological aspects
Social aspects
Psychological sciences, nec
Social sciences
Anthropology
Economics
Political science
Sociology
1989
677.4
142.2
229.8
843.1
257.4
521.0
784.5
1994
499.1
238.2
277.9
741.8
378.1
851.4
1,270.2
1999
620.6
203.2
328.5
698.7
240.4
788.0
1,774.3
29,861.2
2,549.9
845.6
780.6
707.4
216.4
12,216.1
7,218.9
962.0
5,727.9
528.9
4,634.0
na
na
363.2
1,057.5
524.3
339.5
193.8
5,328.2
779.3
1,125.4
3,150.4
273.1
606.4
175.2
215.6
215.6
792.3
20.0
239.9
19.4
135.3
34,204.1
3,541.6
1,366.4
1,045.7
619.9
509.7
14,080.7
7,615.4
907.4
5,921.9
786.0
6,067.0
na
na
398.4
1,624.2
1,035.9
427.1
161.1
5,307.6
932.9
1,091.1
3,048.5
235.0
684.3
60.0
145.7
478.4
807.8
20.2
241.2
31.7
85.0
38,462.2
3,550.9
1,349.7
757.4
753.2
690.6
17,692.4
9,232.2
974.4
7,431.0
826.7
7,802.2
na
na
658.0
2,272.1
1,739.2
396.1
136.7
4,664.7
869.5
934.8
2,548.9
311.3
725.7
20.6
76.4
628.5
980.7
21.0
248.5
23.2
96.1
2004
664.9
318.8
330.3
890.9
301.9
1,037.2
3,681.6
2005
494.1
283.8
279.2
1,033.5
323.7
1,184.1
3,678.3
2006
476.3
294.6
352.7
1,035.5
298.2
1,250.0
3,742.3
2007
341.0
353.8
461.5
1,027.5
337.2
1,479.8
4,059.8
2008
288.1
345.6
488.0
1,046.5
292.4
1,623.9
4,080.8
2009
371.1
447.1
678.9
1,255.1
314.5
1,723.4
4,593.5
Constant FY 2005 $millions

55,098.9 53,738.2 51,765.3
3,863.7
3,502.6
3,317.2
1,300.8
1,185.1
1,128.3
727.5
673.5
632.3
835.5
771.5
721.1
1,000.0
872.5
835.4
28,633.3 28,127.8 27,004.2
15,333.2 15,144.8 14,973.5
1,122.3
1,094.2
1,071.6
13,519.1 13,351.6 13,238.1
691.9
699.0
663.9
11,254.4 10,862.1 10,241.9
na
na
na
na
na
na
2,045.6
2,120.9
1,788.7
3,045.6
2,983.4
2,721.8
2,214.9
2,157.1
1,922.1
638.0
686.6
647.1
192.8
139.7
152.7
5,381.1
5,493.7
5,174.1
950.8
884.9
766.3
1,229.9
1,197.5
1,089.2
2,683.4
3,041.3
2,902.5
517.1
370.0
416.3
1,915.4
1,891.8
1,689.5
6.2
2.3
2.9
53.4
46.6
39.5
1,855.8
1,842.8
1,647.1
1,125.2
1,097.1
1,086.7
15.5
18.0
14.6
211.3
215.9
195.9
19.3
32.7
43.1
124.0
70.2
139.4
50,773.0
2,975.9
905.4
598.8
739.4
732.2
27,655.0
15,324.1
1,069.5
13,543.9
710.7
10,128.3
na
na
2,202.5
2,764.9
1,950.2
665.1
149.6
4,820.8
615.6
1,079.3
2,758.8
367.1
1,725.1
3.6
34.5
1,687.0
1,076.7
15.1
234.7
38.7
204.2
49,452.8
2,738.7
811.6
474.9
723.7
728.5
26,535.9
na
936.2
13,253.0
787.3
9,531.4
na
na
2,028.0
2,796.2
1,883.8
718.4
194.0
4,654.6
484.4
1,053.8
2,724.3
392.2
1,597.4
20.0
17.3
1,560.2
896.5
16.0
194.8
26.8
87.4
57,691.6
3,397.1
922.0
683.0
755.4
1,036.7
30,125.6
na
1,014.6
15,735.8
872.7
NA
na
na
2,186.0
3,271.3
2,193.7
840.4
237.1
5,273.4
608.2
1,154.0
3,040.7
470.5
1,889.6
2.0
46.1
1,841.6
1,049.8
26.6
210.6
22.3
125.7
19892009 19992009 200409
3.3
1.4
4.6
5.8
-0.1
5.8
1.4
4.1
-0.4
5.5
3.7
1.2
10.0
0.7
0.9
-2.5
1.0
1.4
-0.4
-0.3
-1.4
Appendix table 4-35

in major fields
Social sciences, nec
History
Linguistics
Other sciences, nec
Engineering
Aeronautical
Astronautical
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Mechanical
Metallurgy and materials
Engineering, nec
1989
377.9
na
na
na
922.6
6,388.0
1,419.0
974.1
204.5
330.5
1,212.4
370.1
749.2
1,128.1
1994
429.7
na
na
na
1,320.7
6,837.3
1,525.7
622.8
297.2
346.8
925.6
471.8
1,062.4
1,585.0
1999
591.9
na
na
na
1,390.5
7,185.3
1,846.6
711.9
233.1
376.8
801.5
275.8
904.0
2,035.4
2004
755.1
na
na
na
1,978.8
9,155.7
1,694.3
686.6
329.2
341.1
920.0
311.8
1,071.0
3,801.7
2005
760.4
na
na
na
2,088.9
8,552.9
1,276.3
494.1
283.8
279.2
1,033.5
323.7
1,184.1
3,678.3
2006
693.7
na
na
na
2,379.9
8,391.7
1,188.6
460.5
284.9
341.0
1,001.3
288.3
1,208.7
3,618.5
2007
584.0
na
na
na
1,317.0
8,437.9
872.2
320.1
332.1
433.2
964.4
316.5
1,389.0
3,810.6
2008
571.6
na
na
na
1,997.7
8,235.9
743.5
264.4
317.1
447.8
960.3
268.3
1,490.1
3,744.5
2009
664.6
na
na
na
3,362.7
9,322.1
824.7
336.0
404.9
614.8
1,136.6
284.8
1,560.6
4,159.6
19892009 19992009 200409
6.7
9.2
11.2
1.9
2.6
0.4
NA = not available, data collected for this table were not recorded at that level in that particular fiscal year; na = not applicable, data collected for this table were not recorded at that level in that particular fiscal year,
or agency or subagency did not exist as such or in that organization in that year; nec = not elsewhere classified
NOTES: During the Volume 45 (FY 199597) survey cycle, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) made a statistical adjustment to the 1994 and 1995 field of science and engineering values to
diminish a computational error introduced by its software. In FY 2000, NASA reclassified Space Station as a physical asset, reclassified Space Station Research as equipment, and transferred funding for the
program from R&D to R&D plant; and National Institutes of Health reclassified all its development activities as research. Figures for FY 2009 include obligations from the additional federal R&D funding appropriated
by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act .
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development: FY 200911.
Appendix table 4-36

Federal research and experimentation tax credit claims, by NAICS industry: 19982008
(Thousands of current U.S. dollars)
Industry
All industries
Manufacturing
Food
Textiles, apparel, and leather
Wood products
Paper, printing, and support activities
Chemicals
Primary metals
Machinery
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and
control instruments
Motor vehicles, trailers, and parts
Medical equipment and supplies
Nonmanufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Wholesale trade and retail trade
Information
Publishing
Software
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Scientific R&D services
NAICS code
na
3133
311
312
31316
321
322, 323
324
325
3254
326
327
331
332
333
334
3341
3342
3344
1998
5,208,204
3,394,758
26,618
16,433
6,676
1,352
47,729
20,447
861,290
628,384
20,934
11,249
6,768
23,808
178,546
1,144,966
345,842
362,243
338,138
1999
5,280,612
3,890,851
28,274
8,486
8,992
1,596
34,566
9,532
960,698
713,343
26,256
10,714
6,548
24,698
130,311
1,566,081
587,412
432,632
426,997
2000
7,078,533
4,854,499
37,091
7,877
7,828
1,999
34,822
NA
1,070,257
800,555
25,050
8,441
6,191
23,403
148,768
2,209,996
691,381
650,859
739,597
2001
6,355,803
4,208,607
33,716
12,115
7,787
1,974
59,463
34,959
999,405
805,558
18,884
9,735
6,010
24,243
154,210
1,677,194
487,777
433,269
567,390
2002
5,655,666
3,787,025
30,971
19,204
12,286
2,073
64,289
36,257
949,115
777,856
24,218
9,516
8,096
27,912
148,668
1,152,788
380,276
220,147
411,723
2003
5,488,337
3,797,439
49,120
3,114
12,091
1,735
68,927
39,400
1,001,644
736,269
21,245
9,670
8,077
59,387
134,808
1,168,467
386,140
212,289
461,353
2004
5,554,011
3,845,792
50,836
5,129
11,179
1,736
55,476
21,545
989,278
757,626
22,596
8,587
7,756
66,597
182,417
1,490,633
312,726
213,885
841,903
2005
6,363,476
4,529,302
71,132
9,952
7,944
2,163
49,864
28,506
1,147,292
915,201
24,796
9,770
10,282
66,794
194,382
1,647,471
304,176
285,865
917,103
2006
7,311,124
5,242,803
82,879
8,971
8,973
7,113
54,044
25,700
1,136,754
901,555
23,517
9,051
19,989
72,969
662,624
1,746,744
344,322
386,090
855,986
2007
8,259,753
5,685,322
76,498
25,197
7,707
7,997
68,185
92,216
1,492,231
1,224,825
30,419
10,285
36,863
83,261
292,349
1,889,734
498,230
393,950
824,571
2008
8,303,369
5,758,082
80,719
12,844
9,042
5,016
68,643
99,858
1,489,383
1,199,930
31,366
12,283
32,098
74,863
339,851
1,812,225
523,865
333,570
771,314
3345
335
336
336163
3364
337
339
3391
na
11
21
22
23
42, 44, 45
48, 49
51
511
5112
51517
52, 53
54
5413
5415
5417
67,640
119,076
747,814
612,475
108,370
7,256
153,797
130,882
1,813,446
11,859
9,163
21,916
2,286
139,605
14,237
1,019,710
698,709
686,171
198,150
93,988
419,791
14,567
230,416
149,916
81,700
136,135
778,059
663,472
95,697
6,217
153,688
132,983
1,389,761
10,494
3,700
18,403
6,744
123,894
13,664
634,298
277,080
263,723
187,928
111,181
417,648
33,776
170,514
174,422
72,234
177,767
902,710
761,718
122,514
7,497
161,798
137,501
2,224,034
3,927
14,650
10,340
13,031
186,537
20,840
1,146,524
707,071
685,882
211,282
141,445
611,640
42,999
261,491
254,308
138,872
180,985
785,699
638,560
130,821
8,899
193,330
155,124
2,147,196
3,024
9,669
8,546
9,360
186,162
16,186
1,001,296
623,170
603,049
184,987
126,025
649,801
43,499
231,064
307,839
100,472
163,536
957,277
590,750
348,498
10,374
170,444
146,312
1,868,642
3,491
7,199
6,307
11,060
193,814
13,722
801,073
493,094
477,847
171,659
96,250
576,581
28,175
177,596
320,343
72,156
117,260
896,992
649,790
220,374
6,610
198,891
171,825
1,690,898
4,499
18,137
4,496
11,002
198,050
12,681
633,275
357,528
336,344
159,731
99,507
549,141
23,408
156,691
315,495
84,895
122,723
581,824
458,674
105,060
10,788
216,693
181,375
1,708,219
4,220
6,937
10,241
4,884
211,484
11,515
599,795
275,870
261,122
180,412
112,798
609,019
33,804
147,257
376,084
102,219
188,450
825,671
680,488
129,979
18,593
226,240
198,289
1,834,174
4,183
5,408
20,454
3,424
235,402
9,040
636,462
285,544
273,545
201,791
129,052
651,093
42,384
170,262
378,617
113,202
229,079
906,354
725,902
169,710
19,622
228,420
201,431
2,068,321
4,205
13,583
32,508
7,353
284,845
8,473
733,840
361,218
351,279
140,571
137,071
725,855
37,566
167,017
445,760
127,835
168,715
1,107,105
596,233
486,733
14,704
281,857
241,958
2,574,431
3,934
29,589
54,410
15,000
387,167
12,334
912,435
492,719
482,232
162,183
164,868
853,119
46,980
230,015
481,052
146,251
217,724
1,180,968
494,280
659,976
11,240
279,958
241,822
2,545,288
5,054
29,997
48,855
10,278
430,098
10,593
944,284
579,940
558,749
150,860
150,052
787,671
50,604
228,503
465,043
Appendix table 4-36

Federal research and experimentation tax credit claims, by NAICS industry: 19982008
(Thousands of current U.S. dollars)
Industry
Administrative and waste services
NAICS code
55
56
62
1998
43,108
NA
NA
1999
12,537
NA
NA
2000
36,706
NA
NA
2001
82,295
26,060
22,102
2002
100,337
25,914
24,105
2003
94,894
30,788
29,356
2004
92,007
18,956
20,796
2005
94,833
11,859
23,609
2006
76,846
12,405
22,526
2007
90,557
13,291
28,478
2008
62,091
22,373
36,625
na = not applicable; NA = not available

NOTES: Estimates are based on a stratified probability sample of unaudited active returns and are subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Data are for tax years, which cover accounting periods ending any month between July of the
calendar year of reference through June of the following calendar year. Data include returns of active corporations, other than forms 1120S (S corporations), 1120-REIT (Real Estate Investment Trusts), and 1120-RIC (Regulated
Investment Companies). Active returns are corporate returns reporting any income or deduction items, including tax-exempt interest.
SOURCE: Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Statistics of Income (SOI), special tabulations (2011).
Appendix table 4-37

Corporate tax returns claiming the federal research and experimentation tax credit, by NAICS industry: 19982008
(Number)
Industry
All industries
Manufacturing
Food
Textiles, apparel, and leather
Wood products
Paper, printing, and support activities
Chemicals
Primary metals
Machinery
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments
Motor vehicles, trailers, and parts
Nonmanufacturing
Utilities
Construction
Wholesale trade and retail trade
Information
Publishing
Software
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Scientific R&D services
NAICS code
na
3133
311
312
31316
321
322, 323
324
325
3254
326
327
331
332
333
334
3341
3342
3344
3345
335
336
336163
3364
337
339
3391
na
11
21
22
23
42, 44, 45
48, 49
51
511
5112
51517
52, 53
54
5413
5415
5417
1998
9,849
4,990
105
10
41
34
127
26
711
381
163
42
31
368
446
1,623
279
424
555
291
418
162
80
43
43
639
382
4,859
55
15
44
31
392
18
953
635
612
111
109
2,383
142
741
1,298
1999
10,019
4,721
99
8
41
29
101
27
580
250
113
36
36
310
417
1,626
252
377
539
304
401
125
72
34
38
734
488
5,298
36
12
34
33
751
17
1,466
858
840
206
98
2,645
211
1,193
929
2000
10,495
4,826
122
7
36
26
110
NA
564
247
108
36
55
271
450
1,617
245
285
596
331
397
195
84
47
57
751
433
5,669
39
15
29
11
608
21
1,506
913
890
182
109
2,959
163
1,329
1,122
2001
10,389
4,766
132
10
31
31
78
30
650
297
118
27
43
260
425
1,604
346
345
552
209
411
186
83
53
32
699
431
5,623
35
44
23
15
693
19
1,502
975
952
179
124
2,887
136
1,204
1,190
2002
10,254
4,750
135
10
30
23
97
28
634
275
97
29
43
220
388
1,663
320
312
564
318
536
191
117
46
60
566
353
5,504
51
20
18
31
616
17
1,242
835
816
203
208
2,900
98
1,230
1,200
2003
10,369
4,623
121
10
39
16
86
29
593
267
116
42
44
273
344
1,565
256
287
482
408
516
201
130
44
20
608
380
5,746
60
21
18
20
594
17
1,149
761
442
167
206
3,446
326
1,340
1,276
2004
10,244
4,686
135
10
38
14
86
27
600
314
123
37
39
287
505
1,429
265
234
492
331
497
192
133
43
21
645
428
5,558
40
22
17
21
812
23
977
689
656
144
150
3,304
377
1,219
1,435
2005
11,290
4,921
162
10
30
15
104
19 *
536
264
168
58
78
338
474
1,343
279
235
494
272
768
242
158
65
39
538
376
6,369
61
19
37
18
718
43
1,076
592
565
229
157
3,335
415
1,215
1,431
2006
10,788
5,106
132
8
67
45
114
21 *
648
292
189
49
79
336
501
1,266
158
272
408
325
622
269
166
81
74
685
443
5,682
72
17
47
29
832
39
1,025
611
583
203
189
2,961
238
927
1,467
2007
12,548
5,636
166
12
65
40
97
33
700
347
183
54
101
462
591
1,394
199
238
471
400
726
289
182
84
78
646
420
6,912
100
36
78
59
829
33
1,257
544
515
220
227
3,699
452
1,279
1,587
2008
12,736
5,420
163
18
83
14
96
40
701
343
202
70
116
457
651
1,319
212
210
400
357
555
291
175
82
70
575
347
7,316
83
36
129
56
865
58
1,132
699
673
169
267
3,932
637
1,442
1,476
Appendix table 4-37

Corporate tax returns claiming the federal research and experimentation tax credit, by NAICS industry: 19982008
(Number)
Industry
Administrative and waste services
NAICS code
55
56
62
1998
55
NA
NA
1999
39
NA
NA
2000
66
NA
NA
2001
52
47
137
2002
55
31
73
2003
50
82
64
2004
70
23
70
2005
326
420
106
2006
137
183
80
2007
178
197
80
* = Estimate should be used with caution because of the small number of returns on which it was based; na = not applicable; NA = not available
NOTES: Estimates are based on a stratified probability sample of unaudited active returns and are subject to sampling and nonsampling errors. Data are for tax years, which cover accounting periods ending any month between
July of the calendar year of reference through June of the following calendar year. Data include returns of active corporations, other than forms 1120S (S corporations), 1120-REIT (Real Estate Investment Trusts), and 1120-RIC
(Regulated Investment Companies). Active returns are corporate returns reporting any income or deduction items, including tax-exempt interest.
SOURCE: Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Statistics of Income (SOI), special tabulations (2011).
2008
276
288
81
Appendix table 4-38

Federal technology transfer activity indicators, U.S. agencies with federal labs: FY 200109
Agency
Invention disclosures and patenting
All 10 agencies
Inventions disclosed
Patent applications filed
Patents issued
USDA
Patents issued
DOC
Patents issued
DOD
Patents issued
DOE
Patents issued
EPA
Patents issued
HHS
Patents issued
DHS
Patents issued
DOI
Patents issued
NASA
Patents issued
DOT
Patents issued
VA
Patents issued
Licensing
All 10 agencies
All licenses, total active in the FY
Invention licenses
Other intellectual property licenses
USDA
Invention licenses
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
3,962
2,175
1,610
4,149
2,130
1,511
5,106
2,318
1,631
5,454
1,768
1,391
4,771
1,745
1,012
5,193
1,912
1,284
4,486
1,825
1,405
4,365
1,938
1,272
4,422
2,080
1,494
118
83
64
151
90
53
121
60
64
142
81
50
125
88
27
105
83
39
126
114
37
133
123
30
153
117
21
26
12
21
17
12
20
21
5
9
25
12
12
21
12
10
14
5
7
32
8
3
40
21
2
49
19
7
1,005
809
619
1,122
829
617
1,332
810
619
1,369
517
426
534
354
191
1,056
691
472
838
597
425
1,018
590
462
831
690
404
1,527
792
605
1,498
711
551
1,469
866
627
1,617
661
520
1,776
812
467
1,694
726
438
1,575
693
441
1,460
904
370
1,439
919
520
17
14
12
16
14
9
14
23
8
18
12
11
12
13
9
12
13
10
16
15
10
9
6
4
8
3
9
434
255
119
431
262
116
472
279
136
461
216
167
452
230
154
442
166
164
447
261
379
437
164
278
389
156
397
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10
0
1
32
2
2
6
17
7
14
12
13
9
8
5
6
6
9
4
3
9
5
2
5
7
5
6
7
7
1
4
8
4
696
152
159
775
166
128
1,485
231
155
1,612
207
189
1,682
209
139
1,713
219
146
1,487
193
108
1,297
166
135
1,373
128
114
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
4
5
2
3
3
0
2
2
3
3
0
2
3
1
1
131
38
4
125
34
4
183
36
8
204
54
7
165
26
10
157
27
5
175
25
8
164
13
10
150
37
15
4,391
3,140
1,254
6,063
3,588
2,475
6,497
3,747
2,771
7,567
3,804
3,775
9,577
4,236
5,341
10,186
4,163
6,023
10,352
3,935
6,405
11,098
4,172
6,972
10,913
4,226
6,730
255
255
267
267
270
270
296
296
320
320
332
332
339
339
328
328
316
316
Appendix table 4-38

Agency
DOC
Invention licenses
DOD
Invention licenses
DOE
Invention licenses
EPA
Invention licenses
HHS
Invention licenses
DHS
Invention licenses
DOI
Invention licenses
NASA
Invention licenses
DOT
Invention licenses
VA
Invention licenses
Collaborative R&D relationships
All 10 agencies
CRADAs, total active in FY
Traditional CRADAs
Other collaborative R&D relationships
USDA
Traditional CRADAs
DOC
Traditional CRADAs
DOD
Traditional CRADAs
2001
0
2002
0
2003
0
2004
0
2005
0
2006
0
2007
0
2008
0
2009
0
40
40
0
41
41
0
101
101
0
125
125
0
133
133
0
111
111
0
222
222
0
29
29
0
40
40
0
285
283
5
471
350
121
364
361
3
369
364
5
412
406
6
444
438
6
495
460
35
365
351
14
432
386
46
2,005
1,162
843
3,459
1,327
2,132
3,687
1,223
2,464
4,345
1,362
2,983
5,677
1,535
4,142
5,916
1,420
4,496
5,842
1,354
4,488
6,196
1,418
4,748
5,752
1,452
4,300
16
16
0
23
23
0
32
32
0
38
38
0
39
39
0
35
35
0
38
38
0
37
37
0
40
40
0
1,367
1,007
360
1,356
1,213
143
1,423
1,350
82
1,424
1,173
251
1,532
1,237
295
1,535
1,213
322
1,418
915
460
1,675
1,376
352
1,584
1,304
327
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
18
0
18
63
0
63
8
8
0
8
8
0
11
10
1
13
12
1
20
19
1
21
20
1
15
15
0
19
18
1
21
18
1
328
292
36
357
290
67
521
312
209
861
338
523
1,340
443
897
1,680
482
1,198
2,035
474
1,561
2,337
486
1,851
2,497
504
1,993
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
5
5
0
5
5
0
5
1
0
5
5
0
2
3
0
86
76
10
81
69
12
88
88
12
95
95
12
101
101
0
112
112
0
130
130
0
153
153
0
163
163
0
3,676
2,837
NA
5,377
2,858
NA
5,603
2,316
8,162
6,015
3,546
7,454
5,947
3,962
11,767
7,268
3,666
9,738
7,326
3,819
10,164
6,923
3,664
11,411
7,733
4,219
16,319
219
217
NA
225
222
NA
229
212
2,769
205
185
1,166
199
171
5,028
195
163
3,477
230
184
4,084
252
202
5,466
233
191
9,960
247
188
1,575
1,883
139
1,694
1,903
92
1,814
1,969
67
2,301
1,906
80
2,714
3,008
149
2,769
2,778
154
3,414
2,390
131
3,476
2,386
77
3,608
1,965
1,418
1,913
1,376
2,134
1,523
2,833
2,425
3,210
2,736
2,999
2,424
2,971
2,383
2,596
1,993
2,870
2,247
Appendix table 4-38

Agency
DOE
Traditional CRADAs
EPA
Traditional CRADAs
HHS
Traditional CRADAs
DHS
Traditional CRADAs
DOI
Traditional CRADAs
NASA
Traditional CRADAs
DOT
Traditional CRADAs
VA
Traditional CRADAs
2001
0
2002
0
2003
0
2004
0
2005
0
2006
0
2007
0
2008
3
2009
1
558
558
0
680
680
0
661
661
0
610
610
0
644
644
0
631
631
0
697
697
0
711
711
0
744
744
0
48
45
0
59
55
0
91
77
0
104
82
0
107
95
0
94
83
0
84
67
0
112
74
0
155
51
0
498
289
0
470
261
0
427
254
0
220
119
0
215
117
0
164
92
0
284
206
0
453
295
0
457
284
0
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
23
21
3
23
22
5
56
41
0
52
42
0
51
51
0
61
45
0
70
49
0
82
31
0
170
20
0
170
33
0
248
36
0
1
1
1,053
1
1
2,659
0
0
3,579
0
0
3,987
1
1
4,038
1
1
3,509
1
1
2,887
1
1
2,750
1
1
2,743
82
78
0
92
80
0
96
96
0
0
0
0
57
55
0
59
59
0
36
36
0
23
23
0
22
0
2
2
2
0
2
2
0
11
11
0
13
13
0
14
14
0
37
33
0
82
74
0
221
207
0
606
566
0
na = not applicable; NA = data not available

CRADA = cooperative research and development agreement; DHS = Department of Homeland Security; DOC = Department of Commerce; DOD = Department of
Defense; DOE = Department of Energy; DOI = Department of the Interior; DOT = Department of Transportation; EPA = Environmental Protection Agency; HHS =
Department of Health and Human Services; NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration; USDA = Department of Agriculture; VA = Department of Veterans
Affairs
NOTES: The Department of Homeland Security started to operate in early 2003; it did not start to provide technology transfer statistics until FY 2008. Invention licenses
refers to inventions which are patented or could be patented. Other Intellectual Property refers to IP protected through mechanisms other than a patent, e.g., copyright.
Total CRADAs refers to all agreements executed under CRADA authority (15 USC 3710a). Traditional CRADAs are collaborative R&D partnerships between a federal lab
and one or more nonfederal organizations. (Nontraditional CRADAs are established for special purposes, such as material transfer or technical assistance that may result
in protected information.) Federal agencies have varying authorities for other kinds of collaborative R&D relationships.
SOURCES: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Federal Laboratory Technology Transfer, Fiscal Year 2009 Summary Report to the President and the
Congress, March 2011 (http://www.nist.gov/tpo/publications/upload/Federal-Lab-TT-Report-FY2009.pdf). U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of the Secretary,
Summary Report on Federal Laboratory Technology Transfer: FY 2003 Activity Metrics and Outcomes, Report to the President and the Congress, December 2004
(http://www.nist.gov/tpo/publications/upload/summaryreportfy2003.pdf)
Appendix table 4-39

SBIR and STTR awards, by type of award: FY 19832008
SBIR
Fiscal year
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
Phase I
686
999
1,397
1,945
2,189
2,013
2,137
2,346
2,553
2,559
2,898
3,102
3,085
2,841
3,371
3,022
3,334
3,166
3,215
4,243
4,465
4,638
4,300
3,836
3,814
3,626
Phase II
0
338
407
564
768
711
749
837
788
916
1,141
928
1,263
1,191
1,404
1,320
1,256
1,330
1,533
1,577
1,759
2,013
1,871
2,026
1,542
1,771
STTR
Total
686
1,337
1,804
2,509
2,957
2,724
2,886
3,183
3,341
3,475
4,039
4,030
4,348
4,032
4,775
4,342
4,590
4,496
4,748
5,820
6,224
6,651
6,171
5,862
5,356
5,397
Phase I
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
198
238
238
260
208
251
233
244
356
397
667
611
644
634
483
Phase II
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0
22
88
89
109
78
95
93
114
111
193
221
234
213
251
NA = not available
SBIR = Small Business Innovation Research program; STTR = Small Business Technology Transfer program
SOURCE: Small Business Administration, SBIR and STTR Annual Reports.
Total
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
198
260
326
349
317
329
328
337
470
508
860
832
878
847
734
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SBIR award funding, by type of award and federal agency: FY 19832008
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Appendix table 4-41

Small Business Technology Transfer Program award funding, by type of award and federal agency: FY 19942008
Fiscal year
All
1994
18.9
1995
33.8
1996
64.4
1997
69.0
1998
64.8
1999
65.0
2000
70.0
2001
71.4
2002
91.6
2003
92.1
2004
184.6
2005
220.3
2006
226.2
2007
243.0
2008
240.0
Phase I
18.9
23.0
22.7
24.1
19.7
24.3
24.0
25.4
36.3
41.1
76.8
74.0
74.0
83.0
61.0
Phase II
0.0
10.8
41.8
44.8
45.1
41.0
46.0
46.0
55.3
51.0
107.8
146.3
152.3
159.0
178.0
DOD
9
15
29
37
33
31
33
27
43
43
89
114
119
115
108
HHS
5
9
18
13
17
20
22
25
31
31
67
73
70
77
74
NASA
2
3
9
12
6
6
6
6
7
6
13
13
13
10
12
DOE
2
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
6
6
11
12
13
15
18
NSF
1
2
3
3
3
3
5
8
6
6
10
9
11
23
27
DHSa
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
2
NA
NA = not available
DHS = Department of Homeland Security; DOD = Department of Defense; DOE = Department of Energy; HHS = Department of Health and Human Services;
NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NSF = National Science Foundation
aDHS, established by Homeland Security Act of 2002 and formed in January 2003, held first Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) competition in FY
2006.

SOURCE: Small Business Administration, Small Business Technology Transfer Program Annual Reports.
$SSHQGL[WDEOH
Technology Innovation Program summary data: FY 200810
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Appendix table 4-43

Gross expenditures for R&D and expenditures for R&D as share of gross domestic product, for selected countries:
19812009
Year
United States
EU
Germany
France United Kingdom

GERD PPP $billions
11.0
12.5
13.4
14.7
15.8
16.4
17.6
19.1
21.0
23.3
24.4
25.4
26.2
26.7
27.5
28.1
28.5
29.3
30.8
33.0
35.8
38.2
36.8
38.0
39.2
42.0
44.0
46.3
48.0
Japan
China
South Korea
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
72.7
81.2
90.4
102.9
115.2
120.6
126.7
134.2
142.2
152.4
161.4
165.8
166.1
169.6
184.1
197.8
212.7
226.9
245.5
268.6
280.3
279.2
292.0
303.6
325.9
350.9
377.6
403.7
401.6
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
138.3
143.8
151.0
158.7
170.2
184.1
196.2
205.8
210.1
218.1
229.9
253.5
270.4
294.2
297.9
18.3
19.9
21.0
22.5
25.4
26.8
29.2
31.2
33.4
35.1
39.2
39.0
38.4
38.6
40.2
41.4
43.3
45.2
49.4
52.3
54.4
56.7
59.4
61.3
64.3
70.2
74.1
81.8
82.7
11.9
NA
12.9
NA
14.9
15.9
16.6
17.6
18.8
19.6
19.3
19.4
20.6
21.5
21.9
22.3
23.1
24.0
25.9
27.9
29.2
30.6
31.0
32.0
34.1
37.0
38.8
40.1
40.3
25.6
29.2
33.1
37.1
42.7
44.3
48.8
54.4
61.4
69.1
73.4
74.7
74.9
75.7
82.3
83.0
87.8
91.1
92.8
98.9
104.0
108.2
112.3
117.5
128.7
138.6
147.8
148.7
137.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.5
8.8
9.8
10.3
10.5
11.7
14.7
16.3
20.6
27.2
31.7
39.6
47.1
57.8
71.1
86.7
102.4
120.8
154.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7.1
8.1
9.6
11.7
13.3
14.9
16.3
14.6
15.8
18.6
21.3
22.5
24.0
27.9
30.6
35.3
40.7
43.9
NA
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
123.6
130.0
139.3
152.7
166.0
169.9
173.4
177.6
181.3
187.1
191.3
192.0
188.3
188.3
200.2
211.0
223.0
235.3
250.8
268.6
274.1
268.7
275.1
278.1
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
151.4
154.1
158.6
164.5
174.5
184.1
190.5
194.0
195.5
197.6
GERD constant 2000 PPP $billions

30.0
19.1
21.2
30.8
20.4
NA
31.3
21.1
20.7
32.2
22.4
NA
35.4
23.3
22.3
36.6
23.7
23.4
38.6
24.7
23.7
39.9
25.8
24.3
41.2
27.4
25.0
41.6
29.3
25.1
44.9
29.6
23.9
43.7
30.1
23.5
42.1
30.4
24.3
41.4
30.3
24.8
42.3
30.5
24.8
42.8
30.6
24.5
44.4
30.3
24.3
46.0
30.6
25.1
49.5
31.9
26.9
52.3
33.0
27.9
53.1
34.3
28.1
53.8
35.2
28.7
54.3
34.6
28.8
54.2
35.2
28.6
43.9
47.1
51.4
55.5
61.9
62.9
67.3
72.5
78.9
85.4
87.6
87.1
85.5
84.7
90.2
89.2
92.7
95.1
95.5
98.9
101.7
103.3
105.9
107.7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.9
10.2
11.1
11.4
11.4
12.4
15.4
16.8
21.0
27.2
31.0
38.1
44.4
53.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8.5
9.4
10.9
13.0
14.5
15.9
17.1
15.2
16.1
18.6
20.8
21.7
23.0
26.0
Appendix table 4-43

Gross expenditures for R&D and expenditures for R&D as share of gross domestic product, for selected countries:
19812009
Year
United States
EU
Germany
Japan
China
South Korea
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
288.9
301.3
314.9
329.5
324.6
202.8
213.4
220.9
231.3
230.0
54.6
57.4
58.9
63.1
62.4
France United Kingdom

35.0
35.7
36.2
36.8
37.6
30.0
31.2
32.6
32.5
32.3
115.2
120.5
124.8
123.1
113.2
63.5
75.0
86.1
99.4
125.7
28.1
31.9
35.7
38.3
NA
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2008
2.34
2.51
2.58
2.64
2.75
2.72
2.70
2.65
2.61
2.65
2.72
2.64
2.51
2.41
2.50
2.54
2.55
2.58
2.63
2.70
2.72
2.62
2.62
2.56
2.58
2.62
2.69
2.82
2.88
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
1.66
1.66
1.66
1.67
1.72
1.74
1.76
1.77
1.76
1.73
1.74
1.77
1.77
1.84
1.90
2.35
2.42
2.43
2.43
2.60
2.63
2.74
2.73
2.71
2.61
2.47
2.35
2.28
2.18
2.19
2.19
2.24
2.27
2.40
2.45
2.46
2.49
2.52
2.49
2.49
2.53
2.53
2.68
2.78
GERD/GDP (%)
1.90
1.99
2.03
2.12
2.17
2.15
2.19
2.19
2.23
2.32
2.32
2.33
2.38
2.32
2.29
2.27
2.19
2.14
2.16
2.15
2.20
2.23
2.17
2.15
2.10
2.10
2.07
2.11
2.21
2.35
NA
2.17
NA
2.20
2.22
2.15
2.10
2.11
2.10
2.03
1.99
2.02
1.97
1.91
1.83
1.77
1.76
1.82
1.81
1.79
1.79
1.75
1.68
1.73
1.75
1.78
1.77
1.85
2.29
2.38
2.52
2.61
2.73
2.70
2.78
2.79
2.88
2.95
2.93
2.89
2.83
2.78
2.91
2.80
2.87
3.00
3.02
3.04
3.12
3.17
3.20
3.17
3.32
3.40
3.44
3.44
3.33
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.73
0.74
0.70
0.64
0.57
0.57
0.64
0.65
0.76
0.90
0.95
1.07
1.13
1.23
1.32
1.39
1.40
1.47
1.70
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.80
1.89
2.06
2.26
2.30
2.36
2.41
2.26
2.17
2.30
2.47
2.40
2.49
2.68
2.79
3.01
3.21
3.36
NA
na = not applicable; NA = not available

EU = European Union; GDP = gross domestic product; GERD = gross expenditures for R&D; OECD = Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development
NOTES: Conversions of foreign currencies to U.S. dollars calculated with each countrys GDP implicit price deflator and with OECD purchasing
power parity exchange rates. Data for United States in this table reflect international standards for calculating gross expenditures on R&D,
which vary slightly from NSF protocol for tallying U.S. total R&D. EU data for all years are based on current 27 EU member countries. Data for
Germany, 198190, are for West Germany. Data for Japan for 1996 onward many not be consistent with earlier data due to changes in
methodology.
SOURCES: OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators (2011/1).
Appendix table 4-44

Gross expenditures on R&D, by performing and funding sectors, for selected countries: 2008
(Millions of current PPP dollars)
Source of R&D funds
All sources
Business
Government
Higher
education
Private
nonprofit
Abroad
Performers, %
distribution
United States
Business
Government
Higher education
Private nonprofit
Sources, % distribution
403,668
290,681
45,246
51,650
16,091
99.9
249,631
245,326
0
3,004
1,301
61.8
118,239
36,360
45,246
30,341
6,292
29.3
14,225
0
0
14,225
0
3.5
12,578
0
0
4,080
8,498
3.1
8,995
8,995
NA
NA
NA
2.2
100.0
72.0
11.2
12.8
4.0
na
Germany
Business
Government
Higher education
Private nonprofit
81,849
56,680
11,499
13,670
0
100.0
55,062
51,929
1,064
2,069
**
67.3
23,247
2,550
9,653
11,044
**
28.4
0
0
0
**
**
0.0
255
97
158
**
**
0.3
3,285
2,104
624
557
**
4.0
99.9
69.2
14.0
16.7
0.0
na
France
Business
Government
Higher education
Private nonprofit
46,263
29,039
7,375
9,272
577
99.9
23,474
22,694
505
199
76
50.7
18,002
3,305
6,401
8,212
84
38.9
576
10
22
528
16
1.2
487
22
45
70
350
1.1
3,724
3,008
402
263
51
8.0
99.9
62.8
15.9
20.0
1.2
na
United Kingdom
Business
Government
Higher education
Private nonprofit
40,095
24,857
3,671
10,624
943
99.9
18,213
17,338
291
488
96
45.4
12,295
1,635
3,097
7,194
369
30.7
496
**
33
449
14
1.2
1,976
38
128
1,480
330
4.9
7,115
5,846
122
1,013
134
17.7
100.1
62.0
9.2
26.5
2.4
na
Japan
Business
Government
Higher education
Private nonprofit
148,717
116,687
12,386
17,306
2,338
100.0
116,257
114,991
88
517
661
78.2
23,229
1,073
12,225
8,973
958
15.6
7,647
11
17
7,615
4
5.1
1,022
93
40
188
701
0.7
562
519
16
13
14
0.4
100.0
78.5
8.3
11.6
1.6
na
China
Business
Government
Higher education
Private nonprofit
120,775
88,480
22,087
10,208
NA
96.5
86,645
82,083
1,033
3,529
NA
71.7
28,490
3,807
18,783
5,900
NA
23.6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,496
1,261
109
126
NA
1.2
100.1
73.3
18.3
8.5
0.0
na
South Korea
Business
Government
Higher education
Private nonprofit
43,906
33,091
5,294
4,893
628
100.0
31,999
31,031
186
588
194
72.9
11,155
1,951
5,049
3,803
352
25.4
442
19
4
418
1
1.0
174
8
38
50
78
0.4
136
82
17
34
3
0.3
100.0
75.4
12.1
11.1
1.4
na
Country/R&D performer
** = included in other categories; NA = not available; na = not applicable

PPP = purchasing power parity
NOTES: Top seven R&D performing countries globally. Foreign currencies converted to dollars through purchasing power parities. Data for United States reflect
international standards for calculating gross expenditures on R&D , which vary slightly from NSF protocol for tallying U.S. total R&D.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, National Patterns of R&D Resources (annual series); Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development, special tabulations (June 2011).
Appendix table 4-45

Government budget appropriations or outlays for R&D, by socioeconomic objectives, selected countries: 2009
Socioeconomic objective
All objectives
Defense
Nondefense
Exploration and exploitation of Earth
Environment
Exploration and exploitation of space
Transport, telecommunication, and other infrastructures
Energy
Industrial production and technology
Health
Agriculture
Education
Culture, recreation, religion, and mass media
Political and social systems, structures, and processes
General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from GUFa
General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from sources other than GUF
United States
Germany
164,292
84,771
79,522
1,677
565
9,060
1,536
3,794
963
43,927
2,629
464
25
754
25,858
1,466
24,392
477
791
1,317
457
1,082
3,285
1,244
787
240
277
495
United Kingdom
Franceb
Current U.S. PPP $millions
16,172
15,146
4,578
2,766
11,594
12,380
146
407
438
404
1,451
283
156
199
964
157
1,389
369
1,154
2,749
303
427
na
99
na
290
417
313
Japan
China
South Korea
31,073
1,149
29,923
587
305
2,238
1,265
4,091
2,603
1,255
1,177
74
109
111
NA
NA
13,210
2,200
11,010
292
606
403
271
984
3,497
1,152
979
NA
NA
NA
na
9,669
4,517
3,730
10,622
**
14,128
4,429
741
2,953
5,486
2,513
100.0
51.6
48.4
100.0
5.7
94.3
100.0
28.3
71.7
100.0
18.3
81.7
100.0
3.7
96.3
NA
100.0
16.7
83.3
99.9
2.1
0.7
11.4
1.9
4.8
1.2
55.2
3.3
0.6
0.0
100.6
2.0
3.2
5.4
1.9
4.4
13.5
5.1
3.2
1.0
1.1
100.8
1.3
3.8
12.5
1.3
8.3
12.0
10.0
2.6
na
na
100.0
3.3
3.3
2.3
1.6
1.3
3.0
22.2
3.4
0.8
2.3
100.0
2.0
1.0
7.5
4.2
13.7
8.7
4.2
3.9
0.2
0.4
NA
97.3
2.7
5.5
3.7
2.5
8.9
31.8
10.5
8.9
NA
NA
Percent
Share of all objectives
Defense
Nondefense
Share of nondefense objectives
Exploration and exploitation of Earth
Environment
Exploration and exploitation of space
Transport, telecommunication, and other infrastructures
Energy
Industrial production and technology
Health
Agriculture
Education
Culture, recreation, religion, and mass media
Appendix table 4-45

Government budget appropriations or outlays for R&D, by socioeconomic objectives, selected countries: 2009
Socioeconomic objective
Political and social systems, structures, and processes
General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from GUFa
General advancement of knowledge: R&D financed from sources other than GUF
Germany
2.0
Franceb
3.6
United Kingdom
2.5
na
39.6
39.0
30.1
35.5
**
17.8
18.2
6.4
23.9
18.3
22.8
United States
0.9
Japan
0.4
China
South Korea
NA
** = included in other categories; na = not applicable; NA = not available

GUF = general university funds; PPP = purchasing power parity
aUnited
bData
States and South Korea do not have a category equivalent to general university funds (GUF).
for France are for 2008, the most recent year available.
NOTES: United States data are based on federal budget authority. Socioeconomic objective categories reflect the new NABS 2007 classifications (Nomenclature for the Analysis and Comparison of Scientific Programs and Budgets).
Conversions of foreign currencies to U.S. dollars are based on purchasing power parity exchange rates. Because of GUF and slight differences in accounting practices, distribution of government budgets among socioeconomic objectives
may not completely reflect actual distribution of government-funded research in particular objectives. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Federal R&D Budget Authority by Spending Category, FY 200911; Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, special
tabulations (2011).
Appendix table 4-46

Share of business expenditures for R&D, by industry and selected country/economy: 200710
(Percent)
Australia
Industry
ISIC
Total business enterprise

Manufacturing
Food products, beverages, and tobacco
Textiles, textile products, leather, and footwear
Wood, paper, printing, and publishing
Chemical, rubber, plastics, and fuel products
Coke, refined petroleum products, and nuclear fuel
Chemicals and chemical products
Chemicals excluding pharmaceuticals
Pharmaceuticals
Rubber and plastics products
Other nonmetallic mineral products
Basic metals
Fabricated metal products (excluding machinery and equipment)
Machinery and equipment, instruments, and transportation equipment
Machinery and equipment, nec
Computers, office and accounting machines
Electrical machinery and apparatus, nec
Communication, TV, and radio equipment
Instruments, watches, and clocks
Motor vehicles
Other transportation equipment
Building and repairing ships and boats
Aircraft and spacecraft
Railroad and other transportation equipment, nec
Furniture, manufacturing, nec
Recycling
Electricity, gas, and water
Construction
Services
Wholesale and retail trade, repairs
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage, and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting, and business activities
Computer and related activities
Software consultancy and supply
Other computer and related activities, nec
R&D
Other business activities
Community, social, and personal services
All other industries
1537
1516
1719
2022
2325
23
24
24 (minus 2423)
2423
25
26
27
28
2935
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
351
353
352+359
36
37
4041
45
5099
5052
55
6064
6567
7074
72
722
72 (minus 722)
73
74
7599
2010
100.0
26.6
2.7
0.2
1.4
5.4
0.6
4.3
1.9
2.4
0.5
0.7
3.8
1.0
11.2
1.9
0.3
0.5
1.7
2.2
3.4
1.2
0.3
0.3
0.6
0.2
0.0
1.8
5.2
42.3
6.3
0.2
5.2
12.2
16.9
6.3
6.0
0.3
4.6
6.0
1.6
24.1
Czech
Austria Belgium Republic
2007
100.0
69.8
0.6
0.7
0.9
11.2
0.2
8.7
2.9
5.8
2.2
1.5
2.4
2.1
48.9
11.4
0.4
13.4
9.6
3.3
8.3
2.5
0.0
0.3
2.2
1.6
0.0
0.2
0.4
29.4
4.6
0.0
1.1
0.2
23.3
5.3
4.1
1.2
9.4
8.6
0.2
0.2
2007
100.0
68.1
2.1
1.2
0.5
34.7
0.4
31.7
7.0
24.7
2.6
1.1
2.2
1.5
24.5
5.8
0.6
4.1
7.7
2.5
1.9
2.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.2
1.3
29.8
1.7
0.0
3.9
1.9
21.4
4.9
2.9
2.0
9.7
6.8
0.8
0.6
2009
100.0
65.8
0.9
0.8
0.1
8.2
0.0
6.4
2.8
3.6
1.8
1.0
0.6
1.7
52.0
8.5
0.2
4.2
2.8
6.2
24.7
5.4
0.0
1.7
3.7
0.5
0.0
0.2
1.2
32.2
2.6
0.0
1.3
1.5
24.8
10.3
7.8
2.4
9.7
4.7
2.1
0.6
France
Germany
2007
100.0
83.6
2.1
0.7
0.4
24.0
0.9
20.0
5.7
14.3
3.1
1.1
1.2
1.0
52.2
4.6
0.7
4.4
10.4
6.3
14.0
11.9
0.4
10.8
0.7
0.8
0.0
1.6
0.4
12.3
NA
NA
3.3
NA
8.8
7.0
4.8
2.2
0.2
1.7
0.2
2.1
2008
100.0
89.0
0.6
0.4
0.5
16.6
0.2
14.4
7.0
7.4
2.0
0.6
0.9
1.3
67.7
10.9
1.5
3.1
7.1
7.1
32.8
5.1
NA
NA
NA
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.1
10.3
NA
NA
0.5
NA
8.9
NA
NA
NA
2.7
2.6
NA
0.3
Greece Hungary Israel

2007
100.0
46.0
2.5
0.5
0.6
15.7
0.0
13.9
10.2
3.7
1.7
2.2
1.1
7.0
16.3
1.2
0.0
0.4
12.9
1.0
0.8
0.1
NA
NA
NA
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.1
52.7
2.3
0.0
0.7
0.0
49.3
41.1
29.9
11.1
3.4
4.9
0.3
0.7
2008 2010
100.0 100.0
73.1 32.9
1.2
NA
0.0
NA
0.5
NA
41.0
NA
2.4
NA
37.7
NA
2.2
NA
35.6
NA
0.9
NA
0.3
NA
0.5
NA
0.4
NA
29.0
NA
5.3
NA
NA
NA
3.3
NA
6.2
NA
2.5
NA
11.5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.2
NA
0.0
NA
0.2
1.8
0.3
NA
24.6 65.2
7.4
NA
0.0
NA
0.4
NA
0.2
0.9
14.0 64.3
6.8 31.7
2.4
NA
4.4
NA
0.3 32.7
6.5
NA
2.6
NA
1.8
NA
Italy
2010
100.0
73.0
1.6
3.7
0.6
11.6
0.1
9.3
3.4
5.9
2.1
0.8
0.9
1.8
51.1
12.9
0.4
2.4
7.5
5.4
11.0
11.4
0.5
9.9
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.8
0.9
23.7
1.6
0.0
8.5
1.6
11.2
2.2
1.9
0.3
7.0
2.0
0.7
1.6
South
Japan Korea Mexico
2009 2008
100.0 100.0
87.1 88.6
2.0
1.3
1.0
0.6
0.7
0.2
19.0
9.6
0.4
0.4
16.3
7.4
6.3
5.0
10.0
2.4
2.3
1.7
1.2
0.6
2.5
2.0
0.6
0.9
59.0 73.1
9.2
6.2
3.7
1.0
8.0
2.2
16.8 45.7
5.0
2.6
15.6 13.2
0.7
2.1
0.1
1.8
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.2
1.0
0.3
NA
0.1
0.5
1.0
1.0
2.5
11.2
7.9
0.4
0.5
NA
0.0
2.6
1.7
0.0
0.0
8.2
5.5
2.1
3.4
NA
2.8
NA
0.6
5.6
0.4
0.5
1.6
NA
0.1
0.2
0.0
2007
100.0
69.3
10.9
4.7
0.7
18.7
2.3
13.8
7.9
5.9
2.6
2.2
6.6
7.2
18.0
2.3
0.8
3.2
1.5
0.1
10.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.4
0.2
29.5
0.0
0.0
1.4
4.1
2.3
0.8
0.8
0.0
1.5
0.1
21.6
0.6
Appendix table 4-46

(Percent)
New
Zealand
Industry
ISIC
Total business enterprise

Manufacturing
Food products, beverages, and tobacco
Textiles, textile products, leather, and footwear
Wood, paper, printing, and publishing
Chemical, rubber, plastics, and fuel products
Coke, refined petroleum products, and nuclear fuel
Chemicals and chemical products
Chemicals excluding pharmaceuticals
Pharmaceuticals
Rubber and plastics products
Other nonmetallic mineral products
Basic metals
Fabricated metal products (excluding machinery and equipment)
Machinery and equipment, instruments, and transportation equipment
Machinery and equipment, nec
Computers, office, and accounting machines
Electrical machinery and apparatus, nec
Communication, TV, and radio equipment
Instruments, watches, and clocks
Motor vehicles
Building and repairing ships and boats
Aircraft and spacecraft
Railroad and other transportation equipment, nec
Furniture, manufacturing, nec
Recycling
Electricity, gas, and water
Construction
Services
Wholesale and retail trade, repairs
Hotels and restaurants
Transport, storage, and communication
Financial intermediation
Real estate, renting, and business activities
Computer and related activities
Software consultancy and supply
Other computer and related activities, nec
R&D
1537
1516
1719
2022
2325
23
24
24 (minus 2423)
2423
25
26
27
28
2935
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
351
353
352+359
36
37
4041
45
5099
5052
55
6064
6567
7074
72
722
72 (minus 722)
73
2007
100.0
48.4
12.8
0.8
0.3
10.8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.4
0.2
2.1
19.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1.8
0.0
NA
NA
43.6
6.7
NA
NA
NA
36.8
16.6
NA
NA
6.4
Slovak
Norway Portugal Republic Slovenia
2008
100.0
43.2
4.2
0.3
1.6
7.7
0.0
7.3
5.0
2.2
0.4
0.4
2.0
1.1
25.2
9.8
0.0
2.5
4.2
4.6
1.3
2.9
2.7
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.1
2.2
1.4
40.9
2.9
0.0
3.6
4.6
29.7
15.4
13.7
1.8
4.0
2008
100.0
34.6
1.9
1.5
2.3
NA
NA
8.3
1.3
6.9
NA
1.8
1.1
1.7
13.0
2.4
0.2
1.7
3.7
0.4
4.3
0.3
0.3
NA
NA
0.6
0.1
6.0
1.7
57.2
2.2
0.0
13.5
14.4
26.0
10.8
9.3
1.6
1.7
2009
100.0
67.3
0.8
0.0
0.0
17.7
NA
8.1
NA
NA
9.6
0.6
3.2
2.6
42.4
5.0
0.0
6.1
5.2
1.4
NA
8.7
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.0
0.2
31.5
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
29.7
1.5
1.2
0.3
25.4
2008
100.0
85.9
0.4
1.2
1.2
40.0
0.0
38.3
3.6
34.7
1.7
1.2
1.8
3.3
36.3
8.9
0.5
9.6
8.5
4.4
3.8
0.7
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.1
13.0
0.5
0.0
0.3
0.1
12.1
3.7
0.4
3.4
2.3
United
Turkey Kingdom
2008
100.0
64.1
2.0
1.8
0.4
7.1
0.0
5.6
NA
NA
1.6
1.5
0.6
0.9
49.1
10.4
0.0
2.0
9.2
0.7
23.5
3.3
NA
NA
NA
0.7
0.0
0.2
0.4
34.8
2.2
0.0
4.1
5.7
22.2
13.9
NA
NA
7.5
2008
100.0
73.8
1.9
0.1
0.3
33.0
1.4
31.1
3.9
27.2
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.5
37.1
5.2
0.5
3.6
4.2
3.7
7.9
12.0
1.0
10.8
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.1
24.7
0.5
NA
9.0
3.1
11.9
9.4
NA
NA
2.5
United
Russian
South
Statesa China Federation Singapore Africa Taiwan
2008 2009
100.0 100.0
67.1 84.0
1.5
3.6
0.3
2.5
NA
1.4
NA 13.2
NA
0.9
18.5 10.3
2.6
7.1
15.9
3.2
0.9
2.0
0.5
1.9
0.2 10.0
0.9
1.6
NA 49.2
3.5 12.3
3.3
NA
1.1
9.4
12.5
NA
NA
NA
4.6
NA
10.2
NA
NA
NA
9.7
NA
0.5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2.5
NA
1.3
32.3
7.3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.5
NA
NA
NA
14.2
NA
9.9
NA
4.3
NA
6.9
NA
2009
100.0
12.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.6
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
10.8
1.5
0.3
0.7
1.9
1.2
0.5
4.6
1.5
2.7
0.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
85.8
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
84.6
0.3
0.2
0.1
82.0
2008 2007
100.0 100.0
73.2 38.9
0.5
2.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
1.4
2.5 14.3
0.0
NA
2.0
NA
1.4
NA
0.6
NA
0.4
NA
0.1
1.3
0.2
3.0
3.0
4.1
66.9 12.0
2.4
NA
NA
NA
0.4
1.6
59.4
3.6
2.0
1.5
1.6
5.4
1.1
NA
0.1
NA
0.9
NA
0.1
NA
0.1
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0 16.2
0.1
0.1
26.7 36.3
6.7
5.2
0.0
NA
1.0
4.7
2.1 22.0
15.6
NA
2.0
NA
0.4
NA
1.6
NA
9.5
NA
2009
100.0
92.4
0.7
1.5
0.3
6.1
0.4
4.6
3.2
1.4
1.1
0.1
1.0
0.6
81.6
2.8
16.2
3.1
53.1
3.0
1.7
1.7
0.0
NA
1.6
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
7.3
0.3
0.0
1.3
0.6
3.8
3.0
NA
NA
0.5
Appendix table 4-46

(Percent)
New
Zealand
Industry
Other business activities
Community, social, and personal services
All other industries
ISIC
74
7599
2007
13.8
NA
NA
Slovak
Norway Portugal Republic Slovenia
2008
10.3
0.1
12.3
2008
13.4
1.1
0.5
2009
2.8
0.4
1.0
2008
5.8
0.1
0.9
United
Turkey Kingdom
2008
0.8
0.6
0.5
2008
NA
0.2
1.2
United
Russian
South
Statesa China Federation Singapore Africa Taiwan
2008
NA
NA
NA
2009
NA
NA
4.9
2009
2.3
1.0
2.2
2008
3.7
1.3
0.0
2007
NA
4.4
8.5
NA = not available; nec = not elsewhere classified

ISIC = International Standard Industrial Classification, Rev. 3; OECD = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
aSource
data for U.S. business R&D in this figure are preliminary (NSF 2010a); final statistics were used for other business R&D analyses in Chapter 4.
NOTES: Data years are in parentheses. Because OECD and National Science Foundation analysts adjust country data to achieve internationally comparable estimates, these data may differ from individual countries' survey estimates. Detail
may not sum to total.
SOURCE: OECD, Analytical Business Enterprise R&D (ANBERD)-Statistical Analysis Database (STAN)-R&D Expenditure in Industry, http://www.oecd.org/document/17/0,3746,en_2649_34451_1822033_1_1_1_1,00.html, accessed July 27,
2011, and NSF Business R&D and Innovation Survey: 2008.
2009
0.4
1.1
0.0
Appendix table 5-1

R&D expenditures at academic institutions and academic share of U.S. total R&D performance, distributed by character of work: 19702009
R&D expenditures
Share of U.S total R&D performance
Research
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Total
95.4
96.2
96.4
95.8
95.6
95.6
95.3
94.2
92.5
91.8
92.0
92.0
92.1
92.5
92.6
92.7
92.9
92.6
92.3
92.2
91.7
91.6
91.8
91.7
91.6
92.0
92.4
93.1
93.8
95.1
95.8
95.7
96.0
95.5
95.0
95.4
96.0
96.1
96.3
96.5
Basic
76.7
76.7
73.9
71.2
71.0
69.5
68.6
68.3
67.6
67.0
66.8
66.9
67.0
66.9
67.1
68.1
68.8
67.5
65.7
65.4
65.7
66.3
66.6
66.6
66.6
67.0
67.6
70.9
74.0
74.6
74.6
74.8
75.2
74.2
74.2
75.3
75.9
76.0
75.2
74.6
Research
Applied
18.7
19.5
22.5
24.6
24.7
26.2
26.7
25.9
25.0
24.8
25.1
25.1
25.2
25.6
25.5
24.5
24.1
25.1
26.6
26.8
26.0
25.3
25.2
25.1
24.9
25.0
24.8
22.2
19.9
20.5
21.2
20.9
20.9
21.4
20.8
20.1
20.1
20.1
21.1
21.9
Development
4.6
3.8
3.7
4.3
4.4
4.4
4.7
5.8
7.5
8.2
8.0
8.0
7.9
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.1
7.4
7.7
7.8
8.3
8.4
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.0
7.6
6.9
6.2
4.9
4.2
4.3
4.0
4.5
5.0
4.6
4.0
3.9
3.7
3.5
Total
9.2
9.5
9.6
9.5
9.6
10.0
9.9
10.0
10.3
10.3
10.2
9.8
9.4
9.2
9.0
9.0
9.6
10.1
10.6
11.0
11.1
11.3
11.7
12.4
12.8
12.3
12.0
11.7
11.6
11.5
11.5
12.1
13.4
13.9
14.3
13.9
13.4
13.0
12.8
13.6
Total
24.7
25.8
26.6
26.3
25.9
26.3
25.9
26.1
26.2
26.3
26.4
25.1
24.3
23.7
23.7
23.8
24.2
25.5
26.6
26.6
26.8
25.4
27.1
28.5
29.9
29.5
28.9
27.8
30.1
29.5
29.6
28.9
35.0
33.4
32.7
33.3
32.8
31.6
34.4
35.6
Basic
51.6
52.9
52.9
51.3
50.6
50.9
49.8
49.4
48.5
48.9
49.3
49.0
47.8
46.4
46.1
47.6
46.3
46.8
47.2
46.7
48.3
44.4
46.8
47.5
48.6
51.2
48.9
47.8
54.7
54.0
53.6
52.9
54.4
55.0
57.0
57.0
58.2
56.3
55.3
53.4
Applied
7.8
8.6
10.1
10.9
10.8
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.6
11.7
11.8
10.9
10.5
10.4
10.4
9.9
10.2
11.5
12.8
13.0
12.6
11.9
12.9
13.8
14.7
13.8
13.6
11.9
11.2
11.1
11.5
11.0
15.3
14.1
13.0
13.0
12.4
11.9
14.6
16.7
Development
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.9
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.9
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.8
NOTES: Expenditure levels for academic R&D are calendar year, based on approximations of fiscal year data . Research is the sum of basic research and applied research.
Because of changes in survey procedures, character-of-work data before FY 1998 not directly comparable to that of later years. Data are from appendix tables 4-3, 4-4, 4-5, and
4-6. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, National Patterns of R&D Resources (annual series).
Appendix table 5-2

Academic R&D expenditures, by source of funding: 19722009
Year
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978a
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978a
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
All sources
Federal
government
2,630
2,884
3,022
3,409
3,729
4,067
4,625
5,366
6,063
6,847
7,324
7,882
8,620
9,687
10,928
12,153
13,463
14,979
16,290
17,589
18,821
19,954
21,035
22,179
23,055
24,380
25,867
27,544
30,084
32,824
36,405
40,100
43,258
45,799
47,751
49,493
51,934
54,935
1,795
1,985
2,032
2,288
2,512
2,726
3,059
3,598
4,098
4,571
4,768
4,989
5,431
6,064
6,712
7,343
8,193
8,993
9,640
10,238
11,095
11,960
12,654
13,337
13,847
14,321
15,159
16,112
17,548
19,244
21,873
24,771
27,644
29,209
30,128
30,443
31,281
32,588
9,874
10,259
9,855
10,157
10,507
10,773
11,448
12,262
12,697
13,111
13,217
13,683
14,423
15,732
17,363
18,765
20,098
6,739
7,061
6,626
6,817
7,078
7,221
7,572
8,222
8,582
8,753
8,605
8,661
9,087
9,848
10,664
11,338
12,231
State/local
government
Academic
institutions
All other sources
74
84
95
113
123
139
170
193
236
291
337
389
475
560
700
790
872
994
1,127
1,204
1,279
1,360
1,423
1,489
1,606
1,737
1,889
2,033
2,156
2,219
2,191
2,162
2,129
2,291
2,402
2,670
2,865
3,197
305
318
368
417
446
514
623
735
835
1,004
1,111
1,302
1,411
1,617
1,869
2,168
2,356
2,698
3,006
3,367
3,548
3,589
3,828
4,048
4,172
4,699
5,004
5,382
5,925
6,615
7,134
7,664
7,753
8,266
9,062
9,705
10,408
11,198
187
202
219
259
285
314
359
368
403
435
491
576
613
694
732
828
935
1,071
1,191
1,307
1,409
1,486
1,575
1,614
1,619
1,712
1,871
1,995
2,255
2,426
2,701
2,857
2,852
3,093
3,196
3,533
3,928
4,305
278
299
310
337
347
368
421
441
494
557
608
675
795
909
1,112
1,220
1,302
1,145
1,131
1,200
1,242
1,257
1,362
1,542
1,680
1,749
1,922
2,005
2,260
2,361
2,626
2,970
3,348
3,517
702
719
714
772
803
832
889
841
844
833
886
1,000
1,026
1,127
1,163
1,278
1,396
Industry
Current $millions
269
295
308
332
364
374
414
472
491
546
616
626
690
752
915
1,023
1,106
1,224
1,324
1,474
1,491
1,559
1,555
1,690
1,812
1,910
1,945
2,022
2,200
2,321
2,506
2,647
2,879
2,940
2,962
3,143
3,452
3,647
2005 constant $millions
1,010
1,049
1,004
989
1,026
991
1,025
1,079
1,028
1,045
1,112
1,087
1,154
1,221
1,454
1,580
1,651
Appendix table 5-2

Year
All sources
Federal
government
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
21,547
22,562
23,527
24,592
25,509
26,336
27,201
27,747
28,833
30,250
31,744
33,937
36,210
39,520
42,614
44,701
45,799
46,245
46,598
47,873
50,045
12,936
13,352
13,694
14,497
15,289
15,843
16,357
16,665
16,937
17,728
18,569
19,795
21,229
23,745
26,324
28,566
29,209
29,178
28,662
28,835
29,687
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
68.3
68.8
67.2
67.1
67.4
67.0
66.1
67.1
67.6
66.8
65.1
63.3
63.0
62.6
61.4
60.4
60.9
60.0
59.2
58.2
59.0
59.9
60.2
60.1
60.1
58.7
58.6
58.5
58.3
58.6
60.1
61.8
63.9
63.8
63.1
1978a
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
State/local
government
1,761
1,834
1,972
1,948
1,993
1,947
2,073
2,181
2,259
2,275
2,330
2,482
2,560
2,720
2,813
2,975
2,940
2,869
2,959
3,182
3,322
Percent distribution
10.2
10.2
10.2
9.7
9.8
9.2
9.0
8.8
8.1
8.0
8.4
7.9
8.0
7.8
8.4
8.4
8.2
8.2
8.1
8.4
7.9
7.8
7.4
7.6
7.9
7.8
7.5
7.3
7.3
7.1
6.9
6.6
6.7
6.4
6.2
Industry
Academic
institutions
All other sources
1,430
1,561
1,610
1,671
1,739
1,782
1,826
1,933
2,054
2,209
2,343
2,432
2,448
2,378
2,298
2,200
2,291
2,326
2,514
2,641
2,912
3,881
4,163
4,504
4,636
4,588
4,793
4,965
5,021
5,557
5,852
6,203
6,684
7,297
7,744
8,145
8,012
8,266
8,776
9,137
9,594
10,201
1,541
1,650
1,748
1,841
1,900
1,972
1,979
1,949
2,025
2,188
2,299
2,544
2,676
2,932
3,036
2,947
3,093
3,095
3,326
3,621
3,922
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.7
3.6
3.9
4.3
4.6
4.9
5.5
5.8
6.4
6.5
6.5
6.6
6.9
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.7
7.0
7.1
7.3
7.4
7.2
6.8
6.0
5.4
4.9
5.0
5.0
11.6
11.0
12.2
12.2
12.0
12.6
13.5
13.7
13.8
14.7
15.2
16.5
16.4
16.7
17.1
17.8
17.5
18.0
18.5
19.1
18.9
18.0
18.2
18.3
18.1
19.3
19.3
19.5
19.7
20.2
19.6
19.1
17.9
18.0
19.0
7.1
7.0
7.2
7.6
7.6
7.7
7.8
6.9
6.6
6.4
6.7
7.3
7.1
7.2
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.4
7.5
7.3
7.0
7.0
7.2
7.2
7.5
7.4
7.4
7.1
6.6
6.8
6.7
Appendix table 5-2

Year
All sources
Federal
government
State/local
government
Industry
Academic
institutions
All other sources
2007
2008
2009
100.0
100.0
100.0
61.5
60.2
59.3
6.4
6.6
6.6
5.4
5.5
5.8
19.6
20.0
20.4
7.1
7.6
7.8
aFY
1978 data are estimated based on data collected from doctorate-granting institutions only.
NOTES: Science and engineering; non-S&E R&D not included. See appendix table 4-1 for gross domestic product implicit price deflators
used to convert current dollars to constant 2005 dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Research and Development
Expenditures at Universities and Colleges: FY 2009
Appendix table 5-3

Federal obligations for academic R&D, by agency: 19702009
Year
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
ARRA
non-ARRA
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
All agencies
DOD
DOEa
1,476
1,645
1,904
1,917
2,214
2,411
2,552
2,905
3,375
3,889
4,263
4,466
4,605
4,966
5,547
6,340
6,559
7,337
7,828
8,672
9,138
10,169
10,271
11,208
11,797
11,928
11,978
12,559
13,381
14,959
16,821
19,588
21,290
22,693
24,170
24,842
24,336
25,548
26,027
31,564
5,130
26,434
216
211
217
204
197
203
240
273
383
438
495
573
664
724
830
940
1,098
1,017
1,071
1,189
1,213
1,152
1,403
1,616
1,703
1,589
1,447
1,345
1,419
1,474
1,606
2,285
2,219
1,934
2,036
2,192
2,096
2,615
2,363
2,425
4
2,421
100
94
85
83
94
132
145
188
240
260
285
300
277
297
321
357
345
386
406
454
500
621
640
583
565
594
601
583
623
630
668
743
762
790
854
831
858
765
817
1,332
410
922
6,069
6,443
7,150
6,820
7,219
7,184
7,191
7,695
8,354
8,887
8,928
8,552
888
826
815
726
642
605
676
723
948
1,001
1,037
1,097
411
368
319
295
306
393
409
498
594
594
597
574
NIHb
NSF
USDA
All other
agencies
518
603
756
761
1,027
1,077
1,185
1,311
1,493
1,880
2,012
2,101
2,140
2,392
2,715
3,158
3,243
3,903
4,199
4,565
4,779
5,521
5,064
5,848
6,191
6,271
6,620
7,057
7,565
8,761
10,087
11,528
13,062
14,350
15,184
15,657
15,489
16,569
16,569
20,175
3,085
17,090
228
267
362
374
389
435
437
511
537
617
685
702
715
783
880
1,002
992
1,096
1,143
1,254
1,321
1,436
1,540
1,562
1,680
1,734
1,740
1,819
1,875
2,076
2,265
2,498
2,696
2,978
3,122
3,072
3,112
3,266
3,379
5,095
1,598
3,497
65
72
87
94
95
108
120
140
186
200
216
243
255
275
261
293
274
280
305
328
348
386
438
433
439
435
376
441
415
492
554
652
592
641
653
710
727
723
708
714
*
714
217
264
277
289
312
348
307
364
408
355
412
376
369
306
335
352
355
361
366
449
505
520
600
553
577
597
529
595
697
739
796
939
885
904
1,150
1,282
1,079
1,057
1,039
1,093
22
1,071

539
2,130
525
2,362
447
2,839
395
2,707
323
3,349
322
3,209
335
3,339
313
3,473
314
3,696
318
4,296
331
4,214
327
4,023
938
1,046
1,359
1,330
1,268
1,296
1,231
1,354
1,329
1,410
1,435
1,344
267
282
327
334
310
322
338
371
460
457
452
465
892
1,034
1,040
1,028
1,017
1,037
865
964
1,010
811
863
720
NASA
Current $millions
131
134
119
111
99
108
119
118
127
139
158
171
186
189
204
237
254
294
338
434
471
534
586
614
641
708
665
719
787
787
845
942
1,075
1,096
1,171
1,098
975
553
1,152
730
11
719
Appendix table 5-3

Year
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
ARRA
non-ARRA
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
All agencies
DOD
DOEa
NASA
NIHb
NSF
USDA
All other
agencies
8,311
8,622
9,281
10,296
10,421
11,330
11,685
12,474
12,657
13,602
13,421
14,329
14,770
14,628
14,416
14,852
15,648
17,240
18,960
21,589
23,091
24,106
24,972
24,842
23,575
24,050
23,970
28,765
4,675
24,090
1,198
1,257
1,389
1,526
1,745
1,570
1,599
1,710
1,680
1,541
1,833
2,066
2,132
1,949
1,741
1,591
1,659
1,699
1,810
2,518
2,407
2,054
2,104
2,192
2,030
2,462
2,176
2,210
4
2,206
500
516
537
580
548
596
606
653
693
831
836
745
707
728
723
689
729
726
753
819
826
839
882
831
831
720
752
1,214
374
840
336
328
341
385
404
454
505
624
652
714
766
785
803
868
800
850
920
907
952
1,038
1,166
1,164
1,210
1,098
944
521
1,061
665
10
655
3,862
4,153
4,542
5,128
5,153
6,027
6,268
6,566
6,619
7,385
6,617
7,476
7,751
7,691
7,967
8,346
8,847
10,097
11,369
12,706
14,167
15,243
15,688
15,657
15,004
15,597
15,260
18,386
2,811
15,575
1,290
1,359
1,472
1,627
1,576
1,692
1,706
1,804
1,830
1,921
2,012
1,997
2,103
2,127
2,094
2,151
2,193
2,393
2,553
2,753
2,924
3,163
3,226
3,072
3,015
3,074
3,112
4,643
1,456
3,187
460
477
437
476
435
432
455
472
482
516
572
554
550
533
453
522
485
567
624
719
642
681
675
710
704
681
652
651
*
651
666
531
560
572
564
557
546
646
699
696
784
707
722
732
637
704
815
852
897
1,035
960
960
1,188
1,282
1,045
995
957
996
20
976
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
14.6
12.8
11.4
10.6
8.9
8.4
9.4
9.4
11.3
11.3
11.6
12.8
14.4
14.6
15.0
14.8
16.7
13.9
13.7
13.7
13.3
11.3
13.7
14.4
14.4
6.8
5.7
4.5
4.3
4.2
5.5
5.7
6.5
7.1
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.0
6.0
5.8
5.6
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.5
6.1
6.2
5.2
4.8
35.1
36.7
39.7
39.7
46.4
44.7
46.4
45.1
44.2
48.3
47.2
47.0
46.5
48.2
48.9
49.8
49.4
53.2
53.6
52.6
52.3
54.3
49.3
52.2
52.5
15.4
16.2
19.0
19.5
17.6
18.0
17.1
17.6
15.9
15.9
16.1
15.7
15.5
15.8
15.9
15.8
15.1
14.9
14.6
14.5
14.5
14.1
15.0
13.9
14.2
4.4
4.4
4.6
4.9
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.8
5.5
5.1
5.1
5.4
5.5
5.5
4.7
4.6
4.2
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
4.3
3.9
3.7
14.7
16.0
14.5
15.1
14.1
14.4
12.0
12.5
12.1
9.1
9.7
8.4
8.0
6.2
6.0
5.6
5.4
4.9
4.7
5.2
5.5
5.1
5.8
4.9
4.9
8.9
8.1
6.3
5.8
4.5
4.5
4.7
4.1
3.8
3.6
3.7
3.8
4.0
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.9
4.0
4.3
5.0
5.2
5.3
5.7
5.5
5.4
Appendix table 5-3

Year
All agencies
DOD
DOEa
NASA
NIHb
NSF
USDA
All other
agencies
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.3
12.1
10.7
10.6
9.9
9.5
11.7
10.4
8.5
8.4
8.8
8.6
10.2
9.1
7.7
0.1
9.2
5.0
5.0
4.6
4.7
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.0
3.1
4.2
8.0
3.5
5.9
5.6
5.7
5.9
5.3
5.0
4.8
5.0
4.8
4.8
4.4
4.0
2.2
4.4
2.3
0.2
2.7
52.6
55.3
56.2
56.5
58.6
60.0
58.9
61.4
63.2
62.8
63.0
63.6
64.9
63.7
63.9
60.1
64.7
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.0
13.9
13.5
12.8
12.7
13.1
12.9
12.4
12.8
12.8
13.0
16.1
31.2
13.2
3.6
3.1
3.5
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.3
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.9
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.3
*
2.7
5.0
4.4
4.7
5.2
4.9
4.7
4.8
4.2
4.0
4.8
5.2
4.4
4.1
4.0
3.5
0.4
4.1
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
ARRA
non-ARRA
* = non-zero but < $500,000
DOD = Department of Defense; DOE = Department of Energy; NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NIH = National Institutes of Health; NSF = National Science
Foundation; USDA = U.S. Department of Agriculture; ARRA = American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
aDOE
data for 197073 from Atomic Energy Commission, for 197476 from Energy Research and Development Administration, and for 1977 and thereafter from DOE.
data include Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA), an agency in the Department of Health and Human Services replaced in 1992 by the
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Three research entities of ADAMHA (National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism, and National Institute on Drug Abuse) merged at that time into NIH.
bNIH
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. See appendix table 4-1 for gross domestic product implicit price deflators used to convert current dollars to constant 2005
dollars.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Federal Funds for Research and Development: FY 200911; and Federal Funds
for Research and Development: Detailed Historical Tables: FY 19702003, NSF 04-335 (2004), http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsf04335/tables.htm.
Appendix table 5-4

Federal obligations for academic R&D, by character of work: 200709
Year and character of work
2007
All R&D
Basic
Applied
Development
2008
All R&D
Basic
Applied
Development
2009
All R&Da
Basic
Applied
Development
All agencies
DOD
DOE
NASA
Current $millions
NIH
NSF
USDA
25,548
14,220
9,747
1,581
2,615
811
704
1,099
765
576
143
46
553
180
104
269
16,569
9,202
7,367
0
3,266
3,025
241
0
723
304
402
16
26,027
14,646
9,678
1,703
2,363
895
691
777
817
626
130
61
1,152
352
80
720
16,569
9,279
7,290
0
3,379
3,089
290
0
708
257
433
17
31,563
18,233
11,940
1,390
2,426
990
661
775
1,332
1,044
162
126
730
327
91
312
20,175
10,692
9,482
1
5,094
4,748
346
0
715
267
430
18
2007
All R&D
Basic
Applied
Development
2008
All R&D
Basic
Applied
Development
2009
All R&Da
Basic
Applied
Development
100.0
55.7
38.2
6.2
100.0
31.0
26.9
42.0
100.0
75.3
18.7
6.0
100.0
32.5
18.8
48.6
100.0
55.5
44.5
0.0
100.0
92.6
7.4
0.0
100.0
42.0
55.6
2.2
100.0
56.3
37.2
6.5
100.0
37.9
29.2
32.9
100.0
76.6
15.9
7.5
100.0
30.6
6.9
62.5
100.0
56.0
44.0
0.0
100.0
91.4
8.6
0.0
100.0
36.3
61.2
2.4
100.0
57.8
37.8
4.4
100.0
40.8
27.2
31.9
100.0
78.4
12.2
9.5
100.0
44.8
12.5
42.7
100.0
53.0
47.0
0.0
100.0
93.2
6.8
0.0
100.0
37.3
60.1
2.5
DOD = Department of Defense; DOE = Department of Energy; NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NIH = National Institutes of Health; NSF =
National Science Foundation; USDA = U.S. Department of Agriculture.
aData
for 2009 include obligations from the additional federal R&D funding appropriated by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development: FY
200911.
Appendix table 5-5

R&D expenditures at academic institutions, by S&E field and source of funds: 2009
All R&D expenditures
Field
All fields
Science
Computer sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Environmental sciences nec
Life sciences
Biological sciences
Medical sciences
Life sciences nec
Mathematical sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Physical sciences nec
Psychology
Social sciences
Economics
Political science
Sociology
Social sciences nec
Sciences nec
Engineering
Aeronautical/astronautical
Bioengineering/biomedical
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Mechanical
Metallurgical/materials
Engineering nec
Federally financed expenditures
Nonfederally financed expenditures
Amount
($millions)
Percent
distribution
Amount
($millions)
Percent
distribution
Amount
($millions)
Percent
distribution
54,935
46,285
1,592
2,940
415
1,027
1,087
411
32,791
3,057
10,153
18,240
1,341
553
4,294
580
1,589
1,874
252
979
2,075
379
369
408
919
1,060
8,651
614
650
695
978
1,846
1,244
689
1,934
100.0
84.3
2.9
5.4
0.8
1.9
2.0
0.7
59.7
5.6
18.5
33.2
2.4
1.0
7.8
1.1
2.9
3.4
0.5
1.8
3.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.7
1.9
15.7
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.8
3.4
2.3
1.3
3.5
32,588
27,551
1,107
1,899
324
648
713
213
19,326
866
6,622
11,058
779
369
2,964
389
1,037
1,361
177
659
852
121
137
202
392
377
5,036
431
385
360
401
1,200
801
389
1,068
100.0
84.5
3.4
5.8
1.0
2.0
2.2
0.7
59.3
2.7
20.3
33.9
2.4
1.1
9.1
1.2
3.2
4.2
0.5
2.0
2.6
0.4
0.4
0.6
1.2
1.2
15.5
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
3.7
2.5
1.2
3.3
22,348
18,733
485
1,042
91
379
374
198
13,465
2,192
3,531
7,181
561
184
1,331
191
552
513
75
320
1,223
258
232
207
526
683
3,615
182
265
336
577
646
443
300
866
100.0
83.8
2.2
4.7
0.4
1.7
1.7
0.9
60.3
9.8
15.8
32.1
2.5
0.8
6.0
0.9
2.5
2.3
0.3
1.4
5.5
1.2
1.0
0.9
2.4
3.1
16.2
0.8
1.2
1.5
2.6
2.9
2.0
1.3
3.9

NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. See appendix table 5-2 for detail on nonfederal sources.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and
Colleges: FY 2009.
Appendix table 5-6

R&D expenditures at academic institutions, by S&E field: Selected years, 19752009
Field
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
1999
2000
All fields
Science
Computer sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Life sciences
Biological sciences
Medical sciences
Life sciences nec
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Economics
Political science
Sociology
Social sciences nec
Sciences nec
Engineering
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Mechanical
Engineering nec
3,409
3,028
46
255
NA
NA
NA
255
1,901
384
630
811
75
40
350
27
121
174
29
80
256
56
29
69
102
100
381
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
381
6,063
5,200
124
508
76
188
176
68
3,218
676
1,028
1,423
91
78
677
59
244
323
52
110
339
91
54
87
107
146
862
53
NA
61
83
183
140
NA
341
9,687
8,268
281
705
108
254
258
86
5,279
999
1,781
2,318
181
128
1,148
96
422
551
80
158
383
118
59
75
131
186
1,418
81
NA
116
153
337
208
NA
523
16,290
13,632
515
1,069
173
355
377
164
8,726
1,349
2,859
4,154
363
222
1,807
170
648
842
147
253
703
201
115
132
255
337
2,657
164
NA
218
284
663
391
274
663
22,179
18,663
682
1,434
208
457
473
295
12,190
1,815
3,837
6,070
468
279
2,257
304
772
990
191
371
1,019
250
173
215
381
431
3,516
241
NA
297
431
819
521
330
877
27,544
23,281
861
1,692
288
546
604
254
15,632
2,036
5,041
8,003
552
314
2,606
385
920
1,149
153
465
1,252
266
200
272
514
459
4,263
262
137
349
529
1,017
625
384
960
30,084
25,529
877
1,766
288
563
633
282
17,471
2,177
5,621
8,987
686
342
2,713
386
962
1,208
158
517
1,300
255
230
301
513
543
4,557
259
174
376
601
1,118
633
399
998
10,157
9,022
137
760
NA
NA
NA
12,697
10,890
260
1,064
159
394
369
15,732
13,427
456
1,145
175
413
419
22,562
18,881
713
1,481
240
492
522
27,201
22,889
836
1,759
255
560
580
31,744
26,831
992
1,950
332
629
696
33,937
28,799
989
1,992
325
635
714
All fields
Science
Computer sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
2001
2002
Current $millions
32,824
36,405
27,802
30,881
956
1,126
1,829
2,018
302
341
555
640
673
718
300
318
19,230
21,439
2,322
2,450
5,957
6,603
10,191
11,488
760
898
360
388
2,806
3,017
378
402
1,009
1,129
1,241
1,287
178
199
583
673
1,444
1,597
272
284
255
283
328
375
588
654
594
623
5,022
5,525
342
346
213
282
414
431
664
717
1,164
1,306
687
780
453
468
1,085
1,195
36,210
39,520
30,670
33,524
1,055
1,222
2,018
2,191
333
370
612
695
742
779
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
40,100
34,104
1,305
2,195
396
724
770
305
23,757
2,555
7,385
12,779
1,038
428
3,277
392
1,226
1,418
240
770
1,675
313
304
368
689
697
5,997
406
314
453
776
1,401
821
548
1,278
43,258
36,942
1,404
2,353
415
828
779
332
25,949
2,695
8,152
14,037
1,064
448
3,547
420
1,318
1,522
286
783
1,676
317
308
355
695
782
6,315
437
370
493
789
1,438
875
565
1,348
45,799
39,053
1,406
2,555
460
920
812
363
27,605
2,657
8,844
14,878
1,226
494
3,704
454
1,372
1,597
280
826
1,685
325
324
370
667
778
6,746
445
420
506
788
1,582
936
612
1,456
47,751
40,659
1,438
2,602
508
897
840
358
28,804
2,797
9,049
15,806
1,152
533
3,813
470
1,414
1,611
318
875
1,706
340
316
400
650
888
7,093
385
477
560
858
1,615
1,048
643
1,507
49,493
41,980
1,430
2,686
447
913
993
334
29,806
2,912
9,208
16,555
1,131
573
3,864
468
1,461
1,616
320
872
1,802
349
347
397
708
947
7,514
471
539
599
859
1,636
1,127
633
1,650
51,934
43,976
1,472
2,806
424
953
1,055
374
31,210
2,996
9,774
17,260
1,180
620
3,941
540
1,491
1,611
299
929
1,947
398
338
404
807
1,051
7,958
537
604
656
923
1,707
1,160
647
1,725
54,935
46,284
1,592
2,940
415
1,027
1,087
411
32,791
3,057
10,153
18,240
1,341
553
4,294
580
1,589
1,874
252
979
2,075
379
369
408
919
1,060
8,651
614
650
695
978
1,846
1,244
689
1,934
42,614
36,242
1,387
2,333
421
769
818
44,701
38,175
1,451
2,432
429
856
805
45,799
39,053
1,406
2,555
460
920
812
46,245
39,376
1,393
2,520
492
869
814
46,598
39,524
1,346
2,529
421
860
935
47,873
40,537
1,357
2,587
391
878
973
50,045
42,164
1,450
2,678
378
936
990
Appendix table 5-6

Field
Life sciences
Biological sciences
Medical sciences
Life sciences nec
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Economics
Political science
Sociology
Social sciences nec
Sciences nec
Engineering
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Mechanical
Engineering nec
1975
760
5,664
1,144
1,877
2,416
223
119
1,043
80
361
518
86
238
763
167
86
206
304
298
1,135
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1,135
1980
142
6,739
1,416
2,153
2,980
191
163
1,418
124
511
676
109
230
710
191
113
182
224
306
1,805
111
NA
128
174
383
293
NA
714
1985
140
8,573
1,622
2,892
3,764
294
208
1,864
156
685
895
130
257
622
192
96
122
213
302
2,303
132
NA
188
248
547
338
NA
849
1990
227
12,086
1,868
3,960
5,753
503
307
2,503
235
898
1,166
204
350
974
278
159
183
353
467
3,680
227
NA
302
393
918
542
379
918
1995
362
14,950
2,226
4,706
7,445
574
342
2,768
373
947
1,214
234
455
1,250
307
212
264
467
529
4,312
296
NA
364
529
1,004
639
405
1,076
1999
293
18,016
2,346
5,810
9,223
636
362
3,003
444
1,060
1,324
176
536
1,443
307
230
313
592
529
4,913
302
158
402
610
1,172
720
443
1,106
2000
318
19,709
2,456
6,341
10,138
774
386
3,060
435
1,085
1,363
178
583
1,466
288
259
340
579
613
5,141
292
196
424
678
1,261
714
450
1,126
All fields
Science
Computer sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Life sciences
Biological sciences
Medical sciences
Life sciences nec
Physical sciences
100.0
88.8
1.3
7.5
NA
NA
NA
7.5
55.8
11.3
18.5
23.8
2.2
1.2
10.3
100.0
85.8
2.0
8.4
1.3
3.1
2.9
1.1
53.1
11.1
17.0
23.5
1.5
1.3
11.2
100.0
85.4
2.9
7.3
1.1
2.6
2.7
0.9
54.5
10.3
18.4
23.9
1.9
1.3
11.9
100.0
83.7
3.2
6.6
1.1
2.2
2.3
1.0
53.6
8.3
17.6
25.5
2.2
1.4
11.1
100.0
84.1
3.1
6.5
0.9
2.1
2.1
1.3
55.0
8.2
17.3
27.4
2.1
1.3
10.2
100.0
84.5
3.1
6.1
1.0
2.0
2.2
0.9
56.8
7.4
18.3
29.1
2.0
1.1
9.5
100.0
84.9
2.9
5.9
1.0
1.9
2.1
0.9
58.1
7.2
18.7
29.9
2.3
1.1
9.0
2001
2002
331
345
21,214
23,274
2,562
2,660
6,571
7,168
11,242
12,471
838
975
397
421
3,095
3,275
417
436
1,113
1,226
1,369
1,397
196
216
643
731
1,593
1,734
300
308
281
307
362
407
649
710
655
676
5,540
5,998
377
376
235
306
457
468
732
778
1,284
1,418
758
847
500
508
1,197
1,297
100.0
100.0
84.7
84.8
2.9
3.1
5.6
5.5
0.9
0.9
1.7
1.8
2.1
2.0
0.9
0.9
58.6
58.9
7.1
6.7
18.1
18.1
31.0
31.6
2.3
2.5
1.1
1.1
8.5
8.3
2003
324
25,247
2,715
7,848
13,580
1,103
455
3,482
417
1,303
1,507
255
818
1,780
333
323
391
732
741
6,373
431
334
481
825
1,489
872
582
1,358
2004
343
26,815
2,785
8,424
14,505
1,100
463
3,665
434
1,362
1,573
296
809
1,732
328
318
367
718
808
6,526
452
382
509
815
1,486
904
584
1,393
2005
363
27,605
2,657
8,844
14,878
1,226
494
3,704
454
1,372
1,597
280
826
1,685
325
324
370
667
778
6,746
445
420
506
788
1,582
936
612
1,456
2006
347
27,895
2,709
8,764
15,307
1,116
516
3,693
455
1,369
1,560
308
847
1,652
329
306
387
629
860
6,869
373
462
542
831
1,564
1,015
623
1,459
2007
314
28,062
2,742
8,669
15,587
1,065
539
3,638
441
1,376
1,521
301
821
1,697
329
327
374
667
892
7,074
443
507
564
809
1,540
1,061
596
1,553
2008
345
28,770
2,762
9,010
15,910
1,088
572
3,633
498
1,374
1,485
276
856
1,795
367
312
372
744
969
7,336
495
557
605
851
1,574
1,069
596
1,590
2009
374
29,872
2,785
9,249
16,617
1,222
504
3,912
528
1,448
1,707
230
892
1,890
345
336
372
837
966
7,881
559
592
633
891
1,682
1,133
628
1,762
100.0
85.0
3.3
5.5
1.0
1.8
1.9
0.8
59.2
6.4
18.4
31.9
2.6
1.1
8.2
100.0
85.4
3.2
5.4
1.0
1.9
1.8
0.8
60.0
6.2
18.8
32.4
2.5
1.0
8.2
100.0
85.3
3.1
5.6
1.0
2.0
1.8
0.8
60.3
5.8
19.3
32.5
2.7
1.1
8.1
100.0
85.1
3.0
5.4
1.1
1.9
1.8
0.7
60.3
5.9
19.0
33.1
2.4
1.1
8.0
100.0
84.8
2.9
5.4
0.9
1.8
2.0
0.7
60.2
5.9
18.6
33.4
2.3
1.2
7.8
100.0
84.7
2.8
5.4
0.8
1.8
2.0
0.7
60.1
5.8
18.8
33.2
2.3
1.2
7.6
100.0
84.3
2.9
5.4
0.8
1.9
2.0
0.7
59.7
5.6
18.5
33.2
2.4
1.0
7.8
Appendix table 5-6

Field
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Economics
Political science
Sociology
Social sciences nec
Sciences nec
Engineering
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Mechanical
Engineering nec
1975
0.8
3.5
5.1
0.9
2.3
7.5
1.6
0.9
2.0
3.0
2.9
11.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11.2
1980
1.0
4.0
5.3
0.9
1.8
5.6
1.5
0.9
1.4
1.8
2.4
14.2
0.9
NA
1.0
1.4
3.0
2.3
NA
5.6
1985
1.0
4.4
5.7
0.8
1.6
4.0
1.2
0.6
0.8
1.4
1.9
14.6
0.8
NA
1.2
1.6
3.5
2.1
NA
5.4
1990
1.0
4.0
5.2
0.9
1.6
4.3
1.2
0.7
0.8
1.6
2.1
16.3
1.0
NA
1.3
1.7
4.1
2.4
1.7
4.1
1995
1.4
3.5
4.5
0.9
1.7
4.6
1.1
0.8
1.0
1.7
1.9
15.9
1.1
NA
1.3
1.9
3.7
2.3
1.5
4.0
1999
1.4
3.3
4.2
0.6
1.7
4.5
1.0
0.7
1.0
1.9
1.7
15.5
1.0
0.5
1.3
1.9
3.7
2.3
1.4
3.5
2000
1.3
3.2
4.0
0.5
1.7
4.3
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.7
1.8
15.1
0.9
0.6
1.2
2.0
3.7
2.1
1.3
3.3
2001
1.2
3.1
3.8
0.5
1.8
4.4
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.8
1.8
15.3
1.0
0.6
1.3
2.0
3.5
2.1
1.4
3.3
2002
1.1
3.1
3.5
0.5
1.8
4.4
0.8
0.8
1.0
1.8
1.7
15.2
1.0
0.8
1.2
2.0
3.6
2.1
1.3
3.3
2003
1.0
3.1
3.5
0.6
1.9
4.2
0.8
0.8
0.9
1.7
1.7
15.0
1.0
0.8
1.1
1.9
3.5
2.0
1.4
3.2
2004
1.0
3.0
3.5
0.7
1.8
3.9
0.7
0.7
0.8
1.6
1.8
14.6
1.0
0.9
1.1
1.8
3.3
2.0
1.3
3.1
2005
1.0
3.0
3.5
0.6
1.8
3.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
1.5
1.7
14.7
1.0
0.9
1.1
1.7
3.5
2.0
1.3
3.2

NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. See appendix table 4-1 for gross domestic product implicit price deflators used to convert current dollars to constant 2005 dollars.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges: FY 2009.
2006
1.0
3.0
3.4
0.7
1.8
3.6
0.7
0.7
0.8
1.4
1.9
14.9
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.8
3.4
2.2
1.3
3.2
2007
0.9
3.0
3.3
0.6
1.8
3.6
0.7
0.7
0.8
1.4
1.9
15.2
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.7
3.3
2.3
1.3
3.3
2008
1.0
2.9
3.1
0.6
1.8
3.7
0.8
0.7
0.8
1.6
2.0
15.3
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.8
3.3
2.2
1.2
3.3
2009
1.1
2.9
3.4
0.5
1.8
3.8
0.7
0.7
0.7
1.7
1.9
15.7
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.8
3.4
2.3
1.3
3.5
Appendix table 5-7

Federally financed R&D expenditures at academic institutions, by S&E field and agency: FY 2009
Field
All agencies
DOD
DOE
All fields
Science
Computer sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Life sciences
Biological sciences
Medical sciences
Life sciences nec
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Economics
Political science
Sociology
Social sciences nec
Sciences nec
Engineering
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Mechanical
Engineering nec
32,588
27,551
1,107
1,899
324
648
713
213
19,326
866
6,622
11,058
779
369
2,964
389
1,037
1,361
177
659
852
121
137
202
392
377
5,036
431
385
360
401
1,200
801
389
1,068
3,367
1,760
348
176
25
52
80
18
607
18
171
391
27
58
385
18
131
205
31
37
66
4
18
4
40
83
1,606
172
51
74
52
542
277
177
261
1,236
814
35
101
14
69
6
12
177
30
108
32
7
13
438
9
77
336
17
3
28
5
3
0
19
19
422
10
8
72
27
37
120
48
100
All fields
Science
Computer sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Life sciences
Biological sciences
Medical sciences
Life sciences nec
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.3
6.4
31.4
9.3
7.7
8.1
11.3
8.5
3.1
2.1
2.6
3.5
3.4
15.8
13.0
4.6
12.6
15.1
17.7
5.7
7.7
3.8
3.0
3.2
5.3
4.3
10.6
0.8
5.7
0.9
3.4
1.6
0.3
0.9
3.5
14.8
2.2
7.4
24.7
9.4
0.5
3.3
HHS
NASA
Current $millions
18,054
1,106
17,585
818
66
22
74
251
1
86
13
131
17
19
43
15
16,075
77
66
8
5,324
35
10,068
33
617
2
35
4
498
437
1
214
445
13
36
181
16
29
473
11
307
8
25
0
39
0
125
0
119
8
58
8
465
288
4
107
252
4
57
5
9
12
52
31
33
30
11
8
46
91
55.4
3.4
63.8
3.0
5.9
2.0
3.9
13.2
0.3
26.7
2.0
20.2
2.4
2.7
20.1
7.0
83.2
0.4
7.7
0.9
80.4
0.5
91.0
0.3
79.1
0.2
9.5
1.1
16.8
14.7
0.3
54.9
42.9
1.2
2.6
13.3
8.9
16.6
71.8
1.6
36.1
1.0
NSF
USDA
Other
3,948
3,068
446
636
75
196
314
51
587
75
435
48
29
208
893
86
294
456
57
60
140
20
23
34
62
100
875
14
36
94
87
263
116
98
167
901
856
2
78
5
54
5
14
726
493
183
31
20
3
7
0
4
2
1
1
34
22
2
4
6
5
44
0
10
6
6
1
2
1
18
2,945
2,246
119
548
108
131
250
59
977
159
291
448
79
21
176
36
55
68
17
67
262
44
52
32
135
76
697
46
25
38
205
81
85
45
172
12.1
11.1
40.3
33.5
23.3
30.2
43.9
23.8
3.0
8.7
6.6
0.4
3.7
56.4
30.1
22.1
28.4
33.5
32.0
9.1
16.4
2.8
3.1
0.2
4.1
1.4
8.4
0.7
6.6
3.8
56.9
2.8
0.3
2.5
0.9
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.7
0.2
4.0
9.0
8.2
10.8
28.9
33.4
20.1
35.1
27.6
5.1
18.4
4.4
4.0
10.1
5.7
5.9
9.2
5.3
5.0
9.5
10.2
30.8
Appendix table 5-7

Federally financed R&D expenditures at academic institutions, by S&E field and agency: FY 2009
Field
Economics
Political science
Sociology
Social sciences nec
Sciences nec
Engineering
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Mechanical
Engineering nec
All agencies
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
DOD
3.1
13.0
2.1
10.3
21.9
31.9
39.9
13.1
20.6
13.0
45.1
34.6
45.5
24.4
DOE
4.1
2.2
0.2
4.9
5.2
8.4
2.4
2.1
20.0
6.8
3.0
15.0
12.3
9.3
HHS
20.7
28.3
61.8
30.3
15.4
9.2
0.9
65.5
15.8
2.3
4.3
4.2
2.9
4.3
NASA
0.3
0.2
0.1
1.9
2.2
5.7
24.9
1.0
1.3
3.0
2.6
3.7
2.1
8.5
NSF
16.7
17.2
17.0
15.7
26.4
17.4
3.2
9.2
26.1
21.8
21.9
14.5
25.2
15.6
USDA
18.0
1.4
2.0
1.6
1.2
0.9
0.1
2.6
1.7
1.5
0.1
0.3
0.3
1.7
Other
35.9
37.7
16.0
34.3
20.1
13.8
10.6
6.5
10.6
51.1
6.8
10.6
11.7
16.1

DOD = Department of Defense; DOE = Department of Energy; HHS = Department of Health and Human Services; NASA = National Aeronautics and Space
Administration; NSF = National Science Foundation; USDA = U.S. Department of Agriculture
NOTES: "Other" includes all other agencies reported. Detail may not add to total because some institutions unable to provide complete agency data by field. Data
not adjusted for nonresponse.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at
Universities and Colleges: FY 2009.
Appendix table 5-8

Academic R&D funds provided by federal government, by S&E field: Selected years, 19752009
(Percent)
Field
All fields
Science
Computer sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Life sciences
Biological sciences
Medical sciences
Life sciences nec
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Economics
Political science
Sociology
Social sciences nec
Sciences nec
Engineering
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Mechanical
Engineering nec
1975
67.1
67.0
74.3
70.8
NA
NA
NA
70.8
65.1
29.4
72.5
75.6
71.8
78.6
81.4
73.4
76.8
86.4
77.7
76.8
55.2
48.2
41.8
65.5
55.9
57.2
68.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
68.1
1980
67.6
67.4
70.4
73.1
84.1
69.7
77.6
59.1
64.9
30.9
74.0
74.4
67.3
78.4
81.9
75.6
77.7
86.8
78.7
73.3
53.8
48.8
43.4
65.0
54.1
53.6
68.6
79.5
NA
64.4
64.0
75.7
67.0
NA
65.7
1985
62.6
62.9
69.7
67.2
79.8
60.7
72.7
53.9
60.4
29.4
67.9
68.0
60.0
75.9
77.5
67.0
74.2
82.2
75.1
66.9
40.1
37.0
33.1
53.5
38.5
49.3
61.2
76.4
NA
55.6
51.5
67.7
64.6
NA
57.3
1990
59.2
59.5
66.5
63.7
75.7
57.7
69.6
50.8
58.3
26.2
64.5
64.3
59.1
72.6
72.8
66.1
68.7
77.5
71.8
64.8
32.2
27.1
22.0
45.5
33.9
41.3
57.4
77.7
NA
50.6
41.1
65.1
61.0
50.9
54.6
1995
60.1
60.2
70.9
67.1
78.7
59.9
70.0
65.3
58.4
29.3
64.9
63.0
56.7
73.5
72.6
68.2
69.1
77.0
70.8
67.1
38.1
32.0
34.5
48.5
37.8
45.4
59.8
76.2
NA
54.2
43.2
66.4
65.2
53.2
58.4
1999
58.5
58.7
67.7
65.2
77.5
58.9
67.1
60.1
57.3
26.8
64.0
60.8
58.2
67.0
71.5
70.9
67.1
75.6
68.7
66.7
37.7
33.8
27.0
45.0
40.1
35.4
57.4
70.6
52.9
51.6
41.0
64.0
62.1
56.8
55.9
2000
58.3
58.6
66.6
64.3
77.5
58.9
66.7
55.8
57.6
26.6
65.1
60.6
56.8
67.3
70.6
71.8
65.6
74.7
66.9
67.9
37.8
34.9
27.3
45.5
39.3
35.2
56.6
70.9
52.3
52.3
39.4
62.7
60.6
56.8
56.4
2001
58.6
59.0
67.4
64.9
77.3
59.3
66.8
58.5
58.3
26.6
65.0
61.4
59.3
67.3
70.3
68.7
65.5
74.7
70.7
68.4
38.0
33.0
28.9
45.3
40.1
32.8
56.8
75.3
56.9
51.8
39.9
62.4
60.6
53.2
56.4
2002
60.1
60.4
68.4
64.0
73.4
57.8
67.6
58.3
60.0
28.1
67.0
62.7
59.7
69.2
70.7
69.0
65.3
75.8
71.4
70.7
38.7
35.1
28.2
47.5
39.7
36.4
58.5
72.3
59.4
53.4
41.9
62.8
65.1
56.2
58.1
2003
61.8
62.0
71.8
65.9
75.2
60.8
69.8
56.2
61.7
29.9
68.0
64.5
60.3
68.9
71.9
69.3
66.9
76.7
73.7
71.9
39.9
34.0
31.9
48.8
41.4
35.4
60.3
76.3
60.8
54.7
42.1
66.1
64.9
57.2
60.0
2004
63.9
64.2
73.0
67.8
77.4
64.8
70.2
57.7
64.2
32.2
70.5
66.9
62.7
70.9
72.4
68.8
69.9
76.8
66.2
75.0
41.6
34.4
36.6
51.2
42.2
35.2
61.9
76.5
63.7
54.4
44.1
67.5
67.2
62.3
60.2
2005
63.8
64.2
72.7
67.7
78.7
67.0
67.2
57.0
64.1
31.8
70.1
66.5
61.4
70.0
72.2
68.4
69.4
76.8
65.1
74.0
41.4
33.6
34.9
52.3
42.4
38.8
61.3
75.3
60.8
58.4
42.9
66.2
67.0
60.3
59.4

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges: FY 2009
2006
63.1
63.5
70.7
68.0
80.1
66.0
66.8
58.4
63.5
31.6
69.0
66.0
61.8
70.4
70.8
67.5
68.4
75.4
62.4
71.9
41.8
35.4
33.8
54.1
41.4
38.4
60.7
74.7
61.8
57.1
39.0
66.6
65.4
60.0
61.2
2007
61.5
61.9
71.8
67.5
79.5
66.0
67.8
54.4
61.5
30.9
67.2
63.8
59.9
71.3
69.6
65.4
66.8
75.5
58.8
69.2
42.3
35.6
38.6
52.0
42.0
37.2
59.3
72.2
59.5
53.8
41.2
65.2
61.8
59.7
59.3
2008
60.2
60.4
70.4
65.2
79.9
63.3
65.2
53.9
59.8
28.9
65.1
62.3
58.1
72.1
69.6
65.5
66.6
75.4
61.0
68.6
41.9
32.0
36.7
50.2
44.7
36.3
59.4
74.3
60.3
52.0
41.8
65.1
63.6
58.2
58.6
2009
59.3
59.5
69.5
64.6
78.0
63.1
65.6
51.9
58.9
28.3
65.2
60.6
58.1
66.7
69.0
67.1
65.3
72.6
70.2
67.3
41.1
32.0
37.1
49.4
42.7
35.5
58.2
70.3
59.3
51.7
41.0
65.0
64.4
56.5
55.2
Appendix table 5-9

Sources of R&D funds at private and public academic institutions: 1989, 1999, and 2009
All institutions
Source of funds
1989
All sources
Federal government
State/local government
Industry
Academic institutions
Other
1999
All sources
Federal government
Industry
Other
2009
All sources
Federal government
Industry
Other
Private institutions
Amount
(current $millions) Percent distribution
Public institutions
Amount
Amount
14,979
8,993
1,224
994
2,698
1,071
100.0
60.0
8.2
6.6
18.0
7.2
5,166
3,796
123
362
451
433
100.0
73.5
2.4
7.0
8.7
8.4
9,814
5,196
1,100
633
2,246
638
100.0
52.9
11.2
6.4
22.9
6.5
27,544
16,112
2,022
2,033
5,382
1,995
100.0
58.5
7.3
7.4
19.5
7.2
8,878
6,391
177
693
837
780
100.0
72.0
2.0
7.8
9.4
8.8
18,666
9,721
1,845
1,340
4,546
1,215
100.0
52.1
9.9
7.2
24.4
6.5
54,935
32,588
3,647
3,197
11,198
4,305
100.0
59.3
6.6
5.8
20.4
7.8
17,413
12,382
416
1,018
2,059
1,539
100.0
71.1
2.4
5.8
11.8
8.8
37,522
20,206
3,231
2,179
9,139
2,767
100.0
53.9
8.6
5.8
24.4
7.4
NOTE: Science and engineering; non-S&E R&D activities not included. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
Colleges: FY 2009.
Appendix table 5-10

Top 100 academic institutions in S&E R&D expenditures, by source of funds: 2009
Rank/academic institution
All institutions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Johns Hopkins University, Thea (private)

University of Michigan, all campuses (public)
University of WisconsinMadison (public)
University of CaliforniaSan Francisco (public)
University of CaliforniaLos Angeles (public)
University of CaliforniaSan Diego (public)
Duke University (private)
University of Washington (public)
Pennsylvania State University, all campuses (public)
University of Minnesota, all campuses (public)
Total, top 10
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (private)
University of Pennsylvania (private)
Ohio State University, all campuses (public)
Stanford University (private)
University of CaliforniaDavis (public)
Cornell University, all campuses (private)
University of CaliforniaBerkeley (public)
University of Colorado, all campuses (public)
University of North CarolinaChapel Hill (public)
Texas A&M University (public)
Total, top 20
Washington University in St. Louis (private)
University of Pittsburgh, all campuses (public)
University of Florida (public)
Columbia University in the City of New York (private)
University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (public)
University of Arizona (public)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (public)
Georgia Institute of Technology, all campuses (public)
University of Southern California (private)
Northwestern University (private)
Total, top 30
Yale University (private)
University of Texas at Austin (public)
Harvard University (private)
Purdue University, all campuses (public)
Emory University (private)
Baylor College of Medicine (private)
Indiana University, all campuses (public)
University of Alabama at Birmingham, The (public)
Vanderbilt University (private)
Case Western Reserve University (private)
Total, top 40
University of Maryland at College Park (public)
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas (public)
Louisiana State University, all campuses (public)
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (public)
University of Rochester (private)
Scripps Research Institute, The (private)
North Carolina State University (public)
University of Chicago (private)
University of Kentucky, all campuses (public)
Michigan State University (public)
Total, top 50
All sources
Federal
government
State/local
government
Industry
Academic
institutions
All other
sources
54,935
1,856
1,007
952
948
890
879
805
778
753
741
9,610
736
727
716
704
682
671
652
648
646
631
16,424
628
623
592
590
579
565
564
562
533
515
22,175
509
506
462
454
449
449
441
432
432
416
26,725
409
402
401
397
395
382
381
378
373
373
30,617
32,588
1,588
636
508
484
468
511
439
619
439
391
6,082
533
499
340
478
296
363
262
500
432
261
10,046
414
463
233
483
195
288
288
322
375
301
13,408
379
309
386
175
296
267
198
300
336
313
16,367
247
207
158
148
296
288
135
301
145
164
18,458
3,647
9
4
39
30
23
36
23
13
63
63
303
1
17
119
24
57
80
45
28
61
133
869
19
17
98
16
157
33
36
11
10
7
1,273
6
22
3
50
8
2
6
*
1
17
1,388
23
48
86
100
13
4
116
6
48
43
1,873
3,197
37
41
18
65
47
62
184
77
103
33
667
103
47
120
58
35
27
71
40
12
35
1,216
36
10
36
13
44
19
19
44
73
12
1,520
17
49
19
67
24
18
23
21
6
6
1,772
11
24
18
20
22
24
41
8
15
11
1,966
11,198
97
272
283
165
199
134
97
43
146
177
1,613
8
62
103
67
211
118
171
42
141
181
2,716
90
99
182
56
100
181
191
168
76
142
4,001
28
96
*
161
100
64
150
83
56
55
4,795
118
39
112
106
44
47
89
32
122
138
5,642
4,305
126
54
104
204
154
136
63
26
2
78
946
92
101
35
77
82
84
102
38
*
21
1,577
70
35
44
21
83
44
29
17
*
54
1,973
80
30
55
1
21
97
63
26
32
24
2,403
10
84
28
22
21
19
*
31
43
17
2,678
Appendix table 5-10

51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
University of Nebraska, all campuses (public)

University of Maryland at Baltimore (public)
University of Cincinnati, all campuses (public)
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, all campuses (public)
University of Georgia (public)
California Institute of Technology (private)
University of Illinois at Chicago (public)
SUNY at Albany (public)
SUNY at Buffalo, all campuses (public)
University of Utah (public)
Total, top 60
University of Iowa (public)
University of CaliforniaIrvine (public)
Mt. Sinai School of Medicine (private)
Oregon Health & Science University (public)
University of South Florida (public)
New York University (private)
Colorado State University (public)
University of Hawaii at Manoa (public)
Washington State University (public)
University of Tennessee, all campuses (public)
Total, top 70
Arizona State University (public)
Boston University (private)
University of Virginia, all campuses (public)
SUNY at Stony Brook, all campuses (public)
Rockefeller University (private)
Wayne State University (public)
University of Miami (private)
University of MissouriColumbia (public)
University of Kansas, all campuses (public)
University of Connecticut, all campuses (public)
Total, top 80
Iowa State University (public)
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (public)
University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio (public)
Carnegie Mellon University (private)
University of Texas Health Science Center Houston (public)
Mississippi State University (public)
Medical University of South Carolina (public)
University of CaliforniaSanta Barbara (public)
Oregon State University (public)
University of MassachusettsWorcester (public)
Total, top 90
University of New Mexico main campus (public)
Wake Forest University (private)
Princeton University (private)
University of Oklahoma, all campuses (public)
Florida State University (public)
Yeshiva University (private)
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (public)
All sources
Federal
government
State/local
government
Industry
Academic
institutions
All other
sources
367
360
357
352
350
342
342
340
338
331
34,095
330
325
318
310
309
309
304
291
286
285
37,162
282
281
262
258
252
252
248
245
226
225
39,693
224
224
222
218
218
217
217
216
209
204
41,860
202
201
201
197
195
193
192
149
169
229
162
107
306
197
97
152
192
20,217
252
177
265
234
191
203
212
203
96
156
22,206
135
255
218
107
74
117
172
119
127
121
23,652
96
116
129
170
135
103
114
114
118
146
24,893
133
144
129
96
117
137
124
9
16
24
38
38
2
14
92
20
1
2,126
4
17
6
6
32
8
19
17
52
45
2,331
27
1
1
23
1
9
5
21
6
9
2,434
47
12
5
3
19
33
1
4
43
5
2,605
5
18
1
18
16
*
*
14
45
10
13
6
9
5
77
21
15
2,182
15
16
13
16
20
7
19
30
9
14
2,342
18
5
8
5
2
8
25
5
4
8
2,429
16
16
19
19
7
8
13
16
5
14
2,562
5
17
6
15
1
2
*
167
83
77
101
187
5
101
62
100
104
6,630
36
68
8
30
61
36
42
32
116
56
7,115
77
5
18
114
155
82
15
91
78
72
7,822
57
51
47
15
32
73
81
44
40
21
8,283
53
8
52
55
54
39
50
28
46
17
38
12
21
26
12
45
18
2,940
22
47
26
24
5
56
13
8
13
14
3,168
25
16
17
8
20
37
32
10
10
15
3,357
8
29
21
10
24
*
8
38
3
18
3,516
5
13
13
13
6
15
18
Appendix table 5-10

98
99
100
Dartmouth College (private)

University of South Carolina, all campuses (public)
Clemson University (public)
Total, top 100
All sources
Federal
government
State/local
government
Industry
Academic
institutions
All other
sources
189
187
186
43,804
134
108
55
26,071
1
2
19
2,686
3
5
15
2,632
40
57
92
8,783
12
16
4
3,632
* = <$500,000
aThe
Johns Hopkins University includes Applied Physics Laboratory, with $978 million in total R&D expenditures and $921 million in federally financed R&D expenditures.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges: FY
2009.
Appendix table 5-11

Top 50 academic institutions in non-S&E R&D expenditures, by non-S&E field: 2009
Rank/institution
All institutions
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
Purdue University, all campuses (public)

University of Michigan, all campuses (public)
Harvard University (private)
University of South Florida (public)
University of WisconsinMadison (public)
University of Texas at Austin (public)
University of Florida (public)
Oregon State University (public)
Florida State University (public)
Northwestern University (private)
Total, top 10
University of Central Florida (public)
University of CaliforniaLos Angeles (public)
Michigan State University (public)
University of Pennsylvania (private)
University of CaliforniaBerkeley (public)
New York University (private)
Arizona State University (public)
University of Washington (public)
University of Southern Maine (public)
Ohio State University, all campuses (public)
Total, top 20
University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz (public)
Brown University (private)
University of Colorado, all campuses (public)
Indiana University, all campuses (public)
Old Dominion University (public)
Vanderbilt University (private)
University of Southern California (private)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (private)
University of Minnesota, all campuses (public)
Texas A&M University (public)
Total, top 30
University of Louisville (public)
University of Georgia (public)
Georgia State University (public)
American University (private)
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (public)
University of Nebraska, all campuses (public)
Southern Illinois UniversityEdwardsville (public)
San Jose State University (public)
University of Oklahoma, all campuses (public)
Louisiana State University, all campuses (public)
Total, top 40
Washington State University (public)
Columbia University in the City of New York (private)
Syracuse University, all campuses (private)
Texas Tech University (public)
University of Cincinnati, all campuses (public)
Stanford University (private)
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, all campuses (public)
All non-S&E
fields
Education
Business and
management
Humanities
Other
2,386
70
63
63
62
62
60
52
49
43
40
563
35
34
33
31
30
30
30
28
27
27
869
26
26
26
25
24
24
24
24
21
21
1,110
20
20
18
18
18
18
17
16
16
16
1,288
15
15
15
15
13
13
13
921
9
18
11
31
5
24
8
1
26
9
141
29
17
17
10
12
14
7
10
4
21
280
24
7
14
7
14
19
6
5
10
15
401
8
10
6
2
6
3
15
3
7
3
465
3
2
5
3
4
10
10
341
15
12
*
9
38
7
3
*
2
21
107
6
8
3
9
2
2
1
*
3
*
142
*
1
2
6
5
*
1
13
5
5
180
1
*
3
2
1
4
1
2
*
2
197
4
*
2
3
*
1
1
253
3
3
1
2
10
3
2
*
1
1
25
*
5
*
3
4
3
4
4
1
3
52
2
13
1
*
2
1
5
3
2
1
81
*
3
1
2
2
6
*
*
1
2
98
1
*
*
1
4
*
*
871
44
30
52
20
8
26
40
47
14
9
290
1
3
12
10
12
11
18
14
20
3
394
1
4
10
12
3
4
11
3
5
1
448
11
7
9
11
9
5
1
10
8
9
527
8
13
7
8
5
2
2
Appendix table 5-11

Top 50 academic institutions in non-S&E R&D expenditures, by non-S&E field: 2009
Rank/institution
48
49
50
University of WisconsinMilwaukee (public)

University of Arkansas, main campus (public)
Princeton University (private)
Total, top 50
All non-S&E
fields
Education
Business and
management
Humanities
Other
12
12
12
1,423
6
5
2
514
3
2
*
212
1
1
9
117
2
4
2
580
* = <$500,000
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges: FY
2009.
Appendix table 5-12

Expenditures for academic R&D passed through to and received by subrecipients: FY 200009
Expenditures received
All passed
through
To educational
subrecipients
To other
subrecipients
All received
From higher
education
passthrough
entities
1,423
1,620
2,091
2,449
2,732
3,055
3,148
3,340
3,482
3,801
699
789
967
1,126
1,251
1,547
1,622
1,712
1,696
1,873
482
552
663
784
986
1,027
1,137
1,199
1,294
1,429
1,808
1,776
2,206
2,606
3,007
3,287
3,605
3,735
3,866
4,135
669
734
911
1,142
1,379
1,487
1,583
1,704
1,699
1,783
889
771
929
1,073
1,310
1,535
1,748
1,760
1,879
2,067
1,203
1,376
1,782
2,122
2,382
2,660
2,744
2,844
3,028
3,236
626
705
858
1,011
1,132
1,372
1,456
1,494
1,527
1,660
380
436
525
627
802
877
944
977
1,086
1,172
1,464
1,531
1,933
2,317
2,674
2,919
3,262
3,387
3,483
3,714
586
655
818
1,038
1,240
1,352
1,468
1,571
1,556
1,620
699
682
816
938
1,143
1,322
1,533
1,560
1,656
1,830
Expenditures passed through

Source of funds and year
All R&D
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Federally financed R&D
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
From other
passthrough
entities
NOTES: Science and engineering; non-S&E R&D not included. Total should be viewed as undercount because a small percentage of institutions does not have systems in
place to provide data on passthrough funding and data are not adjusted for nonresponse. Detail may not add to total because of rounding and because some institutions
could not break out totals by type of entity.
Colleges: FY 2009.
Appendix table 5-13

S&E research space in academic institutions, by field: FY 19882009
Field
1988
All fields
Agricultural and natural resources
Biological and biomedical sciences
Engineering
Health and clinical sciences
Physical sciences
Astronomy, chemistry, and physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Other sciences
Research animal space
All fields
Engineering
Physical sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Other sciences
All fields
Engineering
Physical sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Other sciences
1990
1992
1994
112
18
24
1
16
19
1
22
6
16
3
3
4
116
21
27
1
17
20
1
22
6
16
3
3
2
122
20
28
2
18
22
1
23
7
16
3
3
2
127
20
28
2
21
23
1
24
7
17
3
3
2
na
na
11
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
na
3.6
16.7
12.5
0.0
6.3
5.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-50.0
5.2
-4.8
3.7
100.0
5.9
10.0
0.0
4.5
16.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.7
4.5
0.0
4.3
0.0
6.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
na
na
na
22.2
100.0
16.1
21.4
0.9
14.3
17.0
0.9
19.6
5.4
14.3
2.7
2.7
3.6
100.0
18.1
23.3
0.9
14.7
17.2
0.9
19.0
5.2
13.8
2.6
2.6
1.7
100.0
16.4
23.0
1.6
14.8
18.0
0.8
18.9
5.7
13.1
2.5
2.5
1.6
100.0
15.7
22.0
1.6
16.5
18.1
0.8
18.9
5.5
13.4
2.4
2.4
1.6
na
na
na
na
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Millions of net assignable square feeta

136
143
148
155
22
25
24
27
30
31
32
33
2
2
2
2
22
23
24
26
25
25
26
28
1
1
1
1
25
26
27
27
7
8
8
8
18
18
19
19
3
3
3
4
4
5
5
5
2
3
3
3
1996
1998
1999
172.7
26.4
36.0
3.1
27.4
34.9
1.5
29.3
8.9
20.4
4.4
5.7
3.8
185.1
26.8
38.5
4.1
28.9
39.7
1.6
29.6
8.6
21.0
4.8
6.3
4.9
191.9
28.4
45.6
4.9
30.2
37.0
1.7
29.3
8.5
20.8
5.0
6.2
3.7
196.1
29.5
50.3
5.2
30.2
36.3
1.5
28.5
8.0
20.5
5.2
5.5
3.9
16.7
16.5
18.3
18.1
11.4
-2.2
9.1
55.0
5.4
24.6
50.0
8.5
11.3
7.4
10.0
14.0
26.7
7.2
1.5
6.9
32.3
5.5
13.8
6.7
1.0
-3.4
2.9
9.1
10.5
28.9
3.7
6.0
18.4
19.5
4.5
-6.8
6.3
-1.0
-1.2
-1.0
4.2
-1.6
-24.5
2.2
3.9
10.3
6.1
0.0
-1.9
-11.8
-2.7
-5.9
-1.4
4.0
-11.3
5.4
na
-1.2
10.9
-1.1
100.0
15.3
20.8
1.8
15.9
20.2
0.9
17.0
5.2
11.8
2.5
3.3
2.2
100.0
14.5
20.8
2.2
15.6
21.4
0.9
16.0
4.6
11.3
2.6
3.4
2.6
100.0
14.8
23.8
2.6
15.7
19.3
0.9
15.3
4.4
10.8
2.6
3.2
1.9
100.0
15.0
25.7
2.7
15.4
18.5
0.8
14.5
4.1
10.5
2.7
2.8
2.0
na
na
na
na
12
12
13
na
Change over previous period, percent
7.1
5.1
3.5
4.7
10.0
13.6
-4.0
12.5
7.1
3.3
3.2
3.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.8
4.5
4.3
8.3
8.7
0.0
4.0
7.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.2
4.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
14.3
0.0
0.0
5.9
0.0
5.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
33.3
33.3
25.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
50.0
0.0
0.0
9.1
0.0
8.3
na
Share of total square feet, percent
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
16.2
17.5
16.2
17.4
22.1
21.7
21.6
21.3
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
16.2
16.1
16.2
16.8
18.4
17.5
17.6
18.1
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.6
18.4
18.2
18.2
17.4
5.1
5.6
5.4
5.2
13.2
12.6
12.8
12.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
2.6
2.9
3.5
3.4
3.2
1.5
2.1
2.0
1.9
na
na
na
na
na = not applicable, question not asked

aPrecision
reflects level of detail at which data were originally published.
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Figures for research animal space listed separately and also included in individual field totals. S&E fields are those used in
the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP). NCES updates the CIP every 10 years; S&E fields here reflect the NCES 2000 CIP
update. For comparison of subfields in the FY 2005 and FY 2007 surveys, see S&E Research Facilities: FY 2007, detailed statistical tables.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Science and Engineering Research Facilities: FY 19882009.
Appendix table 5-14

Current expenditures for research equipment at academic institutions, by S&E field: Selected years, 19852009
Field
All fields
Science
Computer sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Life sciences
Biological sciences
Medical sciences
Life sciences nec
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Economics
Political science
Sociology
Social sciences nec
Sciences nec
Engineering
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Mechanical
Engineering nec
All fields
Science
Computer sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
1985
1990
1995
1998
1999
2000
672
548
35
48
8
18
16
5
283
52
105
114
12
6
142
7
54
71
10
9
10
3
1
2
4
15
124
7
NA
11
10
33
17
NA
46
1,013
792
48
72
11
27
20
13
420
54
171
177
19
10
191
13
73
91
14
11
15
4
1
3
7
25
220
13
NA
18
20
58
32
27
51
1,240
968
77
83
14
27
28
15
464
63
192
187
22
14
240
22
82
115
22
12
27
7
3
4
12
51
272
17
NA
22
22
68
42
28
73
1,296
998
63
102
15
37
33
17
496
76
191
213
16
14
255
25
92
122
16
13
22
4
3
4
11
33
298
19
6
28
21
82
51
29
60
1,328
1,042
63
99
14
35
37
13
557
72
245
221
19
12
249
29
103
106
11
12
18
4
2
3
9
32
286
22
8
27
23
70
51
28
57
1,437
1,131
56
100
12
37
34
17
630
77
269
263
21
10
251
25
104
110
13
14
19
3
2
3
11
51
306
20
14
26
29
72
54
30
61
1,091
890
57
78
13
29
26
1,403
1,097
66
100
15
37
28
1,521
1,187
94
102
17
33
34
1,516
1,167
74
119
18
43
39
1,531
1,201
73
114
16
40
43
1,621
1,276
63
113
14
42
38
2001
2002
Current $millions
1,514
1,703
1,182
1,340
65
101
88
132
12
15
29
33
34
74
11
11
689
737
83
72
284
296
303
339
20
29
12
10
242
276
15
19
101
123
113
122
13
12
14
19
17
17
2
2
2
2
3
4
9
9
55
48
333
364
23
24
15
18
31
30
32
43
79
79
48
54
49
41
55
74
1,670
1,849
1,304
1,455
72
110
97
143
13
16
32
36
38
80
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
1,820
1,435
99
121
18
42
50
11
819
78
337
371
33
8
298
19
120
139
20
23
18
3
2
3
9
49
385
22
20
32
31
86
55
61
78
1,894
1,500
105
126
20
43
41
22
836
79
348
376
34
8
339
25
118
160
36
18
14
2
2
2
8
54
394
21
19
55
34
81
55
38
91
1,879
1,440
72
123
26
44
40
13
825
72
326
378
49
9
325
23
113
159
30
15
18
2
2
3
11
53
439
20
29
37
29
91
76
51
106
1,828
1,385
70
123
34
35
44
10
757
75
301
343
37
9
329
20
122
153
34
18
12
2
1
2
7
67
443
22
25
39
27
94
84
54
98
1,835
1,407
76
136
31
37
62
7
748
79
273
351
46
9
311
29
113
143
25
14
18
1
1
3
14
95
427
23
27
37
28
92
74
54
92
1,899
1,465
85
145
27
39
70
9
819
104
308
373
34
8
302
28
114
136
25
15
20
2
1
2
15
71
433
34
28
39
31
88
76
52
85
1,956
1,482
90
128
18
47
53
11
800
80
297
385
39
9
332
30
135
148
20
24
24
1
2
5
17
75
472
27
31
48
33
98
77
58
100
1,934
1,525
105
129
19
45
53
1,957
1,550
109
130
21
44
42
1,879
1,440
72
123
26
44
40
1,770
1,341
68
119
33
34
43
1,728
1,325
72
128
29
35
58
1,751
1,350
78
134
25
36
65
1,782
1,350
82
117
16
43
48
Appendix table 5-14

Field
Life sciences
Biological sciences
Medical sciences
Life sciences nec
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Economics
Political science
Sociology
Social sciences nec
Sciences nec
Engineering
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Mechanical
Engineering nec
1985
8
460
84
171
185
19
10
231
11
88
115
16
15
16
5
2
3
6
24
201
11
NA
18
16
54
28
NA
75
1990
18
582
75
237
245
26
14
265
18
101
126
19
15
21
6
1
4
10
35
305
18
NA
25
28
80
44
37
71
1995
18
569
77
235
229
27
17
294
27
101
141
27
15
33
9
4
5
15
63
334
21
NA
27
27
83
52
34
90
1998
20
580
89
223
249
19
16
298
29
108
143
19
15
26
5
4
5
13
39
348
22
7
33
25
96
60
34
70
1999
15
642
83
282
255
22
14
287
33
119
122
13
14
21
5
2
3
10
37
330
25
9
31
27
81
59
32
66
2000
19
711
87
303
297
24
11
283
28
117
124
15
16
21
3
2
3
12
58
345
23
16
29
33
81
61
34
69
All fields
Science
Computer sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Life sciences
Biological sciences
Medical sciences
Life sciences nec
Physical sciences
100.0
81.5
5.2
7.1
1.2
2.7
2.4
0.7
42.1
7.7
15.6
17.0
1.8
0.9
21.1
100.0
78.2
4.7
7.1
1.1
2.7
2.0
1.3
41.5
5.3
16.9
17.5
1.9
1.0
18.9
100.0
78.1
6.2
6.7
1.1
2.2
2.3
1.2
37.4
5.1
15.5
15.1
1.8
1.1
19.4
100.0
77.0
4.9
7.9
1.2
2.9
2.5
1.3
38.3
5.9
14.7
16.4
1.2
1.1
19.7
100.0
78.5
4.7
7.5
1.1
2.6
2.8
1.0
41.9
5.4
18.4
16.6
1.4
0.9
18.8
100.0
78.7
3.9
7.0
0.8
2.6
2.4
1.2
43.8
5.4
18.7
18.3
1.5
0.7
17.5
2001
2002
12
12
760
800
92
78
313
321
334
368
22
31
13
11
267
300
17
21
111
134
125
132
14
13
15
21
19
18
2
2
2
2
3
4
10
10
61
52
367
395
25
26
17
20
34
33
35
47
87
86
53
59
54
45
61
80
100.0
100.0
78.1
78.7
4.3
5.9
5.8
7.8
0.8
0.9
1.9
1.9
2.2
4.3
0.7
0.6
45.5
43.3
5.5
4.2
18.8
17.4
20.0
19.9
1.3
1.7
0.8
0.6
16.0
16.2
2003
12
870
83
358
394
35
9
317
20
128
148
21
24
19
3
2
3
10
52
409
23
21
34
33
91
58
65
83
2004
23
864
82
360
389
35
8
350
26
122
165
37
19
14
2
2
2
8
56
407
22
20
57
35
84
57
39
94
2005
13
825
72
326
378
49
9
325
23
113
159
30
15
18
2
2
3
11
53
439
20
29
37
29
91
76
51
106
2006
10
733
73
292
332
36
9
319
19
118
148
33
17
12
2
1
2
7
65
429
21
24
38
26
91
81
52
95
2007
7
704
74
257
330
43
8
293
27
106
135
24
13
17
1
1
3
13
89
402
22
25
35
26
87
70
51
87
2008
8
755
96
284
344
31
7
278
26
105
125
23
14
18
2
1
2
14
65
399
31
26
36
29
81
70
48
78
2009
10
729
73
271
351
36
8
302
27
123
135
18
22
22
1
2
5
15
68
430
25
28
44
30
89
70
53
91
100.0
78.8
5.4
6.6
1.0
2.3
2.7
0.6
45.0
4.3
18.5
20.4
1.8
0.4
16.4
100.0
79.2
5.5
6.7
1.1
2.3
2.2
1.2
44.1
4.2
18.4
19.9
1.8
0.4
17.9
100.0
76.6
3.8
6.5
1.4
2.3
2.1
0.7
43.9
3.8
17.3
20.1
2.6
0.5
17.3
100.0
75.8
3.8
6.7
1.9
1.9
2.4
0.5
41.4
4.1
16.5
18.8
2.0
0.5
18.0
100.0
76.7
4.1
7.4
1.7
2.0
3.4
0.4
40.8
4.3
14.9
19.1
2.5
0.5
16.9
100.0
77.1
4.5
7.6
1.4
2.1
3.7
0.5
43.1
5.5
16.2
19.6
1.8
0.4
15.9
100.0
75.8
4.6
6.5
0.9
2.4
2.7
0.6
40.9
4.1
15.2
19.7
2.0
0.5
17.0
Appendix table 5-14

Field
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Economics
Political science
Sociology
Social sciences nec
Sciences nec
Engineering
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Mechanical
Engineering nec
1985
1.0
8.0
10.6
1.5
1.3
1.5
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.6
2.2
18.5
1.0
NA
1.6
1.5
4.9
2.5
NA
6.8
1990
1.3
7.2
9.0
1.4
1.1
1.5
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.7
2.5
21.7
1.3
NA
1.8
2.0
5.7
3.2
2.7
5.0
1995
1.8
6.6
9.3
1.8
1.0
2.2
0.6
0.2
0.3
1.0
4.1
21.9
1.4
NA
1.8
1.8
5.5
3.4
2.3
5.9
1998
1.9
7.1
9.4
1.2
1.0
1.7
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.8
2.5
23.0
1.5
0.5
2.2
1.6
6.3
3.9
2.2
4.6
1999
2.2
7.8
8.0
0.8
0.9
1.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.7
2.4
21.5
1.7
0.6
2.0
1.7
5.3
3.8
2.1
4.3
2000
1.7
7.2
7.7
0.9
1.0
1.3
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.8
3.5
21.3
1.4
1.0
1.8
2.0
5.0
3.8
2.1
4.2
2001
1.0
6.7
7.5
0.9
0.9
1.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.6
3.6
22.0
1.5
1.0
2.0
2.1
5.2
3.2
3.2
3.6
2002
1.1
7.2
7.2
0.7
1.1
1.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.5
2.8
21.4
1.4
1.1
1.8
2.5
4.6
3.2
2.4
4.3
2003
1.0
6.6
7.6
1.1
1.3
1.0
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.5
2.7
21.2
1.2
1.1
1.8
1.7
4.7
3.0
3.4
4.3
2004
1.3
6.2
8.4
1.9
1.0
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
2.9
20.8
1.1
1.0
2.9
1.8
4.3
2.9
2.0
4.8
2005
1.2
6.0
8.5
1.6
0.8
1.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.6
2.8
23.4
1.1
1.5
2.0
1.5
4.8
4.0
2.7
5.6
2006
1.1
6.7
8.4
1.9
1.0
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.4
3.7
24.2
1.2
1.4
2.1
1.5
5.1
4.6
3.0
5.4

NOTES: See appendix table 4-1 for gross domestic product implicit price deflators used to convert current dollars to constant 2005 dollars. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges: FY 2009.
2007
1.6
6.2
7.8
1.4
0.8
1.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.8
5.2
23.3
1.3
1.5
2.0
1.5
5.0
4.0
2.9
5.0
2008
1.5
6.0
7.2
1.3
0.8
1.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.8
3.7
22.8
1.8
1.5
2.1
1.6
4.6
4.0
2.7
4.5
2009
1.5
6.9
7.6
1.0
1.2
1.2
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.9
3.8
24.1
1.4
1.6
2.5
1.7
5.0
3.9
3.0
5.1
Appendix table 5-15

Federal share of current funding for research equipment at academic institutions, by S&E field: Selected years, 19852009
(Percent)
Field
All fields
Science
Computer sciences
Earth sciences
Oceanography
Life sciences
Biological sciences
Medical sciences
Life sciences nec
Physical sciences
Astronomy
Chemistry
Physics
Psychology
Social sciences
Economics
Political science
Sociology
Social sciences nec
Sciences nec
Engineering
Chemical
Civil
Electrical
Mechanical
Engineering nec
1985
64.4
64.7
83.0
67.7
84.2
56.3
74.2
60.7
55.6
29.1
67.3
57.4
49.1
82.1
79.8
69.3
76.6
84.5
70.9
71.5
40.1
35.6
32.1
53.5
39.1
46.2
62.9
75.0
NA
58.7
58.5
68.5
65.1
NA
58.5
1990
59.9
60.1
65.8
65.9
76.8
56.8
75.1
61.4
53.2
28.3
60.2
54.3
50.6
65.7
75.2
63.1
71.2
81.1
69.5
63.8
32.4
27.2
24.4
43.2
32.8
46.0
58.9
81.1
NA
46.1
58.7
61.8
56.8
66.5
52.2
1995
59.3
59.0
63.5
69.9
71.5
63.0
76.5
68.5
48.6
31.9
56.0
48.3
34.6
65.5
74.5
61.5
69.8
81.7
67.6
63.4
39.5
38.9
36.8
46.9
38.0
63.7
60.4
77.5
NA
58.8
44.2
61.7
63.7
50.5
62.7
1998
59.7
59.8
70.4
67.8
81.0
66.4
70.8
53.8
50.9
32.0
56.5
53.2
43.1
70.5
73.8
81.6
66.8
76.4
81.5
62.4
39.8
34.3
46.9
47.7
36.6
46.7
59.6
69.1
42.3
55.5
43.1
66.7
64.2
59.4
52.7
1999
58.2
58.1
69.0
67.4
78.7
59.3
72.1
63.0
49.9
33.3
57.0
48.3
41.2
64.3
74.7
86.5
67.1
79.7
67.1
65.4
38.0
37.3
31.8
42.5
38.0
26.1
58.5
70.7
46.7
49.1
49.1
65.3
63.7
60.9
49.5
2000
56.3
56.6
60.4
63.9
79.0
50.9
74.4
60.8
52.8
28.0
60.2
53.1
43.9
67.1
69.9
83.4
61.1
76.8
55.2
64.0
32.3
54.3
36.7
44.9
22.0
24.9
55.1
63.7
43.1
52.3
35.2
61.8
64.9
60.9
46.4
2001
55.4
56.0
64.0
61.4
74.0
55.3
63.4
56.8
52.6
28.3
58.7
53.7
49.3
51.9
66.8
83.1
57.5
71.9
76.3
62.8
36.8
40.1
35.6
35.5
36.6
38.5
53.4
71.3
47.4
51.7
39.1
58.4
59.2
45.1
52.3
2002
59.0
59.2
73.7
61.5
75.9
58.2
61.5
51.5
55.5
29.8
59.5
58.3
45.5
66.5
70.1
80.6
61.8
76.5
72.8
70.8
36.6
36.7
21.3
43.0
37.4
18.4
58.5
79.0
52.7
55.2
59.1
59.9
63.6
53.2
51.9
2003
63.3
64.1
83.3
73.0
80.5
61.7
81.2
67.2
59.9
40.4
63.8
61.2
51.3
71.2
73.0
74.4
64.8
78.8
81.3
74.1
45.1
56.9
51.0
50.9
38.0
19.5
60.4
83.5
57.8
55.7
60.7
67.7
69.1
45.8
53.7
2004
62.0
63.5
80.5
74.3
80.3
67.0
79.5
73.2
60.7
39.5
63.3
62.7
60.9
72.7
68.1
79.5
66.0
71.4
52.6
71.7
44.5
35.6
72.2
48.3
39.2
20.2
56.4
71.9
53.0
32.4
61.0
69.1
65.8
65.1
45.3
2005
62.6
64.1
78.9
77.0
88.4
67.6
79.0
80.4
61.7
42.5
62.6
66.4
48.0
75.2
69.5
77.3
70.9
73.2
39.2
63.2
39.0
42.0
56.9
39.7
35.6
25.6
57.6
67.5
43.5
53.9
58.1
66.7
69.7
66.1
40.3

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Research and Development Expenditures at Universities and Colleges: FY 2009
2006
59.6
60.2
73.4
73.2
87.7
63.9
68.4
77.9
56.3
36.1
59.6
57.5
58.2
69.0
67.1
82.0
65.0
72.9
40.1
68.5
38.6
33.0
54.7
29.1
40.9
32.5
57.7
62.7
46.1
57.7
46.1
66.5
77.8
58.3
36.9
2007
58.2
58.4
70.8
74.9
87.7
64.8
75.9
61.6
53.3
30.4
56.3
53.9
71.0
74.5
69.4
83.6
64.5
76.2
37.2
61.1
59.9
41.0
50.8
52.7
64.0
26.3
57.7
65.2
50.2
51.0
49.2
66.6
72.4
65.2
37.8
2008
56.7
56.6
79.3
70.5
84.8
53.8
75.8
57.6
48.8
27.2
53.2
50.5
56.9
68.3
70.1
77.9
62.6
78.8
47.6
58.3
62.0
36.5
31.3
60.7
68.7
30.9
56.9
72.1
53.1
46.4
52.9
63.6
62.1
61.6
43.8
2009
55.3
55.1
76.7
65.9
75.7
61.6
67.3
61.6
49.1
28.1
57.0
47.4
49.1
62.9
64.3
70.4
60.5
66.6
64.4
60.8
70.7
26.3
41.3
74.7
75.4
25.9
55.7
62.3
53.9
44.9
43.1
59.6
65.1
54.8
53.4
Appendix table 5-16

SEH doctorate holders employed in academia, by type of position and degree field: 19732008
(Thousands)
Position and field
All positions
All fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
118.0
25.5
9.7
NA
34.9
12.2
23.4
12.4
134.1
27.5
11.0
NA
39.4
14.8
28.0
13.4
145.4
29.2
11.7
NA
42.6
16.2
31.1
14.8
155.3
28.8
12.2
0.1
47.0
17.7
33.6
15.8
167.1
30.0
12.4
0.3
51.3
20.1
36.9
16.1
176.1
29.9
12.9
0.5
54.9
21.0
38.9
18.1
190.2
32.2
13.6
0.8
58.7
23.1
42.0
19.9
195.9
32.8
13.8
1.1
61.3
23.7
42.2
21.2
206.6
33.6
14.5
1.5
64.8
25.0
44.5
22.9
210.6
33.7
15.2
2.0
66.9
25.2
44.8
22.8
213.8
35.0
15.5
2.5
68.2
25.0
44.4
23.1
217.5
35.7
14.6
3.1
71.6
26.1
42.5
23.8
232.5
37.5
15.6
3.3
77.3
27.3
44.9
26.6
240.2
38.7
15.2
3.7
81.9
29.0
46.2
25.5
245.5
38.6
14.9
3.8
84.3
30.4
46.9
26.6
259.5
39.9
16.7
5.2
90.0
31.8
48.1
27.8
272.8
39.6
17.4
5.8
95.5
35.0
50.0
29.6
272.8
39.3
17.4
6.9
94.0
34.3
50.9
29.8
103.3
20.8
9.3
NA
29.5
10.8
21.6
11.3
116.4
22.3
10.4
NA
33.1
12.8
25.5
12.2
125.6
23.6
10.9
NA
34.9
13.9
28.8
13.5
131.2
23.5
11.4
0.1
37.3
14.3
30.4
14.3
141.9
24.3
11.7
0.3
40.9
16.4
33.7
14.7
148.4
24.2
12.3
0.4
43.5
17.3
34.4
16.4
156.9
25.4
12.7
0.7
45.6
18.5
36.1
17.9
164.4
26.4
12.9
0.9
48.1
19.2
37.7
19.3
169.8
26.2
13.5
1.3
49.3
20.2
39.0
20.2
173.1
26.2
14.2
1.8
51.1
20.7
39.0
20.1
172.4
25.8
14.7
2.3
50.8
19.5
39.2
20.1
171.4
25.6
13.0
2.8
52.8
20.1
37.1
20.0
178.4
26.5
13.6
3.0
55.2
20.8
37.7
21.5
184.0
27.3
13.1
3.3
58.1
21.9
39.2
21.1
187.4
27.5
12.6
3.3
60.4
22.6
39.2
21.9
195.0
28.4
14.2
4.2
63.7
22.0
40.1
22.3
197.1
27.8
14.1
4.9
64.5
23.7
39.8
22.3
199.5
27.7
14.5
5.7
64.8
23.3
41.0
22.5
Full-time professors
All fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
42.6
9.0
3.2
NA
12.3
3.9
9.4
4.7
47.9
10.0
3.5
0.0
13.6
4.6
10.6
5.6
51.0
10.8
3.9
0.0
13.9
4.8
11.3
6.4
57.5
11.7
4.4
0.0
15.5
5.6
12.9
7.4
64.4
13.1
5.0
0.0
17.0
6.5
14.7
8.0
69.9
13.9
5.6
0.0
19.3
7.0
15.1
9.0
72.8
14.6
6.1
0.0
19.6
7.6
15.9
9.2
79.1
15.5
6.5
0.0
21.7
8.3
16.8
10.4
83.1
15.5
6.9
0.1
22.5
9.1
18.5
10.6
82.5
14.8
6.7
0.1
22.9
9.5
18.6
9.9
80.0
14.2
7.1
0.2
21.2
8.7
18.4
10.3
77.7
13.9
6.6
0.3
22.5
8.7
16.6
9.1
80.9
13.8
6.9
0.3
22.5
9.5
17.1
10.7
83.1
14.2
6.6
0.7
23.3
9.4
18.2
10.6
84.8
14.0
6.6
0.8
24.5
9.9
18.2
10.7
87.7
14.3
7.2
1.2
25.7
9.8
18.6
10.9
85.3
13.3
6.9
1.6
25.6
9.8
17.5
10.6
89.3
13.9
6.9
1.9
26.5
10.1
18.5
11.6
Full-time associate professors

All fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
31.4
6.2
2.8
NA
8.6
3.3
6.5
4.0
36.3
7.1
3.4
0.0
9.8
4.1
7.9
4.2
39.7
7.2
3.7
0.0
10.7
4.3
9.4
4.4
39.7
7.1
3.9
0.0
11.5
4.3
8.8
4.2
42.9
6.6
4.0
0.0
12.5
5.2
10.2
4.4
45.7
6.3
4.1
0.1
13.4
5.9
11.2
4.7
46.9
6.3
4.0
0.1
14.1
5.9
11.8
4.7
48.2
6.1
4.1
0.3
14.1
6.0
12.7
4.9
47.9
5.8
4.0
0.4
14.0
5.9
12.6
5.3
50.5
6.3
5.1
0.8
14.6
5.9
12.0
5.9
48.6
6.4
4.4
0.7
14.6
5.6
11.6
5.3
49.6
6.1
4.0
1.4
14.7
5.8
11.5
6.2
51.0
6.5
3.9
1.4
15.8
5.8
11.7
5.8
53.6
6.6
4.1
1.4
17.3
6.2
11.9
6.0
52.2
6.7
3.6
1.6
16.7
6.0
11.4
6.1
54.3
6.9
4.0
1.7
17.7
5.9
12.1
5.9
54.1
6.9
3.8
1.6
18.1
6.3
11.8
5.6
55.6
6.8
4.1
1.9
17.9
6.9
12.2
5.8
Full-time junior faculty

All fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
29.3
5.6
3.3
NA
8.5
3.6
5.7
32.1
5.2
3.5
NA
9.7
4.2
7.1
34.9
5.7
3.3
NA
10.3
4.8
8.2
34.0
4.7
3.1
0.1
10.3
4.4
8.6
34.6
4.6
2.6
0.2
11.3
4.8
8.8
32.8
4.0
2.5
0.3
10.8
4.5
8.1
37.2
4.6
2.7
0.6
11.9
5.0
8.4
37.2
4.7
2.4
0.6
12.3
4.9
8.2
38.7
4.8
2.6
0.9
12.8
5.2
7.9
40.1
5.0
2.4
1.0
13.7
5.4
8.4
43.8
5.2
3.2
1.4
15.0
5.2
9.3
44.0
5.6
2.4
1.2
15.6
5.5
9.0
46.4
6.1
2.8
1.3
16.9
5.5
8.9
47.4
6.6
2.4
1.2
17.5
6.2
9.1
50.5
6.7
2.3
0.9
19.2
6.6
9.6
53.0
7.2
3.0
1.3
20.3
6.3
9.5
57.7
7.5
3.4
1.7
20.8
7.6
10.5
54.6
6.9
3.4
1.9
20.4
6.4
10.3
All full-time faculty

All fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Appendix table 5-16

SEH doctorate holders employed in academia, by type of position and degree field: 19732008
(Thousands)
Position and field
Engineering
1973
2.6
1975
2.5
1977
2.7
1979
2.8
1981
2.3
1983
2.7
1985
4.0
1987
4.0
1989
4.3
1991
4.3
1993
4.5
1995
4.8
1997
5.0
1999
4.5
2001
5.1
2003
5.5
2006
6.1
2008
5.2
Other full-time positions

All fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
7.6
2.2
0.2
NA
2.5
0.8
1.0
0.8
8.3
2.2
0.3
NA
2.4
1.0
1.5
0.9
8.8
2.4
0.4
NA
2.8
1.2
1.2
0.8
11.4
2.5
0.4
0.0
3.9
1.8
1.9
0.9
12.6
2.9
0.4
0.0
4.0
2.2
2.0
1.1
13.4
3.0
0.3
0.1
4.6
2.2
2.2
1.1
18.1
3.7
0.5
0.1
6.2
2.9
3.2
1.5
16.4
3.4
0.4
0.1
6.0
2.8
2.6
1.1
19.2
4.0
0.5
0.1
6.7
2.9
3.5
1.5
20.2
4.1
0.6
0.1
7.2
2.8
3.5
1.8
22.2
4.8
0.5
0.2
7.7
3.9
3.7
1.5
23.9
4.9
0.6
0.2
8.4
3.9
3.6
2.1
26.4
6.0
0.8
0.2
8.4
4.0
3.9
3.1
29.3
7.0
0.8
0.3
9.5
4.6
4.3
3.0
31.7
7.1
1.0
0.3
10.5
4.9
4.5
3.4
35.4
7.7
1.2
0.6
12.2
5.7
4.4
3.6
36.7
6.4
1.1
0.6
13.8
6.0
5.6
3.1
39.9
6.8
1.4
0.8
14.5
6.3
5.6
4.4
Postdocs
All fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
4.2
1.8
0.0
NA
1.9
0.2
0.1
0.2
6.2
2.2
0.1
NA
3.0
0.4
0.2
0.3
7.6
2.4
0.1
NA
4.0
0.5
0.3
0.4
8.1
2.0
0.1
0.0
4.7
0.6
0.3
0.3
8.5
2.1
0.1
0.0
5.2
0.6
0.3
0.2
8.3
1.6
0.1
0.0
5.1
0.6
0.6
0.3
8.7
2.1
0.1
0.0
5.2
0.7
0.3
0.2
9.3
2.3
0.3
0.0
5.6
0.7
0.1
0.5
11.5
2.7
0.2
0.0
6.8
0.8
0.4
0.6
9.9
2.2
0.1
0.0
6.4
0.5
0.3
0.5
13.3
3.5
0.0
0.0
8.2
0.4
0.2
1.0
16.8
4.4
0.5
0.1
9.2
1.1
0.4
1.2
18.9
3.8
0.5
0.1
10.8
1.3
0.7
1.7
18.5
3.4
0.6
0.1
11.7
1.2
0.5
1.1
17.5
3.0
0.8
0.0
11.0
1.2
0.6
0.9
15.7
2.6
0.5
0.1
10.0
0.9
0.5
1.1
23.3
3.9
1.0
0.1
12.8
1.7
0.9
3.0
18.0
3.3
0.5
0.2
10.5
1.0
0.3
2.1
Part-time positions
All fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
2.9
0.7
0.1
NA
0.9
0.4
0.7
0.1
3.2
0.7
0.2
NA
0.9
0.5
0.8
0.1
3.4
0.7
0.2
NA
1.0
0.6
0.8
0.1
4.5
0.8
0.3
0.0
1.2
1.0
1.0
0.3
4.0
0.7
0.2
0.0
1.2
0.8
1.0
0.2
6.0
1.1
0.2
0.0
1.7
1.0
1.6
0.4
6.5
1.1
0.2
0.0
1.7
1.0
2.2
0.3
5.7
0.8
0.2
0.0
1.6
1.0
1.8
0.3
6.2
0.7
0.3
0.0
1.9
1.0
1.7
0.5
7.4
1.2
0.3
0.0
2.3
1.2
2.0
0.5
5.9
1.0
0.3
0.0
1.6
1.2
1.3
0.5
5.5
0.9
0.5
0.0
1.2
1.1
1.3
0.4
8.9
1.2
0.7
0.1
2.9
1.1
2.6
0.3
8.2
1.0
0.7
0.1
2.6
1.3
2.2
0.4
9.0
1.0
0.6
0.1
2.4
1.8
2.7
0.4
13.3
1.1
0.9
0.2
4.0
3.2
3.1
0.8
15.7
1.5
1.2
0.1
4.4
3.6
3.7
1.1
15.4
1.6
1.0
0.1
4.3
3.7
3.9
0.8
NA = not available
SEH = science, engineering, and health
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Academic employment limited to U.S. doctorate holders employed at 2- or 4-year colleges or universities. Junior faculty includes assistant professors and instructors. Other
full-time positions include positions such as research associates, adjunct positions, lecturers, and administrative positions. Part-time employment excludes those employed part-time because they are students or retired. Physical
sciences include earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences; life sciences include biological, agricultural, environmental, and health sciences.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of the Survey of Doctorate Recipients.
Appendix table 5-17

SEH doctorate holders employed in academia, by type of position, sex, and degree field: 19732008
(Thousands)
Position, sex, and field
All positions
Both sexes, all fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
118.0
25.5
9.7
NA
34.9
12.2
23.4
12.4
134.1
27.5
11.0
NA
39.4
14.8
28.0
13.4
145.5
29.2
11.7
NA
42.6
16.2
31.1
14.8
155.3
28.8
12.2
0.1
47.0
17.7
33.6
15.8
167.1
30.0
12.4
0.3
51.3
20.1
36.9
16.1
176.1
29.9
12.9
0.5
54.9
21.0
38.9
18.1
190.2
32.2
13.6
0.8
58.7
23.1
42.0
19.9
195.9
32.8
13.8
1.1
61.3
23.7
42.2
21.2
206.6
33.6
14.5
1.5
64.8
25.0
44.5
22.9
210.6
33.7
15.2
2.0
66.9
25.2
44.8
22.8
213.8
35.0
15.5
2.5
68.2
25.0
44.4
23.1
217.5
35.7
14.6
3.1
71.6
26.1
42.5
23.8
232.5
37.5
15.6
3.3
77.3
27.3
44.9
26.6
240.2
38.7
15.2
3.7
81.9
29.0
46.2
25.5
245.5
38.6
14.9
3.8
84.3
30.4
46.9
26.6
259.5
39.9
16.7
5.2
90.0
31.8
48.1
27.8
272.8
39.6
17.4
5.8
95.5
35.0
50.0
29.6
272.8
39.3
17.4
6.9
94.0
34.3
50.9
29.8
Male, all fields

Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Female, all fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
107.2
24.0
9.0
NA
30.8
10.0
21.0
12.3
10.7
1.4
0.6
NA
4.0
2.2
2.4
0.1
120.3
25.9
10.3
NA
34.3
11.8
24.7
13.3
13.8
1.6
0.8
NA
5.1
3.0
3.3
0.1
129.0
27.4
10.8
NA
36.6
12.6
26.9
14.7
16.5
1.7
0.9
NA
6.0
3.6
4.2
0.1
136.0
26.9
11.3
0.1
40.1
13.5
28.5
15.7
19.4
1.9
0.9
0.0
6.9
4.3
5.2
0.2
144.0
27.8
11.3
0.3
42.9
14.9
30.9
15.9
23.1
2.1
1.1
0.0
8.4
5.2
6.0
0.2
149.8
27.7
11.8
0.4
44.5
15.1
32.3
17.8
26.5
2.2
1.1
0.1
10.3
5.9
6.5
0.3
159.2
29.8
12.3
0.7
46.7
16.0
34.3
19.5
31.1
2.5
1.3
0.1
12.1
7.1
7.7
0.4
162.0
30.0
12.5
0.9
47.9
16.2
33.9
20.6
34.0
2.8
1.4
0.1
13.3
7.6
8.3
0.6
168.0
30.5
13.0
1.3
49.5
16.5
35.1
22.2
38.7
3.1
1.5
0.2
15.3
8.5
9.4
0.7
168.7
30.8
13.9
1.6
50.1
16.0
34.6
21.8
41.9
3.0
1.4
0.4
16.8
9.2
10.2
1.0
166.9
31.4
13.7
2.1
49.4
14.7
33.4
22.1
46.9
3.6
1.7
0.5
18.8
10.3
10.9
1.1
165.1
31.4
12.8
2.5
50.1
14.7
31.3
22.3
52.4
4.4
1.8
0.6
21.5
11.5
11.2
1.5
173.3
32.4
13.5
2.6
52.6
15.4
31.9
24.8
59.2
5.1
2.1
0.7
24.7
11.9
13.0
1.7
175.8
33.4
12.9
2.9
55.1
15.6
32.4
23.4
64.4
5.3
2.2
0.8
26.7
13.4
13.8
2.1
175.0
32.8
12.6
2.9
54.9
15.7
31.7
24.3
70.5
5.8
2.3
0.8
29.4
14.7
15.2
2.3
180.7
33.7
13.8
4.3
56.6
15.6
32.0
24.8
78.7
6.1
2.9
1.0
33.4
16.2
16.2
3.0
182.7
32.3
14.1
4.5
57.9
16.0
31.9
26.0
90.1
7.3
3.3
1.2
37.6
19.0
18.2
3.6
179.4
31.7
13.7
5.5
55.3
15.5
32.0
25.8
93.4
7.7
3.8
1.4
38.8
18.8
19.0
4.0
Full-time senior faculty

Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
74.0
15.2
5.9
NA
21.0
7.3
15.9
8.7
84.3
17.1
6.9
NA
23.4
8.7
18.5
9.7
90.7
18.0
7.6
NA
24.6
9.1
20.7
10.7
97.2
18.8
8.3
0.0
27.0
9.9
21.7
11.6
107.3
19.7
9.1
0.0
29.6
11.7
24.9
12.4
115.6
20.2
9.7
0.1
32.6
12.8
26.3
13.7
119.7
20.8
10.0
0.1
33.7
13.5
27.7
13.9
127.3
21.5
10.5
0.3
35.8
14.3
29.5
15.3
131.0
21.4
10.9
0.4
36.4
15.0
31.1
15.9
133.0
21.2
11.8
0.9
37.4
15.3
30.6
15.8
128.6
20.6
11.5
0.9
35.8
14.3
29.9
15.7
127.3
20.0
10.6
1.7
37.2
14.5
28.1
15.3
131.9
20.5
10.8
1.7
38.3
15.3
28.8
16.6
136.7
20.7
10.8
2.1
40.6
15.6
30.1
16.6
136.9
20.7
10.2
2.4
41.2
15.9
29.6
16.8
142.0
21.3
11.2
2.9
43.4
15.8
30.7
16.8
139.4
20.2
10.7
3.2
43.7
16.1
29.3
16.2
144.9
20.7
11.1
3.8
44.4
16.9
30.7
17.3
69.7
14.7
5.6
NA
19.5
6.4
14.7
8.7
4.3
0.5
78.9
16.6
6.5
NA
21.6
7.6
16.9
9.7
5.4
0.5
84.7
17.4
7.2
NA
22.7
7.8
18.8
10.7
6.0
0.6
90.2
18.1
7.9
0.0
24.8
8.4
19.5
11.5
7.0
0.7
98.7
19.0
8.6
0.0
26.9
9.7
22.3
12.2
8.6
0.7
104.9
19.4
9.1
0.1
29.1
10.5
23.2
13.6
10.7
0.8
107.4
20.0
9.3
0.1
29.4
10.8
24.1
13.7
12.4
0.9
113.2
20.6
9.8
0.3
31.0
11.2
25.3
15.1
14.0
1.0
115.2
20.3
10.0
0.4
31.0
11.5
26.4
15.7
15.8
1.1
115.5
20.3
10.8
0.8
31.4
11.3
25.5
15.4
17.6
0.9
110.3
19.5
10.5
0.8
29.3
10.2
24.7
15.3
18.3
1.1
107.0
18.8
9.8
1.4
29.3
10.1
22.8
14.8
20.3
1.2
109.4
18.9
10.0
1.3
30.0
10.7
22.4
16.1
22.5
1.5
110.6
19.0
9.7
1.6
31.1
10.3
23.2
15.8
26.1
1.9
108.3
18.6
9.1
2.0
30.4
10.3
21.9
15.9
28.6
2.1
109.7
18.9
9.9
2.4
30.9
9.5
22.4
15.7
32.3
2.4
104.6
17.6
9.2
2.6
30.4
9.1
20.7
15.0
34.8
2.7
106.1
17.6
9.2
3.2
29.9
9.3
20.9
16.0
38.8
3.1
Male, all fields

Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Female, all fields
Physical sciences
Appendix table 5-17

(Thousands)
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
1973
0.3
NA
1.5
0.8
1.1
0.0
1975
0.4
NA
1.8
1.1
1.5
0.0
1977
0.4
NA
1.9
1.2
1.8
0.0
1979
0.4
0.0
2.2
1.4
2.2
0.1
1981
0.5
0.0
2.7
2.0
2.6
0.1
1983
0.6
0.0
3.5
2.4
3.1
0.2
1985
0.7
0.0
4.3
2.7
3.6
0.2
1987
0.8
0.0
4.8
3.1
4.1
0.2
1989
0.9
0.1
5.4
3.5
4.7
0.2
1991
1.0
0.1
6.1
4.0
5.1
0.4
1993
1.0
0.1
6.5
4.1
5.2
0.3
1995
0.8
0.3
7.8
4.4
5.3
0.5
1997
0.8
0.3
8.3
4.6
6.4
0.5
1999
1.1
0.5
9.5
5.4
7.0
0.8
2001
1.1
0.4
10.8
5.6
7.7
0.9
2003
1.3
0.5
12.5
6.3
8.3
1.1
2006
1.4
0.6
13.3
7.0
8.7
1.2
2008
1.9
0.6
14.5
7.6
9.8
1.3
Full-time junior faculty

Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
29.3
5.6
3.3
NA
8.5
3.6
5.7
2.6
32.1
5.2
3.5
NA
9.7
4.2
7.1
2.5
34.9
5.7
3.3
NA
10.3
4.8
8.2
2.7
34.0
4.7
3.1
0.1
10.3
4.4
8.6
2.8
34.6
4.6
2.6
0.2
11.3
4.8
8.8
2.3
32.8
4.0
2.5
0.3
10.8
4.5
8.1
2.7
37.2
4.6
2.7
0.6
11.9
5.0
8.4
4.0
37.2
4.7
2.4
0.6
12.3
4.9
8.2
4.0
38.7
4.8
2.6
0.9
12.8
5.2
7.9
4.3
40.1
5.0
2.4
1.0
13.7
5.4
8.4
4.3
43.8
5.2
3.2
1.4
15.0
5.2
9.3
4.5
44.0
5.6
2.4
1.2
15.6
5.5
9.0
4.8
46.4
6.1
2.8
1.3
16.9
5.5
8.9
5.0
47.4
6.6
2.4
1.2
17.5
6.2
9.1
4.5
50.5
6.7
2.3
0.9
19.2
6.6
9.6
5.1
53.0
7.2
3.0
1.3
20.3
6.3
9.5
5.5
57.7
7.5
3.4
1.7
20.8
7.6
10.5
6.1
54.6
6.9
3.4
1.9
20.4
6.4
10.3
5.2
26.0
5.2
3.1
NA
7.5
2.7
5.0
2.6
3.3
0.3
0.2
NA
1.1
0.9
0.8
0.0
27.5
4.9
3.2
NA
8.1
3.0
5.9
2.4
4.6
0.3
0.3
NA
1.6
1.2
1.2
0.0
28.9
5.2
2.9
NA
8.4
3.3
6.5
2.7
6.0
0.5
0.4
NA
1.9
1.5
1.7
0.0
27.3
4.3
2.7
0.1
8.1
2.8
6.6
2.7
6.8
0.5
0.4
0.0
2.2
1.6
2.1
0.1
27.1
4.1
2.2
0.2
8.9
3.0
6.5
2.2
7.5
0.5
0.4
0.0
2.4
1.8
2.3
0.1
25.2
3.5
2.2
0.3
8.1
2.6
5.9
2.6
7.7
0.5
0.3
0.0
2.7
1.9
2.1
0.1
27.8
3.9
2.3
0.5
8.5
2.7
6.0
3.8
9.4
0.6
0.4
0.1
3.4
2.3
2.4
0.2
27.2
4.1
2.0
0.5
8.5
2.7
5.6
3.8
10.0
0.7
0.4
0.1
3.8
2.2
2.6
0.2
27.6
4.1
2.2
0.8
8.4
2.9
5.2
4.0
11.2
0.7
0.4
0.1
4.5
2.3
2.7
0.3
28.1
4.1
2.2
0.8
8.8
3.0
5.3
3.9
12.0
0.9
0.3
0.2
4.9
2.4
3.0
0.4
29.7
4.2
2.7
1.1
9.5
2.3
5.9
4.0
14.1
1.1
0.5
0.3
5.5
2.9
3.4
0.5
28.5
4.1
2.0
1.0
9.5
2.4
5.5
4.1
15.6
1.5
0.5
0.2
6.1
3.1
3.5
0.7
29.5
4.5
2.2
1.0
9.8
2.1
5.5
4.4
17.0
1.6
0.6
0.3
7.1
3.4
3.5
0.6
30.1
5.1
1.7
0.9
10.4
2.7
5.4
3.9
17.3
1.5
0.7
0.2
7.1
3.5
3.7
0.5
31.0
5.1
1.7
0.7
11.0
2.7
5.5
4.3
19.4
1.6
0.6
0.2
8.1
3.9
4.1
0.8
31.5
5.5
2.1
1.0
11.2
2.4
4.9
4.5
21.5
1.7
0.9
0.3
9.1
3.9
4.6
1.0
33.3
5.6
2.4
1.3
11.1
2.8
5.3
4.8
24.4
1.9
1.1
0.4
9.7
4.8
5.2
1.3
31.7
5.0
2.4
1.4
10.8
2.4
5.8
3.9
22.9
1.9
1.0
0.5
9.6
4.0
4.5
1.3
7.6
2.2
0.2
NA
2.5
0.8
1.0
0.8
8.3
2.2
0.3
NA
2.4
1.0
1.5
0.9
8.8
2.4
0.4
NA
2.8
1.2
1.2
0.8
11.4
2.5
0.4
0.0
3.9
1.8
1.9
0.9
12.6
2.9
0.4
0.0
4.0
2.2
2.0
1.1
13.4
3.0
0.3
0.1
4.6
2.2
2.2
1.1
18.1
3.7
0.5
0.1
6.2
2.9
3.2
1.5
16.4
3.4
0.4
0.1
6.0
2.8
2.6
1.1
19.2
4.0
0.5
0.1
6.7
2.9
3.5
1.5
20.2
4.1
0.7
0.1
7.2
2.8
3.5
1.8
22.2
4.8
0.5
0.2
7.7
3.9
3.7
1.5
23.9
4.9
0.6
0.2
8.4
3.9
3.6
2.1
26.4
6.1
0.8
0.2
8.4
4.0
3.9
3.1
29.3
6.8
0.8
0.3
9.5
4.6
4.3
3.0
31.7
7.1
1.0
0.3
10.5
4.9
4.5
3.4
35.4
7.7
1.2
0.6
12.2
5.7
4.4
3.6
36.7
6.4
1.1
0.6
13.8
6.0
5.6
3.1
39.9
6.8
1.4
0.8
14.5
6.3
5.6
4.4
6.5
2.1
0.1
NA
7.2
2.1
0.2
NA
7.4
2.2
0.4
NA
9.4
2.3
0.2
0.0
10.0
2.6
0.3
0.0
10.3
2.7
0.2
0.1
14.3
3.4
0.4
0.1
12.0
2.9
0.5
0.1
13.9
3.5
0.4
0.1
14.4
3.6
0.5
0.1
15.4
4.2
0.4
0.1
16.1
4.1
0.4
0.2
18.0
5.2
0.7
0.1
20.5
6.0
0.8
0.2
21.4
6.1
0.8
0.2
23.7
6.6
0.8
0.6
23.4
5.2
0.8
0.5
23.6
5.4
1.0
0.7
Male, all fields

Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Female, all fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Male, all fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Appendix table 5-17

(Thousands)
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Female, all fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Postdocs
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Male, all fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Female, all fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Part-time positions
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
1973
2.0
0.7
0.8
0.8
1.1
0.1
0.0
NA
0.6
0.2
0.2
0.0
1975
1.9
0.8
1.3
0.9
1.0
0.1
0.0
NA
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.0
1977
2.2
0.9
0.9
0.8
1.4
0.2
0.1
NA
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.0
1979
3.0
1.4
1.6
0.9
2.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.5
0.3
0.0
1981
3.0
1.4
1.6
1.1
2.6
0.3
0.1
0.0
1.0
0.8
0.4
0.0
1983
3.2
1.4
1.7
1.0
3.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
1.3
0.8
0.5
0.0
1985
4.6
1.8
2.5
1.5
3.8
0.3
0.1
0.0
1.6
1.1
0.7
0.0
1987
4.1
1.6
1.8
1.0
4.5
0.5
0.1
0.0
1.8
1.3
0.8
0.0
1989
4.6
1.5
2.4
1.4
5.3
0.5
0.1
0.0
2.1
1.4
1.1
0.1
1991
4.9
1.2
2.4
1.7
5.8
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.4
1.6
1.1
0.1
1993
5.1
1.9
2.2
1.5
6.7
0.6
0.0
0.1
2.6
2.0
1.5
0.1
1995
5.6
1.7
2.1
2.0
7.7
0.8
0.1
0.0
2.8
2.2
1.5
0.1
1997
5.3
1.8
2.2
2.7
8.4
0.9
0.2
0.1
3.1
2.2
1.7
0.3
1999
6.2
2.1
2.6
2.6
8.8
0.8
0.1
0.1
3.3
2.5
1.7
0.3
2001
6.5
2.0
2.7
3.1
10.4
1.0
0.1
0.1
4.0
2.9
1.8
0.4
2003
7.4
2.5
2.7
3.1
11.7
1.1
0.3
0.0
4.8
3.1
1.7
0.5
2006
8.3
2.6
3.3
2.7
13.3
1.2
0.3
0.1
5.5
3.4
2.3
0.4
2008
7.7
2.4
2.9
3.7
16.3
1.4
0.4
0.1
6.9
3.9
2.7
0.7
4.2
1.8
0.0
NA
1.9
0.2
0.1
0.2
6.2
2.2
0.1
NA
3.0
0.4
0.2
0.3
7.6
2.4
0.1
NA
3.9
0.5
0.3
0.4
8.1
2.0
0.1
0.0
4.8
0.6
0.3
0.3
8.5
2.1
0.1
0.0
5.2
0.6
0.3
0.2
8.3
1.6
0.1
0.0
5.1
0.6
0.6
0.3
8.7
2.1
0.1
0.0
5.3
0.7
0.3
0.2
9.3
2.3
0.3
0.0
5.4
0.7
0.1
0.5
11.5
2.7
0.2
0.0
6.8
0.8
0.4
0.6
9.9
2.2
0.1
0.0
6.3
0.5
0.3
0.5
13.3
3.5
0.0
0.0
8.2
0.4
0.2
1.0
16.8
4.4
0.5
0.1
9.1
1.1
0.4
1.2
18.9
3.8
0.5
0.1
10.8
1.3
0.7
1.7
18.5
3.4
0.6
0.1
11.6
1.2
0.5
1.1
17.5
3.0
0.8
0.0
11.0
1.2
0.6
0.9
15.7
2.6
0.5
0.1
10.0
0.9
0.5
1.1
23.3
3.9
1.0
0.1
12.8
1.7
0.9
3.0
18.0
3.3
0.5
0.2
10.5
1.0
0.3
2.1
3.5
1.6
0.0
NA
1.5
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.0
NA
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.9
2.0
0.1
NA
2.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
1.3
0.2
0.0
NA
0.8
0.1
0.1
0.0
6.1
2.1
0.1
NA
2.9
0.4
0.2
0.4
1.6
0.3
0.0
NA
1.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
6.3
1.8
0.1
0.0
3.5
0.4
0.2
0.3
1.8
0.2
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.2
0.1
0.0
6.3
1.8
0.1
0.0
3.6
0.5
0.1
0.2
2.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.2
0.2
0.0
5.8
1.4
0.1
0.0
3.3
0.3
0.4
0.3
2.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.2
0.2
0.0
6.0
1.7
0.1
0.0
3.4
0.4
0.2
0.2
2.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.3
0.1
0.0
6.8
1.9
0.2
0.0
3.8
0.3
0.1
0.5
2.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.4
0.1
0.0
8.2
2.2
0.2
0.0
4.7
0.4
0.2
0.5
3.3
0.4
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.5
0.1
0.0
6.8
1.8
0.0
0.0
4.1
0.3
0.2
0.4
3.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.3
0.1
0.0
9.2
2.9
0.0
0.0
5.2
0.1
0.1
0.9
4.1
0.7
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.3
0.1
0.1
11.1
3.7
0.3
0.1
5.5
0.3
0.2
1.0
5.7
0.7
0.1
0.0
3.7
0.7
0.2
0.2
12.1
3.0
0.3
0.1
6.2
0.6
0.5
1.4
6.8
0.7
0.2
0.0
4.6
0.8
0.2
0.2
11.2
2.7
0.5
0.0
6.6
0.2
0.3
0.9
7.3
0.8
0.1
0.0
5.1
0.9
0.2
0.2
10.5
2.3
0.6
0.0
6.2
0.4
0.3
0.7
6.9
0.7
0.2
0.0
4.7
0.8
0.3
0.2
9.8
2.1
0.3
0.1
5.7
0.4
0.3
0.9
6.0
0.5
0.2
0.0
4.3
0.5
0.2
0.2
13.8
2.9
0.8
0.1
6.7
0.5
0.4
2.4
9.5
1.0
0.2
0.0
6.1
1.1
0.5
0.6
10.9
2.5
0.4
0.2
5.6
0.5
0.1
1.7
7.1
0.8
0.1
0.0
4.9
0.6
0.2
0.4
2.9
0.7
0.1
NA
0.9
0.4
3.2
0.7
0.2
NA
0.9
0.5
3.4
0.7
0.2
NA
1.0
0.6
4.5
0.8
0.3
0.0
1.2
1.0
4.0
0.7
0.2
0.0
1.2
0.8
6.0
1.1
0.2
0.0
1.7
1.0
6.5
1.1
0.2
0.0
1.7
1.0
5.7
0.8
0.2
0.0
1.6
1.0
6.2
0.7
0.3
0.0
1.9
1.0
7.4
1.2
0.3
0.0
2.3
1.2
5.9
1.0
0.3
0.0
1.6
1.2
5.5
0.9
0.5
0.0
1.2
1.1
8.9
1.2
0.7
0.1
2.9
1.1
8.2
1.0
0.7
0.1
2.6
1.3
9.0
1.0
0.6
0.1
2.4
1.8
13.3
1.1
0.9
0.2
4.0
3.2
15.7
1.5
1.2
0.1
4.4
3.6
15.4
1.6
1.0
0.1
4.3
3.7
Appendix table 5-17

(Thousands)
Social sciences
Engineering
Male, all fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Female, all fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
1973
0.7
0.1
1975
0.8
0.1
1977
0.8
0.1
1979
1.0
0.3
1981
1.0
0.2
1983
1.6
0.4
1985
2.2
0.3
1987
1.8
0.3
1989
1.7
0.5
1991
2.0
0.5
1993
1.3
0.5
1995
1.3
0.4
1997
2.6
0.3
1999
2.2
0.4
2001
2.7
0.4
2003
3.1
0.8
2006
3.7
1.1
2008
3.9
0.8
1.5
0.4
0.1
NA
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.1
1.4
0.3
0.1
NA
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.0
1.8
0.4
0.1
NA
0.5
0.2
0.5
0.1
1.5
0.3
0.1
NA
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.0
1.8
0.5
0.2
NA
0.4
0.2
0.4
0.1
1.6
0.2
0.1
NA
0.6
0.4
0.3
0.0
2.7
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.3
1.9
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.0
1.9
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.2
2.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.0
3.5
0.9
0.1
0.0
0.7
0.4
1.1
0.3
2.5
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.9
0.6
0.5
0.0
3.6
0.7
0.1
0.0
0.7
0.4
1.4
0.3
2.9
0.4
0.1
0.0
1.0
0.7
0.9
0.0
2.7
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.4
1.0
0.3
3.0
0.4
0.1
0.0
1.1
0.7
0.8
0.0
3.1
0.4
0.2
0.0
0.8
0.3
0.8
0.5
3.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
1.1
0.7
0.8
0.0
3.8
0.8
0.2
0.0
1.0
0.2
1.2
0.5
3.5
0.4
0.1
0.0
1.3
0.9
0.8
0.0
2.3
0.7
0.1
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.4
3.6
0.3
0.2
0.0
1.2
1.1
0.8
0.1
2.4
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.7
0.3
3.1
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.9
1.0
0.7
0.1
4.4
0.8
0.3
0.0
1.3
0.3
1.4
0.2
4.5
0.4
0.4
0.0
1.6
0.8
1.2
0.1
3.4
0.7
0.4
0.0
0.8
0.3
1.0
0.2
4.9
0.4
0.3
0.0
1.8
1.0
1.2
0.2
3.8
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.7
0.3
1.4
0.4
5.1
0.3
0.3
0.1
1.7
1.5
1.3
0.1
6.1
0.7
0.6
0.2
1.3
0.8
1.7
0.7
7.3
0.4
0.2
0.1
2.7
2.4
1.4
0.1
7.6
1.1
0.9
0.1
1.5
0.9
2.2
1.0
8.1
0.5
0.3
0.0
3.0
2.8
1.5
0.1
6.9
1.1
0.6
0.1
1.4
1.0
2.2
0.6
8.5
0.5
0.4
0.1
2.9
2.7
1.7
0.3
NA = not available
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Academic employment limited to U.S. doctorate holders employed at 2- or 4-year colleges or universities. Senior faculty includes professors and associate professors; junior
faculty includes assistant professors and instructors. Other full-time positions include positions such as research associates, adjunct positions, lecturers, and administrative positions. Part-time employment excludes those employed
part-time because they are students or retired. Physical sciences include earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences; life sciences include biological, agricultural, environmental, and health sciences.
Appendix table 5-18

SEH doctorate holders employed in academia, by type of position, degree field, and race/ethnicity: 19732008
(Thousands)
Position, race/ethnicity, and field
All positions
All races/ethnicities, all fields
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
118.0
25.5
9.7
NA
34.9
12.2
23.4
12.4
134.1
27.5
11.0
NA
39.4
14.8
28.0
13.4
145.4
29.2
11.7
NA
42.6
16.2
31.1
14.8
155.3
28.8
12.2
0.1
47.0
17.7
33.6
15.8
167.1
29.9
12.4
0.3
51.3
20.1
36.9
16.1
176.1
29.9
12.9
0.5
54.8
21.0
38.8
18.1
190.2
32.2
13.6
0.8
58.7
23.1
41.9
19.9
195.9
32.8
13.8
1.1
61.2
23.7
42.1
21.2
206.6
33.6
14.5
1.5
64.8
25.0
44.5
22.8
210.6
33.8
15.2
2.0
66.9
25.2
44.8
22.8
213.8
35.0
15.5
2.5
68.2
25.0
44.4
23.1
217.5
35.8
14.6
3.1
71.6
26.1
42.5
23.8
232.5
37.5
15.6
3.3
77.3
27.3
44.9
26.6
240.2
38.7
15.2
3.7
81.9
29.0
46.2
25.5
245.5
38.6
14.9
3.8
84.3
30.4
46.9
26.6
259.5
39.9
16.7
5.2
90.0
31.8
48.1
27.8
272.8
39.6
17.4
5.8
95.5
35.0
50.0
29.6
272.8
39.3
17.4
6.9
94.0
34.3
50.9
29.8
White, all fields

Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
107.7
23.0
8.8
NA
32.1
11.6
21.4
10.8
121.6
24.8
10.0
NA
35.8
13.9
25.3
11.6
131.4
26.1
10.6
NA
38.8
15.2
28.2
12.6
140.0
25.9
10.8
0.1
42.4
16.8
30.5
13.5
149.9
26.6
11.0
0.2
46.1
18.8
33.1
14.0
157.2
26.4
11.5
0.4
49.3
19.6
34.7
15.2
168.4
28.3
11.9
0.6
52.7
21.3
37.2
16.4
172.8
28.5
12.2
0.9
54.6
22.0
37.5
17.2
181.0
29.2
12.6
1.1
57.6
23.2
39.4
18.1
183.5
29.5
13.0
1.4
59.2
23.2
39.1
18.2
181.8
29.3
12.9
1.6
59.1
22.9
38.6
17.5
182.6
29.5
12.0
2.1
61.3
23.6
36.5
17.6
193.2
31.0
12.6
2.2
64.9
24.4
38.0
20.2
198.2
32.3
12.3
2.7
67.2
25.5
38.9
19.4
201.0
32.0
12.1
2.7
68.4
26.6
39.0
20.2
204.3
32.1
13.0
3.4
70.4
27.1
39.1
19.2
212.2
31.4
13.2
3.7
74.2
29.5
40.7
19.4
209.4
31.2
13.2
4.0
72.5
28.6
40.5
19.4
Asian/Pacific Islander, all fields

Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
5.0
1.2
0.4
NA
1.3
0.1
1.0
1.1
6.1
1.4
0.5
NA
1.8
0.1
1.1
1.1
6.7
1.5
0.5
NA
2.0
0.2
1.2
1.3
9.8
1.9
0.9
0.0
3.1
0.3
1.6
1.9
10.8
2.1
0.9
0.1
3.6
0.4
2.0
1.8
11.8
2.4
1.0
0.1
3.6
0.4
2.0
2.4
14.0
2.9
1.1
0.1
4.0
0.4
2.5
3.0
15.0
3.1
1.1
0.1
4.4
0.5
2.2
3.5
16.3
3.1
1.3
0.3
4.7
0.5
2.4
4.1
16.8
2.8
1.6
0.5
5.1
0.5
2.6
3.7
20.9
4.2
1.9
0.7
6.3
0.5
2.7
4.7
22.4
4.6
1.8
0.9
6.8
0.6
2.8
4.9
25.4
4.6
2.2
0.9
8.5
0.7
3.2
5.2
26.3
4.6
2.1
0.9
9.9
0.8
3.5
4.6
27.6
4.5
2.0
0.9
11.0
0.9
3.6
4.8
34.7
5.5
2.8
1.5
13.3
1.1
4.1
6.4
37.4
5.6
3.1
1.7
14.0
1.4
3.8
7.8
39.0
5.5
3.1
2.4
13.8
1.6
4.3
8.1
Underrepresented minority, all fields

Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
2.4
0.5
0.2
NA
0.8
0.3
0.5
0.2
3.2
0.5
0.2
NA
1.1
0.4
0.8
0.2
3.7
0.6
0.3
NA
1.2
0.6
0.8
0.3
4.9
0.8
0.4
0.0
1.3
0.5
1.5
0.4
5.8
1.0
0.4
0.0
1.5
0.8
1.8
0.3
6.5
1.0
0.4
0.0
1.7
1.0
2.0
0.5
7.2
1.0
0.5
0.0
1.8
1.2
2.1
0.5
7.8
1.1
0.5
0.0
2.1
1.2
2.3
0.5
9.0
1.2
0.6
0.1
2.4
1.3
2.8
0.7
9.9
1.3
0.5
0.1
2.6
1.5
3.0
0.9
10.7
1.5
0.7
0.1
2.7
1.6
3.1
0.9
12.4
1.6
0.8
0.2
3.5
2.0
3.2
1.2
13.7
1.9
0.7
0.1
3.9
2.3
3.6
1.2
15.6
1.8
0.8
0.2
4.7
2.7
3.9
1.5
16.8
2.0
0.8
0.2
4.9
2.9
4.3
1.6
20.4
2.3
1.0
0.3
6.2
3.6
4.9
2.1
23.2
2.6
1.1
0.4
7.4
4.0
5.5
2.3
24.4
2.6
1.1
0.4
7.7
4.0
6.1
2.3
103.3
20.8
9.3
NA
29.5
10.8
21.6
11.3
116.4
22.3
10.4
NA
33.1
12.8
25.5
12.2
125.6
23.6
10.9
NA
34.9
13.9
28.8
13.5
131.2
23.5
11.4
0.1
37.3
14.3
30.3
14.3
141.9
24.3
11.7
0.3
40.9
16.4
33.7
14.7
148.4
24.2
12.3
0.4
43.5
17.3
34.4
16.4
156.9
25.4
12.7
0.7
45.6
18.5
36.1
17.9
164.4
26.4
12.9
0.9
48.1
19.2
37.6
19.3
169.8
26.2
13.5
1.3
49.3
20.2
39.0
20.2
173.1
26.2
14.2
1.8
51.1
20.7
39.0
20.1
172.4
25.8
14.7
2.3
50.8
19.5
39.2
20.1
171.4
25.6
13.0
2.8
52.8
20.1
37.1
20.0
178.4
26.5
13.6
3.0
55.2
20.8
37.7
21.5
184.0
27.3
13.1
3.3
58.1
21.9
39.2
21.1
187.4
27.5
12.6
3.3
60.4
22.6
39.2
21.9
195.0
28.4
14.2
4.2
63.7
22.0
40.1
22.3
197.1
27.8
14.1
4.9
64.5
23.7
39.8
22.3
199.5
27.7
14.5
5.7
64.8
23.3
41.0
22.5
94.9
106.2
114.3
118.7
128.1
133.4
139.7
146.2
149.8
151.8
148.7
147.1
151.1
155.4
156.3
156.6
158.3
156.9
Full-time faculty
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
White, all fields
Appendix table 5-18

(Thousands)
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
1973
19.0
8.5
NA
27.5
10.3
19.7
10.0
1975
20.5
9.5
NA
30.4
12.1
23.2
10.6
1977
21.5
9.9
NA
32.1
13.0
26.1
11.6
1979
21.3
10.1
0.0
33.9
13.6
27.5
12.2
1981
22.1
10.3
0.2
37.2
15.4
30.1
12.7
1983
21.6
10.9
0.3
39.7
16.2
30.7
14.0
1985
22.8
11.1
0.5
41.3
17.1
32.2
14.8
1987
23.4
11.4
0.7
43.3
17.9
33.5
15.9
1989
23.3
11.7
1.0
44.4
18.8
34.4
16.2
1991
23.2
12.2
1.3
46.0
19.2
33.8
16.2
1993
22.2
12.3
1.5
45.1
18.0
34.1
15.6
1995
22.1
10.7
1.9
46.7
18.4
31.9
15.3
1997
22.6
11.0
2.0
48.3
18.8
31.8
16.7
1999
23.4
10.7
2.4
50.2
19.6
33.0
16.1
2001
23.2
10.1
2.3
51.4
20.1
32.8
16.5
2003
23.6
11.1
2.6
51.9
19.1
32.9
15.5
2006
23.2
10.9
3.0
52.7
20.3
32.8
15.4
2008
22.6
11.1
3.3
52.0
19.8
32.8
15.4

Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
4.0
0.7
0.4
NA
0.9
0.1
0.9
0.9
4.7
0.8
0.5
NA
1.2
0.1
1.1
1.0
5.0
1.0
0.5
NA
1.2
0.1
1.1
1.1
7.8
1.4
0.8
0.0
2.1
0.2
1.5
1.8
8.4
1.3
0.9
0.0
2.3
0.3
1.9
1.7
9.1
1.6
1.0
0.1
2.4
0.3
1.9
1.9
10.9
1.7
1.1
0.1
2.8
0.3
2.1
2.7
11.7
2.0
1.1
0.1
3.1
0.4
2.1
3.0
12.3
1.9
1.3
0.3
3.0
0.4
2.1
3.4
12.6
1.8
1.5
0.5
3.0
0.4
2.4
3.1
14.8
2.4
1.7
0.7
3.7
0.4
2.3
3.7
14.5
2.3
1.6
0.8
3.5
0.4
2.4
3.6
16.5
2.4
2.0
0.8
4.1
0.5
2.8
3.8
17.0
2.5
1.7
0.8
4.9
0.5
2.9
3.8
18.4
2.6
1.7
0.8
5.7
0.5
3.1
4.0
23.0
3.1
2.3
1.4
7.3
0.7
3.3
5.0
22.4
2.7
2.3
1.5
6.9
0.9
2.9
5.1
25.2
3.1
2.4
2.0
7.7
1.0
3.5
5.5

Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
2.0
0.4
0.2
NA
0.7
0.2
0.4
0.1
2.7
0.4
0.2
NA
0.9
0.3
0.6
0.2
3.2
0.4
0.2
NA
1.0
0.5
0.8
0.3
4.2
0.7
0.4
0.0
1.1
0.4
1.4
0.3
5.0
0.9
0.4
0.0
1.3
0.6
1.6
0.3
5.4
0.9
0.4
0.0
1.3
0.7
1.7
0.4
5.8
0.8
0.4
0.0
1.4
0.9
1.8
0.4
6.3
0.9
0.5
0.0
1.6
0.9
2.0
0.5
7.4
0.9
0.5
0.1
1.8
1.0
2.5
0.6
8.4
1.1
0.5
0.1
2.0
1.1
2.8
0.8
8.6
1.2
0.6
0.1
2.0
1.1
2.8
0.8
9.8
1.1
0.7
0.1
2.6
1.3
2.8
1.1
10.6
1.4
0.6
0.1
2.7
1.5
3.1
1.0
11.6
1.5
0.7
0.2
3.1
1.8
3.3
1.1
12.5
1.6
0.7
0.2
3.3
2.0
3.4
1.4
15.2
1.7
0.8
0.2
4.5
2.2
4.0
1.7
16.3
1.8
0.9
0.4
4.9
2.5
4.1
1.8
17.4
2.0
0.9
0.4
5.1
2.5
4.7
1.7
Postdocs
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
4.2
1.8
0.0
NA
1.9
0.2
0.1
0.2
6.2
2.2
0.1
NA
3.0
0.4
0.2
0.3
7.6
2.4
0.1
NA
4.0
0.5
0.3
0.4
8.1
2.0
0.1
0.0
4.7
0.6
0.3
0.3
8.5
2.1
0.1
0.0
5.2
0.6
0.3
0.2
8.3
1.6
0.1
0.0
5.1
0.6
0.6
0.3
8.7
2.1
0.1
0.0
5.2
0.7
0.3
0.2
9.3
2.3
0.3
0.0
5.6
0.7
0.1
0.5
11.5
2.7
0.2
0.0
6.8
0.8
0.4
0.6
9.9
2.2
0.1
0.0
6.4
0.5
0.3
0.5
13.3
3.5
0.0
0.0
8.2
0.4
0.2
1.0
16.8
4.4
0.5
0.1
9.2
1.1
0.4
1.2
18.9
3.8
0.5
0.1
10.8
1.3
0.7
1.7
18.5
3.4
0.6
0.1
11.7
1.2
0.5
1.1
17.5
3.0
0.8
0.0
11.0
1.2
0.6
0.9
15.7
2.6
0.5
0.1
10.0
0.9
0.5
1.1
23.3
3.9
0.9
0.1
12.8
1.7
0.9
3.0
18.0
3.3
0.5
0.2
10.5
1.0
0.3
2.1
White, all fields

Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
3.6
1.5
0.0
NA
1.7
0.1
0.1
0.1
5.0
1.8
0.1
NA
2.4
0.4
0.2
0.1
6.2
1.8
0.1
NA
3.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
6.8
1.6
0.1
0.0
4.1
0.6
0.3
0.2
6.9
1.5
0.1
0.0
4.4
0.6
0.3
0.1
6.8
1.4
0.1
0.0
4.3
0.5
0.5
0.1
7.1
1.4
0.1
0.0
4.5
0.7
0.3
0.1
7.4
1.5
0.2
0.0
4.7
0.6
0.1
0.2
9.0
1.8
0.1
0.0
5.6
0.8
0.3
0.3
7.1
1.4
0.1
0.0
4.8
0.4
0.2
0.2
9.1
2.4
0.0
0.0
5.9
0.3
0.1
0.3
11.2
2.6
0.3
0.0
6.5
0.9
0.3
0.5
12.5
2.5
0.3
0.1
7.0
1.1
0.6
0.9
11.9
2.3
0.5
0.1
7.2
0.9
0.3
0.7
11.4
2.2
0.7
0.0
6.7
1.0
0.4
0.6
9.9
1.5
0.4
0.1
6.4
0.7
0.3
0.5
13.4
2.4
0.6
0.0
7.3
1.3
0.6
1.2
10.4
1.9
0.4
0.0
6.5
0.8
0.2
0.7

Physical sciences
Mathematics
0.5
0.2
0.0
1.0
0.4
0.0
1.1
0.4
0.0
1.1
0.4
0.0
1.4
0.6
0.0
1.1
0.2
0.0
1.1
0.5
0.0
1.6
0.6
0.1
1.9
0.7
0.0
2.3
0.7
0.0
3.6
1.0
0.0
4.7
1.5
0.1
5.3
1.2
0.1
5.2
1.1
0.1
4.9
0.8
0.1
4.8
0.9
0.1
8.1
1.3
0.3
6.1
1.2
0.1
Appendix table 5-18

(Thousands)
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
1973
NA
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1975
NA
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.1
1977
NA
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.1
1979
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.1
1981
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.1
1983
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.2
1985
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.1
1987
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.2
1989
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.3
1991
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
1993
0.0
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.7
1995
0.0
2.2
0.1
0.0
0.7
1997
0.1
3.2
0.1
0.0
0.7
1999
0.0
3.6
0.1
0.1
0.2
2001
0.0
3.6
0.1
0.0
0.3
2003
0.0
3.0
0.1
0.1
0.5
2006
0.1
4.4
0.2
0.1
1.7
2008
0.2
3.1
0.2
0.1
1.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
NA
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
NA
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
NA
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.1
0.0
1.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.2
0.1
0.1
1.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.2
0.1
0.2
1.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.0
1.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.9
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.2
0.1
0.1
1.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
Other positions
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
10.5
2.9
0.4
NA
3.4
1.2
1.6
0.9
11.5
2.9
0.6
NA
3.3
1.5
2.2
1.0
12.2
3.1
0.7
NA
3.7
1.8
1.9
0.9
15.9
3.3
0.7
0.0
5.0
2.8
2.9
1.2
16.6
3.6
0.6
0.0
5.2
3.0
2.9
1.3
19.4
4.2
0.5
0.1
6.3
3.1
3.8
1.4
24.6
4.8
0.7
0.1
7.8
3.9
5.5
1.8
22.1
4.2
0.6
0.2
7.6
3.8
4.3
1.4
25.4
4.7
0.8
0.1
8.7
4.0
5.1
2.0
27.6
5.4
0.9
0.1
9.5
4.0
5.5
2.2
28.1
5.8
0.8
0.2
9.2
5.1
5.0
2.0
29.4
5.8
1.1
0.2
9.6
5.0
5.0
2.5
35.3
7.2
1.5
0.3
11.3
5.2
6.5
3.4
37.5
8.0
1.5
0.3
12.0
5.9
6.5
3.3
40.7
8.1
1.6
0.4
12.9
6.6
7.1
3.9
48.7
8.8
2.0
0.9
16.3
8.9
7.5
4.3
52.4
7.9
2.3
0.8
18.2
9.6
9.3
4.3
55.3
8.4
2.4
1.0
18.7
10.0
9.6
5.2
White, all fields

Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
9.3
2.5
0.3
NA
3.0
1.1
1.5
0.7
10.4
2.7
0.5
NA
2.9
1.5
2.0
0.9
10.9
2.8
0.6
NA
3.3
1.7
1.7
0.8
14.5
3.1
0.6
0.0
4.4
2.6
2.7
1.1
15.0
3.2
0.6
0.0
4.5
2.8
2.7
1.2
17.0
3.6
0.5
0.1
5.3
2.9
3.5
1.1
21.6
4.1
0.7
0.1
6.9
3.5
4.7
1.6
19.3
3.6
0.6
0.2
6.6
3.5
3.9
1.1
22.2
4.0
0.7
0.1
7.5
3.6
4.7
1.6
24.6
4.8
0.8
0.1
8.4
3.6
5.1
1.8
24.0
4.8
0.6
0.1
8.1
4.5
4.4
1.6
24.3
4.8
0.9
0.1
8.1
4.3
4.3
1.8
29.6
5.9
1.2
0.2
9.5
4.5
5.6
2.7
31.0
6.6
1.1
0.2
9.8
5.0
5.5
2.6
33.3
6.8
1.3
0.4
10.2
5.6
5.9
3.1
37.8
7.0
1.5
0.7
12.2
7.4
5.9
3.1
40.4
5.8
1.7
0.6
14.2
7.9
7.3
2.9
42.1
6.7
1.7
0.7
14.1
8.0
7.5
3.4

Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
0.6
0.2
0.0
NA
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.0
NA
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.6
0.1
0.1
NA
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.0
1.6
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.1
0.1
0.2
2.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.1
0.4
0.2
1.8
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.1
0.2
0.3
2.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.4
1.9
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.8
0.1
0.2
0.3
2.5
0.8
0.1
0.0
0.8
0.1
0.3
0.3
3.2
0.8
0.1
0.1
1.1
0.1
0.3
0.6
3.6
1.1
0.2
0.0
1.2
0.1
0.4
0.6
4.1
1.0
0.2
0.1
1.5
0.2
0.5
0.6
4.3
1.0
0.2
0.0
1.7
0.3
0.5
0.5
6.9
1.4
0.4
0.1
3.0
0.3
0.7
0.9
6.9
1.6
0.5
0.1
2.6
0.3
0.8
1.0
7.8
1.2
0.6
0.2
3.0
0.5
0.8
1.4

Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
0.3
0.1
0.0
NA
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.0
NA
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
NA
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.3
1.5
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.3
1.8
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.4
2.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.6
2.5
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.8
3.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
1.0
4.1
0.5
0.1
0.0
1.1
5.0
0.5
0.1
0.0
1.4
5.5
0.5
0.2
0.0
1.7

Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Appendix table 5-18

(Thousands)
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
1973
0.0
0.0
0.0
1975
0.1
0.1
0.0
1977
0.1
0.1
0.0
1979
0.1
0.1
0.0
1981
0.2
0.1
0.0
1983
0.2
0.2
0.0
1985
0.3
0.3
0.1
1987
0.3
0.3
0.1
1989
0.3
0.3
0.1
1991
0.3
0.2
0.1
1993
0.4
0.3
0.1
1995
0.6
0.3
0.1
1997
0.6
0.5
0.1
1999
0.7
0.5
0.2
2001
0.8
0.8
0.2
2003
1.2
0.9
0.3
2006
1.4
1.2
0.3
2008
1.4
1.3
0.4
NA = not available
NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Academic employment limited to U.S. doctorate holders employed at 2- or 4-year colleges or universities. Full-time faculty includes full, associate, and assistant professors plus
instructors. Other positions include full-time positions such as research associates, adjunct appointments, lecturers, and administrative positions, and part-time positions of all kinds. Part-time employment excludes those employed parttime because they are students or retired. Underrepresented minorities include blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaska Natives. Total includes other and unknown race/ethnicity not shown separately. Physical sciences include
earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences; life sciences include biological, agricultural, environmental, and health sciences.
Appendix table 5-19

SEH doctorate holders employed in academia, by type of position, degree field, and citizenship: 2008
(Thousands)
Position and field

All positions
Physical sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
All doctorate Native-born

holders U.S. citizens
272.8
205.9
39.3
29.3
17.4
11.4
6.9
3.4
94.0
73.5
34.3
31.2
50.9
40.9
29.8
16.2
Foreign born
Naturalized
U.S. citizens
Noncitizens
34.6
4.9
2.9
1.6
10.7
1.8
5.2
7.6
32.3
5.2
3.2
1.9
9.9
1.3
4.8
6.1
Full-time faculty
Physical sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
199.5
27.7
14.5
5.7
64.8
23.3
41.0
22.5
153.8
21.6
9.6
2.7
52.8
21.3
33.2
12.5
27.0
3.8
2.5
1.4
7.7
1.1
4.0
6.4
18.7
2.3
2.3
1.5
4.2
0.9
3.9
3.6
Postdocs
Physical sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
18.0
3.3
0.5
0.2
10.5
1.0
0.3
2.1
9.7
1.4
0.2
S
6.5
0.9
0.2
0.6
1.1
0.1
S
S
0.6
0.1
S
0.1
7.2
1.7
0.3
0.2
3.4
0.1
0.1
1.4
Other positions
Physical sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
55.3
8.3
2.4
1.0
18.7
10.0
9.6
5.2
42.4
6.3
1.6
0.7
14.2
9.0
7.5
3.1
6.5
1.0
0.4
0.2
2.4
0.6
1.2
1.1
6.4
1.2
0.6
0.2
2.3
0.3
0.8
1.1
S = data suppressed for reasons of confidentiality and/or reliability

NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Academic employment limited to U.S. doctorate holders
employed at 2- or 4-year colleges or universities. Full-time faculty includes full, associate, and assistant professors plus
instructors. Other positions include full-time positions such as research associates, adjunct appointments, lecturers, and
administrative positions, and part-time positions of all kinds. Part-time employment excludes those employed part time
because they are students or retired. Physical sciences include earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences; life sciences
include biological, agricultural, environmental, and health sciences.
(2011) of the Survey of Doctorate Recipients.
Appendix table 5-20

SEH doctorate holders employed in academia, by research priority, type of position, and degree field: 19732008
(Thousands)
Research priority, position, and field
All research priorities
All positions
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Full-time faculty
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Research as primary/secondary activity
All positions
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Full-time faculty
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
Research as primary activity
All positions
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
118.0
25.5
9.7
NA
34.9
12.2
23.4
12.4
134.1
27.5
11.0
NA
39.4
14.8
28.0
13.4
145.4
29.2
11.7
NA
42.6
16.2
31.1
14.8
155.3
28.8
12.2
0.1
47.0
17.7
33.6
15.8
167.1
29.9
12.4
0.3
51.3
20.1
36.9
16.1
176.1
29.9
12.9
0.5
54.8
21.0
38.8
18.1
190.2
32.2
13.6
0.8
58.7
23.1
41.9
19.9
195.9
32.8
13.8
1.1
61.2
23.7
42.1
21.2
206.6
33.6
14.5
1.5
64.8
25.0
44.5
22.8
210.6
33.8
15.2
2.0
66.9
25.2
44.8
22.8
213.8
35.0
15.5
2.5
68.2
25.0
44.4
23.1
217.5
35.8
14.6
3.1
71.6
26.1
42.5
23.8
232.5
37.5
15.6
3.3
77.3
27.3
44.9
26.6
240.2
38.7
15.2
3.7
81.9
29.0
46.2
25.5
245.5
38.6
14.9
3.8
84.3
30.4
46.9
26.6
259.5
39.9
16.7
5.2
90.0
31.8
48.1
27.8
272.8
39.6
17.4
5.8
95.5
35.0
50.0
29.6
272.8
39.3
17.4
6.9
94.0
34.3
50.9
29.8
103.3
20.8
9.3
NA
29.5
10.8
21.6
11.3
116.4
22.3
10.4
NA
33.1
12.8
25.5
12.2
125.6
23.6
10.9
NA
34.9
13.9
28.8
13.5
131.2
23.5
11.4
0.1
37.3
14.3
30.3
14.3
141.9
24.3
11.7
0.3
40.9
16.4
33.7
14.7
148.4
24.2
12.3
0.4
43.5
17.3
34.4
16.4
156.9
25.4
12.7
0.7
45.6
18.5
36.1
17.9
164.4
26.4
12.9
0.9
48.1
19.2
37.6
19.3
169.8
26.2
13.5
1.3
49.3
20.2
39.0
20.2
173.1
26.2
14.2
1.8
51.1
20.7
39.0
20.1
172.4
25.8
14.7
2.3
50.8
19.5
39.2
20.1
171.4
25.6
13.0
2.8
52.8
20.1
37.1
20.0
178.4
26.5
13.6
3.0
55.2
20.8
37.7
21.5
184.0
27.3
13.1
3.3
58.1
21.9
39.2
21.1
187.4
27.5
12.6
3.3
60.4
22.6
39.2
21.9
195.0
28.4
14.2
4.2
63.7
22.0
40.1
22.3
197.1
27.8
14.1
4.9
64.5
23.7
39.8
22.3
199.5
27.7
14.5
5.7
64.8
23.3
41.0
22.5
82.3
18.8
6.8
NA
26.0
7.3
14.3
9.0
90.6
19.8
7.5
NA
29.0
8.5
16.9
9.0
85.0
19.2
6.8
NA
28.7
7.7
13.8
8.9
90.0
18.2
6.9
0.1
32.1
8.3
14.7
9.8
100.7
19.5
6.8
0.3
37.1
9.9
17.6
9.5
104.7
19.3
7.2
0.4
38.3
10.5
17.8
11.2
115.2
21.4
7.6
0.6
41.4
10.7
20.9
12.5
144.0
24.9
9.7
1.0
48.8
14.3
28.5
16.8
151.6
25.7
10.2
1.3
51.8
14.3
30.5
17.6
156.6
25.9
10.7
1.7
53.3
15.7
31.1
18.2
150.1
25.0
9.5
2.0
51.8
14.9
29.3
17.5
153.5
25.8
9.4
2.4
53.8
15.6
28.1
18.5
164.7
27.4
10.1
2.4
57.9
16.1
29.8
20.9
168.1
27.2
9.9
2.6
60.8
17.2
30.9
19.4
172.5
27.3
9.8
2.6
63.1
18.2
31.4
20.2
179.3
28.2
10.7
3.9
65.6
19.1
31.5
20.3
183.7
26.9
11.4
4.1
66.7
20.5
32.7
21.4
184.7
26.5
11.4
4.8
66.3
21.2
32.8
21.8
72.0
15.1
6.6
NA
21.8
6.6
13.6
8.2
78.9
15.9
7.1
NA
24.1
7.5
15.9
8.3
71.6
14.8
6.4
NA
22.9
6.7
12.9
8.0
74.1
13.9
6.4
S
24.7
6.6
13.5
8.9
83.8
15.1
6.5
0.2
28.7
8.0
16.5
8.8
86.9
15.1
6.9
0.3
29.6
8.8
16.0
10.2
95.1
16.3
7.3
0.5
31.9
9.0
18.8
11.4
121.4
19.7
9.1
0.8
38.3
12.1
26.1
15.2
125.8
19.9
9.8
1.2
39.0
12.2
27.9
15.7
131.4
20.1
10.2
1.6
41.0
13.9
28.3
16.2
121.7
18.0
9.1
1.8
38.4
12.5
26.7
15.1
121.6
17.9
8.4
2.2
39.5
12.9
25.3
15.5
127.0
18.8
8.9
2.2
41.2
13.3
25.8
16.7
129.2
18.7
8.6
2.3
42.5
13.9
27.2
15.9
133.2
19.1
8.3
2.3
44.6
14.6
27.8
16.6
137.3
20.1
9.3
3.3
46.4
14.7
27.2
16.3
135.1
18.4
9.6
3.6
45.1
15.1
27.4
15.8
137.8
18.6
9.8
4.0
45.1
16.0
28.2
16.2
27.8
6.6
1.5
NA
12.8
2.0
2.8
2.1
30.8
7.2
1.5
NA
14.5
2.2
3.2
2.3
37.0
8.9
1.8
NA
16.6
2.8
4.1
2.9
41.3
8.5
2.1
0.0
19.7
3.4
4.2
3.4
46.5
9.4
1.9
0.1
23.2
4.1
4.5
3.3
48.9
9.2
2.0
0.2
24.3
4.4
4.9
3.9
55.9
11.0
2.7
0.4
27.1
4.6
5.7
4.4
66.5
12.3
3.2
0.7
31.5
5.2
7.5
6.2
72.2
13.3
3.5
0.8
33.8
5.9
8.2
6.9
73.9
13.1
3.5
1.1
34.5
6.2
8.4
7.2
80.2
14.7
3.4
0.9
36.0
6.7
10.7
7.9
83.0
15.2
3.3
1.0
37.7
7.4
9.8
8.7
88.6
15.6
3.5
1.1
40.5
8.0
9.8
10.1
91.4
15.1
2.9
1.1
43.2
8.6
11.1
9.4
93.8
15.0
3.3
1.3
43.7
8.7
11.7
10.1
102.9
16.2
3.8
1.9
46.4
10.0
13.0
11.6
108.2
16.3
5.0
2.0
47.0
11.2
13.6
13.1
106.7
15.4
5.4
2.6
45.3
11.1
13.5
13.3
Appendix table 5-20

(Thousands)
Full-time faculty
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
1973
19.8
3.5
1.4
NA
9.3
1.6
2.5
1.5
1975
21.4
3.9
1.3
NA
10.3
1.5
2.7
1.7
1977
25.8
5.0
1.6
NA
11.4
2.0
3.6
2.3
1979
28.1
5.0
1.8
0.0
13.1
2.2
3.4
2.6
1981
31.8
5.4
1.8
0.1
15.5
2.5
3.8
2.7
1983
33.6
5.4
1.8
0.1
16.5
2.9
3.8
3.0
1985
39.5
6.5
2.5
0.3
18.6
3.3
4.6
3.7
1987
48.6
7.8
2.7
0.5
22.3
3.9
6.3
5.0
1989
51.6
8.0
3.2
0.7
22.6
4.5
7.1
5.4
1991
53.8
8.2
3.2
1.0
23.8
5.0
7.1
5.5
1993
56.8
8.7
3.1
0.7
24.1
5.3
8.9
6.0
1995
56.6
8.4
2.7
0.9
24.7
5.4
8.3
6.3
1997
58.0
8.4
2.8
1.0
25.7
5.9
7.6
6.7
1999
60.4
8.2
2.3
0.9
27.0
6.1
9.2
6.7
2001
62.8
8.3
2.3
1.1
27.7
6.3
9.7
7.4
2003
71.5
9.9
3.1
1.6
30.1
7.1
10.8
8.9
2006
70.9
9.3
3.8
1.7
28.4
7.9
11.4
8.5
2008
71.4
9.2
4.5
2.1
27.7
7.9
11.3
8.7
Teaching as primary activity

All positions
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
73.3
16.3
7.4
NA
16.6
7.7
16.9
8.4
83.8
17.3
8.5
NA
19.0
9.7
20.5
8.9
82.2
16.5
8.5
NA
18.1
9.4
21.0
8.7
83.8
15.9
8.6
0.1
18.1
9.5
22.6
9.1
95.9
17.5
9.1
0.2
20.5
11.7
26.8
10.1
97.7
16.8
9.4
0.3
21.1
11.6
27.7
10.8
101.0
17.4
9.3
0.3
20.9
12.3
29.1
11.7
99.3
16.9
9.2
0.3
20.1
13.0
28.5
11.3
100.9
16.7
9.5
0.6
20.3
12.8
28.8
12.2
103.4
16.8
10.1
0.7
20.9
12.8
29.8
12.2
98.3
15.7
10.3
1.4
20.2
11.6
27.6
11.6
100.2
15.9
9.8
1.8
21.8
11.9
26.9
12.1
105.4
16.7
10.2
1.8
23.4
12.4
28.3
12.6
108.6
17.8
10.5
2.1
25.1
13.0
28.0
12.1
109.0
17.9
10.2
1.9
25.7
13.3
28.0
11.9
105.9
17.0
9.4
2.5
25.2
13.3
27.3
11.2
109.4
16.9
9.9
3.0
27.6
14.3
27.5
10.2
112.3
17.3
10.0
3.2
28.1
14.3
28.8
10.7
Full-time faculty
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
69.9
15.5
7.2
NA
15.7
7.3
16.1
8.1
80.2
16.5
8.2
NA
18.1
9.2
19.5
8.7
78.4
15.7
8.1
NA
17.1
8.9
20.1
8.5
79.7
15.1
8.3
0.1
17.1
8.9
21.4
8.9
92.1
16.9
8.8
0.2
19.6
11.0
25.7
10.0
91.9
15.8
9.0
0.3
19.6
10.9
25.9
10.4
94.9
16.5
8.9
0.3
19.5
11.6
26.8
11.2
93.6
16.2
9.0
0.3
18.7
12.1
26.5
11.0
93.9
15.6
9.0
0.5
18.7
11.9
26.4
11.7
96.7
15.6
9.6
0.7
19.1
12.2
27.6
11.8
91.4
14.3
10.0
1.3
18.4
10.5
25.9
11.0
91.9
14.4
9.0
1.7
19.8
10.9
24.6
11.5
95.4
15.1
9.3
1.7
20.7
11.3
25.3
12.0
98.6
16.1
9.4
2.0
22.5
11.9
24.9
11.7
97.9
16.2
9.2
1.8
22.8
11.9
24.9
11.2
85.0
15.0
8.2
2.3
21.4
10.8
23.7
10.2
90.8
14.5
8.3
2.6
22.6
11.2
22.4
9.0
94.0
14.5
8.5
2.8
23.5
11.3
24.0
9.4
Other primary activity

All positions
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
16.9
2.6
0.8
NA
5.5
2.5
3.7
1.9
19.4
3.0
1.0
NA
5.9
2.9
4.3
2.3
26.2
3.8
1.4
NA
8.0
4.0
6.0
3.1
30.2
4.4
1.6
0.0
9.3
4.8
6.8
3.3
24.7
3.0
1.3
0.0
7.6
4.4
5.6
2.7
29.6
3.8
1.6
0.0
9.4
5.0
6.1
3.5
33.3
3.8
1.6
0.1
10.6
6.2
7.1
3.8
30.1
3.5
1.4
0.1
9.7
5.6
6.1
3.7
33.5
3.6
1.5
0.1
10.7
6.3
7.6
3.7
33.2
3.8
1.6
0.2
11.5
6.2
6.6
3.4
35.2
4.6
1.8
0.2
12.0
6.7
6.1
3.7
34.3
4.6
1.5
0.3
12.2
6.9
5.8
3.0
38.6
5.2
1.8
0.5
13.4
7.0
6.8
3.8
40.2
5.8
1.7
0.5
13.6
7.3
7.2
4.0
42.8
5.8
1.4
0.5
14.8
8.4
7.2
4.7
49.5
7.2
2.2
0.8
17.6
8.1
8.2
5.5
55.2
6.5
2.5
0.8
20.9
9.5
8.8
6.2
53.9
6.7
2.0
1.1
20.7
9.0
8.6
5.8
Full-time faculty
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
13.6
1.8
0.7
NA
4.5
14.8
2.0
0.9
NA
4.7
21.3
2.9
1.2
NA
6.4
23.4
3.3
1.3
0.0
7.1
18.0
2.0
1.1
0.0
5.8
22.9
3.0
1.4
0.0
7.4
22.5
2.4
1.3
0.1
7.4
22.2
2.4
1.2
0.0
7.2
24.2
2.5
1.3
0.1
7.9
22.6
2.3
1.4
0.1
8.2
24.1
2.7
1.6
0.2
8.3
22.9
2.7
1.3
0.2
8.3
24.9
3.0
1.5
0.3
8.7
25.0
3.0
1.4
0.3
8.6
26.8
3.0
1.1
0.4
9.9
37.6
3.8
1.7
0.4
11.7
35.4
3.9
2.0
0.6
13.5
34.0
3.9
1.5
0.7
13.6
Appendix table 5-20

(Thousands)
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
1973
2.0
3.0
1.6
1975
2.1
3.3
1.8
1977
3.0
5.2
2.7
1979
3.2
5.5
2.8
1981
2.9
4.2
2.0
1983
3.5
4.7
2.9
1985
3.6
4.7
2.9
1987
3.3
4.8
3.3
1989
3.8
5.4
3.1
1991
3.6
4.3
2.7
1993
3.7
4.5
3.1
1995
3.8
4.2
2.2
1997
3.6
4.8
2.8
1999
3.9
5.1
2.7
2001
4.3
4.7
3.3
2003
3.8
6.0
3.7
2006
4.6
6.1
4.8
2008
4.2
5.7
4.4
NA = not available; S = data suppressed for reasons of reliability

NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Academic employment limited to U.S. doctorate holders employed at 2- or 4-year colleges or universities, excluding those employed part-time because they are students or
retired. Full-time faculty includes full, associate, and assistant professors plus instructors. Research includes basic or applied research, development, or design. Physical sciences include earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences; life
sciences include biological, agricultural, environmental, and health sciences.
Appendix table 5-21

Early career SEH doctorate holders employed in academia, by Carnegie institution type, years since doctorate, and type of position:
19732008
13 years
47 years
Carnegie institution type

All universities and colleges
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
Total
Full-time
faculty
Postdocs
Other
positions
Total
Full-time
faculty
Postdocs
Other
positions
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
73.6
70.4
64.8
59.2
56.9
56.5
54.7
51.8
47.6
55.1
47.6
41.4
40.6
37.3
43.6
44.5
37.7
42.0
13.0
18.3
22.9
25.0
28.4
27.9
27.4
29.8
33.5
27.4
33.4
39.6
41.4
43.1
39.1
34.0
45.4
35.8
13.4
11.3
12.3
15.8
14.7
15.7
17.9
18.5
19.0
17.5
19.0
19.0
18.0
19.5
17.3
21.6
16.8
22.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
89.2
87.1
85.0
81.2
80.8
76.8
76.9
75.0
73.2
75.0
72.1
70.3
66.3
65.4
63.1
64.9
61.2
63.2
2.3
4.3
5.3
6.1
6.3
5.7
6.9
7.6
9.1
7.1
11.1
12.9
14.8
14.1
13.2
9.7
15.4
11.3
8.4
8.3
9.7
12.9
13.2
17.2
16.4
17.2
17.8
17.6
16.7
16.8
19.0
20.5
23.7
25.4
23.4
25.5
Research universities
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
60.3
56.6
50.5
47.7
45.6
43.3
43.5
40.0
36.3
41.9
33.4
26.7
26.8
24.1
29.8
31.2
27.6
32.6
21.8
29.0
36.0
35.6
38.8
40.5
37.2
40.3
44.2
38.4
46.3
54.4
56.4
57.9
52.8
47.6
56.6
47.0
17.9
14.4
13.5
16.6
15.6
16.2
19.3
19.7
19.5
19.7
20.3
18.8
16.9
18.0
17.5
21.2
15.9
20.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
86.6
82.1
77.8
74.0
74.4
70.5
69.1
67.0
65.1
65.9
64.5
59.9
55.2
54.8
50.0
53.7
54.2
55.5
3.7
7.7
9.4
9.8
8.9
8.7
10.9
11.4
13.7
11.6
17.5
19.8
21.3
21.0
22.1
15.9
20.1
15.6
9.7
9.8
13.3
16.7
16.8
21.2
20.0
21.9
20.9
22.8
18.6
19.9
23.1
24.3
28.0
30.4
25.7
28.9
Other universities and colleges

1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
87.1
86.5
82.0
75.6
75.7
75.2
73.5
73.2
67.9
75.0
69.9
63.3
57.9
55.0
62.3
4.0
5.9
7.2
9.9
11.1
9.9
10.8
10.6
14.2
10.7
13.2
17.5
22.7
23.4
20.7
8.9
7.6
10.8
14.5
13.1
14.9
15.7
16.1
17.9
14.3
16.9
19.2
19.4
21.6
17.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
92.0
91.8
92.1
89.2
87.9
84.4
86.2
87.4
84.6
86.3
82.6
81.6
77.5
75.3
76.1
0.9
1.1
1.6
1.9
3.4
2.7
2.2
2.4
2.4
2.2
3.4
5.1
7.7
7.6
4.5
7.1
6.8
6.5
8.7
9.3
13.4
12.1
10.9
13.3
11.2
14.6
13.2
14.9
16.9
19.4
Appendix table 5-21

Early career SEH doctorate holders employed in academia, by Carnegie institution type, years since doctorate, and type of position:
19732008
13 years
Carnegie institution type
2003
2006
2008
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
Full-time
faculty
62.2
59.3
59.0
47 years
Postdocs
15.7
21.8
15.4
Other
positions
22.1
18.9
25.6
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
Full-time
faculty
75.6
72.6
74.2
Postdocs
3.8
7.8
5.1
Other
positions
20.6
19.6
20.7

NOTES: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. Academic employment limited to U.S. doctorate holders employed at 2- or 4-year colleges or
universities, excluding those employed part time because they are students or retired. Full-time faculty includes full, associate, and assistant professors plus
instructors. Other positions include full-time positions such as research associates, adjunct appointments, lecturers, administrative positions, and part-time
positions of all kinds. Institutions designated by 2005 Carnegie classification code. For information on these institutional categories, see The Carnegie
Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, http://classifications.carnegiefoundation.org/index.php, accessed 11 February 2011.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, special tabulations (2011) of the Survey of Doctorate
Recipients.
Appendix table 5-22

Academic SEH doctorate holders with federal support, by degree field, research activity, and type of position: 19732008
(Percent)
Field, research activity, and position
All fields
Research primary/secondary activity
Full-time faculty
Postdocs
1973
44.5
51.9
42.0
60.2
87.7
1975
40.5
48.9
39.6
58.8
86.3
1977
39.7
52.3
38.2
68.1
86.0
1979
38.2
51.8
36.2
58.3
82.1
1981
35.5
50.8
38.8
58.5
86.3
1983
39.8
55.9
41.7
59.4
82.2
1985
31.4
44.5
34.3
49.8
78.5
1987
46.5
56.1
45.6
60.6
82.1
1989
47.9
58.1
46.6
60.9
83.5
1991
48.5
57.8
48.0
58.8
84.5
1993
36.1
46.4
32.9
42.5
83.1
1995
39.4
50.0
35.7
43.1
80.1
1997
38.6
48.2
34.7
47.0
74.1
1999
45.7
56.6
43.1
49.9
80.3
2001
45.1
56.4
43.2
49.1
74.3
2003
45.9
56.7
44.6
47.8
78.1
2006
46.9
58.1
45.8
47.3
70.7
2008
44.7
55.8
43.6
44.9
72.5
Physical sciences
Full-time faculty
Postdocs
47.3
56.2
42.2
67.0
90.3
44.0
54.1
38.7
61.4
87.4
43.8
56.2
38.3
62.8
86.3
42.8
57.0
37.4
68.3
81.9
42.1
59.0
37.1
59.1
82.5
46.5
63.3
42.6
64.8
81.9
38.2
52.5
33.2
58.1
75.4
54.1
66.2
49.5
71.2
87.9
57.9
69.6
53.7
70.1
84.6
57.0
68.9
53.5
69.1
81.2
45.7
58.6
38.7
60.6
82.0
49.3
62.3
42.9
57.0
85.3
48.6
59.6
41.7
65.5
81.2
57.0
70.1
52.5
69.6
81.3
55.3
68.3
50.8
65.3
83.0
56.5
69.2
54.0
62.7
78.8
56.4
70.0
53.9
62.0
75.7
53.9
67.1
53.7
54.9
67.2
Mathematics
Full-time faculty
Postdocs
26.9
32.4
26.8
33.6
48.8
19.1
23.6
18.8
33.5
35.8
19.0
25.0
18.0
46.9
55.1
21.7
27.0
20.4
54.6
43.2
21.3
27.0
21.0
30.1
56.3
30.1
41.3
29.9
43.4
66.3
21.5
26.4
21.4
29.1
48.5
31.1
36.9
30.4
47.8
34.4
33.5
40.8
32.8
52.8
53.4
34.5
40.6
34.0
67.2
80.4
18.8
24.8
18.3
40.6
S
22.3
27.0
21.1
34.6
45.3
20.9
26.9
19.4
43.9
35.6
29.1
35.3
28.3
38.4
54.7
31.9
41.7
30.1
48.0
61.9
31.1
38.6
31.3
28.2
65.9
34.8
43.4
34.6
34.9
64.2
32.1
39.1
31.8
34.5
53.7
Computer sciences
Full-time faculty
Postdocs
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
34.8
34.8
25.0
S
57.1
29.7
26.9
26.6
25.0
100.0
44.6
44.9
38.1
67.9
100.0
45.0
36.1
38.0
80.6
S
61.7
55.6
58.1
79.7
88.2
52.4
52.8
52.8
47.1
100.0
49.4
54.3
48.2
67.7
S
39.9
41.1
37.7
59.1
100.0
43.2
46.0
40.7
62.9
78.0
41.1
46.3
38.8
63.1
97.2
55.6
59.3
54.1
74.9
100.0
47.2
57.9
46.8
47.2
100.0
48.9
54.9
49.7
47.7
95.8
44.0
53.8
43.4
48.3
97.9
43.0
54.6
43.7
43.6
50.0
Life sciences
Full-time faculty
Postdocs
59.3
65.8
57.1
68.1
88.8
58.9
64.2
56.4
70.9
87.7
58.1
66.8
54.9
72.1
88.4
55.3
65.2
51.4
64.8
84.6
59.6
63.3
55.6
68.5
86.0
60.0
68.3
57.8
68.5
82.6
53.5
57.8
50.5
58.4
78.3
65.3
72.3
63.4
71.0
82.1
65.1
73.1
62.1
74.1
86.8
65.5
72.0
63.7
67.2
84.4
52.2
62.7
48.6
45.8
84.1
52.5
63.6
49.0
46.3
81.9
51.0
61.6
47.6
46.2
77.7
57.9
69.5
55.1
49.9
82.6
56.6
67.9
55.5
47.4
77.6
57.2
68.0
56.9
47.2
81.3
58.0
69.4
57.6
54.4
71.5
56.6
69.3
55.7
52.2
77.7
Psychology
Full-time faculty
Postdocs
37.5
45.4
36.4
48.1
84.9
36.1
41.7
34.1
41.6
86.4
33.2
41.9
30.6
65.4
82.5
32.6
42.7
28.3
46.3
86.8
32.7
41.9
27.5
52.3
92.0
30.1
42.6
27.3
40.3
84.2
25.9
36.6
23.6
32.7
70.8
31.2
39.8
28.3
37.1
88.1
35.5
46.6
34.0
39.6
66.3
34.7
43.5
32.9
36.3
95.8
25.7
37.0
25.2
23.8
71.7
27.6
39.5
25.1
30.7
71.4
27.4
40.5
24.9
28.3
71.8
32.9
46.5
31.5
30.4
71.8
34.3
48.1
32.9
38.2
59.2
34.7
48.2
34.4
36.1
69.0
36.5
52.2
37.4
31.3
69.4
32.1
43.2
33.8
25.7
61.1
Social sciences
Full-time faculty
Postdocs
25.5
29.5
25.2
36.3
57.6
23.7
26.8
23.7
31.6
54.6
23.3
30.6
22.6
35.3
54.7
20.4
29.4
19.0
37.3
84.9
21.8
25.5
21.2
32.7
47.9
23.7
31.4
22.5
34.0
64.6
17.2
20.4
16.2
26.6
54.7
27.2
30.0
27.1
36.2
27.4
27.7
31.1
27.4
33.8
57.6
28.4
31.2
27.8
32.7
52.5
14.2
17.3
13.4
22.1
88.1
16.1
20.9
15.4
22.6
68.5
15.2
17.7
14.8
22.7
33.9
22.9
27.2
22.5
29.3
65.0
21.5
26.5
21.3
29.4
35.8
21.8
27.1
21.6
28.7
42.9
23.1
28.9
23.6
27.4
22.9
20.5
25.6
19.8
23.8
42.8
Appendix table 5-22

Academic SEH doctorate holders with federal support, by degree field, research activity, and type of position: 19732008
(Percent)
Field, research activity, and position
Engineering
Full-time faculty
Postdocs
1973
53.5
58.4
52.5
65.5
84.7
1975
50.6
57.3
49.9
67.3
84.3
1977
51.1
60.5
49.3
86.6
74.7
1979
49.1
57.5
49.5
53.0
51.1
1981
51.0
59.2
49.8
60.7
98.9
1983
54.7
61.5
54.7
63.1
82.7
1985
43.0
45.0
42.2
44.3
91.4
1987
57.1
63.1
56.0
76.4
74.8
1989
56.3
63.8
55.2
71.2
76.0
1991
63.2
68.3
62.9
66.8
90.0
1993
42.6
49.5
40.9
59.5
65.7
1995
49.9
57.9
48.4
56.7
72.7
1997
49.7
55.4
46.4
67.9
62.1
1999
56.9
62.5
55.2
64.2
80.4
2001
56.8
64.1
56.7
61.8
56.8
2003
57.4
64.7
56.1
66.8
73.8
2006
58.7
67.3
57.8
56.4
76.8
2008
58.8
67.5
57.6
63.7
72.9
NA = not available; S = data suppressed for reasons of confidentiality and/or reliability

NOTES: Data for 1985 and 199397 not comparable with other years and understate degree of federal support. In 1985 and 199397, federal support question asks whether work performed during week of April 15 was
supported by government; in other years, question pertains to work conducted over course of entire year. Academic employment limited to U.S. doctorate holders employed at 2- or 4-year colleges or universities. Full-time
faculty includes full, associate, and assistant professors plus instructors. Other full-time positions include positions such as research associates, adjunct appointments, lecturers, and administrative positions. Research
includes basic or applied research, development, and design. Total includes part-time employment not shown separately, but excludes those employed part-time because they are students or retired. Physical sciences
include earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences; life sciences include biological, agricultural, environmental, and health sciences.
Appendix table 5-23

SEH doctorate holders and full-time faculty with federal support, by degree field and Carnegie classification of employer: 2008
(Percent)
All academic
institutions
Research
universities (very
high research
activity)
Research
universities (high
research activity)
Doctoral/
research
universities
Masters-granting
universities
Baccalaureate
colleges
Medical schools
Other universities
and colleges
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
44.7
53.9
32.1
43.0
56.6
32.1
20.5
58.8
62.6
76.0
52.4
63.4
70.0
50.9
33.4
71.6
46.9
64.7
27.9
57.0
56.6
41.2
17.9
59.7
27.9
24.0
32.5
17.7
38.9
16.6
20.0
54.7
19.6
31.1
18.5
17.8
26.6
11.6
9.3
25.3
18.9
26.9
7.5
21.8
30.4
10.7
10.1
26.1
64.2
41.7
64.8
S
67.2
65.1
49.2
63.8
16.3
16.1
5.5
S
24.4
8.8
9.5
26.9
Full-time faculty
Physical sciences
Mathematics
Computer sciences
Life sciences
Psychology
Social sciences
Engineering
43.6
53.7
31.8
43.7
55.7
33.8
19.8
57.6
64.0
83.6
56.0
69.4
73.1
52.9
34.0
70.4
47.5
65.1
28.2
60.4
56.7
45.6
17.3
62.7
28.2
27.2
31.3
14.6
40.1
17.7
17.6
56.3
20.2
32.0
18.6
17.9
26.9
13.1
8.7
26.3
18.6
26.3
8.1
24.1
28.6
10.8
9.9
24.6
64.4
49.3
59.1
S
66.8
70.1
46.7
45.9
14.8
14.9
2.2
S
21.1
11.3
8.8
19.1
Position and field

All S&E doctorate holders employed
in academic institutions
S = data suppressed for reasons of confidentiality and/or reliability

NOTES: Academic employment limited to U.S. doctorate holders employed at 2- or 4-year colleges or universities, excluding those employed part time because they are students or retired. Full-time faculty
includes full, associate, and assistant professors plus instructors. Physical sciences include earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences; life sciences include biological, agricultural, environmental, and health
sciences. Institutions designated by 2005 Carnegie classification code. Engineering schools included in masters-granting universities. For information on these institutional categories, see The Carnegie
Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, http://classifications.carnegiefoundation.org/index.php, accessed 11 February 2011.
Appendix table 5-24

SEH doctorate holders employed in academia with federal support, by degree field, years since doctorate, and type of position: 19732008
(Percent)
47 years since doctorate

All positions
Full-time
faculty
Other
full-time
Postdocs
All positions
Full-time
faculty
Other
full-time
Postdocs
44.1
44.2
44.5
47.2
51.0
50.2
43.2
53.3
57.2
53.6
43.5
47.0
45.3
52.8
48.4
48.4
51.7
46.5
32.9
31.1
28.8
29.6
30.8
33.7
23.9
36.7
38.7
38.3
20.8
23.2
21.0
28.8
29.4
30.5
29.5
27.4
72.5
58.3
61.2
58.9
63.1
59.0
59.3
56.1
58.7
56.6
43.7
40.1
42.4
45.5
45.5
45.9
50.7
49.0
87.1
87.8
87.0
86.6
87.9
86.1
79.1
82.0
84.7
83.8
80.7
78.5
74.1
79.5
73.4
77.3
68.7
71.0
47.1
42.5
42.2
43.0
46.5
50.1
42.4
54.8
57.8
57.4
41.1
43.9
41.9
47.4
46.1
47.5
47.2
43.5
42.3
40.0
37.8
37.4
41.2
45.3
36.2
49.7
53.5
53.4
34.0
36.1
33.7
41.4
39.8
42.3
41.7
38.4
55.3
66.2
71.6
67.3
64.8
68.1
63.3
71.6
70.0
66.6
46.8
52.0
49.6
46.6
50.7
55.3
46.5
44.8
80.8
83.2
85.3
83.1
86.9
84.8
81.0
84.2
89.1
88.7
87.3
86.0
78.5
83.3
78.6
81.1
76.0
76.6
Physical sciences
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
58.4
64.1
63.2
59.1
69.3
70.4
64.3
80.9
77.9
69.9
63.1
62.8
64.2
68.0
62.2
62.3
67.5
55.5
31.2
27.9
28.9
25.5
25.2
33.8
18.7
66.7
49.2
44.1
21.3
21.0
30.0
39.3
31.0
40.1
29.3
40.6
78.3
60.7
95.7
73.7
94.3
82.7
86.6
69.9
82.1
78.8
64.9
41.9
71.4
69.9
55.4
59.7
66.6
62.4
88.5
93.2
88.5
84.7
88.1
88.2
84.6
90.2
88.0
87.2
84.5
84.1
77.7
80.5
80.9
79.9
76.8
65.0
44.8
43.8
51.6
52.0
57.9
66.2
50.8
68.7
72.4
67.2
58.2
53.9
53.4
57.0
54.1
54.8
57.6
53.6
39.5
36.6
40.5
39.0
49.4
56.3
35.7
56.0
61.9
55.1
43.9
37.8
41.2
46.7
39.4
50.6
52.8
48.5
72.1
77.3
77.5
72.1
84.5
85.3
78.7
97.1
89.0
88.5
70.0
60.2
67.9
65.5
73.9
63.1
64.2
58.4
98.5
85.1
92.4
91.7
97.9
84.8
91.4
93.1
90.6
100.0
94.5
86.7
96.5
89.4
83.7
70.2
72.2
77.3
Mathematics
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
17.5
14.5
16.2
24.8
10.8
31.8
14.7
15.6
29.1
39.8
15.7
17.7
14.9
36.4
34.6
34.1
37.0
27.7
16.3
13.0
12.2
22.5
9.5
29.8
14.1
7.4
24.9
35.8
14.8
13.4
3.5
24.0
21.6
24.1
19.1
17.8
58.5
37.6
45.9
52.9
S
S
S
S
S
54.9
0.0
0.0
29.1
S
34.6
18.5
S
24.9
38.7
28.3
56.4
42.5
44.1
73.4
34.6
37.6
52.4
80.4
100.0
40.0
32.9
58.7
56.3
67.8
58.1
54.1
29.0
18.9
19.2
32.3
29.7
39.8
27.0
34.9
39.0
28.3
15.2
25.6
16.7
32.2
42.2
34.8
32.0
29.6
29.4
18.5
17.6
30.2
27.6
39.8
26.8
35.5
39.1
28.6
14.0
19.6
14.9
33.5
38.6
37.1
29.7
29.9
15.4
31.8
44.0
64.9
62.7
51.3
S
7.3
S
S
100.0
S
S
S
62.4
S
24.8
57.0
100.0
57.9
52.2
46.9
81.5
100.0
100.0
S
100.0
S
S
70.6
42.2
47.2
100.0
54.4
79.3
46.1
Field
All fields
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
Appendix table 5-24

(Percent)

All positions
Full-time
faculty
Other
full-time
Postdocs
All positions
Full-time
faculty
Other
full-time
Postdocs
NA
NA
NA
34.8
27.7
45.7
54.1
47.2
33.0
23.1
44.7
38.2
40.5
59.7
31.4
41.7
35.5
36.6
NA
NA
NA
25.0
24.1
35.1
46.4
46.3
29.3
23.1
39.5
31.4
29.7
50.6
25.9
32.6
10.5
30.0
NA
NA
NA
S
25.0
60.0
77.2
42.0
50.0
25.1
100.0
61.1
74.3
77.5
44.2
22.2
55.6
69.9
NA
NA
NA
57.1
100.0
100.0
S
100.0
100.0
S
100.0
75.9
97.0
100.0
100.0
95.8
100.0
48.3
NA
NA
NA
S
52.4
43.5
36.7
73.2
70.8
66.2
30.7
38.1
40.4
56.6
49.2
43.6
44.8
45.8
NA
NA
NA
S
52.4
40.4
31.0
66.3
78.0
63.9
30.9
38.3
37.7
56.5
47.3
40.8
42.4
47.0
NA
NA
NA
S
S
92.3
100.0
100.0
35.7
100.0
27.3
23.9
75.6
85.9
53.2
59.5
66.8
43.6
NA
NA
NA
S
S
S
S
S
100.0
100.0
100.0
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
Life sciences
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
60.8
61.8
61.6
65.9
71.8
68.2
59.6
70.2
74.5
68.1
61.2
58.5
58.3
65.0
59.2
62.5
56.6
59.9
48.3
46.4
38.1
40.6
51.7
52.8
34.1
53.5
50.2
49.9
32.2
30.3
23.0
35.0
34.2
37.1
33.5
36.1
77.0
72.5
70.4
75.8
76.5
65.1
67.2
73.8
79.3
60.0
44.8
35.3
42.2
46.2
39.0
51.7
57.7
55.4
89.0
87.6
88.9
85.9
88.1
84.7
78.9
82.1
89.1
83.0
81.9
80.3
77.5
82.4
76.8
81.8
67.1
75.5
59.7
60.1
59.6
57.3
64.0
67.1
61.1
71.4
71.9
70.6
55.7
54.0
52.3
57.2
56.4
57.3
57.5
54.5
57.3
57.6
56.6
51.4
58.8
64.5
55.6
68.3
67.5
66.8
46.4
43.9
42.4
47.2
48.9
50.3
49.7
44.8
75.1
76.2
73.3
76.5
70.8
72.6
72.3
81.0
79.1
79.2
52.0
47.4
48.4
49.3
49.5
56.9
49.6
56.8
89.2
87.5
90.2
84.2
85.7
83.7
81.7
83.0
89.3
86.3
86.7
87.4
78.8
83.0
78.8
83.0
77.0
83.7
Psychology
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
34.3
35.0
35.3
35.2
46.5
31.2
30.6
37.5
41.7
35.9
21.6
33.5
34.5
33.4
35.5
31.8
52.1
35.7
28.5
25.5
26.8
22.5
33.2
19.8
15.6
28.5
34.6
23.9
12.0
17.5
24.2
22.4
20.0
28.4
42.7
26.7
59.7
53.7
71.7
22.2
41.6
34.2
44.5
28.8
36.1
24.3
27.5
40.6
19.0
29.9
41.7
33.0
35.9
29.9
95.3
88.5
86.0
95.5
93.4
89.3
70.1
82.7
64.9
100.0
61.6
63.5
70.9
63.6
64.1
57.8
70.7
67.6
37.8
35.3
31.5
39.3
34.7
32.3
29.2
33.2
36.1
38.8
23.2
26.1
29.5
35.6
34.9
37.5
35.9
26.8
36.9
34.9
27.9
31.4
28.6
28.2
26.2
25.6
36.7
38.6
24.6
21.8
22.3
34.7
32.6
32.4
37.1
28.1
52.1
32.8
60.5
76.5
54.5
37.1
38.7
40.3
33.1
24.8
15.5
36.0
36.4
23.8
42.7
46.9
23.8
18.7
71.4
71.2
73.0
87.6
88.2
87.2
72.5
97.9
63.1
86.9
48.2
82.1
77.3
100.0
45.6
100.0
88.6
39.7
Field
Computer sciences
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
Appendix table 5-24

(Percent)

Field
Social sciences
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
Engineering
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2006
2008
All positions
Full-time
faculty
Other
full-time
Postdocs
All positions
Full-time
faculty
Other
full-time
Postdocs
24.7
23.1
24.8
26.6
20.4
28.2
15.6
22.5
25.6
21.7
11.2
15.9
14.1
21.1
20.5
18.5
19.4
16.9
23.7
22.5
24.2
22.8
16.3
23.6
12.3
20.9
24.7
19.5
7.2
10.7
10.9
15.2
21.2
14.7
15.9
13.3
53.7
29.0
12.3
37.6
48.7
49.0
27.8
34.5
24.3
38.8
25.4
28.8
26.8
26.1
24.0
36.9
37.1
22.4
23.9
61.7
61.4
97.5
56.0
77.9
44.4
21.4
41.9
31.7
88.2
80.8
33.7
77.1
41.8
38.5
22.4
43.4
29.0
26.2
24.6
20.8
24.3
28.1
19.3
29.9
33.2
36.6
14.9
17.8
17.4
22.8
21.2
22.5
21.5
19.9
28.7
26.2
23.2
19.2
24.3
23.6
15.7
27.7
31.6
33.8
14.4
16.0
15.6
21.7
20.3
22.1
21.9
19.7
34.1
42.4
56.3
52.2
25.2
57.5
51.0
54.0
51.4
44.2
21.9
41.8
26.3
31.3
28.0
32.0
26.8
20.2
93.1
39.2
48.0
70.8
60.0
93.8
41.0
S
83.9
100.0
100.0
49.8
57.7
48.1
63.3
55.9
4.5
27.3
50.8
53.7
55.2
55.5
54.4
47.1
43.9
53.3
56.0
66.6
43.4
51.1
50.0
58.5
54.9
56.4
61.2
57.3
45.2
48.9
47.2
48.5
43.2
36.7
37.8
43.7
48.9
62.1
32.1
38.5
35.5
40.0
49.1
48.2
45.5
38.6
74.2
65.8
84.8
71.9
100.0
58.2
66.1
79.2
71.9
67.7
65.1
50.3
66.4
70.9
77.0
60.6
47.4
74.0
87.1
83.8
72.9
99.4
100.0
98.3
94.5
75.7
73.3
89.9
68.7
72.6
66.3
78.1
57.1
71.2
73.4
72.8
50.7
54.4
52.9
55.1
65.6
64.3
47.6
65.5
70.8
73.2
51.2
62.1
51.3
55.5
58.3
63.2
63.7
61.9
49.9
53.1
52.3
58.8
61.9
62.2
46.3
64.2
68.6
73.0
49.4
60.3
48.4
56.4
59.2
60.2
61.3
58.2
78.6
82.3
64.8
33.8
83.9
99.0
66.4
97.6
91.8
79.7
65.9
72.5
62.5
44.8
54.9
72.8
64.6
68.3
S
S
64.9
16.9
S
S
S
100.0
100.0
S
70.3
86.5
60.5
94.2
74.2
100.0
87.8
71.7
NA = not available; S = data suppressed for reasons of confidentiality and/or reliability

NOTES: Data for 1985 and 199397 not comparable with other years and understate degree of federal support. In 1985 and 199397, federal support question asks
whether work performed during week of April 15 supported by government; in other years, question pertains to work conducted over course of entire year. Academic
employment limited to U.S. doctorate holders employed at 2- or 4-year colleges or universities. Full-time faculty includes full, associate, and assistant professors plus
instructors. Other full-time positions include positions such as research associates, adjunct appointments, lecturers, and administrative positions. Total excludes those
employed part time because they are students or retired. Physical sciences include earth, atmospheric, and ocean sciences; life sciences include biological,
agricultural, environmental, and health sciences.
Appendix table 5-25

Regions and countries/economies in S&E publications data
United States
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Other Western Europe
Albania
Andorra
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Macedonia
Monaco
Montenegro
Norway
San Marino
Serbia
Serbia and Montenegro
Switzerland
Turkey
Vatican City
Yugoslavia
Asia
China
Japan
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Asia-8 (continued)
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Other Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
Other former USSR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Near East/North Africa
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
North Yemen
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
South Yemen
Syria
Tunisia
Near East/North Africa (continued)

Yemen
Central/South America
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
West Indies Assoc States
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cte dIvoire
Djibouti
Sub-Saharan Africa (continued)

Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Senegambia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other
Australia
Canada
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Western Samoa
USSR = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, and The Patent BoardTM, special tabulations (2011) from Thomson Reuters,
Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index, http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/.
Appendix table 5-26

Fields and subfields of S&E publications data
Engineering
Aerospace engineering
Civil engineering
Electrical engineering
Metals and metallurgy
Materials engineering
Industrial engineering
Operations research and management
Biomedical engineering
Nuclear technology
General engineering
Miscellaneous engineering and technology
Astronomy
Chemistry
Analytical chemistry
Organic chemistry
Physical chemistry
Polymers
General chemistry
Applied chemistry
Inorganic and nuclear chemistry
Physics
Acoustics
Chemical physics
Nuclear and particle physics
Optics
Solid state physics
Applied physics
Fluids and plasmas
General physics
Miscellaneous physics
Geosciences
Meteorology and atmospheric sciences
Geology
Earth and planetary sciences
Oceanography and limnology
Marine biology and hydrobiology
Mathematics
Applied mathematics
Probability and statistics
General mathematics
Miscellaneous mathematics
Computer sciences
Dairy and animal sciences
Biological sciences
General biomedical research
Miscellaneous biomedical research
Biophysics
Botany
Anatomy and morphology
Cell biology, cytology, and histology
Ecology
Entomology
Immunology
Microbiology
Nutrition and dietetics
Parasitology
Genetics and heredity
Pathology
Pharmacology
Physiology
General zoology
Miscellaneous zoology
General biology
Miscellaneous biology
Biochemistry and molecular biology
Virology
Medical sciences
Endocrinology
Neurology and neurosurgery
Dentistry
Environmental and occupational health
Public health
Surgery
General and internal medicine
Ophthalmology
Pharmacy
Veterinary medicine
Miscellaneous clinical medicine
Anesthesiology
Cardiovascular system
Cancer
Gastroenterology
Hematology
Obstetrics and gynecology
Otorhinolaryngology
Pediatrics
Psychiatry
Radiology and nuclear medicine
Dermatology and venereal disease
Orthopedics
Arthritis and rheumatism
Respiratory system
Medical sciences (continued)

Urology
Nephrology
Allergy
Fertility
Geriatrics
Embryology
Tropical medicine
Addictive diseases
Microscopy
Other life sciences
Speech/language pathology and audiology
Nursing
Rehabilitation
Health policy and services
Psychology
Clinical psychology
Behavioral and comparative psychology
Developmental and child psychology
Human factors
Social psychology
General psychology
Miscellaneous psychology
Psychoanalysis
Social sciences
Economics
Political science and public administration
Demography
Sociology
Area studies
Criminology
Geography and regional sciences
Planning and urban studies
General social sciences
Miscellaneous social sciences
Science studies
Gerontology and aging
Social studies of medicine
SOURCES: The Patent Board, and National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Integrated Science and Engineering Resources
Data System (WebCASPAR) database system, http://webcaspar.nsf.gov.
Appendix table 5-27

S&E articles in all fields, by region/country/economy: 19952009
World
United States
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Albania
Andorra
Croatia
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Macedonia
Monaco
Montenegro
Norway
San Marino
Serbia
Switzerland
Turkey
Vatican City
1995
564,644.7
193,336.9
195,896.6
3,425.0
5,171.6
958.6
43.0
1,954.5
4,330.1
215.1
4,077.0
28,847.5
37,645.0
2,058.1
1,763.8
1,217.7
17,880.5
162.9
178.9
27.8
18.2
12,089.4
4,549.4
990.3
678.0
1,079.2
434.3
11,315.9
9,287.2
45,497.6
13,198.8
15.1
0.0
10.2
600.0
155.9
12.8
30.8
13.6
NA
2,920.0
0.0
NA
NA
7,220.0
1,714.7
1.3
1996
581,760.0
193,161.2
203,948.0
3,646.2
5,554.4
954.1
44.5
2,185.5
4,368.7
270.4
4,329.6
29,746.0
39,213.4
2,249.3
1,813.1
1,253.8
19,233.8
143.5
188.6
17.9
11.5
12,412.8
4,506.9
1,096.7
823.5
1,140.2
476.6
12,495.1
9,557.9
46,213.9
14,172.3
18.6
0.0
6.6
640.3
145.3
8.9
39.1
20.7
NA
2,931.8
0.5
NA
NA
7,568.4
2,228.0
1.1
1997
588,488.0
189,751.9
208,899.6
3,947.4
5,531.8
985.4
56.6
2,304.4
4,597.4
229.8
4,452.2
30,321.9
41,414.6
2,434.0
1,991.5
1,330.8
19,401.6
159.3
215.8
33.6
22.6
12,444.3
4,565.5
1,255.0
916.9
1,069.7
603.2
13,075.3
9,655.1
45,883.9
14,730.8
10.4
0.5
10.7
580.5
142.6
11.7
53.8
13.3
NA
2,964.9
0.8
NA
NA
7,863.9
2,480.7
2.7
1998
602,430.0
190,431.4
214,764.3
4,074.0
5,687.7
929.0
54.7
2,263.5
4,717.9
304.9
4,513.4
31,393.1
42,955.0
2,611.3
2,201.9
1,520.5
20,056.0
161.6
257.1
32.1
20.2
12,500.4
4,785.8
1,418.4
847.0
1,140.4
622.9
13,719.5
9,835.0
46,141.3
15,315.7
14.5
0.0
13.0
624.6
174.2
5.3
37.1
20.0
NA
3,038.7
0.8
NA
NA
7,983.9
2,795.0
2.0
1999
610,203.0
188,004.1
217,185.6
4,157.8
5,712.5
867.3
49.3
2,359.9
4,783.3
340.6
4,719.4
31,345.4
42,962.9
2,625.9
2,199.6
1,458.9
20,327.1
179.3
273.9
28.9
18.6
12,168.2
5,100.2
1,710.7
917.2
979.4
707.8
14,513.7
9,889.7
46,787.9
15,927.8
15.9
0.2
9.5
647.1
143.2
16.6
48.8
22.7
NA
3,042.5
0.2
NA
NA
8,194.5
3,222.7
1.1
2000
630,452.0
192,743.0
222,687.6
4,257.1
5,735.4
909.3
59.0
2,481.3
4,882.9
327.5
4,843.8
31,427.1
43,509.1
2,976.1
2,358.4
1,580.9
21,409.4
149.5
262.0
40.1
17.7
12,340.7
5,505.6
1,879.5
970.9
978.0
891.6
14,795.2
9,883.4
48,216.1
16,589.6
6.7
0.5
9.6
678.0
150.2
11.1
56.3
10.8
NA
3,136.0
0.0
NA
NA
8,503.8
3,484.1
0.9
2001
629,361.0
190,593.6
220,408.2
4,479.5
5,827.0
746.1
67.9
2,570.5
4,915.2
346.0
4,930.0
30,597.9
42,674.2
3,203.8
2,396.9
1,588.3
22,090.9
164.4
283.3
45.5
20.6
12,117.4
5,629.4
2,081.2
926.9
922.9
850.6
15,323.0
10,022.3
45,586.5
16,811.3
10.3
0.6
16.8
696.4
177.2
6.2
67.7
20.1
NA
3,214.6
0.0
NA
NA
7,949.9
4,150.9
1.0
2002
638,381.0
190,496.1
221,720.5
4,460.0
6,036.7
814.8
78.5
2,746.6
4,760.7
321.2
4,904.3
30,530.9
42,436.0
3,447.1
2,322.7
1,628.9
22,482.6
174.7
334.5
39.4
23.4
12,481.3
6,019.3
2,331.4
965.2
954.4
848.3
16,062.3
9,872.2
44,642.9
17,705.5
16.8
1.0
9.1
719.1
195.2
6.8
54.2
18.1
NA
3,099.9
0.0
NA
NA
7,878.8
5,226.1
0.8
2003
661,752.6
196,445.3
224,854.1
4,692.1
6,302.3
774.7
75.7
2,820.4
5,005.8
354.6
4,899.4
30,303.5
42,229.9
3,586.9
2,450.7
1,681.1
23,764.5
132.6
307.9
38.4
38.9
12,658.0
6,581.8
2,423.3
874.9
897.9
950.9
16,099.3
9,676.5
45,232.1
19,005.4
8.9
0.5
18.5
798.3
195.0
11.7
57.0
26.6
NA
3,130.5
0.0
NA
NA
8,133.9
6,038.8
1.3
2004
688,668.0
202,097.3
230,486.6
4,716.0
6,625.4
807.8
87.3
3,178.4
5,009.0
389.1
5,018.7
29,892.2
43,013.8
3,928.3
2,408.6
1,935.4
24,759.1
157.3
404.3
61.7
21.0
13,240.7
6,672.3
2,853.1
938.0
1,070.2
928.7
17,025.0
9,853.6
45,491.6
21,426.5
7.3
0.7
14.0
868.0
190.9
12.5
52.6
26.3
NA
3,370.3
0.3
NA
NA
8,674.1
7,434.3
3.0
2005
710,289.0
205,564.6
235,121.1
4,567.9
6,847.0
766.5
91.3
3,172.1
5,047.5
439.0
4,813.4
30,339.9
44,194.1
4,292.0
2,618.5
2,120.4
24,662.9
134.0
406.1
58.8
25.5
13,894.1
6,853.8
2,911.5
887.8
921.8
1,035.4
18,345.5
10,016.5
45,658.1
22,360.6
9.0
0.6
26.1
953.0
206.2
12.0
42.8
23.5
NA
3,651.2
0.0
NA
849.3
8,766.8
7,816.5
3.5
2006
740,388.0
209,272.3
242,847.5
4,614.3
6,735.9
766.8
119.9
3,565.7
5,133.1
456.9
5,088.0
31,218.5
44,543.8
4,874.1
2,592.2
2,302.6
25,802.9
120.0
515.2
65.0
20.1
13,989.7
7,232.3
3,628.5
1,014.8
1,006.9
1,062.7
19,525.8
10,105.3
46,746.5
23,480.4
10.2
1.5
29.5
985.7
232.3
13.2
41.5
18.6
6.6
3,896.2
0.0
435.3
395.3
9,233.1
8,180.5
0.8
2007
758,576.0
209,898.0
245,972.8
4,827.2
7,077.8
801.4
139.1
3,689.7
5,240.6
502.3
4,989.6
30,751.6
44,428.2
4,981.7
2,452.1
2,498.4
26,561.0
146.8
457.1
73.4
22.5
14,215.7
7,137.5
3,424.2
1,252.3
970.7
1,282.8
20,993.3
9,917.5
47,138.2
24,479.5
12.3
2.7
53.7
1,101.6
232.0
14.4
57.5
14.1
14.7
4,081.1
1.6
1,057.0
NA
9,194.6
8,640.7
1.5
2008
783,325.8
212,883.0
249,956.3
4,815.6
7,297.6
761.4
169.0
3,936.2
5,303.5
477.0
5,112.4
31,981.8
44,913.1
4,953.4
2,554.1
2,661.9
26,853.7
160.7
515.0
111.2
44.9
14,637.2
7,529.1
3,856.8
1,397.9
1,084.0
1,304.9
21,509.1
9,681.7
46,333.1
24,796.5
13.5
0.1
41.0
1,188.3
232.8
16.5
46.4
15.7
19.7
4,299.9
0.8
1,043.0
NA
9,334.4
8,543.0
1.4
2009
788,347.0
208,600.8
248,655.6
4,832.2
7,217.6
735.4
195.2
3,946.2
5,306.1
518.1
4,949.1
31,748.3
45,002.8
4,881.0
2,397.2
2,798.5
26,755.3
161.6
387.6
136.8
38.2
14,866.0
7,355.4
4,156.5
1,366.6
1,000.4
1,234.2
21,542.6
9,477.8
45,648.8
24,984.7
8.0
0.3
63.8
1,164.1
259.1
13.0
57.2
23.4
10.6
4,440.0
0.3
1,172.6
NA
9,469.2
8,300.9
2.2
Appendix table 5-27

Yugoslavia
Other former USSR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Laos
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
1995
504.3
22,870.8
166.0
139.1
650.2
118.2
157.6
13.2
137.1
18,603.5
35.9
7.3
2,515.8
326.9
76,921.6
1.0
162.1
2.3
9.5
15.6
3.7
9,061.4
9,370.1
129.5
47,067.9
1.8
365.8
1.0
8.3
32.0
0.0
313.2
144.7
1,141.4
3,803.2
85.4
4,758.7
339.6
103.5
9,476.2
146.3
42.2
1,387.8
279.5
50.8
5,740.7
154.1
1996
563.1
22,536.8
197.9
118.2
567.8
126.6
141.4
12.3
119.4
18,553.3
22.8
7.3
2,420.2
249.5
83,950.7
0.0
156.3
0.0
8.3
5.2
2.5
10,526.1
9,752.8
141.0
50,345.0
0.9
362.2
1.5
18.9
29.6
0.0
254.9
157.8
1,141.2
4,770.9
71.0
5,700.9
386.6
117.0
9,488.7
155.6
36.8
1,292.2
317.7
36.2
5,750.7
163.1
1997
594.5
21,927.2
172.3
85.8
596.3
135.9
115.3
14.4
108.3
18,133.4
25.3
6.0
2,265.2
269.0
88,144.1
0.0
136.3
1.0
9.7
4.3
4.3
12,171.6
9,617.6
146.1
51,462.4
2.4
349.0
0.0
16.9
38.7
0.5
268.1
170.4
1,338.5
5,802.2
62.2
6,016.1
405.3
120.5
9,989.0
159.6
36.2
1,266.1
390.6
40.4
6,047.4
200.5
1998
606.6
20,919.1
165.9
92.0
583.4
127.8
128.5
17.6
92.1
17,165.6
16.1
2.7
2,283.9
243.5
94,470.3
0.2
141.5
1.5
15.2
5.3
3.7
13,781.3
9,944.8
136.0
53,838.3
5.5
387.1
1.8
8.6
37.4
2.5
268.1
171.4
1,584.2
7,056.6
83.5
6,355.3
540.8
99.7
10,228.7
156.4
30.4
1,274.8
541.3
24.7
6,020.3
220.4
1999
562.7
20,919.6
163.9
65.7
578.6
131.9
104.6
13.9
93.4
17,145.4
26.0
0.8
2,354.9
240.6
100,316.7
1.0
166.6
0.5
21.3
9.9
7.2
15,714.7
10,190.4
162.7
55,273.8
3.8
471.4
2.0
12.2
39.9
2.2
295.9
175.8
1,897.2
8,478.2
86.9
6,642.7
549.5
110.9
10,408.3
185.4
34.9
1,293.0
664.8
22.9
5,928.8
230.3
2000
541.6
20,881.9
175.4
78.6
572.3
134.3
112.8
18.4
98.7
17,180.1
16.2
4.9
2,267.6
222.5
107,232.6
0.0
154.8
1.3
22.2
7.3
5.5
18,478.7
10,276.4
181.6
57,100.9
3.9
459.6
0.0
12.1
44.0
1.6
267.1
184.6
2,361.0
9,571.8
97.8
7,190.1
663.3
146.8
11,136.3
211.3
21.0
1,432.8
841.1
28.7
6,289.8
246.6
2001
499.7
19,162.0
156.7
67.9
502.7
115.8
113.6
17.6
72.7
15,657.9
21.1
2.8
2,238.0
195.2
111,681.1
0.0
181.0
1.2
10.3
5.8
7.2
21,134.1
10,800.5
188.7
56,081.7
4.5
472.4
1.8
19.0
43.7
0.0
279.4
141.2
2,434.3
11,007.2
73.2
7,911.8
726.9
155.2
11,431.8
220.5
24.8
1,463.5
1,034.9
32.5
6,233.5
232.5
2002
479.7
19,333.4
172.8
78.1
492.3
127.9
122.6
20.3
73.6
15,847.2
29.1
3.2
2,182.8
183.6
116,294.8
0.0
150.6
2.8
11.5
6.7
10.5
23,269.1
11,664.7
178.3
56,346.5
4.7
494.5
0.5
16.1
42.7
1.0
342.5
181.5
2,631.9
11,734.5
102.6
8,123.3
834.0
144.4
11,934.6
229.7
20.4
1,564.0
1,313.8
24.0
6,381.0
242.2
2003
584.2
18,475.7
184.1
110.3
520.6
111.5
119.0
11.4
83.1
15,147.3
18.3
2.3
1,993.4
174.5
126,600.5
1.2
200.1
2.3
19.2
6.4
12.7
28,767.9
12,462.2
156.6
57,228.2
8.6
479.3
1.1
18.4
54.9
3.8
359.7
183.6
2,939.4
13,400.9
141.5
8,928.7
1,018.6
205.1
12,862.8
280.7
38.2
1,716.8
1,789.8
25.6
6,524.2
250.7
2004
772.1
18,256.7
191.2
110.1
496.8
150.4
104.7
11.7
67.6
14,921.8
19.5
1.0
2,011.5
170.3
136,624.4
2.8
186.7
5.4
14.8
8.7
18.5
34,845.6
13,368.7
181.6
56,535.4
12.1
586.1
1.0
20.1
65.7
5.7
413.1
163.1
3,384.3
15,254.6
119.1
10,133.4
1,130.5
167.4
13,265.9
344.0
35.5
1,661.1
2,115.8
27.3
6,462.0
281.0
2005
NA
17,834.5
179.9
115.9
490.6
144.6
96.0
15.0
89.1
14,424.5
16.2
1.2
2,104.5
157.1
146,061.9
3.9
195.1
1.9
13.0
11.2
21.0
41,603.6
14,635.3
205.2
55,527.1
9.2
614.6
1.0
21.5
65.0
4.0
493.1
177.9
3,611.2
16,395.8
135.8
10,845.4
1,248.9
221.3
13,854.6
350.3
33.3
1,658.2
2,634.9
39.1
6,321.5
274.8
2006
NA
16,737.0
179.5
116.4
446.7
177.7
86.0
17.9
85.3
13,561.6
15.9
1.1
1,909.6
139.2
158,952.5
4.0
218.6
8.8
10.7
15.5
26.1
49,575.1
16,743.3
215.1
54,467.1
18.0
724.1
2.2
21.1
80.9
2.5
600.7
180.6
3,838.0
17,909.9
125.7
12,371.8
1,568.0
224.6
15,185.7
413.4
40.9
1,785.6
3,422.7
66.5
6,558.5
285.4
2007
NA
16,994.1
174.8
96.8
411.5
129.4
105.5
16.1
69.8
13,953.7
21.7
1.6
1,846.9
166.2
167,420.1
3.8
235.3
3.4
16.2
13.4
25.5
56,811.2
18,202.9
197.5
52,908.6
12.3
808.1
1.5
21.6
72.0
10.0
741.2
194.8
3,793.3
18,469.1
125.5
12,741.7
1,727.7
283.2
16,605.0
480.7
48.3
1,934.4
4,366.2
73.3
6,632.2
344.1
2008
NA
16,930.6
190.7
100.2
387.0
137.1
76.7
16.5
73.2
13,970.2
13.5
0.3
1,843.6
121.5
180,261.9
6.6
237.4
3.2
11.9
10.0
23.4
65,300.5
18,987.4
218.9
51,842.0
12.2
951.0
0.7
26.9
56.2
10.6
947.5
224.1
4,069.3
21,090.8
133.6
13,775.4
1,959.5
362.7
17,874.5
536.6
43.4
2,018.9
5,228.3
68.2
6,606.4
411.9
2009
NA
16,824.8
164.2
150.9
380.2
128.6
98.7
15.4
79.8
14,016.2
12.0
0.5
1,638.9
139.2
189,841.4
11.7
259.6
6.9
10.6
10.2
26.9
74,019.2
19,917.3
262.0
49,627.0
12.2
1,351.3
2.6
41.8
55.9
8.3
1,043.4
223.3
4,186.8
22,270.8
134.9
13,999.7
2,032.7
326.2
19,127.2
606.5
35.8
2,247.3
6,313.3
70.0
6,304.2
382.6
Appendix table 5-27

Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
1995
189.3
54.7
33.9
239.8
57.1
23.5
753.2
50.8
143.0
120.2
9.3
9,521.0
1.0
1,967.2
1.3
16.5
2.3
23.9
3,436.1
888.6
162.3
65.8
167.8
0.0
5.0
34.3
1.9
1.0
19.5
7.0
3.2
5.5
70.0
1,937.3
4.4
35.3
6.4
65.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.3
48.3
103.4
437.3
1.5
1996
208.9
62.6
20.0
273.9
51.5
28.2
734.5
45.1
160.4
143.1
8.2
10,505.5
0.0
2,287.2
1.7
11.4
1.3
21.3
3,813.4
920.3
194.7
74.7
206.4
0.3
10.0
32.0
3.7
0.0
23.8
2.8
1.2
7.9
57.0
2,123.9
8.9
33.9
8.7
69.8
0.3
2.8
1.0
2.6
43.7
110.9
426.2
1.5
1997
224.0
103.2
16.2
297.4
63.0
22.2
676.2
60.5
220.2
151.6
13.6
11,696.4
0.0
2,450.8
0.8
16.4
3.7
34.7
4,497.6
954.3
234.9
76.5
167.0
0.0
6.2
44.2
1.9
0.5
17.9
6.3
1.7
10.6
58.3
2,301.7
13.1
38.2
6.9
75.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
2.6
41.1
140.6
488.4
2.3
1998
234.8
102.6
20.6
376.0
79.5
28.5
682.7
44.3
226.8
155.5
9.1
13,008.1
0.0
2,550.7
1.4
15.3
0.8
28.2
5,234.1
991.8
247.7
72.7
236.3
1.5
7.6
31.2
0.0
0.0
16.1
3.0
2.7
11.2
46.8
2,658.9
6.5
34.4
9.4
65.6
0.0
2.7
0.0
1.8
52.9
140.6
533.9
2.2
1999
295.9
124.3
17.8
437.8
89.4
22.8
604.9
57.8
256.8
129.9
10.7
13,994.4
0.0
2,635.8
1.2
13.5
2.5
40.7
5,859.3
1,058.9
240.3
69.2
256.6
0.0
5.5
23.7
1.1
1.9
15.8
4.2
0.7
12.4
50.0
2,883.5
8.3
44.3
5.3
61.8
1.5
0.5
0.0
3.4
38.7
150.3
498.0
5.5
2000
238.3
143.7
15.8
466.1
92.3
17.3
590.0
54.6
292.3
144.7
9.9
15,062.1
0.0
2,846.1
2.5
14.2
0.3
29.1
6,407.3
1,115.1
331.5
80.0
283.8
0.1
12.9
37.4
3.4
0.8
13.9
4.1
4.7
7.4
36.1
2,970.7
10.3
38.2
7.5
79.3
1.5
0.0
0.3
2.9
43.0
155.6
515.8
6.3
2001
244.7
195.0
21.4
457.5
100.8
20.7
564.7
62.8
351.5
156.0
14.4
16,077.7
0.0
2,930.7
3.1
22.3
1.7
28.9
7,052.3
1,159.4
315.8
90.3
272.1
2.0
5.8
30.0
3.1
0.3
16.9
4.5
3.0
7.7
57.4
3,202.8
7.1
50.9
7.2
93.8
0.0
0.9
0.0
2.8
42.3
148.8
510.1
3.8
2002
227.8
158.8
19.5
466.0
113.4
12.8
582.8
48.6
354.8
163.3
11.5
17,462.0
0.0
3,178.1
2.0
20.1
0.9
33.2
7,881.1
1,311.4
355.6
89.1
206.0
0.7
5.2
50.7
7.6
1.5
19.0
8.6
4.8
6.4
54.8
3,320.2
6.8
49.9
7.9
87.6
0.1
0.2
0.1
4.4
44.7
161.5
536.4
5.6
2003
230.5
210.7
24.9
400.3
108.1
20.9
549.3
68.3
436.1
178.3
9.5
18,225.9
0.0
2,919.8
2.8
26.8
1.6
38.8
8,330.2
1,406.4
325.5
88.9
268.3
2.0
5.1
53.5
1.2
1.2
15.1
2.8
3.2
5.9
47.2
3,658.5
9.5
49.7
9.9
130.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.2
46.5
185.5
576.8
8.4
2004
244.3
198.3
17.1
417.1
98.7
48.1
550.8
79.3
454.5
210.2
20.8
19,712.3
0.0
2,981.6
1.4
29.2
1.0
31.7
9,573.0
1,464.1
358.5
84.9
254.5
2.3
6.7
50.2
4.3
2.3
16.0
3.0
6.4
7.5
51.1
3,870.0
11.0
60.7
8.8
106.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.9
50.4
193.7
475.3
2.5
2005
234.1
233.7
19.7
443.2
110.8
39.0
576.3
76.8
571.3
229.3
8.3
20,437.6
0.5
3,058.4
1.6
17.6
3.0
39.0
9,896.7
1,559.3
401.3
105.6
261.4
2.7
4.6
48.6
5.8
2.2
19.7
9.2
3.2
8.3
51.9
3,931.6
14.2
54.1
8.0
134.4
0.0
0.5
0.0
3.0
47.3
204.4
534.0
5.8
2006
256.5
250.3
26.2
399.5
108.2
42.1
557.6
62.4
656.4
229.6
23.9
21,736.1
0.3
3,264.0
1.3
19.8
2.9
43.1
10,799.5
1,630.4
469.7
80.1
295.2
2.7
5.4
40.0
5.7
5.9
22.2
3.8
8.7
7.5
39.8
3,998.2
18.2
57.5
4.7
134.8
1.8
0.5
0.7
1.9
41.7
196.8
525.1
6.2
2007
242.0
238.1
30.4
378.6
129.4
48.3
589.2
79.6
758.1
214.0
18.2
23,344.2
0.8
3,364.1
4.6
15.0
1.1
50.6
11,890.8
1,741.2
489.4
100.2
243.5
2.1
8.1
66.0
4.5
6.8
22.4
6.4
4.3
5.8
49.4
4,223.6
10.6
77.7
12.4
153.4
0.3
0.3
0.0
1.8
67.0
215.1
497.7
7.3
2008
239.7
279.8
37.3
413.3
124.5
59.9
620.8
66.5
851.2
255.5
12.5
24,754.9
0.5
3,567.1
3.1
21.4
1.9
49.6
12,909.2
1,784.7
574.6
107.0
252.6
2.5
7.7
69.9
2.9
5.5
15.9
3.4
5.2
7.1
41.4
4,256.8
16.4
75.0
5.9
161.1
0.0
0.3
0.5
2.8
46.4
247.9
496.8
12.0
2009
214.4
256.2
33.6
390.7
114.1
64.2
710.2
71.5
1,022.4
264.8
25.4
24,044.1
0.0
3,655.2
2.5
12.6
2.0
45.2
12,306.3
1,867.8
608.4
98.3
222.4
3.0
6.1
67.5
5.5
8.5
22.1
2.8
7.0
6.2
50.8
4,127.7
11.9
72.6
11.1
158.6
1.7
0.0
0.3
1.1
47.7
246.2
353.5
11.5
Appendix table 5-27

Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cte dIvoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
1995
4,052.0
2.9
13.7
28.0
13.2
10.4
66.0
0.3
6.3
3.2
0.3
5.8
19.3
39.9
1.3
0.7
0.7
93.7
16.2
21.8
58.3
2.8
1.6
287.0
2.5
0.3
15.9
38.3
13.2
2.1
6.4
12.8
9.6
20.3
449.6
9.6
0.0
68.1
5.5
3.8
1.4
2,350.7
48.2
5.2
97.0
9.1
41.7
1996
3,908.8
1.0
13.7
39.1
17.2
7.9
60.5
0.7
3.3
1.4
0.0
9.9
13.8
31.1
0.2
0.5
2.2
97.3
11.5
24.4
71.8
2.6
3.5
274.2
1.0
1.0
16.6
45.5
15.9
3.5
5.1
6.6
18.2
19.6
434.7
5.9
0.3
69.7
5.0
10.4
0.8
2,215.6
45.8
6.3
102.6
4.0
50.5
1997
3,971.9
2.6
21.4
31.6
22.1
11.5
83.3
0.3
5.6
1.9
0.0
7.6
15.8
40.0
0.0
0.7
0.2
95.4
18.7
30.0
81.9
2.8
4.3
271.9
2.3
0.3
16.0
40.3
12.9
2.1
3.3
9.5
13.3
27.8
436.9
5.0
0.0
61.8
1.7
9.3
0.5
2,222.9
42.0
5.0
98.4
5.2
51.5
1998
3,929.6
0.8
19.3
34.9
32.1
2.2
74.2
0.2
6.4
2.0
0.5
11.9
6.9
53.9
0.7
0.3
6.1
79.1
21.4
23.4
71.3
3.0
2.2
265.4
1.3
1.3
19.9
30.9
15.6
1.7
8.2
14.6
18.3
25.9
401.7
6.6
0.3
67.3
2.7
2.2
0.0
2,224.7
52.1
6.3
96.1
9.9
63.9
1999
4,001.6
3.4
21.2
38.7
22.9
5.1
70.6
0.6
4.2
2.8
1.0
12.5
6.0
47.9
0.3
2.2
2.7
109.5
23.3
19.7
74.1
2.1
6.9
242.6
2.6
0.0
20.9
36.4
10.7
2.2
16.7
13.9
14.7
16.0
416.5
2.7
0.0
75.5
1.7
1.3
0.5
2,302.5
43.1
4.3
87.2
9.9
71.1
2000
3,927.1
4.4
25.1
54.9
25.6
0.7
73.3
0.0
2.6
2.8
0.5
9.2
7.4
48.7
0.0
0.3
5.9
89.9
13.3
25.7
92.1
2.0
4.0
231.7
6.0
1.0
28.7
43.6
11.7
5.4
13.2
9.9
12.6
19.2
400.5
1.4
0.5
73.6
4.5
2.8
0.5
2,220.7
36.9
4.3
95.5
12.1
77.5
2001
3,860.3
5.0
21.1
50.6
25.4
2.9
76.1
0.2
2.9
2.0
0.1
4.9
2.8
45.0
0.3
1.0
5.0
77.9
21.8
27.9
78.7
3.8
4.5
228.5
2.4
1.0
30.0
44.2
11.5
6.5
14.6
14.3
17.3
13.5
304.0
2.8
0.3
58.8
3.0
4.3
0.0
2,291.4
33.9
2.4
80.9
10.2
82.9
2002
4,049.9
4.6
29.4
60.4
27.8
1.3
107.4
0.0
4.3
4.4
0.0
9.8
5.2
36.2
0.5
0.5
10.3
101.7
20.6
23.0
79.3
2.9
7.2
241.6
2.4
1.3
23.0
48.5
17.7
6.5
23.6
12.6
21.6
17.8
362.8
2.4
0.9
51.4
1.5
1.8
0.8
2,328.0
47.1
3.5
92.9
5.5
72.8
2003
3,947.0
1.1
27.5
66.5
40.6
5.1
120.4
1.3
6.0
5.4
0.7
13.8
7.1
52.6
0.5
1.2
5.7
92.0
22.5
19.8
75.8
1.2
7.0
239.4
2.6
0.0
36.0
43.1
16.6
7.1
13.5
9.1
19.7
14.1
357.8
1.3
0.5
76.7
4.2
0.6
0.5
2,204.8
37.4
5.7
76.3
9.8
87.6
2004
4,098.1
2.6
30.8
63.6
41.8
3.1
126.8
0.3
6.5
2.8
0.5
16.5
4.6
41.6
0.9
1.3
3.7
106.3
16.3
23.7
86.2
2.9
7.3
224.7
2.8
1.1
27.8
42.3
23.5
3.9
20.0
12.9
12.3
11.7
380.7
4.9
0.3
63.2
1.9
1.0
0.3
2,319.5
41.7
2.0
88.8
10.9
120.1
2005
4,183.5
3.5
27.9
48.4
32.3
2.5
130.9
0.3
8.5
7.2
1.6
18.9
6.2
39.4
0.9
0.2
8.0
87.6
20.3
22.7
81.3
4.5
5.8
225.8
0.8
1.3
33.5
40.5
24.3
7.1
15.4
24.2
23.4
21.6
364.2
5.6
0.0
82.8
2.8
2.1
0.0
2,395.4
47.1
2.8
107.0
10.4
93.4
2006
4,615.9
2.6
29.9
67.1
48.5
1.2
151.2
1.2
6.1
6.1
0.0
20.8
3.8
41.1
0.3
0.5
8.6
121.2
18.3
24.4
90.2
9.5
5.9
236.5
5.7
2.3
46.2
46.7
25.0
6.2
19.0
20.9
20.6
17.9
406.2
10.4
0.3
53.3
2.9
1.6
1.0
2,642.7
35.7
1.4
128.2
10.2
113.7
2007
4,953.1
3.2
43.1
61.6
42.9
3.2
154.2
0.0
3.9
3.3
1.2
20.9
7.2
37.4
0.6
1.3
7.9
148.5
15.8
17.2
109.4
4.2
9.7
262.2
3.0
0.0
47.9
62.9
19.4
3.3
17.8
23.9
14.1
22.4
427.9
12.3
0.5
68.4
4.0
2.6
0.0
2,808.0
35.9
4.3
122.8
12.1
164.6
2008
5,074.6
2.2
43.6
57.8
43.4
2.0
161.1
0.7
7.8
3.1
0.6
16.7
11.1
38.9
0.5
0.0
4.5
158.6
17.4
18.5
111.1
2.0
5.0
285.4
4.8
1.4
38.0
53.7
19.5
1.7
21.1
24.7
16.3
14.8
462.6
8.6
0.2
59.9
3.6
2.0
0.1
2,915.5
56.4
6.2
129.7
8.2
126.1
2009
5,081.6
6.2
47.7
44.9
49.9
2.6
145.1
2.1
4.0
2.3
0.5
17.7
19.1
56.0
1.6
1.6
3.7
175.3
18.0
19.5
101.5
3.4
5.5
290.5
3.5
0.0
34.9
52.5
25.0
2.9
21.5
28.6
13.6
15.7
461.8
11.7
0.1
56.3
4.3
2.9
0.7
2,863.6
63.0
7.5
152.0
6.7
143.2
Appendix table 5-27

Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other
Australia
Canada
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Western Samoa
1995
35.9
111.5
39,370.6
13,125.4
23,739.8
10.2
0.0
1.8
4.5
0.0
2,442.3
0.0
0.0
40.5
0.7
1.6
0.0
1.3
2.6
1996
22.5
113.9
40,087.9
13,623.3
23,841.8
9.0
0.0
2.0
3.0
0.0
2,575.5
0.0
0.0
30.3
1.8
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
1997
28.7
125.3
39,377.1
13,815.7
22,780.9
12.5
0.3
2.6
0.0
0.0
2,726.3
0.0
0.0
28.9
4.5
1.1
0.0
1.9
2.3
1998
29.9
110.1
39,362.8
14,307.4
22,200.7
10.7
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
2,801.7
0.0
0.0
33.8
4.4
0.5
1.0
0.8
1.5
1999
25.9
104.8
39,445.0
14,341.1
22,125.4
14.1
0.0
1.2
1.7
0.0
2,915.4
0.0
0.0
32.8
7.7
0.8
0.0
3.6
1.3
2000
22.6
102.1
40,191.8
14,588.6
22,701.3
9.8
0.0
0.3
1.6
0.0
2,850.8
0.0
3.9
26.8
4.0
0.5
1.0
3.0
0.1
2001
30.1
111.6
39,335.0
14,483.7
21,945.2
16.1
0.0
0.2
0.5
0.0
2,850.9
0.0
2.4
32.4
1.7
0.5
0.0
1.3
0.0
2002
28.6
96.7
39,384.2
14,255.2
22,341.5
13.6
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2,739.8
0.0
0.5
26.4
0.8
0.5
0.0
3.9
1.4
2003
22.0
86.8
41,336.1
14,933.6
23,553.8
15.5
0.0
0.5
1.5
0.0
2,799.8
0.0
0.9
22.1
4.1
1.2
0.3
2.8
0.0
2004
25.6
63.8
42,700.4
15,587.9
24,232.3
22.9
0.0
0.8
1.7
0.0
2,825.1
0.0
2.9
18.4
1.2
0.5
0.0
4.1
2.5
2005
30.9
62.2
44,870.4
15,972.4
25,861.6
22.4
0.0
0.5
1.2
0.0
2,987.2
0.0
3.5
15.9
1.1
0.0
0.0
4.6
0.1
2006
39.6
63.2
47,560.5
17,216.9
27,205.9
29.9
0.1
0.7
0.6
0.0
3,081.8
0.0
2.2
15.0
2.6
0.4
0.0
1.8
2.5
2007
35.9
80.1
48,909.1
17,833.8
27,833.9
35.2
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
3,175.8
0.1
3.1
21.3
2.1
0.5
0.0
1.6
1.1
2008
42.2
65.6
50,793.5
18,776.4
28,636.7
33.1
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
3,323.4
0.0
0.4
19.2
1.0
0.3
0.0
2.2
0.3
2009
34.9
56.1
51,186.8
18,923.3
29,016.9
30.9
0.0
0.8
2.2
0.0
3,187.8
0.0
0.8
17.2
2.0
1.3
0.0
3.6
0.0
NA = not available, country did not exist as such

NOTES: Article counts from set of journals covered by Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Articles classified by year of publication and assigned to region/country/economy on basis of institutional
address(es) listed on article. Articles on fractional-count basis, i.e., for articles with collaborating institutions from multiple countries/economies, each country/economy receives fractional credit on basis of proportion of its participating
institutions. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, and The Patent BoardTM, special tabulations (2011) from Thomson Reuters, SCI and SSCI,
http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/.
Appendix table 5-28

S&E articles in agricultural sciences, by region/country/economy: 19952009
World
United States
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Albania
Andorra
Croatia
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Macedonia
Monaco
Montenegro
Norway
San Marino
Serbia
Switzerland
Turkey
Vatican City
1995
11,437.0
3,638.4
3,482.4
30.0
109.8
17.4
4.0
16.3
141.3
3.3
79.5
399.8
630.6
66.3
30.3
51.7
202.7
1.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
274.8
46.4
30.2
4.5
19.5
4.5
385.7
130.8
800.8
176.5
0.8
0.0
0.0
9.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
57.0
0.0
NA
NA
67.7
36.0
0.0
1996
11,803.0
3,460.3
3,714.2
44.1
126.8
18.4
2.0
24.3
131.2
3.5
88.4
456.9
628.9
79.4
23.6
54.4
220.6
1.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
262.2
71.7
39.5
3.3
9.4
8.3
457.3
151.6
804.2
196.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.6
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
55.4
0.0
NA
NA
80.0
44.4
0.0
1997
12,180.0
3,521.0
4,055.2
47.6
122.3
22.3
2.3
29.6
157.3
0.8
115.1
449.2
638.9
82.3
23.7
81.5
258.9
1.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
336.9
70.4
45.9
2.6
13.7
5.6
550.1
156.2
838.5
249.2
0.5
0.0
0.0
5.0
6.3
0.0
1.0
0.0
NA
63.1
0.0
NA
NA
106.4
55.4
0.0
1998
12,390.0
3,435.1
4,257.9
40.6
133.5
12.0
1.0
25.7
186.4
2.9
93.1
502.5
686.9
72.3
43.1
122.3
253.0
0.0
4.8
0.0
0.0
308.3
83.9
60.7
5.0
15.5
6.6
563.9
169.4
864.4
245.3
1.3
0.0
0.0
6.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
61.3
0.0
NA
NA
98.9
71.2
0.0
1999
12,219.0
3,171.5
4,247.8
55.8
144.3
16.5
2.0
31.5
187.3
5.6
87.2
480.7
652.0
93.5
35.2
115.6
258.5
0.5
2.0
0.3
0.0
305.2
92.0
63.8
2.5
12.7
7.2
633.0
172.7
790.5
296.8
1.1
0.0
0.0
7.8
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
97.1
0.0
NA
NA
109.7
73.4
0.0
2000
13,041.0
3,412.8
4,497.9
51.3
163.7
12.9
2.3
36.2
208.4
6.3
103.6
552.1
621.4
108.3
39.8
135.3
332.9
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
307.7
89.6
72.0
4.5
10.7
7.4
619.2
161.9
847.1
301.7
0.5
0.0
0.0
4.3
2.9
0.0
1.0
0.0
NA
72.3
0.0
NA
NA
110.6
103.8
0.0
2001
12,570.0
3,388.4
4,225.5
55.4
142.8
8.7
0.5
33.7
225.3
3.3
112.1
521.1
656.6
127.5
25.4
125.3
304.7
1.0
7.7
0.0
0.0
239.6
80.9
67.8
2.1
17.1
11.7
592.4
144.9
717.8
361.2
0.5
0.0
0.0
13.1
7.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
NA
84.2
0.0
NA
NA
127.4
124.5
0.0
2002
13,843.0
3,717.1
4,598.8
59.1
157.3
8.7
1.5
37.3
194.6
4.3
137.3
524.9
658.3
129.2
40.0
139.1
371.2
0.0
5.6
0.0
0.0
300.6
123.7
78.3
2.3
17.9
7.0
719.8
147.1
733.6
394.2
0.0
0.0
0.5
11.8
4.1
0.0
1.7
0.0
NA
77.7
0.0
NA
NA
111.8
180.3
0.0
2003
13,790.0
3,600.7
4,657.6
49.9
194.7
11.6
1.3
42.7
233.2
4.3
108.2
514.6
634.3
128.3
48.0
116.2
391.4
0.0
9.2
0.5
0.0
327.8
125.8
83.3
2.1
13.4
18.6
762.7
155.7
679.7
477.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
18.0
2.5
0.0
0.3
0.0
NA
85.8
0.0
NA
NA
130.2
235.2
0.0
2004
14,185.0
3,673.3
4,701.1
42.6
207.7
9.5
2.0
46.5
250.0
6.6
114.9
523.1
628.4
126.2
28.2
120.8
453.7
0.5
4.5
0.3
1.0
285.1
141.1
83.0
2.8
15.8
15.7
827.4
179.6
584.3
606.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
21.6
7.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
106.6
0.0
NA
NA
108.2
349.3
0.0
2005
14,822.0
3,585.7
5,082.4
54.2
228.1
14.2
1.8
53.4
229.8
9.5
114.9
522.7
731.5
182.7
66.0
136.7
485.6
0.0
7.7
0.0
0.0
281.9
154.5
93.6
3.6
13.2
15.1
918.2
153.4
610.0
636.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
24.9
4.9
0.0
0.0
0.5
NA
122.5
0.0
NA
15.8
133.4
334.2
0.0
2006
16,188.0
3,825.9
5,440.4
80.9
245.0
17.0
0.1
68.4
228.1
8.9
139.4
579.4
741.9
197.6
50.7
195.5
480.0
1.8
12.2
0.3
0.0
310.7
140.5
144.7
3.4
18.5
19.7
1,019.3
152.3
584.2
690.8
0.0
0.0
0.5
30.5
6.9
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
120.9
0.0
3.7
13.3
133.8
380.4
0.0
2007
17,877.0
3,712.2
6,011.4
72.2
274.9
14.7
2.3
77.1
289.3
9.3
130.6
619.4
672.2
220.7
36.1
157.5
634.6
0.1
11.5
1.0
0.0
338.5
204.2
165.9
3.5
18.5
31.9
1,203.9
172.2
649.2
812.6
0.7
0.0
0.5
38.7
5.7
0.0
0.3
0.7
0.0
130.1
0.0
38.4
NA
147.4
450.1
0.0
2008
17,651.0
3,671.3
5,870.1
67.5
249.1
13.5
2.5
85.4
233.1
14.4
121.2
597.9
716.5
204.3
31.3
202.5
686.8
4.0
8.7
0.9
0.0
303.6
190.5
156.2
5.9
23.1
41.6
1,164.4
150.0
594.9
674.6
0.4
0.0
1.0
30.1
5.6
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.6
116.4
0.0
27.1
NA
161.4
331.9
0.0
2009
17,983.0
3,469.2
5,958.9
78.6
230.5
18.2
4.4
107.2
198.6
10.9
131.9
634.1
739.1
186.7
67.2
214.5
691.7
2.2
7.5
2.1
0.0
261.0
179.0
166.8
4.7
23.5
37.7
1,262.6
148.8
549.5
660.2
0.0
0.0
2.0
34.2
4.6
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
116.0
0.0
29.3
NA
135.7
337.6
0.0
Appendix table 5-28

Yugoslavia
Other former USSR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Laos
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
1995
4.1
141.7
0.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
131.7
0.0
0.0
4.0
1.0
1,475.5
0.0
8.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
53.4
203.4
7.7
1,026.2
0.5
24.8
0.0
0.0
2.7
0.0
13.5
29.0
8.7
21.7
10.4
46.2
16.8
2.0
221.2
3.0
0.0
40.7
6.7
1.5
107.9
5.3
1996
5.0
410.3
0.5
0.0
3.0
1.3
2.5
0.0
3.5
374.5
0.0
0.0
22.5
2.5
1,472.6
0.0
7.8
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
61.2
216.8
9.2
994.8
0.0
23.2
0.0
0.3
3.8
0.0
10.2
30.2
2.5
30.6
6.7
55.0
19.2
0.5
220.9
3.3
0.5
42.8
4.5
4.0
106.6
4.0
1997
11.5
205.0
1.0
0.0
4.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
186.0
0.0
0.0
11.7
0.5
1,485.4
0.0
10.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
61.7
222.8
17.3
951.3
0.8
18.2
0.0
0.8
5.6
0.0
15.7
32.8
6.2
53.3
6.5
62.0
15.9
3.2
216.8
0.5
0.5
47.1
10.2
2.0
94.2
6.0
1998
6.2
202.3
0.0
0.0
5.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
3.5
181.7
0.0
0.0
10.5
0.0
1,614.7
0.0
11.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
95.1
250.0
13.7
981.0
0.5
28.0
0.0
0.5
7.2
0.0
20.3
26.0
3.9
59.6
10.6
83.2
21.1
2.3
228.9
2.5
0.5
50.2
3.8
1.2
96.7
18.2
1999
5.0
181.2
0.0
0.0
7.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
159.7
0.0
0.0
10.0
0.5
1,873.4
0.0
10.7
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
117.3
282.7
15.3
1,136.5
0.3
28.8
0.0
0.0
4.5
0.0
18.7
30.4
5.7
91.8
8.4
90.8
29.0
1.0
231.0
4.1
0.5
49.4
7.3
1.0
101.2
15.3
2000
6.2
207.3
0.0
0.5
7.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
192.8
0.0
0.0
5.7
1.0
2,012.3
0.0
5.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.3
127.8
296.2
13.8
1,197.1
1.9
33.6
0.0
0.5
4.0
0.0
15.3
29.0
3.3
119.7
14.3
107.0
35.6
6.2
264.1
4.8
0.0
49.0
13.9
1.0
118.5
13.0
2001
3.5
188.5
0.0
0.5
2.1
3.2
0.5
0.0
1.1
168.3
0.0
0.0
12.8
0.0
1,935.2
0.0
11.2
1.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
149.8
258.1
7.2
1,127.2
0.0
22.5
0.0
0.0
3.4
0.0
24.6
19.2
5.6
129.1
6.2
123.7
40.9
4.3
239.6
3.2
0.0
44.6
17.3
2.0
98.1
13.3
2002
6.3
176.3
1.5
0.0
2.5
1.0
1.2
1.0
0.8
160.0
0.0
0.3
7.3
0.7
2,191.1
0.0
7.9
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
201.7
280.7
6.7
1,209.7
1.2
36.4
0.0
0.0
4.4
0.0
20.1
36.5
14.9
162.9
5.5
149.7
45.3
6.3
264.8
2.1
0.5
48.3
28.2
3.0
110.2
16.5
2003
5.5
25.6
0.0
1.0
0.5
1.3
0.0
0.0
1.3
17.4
0.0
0.0
3.6
0.5
2,268.0
0.0
8.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
232.2
288.9
6.2
1,201.9
3.0
28.1
0.0
0.0
3.1
0.0
29.9
12.9
6.6
217.6
24.6
139.4
58.0
5.9
261.8
4.6
0.0
37.1
43.1
0.0
104.8
18.2
2004
12.0
25.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.5
0.0
16.7
0.0
0.0
3.7
2.8
2,378.0
0.0
9.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
338.8
306.3
12.6
1,165.5
2.5
37.8
0.0
0.0
5.2
0.3
35.3
19.4
16.6
194.6
8.2
147.1
69.7
8.1
283.8
4.3
2.0
30.7
52.2
2.0
106.3
25.2
2005
NA
23.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.8
0.0
0.3
16.1
0.0
0.3
2.7
2.5
2,644.3
0.0
11.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
1.0
458.5
335.6
18.2
1,200.4
0.0
34.7
0.0
0.8
4.6
0.3
33.2
15.4
13.8
230.5
16.0
179.2
77.6
12.7
283.1
5.7
0.0
31.2
54.1
1.0
100.9
14.6
2006
NA
29.6
0.3
0.8
0.0
1.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
22.9
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.3
3,001.2
0.0
5.7
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.2
695.7
420.0
8.7
1,171.8
2.5
38.1
0.0
2.3
6.1
0.0
38.6
23.6
24.0
242.7
13.1
201.2
96.7
8.9
318.0
7.3
0.5
46.1
90.3
2.0
85.1
12.2
2007
NA
33.2
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.8
1.9
0.0
1.0
24.2
0.0
0.0
2.3
1.7
3,778.2
0.0
10.0
0.0
0.5
1.8
3.3
1,129.9
589.1
7.6
1,153.7
0.5
55.3
0.0
0.8
5.4
1.6
73.6
23.7
21.0
273.2
14.9
266.4
131.0
14.6
425.1
3.6
0.0
50.6
153.7
4.3
104.7
22.5
2008
NA
22.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
1.5
16.8
0.0
0.0
1.6
1.3
3,950.6
0.0
8.6
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
1,206.4
499.8
12.9
1,251.8
1.4
68.5
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.8
67.9
32.1
17.7
360.8
15.9
238.9
151.6
14.2
437.9
10.6
2.0
48.5
149.0
3.5
93.5
30.8
2009
NA
24.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.3
17.8
0.0
0.0
3.0
2.7
4,307.8
0.3
17.2
1.0
0.0
0.3
0.5
1,396.9
486.5
14.3
1,241.6
1.0
93.5
0.0
0.5
2.7
0.0
67.7
33.3
18.3
443.7
12.4
297.5
164.6
14.2
507.2
10.7
0.0
62.4
189.9
1.0
110.2
24.5
Appendix table 5-28

Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
1995
3.0
2.8
0.0
8.9
7.0
0.0
12.3
17.7
2.2
1.5
0.5
267.5
0.0
86.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
47.4
9.5
14.7
7.4
1.8
0.0
0.3
3.3
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
2.0
3.8
58.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.0
3.4
12.7
0.0
1996
3.0
3.7
0.0
6.5
4.5
0.0
16.5
14.8
4.2
2.0
0.0
289.0
0.0
94.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
64.4
9.4
12.7
3.5
3.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.8
1.5
65.9
0.0
0.0
0.6
9.0
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.0
7.2
6.2
6.7
0.0
1997
4.0
2.3
0.5
8.3
1.0
0.0
14.7
18.4
4.7
2.5
0.0
376.2
0.0
118.1
0.0
1.0
1.0
1.5
95.1
16.8
18.7
5.5
1.3
0.0
0.3
1.3
0.7
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
4.8
1.5
66.5
1.5
0.0
0.0
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.0
10.8
16.3
0.0
1998
2.0
3.3
1.0
8.1
8.1
0.0
16.0
13.6
1.8
2.0
0.0
392.4
0.0
110.2
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
126.6
10.5
14.3
6.3
3.0
0.0
0.5
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.2
2.7
76.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
9.3
6.0
19.3
0.0
1999
2.0
2.8
1.0
10.3
5.2
0.0
13.0
10.8
3.9
2.0
1.0
358.8
0.0
113.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
111.0
19.3
9.4
5.4
3.5
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
4.3
1.2
61.0
0.3
0.5
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.5
8.4
11.1
0.0
2000
3.0
6.5
0.0
6.2
2.7
1.0
14.3
22.8
3.8
3.5
0.0
411.2
0.0
121.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
130.4
15.4
13.5
5.1
5.2
0.0
1.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
2.6
3.5
87.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.7
5.7
8.5
0.8
2001
4.0
7.0
0.5
9.1
7.8
0.5
7.6
14.8
6.9
2.8
0.0
472.5
0.0
154.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
138.6
17.1
13.3
4.6
8.7
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
103.7
2.0
0.0
0.8
7.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
7.7
10.6
0.0
2002
3.5
3.2
0.0
15.6
11.2
1.0
8.1
5.3
6.6
0.5
1.1
633.5
0.0
184.2
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
216.1
33.7
15.4
6.7
8.0
0.0
0.3
3.3
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
1.0
118.3
0.0
0.5
0.3
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.7
13.7
18.0
0.0
2003
2.0
8.5
0.3
6.9
7.1
1.0
3.8
14.5
7.5
2.5
0.0
558.1
0.0
123.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.0
209.1
26.2
14.1
3.9
5.8
0.0
0.3
2.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
2.1
0.5
116.5
0.6
0.0
0.0
15.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
14.2
17.2
0.5
2004
3.6
4.0
0.0
9.9
10.5
1.0
5.8
13.4
9.5
3.3
0.0
599.6
0.0
152.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
214.3
44.3
10.5
3.3
5.2
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.2
0.0
1.8
0.3
0.5
1.7
1.7
120.8
0.4
0.0
0.2
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
13.0
18.6
0.5
2005
0.8
8.5
1.0
12.7
11.2
0.0
4.8
14.8
14.0
7.7
0.0
686.0
0.0
161.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
273.8
43.3
14.8
8.8
5.7
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.8
125.9
0.9
2.2
0.0
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
12.5
18.2
0.0
2006
2.0
7.9
1.0
14.7
3.2
0.0
2.0
14.8
16.9
10.7
1.3
787.4
0.0
197.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
311.6
44.5
17.4
4.6
4.5
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.5
2.1
0.0
147.4
1.0
1.6
0.3
4.4
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
6.0
20.5
17.3
1.0
2007
1.2
2.5
0.3
10.2
10.2
0.0
4.6
11.5
41.9
3.3
0.0
898.4
0.0
197.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
368.0
56.6
18.6
4.6
6.8
0.0
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
169.5
0.5
0.9
0.3
7.4
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
9.5
17.7
34.6
0.0
2008
4.8
5.2
0.0
16.8
4.8
0.0
4.9
11.7
43.3
8.6
0.0
876.1
0.0
214.2
0.0
0.5
0.1
3.8
372.4
51.0
19.4
5.5
6.2
0.0
0.0
4.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
4.3
139.6
0.5
1.3
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
25.4
19.3
1.0
2009
1.0
7.6
1.0
8.1
5.0
0.0
3.3
14.5
61.5
5.6
0.8
985.8
0.0
204.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.1
445.1
73.1
28.4
4.0
6.2
0.0
0.2
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.1
161.2
1.0
1.9
0.2
11.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.4
20.2
17.0
0.0
Appendix table 5-28

Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cte dIvoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
1995
262.8
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.0
0.5
6.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25.9
0.0
0.5
9.0
0.0
0.0
25.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
3.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.3
7.7
97.9
0.3
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
50.0
4.3
0.5
5.0
2.8
1.0
1996
236.5
0.0
0.8
4.3
0.8
1.5
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
17.2
0.0
1.0
11.3
0.0
0.0
20.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.8
0.0
2.0
0.5
0.0
5.6
83.3
0.5
0.0
3.5
0.0
1.0
0.3
46.6
4.5
0.0
8.2
0.0
1.5
1997
291.4
0.0
3.2
1.3
3.7
0.5
6.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
22.4
0.0
1.6
12.7
0.0
0.3
24.9
0.0
0.0
0.5
5.7
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
8.3
82.1
1.3
0.0
6.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
56.2
9.0
0.0
12.4
0.3
3.2
1998
293.8
0.0
3.8
1.0
6.6
0.5
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
7.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.2
0.0
1.5
10.6
0.0
0.0
21.9
0.0
0.0
1.0
5.6
2.8
0.0
1.0
4.3
0.0
9.7
85.3
0.0
0.0
8.2
0.0
1.7
0.0
55.6
10.2
1.0
14.6
1.0
6.9
1999
279.8
0.0
2.0
2.6
4.7
1.5
7.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
17.2
0.0
0.3
10.2
0.0
0.0
24.9
0.0
0.0
1.0
4.3
2.7
0.0
6.5
2.0
0.5
3.0
96.0
0.0
0.0
5.7
0.0
1.0
0.0
46.0
9.8
0.0
6.5
0.0
5.1
2000
254.7
0.0
4.9
7.5
2.7
0.0
7.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.9
0.0
0.5
11.5
0.0
0.0
25.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
1.8
0.9
1.8
0.3
0.0
7.4
69.2
0.0
0.0
6.2
0.0
0.3
0.0
53.7
6.5
0.0
2.2
0.5
4.9
2001
230.8
0.0
0.9
3.3
1.3
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.7
0.0
7.8
0.0
0.0
4.0
7.7
1.5
0.0
9.3
0.0
0.0
25.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.8
2.2
66.4
0.0
0.0
7.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
47.5
5.2
0.3
4.2
0.5
6.5
2002
293.0
0.0
5.0
3.5
1.3
0.0
9.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.5
6.8
0.0
0.0
1.5
18.2
0.5
0.0
13.1
0.0
0.0
29.4
0.0
0.0
0.1
2.4
1.7
0.0
1.5
1.3
0.0
8.4
78.0
0.0
0.0
10.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
64.8
8.0
0.0
6.1
0.3
2.9
2003
316.0
0.0
6.3
3.5
3.4
0.0
12.7
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
6.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.0
0.5
0.5
10.0
0.6
0.0
32.9
0.0
0.0
1.0
3.1
4.7
1.1
0.9
1.3
0.0
2.8
84.5
0.0
0.0
8.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
72.3
7.6
0.5
7.3
2.8
10.4
2004
285.3
0.0
8.2
5.8
4.1
0.0
7.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
17.8
0.3
0.3
13.6
0.0
0.0
26.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.0
4.0
0.0
0.3
0.7
0.0
2.8
81.7
0.0
0.0
7.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
68.3
5.5
0.0
2.5
2.8
8.8
2005
287.3
0.3
4.1
4.4
8.9
0.0
12.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
11.6
0.5
0.7
6.9
0.0
0.0
31.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.6
3.7
0.0
0.7
0.8
0.0
5.7
61.1
0.5
0.0
4.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
84.6
8.5
0.3
5.1
3.7
7.7
2006
294.2
0.7
8.4
1.5
5.3
0.0
11.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
17.6
0.3
0.0
11.1
0.3
0.0
33.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
3.6
2.2
0.8
0.0
1.8
0.8
3.8
68.4
0.3
0.0
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.3
78.3
3.0
0.0
8.9
2.9
7.7
2007
325.1
0.0
3.3
4.7
7.6
0.0
10.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
3.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
19.6
0.3
0.0
13.8
0.0
0.0
33.7
0.0
0.0
2.5
4.1
2.6
0.0
1.5
1.1
0.9
0.9
80.1
0.0
0.0
5.9
0.0
2.5
0.0
89.1
5.5
0.3
12.6
1.4
4.8
2008
324.3
0.0
5.8
2.8
3.9
0.0
14.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
3.4
0.0
0.0
0.5
25.3
0.0
0.0
10.7
0.0
0.0
36.6
0.5
0.3
1.6
2.2
1.3
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
2.1
71.3
0.3
0.0
4.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
92.0
5.6
1.8
11.6
1.3
8.6
2009
285.0
0.0
9.3
2.8
1.4
1.0
9.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.8
5.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
22.9
0.0
0.3
10.4
0.0
0.0
30.2
0.0
0.0
3.6
1.3
1.5
0.0
0.5
0.7
0.5
1.4
55.9
0.6
0.0
4.4
0.0
0.5
0.0
89.5
4.5
0.5
7.7
0.2
8.6
Appendix table 5-28

Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other
Australia
Canada
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Western Samoa
1995
0.3
11.6
1,771.0
647.5
886.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
234.3
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
1996
1.7
8.8
1,802.6
652.8
909.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
236.8
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1997
4.2
18.6
1,779.9
652.4
872.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
251.7
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1998
2.2
7.5
1,719.5
623.3
835.4
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
249.4
0.0
0.0
8.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.5
1999
1.9
12.0
1,578.7
577.8
728.4
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
269.6
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.0
2000
2.2
13.2
1,678.9
602.7
816.9
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
254.7
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
2001
4.0
14.2
1,528.3
581.8
711.2
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
233.7
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2002
1.0
15.1
1,574.2
585.4
754.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
233.4
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2003
2.0
11.5
1,624.6
630.4
753.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
240.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
2004
5.1
7.7
1,631.7
609.4
770.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
250.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.0
2005
4.7
12.9
1,593.3
621.8
729.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
241.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
2006
3.7
10.6
1,800.4
674.5
886.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
237.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
1.0
2007
2.0
9.2
1,880.9
739.0
892.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
248.7
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2008
2.7
11.9
1,823.7
686.2
848.7
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
284.2
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0

2009
0.7
7.5
1,784.4
669.7
885.9
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
226.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
Appendix table 5-29

S&E articles in astronomy, by region/country/economy: 19952009
World
United States
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Albania
Andorra
Croatia
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Macedonia
Monaco
Montenegro
Norway
San Marino
Serbia
Switzerland
Turkey
Vatican City
1995
6,706.0
2,525.0
2,372.7
21.5
43.3
17.7
0.0
23.8
43.5
10.7
22.9
333.9
467.2
31.0
14.4
11.4
321.9
3.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
146.2
71.1
7.4
1.0
2.7
0.9
145.0
44.7
586.2
83.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
9.6
0.0
NA
NA
56.0
7.1
0.5
1996
7,596.0
2,769.6
2,960.2
22.6
52.9
12.0
0.0
31.4
36.4
7.0
29.7
439.9
664.9
34.5
24.5
14.1
382.8
2.2
4.0
0.0
0.0
210.3
76.3
9.6
3.1
10.1
3.0
188.7
55.9
644.2
108.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
15.1
0.0
NA
NA
63.6
16.7
0.3
1997
7,084.0
2,445.5
2,834.4
44.0
48.1
13.0
0.0
30.1
49.6
5.6
30.7
418.5
592.8
27.9
14.6
8.7
381.9
4.7
3.3
1.0
0.0
178.4
77.5
7.7
7.5
8.1
2.3
225.9
61.3
591.3
94.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
11.1
0.0
NA
NA
61.5
14.8
0.3
1998
7,554.0
2,491.9
3,018.0
38.1
61.7
14.7
0.0
27.3
61.5
5.9
37.3
414.7
579.7
27.6
20.7
11.0
396.2
4.1
2.6
0.0
0.0
166.7
87.4
32.2
3.0
9.3
0.8
281.0
55.5
679.1
119.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
0.2
0.0
0.7
0.0
NA
12.0
0.0
NA
NA
78.6
11.2
1.0
1999
7,788.0
2,602.1
3,036.3
35.2
50.2
23.5
0.0
36.9
48.2
9.1
38.4
440.1
565.2
34.5
18.7
17.0
434.0
4.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
211.3
100.9
9.1
3.6
5.9
0.0
211.3
55.7
681.0
117.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
14.7
0.0
NA
NA
86.7
6.5
0.0
2000
7,392.0
2,557.0
2,808.6
32.1
49.9
11.9
0.0
29.5
48.5
6.7
39.8
450.6
525.7
34.2
22.2
12.1
386.6
1.8
2.1
0.3
0.0
167.4
103.0
18.8
3.4
7.6
1.3
194.7
60.8
597.6
100.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.6
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
10.1
0.0
NA
NA
68.0
11.6
0.0
2001
8,359.0
2,783.5
3,337.1
30.7
59.6
18.2
0.0
30.6
51.4
7.7
47.5
501.3
639.9
54.1
21.8
6.1
478.6
1.0
3.1
0.0
0.0
198.2
96.4
15.2
3.9
9.9
1.0
277.6
60.7
722.6
125.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.3
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
13.7
0.0
NA
NA
73.4
22.0
0.0
2002
7,891.0
2,612.9
3,141.6
30.9
55.7
12.2
0.5
25.4
42.1
11.5
47.6
467.6
601.6
43.0
23.3
11.9
454.6
0.0
14.0
0.3
0.0
183.5
85.6
15.0
4.0
8.6
1.5
208.7
75.1
717.3
131.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.8
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
6.3
0.0
NA
NA
94.7
14.0
0.0
2003
8,607.0
2,771.3
3,566.5
49.0
70.3
8.1
1.0
26.7
49.8
6.5
40.9
506.7
704.0
45.0
20.7
16.0
546.9
0.5
2.5
0.0
0.0
209.9
123.2
28.2
5.4
10.0
3.2
236.7
62.6
792.6
151.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
14.8
0.0
NA
NA
94.0
25.7
0.3
2004
8,756.0
2,916.8
3,454.9
41.2
58.6
11.6
0.2
27.3
41.7
2.1
48.6
506.1
679.3
48.4
24.2
17.8
519.0
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
188.8
112.9
25.1
5.7
6.7
1.6
248.6
66.3
770.9
182.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.8
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
16.1
0.0
NA
NA
116.7
26.5
0.3
2005
8,546.0
2,838.9
3,344.1
43.3
82.6
5.5
0.7
45.4
30.8
8.1
39.1
495.4
593.4
51.4
16.2
26.3
497.5
0.8
1.1
0.0
0.0
199.5
109.6
22.1
4.5
10.0
4.1
243.7
62.3
750.9
185.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.1
1.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
NA
19.9
0.0
NA
11.3
106.8
40.3
1.1
2006
8,766.0
2,796.1
3,454.8
42.7
62.9
7.8
1.3
44.0
34.6
8.5
45.7
498.7
632.1
62.3
26.5
15.7
532.3
0.5
0.9
0.5
0.0
186.1
105.4
26.8
4.9
12.3
2.0
269.0
64.9
766.6
176.4
0.0
0.2
0.0
3.9
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
19.5
0.0
4.2
4.4
96.8
44.4
0.8
2007
9,415.0
2,997.5
3,677.7
45.8
84.9
17.8
0.1
47.4
29.0
5.7
40.6
543.3
712.7
40.7
47.2
24.7
573.7
0.2
1.2
0.0
0.0
180.8
103.0
28.2
6.8
11.1
1.9
285.7
62.2
782.7
193.1
0.3
0.3
0.0
9.3
2.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.5
20.3
0.0
11.9
NA
111.3
36.1
0.5
2008
9,302.8
2,862.4
3,634.0
44.8
80.5
16.2
0.3
53.8
27.8
4.3
41.4
576.2
726.4
46.3
22.0
30.1
526.3
2.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
178.3
103.4
30.0
6.3
18.9
3.3
284.9
64.7
743.9
158.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
5.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
15.4
0.0
12.3
NA
93.1
29.9
1.1
2009
9,983.0
3,186.7
3,840.4
50.6
84.6
16.3
1.1
54.8
32.9
5.4
47.8
581.6
709.9
60.0
29.7
30.2
573.3
0.7
1.1
0.0
0.0
186.2
113.0
30.0
9.7
13.8
2.3
334.8
68.7
802.0
181.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.7
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
26.3
0.0
8.5
NA
101.2
36.6
1.5
Appendix table 5-29

Yugoslavia
Other former USSR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Laos
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
1995
6.8
455.6
9.8
0.7
1.0
10.5
4.0
0.0
0.0
360.8
0.3
0.0
64.5
4.0
485.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
91.2
104.3
2.7
258.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
1.0
17.5
0.0
7.6
1.3
0.0
80.9
0.5
0.0
15.8
4.0
0.0
56.7
0.0
1996
11.3
456.4
10.6
0.5
1.0
2.0
7.0
0.0
0.0
362.7
0.7
0.0
67.0
5.0
571.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
102.6
120.0
2.0
302.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
28.0
0.0
14.9
1.0
0.0
66.9
1.2
0.0
8.3
2.9
0.0
51.7
0.0
1997
5.8
416.3
7.9
1.2
0.0
5.3
1.5
0.0
0.0
327.5
1.0
0.0
65.4
6.5
589.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
114.7
127.1
1.4
306.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
27.2
0.3
8.5
1.0
0.0
62.4
1.0
0.0
2.8
3.0
0.0
52.6
1.0
1998
13.2
387.0
3.9
2.0
0.0
4.2
3.5
0.0
0.0
312.3
0.3
0.0
53.7
7.0
765.6
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
148.6
120.0
0.2
448.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
1.0
0.0
32.7
0.0
11.1
0.0
0.0
67.0
0.6
0.0
11.2
2.5
0.0
45.2
3.0
1999
6.6
439.5
26.2
0.0
0.0
5.9
3.2
0.0
0.5
342.1
0.5
0.0
54.8
6.4
791.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
132.0
119.8
4.5
473.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
44.7
0.0
14.5
1.0
0.3
67.2
1.2
0.0
3.2
1.7
0.0
58.1
0.0
2000
3.8
376.0
6.7
1.0
0.5
3.0
2.3
0.5
0.0
300.9
0.8
0.0
57.6
2.7
779.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
156.5
151.6
0.8
415.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
38.1
0.0
16.0
0.0
0.3
76.9
1.3
0.0
6.1
5.8
0.0
52.9
2.5
2001
10.1
462.4
6.8
3.0
0.0
8.2
3.6
0.0
0.0
368.5
2.0
0.0
61.5
8.9
857.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
221.6
155.7
2.6
412.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
41.6
0.0
22.1
0.0
0.0
76.0
0.8
0.0
4.7
9.2
0.0
54.9
0.3
2002
9.2
404.5
6.4
1.0
0.0
5.1
4.2
0.0
0.0
326.9
1.5
0.0
57.2
2.2
771.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
183.8
152.2
1.4
366.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
45.1
0.0
18.7
3.1
0.0
88.7
1.3
0.0
10.3
9.7
0.0
61.7
0.0
2003
13.9
410.1
12.2
2.3
0.0
5.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
326.5
3.8
0.0
57.3
1.7
841.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
197.4
148.0
2.0
423.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.2
43.1
0.0
22.6
3.9
0.0
97.8
0.0
0.0
9.2
14.2
0.0
64.5
0.3
2004
13.8
387.5
10.0
2.3
0.0
4.7
1.2
0.0
0.0
324.6
3.0
0.0
38.4
3.3
839.2
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
209.8
119.4
1.7
421.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
49.6
0.0
33.3
2.2
0.0
94.6
0.5
0.0
7.5
12.8
0.0
64.5
0.0
2005
NA
382.1
6.2
1.8
0.0
9.1
0.5
0.0
0.0
306.7
0.0
0.0
51.9
6.0
884.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
294.1
149.8
1.1
352.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
61.0
0.0
21.7
3.8
0.6
88.4
2.2
0.0
8.4
11.2
0.0
58.6
0.1
2006
NA
370.7
7.6
3.0
0.3
6.9
0.3
0.0
0.0
295.1
0.0
0.0
54.7
2.7
1,027.9
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
384.3
194.2
0.0
354.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.5
59.6
0.0
26.2
3.5
1.0
100.2
1.8
0.0
2.8
18.9
0.0
68.2
0.0
2007
NA
397.9
9.4
2.3
1.0
8.8
0.1
0.0
0.0
333.8
1.8
0.0
36.8
3.8
1,163.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
420.0
170.5
1.5
436.9
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.8
80.4
0.0
46.1
4.7
0.0 *
107.2
2.6
2.0
9.9
17.2
0.0
62.2
1.0
2008
NA
419.2
6.5
1.8
0.3
7.8
1.4
0.0
0.0
338.0
1.7
0.0
59.8
1.8
1,242.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
410.4
211.7
0.9
485.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.5
2.5
0.0
0.5
74.7
0.0
50.2
3.0
0.0 *
110.3
2.0
0.0
9.3
17.7
0.0
73.2
0.5
2009
NA
432.2
9.7
2.8
0.0
10.4
0.9
0.0
0.0
358.0
1.7
0.0
45.3
3.3
1,336.8
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
484.5
210.9
1.0
466.4
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.2
100.6
0.0
61.1
3.8
0.8
119.5
2.8
0.5
8.3
23.5
1.0
75.6
0.5
Appendix table 5-29

Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
1995
0.0
0.8
0.8
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
225.5
0.0
47.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
53.7
64.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
49.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
7.3
0.0
1996
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.3
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
238.2
0.0
38.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
73.9
56.1
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
60.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
5.6
0.0
1997
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.0
265.7
0.0
35.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
87.8
62.2
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
72.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.1
4.7
0.0
1998
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
291.4
0.0
51.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
82.2
48.3
4.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
75.3
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
26.7
0.0
1999
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
295.4
0.0
48.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
86.3
53.6
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
95.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
9.0
0.0
2000
0.0
1.0
0.0
4.8
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
302.9
0.0
44.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
112.6
60.3
0.1
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
78.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
5.0
0.0
2001
0.0
0.7
0.0
1.9
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
321.3
0.0
60.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
82.5
68.3
1.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
99.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
7.0
0.0
2002
0.0
1.5
0.3
1.5
0.3
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
335.2
0.0
64.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
83.1
94.9
1.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
83.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.4
6.0
0.0
2003
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
8.0
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.0
333.9
0.0
61.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
83.1
85.9
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
95.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
5.9
0.0
2004
0.0
0.8
0.5
3.5
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
361.2
0.0
65.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
86.2
96.4
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.6
9.1
0.0
2005
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.8
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.8
0.7
1.0
348.2
0.0
53.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
87.2
93.1
1.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.2
11.0
0.0
2006
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.1
1.2
0.0
1.0
0.0
2.2
1.0
1.0
372.5
0.0
61.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
107.0
113.7
1.3
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
81.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
3.8
0.0
2007
0.8
0.5
0.0
2.5
0.8
0.0
2.0
0.0
2.3
2.3
1.0
404.4
0.0
66.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
109.7
103.9
0.3
1.3
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
113.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
5.5
0.1
2008
0.1
0.4
0.0
2.8
1.0
0.2
1.1
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
391.0
0.0
67.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
110.8
104.7
2.0
0.4
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
96.9
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.7
4.6
0.1
2009
0.3
2.1
0.0
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.6
0.0
1.8
1.5
0.0
385.5
0.0
65.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
100.7
105.5
0.5
0.8
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
102.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
6.4
0.0
Appendix table 5-29

Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cte dIvoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
1995
89.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
84.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1996
39.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
3.9
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
34.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1997
41.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
37.7
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1998
50.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
4.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
42.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1999
45.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
43.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2000
30.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
29.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2001
36.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
33.9
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2002
51.6
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
40.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2003
40.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
39.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 *
2004
33.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.9
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2005
36.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
33.2
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2006
37.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
35.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
2007
50.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
44.3
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2008
45.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
4.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
39.1
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2009
54.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.4
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
44.9
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Appendix table 5-29

Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other
Australia
Canada
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Western Samoa
1995
0.0
0.0
388.6
152.8
226.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1996
0.0
0.0
386.1
190.8
184.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1997
0.0
0.0
334.7
157.4
169.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1998
0.0
1.0
363.7
173.7
180.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1999
0.0
0.0
393.6
185.8
195.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2000
0.1
0.1
360.8
156.3
191.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2001
0.1
0.0
359.6
193.1
158.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2002
0.0
0.0
353.4
166.3
176.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2003
0.0 *
0.0
394.3
179.1
207.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2004
0.0
0.0
486.0
257.5
217.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2005
0.0
0.0
437.4
220.7
206.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2006
0.1
0.0
429.5
210.6
211.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2007
0.0
0.0
423.8
182.1
237.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2008
0.0
0.0
439.8
187.4
246.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
* = rounds to zero; NA = not available, country did not exist as such

2009
0.0
0.0
446.8
204.6
233.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Appendix table 5-30

S&E articles in biological sciences, by region/country/economy: 19952009
World
United States
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Albania
Andorra
Croatia
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Macedonia
Monaco
Montenegro
Norway
San Marino
Serbia
Switzerland
Turkey
Vatican City
1995
142,506.0
53,983.0
48,881.4
779.6
1,481.4
167.8
2.2
440.9
1,204.7
49.1
1,049.5
7,665.9
8,551.5
342.3
380.6
300.1
4,240.0
27.0
32.5
9.7
2.1
3,322.6
631.0
226.3
42.3
237.3
76.8
3,001.9
2,701.6
11,914.5
3,105.0
2.4
0.0
6.5
61.1
29.8
0.0
2.8
3.8
NA
609.6
0.0
NA
NA
2,023.2
265.0
0.0
1996
142,588.0
52,955.4
49,252.5
868.4
1,503.9
164.9
8.0
488.3
1,179.8
61.0
1,117.4
7,914.0
8,670.5
344.6
361.9
323.1
4,394.8
19.1
22.5
8.4
1.5
3,204.7
689.4
242.1
48.4
222.4
69.2
3,191.3
2,565.1
11,567.9
3,212.6
4.3
0.0
0.5
73.6
20.7
0.0
0.5
4.4
NA
601.3
0.0
NA
NA
2,102.1
307.2
0.0
1997
141,863.0
51,821.3
49,063.1
894.2
1,477.4
209.0
8.8
531.3
1,296.3
54.4
1,049.3
7,689.5
8,958.2
378.7
438.0
299.8
4,388.5
24.0
32.3
10.5
4.5
3,058.1
670.6
266.1
43.3
212.5
108.9
3,229.5
2,528.1
11,201.0
3,270.1
0.3
0.5
2.4
74.1
28.5
0.0
2.5
1.9
NA
673.9
0.0
NA
NA
2,080.8
332.7
0.0
1998
145,556.0
51,769.9
50,375.3
901.8
1,456.0
160.6
7.9
545.4
1,290.2
80.4
1,202.3
7,736.5
9,482.3
448.8
518.2
354.9
4,386.9
22.1
31.2
16.3
3.3
3,040.0
703.0
248.9
54.3
211.7
122.3
3,304.0
2,659.9
11,385.8
3,397.8
2.5
0.0
2.8
78.3
45.4
0.0
3.6
6.8
NA
703.1
0.3
NA
NA
2,076.5
376.7
0.0
1999
144,485.0
50,844.6
49,990.1
944.7
1,495.3
162.0
10.9
603.4
1,304.8
92.5
1,244.7
7,606.8
9,284.5
389.8
500.2
372.1
4,354.0
23.7
40.2
9.8
1.5
3,000.5
741.4
340.8
42.4
249.5
139.2
3,536.1
2,615.2
10,884.1
3,512.8
1.8
0.0
0.0
98.4
35.4
0.0
1.7
2.2
NA
704.8
0.1
NA
NA
2,157.2
414.2
0.0
2000
147,031.0
52,165.4
50,405.7
884.7
1,413.3
182.7
11.6
601.8
1,392.7
93.0
1,266.1
7,537.3
9,303.5
539.8
500.4
352.3
4,501.9
20.0
31.5
17.1
1.0
2,957.0
834.0
413.8
47.9
217.3
239.8
3,436.6
2,548.8
11,059.9
3,575.8
1.7
0.5
0.5
93.9
32.4
0.0
2.6
1.7
NA
746.9
0.0
NA
NA
2,155.7
447.1
0.0
2001
144,465.0
51,495.3
49,178.8
982.5
1,430.5
140.2
7.9
629.3
1,362.6
85.4
1,263.2
7,211.8
9,082.2
507.9
503.7
355.3
4,392.0
23.5
55.3
19.1
2.8
2,826.6
802.7
431.1
44.3
202.1
157.4
3,545.5
2,634.9
10,479.0
3,566.2
2.9
0.3
2.1
101.8
38.7
0.0
7.5
2.4
NA
788.4
0.0
NA
NA
2,031.4
510.0
0.0
2002
146,119.0
51,155.1
49,575.7
980.2
1,448.5
151.7
9.3
688.7
1,314.5
83.7
1,241.1
7,031.7
9,027.1
562.5
526.3
365.3
4,562.4
31.0
48.0
14.5
3.3
2,951.7
914.3
466.4
40.2
226.8
134.5
3,737.9
2,553.3
10,460.9
3,721.0
1.1
1.0
0.9
99.6
38.9
0.0
2.9
2.1
NA
742.6
0.0
NA
NA
2,043.2
717.3
0.0
2003
149,263.7
51,515.8
49,851.6
958.9
1,491.4
140.4
4.6
733.7
1,391.7
80.3
1,242.4
6,877.9
8,870.9
567.5
549.5
373.7
4,773.9
19.7
62.0
15.7
13.8
2,866.1
1,087.9
564.5
51.3
194.5
175.9
3,842.3
2,531.1
10,369.8
3,898.5
2.3
0.5
2.7
125.5
50.6
0.3
1.9
6.4
NA
723.0
0.0
NA
NA
1,998.3
887.6
0.0
2004
154,509.0
53,560.9
50,480.8
1,043.4
1,580.1
145.7
9.8
792.9
1,403.2
100.8
1,267.2
6,794.9
9,111.8
621.1
593.0
401.2
4,876.7
24.9
51.4
25.0
9.2
2,948.6
1,000.9
576.2
50.9
224.0
145.7
3,818.3
2,459.2
10,404.6
4,202.2
1.1
0.0
3.5
131.2
51.4
1.2
5.8
3.1
NA
758.0
0.3
NA
NA
2,104.4
1,007.0
0.0
2005
156,226.0
53,133.1
50,963.7
1,006.7
1,638.0
136.9
7.5
797.8
1,293.1
128.8
1,220.7
6,781.4
9,389.4
711.8
585.1
462.0
4,947.2
17.4
62.1
17.3
1.4
2,986.5
1,142.3
574.0
43.1
179.0
207.1
4,121.1
2,422.6
10,083.3
4,325.9
3.7
0.0
5.5
154.2
53.3
0.5
7.1
2.6
NA
794.7
0.0
NA
165.3
2,054.6
1,084.3
0.0
2006
157,420.0
52,637.9
50,751.9
981.8
1,511.7
123.1
11.7
808.6
1,333.6
123.0
1,251.7
6,613.9
9,141.7
792.1
625.8
462.6
5,105.1
19.4
63.0
23.3
2.9
2,862.5
1,243.7
668.1
53.2
215.8
180.4
4,183.9
2,429.9
9,919.4
4,486.7
2.6
0.0
8.3
182.1
41.6
0.3
3.6
4.3
0.0
841.1
0.0
69.7
68.8
2,129.6
1,134.6
0.0
2007
159,204.0
52,585.8
50,534.0
1,003.3
1,543.8
136.7
12.1
892.2
1,303.2
132.0
1,213.1
6,526.7
9,099.0
742.1
559.3
513.1
5,074.9
21.5
60.5
21.9
3.8
2,899.8
1,175.1
666.4
61.9
225.0
221.3
4,233.6
2,345.7
9,846.1
4,403.9
3.0
0.2
4.4
167.6
51.5
0.5
6.8
1.3
1.4
831.7
0.0
152.7
NA
2,073.6
1,109.0
0.0
2008
159,740.0
51,593.4
50,672.3
983.4
1,584.6
140.7
13.8
974.0
1,306.2
103.9
1,240.7
6,453.4
8,984.7
828.2
614.9
512.1
5,109.9
24.4
56.1
31.3
6.3
2,976.3
1,163.1
736.7
63.3
232.7
238.7
4,332.3
2,256.1
9,704.4
4,251.5
1.8
0.0
3.7
169.5
43.7
0.6
7.2
1.1
1.5
812.7
0.0
184.9
NA
2,013.9
1,010.9
0.0
2009
157,294.0
49,614.1
49,623.4
1,005.3
1,597.1
129.6
17.3
919.1
1,263.2
144.8
1,109.3
6,287.0
8,818.9
746.2
552.6
553.8
5,073.0
20.1
50.1
37.8
7.6
2,859.9
1,157.9
817.2
66.6
208.7
218.0
4,424.3
2,112.7
9,425.2
4,218.7
1.8
0.0
7.2
176.9
46.8
0.0
4.8
2.5
1.0
836.5
0.0
146.0
NA
2,094.1
901.1
0.0
Appendix table 5-30

Yugoslavia
Other former USSR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Laos
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
1995
100.7
3,733.9
31.0
11.0
78.8
11.3
14.8
3.5
16.9
3,350.1
16.0
3.0
175.4
22.0
16,472.5
1.0
30.4
0.0
1.7
3.7
0.5
889.4
1,871.2
43.3
11,792.6
0.5
79.5
0.0
4.7
8.9
0.0
77.2
53.1
196.5
491.1
26.9
766.6
121.8
11.9
2,003.8
15.9
2.3
189.7
77.0
10.7
1,372.6
29.8
1996
97.9
3,791.1
40.1
9.9
90.0
13.5
17.3
0.9
7.3
3,417.6
8.2
3.5
166.8
16.0
16,975.7
0.0
26.2
0.0
1.0
0.8
0.0
1,157.6
1,901.4
45.7
11,785.8
0.0
86.1
0.0
4.5
7.5
0.0
51.5
46.1
176.9
643.7
19.8
889.9
116.1
15.1
1,750.3
14.1
1.8
154.6
44.0
4.5
1,202.8
18.7
1997
72.4
3,615.2
22.0
8.5
92.4
17.5
12.8
2.0
8.6
3,236.5
10.3
1.8
190.5
12.3
17,417.9
0.0
27.4
0.0
4.2
0.1
0.7
1,219.9
1,863.1
37.3
12,048.2
0.5
74.6
0.0
7.3
10.5
0.0
72.9
56.2
197.4
721.3
19.8
918.9
116.6
21.1
1,982.8
8.9
2.5
149.0
66.8
9.7
1,372.8
29.4
1998
101.6
3,449.4
18.2
10.3
63.3
11.1
14.4
2.0
4.1
3,129.3
6.0
1.2
170.0
19.6
19,376.8
0.0
27.5
0.5
3.5
2.7
1.3
1,906.2
1,963.6
51.1
12,725.8
4.0
76.3
0.0
2.7
5.9
0.0
72.9
48.4
216.9
1,085.3
20.6
973.8
165.8
21.9
2,015.0
8.7
1.6
178.1
74.5
7.3
1,351.1
39.8
1999
97.2
3,551.7
17.7
7.7
79.2
4.6
9.5
0.5
6.2
3,244.0
12.5
0.5
151.6
17.7
19,575.8
1.0
30.7
0.5
4.3
1.2
2.0
2,018.4
2,033.3
48.9
12,560.5
0.0
90.3
0.0
3.6
11.8
1.0
83.7
54.5
255.8
1,254.7
30.0
896.7
166.1
26.8
1,974.4
16.5
1.0
181.1
76.5
4.5
1,310.3
31.1
2000
92.8
2,601.9
15.1
6.0
73.1
13.0
6.9
1.0
8.0
2,365.8
4.5
1.7
96.2
10.5
20,686.3
0.0
27.7
0.0
6.5
2.5
1.0
2,222.7
1,976.4
58.9
13,089.7
1.1
91.9
0.0
1.1
9.6
0.0
56.0
51.4
291.6
1,548.1
23.1
1,010.8
193.0
23.0
2,105.8
8.5
5.0
175.9
101.9
3.9
1,456.5
42.0
2001
80.7
1,667.4
11.7
1.1
53.7
7.1
6.8
0.4
6.0
1,489.2
2.1
1.3
80.1
8.0
20,797.5
0.0
28.2
0.0
3.3
2.1
1.3
2,597.8
2,118.9
48.9
12,485.9
1.7
87.0
0.0
4.5
13.1
0.0
63.6
36.8
275.4
1,643.9
23.4
1,128.9
197.4
35.4
2,152.6
12.9
4.3
187.2
121.5
4.5
1,403.6
35.9
2002
71.3
1,885.2
19.4
3.3
55.4
9.1
7.7
0.2
4.5
1,653.2
1.8
0.5
124.8
5.1
21,412.4
0.0
27.4
0.0
1.6
1.5
1.6
2,819.5
2,252.2
55.6
12,398.7
0.3
93.9
0.5
2.1
10.3
0.0
66.7
44.0
340.3
1,871.1
33.3
1,131.2
234.3
26.4
2,275.0
17.9
3.5
207.8
160.6
2.0
1,479.5
35.9
2003
99.5
1,911.6
13.6
3.7
53.1
6.3
10.5
0.5
4.8
1,704.6
0.5
0.0
105.6
8.3
23,048.8
0.5
39.4
1.0
1.3
3.2
6.4
3,684.9
2,517.1
46.7
12,324.9
1.3
93.0
0.1
5.9
15.7
1.0
77.5
51.3
386.3
2,230.1
42.2
1,198.0
287.8
32.8
2,432.1
20.1
10.3
217.0
247.7
4.8
1,477.4
41.2
2004
135.2
1,866.4
13.4
7.2
55.8
11.3
9.0
1.1
5.4
1,653.1
0.8
0.5
103.5
5.5
24,808.2
0.0
40.1
1.3
2.5
1.3
4.7
4,485.6
2,633.9
55.7
12,322.5
3.3
114.9
0.0
3.6
17.4
1.0
90.3
44.1
475.5
2,618.4
35.0
1,487.7
332.9
36.6
2,399.9
17.3
6.2
195.2
275.8
2.1
1,465.5
36.7
2005
NA
1,760.9
13.9
11.5
49.1
15.2
5.7
0.4
2.8
1,570.0
0.0
0.0
84.6
7.7
26,092.2
0.6
35.1
0.3
1.8
3.2
8.7
5,538.8
2,822.9
56.7
11,984.3
4.5
129.4
1.0
5.1
16.6
0.3
92.0
56.6
530.4
2,822.7
37.0
1,559.3
344.5
40.6
2,432.1
16.6
8.3
198.4
356.8
3.4
1,385.8
35.5
2006
NA
1,347.3
18.5
3.6
31.8
13.6
3.4
1.5
3.8
1,188.5
1.0
0.0
71.2
10.4
27,509.1
0.3
40.4
4.6
2.7
5.2
8.6
6,832.8
3,037.4
60.2
11,519.6
3.8
118.2
0.0
6.7
24.1
0.0
108.5
41.7
547.8
2,973.8
32.2
1,694.3
393.9
52.4
2,493.8
23.5
9.3
197.0
397.7
9.0
1,387.0
34.8
2007
NA
1,319.6
10.6
3.6
38.0
7.4
7.4
1.0
1.9
1,155.1
0.2
0.0
86.5
8.1
28,831.3
0.3
42.3
1.4
6.7
3.6
6.4
7,945.2
3,206.6
57.6
11,342.8
3.1
125.0
0.0
7.5
18.8
2.8
111.5
41.3
544.3
3,157.0
25.5
1,669.8
466.8
45.0
2,778.0
27.8
7.3
196.2
606.7
5.1
1,408.9
40.2
2008
NA
1,115.2
12.4
0.3
29.5
13.4
4.2
1.3
3.2
971.4
1.5
0.0
69.7
8.2
30,212.0
1.1
42.3
1.3
3.7
2.2
6.2
9,009.9
3,246.1
60.1
11,159.6
1.5
139.2
0.0
9.7
13.8
1.2
164.4
53.2
555.4
3,246.4
27.4
1,925.4
499.5
42.5
2,783.0
33.5
9.9
214.3
573.0
4.4
1,398.4
40.8
2009
NA
1,050.9
6.0
2.3
33.5
6.8
5.9
1.2
4.3
936.6
0.2
0.0
49.4
4.7
31,298.9
0.5
47.7
2.8
2.3
5.0
9.4
10,516.8
3,360.3
67.8
10,374.3
5.8
183.5
1.3
17.2
15.5
3.0
191.5
55.1
633.2
3,407.5
27.8
1,831.3
489.1
50.5
2,816.0
37.5
4.0
264.8
641.8
2.8
1,279.0
43.5
Appendix table 5-30

Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
1995
44.4
4.2
6.5
21.2
10.2
2.0
138.1
14.0
31.9
30.2
2.9
2,803.0
0.0
584.6
0.0
2.3
1.2
5.5
1,034.6
231.8
58.8
31.6
55.4
0.0
1.0
10.7
0.5
0.0
9.0
2.2
0.3
1.6
14.6
536.6
1.6
28.8
3.0
27.4
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
17.6
33.6
108.1
0.3
1996
34.2
12.2
3.8
32.9
11.0
5.8
144.6
14.1
22.8
25.5
3.0
3,093.8
0.0
691.4
1.6
2.9
0.2
10.5
1,168.8
194.2
66.8
45.4
70.5
0.3
5.1
9.5
1.0
0.0
10.0
1.2
0.0 *
3.8
14.6
548.3
2.3
21.4
5.5
27.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
12.7
33.6
142.5
1.0
1997
40.7
27.7
2.5
41.0
11.3
3.0
132.7
12.2
35.9
34.1
2.6
3,313.5
0.0
735.8
0.5
5.8
1.1
16.0
1,292.3
211.4
58.7
39.8
57.4
0.0
3.1
12.4
0.8
0.0
11.5
0.5
0.2
2.6
18.3
587.6
4.2
28.7
3.2
24.7
0.0
0.5
0.0
2.1
16.8
40.3
136.7
0.8
1998
50.2
28.4
6.6
56.6
19.7
6.2
110.9
14.0
31.7
25.5
3.9
3,615.1
0.0
774.8
0.9
6.3
0.3
9.8
1,462.1
221.9
58.3
40.0
85.5
0.0
2.8
10.0
0.0
0.0
9.3
1.0
0.5
6.1
9.8
663.6
1.0
25.0
3.1
25.6
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.9
15.5
40.6
138.3
1.0
1999
65.6
25.0
4.7
65.8
12.7
1.5
98.0
15.1
36.1
27.7
1.2
3,663.2
0.0
720.3
1.2
3.9
0.9
13.5
1,606.8
230.3
72.1
32.4
71.7
0.0
1.1
6.1
0.0
0.0
5.7
0.8
0.3
1.6
12.8
638.9
3.3
31.9
3.0
15.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
9.0
45.6
131.0
0.8
2000
51.5
25.2
0.8
50.6
13.4
1.6
88.0
8.4
41.1
27.9
3.5
3,916.1
0.0
828.6
0.7
3.4
0.3
16.4
1,691.8
210.0
82.4
38.1
85.5
0.0
3.3
12.0
0.5
0.5
7.7
1.7
0.8
2.0
10.4
663.7
2.5
25.4
2.9
24.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
13.0
49.6
136.3
0.5
2001
52.0
48.4
7.6
58.4
10.5
3.0
96.6
14.6
63.1
24.0
4.6
4,075.9
0.0
855.4
0.3
3.5
0.7
11.1
1,732.2
223.0
89.1
48.2
94.0
0.0
2.0
6.9
0.5
0.0
9.7
1.3
0.7
2.5
14.5
706.1
0.8
37.2
4.0
30.6
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
9.6
48.6
140.6
1.9
2002
41.3
38.5
4.7
62.4
12.7
0.3
100.9
9.6
66.3
27.6
3.3
4,627.5
0.0
936.6
0.3
4.9
0.9
16.0
2,124.6
258.6
107.7
41.9
65.9
0.0
1.4
14.4
0.9
0.0
12.4
4.2
0.8
2.4
15.3
747.6
0.5
38.2
3.7
32.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
8.1
46.7
139.0
0.5
2003
55.1
51.3
3.8
43.7
18.9
1.0
105.5
20.2
67.8
42.0
4.5
4,972.0
0.0
947.2
0.6
4.8
0.8
16.9
2,284.0
275.0
99.2
51.0
93.6
0.0
2.4
15.0
0.5
0.6
5.2
1.1
1.9
1.1
8.6
848.1
2.5
34.3
5.4
41.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.6
18.4
72.3
136.8
1.2
2004
48.8
40.4
0.9
54.4
12.9
6.1
87.3
17.7
82.8
46.8
3.0
5,368.9
0.0
867.1
0.5
2.5
0.3
13.8
2,637.2
315.9
115.6
47.7
92.6
0.0
2.5
19.1
1.3
1.3
9.3
0.7
0.5
1.2
13.6
911.0
3.7
43.0
3.4
34.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
15.0
74.9
137.2
0.8
2005
56.7
36.8
4.6
49.0
17.3
2.9
79.1
12.1
114.0
52.1
2.8
5,253.7
0.3
902.3
0.2
2.3
1.4
17.2
2,454.3
334.5
115.7
58.7
78.9
0.2
0.3
15.8
2.6
1.0
6.7
2.1
0.0
2.3
10.5
942.9
5.1
35.5
5.7
41.2
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.5
10.5
69.8
133.2
0.6
2006
38.9
34.7
5.6
42.1
13.4
5.5
75.6
8.9
150.0
55.4
5.2
5,605.6
0.1
1,022.8
0.7
3.7
2.4
20.1
2,771.8
288.9
113.2
33.2
99.7
0.3
1.3
15.0
0.8
3.2
4.5
0.2
1.6
2.0
15.1
919.5
3.0
39.1
1.4
43.7
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.9
6.0
65.9
123.0
2.1
2007
48.1
39.4
3.9
41.1
11.4
4.3
83.4
12.7
195.5
44.2
1.7
5,914.6
0.3
994.8
1.1
1.5
0.6
26.3
2,920.2
352.7
114.6
50.8
68.9
0.2
1.1
26.9
2.4
2.8
8.7
2.6
1.1
1.9
8.1
985.6
4.0
54.2
4.9
62.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
11.7
62.4
139.0
2.7
2008
43.8
44.7
3.4
40.3
11.9
7.5
75.5
12.2
214.0
55.1
0.5
6,400.6
0.5
1,061.0
1.0
5.8
0.0
17.4
3,345.0
352.4
113.3
51.5
74.5
0.0
2.4
22.3
1.4
0.7
6.2
0.6
0.7
0.4
5.4
1,011.3
4.1
47.5
4.3
49.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.0
10.8
68.7
135.6
5.4
2009
42.3
36.2
4.5
38.8
9.9
9.7
98.6
11.9
246.5
41.2
2.9
6,091.9
0.0
1,102.9
0.4
1.1
0.5
21.9
3,138.7
337.7
121.2
45.2
71.3
0.3
1.2
27.8
1.4
3.6
9.3
0.0
2.6
1.4
6.3
921.6
2.6
48.4
5.1
47.2
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.0
82.0
78.7
1.9
Appendix table 5-30

Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cte dIvoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
1995
1,157.5
0.3
8.0
6.0
4.2
1.7
19.0
0.0
2.1
0.7
0.0
2.3
3.9
16.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
21.9
6.9
7.9
10.4
0.3
0.9
106.5
0.0
0.3
6.4
10.8
1.7
0.7
3.2
0.0
6.3
3.7
82.4
6.3
0.0
33.7
3.1
0.8
0.0
690.3
13.0
2.2
23.0
0.0
15.8
1996
1,152.1
0.0
9.0
9.2
5.7
1.7
17.6
0.5
0.8
0.0
0.0
4.8
7.1
14.2
0.0
0.0
0.5
19.5
6.3
11.1
19.3
0.7
1.8
92.2
0.0
1.0
6.1
7.3
4.7
0.3
0.8
1.9
9.4
7.8
92.4
2.9
0.3
24.7
1.8
1.8
0.0
674.3
8.9
3.5
27.6
0.8
12.5
1997
1,154.9
0.9
12.2
7.0
7.4
1.2
25.4
0.0
1.6
0.1
0.0
6.4
4.8
13.8
0.0
0.3
0.0
20.3
7.1
11.2
11.6
1.0
2.2
94.7
0.0
0.3
6.9
7.5
3.1
0.6
0.5
0.5
7.0
7.4
91.7
2.0
0.0
23.5
1.0
1.6
0.0
672.5
8.1
3.0
22.0
2.9
18.9
1998
1,194.3
0.5
8.7
10.5
11.8
0.8
29.8
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.5
5.1
1.6
12.9
0.0
0.3
1.3
17.9
13.6
11.0
10.6
1.5
1.6
92.6
0.0
0.0
8.3
7.1
3.5
1.4
4.0
2.5
10.7
7.5
89.0
3.4
0.0
24.2
0.7
0.0
0.0
692.2
14.2
3.6
20.6
2.5
20.8
1999
1,175.3
1.4
7.6
5.0
6.0
1.4
24.3
0.0
2.4
0.3
0.0
8.7
4.3
15.9
0.0
0.0
1.3
20.0
15.3
7.1
20.4
1.4
2.6
70.6
1.0
0.0
13.4
7.8
3.3
0.9
3.3
2.6
5.8
7.4
94.5
1.0
0.0
31.1
0.3
0.0
0.5
675.9
15.7
1.0
23.3
4.0
24.8
2000
1,246.4
2.0
9.9
4.7
8.8
0.0
23.5
0.0
1.2
0.5
0.0
5.8
2.6
17.4
0.0
0.0
3.2
19.3
6.1
9.4
20.2
1.0
2.0
78.8
2.5
0.0
17.5
10.5
5.5
2.2
4.3
2.4
9.1
4.3
110.3
0.4
0.0
27.2
1.3
0.3
0.5
722.7
12.7
1.0
28.2
1.4
28.2
2001
1,254.9
2.6
11.1
5.1
10.7
0.3
29.1
0.0
1.7
0.3
0.0
0.9
0.9
15.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
24.6
13.3
9.7
19.3
1.1
4.1
90.8
1.2
0.0
16.9
12.9
5.9
0.9
4.9
3.7
11.7
3.2
85.1
1.1
0.0
20.8
2.5
2.3
0.0
733.9
11.0
0.5
22.2
0.5
31.0
2002
1,260.5
0.8
13.8
9.5
9.2
0.0
34.6
0.0
1.4
0.7
0.0
4.3
1.4
13.9
0.0
0.2
2.1
33.1
14.6
8.3
21.1
0.5
3.1
97.7
1.0
0.6
13.1
14.7
6.2
0.5
6.7
3.1
9.0
4.3
86.4
0.8
0.4
16.8
0.3
1.3
0.0
712.9
11.4
1.0
28.9
1.1
24.3
2003
1,260.5
0.9
9.4
19.4
18.6
0.0
39.1
0.0
3.7
0.8
0.7
4.5
1.5
22.8
0.0
0.9
1.3
36.5
12.6
7.6
18.0
0.2
2.2
95.7
0.3
0.0
17.3
14.0
5.5
1.2
4.6
2.9
12.5
1.3
95.3
0.6
0.2
23.4
3.8
0.1
0.0
666.4
11.2
2.0
24.5
3.4
33.9
2004
1,276.0
1.0
9.6
10.7
15.3
0.0
42.6
0.0
3.1
0.3
0.2
8.7
1.7
18.2
0.4
0.5
0.5
24.2
12.0
9.5
20.2
1.1
4.2
88.1
0.0
0.0
18.1
9.8
11.2
1.2
10.8
3.3
7.8
2.0
79.9
1.6
0.0
28.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
698.0
13.4
0.0
29.3
0.7
62.0
2005
1,330.2
1.4
13.0
11.2
12.3
0.0
32.3
0.0
3.1
2.8
1.0
7.7
3.7
16.5
0.4
0.2
1.1
29.0
12.5
9.0
25.4
2.4
4.3
90.0
0.0
0.5
21.2
12.2
12.5
1.0
4.4
11.0
14.5
3.2
70.9
2.7
0.0
34.4
0.5
0.3
0.0
751.8
11.4
0.5
31.6
3.1
33.8
2006
1,379.6
0.9
10.3
13.3
20.1
0.0
41.1
0.2
3.0
1.5
0.0
7.6
0.3
16.0
0.2
0.0
3.1
30.7
11.2
13.0
23.8
3.3
3.3
106.1
0.0
0.9
21.8
15.4
12.7
1.3
7.9
4.2
10.0
5.1
76.9
1.5
0.3
21.1
1.6
0.0
0.0
761.1
13.5
1.0
36.8
4.3
40.8
2007
1,472.3
2.0
10.6
16.9
14.1
0.5
51.4
0.0
3.0
0.7
0.3
5.0
2.3
17.8
0.3
0.7
0.6
37.7
9.4
8.9
29.9
1.5
3.4
102.6
0.0
0.0
24.2
14.4
7.1
0.3
5.0
5.5
5.6
8.1
89.6
3.9
0.0
25.9
2.3
0.0
0.0
762.7
14.8
0.9
40.3
2.4
95.7
2008
1,470.9
0.5
19.8
8.4
15.8
0.1
39.7
0.2
2.5
0.7
0.3
7.6
3.9
15.2
0.0
0.0
0.8
27.2
11.3
10.3
31.1
1.4
2.8
117.4
0.2
0.5
17.7
16.6
10.3
0.5
3.4
6.3
7.8
3.9
84.5
2.4
0.2
19.2
1.1
0.6
0.1
830.8
13.4
2.2
42.3
0.9
53.6
2009
1,465.0
0.9
20.2
13.5
24.5
0.0
33.6
0.5
3.1
1.5
0.0
7.1
5.6
20.7
0.5
0.3
0.3
37.7
12.3
12.4
23.8
1.5
2.7
119.9
0.9
0.0
18.7
12.6
10.4
0.5
4.0
9.2
6.9
5.6
81.9
3.0
0.0
13.3
1.9
0.5
0.0
798.6
15.1
2.8
43.7
2.6
57.9
Appendix table 5-30

Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other
Australia
Canada
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Western Samoa
1995
6.9
27.5
10,365.9
3,566.9
6,082.0
2.1
0.0
0.8
2.0
0.0
699.5
0.0
0.0
10.7
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.6
0.3
1996
4.8
34.8
10,404.5
3,579.4
6,087.3
2.8
0.0
1.0
2.0
0.0
724.2
0.0
0.0
6.9
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1997
7.7
37.2
10,224.1
3,663.2
5,838.3
1.5
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
710.1
0.0
0.0
8.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1998
7.4
36.9
10,362.3
3,804.5
5,779.7
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
767.0
0.0
0.0
7.7
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
1999
4.7
36.8
10,197.0
3,831.0
5,583.6
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
767.3
0.0
0.0
9.5
1.8
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.3
2000
5.9
31.6
10,327.5
3,768.1
5,730.7
0.8
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
816.5
0.0
0.0
8.8
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
2001
8.9
32.4
10,276.3
3,861.0
5,616.2
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
778.8
0.0
0.6
15.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2002
7.9
37.4
10,206.7
3,800.7
5,620.1
6.7
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
765.9
0.0
0.3
10.4
0.3
0.5
0.0
1.0
0.2
2003
8.1
31.4
10,372.7
3,798.9
5,782.8
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
772.8
0.0
0.0
13.1
1.0
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.0
2004
8.0
17.4
10,545.4
3,915.2
5,856.4
2.5
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
760.1
0.0
0.9
7.4
0.2
0.5
0.0
1.4
0.0
2005
9.1
20.3
10,934.2
3,945.4
6,153.5
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
820.2
0.0
0.5
7.9
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
2006
13.5
18.9
11,208.1
4,130.5
6,216.5
6.5
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
845.7
0.0
0.4
7.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
2007
12.2
31.7
11,364.6
4,118.2
6,403.6
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
827.8
0.0
1.5
7.9
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
2008
13.8
21.5
11,241.0
4,195.2
6,228.2
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
801.9
0.0
0.0
9.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
2009
9.6
22.5
11,115.1
4,188.2
6,082.0
4.4
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
829.0
0.0
0.0
9.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0

Appendix table 5-31

S&E articles in chemistry, by region/country/economy: 19952009
World
United States
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Albania
Andorra
Croatia
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Macedonia
Monaco
Montenegro
Norway
San Marino
Serbia
Switzerland
Turkey
Vatican City
1995
68,319.0
14,737.9
26,277.3
384.8
599.6
298.9
1.5
552.3
302.0
28.9
284.5
4,242.3
5,944.0
273.0
526.7
93.7
2,266.1
45.4
34.5
2.2
0.8
1,028.9
1,373.9
170.4
270.0
249.8
109.2
2,206.6
757.8
4,229.6
1,663.7
2.8
0.0
0.5
155.0
3.6
3.3
10.7
0.2
NA
248.7
0.0
NA
NA
853.8
291.9
0.0
1996
71,475.0
14,857.9
27,702.7
342.5
687.0
263.7
2.0
695.4
294.0
40.1
353.3
4,140.5
6,253.3
332.9
545.1
119.2
2,424.4
47.0
46.4
0.0
1.3
1,175.2
1,307.9
200.3
276.8
379.6
111.1
2,413.6
792.1
4,457.8
1,863.0
3.2
0.0
1.0
166.7
7.5
4.0
15.3
3.1
NA
246.9
0.0
NA
NA
940.4
367.7
0.0
1997
72,073.0
14,537.0
27,994.8
439.5
753.2
265.7
0.7
636.9
345.9
37.9
339.2
4,252.8
6,333.7
323.3
610.0
133.6
2,286.7
56.4
44.9
1.8
1.8
1,163.4
1,251.4
258.5
346.0
283.1
142.7
2,457.0
802.2
4,426.2
1,936.9
2.3
0.0
1.5
148.0
6.4
5.3
24.6
1.3
NA
224.2
0.0
NA
NA
1,029.0
371.5
0.0
1998
73,538.0
14,424.2
28,670.0
419.8
639.1
237.8
3.3
644.7
369.5
42.0
327.4
4,589.1
6,480.1
322.9
593.2
148.6
2,419.7
51.8
77.2
2.3
2.0
1,107.2
1,430.6
266.5
332.0
415.1
118.3
2,487.9
847.1
4,294.8
1,915.3
1.3
0.0
1.0
138.5
7.8
2.5
14.5
1.5
NA
261.0
0.0
NA
NA
982.7
390.4
0.0
1999
74,803.0
14,236.3
28,268.7
422.3
666.4
224.8
3.8
598.7
355.8
34.8
378.1
4,395.5
6,280.0
327.3
618.0
135.9
2,498.3
58.2
49.7
1.0
0.0
1,101.1
1,464.6
308.2
347.5
233.9
116.7
2,695.2
764.1
4,188.6
2,146.4
1.7
0.0
0.0
165.3
4.8
7.0
28.9
4.8
NA
245.8
0.0
NA
NA
1,110.1
461.7
0.0
2000
75,679.0
14,378.5
27,634.0
413.7
656.2
237.1
4.9
631.5
355.6
33.9
379.0
4,012.8
5,921.1
338.6
585.6
120.9
2,459.2
50.1
73.1
0.0
0.0
1,017.4
1,510.3
338.2
329.3
235.5
133.8
2,750.2
790.7
4,255.3
2,072.9
1.7
0.0
2.0
147.6
7.5
1.0
27.5
1.7
NA
222.8
0.0
NA
NA
1,059.4
496.2
0.0
2001
76,538.0
14,304.4
27,515.8
461.3
648.3
189.0
8.6
584.4
383.1
32.0
382.8
3,961.3
5,546.2
414.8
572.7
142.7
2,663.9
37.6
48.6
0.5
2.0
1,095.5
1,474.5
431.9
335.4
203.9
140.6
2,879.6
855.2
4,019.2
2,094.2
2.2
0.0
0.3
135.6
5.8
3.5
34.0
8.1
NA
206.2
0.0
NA
NA
1,021.2
581.1
0.0
2002
78,072.0
14,469.3
27,405.8
397.4
699.0
211.9
13.0
642.9
334.8
35.4
400.4
3,907.6
5,325.6
435.0
526.2
151.1
2,647.3
50.6
68.9
2.2
2.8
1,016.5
1,610.6
417.7
349.4
189.8
152.1
3,023.5
817.9
3,976.4
2,036.1
5.3
0.0
0.5
140.5
8.2
2.0
19.1
2.5
NA
163.6
0.0
NA
NA
960.7
651.6
0.0
2003
81,409.0
15,294.2
27,439.6
431.5
697.7
200.7
5.3
612.4
366.1
39.1
378.3
3,967.2
5,412.1
430.4
494.9
178.9
2,747.5
45.6
47.5
1.8
1.0
1,034.3
1,673.5
416.1
303.5
179.5
151.9
2,871.6
851.3
3,899.6
2,206.8
1.0
0.0
1.6
146.5
6.5
2.3
24.7
0.8
NA
167.6
0.0
NA
NA
1,050.6
684.8
0.0
2004
87,695.0
15,949.9
28,813.7
493.0
766.7
217.5
15.2
680.9
366.2
48.9
420.0
3,967.9
5,724.9
464.3
500.3
180.6
2,784.1
45.5
66.4
1.8
0.5
1,114.6
1,751.4
509.2
294.0
207.3
143.8
3,150.2
935.8
3,962.4
2,577.7
0.8
0.0
0.8
158.5
6.7
2.0
16.6
3.0
NA
219.0
0.0
NA
NA
1,154.7
860.2
0.0
2005
89,757.0
16,204.4
29,015.3
455.0
790.0
185.5
15.9
675.5
405.8
44.5
388.8
3,981.8
5,743.1
480.7
521.5
199.3
2,907.8
33.1
56.0
3.0
1.8
1,172.3
1,787.8
572.1
313.1
203.0
180.3
3,292.7
863.5
3,741.2
2,618.8
1.2
0.0
1.8
184.5
1.3
1.5
17.4
5.1
NA
249.9
0.0
NA
144.8
1,118.5
892.8
0.0
2006
93,693.0
16,593.8
29,306.4
442.0
701.6
239.3
20.0
825.4
355.1
56.6
400.8
4,066.4
5,717.5
570.4
519.0
206.8
2,770.9
25.4
81.5
4.1
0.3
1,071.1
1,702.7
627.3
324.4
204.3
146.5
3,365.1
920.4
3,941.3
2,679.4
0.7
0.0
1.2
164.0
4.4
3.2
13.0
0.2
1.1
282.4
0.0
67.6
73.2
1,103.9
964.6
0.0
2007
95,693.0
15,780.7
29,595.3
473.3
753.0
213.4
25.3
769.4
355.1
44.2
401.6
4,095.2
5,729.0
533.9
469.6
243.6
2,933.9
43.3
68.6
6.0
1.5
990.8
1,815.1
654.2
361.2
200.2
195.2
3,647.1
842.2
3,729.5
2,805.7
0.0
0.0
2.9
178.7
9.0
1.8
19.4
0.5
1.6
256.7
0.0
209.7
NA
1,029.7
1,095.5
0.0
2008
98,587.0
16,155.6
29,578.9
480.2
731.5
183.2
19.2
792.7
356.8
49.0
385.9
4,289.5
5,984.8
505.1
475.9
275.5
2,863.1
30.7
64.8
9.8
0.0
955.4
1,830.2
728.8
403.4
193.9
195.1
3,320.2
758.9
3,695.3
2,683.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
178.0
8.2
3.2
13.7
0.0
0.0
238.9
0.0
145.0
NA
1,081.6
1,014.7
0.0
2009
102,825.0
16,429.8
30,416.9
518.4
766.7
174.9
37.8
842.0
417.3
54.6
410.8
4,253.9
6,158.4
519.9
432.1
277.9
2,957.4
37.9
64.6
10.6
0.0
1,111.3
1,774.0
754.5
415.8
192.7
199.7
3,468.5
778.9
3,786.2
2,780.9
0.0
0.0
1.0
185.5
8.1
4.3
14.1
2.0
0.8
233.0
0.0
194.1
NA
1,109.1
1,028.9
0.0
Appendix table 5-31

Yugoslavia
Other former USSR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Laos
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
1995
93.2
5,565.2
23.7
46.2
164.4
16.6
69.5
2.0
46.7
4,421.1
6.0
0.3
585.0
183.7
14,119.6
0.0
24.3
0.0
2.0
6.5
0.0
2,013.7
2,472.3
7.7
7,598.1
0.0
101.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
67.6
2.0
129.8
892.7
11.2
760.4
19.4
10.3
1,231.8
28.4
9.0
453.9
75.0
14.3
363.1
27.3
1996
107.3
5,648.8
24.4
50.3
131.5
28.8
61.2
2.7
44.3
4,609.2
7.8
1.8
568.7
118.0
15,056.4
0.0
25.3
0.0
2.6
0.8
0.0
2,350.8
2,574.4
5.1
7,805.6
0.0
102.1
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
48.3
2.2
151.7
1,096.0
7.3
836.6
27.5
19.1
1,299.1
35.2
6.5
461.4
106.7
10.1
408.6
29.5
1997
122.8
5,266.1
35.2
34.0
151.1
23.8
43.7
2.5
24.3
4,277.0
10.0
3.3
519.3
141.8
16,041.6
0.0
20.2
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.0
2,749.6
2,549.3
14.2
8,148.1
0.4
108.5
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
38.2
1.0
158.9
1,314.1
3.9
892.2
33.7
6.6
1,326.0
42.0
2.5
418.6
122.8
6.3
425.5
34.7
1998
114.1
4,982.0
28.3
28.8
137.3
19.8
50.3
1.8
22.3
4,055.1
6.8
0.0
511.1
120.2
17,067.0
0.0
15.9
0.0
4.1
0.5
0.0
3,102.5
2,625.4
7.9
8,511.6
0.0
117.8
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
40.2
3.9
224.2
1,456.9
8.8
896.7
42.6
7.4
1,421.6
28.6
4.5
418.7
213.2
6.0
430.5
22.2
1999
116.1
4,863.3
31.2
16.9
153.0
28.3
40.5
2.5
24.1
3,929.6
7.0
0.0
510.4
119.9
18,733.0
0.0
26.2
0.0
2.5
1.0
0.0
4,111.0
2,661.8
13.6
8,599.8
0.0
145.7
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.8
53.1
4.5
272.6
1,666.8
5.5
1,109.7
49.3
7.7
1,483.9
43.5
3.0
387.8
288.5
4.8
421.7
38.7
2000
105.5
5,252.4
41.0
29.8
150.3
30.4
48.3
2.5
40.5
4,328.5
4.0
0.0
479.3
97.8
19,423.9
0.0
14.1
0.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
4,771.1
2,514.8
12.4
8,768.0
0.0
128.3
0.0
1.5
0.5
0.0
50.9
4.3
273.6
1,752.1
9.3
1,029.6
84.3
7.6
1,662.0
47.0
3.0
474.0
329.1
5.5
459.9
20.4
2001
96.2
5,055.7
26.7
24.8
143.5
22.1
41.0
1.3
27.6
4,246.2
5.8
0.0
431.6
85.1
20,533.4
0.0
30.7
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
5,571.2
2,729.8
18.3
8,448.3
0.0
149.8
0.0
3.5
0.5
0.0
49.5
2.0
296.2
1,943.1
8.9
1,162.3
103.9
13.8
1,710.7
32.1
0.5
426.1
427.8
9.5
500.4
22.4
2002
81.9
5,050.3
23.7
27.2
140.8
21.9
50.6
2.0
22.9
4,190.0
6.3
0.5
492.9
71.4
21,761.7
0.0
22.8
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
6,250.5
3,113.0
11.1
8,392.7
0.0
106.9
0.0
2.7
0.5
0.0
78.8
5.4
333.2
2,135.8
6.8
1,164.6
129.0
6.7
1,974.7
47.6
4.1
513.5
518.2
8.5
494.4
34.2
2003
120.2
4,958.4
35.5
34.4
139.0
13.5
51.7
1.0
21.6
4,161.9
5.0
0.0
433.1
61.8
23,595.3
0.0
27.7
0.0
1.3
0.9
0.0
7,395.1
3,298.3
15.7
8,579.6
0.0
88.1
0.0
0.7
0.5
1.0
75.8
7.6
391.3
2,280.9
6.8
1,253.3
160.0
10.9
2,163.7
48.0
5.5
542.0
712.8
4.5
490.5
30.7
2004
155.3
5,157.3
41.1
45.0
149.8
19.4
40.4
0.5
26.2
4,255.6
5.0
0.0
495.1
79.1
26,734.4
0.0
29.3
0.0
3.0
0.8
0.0
9,319.4
3,759.7
16.6
8,800.2
0.0
110.3
0.0
2.0
1.7
0.0
92.5
3.1
505.2
2,474.6
10.5
1,423.0
170.6
11.7
2,309.8
66.1
2.0
518.2
837.3
8.1
486.5
32.8
2005
NA
4,931.7
52.2
51.7
119.2
21.2
47.6
3.6
26.7
4,049.5
3.9
0.5
498.0
57.5
27,924.5
0.0
28.9
0.0
1.0
2.4
0.3
10,494.3
3,910.5
23.7
8,675.3
0.0
92.7
0.0
2.3
2.9
0.0
111.7
7.4
474.2
2,394.6
14.7
1,469.7
202.4
15.4
2,459.5
52.2
0.3
507.9
993.4
11.1
508.7
38.0
2006
NA
4,787.6
44.3
49.2
145.5
37.1
40.2
2.0
33.8
3,919.6
6.5
0.0
465.0
44.5
30,892.1
0.0
32.0
0.0
1.3
0.3
0.0
12,510.1
4,593.4
15.6
8,344.3
0.0
109.6
0.0
0.5
1.5
1.3
119.5
5.6
521.2
2,641.4
12.3
1,719.7
249.3
13.1
2,706.2
79.6
2.0
559.1
1,120.4
8.0
520.7
58.0
2007
NA
5,130.5
46.9
37.8
106.4
25.7
36.3
1.3
21.9
4,330.6
6.5
0.0
473.9
43.2
32,707.7
0.0
29.8
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
13,924.5
4,804.9
19.9
8,494.4
0.5
128.1
0.0
1.0
1.3
0.0
124.4
5.5
512.8
2,799.1
7.7
1,588.2
252.2
12.5
2,989.9
84.1
1.0
622.5
1,320.8
13.2
498.3
58.6
2008
NA
5,102.8
47.2
39.9
106.0
19.7
30.3
1.3
21.8
4,300.6
5.5
0.0
498.4
32.1
34,914.2
0.0
27.1
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.7
15,722.1
4,704.6
19.2
8,249.0
0.2
139.8
0.0
2.2
0.5
1.3
135.7
11.5
623.2
3,247.7
6.0
1,718.9
287.9
16.0
3,148.7
90.8
1.5
598.0
1,475.9
11.9
551.1
68.3
2009
NA
4,937.3
35.0
66.9
100.0
17.3
39.2
3.0
28.8
4,173.4
4.5
0.0
440.0
29.2
37,616.2
0.0
33.5
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
17,762.7
4,946.0
23.5
8,253.7
0.3
190.1
0.0
2.6
2.2
0.8
171.6
8.2
742.7
3,327.9
7.6
1,813.3
304.5
24.2
3,281.1
93.6
2.0
579.2
1,649.6
10.7
520.4
61.7
Appendix table 5-31

Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
1995
29.2
4.0
7.0
75.2
4.3
4.2
79.6
3.8
43.8
9.5
0.0
1,162.6
0.0
257.8
0.0
2.0
0.0
2.3
377.9
146.6
11.2
1.8
24.7
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
11.5
226.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
6.1
88.4
0.0
1996
31.0
3.0
1.3
71.4
1.8
2.8
68.2
6.0
39.5
15.4
0.5
1,318.2
0.0
327.6
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.3
440.2
149.5
16.7
4.9
37.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.2
229.3
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.8
8.9
90.6
0.0
1997
33.2
2.5
2.3
80.2
2.9
8.3
66.9
8.4
54.7
9.5
4.5
1,471.1
0.0
319.4
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.5
541.9
161.7
17.7
8.8
30.1
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.5
256.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
15.1
101.9
0.0
1998
31.0
1.8
2.0
118.9
5.1
6.3
62.7
5.6
58.4
6.0
0.0
1,558.3
0.0
343.2
0.0
4.9
0.0
0.5
581.3
155.9
26.6
7.6
43.3
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.3
270.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
3.2
20.3
90.2
0.0
1999
31.3
4.8
3.0
104.7
3.7
4.3
63.0
6.5
65.4
7.8
1.3
1,730.1
0.0
372.8
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.3
692.7
157.6
22.6
7.7
54.3
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.7
294.4
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.2
20.0
91.7
0.0
2000
22.9
9.5
0.5
121.3
6.5
4.0
74.6
5.9
65.3
10.8
1.9
1,909.4
0.0
361.7
0.0
3.0
0.0
1.0
860.2
184.6
26.6
12.8
51.0
0.0
0.7
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.0
280.3
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.4
15.3
98.4
1.0
2001
26.4
7.9
2.6
107.1
4.6
1.7
72.2
4.8
51.4
9.6
3.5
2,098.9
0.0
383.8
0.0
2.5
0.0
1.2
983.9
187.6
27.5
10.0
45.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
10.2
332.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.6
13.8
90.0
0.0
2002
28.5
8.7
4.0
116.4
8.6
3.2
90.4
9.1
69.1
15.8
0.3
2,234.8
0.0
397.6
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.6
1,102.3
192.4
36.9
7.8
33.8
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
13.0
324.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.8
9.7
104.5
0.0
2003
18.5
7.7
2.6
91.4
9.5
3.0
90.3
11.8
81.9
10.7
2.3
2,264.8
0.0
393.2
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.7
1,082.7
224.9
25.5
1.5
35.0
0.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
8.8
349.3
0.0
0.3
0.3
7.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.2
13.7
110.8
0.0
2004
26.5
10.2
4.3
83.0
9.5
13.5
93.1
12.8
86.8
11.4
7.7
2,491.7
0.0
364.8
0.0
2.8
0.0
1.6
1,257.8
192.2
41.5
4.3
39.4
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
7.5
451.7
0.0
2.6
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.4
18.8
100.5
0.0
2005
34.3
13.4
5.6
66.5
7.7
9.5
94.0
10.8
85.7
20.1
0.3
2,804.4
0.0
436.1
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.3
1,415.6
208.6
46.9
3.3
51.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
9.2
488.8
0.0
0.8
0.0
7.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
5.0
16.2
104.8
0.0
2006
42.8
16.0
5.2
61.6
15.0
4.2
80.8
9.5
102.4
17.5
3.5
2,678.6
0.0
406.4
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.5
1,483.0
191.3
47.7
1.4
46.6
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
4.4
391.5
0.0
1.4
0.1
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
17.3
80.1
0.0
2007
41.7
10.2
7.7
75.2
7.1
5.8
103.2
6.8
101.9
27.4
4.5
2,688.7
0.0
392.6
1.0
1.3
0.0
1.4
1,398.2
187.7
48.2
4.1
41.8
0.0
0.3
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
7.6
485.3
0.0
0.7
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
27.6
82.5
0.0
2008
32.9
21.3
9.2
64.6
15.1
7.6
85.1
8.7
89.8
14.7
2.0
2,969.4
0.0
490.1
0.0
2.0
0.0
3.1
1,560.8
191.8
86.0
5.5
38.1
0.0
0.1
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.8
0.0
3.3
455.7
0.3
0.9
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
27.0
94.0
1.0
2009
24.7
18.7
2.7
60.9
9.3
7.0
112.4
6.2
94.8
22.7
4.5
2,973.0
0.0
474.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
1,549.9
213.9
85.4
1.6
28.2
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
10.0
491.3
0.0
0.9
0.5
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
27.9
77.7
0.0
Appendix table 5-31

Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cte dIvoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
1995
304.0
0.0
1.0
1.5
1.0
0.0
4.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
2.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.8
0.3
0.0
1.7
0.7
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
39.9
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.5
0.0
230.2
0.3
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
1996
285.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.8
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.2
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
52.6
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.5
0.0
209.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1997
279.0
0.0
0.0
7.5
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
26.9
0.0
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
222.4
1.3
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
1998
261.8
0.0
0.0
4.0
0.5
0.0
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.8
0.0
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
19.2
0.0
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
204.2
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1999
263.0
0.0
0.0
5.3
0.8
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
4.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.8
0.0
1.9
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
17.8
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
209.1
1.2
0.5
1.7
0.2
0.0
2000
259.9
0.5
0.0
11.0
0.5
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
22.3
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
194.4
2.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
2001
265.4
0.3
0.0
9.3
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.5
0.0
0.0
4.5
0.0
0.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
3.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
11.7
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
212.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2002
279.2
0.8
0.0
8.4
1.5
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.0
3.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
2.3
1.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.8
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.7
0.5
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
227.3
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.2
2003
304.4
0.0
0.5
11.0
0.0
0.0
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
4.6
0.0
0.0
3.7
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.6
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
22.4
0.0
0.0
6.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
235.2
1.3
0.3
1.3
0.0
0.0
2004
345.8
0.3
4.2
18.2
4.6
0.0
3.7
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
5.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.5
0.0
2.2
0.3
0.0
6.6
1.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
1.0
1.5
3.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
23.4
0.0
0.0
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
254.3
1.0
0.0
1.0
1.2
0.0
2005
298.9
0.0
0.3
8.0
0.0
0.0
5.8
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.5
5.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.5
30.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
222.9
0.8
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.8
2006
331.8
0.0
0.0
11.2
0.5
0.3
7.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.7
0.4
0.0
5.2
0.3
0.0
1.8
1.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.5
0.8
4.0
0.0
0.8
0.3
19.5
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
257.7
1.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
2007
338.3
0.5
1.3
7.8
2.8
0.7
6.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
5.7
3.5
0.0
2.0
28.5
0.0
0.0
6.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
256.0
0.3
0.0
1.3
1.0
0.7
2008
323.9
0.0
0.0
10.2
0.3
0.5
11.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
4.7
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
4.2
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.3
0.8
1.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
23.8
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
253.3
1.0
0.7
0.0
0.3
1.0
2009
338.2
0.3
0.0
6.2
2.2
1.0
10.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
4.8
0.5
0.0
1.2
2.7
0.5
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.0
3.7
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.2
0.3
1.0
3.8
0.5
0.0
0.0
26.9
0.0
0.0
3.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
255.7
4.9
0.3
2.2
0.0
0.8
Appendix table 5-31

Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other
Australia
Canada
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Western Samoa
1995
2.5
2.1
3,257.1
1,006.6
2,069.1
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
179.4
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1996
0.5
0.3
3,443.4
1,133.5
2,131.8
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
177.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1997
0.0
2.8
3,220.5
1,112.3
1,906.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
201.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1998
1.0
3.1
3,237.7
1,103.6
1,914.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
218.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1999
0.0
2.8
3,078.2
1,093.6
1,792.8
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
189.2
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2000
0.5
1.7
3,085.9
1,069.0
1,828.8
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
186.8
0.0
0.5
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2001
0.3
3.3
2,959.5
1,013.9
1,789.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
155.3
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2002
0.0
0.5
2,860.0
945.0
1,754.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
159.9
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2003
0.0
1.5
3,181.8
1,107.8
1,911.7
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
160.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2004
1.0
0.0
3,314.7
1,121.3
2,042.6
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
148.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2005
0.0
0.0
3,499.6
1,141.8
2,178.4
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
173.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2006
1.0
2.7
3,717.1
1,209.2
2,342.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
163.4
0.0
0.3
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2007
0.0
1.5
3,656.2
1,184.8
2,277.6
2.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
190.8
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2008
0.0
0.0
3,710.4
1,230.4
2,310.4
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
166.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

2009
0.0
0.0
4,051.7
1,409.3
2,444.3
5.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
190.6
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Appendix table 5-32

S&E articles in computer sciences, by region/country/economy: 19952009
World
United States
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Albania
Andorra
Croatia
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Macedonia
Monaco
Montenegro
Norway
San Marino
Serbia
Switzerland
Turkey
Vatican City
1995
3,967.0
1,947.8
1,033.4
29.0
41.8
8.0
1.5
10.0
21.4
0.3
16.4
167.0
181.7
17.6
15.5
3.5
145.3
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.5
56.9
20.7
5.0
3.8
4.0
1.5
59.0
29.0
191.7
60.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
22.3
0.0
NA
NA
22.1
7.3
0.0
1996
4,292.0
1,963.6
1,171.1
20.7
28.7
8.3
1.5
18.7
26.5
0.0
30.3
185.6
176.5
25.9
25.7
11.1
168.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
71.6
22.5
9.2
5.5
8.8
8.8
63.0
49.8
202.6
82.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
31.0
0.0
NA
NA
25.6
12.2
0.5
1997
4,399.0
1,924.2
1,176.2
27.9
52.6
1.8
1.3
10.5
22.4
1.0
25.1
183.1
208.1
28.5
17.1
3.2
149.9
0.5
1.5
0.0
0.0
78.5
17.0
8.7
5.2
6.0
4.0
72.9
43.1
206.3
85.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
24.6
0.0
NA
NA
33.8
13.3
0.0
1998
4,801.0
1,948.9
1,376.4
31.1
43.6
7.0
1.5
10.9
23.5
0.0
31.6
204.4
234.8
29.7
32.4
12.0
184.6
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.0
68.9
32.2
14.2
6.9
5.2
8.3
80.1
60.1
252.6
92.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
14.7
0.0
NA
NA
44.5
20.5
0.0
1999
5,039.0
2,039.7
1,498.3
27.2
46.6
4.7
0.5
14.5
32.2
0.0
31.7
209.6
239.6
46.9
33.6
10.3
226.6
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
76.5
24.1
12.5
3.5
13.3
9.2
99.5
60.2
273.1
92.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.5
0.5
1.0
0.0
NA
22.3
0.0
NA
NA
41.2
18.8
0.0
2000
5,422.0
2,070.7
1,538.4
26.0
32.8
3.8
1.0
20.8
23.9
0.0
38.5
241.3
259.3
48.0
22.9
9.2
223.4
3.3
3.0
0.5
0.0
91.7
25.5
14.8
7.5
6.8
6.5
121.4
34.1
272.1
115.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
22.8
0.0
NA
NA
44.3
30.2
0.0
2001
5,625.0
2,027.8
1,767.6
41.9
48.1
5.1
2.5
23.1
34.5
1.8
42.2
250.4
269.4
49.2
26.5
11.8
235.8
3.3
1.0
0.0
0.0
98.4
35.0
18.7
10.2
10.2
10.2
171.8
55.4
311.0
131.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
1.8
0.0
1.5
0.0
NA
28.2
0.0
NA
NA
55.9
28.2
0.0
2002
5,527.0
2,012.2
1,748.5
38.0
50.2
3.3
2.9
21.1
25.6
2.0
42.9
275.3
249.9
72.8
32.8
13.8
220.5
0.3
1.5
0.0
0.0
87.1
36.7
18.4
9.0
3.7
8.0
162.9
65.1
304.6
95.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
20.7
0.0
NA
NA
38.9
28.1
0.0
2003
6,139.0
2,173.1
1,996.9
54.7
70.6
6.3
1.5
30.6
34.0
2.5
42.0
322.2
286.6
73.1
30.0
13.7
249.0
0.7
2.2
0.0
0.0
120.3
31.4
34.2
7.7
7.7
14.0
172.4
65.5
324.0
133.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.9
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
27.3
0.0
NA
NA
65.4
29.3
0.0
2004
6,220.0
2,248.8
1,856.8
41.9
52.0
5.8
1.7
29.7
31.2
0.5
36.2
282.5
256.7
74.7
16.1
28.3
233.5
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
94.4
41.2
26.6
10.4
11.3
10.3
192.7
55.3
321.2
158.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.3
1.1
0.0
1.0
0.0
NA
34.6
0.0
NA
NA
61.8
43.0
0.0
2005
6,521.0
2,332.1
1,945.6
32.9
61.2
4.5
3.0
33.1
29.1
0.3
48.5
289.7
283.3
73.0
28.4
40.4
235.2
1.0
2.5
0.7
0.0
114.3
33.5
27.8
8.2
12.8
15.5
198.9
46.1
321.5
173.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
1.3
0.0
1.0
0.0
NA
39.9
0.0
NA
10.5
75.6
42.6
0.0
2006
7,307.0
2,533.8
2,288.6
46.9
71.6
1.0
6.5
33.2
37.9
3.2
58.9
346.4
304.6
95.8
21.6
43.2
262.8
2.2
4.7
1.3
0.5
130.1
49.2
32.0
10.4
6.5
11.3
215.9
64.6
426.4
198.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
37.6
0.0
1.8
6.0
90.8
60.5
0.0
2007
7,573.0
2,398.1
2,250.5
54.1
84.1
1.6
5.9
39.5
39.7
2.0
60.1
301.3
296.3
102.4
26.2
47.8
285.8
1.0
1.7
0.3
0.5
119.2
31.7
26.9
11.2
8.7
17.6
235.0
54.5
395.5
239.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
34.0
0.0
10.5
NA
93.3
98.2
0.0
2008
8,088.0
2,282.9
2,501.4
53.0
81.4
8.0
4.3
43.8
39.2
3.2
54.6
383.5
292.6
113.5
32.5
34.5
314.0
3.7
5.0
2.1
0.6
127.0
46.8
37.1
19.2
11.9
14.4
279.0
58.4
438.2
260.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
42.6
0.0
14.1
NA
113.2
87.7
0.0
2009
7,821.0
2,188.3
2,407.6
57.3
77.5
1.0
5.6
50.2
26.1
3.0
52.4
357.4
298.2
105.3
19.1
27.7
299.4
5.3
3.5
2.0
1.0
130.1
49.6
30.8
24.3
12.6
14.8
325.9
62.8
364.7
253.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.9
2.6
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
49.1
0.0
17.7
NA
91.6
84.7
0.0
Appendix table 5-32

Yugoslavia
Other former USSR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Laos
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
1995
7.2
13.4
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.4
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
508.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
73.7
75.9
0.0
152.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
29.3
53.5
0.0
119.8
1.5
0.8
125.6
0.0
2.1
22.7
1.5
0.0
82.3
0.0
1996
12.0
26.4
2.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
18.4
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
620.8
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
103.6
90.6
1.0
164.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
41.3
66.7
0.0
146.0
2.1
1.3
115.3
2.5
0.5
14.0
5.5
0.0
80.7
1.5
1997
10.1
51.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
47.7
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
662.3
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
123.6
92.0
1.0
164.8
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.8
80.1
0.0
162.7
1.3
1.5
160.4
1.0
1.0
16.5
5.3
0.0
113.8
0.0
1998
11.5
34.7
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
25.3
0.0
0.0
5.5
0.0
845.7
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
193.8
92.1
0.5
215.8
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
1.5
45.5
108.6
0.5
180.5
1.3
1.8
173.1
2.0
0.0
18.3
2.0
0.0
127.5
3.0
1999
7.1
87.1
0.0
0.0
3.7
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
29.3
0.0
0.0
53.1
0.0
834.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
210.2
87.6
0.5
187.8
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.3
57.0
90.7
0.0
193.1
3.3
0.5
151.7
0.5
0.0
11.5
2.5
0.0
115.4
1.3
2000
16.5
123.6
1.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
27.1
0.0
0.0
92.0
1.0
989.4
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
252.6
96.9
0.0
239.1
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.8
54.0
115.4
0.0
223.4
3.9
0.0
176.5
2.5
0.0
17.3
6.8
0.0
124.8
4.5
2001
11.8
33.2
0.0
0.5
3.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
23.7
0.0
0.0
4.7
0.0
1,061.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
302.6
93.2
0.0
201.7
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
64.7
162.2
0.0
223.0
5.7
3.5
178.9
2.8
0.3
15.7
6.8
0.0
128.2
5.7
2002
5.3
28.1
0.0
0.0
2.7
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.2
0.0
0.0
4.2
0.0
1,036.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
357.2
82.0
0.3
209.2
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
76.5
117.7
0.0
179.2
6.0
2.5
177.0
3.3
0.0
10.6
8.3
0.0
125.5
2.5
2003
6.8
28.0
1.0
0.0
3.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.7
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
1,124.7
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
384.5
86.4
0.5
204.6
0.0
5.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.6
80.7
153.7
0.0
199.9
4.3
2.0
166.9
3.0
0.0
7.7
11.7
0.0
121.1
2.0
2004
12.8
26.9
3.0
0.0
0.3
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.2
20.5
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.5
1,265.0
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
485.9
101.8
0.0
192.8
0.0
5.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
84.5
157.4
0.8
228.1
3.5
2.0
190.8
3.5
0.0
9.4
6.4
0.0
144.4
3.3
2005
NA
33.2
0.5
0.0
2.0
5.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
22.3
0.0
0.3
2.5
0.0
1,325.6
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
494.9
82.8
0.0
208.0
0.0
9.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.4
0.3
113.4
176.0
0.0
229.0
7.5
0.3
196.9
5.2
0.0
8.5
18.7
0.0
146.0
1.5
2006
NA
22.7
0.0
0.0
1.8
4.5
0.0
0.0
0.8
14.8
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
1,412.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
554.4
112.4
1.3
194.9
0.0
7.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.5
120.0
185.9
0.0
215.7
16.8
0.7
247.5
4.0
0.5
12.6
22.3
1.0
174.0
4.1
2007
NA
19.1
1.0
0.8
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.9
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.5
1,768.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
764.2
125.6
0.0
186.1
0.0
10.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
8.5
2.5
99.1
206.2
2.3
338.3
18.3
6.2
269.7
4.5
0.0
17.2
47.9
0.0
170.3
6.8
2008
NA
29.6
1.0
0.0
0.5
1.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
23.3
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
2,019.3
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
961.4
146.9
0.7
163.6
0.0
10.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
11.8
0.2
113.2
234.7
1.3
359.4
12.5
1.7
345.4
6.2
1.0
23.9
73.6
0.0
201.2
8.3
2009
NA
22.3
0.0
1.3
1.2
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.6
17.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
1,916.2
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
941.8
123.1
0.3
173.1
0.0
7.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.7
0.0
90.3
253.0
0.3
300.0
12.5
1.6
327.8
3.5
0.0
24.6
78.3
0.5
185.8
5.8
Appendix table 5-32

Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
1995
3.7
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
8.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
22.5
0.0
2.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.8
4.3
2.2
0.5
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1996
3.5
1.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
4.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
31.2
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.4
7.0
2.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
5.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
1997
3.5
2.5
0.0
1.0
2.5
0.0
6.3
0.0
5.0
2.0
0.0
37.4
0.0
5.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.7
8.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
1998
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
9.3
0.0
4.0
2.5
0.0
32.8
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.2
7.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.8
0.0
1999
7.0
0.0
0.5
2.3
1.5
0.5
4.5
0.0
2.2
1.0
1.0
36.7
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
19.2
3.2
2.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
2.0
0.0
2000
2.7
3.0
0.5
0.0
2.5
0.0
8.2
0.5
2.2
1.0
0.0
56.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
27.8
7.0
0.8
0.3
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
14.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.2
0.0
2001
2.5
1.5
0.0
3.5
1.3
0.0
7.3
0.0
1.7
1.5
0.0
70.7
0.0
7.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
30.5
12.2
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
4.2
0.0
2002
2.3
1.7
0.0
1.8
1.5
0.0
8.8
0.0
7.0
3.5
0.0
70.0
0.0
11.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
34.4
6.3
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
3.0
0.0
2003
2.5
2.3
0.0
1.0
1.5
0.0
4.5
0.0
4.8
4.8
0.0
88.6
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
42.7
12.1
2.8
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
3.2
0.0
2004
2.0
2.5
0.0
1.2
0.5
1.2
4.3
0.0
7.2
4.7
0.3
74.7
0.0
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
36.8
11.6
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
17.8
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
1.8
0.0
2005
3.5
2.8
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
1.8
4.3
0.0
83.3
0.0
11.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
45.6
11.3
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
1.1
0.0
2006
2.5
4.2
0.0
1.5
0.4
1.8
8.2
0.0
2.7
7.8
0.0
91.2
0.0
8.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
53.5
5.7
1.5
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.2
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.3
0.0
2007
4.5
3.1
0.0
0.8
0.7
1.5
3.9
0.0
3.5
5.0
0.0
120.4
0.0
6.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
64.7
13.1
2.0
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
24.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.3
3.2
0.0
2008
1.5
5.3
0.0
3.3
1.3
2.1
6.7
0.0
4.0
6.9
0.0
111.2
0.0
10.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
51.6
18.9
6.1
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.8
3.5
0.0
2009
3.5
5.5
1.3
3.6
2.0
1.5
4.8
0.0
3.9
3.1
0.0
127.0
0.0
11.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
65.4
15.1
1.9
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
28.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.6
0.0
Appendix table 5-32

Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cte dIvoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
1995
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1996
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1997
8.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1998
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1999
6.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2000
11.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2001
15.3
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
2002
13.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2003
16.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.8
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2004
14.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2005
14.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2006
19.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
18.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2007
12.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2008
19.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2009
12.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.2
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.6
Appendix table 5-32

Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other
Australia
Canada
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Western Samoa
1995
0.0
0.0
250.8
47.1
194.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
8.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1996
0.0
0.0
275.2
80.1
184.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1997
0.0
0.0
292.8
88.1
196.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1998
0.0
0.0
293.2
85.4
192.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1999
0.0
0.0
291.7
100.3
177.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2000
0.0
0.0
340.4
104.5
228.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2001
0.0
0.0
339.2
105.9
214.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
18.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2002
0.0
0.0
345.8
98.0
228.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
19.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2003
0.0
0.0
410.2
109.8
277.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
23.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2004
0.0
0.0
383.8
102.2
265.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2005
0.0
0.5
416.1
105.5
295.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2006
0.0
0.0
492.0
130.7
341.2
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
19.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2007
0.0
0.0
495.2
124.0
351.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2008
0.0
0.0
517.5
138.4
358.9
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
19.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

2009
0.0
0.0
566.4
153.0
398.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
15.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Appendix table 5-33

S&E articles in engineering, by region/country/economy: 19952009
World
United States
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Albania
Andorra
Croatia
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Macedonia
Monaco
Montenegro
Norway
San Marino
Serbia
Switzerland
Turkey
Vatican City
1995
42,103.0
12,645.4
12,698.0
189.9
266.2
102.9
7.0
161.8
145.8
9.5
246.9
1,774.7
2,700.2
243.1
82.4
73.6
1,140.8
10.5
15.8
3.0
0.0
622.6
371.4
123.9
94.5
69.7
53.3
608.8
480.0
3,099.4
818.9
1.3
0.0
0.0
34.0
2.3
6.3
7.7
0.0
NA
139.8
0.0
NA
NA
340.1
209.8
0.0
1996
41,896.0
11,791.6
12,551.7
220.7
314.8
109.4
2.8
122.2
150.0
8.5
241.0
1,831.5
2,503.8
265.7
80.2
67.9
1,173.5
12.2
20.6
0.0
0.8
604.4
317.2
164.4
92.1
49.2
65.0
668.8
511.3
2,953.7
912.1
0.0
0.0
0.8
22.5
2.0
2.3
5.3
0.0
NA
166.5
0.0
NA
NA
346.9
271.1
0.0
1997
43,609.0
11,724.4
13,612.8
219.9
312.9
109.4
6.3
182.4
200.8
7.2
249.0
2,066.8
2,912.3
243.0
94.2
68.0
1,218.6
12.3
15.4
2.1
1.5
623.6
359.1
164.8
124.4
79.8
79.5
759.6
577.6
2,922.2
968.5
0.3
0.0
0.5
23.0
3.3
4.3
8.3
0.0
NA
144.6
0.0
NA
NA
387.2
280.7
0.0
1998
45,829.0
12,248.1
14,299.4
203.1
355.0
125.3
6.0
146.1
204.1
11.1
293.0
2,019.5
2,865.7
327.3
100.7
107.7
1,352.5
17.7
22.1
1.8
2.0
709.7
386.0
223.8
95.7
53.0
77.5
846.2
570.0
3,176.7
1,047.8
2.8
0.0
3.0
27.3
4.7
0.3
4.1
0.6
NA
145.5
0.0
NA
NA
434.7
314.8
0.0
1999
48,907.0
11,772.5
15,547.2
218.6
360.5
118.0
6.3
158.4
237.7
33.7
326.1
2,222.4
3,208.3
315.0
128.5
102.6
1,441.7
25.7
42.5
2.0
3.0
683.5
408.3
228.3
112.9
63.3
110.3
909.4
683.5
3,396.7
1,117.1
1.7
0.0
1.8
26.2
3.8
5.0
4.0
0.0
NA
154.7
0.0
NA
NA
473.5
357.0
0.0
2000
53,846.0
12,951.2
17,064.3
247.7
401.9
123.0
7.3
174.5
220.2
40.7
343.2
2,390.8
3,334.9
344.0
139.9
113.8
1,737.4
14.8
30.1
1.0
1.0
821.6
499.2
321.3
149.2
65.6
118.1
948.6
811.4
3,663.1
1,273.3
1.8
0.0
0.0
51.3
3.5
8.7
8.3
0.0
NA
188.9
0.0
NA
NA
486.0
398.1
0.0
2001
54,161.0
12,388.8
17,129.8
275.5
420.3
85.3
14.3
206.5
260.6
38.1
364.5
2,406.9
3,413.5
324.7
118.6
107.4
1,807.0
17.7
30.8
3.9
1.7
775.3
597.4
279.0
119.6
77.5
141.8
1,126.5
733.3
3,381.9
1,257.7
0.5
0.3
3.0
31.1
4.7
1.8
4.0
0.3
NA
185.0
0.0
NA
NA
475.7
469.2
0.0
2002
55,170.0
12,056.7
17,228.7
276.2
486.3
107.3
6.1
196.5
225.0
39.3
386.7
2,576.9
3,155.9
427.9
136.0
115.5
1,746.0
27.0
47.3
2.4
2.0
772.0
612.6
422.8
133.4
69.7
142.6
1,305.2
784.7
3,025.3
1,489.3
2.0
0.0
0.5
34.0
5.2
3.3
6.0
0.0
NA
193.9
0.0
NA
NA
515.6
648.9
0.0
2003
58,445.0
12,888.4
16,994.7
291.7
430.4
138.4
6.7
234.3
222.7
37.9
369.8
2,450.6
3,190.1
404.8
152.8
140.7
1,853.5
14.7
36.1
3.5
2.5
733.5
584.7
317.4
102.9
57.0
129.4
1,181.5
685.5
3,221.4
1,555.8
1.0
0.0
1.0
42.1
4.3
3.7
7.0
0.0
NA
173.7
0.0
NA
NA
510.8
700.8
0.5
2004
63,045.0
13,307.2
18,508.7
315.3
505.4
102.5
12.3
271.1
284.2
40.9
399.9
2,622.6
3,152.0
498.5
155.5
162.0
2,069.4
19.2
44.9
2.7
0.5
799.6
710.1
590.1
153.8
101.1
155.3
1,317.0
798.2
3,224.5
2,094.9
0.3
0.0
2.0
53.2
2.7
5.3
5.8
0.3
NA
187.4
0.0
NA
NA
609.7
1,060.8
0.0
2005
68,102.0
14,064.5
19,250.9
330.0
549.8
110.7
8.9
289.5
294.7
54.1
415.7
2,712.9
3,332.5
438.7
221.6
212.8
2,042.6
18.7
47.5
5.9
3.1
864.0
627.2
470.9
122.2
100.1
136.1
1,575.7
847.8
3,416.9
1,931.2
0.0
0.0
2.9
53.5
5.8
3.3
1.8
0.0
NA
226.7
0.0
NA
151.9
590.7
894.6
0.0
2006
71,598.0
14,036.7
20,135.7
323.8
520.8
86.9
13.1
257.6
302.3
43.5
465.8
2,948.0
3,379.7
531.0
155.9
189.5
2,230.0
12.3
64.2
4.7
2.7
813.3
716.7
740.9
140.6
79.5
160.0
1,738.5
848.9
3,365.3
2,166.3
0.3
0.0
0.8
51.3
6.4
5.2
7.6
0.0
2.0
249.3
0.0
105.8
59.8
697.7
980.1
0.0
2007
72,024.0
14,561.5
20,026.7
373.7
602.5
93.1
22.3
256.7
286.0
53.0
413.8
2,839.8
3,284.4
653.2
139.5
244.4
2,255.3
23.2
49.2
4.6
3.2
902.5
658.6
457.1
147.0
76.8
182.4
1,866.7
804.8
3,333.0
2,084.0
2.3
0.0
5.2
48.8
7.6
7.5
8.2
0.3
3.2
266.0
0.0
147.7
NA
671.4
915.8
0.0
2008
76,578.0
14,612.4
20,653.1
390.2
613.5
80.3
29.1
296.8
338.4
47.5
407.7
3,169.4
3,221.2
645.1
126.0
221.1
2,335.7
23.7
55.5
12.2
5.8
904.0
745.8
503.8
174.7
78.9
179.0
2,058.3
805.5
3,183.8
2,478.1
0.0
0.0
4.0
59.9
8.8
3.3
3.0
0.0
8.5
285.6
0.3
150.6
NA
726.1
1,227.9
0.0
2009
79,994.0
14,609.1
21,105.5
388.2
592.9
90.6
25.7
344.4
311.7
60.9
432.1
3,255.6
3,294.6
641.8
155.3
253.7
2,447.9
32.8
46.2
9.8
5.9
924.3
706.2
540.9
181.6
77.7
170.3
2,068.9
773.8
3,271.7
2,616.5
0.7
0.0
4.3
70.0
8.9
3.3
10.6
0.3
3.5
354.0
0.0
198.4
NA
708.8
1,253.7
0.0
Appendix table 5-33

Yugoslavia
Other former USSR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Laos
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
1995
77.5
2,042.3
4.3
8.0
43.3
9.7
9.8
1.4
4.8
1,551.6
2.0
0.0
403.0
4.5
9,468.0
0.0
15.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,273.1
1,169.9
7.0
4,948.2
0.0
29.5
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
24.8
2.5
268.7
700.3
3.8
998.4
20.1
5.0
839.1
20.6
16.1
180.3
25.2
8.5
330.9
18.9
1996
94.6
1,762.1
9.3
7.3
45.8
8.8
12.8
0.3
2.7
1,361.6
1.0
0.0
306.5
5.8
10,548.4
0.0
18.2
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
1,528.6
1,187.2
8.7
5,412.7
0.0
24.7
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
12.3
2.3
264.5
909.2
2.3
1,135.1
34.6
6.4
871.5
22.6
15.3
187.7
32.7
1.8
375.6
28.8
1997
116.2
1,901.2
9.8
8.3
43.0
2.0
10.1
0.3
9.1
1,471.9
0.0
0.0
338.7
8.0
11,067.8
0.0
13.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
1,725.0
1,153.4
9.9
5,410.2
0.0
32.0
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.0
28.2
4.4
332.9
1,103.5
0.7
1,212.5
34.4
5.8
882.5
27.5
12.3
175.8
42.7
6.0
356.3
36.3
1998
110.0
1,747.2
7.7
8.3
59.0
7.0
10.8
0.0
4.0
1,282.5
1.0
0.0
357.8
9.0
11,954.1
0.0
17.2
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
1,961.2
1,181.1
8.1
5,661.9
0.0
42.1
0.0
1.5
0.0
2.5
23.1
1.8
412.2
1,367.0
1.5
1,219.7
46.2
5.0
959.6
30.2
8.5
176.6
51.3
3.5
376.1
41.8
1999
89.5
1,869.6
4.5
6.0
50.5
10.1
5.0
1.0
6.2
1,407.3
0.5
0.0
370.3
8.3
13,485.3
0.0
21.0
0.0
1.3
0.5
0.0
2,368.7
1,337.2
11.1
6,192.7
0.0
62.0
0.0
1.3
0.5
0.3
20.0
1.8
465.2
1,663.8
4.6
1,281.4
43.3
8.3
1,037.1
34.9
18.5
165.2
69.0
4.5
397.9
49.9
2000
126.7
1,918.3
5.0
6.0
52.0
6.3
11.7
0.0
5.7
1,458.9
0.0
0.0
363.5
9.2
15,262.4
0.0
26.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3,104.7
1,360.1
13.1
6,353.0
0.0
51.6
0.0
3.1
0.5
1.1
24.4
4.3
674.1
2,076.4
3.2
1,490.7
59.6
15.9
1,172.4
48.7
5.8
212.3
103.3
12.5
423.8
51.7
2001
82.1
1,973.3
9.7
6.3
43.6
7.8
9.0
2.0
6.1
1,479.9
0.0
0.0
399.1
9.8
15,883.2
0.0
18.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
3,345.0
1,497.5
23.4
6,276.6
0.0
59.3
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
25.4
5.9
701.7
2,271.7
1.5
1,577.1
67.8
10.0
1,213.1
47.4
9.8
223.9
124.0
2.5
422.7
59.2
2002
79.8
1,903.6
10.3
4.5
59.1
8.5
18.7
0.3
6.2
1,425.3
6.0
0.3
350.9
13.6
16,950.1
0.0
21.8
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
3,812.0
1,497.3
16.0
6,687.3
0.0
66.3
0.0
2.4
0.3
0.7
28.0
5.5
689.3
2,446.6
3.5
1,574.3
91.8
5.2
1,197.1
40.9
4.0
250.0
145.0
1.5
388.3
39.8
2003
110.8
1,637.3
7.7
10.2
55.7
12.6
4.8
0.2
5.6
1,208.6
0.0
0.3
326.4
5.3
19,167.5
0.0
25.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4,641.6
1,647.2
11.3
7,006.7
0.0
81.4
0.0
1.6
0.5
0.8
29.0
8.5
807.7
2,895.0
7.9
1,887.7
104.9
10.2
1,386.2
75.4
9.7
266.4
235.2
4.5
402.6
50.9
2004
167.4
1,587.9
8.4
3.2
47.8
13.2
15.6
0.0
3.1
1,152.4
0.0
0.0
339.2
5.0
20,967.5
0.0
25.9
0.0
2.0
0.5
0.0
5,560.3
1,802.2
17.9
6,932.0
0.0
130.0
0.0
3.3
0.3
2.7
39.5
5.6
826.4
3,453.3
4.8
2,010.4
142.2
8.2
1,532.0
97.1
11.7
278.8
270.8
6.0
407.5
63.2
2005
NA
1,633.3
9.3
3.0
42.7
11.5
5.5
0.3
5.1
1,171.1
0.0
0.0
380.0
4.8
23,964.0
0.0
29.6
0.0
0.5
1.5
0.0
7,415.9
1,962.8
14.6
6,962.0
0.0
143.9
0.0
1.7
0.8
0.2
57.3
7.9
979.5
4,012.9
5.3
2,197.9
150.6
18.9
1,597.7
87.5
9.0
285.8
354.5
5.0
410.1
58.7
2006
NA
1,383.7
6.4
4.8
43.2
7.7
4.6
0.0
4.5
970.5
0.0
0.0
333.9
8.1
26,065.6
0.0
42.4
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.0
8,240.6
2,417.2
30.2
6,996.2
0.0
242.9
0.0
2.6
2.3
0.0
64.4
6.2
959.3
4,124.1
3.8
2,702.6
211.5
18.5
1,810.0
96.0
6.8
271.2
511.8
10.4
465.8
45.1
2007
NA
1,225.8
12.7
3.5
32.5
7.4
14.4
0.8
6.7
955.2
0.0
0.0
177.3
15.2
25,855.1
0.0
30.1
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
9,101.8
2,965.8
16.5
5,885.8
0.0
193.2
0.0
1.0
1.4
1.2
110.3
4.7
944.9
3,649.9
3.5
2,685.7
240.6
17.4
2,103.9
127.7
16.6
294.7
655.8
12.5
484.5
67.5
2008
NA
1,212.2
11.7
4.9
37.4
7.0
8.8
3.0
5.0
929.3
0.8
0.0
193.9
10.3
28,608.1
0.0
26.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
10,728.6
3,156.6
20.2
5,462.4
0.0
233.2
0.0
0.2
1.6
3.8
149.9
6.4
1,009.2
4,563.9
7.8
2,912.5
295.0
30.1
2,404.0
144.9
6.5
303.0
959.7
5.6
431.8
77.7
2009
NA
1,206.8
15.0
6.3
34.4
9.2
5.6
0.8
6.1
964.7
0.5
0.0
153.2
10.9
30,603.5
0.0
36.5
0.5
1.3
0.0
0.3
12,234.3
3,300.1
23.4
5,549.6
0.3
383.7
0.0
1.3
1.2
1.8
151.2
10.7
888.2
4,680.5
5.7
2,990.3
312.9
29.6
3,002.9
170.9
10.5
395.1
1,359.9
10.0
438.2
71.8
Appendix table 5-33

Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
1995
35.5
11.2
3.3
17.0
2.5
6.3
134.8
2.8
9.4
15.8
0.0
514.4
0.0
114.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
219.7
26.3
4.3
0.0
17.7
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
91.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
2.2
28.9
0.0
1996
38.3
7.2
1.0
25.2
3.8
3.7
103.5
1.1
8.9
13.4
0.7
578.9
0.0
142.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
217.7
39.5
8.8
1.0
16.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
114.8
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
4.7
26.4
0.0
1997
47.8
9.5
3.1
20.1
9.5
2.3
103.0
1.5
12.9
14.8
0.8
675.3
0.0
134.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.8
295.7
28.0
10.9
2.8
16.2
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
138.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
3.0
1.3
35.3
0.0
1998
47.6
12.5
4.6
31.3
9.2
2.5
129.7
1.5
18.5
14.2
0.0
801.4
0.0
128.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.3
381.1
38.8
9.4
0.5
19.6
0.0
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
175.8
0.5
0.0
0.5
4.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
3.2
31.0
0.0
1999
64.7
6.5
3.8
41.4
14.9
4.8
119.8
4.3
24.2
12.4
0.3
1,124.8
0.0
167.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
574.1
57.2
16.0
2.7
29.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
222.9
0.3
2.0
0.0
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
2.9
41.2
0.5
2000
52.4
9.3
5.5
37.0
15.5
5.5
119.8
2.5
44.4
21.2
1.2
1,165.5
0.0
179.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
602.8
66.9
11.9
4.0
28.8
0.0
0.0
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
225.4
0.3
1.5
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
3.9
35.5
0.0
2001
54.9
12.3
4.5
56.4
18.8
5.3
93.4
3.5
47.4
24.9
2.0
1,317.5
0.0
193.7
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
663.2
65.8
15.3
1.0
26.3
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
289.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.1
4.3
41.3
0.0
2002
49.7
14.9
1.0
49.0
27.2
4.2
93.5
5.0
50.9
29.2
3.0
1,394.2
0.0
191.2
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.3
676.8
66.1
30.0
4.1
26.7
0.0
0.5
1.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
323.8
0.0
0.5
0.4
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.7
7.3
55.7
0.0
2003
42.5
18.4
9.5
44.8
19.4
3.0
95.2
3.3
72.2
33.1
0.0
1,547.1
0.0
182.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
808.1
113.1
17.6
3.4
25.5
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
326.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.8
2.8
52.7
0.0
2004
48.7
15.8
6.3
60.5
21.0
5.0
111.3
7.7
81.8
38.8
0.0
1,608.4
0.0
210.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
820.3
89.6
16.4
3.2
30.4
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
384.7
0.3
0.8
0.0
6.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.5
7.5
30.4
0.0
2005
39.7
16.6
4.6
47.5
22.3
5.7
104.4
8.2
95.4
41.7
1.0
1,761.4
0.0
220.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
949.5
119.6
24.9
0.8
29.2
0.0
0.7
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
351.2
1.0
0.6
0.0
6.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.3
7.5
36.3
0.0
2006
45.8
24.7
2.3
44.8
21.2
8.2
121.3
4.0
94.9
32.8
2.8
1,791.1
0.0
223.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.9
906.8
99.2
29.0
1.6
28.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
447.4
0.3
0.3
0.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
7.2
34.5
0.0
2007
43.2
20.7
11.7
50.8
35.8
7.3
110.8
9.8
122.0
30.6
1.5
1,787.4
0.0
228.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
881.9
116.0
41.8
2.5
27.1
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
416.6
0.3
1.3
0.2
5.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.1
14.8
38.3
1.5
2008
47.7
24.2
11.3
54.3
20.8
11.7
114.3
6.2
138.7
43.9
1.7
1,973.1
0.0
257.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
985.6
124.9
46.4
4.4
20.1
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.0
3.8
457.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
11.7
51.1
0.0
2009
42.4
27.1
3.8
49.5
26.8
12.3
136.3
2.3
178.7
64.3
2.8
2,041.2
0.0
231.9
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.8
1,017.0
159.0
68.5
2.1
18.8
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.6
479.4
0.0
0.3
0.0
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
15.0
36.0
0.0
Appendix table 5-33

Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cte dIvoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
1995
174.7
2.0
0.0
2.0
0.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
33.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
117.7
2.5
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.0
1996
166.5
1.0
0.3
0.0
1.3
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25.3
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
119.1
0.5
0.0
2.5
0.3
0.5
1997
150.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
6.7
0.0
0.0
4.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
97.7
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.3
1.0
1998
157.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.0
0.5
19.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
121.3
0.5
0.0
1.7
0.0
1.0
1999
181.6
1.0
0.0
2.0
0.5
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.0
0.0
0.0
29.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.6
1.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.5
2000
192.6
0.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
22.3
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
154.0
1.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
2001
202.5
1.0
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
19.4
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
153.9
1.5
0.0
2.3
0.5
1.0
2002
191.1
0.0
1.8
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
22.9
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
149.1
1.7
0.0
0.7
0.3
0.0
2003
212.3
0.0
2.0
1.7
1.5
1.0
3.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.5
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.3
0.7
0.5
0.3
0.0
1.3
21.3
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
158.7
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
2004
209.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.5
0.0
4.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.8
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.2
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.0
0.5
0.3
0.5
32.8
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
149.5
0.3
0.0
1.5
1.5
2.5
2005
234.8
0.0
1.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
4.2
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.3
0.0
0.5
28.6
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
180.6
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2006
278.2
0.2
0.0
2.9
0.8
0.0
5.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.3
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
3.7
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
2.5
0.5
39.0
0.8
0.0
2.7
0.0
1.0
0.0
199.6
1.7
0.0
4.8
0.0
1.0
2007
314.7
0.3
1.5
1.3
0.3
0.5
7.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
1.8
1.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
2.3
37.7
1.3
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
239.3
1.0
0.3
4.2
1.0
0.6
2008
304.3
0.0
0.0
3.3
1.0
0.0
9.2
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.5
0.3
2.7
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
1.0
0.5
44.5
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
219.6
4.3
0.0
5.7
2.3
1.0
2009
319.8
0.0
0.3
1.0
1.3
0.0
8.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.8
3.9
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.1
0.0
0.0
13.3
0.0
0.0
2.4
0.3
0.0
1.0
3.9
0.0
0.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
49.3
0.3
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
218.7
1.5
0.3
4.5
0.0
0.0
Appendix table 5-33

Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other
Australia
Canada
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Western Samoa
1995
0.5
0.6
2,902.1
731.5
2,073.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
95.8
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1996
1.0
1.5
2,713.1
734.2
1,875.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
102.7
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1997
1.8
3.0
2,625.6
774.3
1,732.9
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
116.7
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1998
1.0
2.3
2,613.7
795.9
1,691.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
125.4
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1999
2.5
6.8
2,771.8
878.1
1,760.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
130.2
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2000
0.0
3.8
2,846.0
920.9
1,812.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
111.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
2001
1.0
9.0
2,795.0
913.6
1,726.4
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
153.4
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2002
0.2
2.5
2,759.2
898.8
1,738.2
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2003
0.0
2.5
3,055.7
978.0
1,931.7
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
143.6
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2004
0.0
0.7
3,229.3
991.3
2,077.8
6.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
152.9
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2005
1.5
3.2
3,664.2
1,090.4
2,433.4
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
138.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2006
0.0
0.8
3,930.7
1,209.0
2,559.5
4.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
157.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2007
0.0
0.8
4,064.8
1,264.3
2,631.8
4.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
164.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2008
0.0
0.0
4,332.7
1,325.4
2,805.6
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
198.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

2009
0.5
1.3
4,488.7
1,397.0
2,917.6
1.7
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
172.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Appendix table 5-34

S&E articles in geosciences, by region/country/economy: 19952009
World
United States
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Albania
Andorra
Croatia
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Macedonia
Monaco
Montenegro
Norway
San Marino
Serbia
Switzerland
Turkey
Vatican City
1995
27,659.0
9,852.3
8,867.8
145.9
181.2
27.7
5.0
90.8
274.0
16.4
238.2
1,460.6
1,261.0
140.4
63.6
68.8
627.3
1.5
4.7
1.8
4.8
588.2
137.8
78.3
4.5
35.4
16.7
566.4
461.8
2,365.0
882.9
3.8
0.0
0.7
54.1
34.5
0.0
1.3
3.1
NA
372.5
0.0
NA
NA
293.6
103.6
0.0
1996
28,394.0
9,884.0
9,278.7
139.9
230.9
27.7
3.7
104.1
314.9
42.6
224.6
1,679.1
1,390.3
156.4
65.7
66.4
660.2
13.3
3.0
0.3
2.5
539.0
130.7
58.9
16.6
27.0
22.4
617.8
498.6
2,241.9
915.9
1.9
0.0
0.0
36.6
25.5
0.2
0.0
10.1
NA
403.5
0.0
NA
NA
308.4
115.9
0.0
1997
28,331.0
9,423.7
9,517.5
129.5
214.9
21.7
2.2
87.8
314.1
21.9
231.4
1,630.4
1,626.9
173.2
58.5
68.8
695.3
3.3
3.5
0.5
1.4
583.3
145.8
70.8
18.4
31.8
20.5
683.7
385.8
2,292.2
972.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
29.9
28.6
0.5
1.0
7.2
NA
392.9
0.0
NA
NA
377.9
119.6
0.8
1998
29,948.0
9,899.5
10,335.1
140.7
262.7
27.4
2.0
112.2
341.3
31.3
271.6
1,779.1
1,657.5
183.9
77.3
57.0
772.3
4.0
6.4
1.9
0.3
629.1
142.6
110.0
12.4
30.6
26.9
738.6
505.5
2,410.6
1,071.7
2.9
0.0
0.0
34.2
31.0
0.0
1.3
7.8
NA
446.1
0.0
NA
NA
372.9
159.9
0.0
1999
29,838.0
9,516.7
10,423.9
170.1
258.8
30.8
3.4
74.7
331.4
38.9
232.1
1,829.3
1,716.9
175.6
61.3
59.9
856.6
8.0
7.7
0.9
0.0
561.6
136.7
119.5
20.5
20.6
28.0
782.9
472.6
2,425.2
1,052.4
2.8
0.0
0.0
25.6
22.4
0.0
0.5
14.9
NA
400.1
0.0
NA
NA
379.2
192.6
0.1
2000
31,578.0
9,897.6
10,782.6
161.8
268.4
28.5
0.0
78.8
383.5
21.2
222.9
1,780.2
1,774.4
193.2
53.7
67.4
960.4
5.4
7.0
2.2
2.8
560.2
131.1
118.4
20.4
25.1
27.0
807.5
437.6
2,643.6
1,083.2
1.1
0.0
0.3
37.5
37.7
0.0
0.0
5.3
NA
426.8
0.0
NA
NA
406.4
154.7
0.3
2001
33,339.0
10,211.0
11,119.7
212.9
289.0
30.6
1.5
101.0
360.8
33.4
299.9
1,802.5
1,799.3
185.5
54.8
87.5
998.5
7.1
12.5
2.8
1.4
562.2
183.2
155.4
24.3
18.6
28.1
827.0
524.8
2,515.3
1,227.4
3.4
0.0
0.5
41.2
31.2
0.0
1.5
5.7
NA
460.1
0.0
NA
NA
468.7
200.5
1.0
2002
33,254.0
10,077.4
11,137.0
187.8
306.5
33.8
1.2
130.2
400.7
26.8
269.2
1,762.3
1,823.5
226.7
62.2
74.5
981.4
3.5
11.3
1.1
3.0
619.7
169.4
201.3
27.0
25.5
22.0
878.2
443.2
2,445.1
1,273.5
3.7
0.0
0.0
37.4
41.2
0.0
1.5
10.1
NA
499.2
0.0
NA
NA
404.0
263.8
0.0
2003
35,221.0
10,735.0
11,550.2
196.2
330.2
30.1
4.5
162.6
379.0
41.6
278.5
1,800.2
1,810.3
245.3
89.8
76.5
1,161.2
5.9
7.8
2.8
4.2
565.3
202.3
200.7
29.4
27.0
34.7
944.1
493.6
2,426.2
1,378.6
0.3
0.0
0.3
48.9
39.0
0.0
0.0
11.2
NA
481.7
0.0
NA
NA
470.2
321.1
0.0
2004
36,136.0
10,634.7
11,521.4
212.8
307.1
29.6
2.0
148.5
328.6
38.6
277.8
1,868.7
1,766.9
230.0
76.3
79.2
1,213.5
6.0
28.7
6.1
0.8
589.2
195.1
200.7
22.0
18.2
45.4
927.9
529.0
2,372.8
1,494.7
0.5
0.0
0.5
59.4
32.8
0.5
1.7
12.8
NA
532.1
0.0
NA
NA
479.2
356.5
0.5
2005
37,227.0
10,730.5
12,165.1
172.3
348.2
37.3
2.0
166.9
345.4
45.5
259.7
1,916.2
1,945.1
265.9
75.4
109.6
1,195.7
4.4
10.3
10.6
2.5
633.1
236.8
269.5
33.4
38.1
37.1
1,075.0
528.0
2,401.1
1,481.6
1.5
0.3
0.7
56.0
45.8
0.2
1.3
8.3
NA
477.4
0.0
NA
18.3
514.6
356.8
0.5
2006
40,244.0
11,398.5
12,905.7
196.0
340.3
26.9
1.2
183.7
369.7
42.9
263.8
2,009.6
1,831.7
310.3
76.9
128.0
1,343.0
2.6
19.6
4.2
4.0
624.8
241.6
343.1
29.7
40.0
48.8
1,221.1
553.6
2,648.8
1,712.0
0.6
0.7
0.0
74.7
53.2
0.0
1.6
8.8
0.0
559.9
0.0
15.9
10.3
529.7
456.7
0.0
2007
40,800.0
11,558.3
13,041.3
207.5
318.8
36.7
6.0
202.6
345.5
36.5
278.4
1,971.8
1,886.3
316.4
88.2
114.8
1,380.4
3.8
14.8
6.7
0.3
603.3
265.3
356.2
35.8
35.8
51.8
1,288.5
507.0
2,681.8
1,804.5
1.6
0.0
1.5
65.2
53.5
0.0
2.3
7.2
0.0
603.8
0.5
35.6
NA
548.0
485.4
0.0
2008
43,618.0
12,101.3
13,854.1
212.5
390.0
32.5
1.9
209.2
352.3
58.8
322.5
2,098.8
2,068.7
295.9
77.2
126.8
1,480.5
3.0
14.5
6.2
3.9
631.0
275.2
419.1
31.8
55.1
34.7
1,468.8
546.4
2,636.7
1,930.3
4.1
0.0
0.7
81.5
49.8
0.2
2.6
9.9
0.3
599.4
0.0
35.8
NA
611.4
534.5
0.2
2009
45,240.0
11,620.8
14,405.3
238.5
350.5
44.5
12.0
257.8
346.9
44.7
274.9
2,258.0
2,066.1
322.0
101.9
149.7
1,541.4
3.3
18.2
10.9
2.8
651.0
353.2
524.2
53.2
58.0
60.7
1,534.8
509.5
2,616.4
2,056.5
1.4
0.3
2.0
102.1
45.8
0.0
2.0
11.9
0.1
624.2
0.0
48.8
NA
641.5
576.3
0.0
Appendix table 5-34

Yugoslavia
Other former USSR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Laos
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
1995
15.7
786.3
0.7
0.0
3.0
1.3
4.1
0.3
0.0
719.1
6.3
0.0
49.4
2.2
2,546.0
0.0
6.9
1.0
3.1
0.0
0.0
306.0
384.6
18.7
1,453.8
0.0
23.3
1.0
0.3
3.0
0.0
9.5
23.2
39.0
64.3
5.7
164.6
31.0
7.1
390.9
7.1
2.5
66.1
9.2
4.0
183.4
11.0
1996
13.8
797.6
1.5
0.0
6.2
4.1
3.5
2.5
0.0
720.4
1.5
1.5
54.2
2.2
2,757.9
0.0
8.3
0.0
1.5
1.0
0.0
389.3
380.2
16.0
1,415.3
0.0
26.6
1.5
4.7
2.5
0.0
13.6
40.2
53.4
107.4
6.5
253.5
27.8
8.6
382.7
11.4
3.0
38.1
11.9
5.0
189.4
12.2
1997
13.3
816.2
1.6
2.3
10.0
4.5
8.5
2.6
0.5
733.9
1.5
0.0
45.6
5.2
2,901.7
0.0
4.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
468.2
400.9
19.1
1,445.3
0.7
24.4
0.0
1.8
5.9
0.0
8.7
38.1
54.2
121.0
5.8
265.5
31.6
5.2
404.5
7.3
0.0
52.8
7.9
5.2
224.7
11.0
1998
15.6
747.6
2.1
0.5
6.8
5.7
1.7
1.0
0.8
691.2
0.0
0.7
33.7
3.5
3,098.2
0.0
4.6
0.0
1.3
0.7
0.0
510.2
330.4
12.7
1,599.9
0.0
17.8
1.5
0.5
2.6
0.0
7.6
40.3
40.9
155.6
8.3
309.2
48.4
5.7
389.3
9.2
1.5
45.3
14.7
2.7
198.5
15.6
1999
14.2
727.9
1.1
0.3
6.5
3.2
3.5
0.0
0.5
664.5
2.0
0.0
44.6
1.7
3,096.7
0.0
7.8
0.0
4.3
0.7
0.5
580.2
408.8
20.8
1,445.7
0.5
18.1
2.0
2.5
5.5
0.0
7.2
42.2
37.5
146.8
6.5
315.7
34.4
8.9
392.5
8.2
2.0
57.4
11.8
0.5
185.7
17.4
2000
13.1
991.1
0.1
3.5
10.6
1.8
6.0
1.0
0.0
927.5
3.8
0.6
35.5
0.8
3,588.1
0.0
10.1
0.5
8.7
1.9
0.3
701.1
388.6
28.7
1,693.4
0.0
25.1
0.0
2.2
6.6
0.0
7.2
41.2
64.2
210.4
6.7
337.4
41.9
11.8
448.7
9.3
0.5
48.1
15.2
1.0
242.3
16.8
2001
13.5
1,029.2
3.1
4.0
6.7
3.3
8.0
2.6
0.3
949.2
5.2
0.0
44.7
2.2
4,380.9
0.0
11.2
0.0
2.2
0.0
2.0
933.6
443.2
22.1
1,947.0
0.5
26.1
0.8
2.9
6.3
0.0
9.7
28.5
67.7
343.3
6.2
454.0
64.1
9.5
458.0
14.8
1.3
56.6
19.9
1.0
224.6
26.0
2002
12.6
1,033.4
3.2
2.0
4.5
4.4
3.6
1.6
1.0
952.5
3.2
0.0
56.6
0.8
4,426.6
0.0
11.0
0.5
4.8
0.5
0.5
933.4
507.7
20.6
1,921.9
1.0
46.1
0.0
1.6
5.4
0.0
13.9
27.9
71.9
373.9
7.1
407.3
57.9
11.8
404.7
8.1
3.0
50.4
27.4
0.0
204.4
12.2
2003
5.9
1,006.8
2.7
2.8
6.3
7.2
5.4
0.8
0.0
927.5
5.6
0.0
43.9
4.5
4,952.5
0.0
17.7
0.3
8.4
0.0
1.0
1,226.7
510.0
23.0
1,974.2
1.0
38.5
0.0
2.8
6.1
0.0
12.2
32.9
91.6
415.6
11.9
506.4
64.2
8.0
469.7
9.5
2.8
76.8
40.1
0.0
213.7
17.3
2004
18.3
1,004.8
1.2
7.0
6.5
4.6
4.6
0.4
0.0
928.4
3.2
0.0
42.0
7.0
5,562.3
0.0
11.7
1.3
2.6
2.0
0.0
1,528.1
594.0
21.4
2,098.2
0.5
36.6
0.0
4.1
7.3
0.0
13.6
27.9
85.0
527.9
12.4
507.4
74.0
6.4
497.3
14.2
0.3
66.7
53.9
1.0
216.4
19.9
2005
NA
1,026.8
1.5
4.5
11.1
2.3
6.1
0.9
1.1
947.6
2.8
0.0
46.8
2.1
5,718.1
0.0
13.3
0.5
1.5
1.3
0.8
1,657.6
707.3
17.2
2,078.7
1.8
38.3
0.0
5.0
9.9
0.0
17.1
19.0
82.7
468.9
12.3
492.6
76.9
15.1
514.4
13.3
1.1
63.9
71.2
1.1
211.9
20.3
2006
NA
1,019.6
4.5
2.9
4.0
10.3
3.9
4.8
0.0
945.8
2.4
0.1
36.8
4.2
6,633.3
0.3
18.5
0.3
0.5
1.2
2.4
2,175.5
754.4
16.2
2,218.4
5.3
27.2
0.2
2.2
7.3
0.5
22.3
26.0
75.5
527.3
8.2
623.6
104.3
15.6
657.0
19.2
0.0
66.5
143.2
2.0
237.8
17.1
2007
NA
972.2
1.0
2.2
2.6
6.3
8.5
3.9
0.0
901.9
5.0
1.0
38.5
1.3
6,919.8
0.0
30.1
1.0
1.5
0.9
1.6
2,451.4
834.3
21.9
2,093.1
1.2
52.0
1.5
6.3
8.8
0.0
32.0
32.4
71.2
517.8
14.0
621.3
102.9
22.6
637.1
12.6
0.3
77.9
138.0
0.0
223.8
21.1
2008
NA
1,071.3
2.3
0.7
4.2
9.0
5.0
2.7
0.3
1,006.8
0.0
0.0
38.6
1.6
7,597.5
0.5
17.7
1.0
1.8
1.2
5.3
2,791.7
908.9
27.6
2,213.0
0.7
67.1
0.5
5.7
8.9
0.8
36.5
28.1
81.5
597.6
17.3
660.6
101.1
22.3
753.8
28.0
1.2
96.1
162.6
4.9
238.4
24.0
2009
NA
1,016.9
3.2
3.6
3.4
7.5
4.2
1.4
0.5
947.5
0.6
0.0
39.1
6.0
8,665.2
0.5
17.1
1.2
1.8
0.5
3.0
3,597.6
1,022.3
36.8
2,131.9
0.2
101.4
0.5
6.1
6.3
0.8
75.6
25.8
69.1
663.3
11.6
766.7
98.6
26.6
975.8
42.9
1.0
121.9
308.1
6.7
227.8
22.1
Appendix table 5-34

Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
1995
14.3
2.6
3.2
16.6
7.5
0.0
38.7
2.0
5.5
15.3
2.1
518.7
0.0
99.2
1.3
3.5
0.0
5.0
163.8
54.7
8.1
7.5
5.7
0.0
0.1
5.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.3
111.3
0.0
2.5
0.0
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
3.3
7.8
26.7
1.0
1996
30.2
1.8
1.0
20.2
3.8
0.5
27.7
0.8
10.5
12.8
2.2
593.7
0.0
122.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
2.2
177.2
75.1
5.0
4.3
6.0
0.0
0.5
6.8
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
7.7
140.4
0.8
6.2
0.3
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
4.0
3.3
23.2
0.5
1997
10.0
8.2
0.2
14.8
6.3
0.5
28.5
7.1
9.2
8.2
2.6
608.0
0.0
131.9
0.3
1.5
0.5
0.9
174.0
54.0
22.2
5.1
3.6
0.0
0.0
5.9
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.1
158.2
0.5
6.7
0.5
4.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.1
5.9
25.4
0.1
1998
15.6
3.5
1.3
25.9
5.2
2.0
20.5
1.7
14.9
9.6
1.7
742.4
0.0
159.1
0.5
1.0
0.0
4.0
217.6
61.4
9.2
1.3
6.8
0.0
0.6
7.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.5
4.5
222.3
1.8
3.8
0.5
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.0
4.3
24.5
1.2
1999
29.0
8.7
0.2
23.2
6.9
2.3
15.8
1.7
11.2
10.3
0.3
820.7
0.0
140.0
0.0
1.8
1.0
9.4
266.2
88.9
12.2
2.9
14.2
0.0
0.0
3.1
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.0
0.2
1.0
6.7
219.5
1.3
2.5
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.8
11.2
29.6
0.8
2000
14.9
4.5
1.5
33.8
7.4
0.0
22.0
2.4
17.0
9.6
2.3
932.7
0.0
159.4
1.5
3.1
0.0
3.0
290.1
94.5
20.3
7.5
7.7
0.0
0.3
7.6
0.2
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.8
0.7
1.5
280.6
1.0
3.7
0.0
5.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
3.8
7.3
30.4
0.3
2001
18.1
9.1
1.0
28.3
7.2
2.2
16.8
4.6
16.3
8.4
1.7
983.8
0.0
156.4
0.5
2.2
0.4
4.5
328.6
124.0
19.8
4.9
13.8
0.0
0.7
7.7
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.8
0.0
1.0
5.9
250.2
1.7
6.3
0.0
8.4
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.8
2.8
12.6
28.3
1.2
2002
5.2
6.0
1.7
31.8
6.9
0.0
16.0
3.8
17.5
10.4
0.0
1,101.3
0.0
201.6
0.1
0.1
0.1
4.9
360.9
118.2
26.4
5.8
3.6
0.0
0.1
8.9
0.6
1.0
0.3
0.8
0.1
0.0
12.7
296.4
1.5
4.6
0.0
10.7
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.5
1.9
15.4
22.7
1.5
2003
11.0
10.7
0.8
26.0
8.8
2.8
16.8
4.4
18.5
8.2
1.4
1,164.1
0.0
196.6
0.0
1.3
0.8
8.2
364.9
130.3
14.4
5.7
10.2
0.0
0.3
12.2
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.6
341.8
1.3
6.8
0.5
8.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
2.5
15.6
23.4
1.9
2004
14.8
12.2
1.6
32.7
9.1
1.0
22.1
6.5
15.6
9.0
0.5
1,312.6
0.0
223.1
0.6
1.5
0.7
5.2
423.8
161.0
15.4
3.0
6.7
0.0
0.3
8.0
1.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.3
8.8
380.8
2.8
6.4
0.6
14.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
4.3
13.6
26.7
0.6
2005
9.1
11.6
1.6
38.8
9.8
0.8
15.9
5.4
24.5
13.0
1.0
1,326.6
0.0
248.8
0.2
1.8
1.5
9.7
481.4
132.3
16.5
6.5
10.3
0.5
0.0
9.6
0.3
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.6
7.1
316.1
1.4
5.7
0.3
11.1
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
2.5
19.0
40.0
2.5
2006
17.5
13.5
2.3
40.1
13.7
0.0
25.8
4.6
40.6
11.5
1.6
1,453.8
0.2
255.9
0.2
2.3
0.5
7.9
515.5
159.6
38.7
10.6
12.1
0.5
0.3
6.0
1.3
0.0
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.8
4.4
344.5
2.4
5.9
0.7
18.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
6.0
20.7
34.7
1.3
2007
13.5
16.2
0.8
34.0
19.6
0.8
17.8
8.1
37.5
13.5
1.7
1,448.2
0.0
282.3
1.2
0.5
0.0
8.7
547.5
169.3
19.0
10.3
11.9
0.0
0.2
8.5
1.1
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.0
0.0
5.6
313.7
1.7
5.6
0.0
12.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
9.0
15.5
20.8
0.1
2008
11.9
12.6
3.2
44.0
14.4
0.3
25.9
5.1
57.8
21.7
1.9
1,550.1
0.0
321.3
0.3
2.0
1.2
6.9
556.0
181.7
27.2
7.2
10.7
0.0
0.8
16.9
0.4
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.3
0.3
7.2
320.7
5.2
14.5
0.0
22.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
6.1
21.2
16.8
1.2
2009
13.0
11.5
3.9
41.9
14.9
2.0
29.4
1.9
110.1
16.2
0.5
1,762.2
0.0
356.9
0.3
0.5
0.0
4.6
723.2
175.1
37.4
14.0
9.8
0.0
0.3
9.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.8
1.6
4.5
342.8
1.2
12.5
0.0
16.7
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.5
4.4
20.1
20.7
3.1
Appendix table 5-34

Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cte dIvoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
1995
355.3
0.0
0.5
4.4
0.7
1.0
3.5
0.3
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
6.3
0.5
0.3
0.0
1.1
1.8
0.0
3.5
0.5
0.3
14.6
0.0
0.0
3.7
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
1.6
1.9
15.2
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.5
0.0
0.0
255.2
1.5
0.0
11.4
0.0
0.6
1996
340.3
0.0
0.3
5.8
0.3
0.3
4.7
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.2
7.9
1.0
0.0
4.5
0.5
0.0
15.2
0.0
0.0
1.5
5.8
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
4.8
0.3
23.5
0.3
0.0
3.7
2.5
0.0
0.0
229.5
1.3
0.0
9.1
0.0
3.0
1997
334.5
0.7
0.0
3.5
0.2
1.0
5.7
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.0
1.2
0.0
3.9
0.0
0.0
0.2
2.8
1.3
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
11.7
0.0
0.0
2.9
3.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
1.0
2.0
7.9
26.3
0.0
0.0
6.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
230.6
0.0
0.0
7.6
0.3
1.1
1998
295.4
0.1
0.5
4.7
1.0
0.0
4.9
0.0
0.4
0.4
0.0
0.8
0.3
7.7
0.3
0.0
1.2
4.0
0.3
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
11.9
0.0
0.0
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.5
2.3
0.5
2.5
18.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
197.2
0.7
0.0
13.8
1.0
2.5
1999
346.0
0.5
0.7
2.4
0.7
1.7
3.1
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
2.1
0.3
0.0
0.2
5.1
0.0
0.0
3.3
0.5
0.0
16.3
1.3
0.0
0.9
2.0
0.2
0.8
1.2
1.7
5.7
1.4
19.6
0.1
0.0
6.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
248.1
0.8
0.3
8.0
0.5
2.5
2000
312.3
0.7
0.8
4.0
1.9
0.5
7.1
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.6
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.1
0.1
0.0
5.3
0.5
0.0
17.2
0.5
0.0
3.4
1.8
0.3
0.5
0.8
2.2
0.7
0.5
21.5
0.0
0.0
5.5
0.8
0.0
0.0
212.6
0.3
0.0
5.7
0.5
3.5
2001
350.0
0.7
0.7
2.8
1.8
0.8
4.5
0.2
0.3
1.4
0.0
1.1
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.5
3.2
1.1
0.0
4.9
0.9
0.0
26.9
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.3
0.0
0.5
1.0
4.0
4.0
1.0
14.5
0.0
0.0
3.7
0.3
0.2
0.0
248.6
0.0
0.0
5.8
0.5
3.5
2002
379.5
0.0
0.3
4.5
1.2
0.0
5.2
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
2.2
5.8
0.0
0.0
5.4
0.5
0.0
25.2
0.0
0.0
0.7
1.5
1.6
0.7
1.3
3.2
3.4
2.0
25.4
0.0
0.0
4.9
0.5
0.0
0.0
258.5
1.0
0.0
12.8
0.5
1.3
2003
342.3
0.0
1.0
6.4
2.9
1.4
6.3
1.3
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.5
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
1.1
8.9
1.3
0.5
2.5
0.1
0.0
21.6
1.0
0.0
4.8
1.3
0.3
0.7
1.3
0.8
2.2
1.3
20.3
0.0
0.0
6.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
216.8
1.3
0.5
6.1
0.1
7.5
2004
377.6
0.3
0.3
5.2
1.5
0.3
5.4
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.3
0.0
2.1
0.5
0.0
1.8
7.2
0.0
0.0
5.1
0.0
0.0
14.9
0.0
0.0
0.8
1.0
0.9
0.2
1.2
3.1
1.9
1.3
25.6
0.0
0.0
4.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
269.1
1.0
0.0
8.9
0.3
3.8
2005
350.5
0.8
0.7
7.1
0.8
0.9
8.2
0.3
0.3
1.9
0.6
1.3
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.0
2.1
8.7
0.5
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.0
20.9
0.2
0.0
0.8
1.2
0.0
2.1
1.4
5.8
3.0
2.4
24.7
0.0
0.0
7.4
0.6
0.0
0.0
214.2
1.6
0.0
15.5
0.0
4.3
2006
409.6
0.0
2.1
12.9
1.1
0.3
7.8
0.8
0.0
0.3
0.0
2.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
3.3
11.9
0.3
0.1
9.7
0.0
0.0
16.2
0.1
0.3
5.5
3.6
1.0
0.5
2.1
3.8
3.4
2.1
31.0
0.0
0.0
5.9
0.7
0.0
0.0
255.2
0.8
0.3
10.4
0.2
5.9
2007
404.0
0.0
1.6
6.7
1.1
0.0
10.2
0.0
0.3
1.9
0.0
1.9
0.0
2.7
0.3
0.0
0.5
15.8
0.4
0.0
6.5
0.0
0.0
25.5
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.7
0.5
1.2
2.0
2.3
4.6
2.0
24.5
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.9
0.0
0.0
261.3
0.0
0.3
9.8
0.5
6.3
2008
396.7
0.0
1.2
6.0
0.6
0.7
12.2
0.0
1.3
1.0
0.0
1.8
0.5
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.5
16.3
0.6
0.0
10.6
0.0
0.0
15.4
1.0
0.0
2.6
0.8
1.0
0.3
1.8
3.8
5.0
3.5
29.0
1.0
0.0
6.7
1.9
0.0
0.0
242.9
0.7
0.0
9.9
0.0
6.5
2009
484.3
1.7
2.8
3.8
4.3
0.0
10.7
1.0
0.1
0.3
0.0
2.0
2.4
4.7
0.1
0.0
0.5
18.9
0.7
0.0
7.9
0.6
0.0
23.1
0.8
0.0
3.1
0.1
4.0
1.2
0.6
2.6
2.6
4.1
33.3
0.2
0.1
6.1
1.2
0.0
0.0
312.0
1.9
0.3
12.5
0.5
6.1
Appendix table 5-34

Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other
Australia
Canada
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Western Samoa
1995
2.1
12.8
3,458.8
1,098.7
2,096.3
4.7
0.0
0.5
1.5
0.0
253.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.1
0.0
1996
0.0
7.8
3,443.3
1,061.6
2,093.9
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
283.2
0.0
0.0
0.9
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
1997
0.5
10.3
3,352.1
1,081.3
1,932.7
3.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
329.7
0.0
0.0
1.6
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
1998
1.3
6.9
3,368.7
1,233.0
1,800.6
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
327.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
1999
1.9
5.4
3,461.3
1,235.2
1,872.2
4.8
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
340.1
0.0
0.0
2.2
5.4
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
2000
0.5
6.2
3,541.7
1,316.4
1,905.2
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
310.2
0.0
0.0
4.5
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
2001
1.9
6.2
3,578.9
1,375.5
1,822.3
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
372.8
0.0
1.8
2.6
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
2002
0.3
6.7
3,420.5
1,211.7
1,866.4
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
337.2
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
2003
1.0
7.1
3,621.7
1,380.3
1,836.2
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
396.3
0.0
0.7
4.6
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
2004
0.8
6.8
3,730.7
1,432.4
1,941.8
3.9
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
347.2
0.0
0.5
3.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
2005
2.5
2.2
3,913.4
1,470.4
2,069.7
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
366.9
0.0
3.0
0.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.1
2006
2.8
3.9
4,054.4
1,503.8
2,179.1
4.3
0.1
0.4
0.3
0.0
363.0
0.0
0.6
1.2
1.0
0.2
0.0
0.6
0.0
2007
1.1
5.7
4,014.6
1,578.9
2,075.8
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
351.4
0.0
1.3
1.6
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2008
0.5
5.7
4,363.0
1,697.0
2,293.9
2.9
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
368.4
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

2009
2.0
3.4
4,252.9
1,642.5
2,246.0
5.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
354.1
0.0
0.5
2.0
0.5
0.3
0.0
1.8
0.0
Appendix table 5-35

S&E articles in mathematics, by region/country/economy: 19952009
World
United States
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Albania
Andorra
Croatia
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Macedonia
Monaco
Montenegro
Norway
San Marino
Serbia
Switzerland
Turkey
Vatican City
1995
9,341.0
3,197.1
3,622.8
59.6
83.3
32.0
1.1
33.2
59.2
1.0
42.9
939.0
634.8
46.7
56.9
20.6
341.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
158.5
107.5
28.8
33.8
22.9
17.3
237.1
93.8
569.8
157.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.7
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
32.8
0.0
NA
NA
91.9
14.3
0.0
1996
9,816.0
3,255.2
3,701.3
57.6
89.7
30.3
5.3
40.4
49.6
1.8
40.0
937.7
648.8
60.5
50.2
25.6
334.6
3.3
2.9
0.0
0.0
145.5
108.2
27.9
46.7
19.2
15.2
286.1
92.0
582.0
171.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
37.3
0.0
NA
NA
90.9
15.5
0.0
1997
10,729.0
3,326.2
4,207.2
72.2
80.1
31.2
3.2
52.3
64.7
4.3
46.6
1,044.5
735.8
80.7
52.8
28.5
438.5
2.5
3.0
0.0
0.0
145.9
138.5
26.3
50.9
26.2
18.2
320.8
100.3
638.9
189.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
14.3
4.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
NA
37.1
0.0
NA
NA
84.3
25.0
0.0
1998
10,956.0
3,368.0
4,367.6
65.8
85.0
27.9
3.8
46.2
64.0
4.5
38.4
1,154.2
812.4
52.5
65.0
34.7
404.8
1.5
5.7
1.0
0.0
142.3
128.2
33.4
48.4
13.7
24.8
317.8
118.2
673.1
217.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
19.3
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
53.7
0.0
NA
NA
99.6
27.9
0.0
1999
12,006.0
3,381.9
4,985.9
79.0
120.8
30.3
3.0
59.0
73.6
7.2
61.2
1,248.7
907.0
73.2
72.3
34.9
472.0
1.5
17.7
1.0
0.0
130.4
175.3
30.6
58.6
20.6
22.3
439.8
132.4
713.3
217.3
0.5
0.0
0.5
9.5
1.7
0.0
2.0
0.0
NA
45.5
0.0
NA
NA
105.8
36.7
0.0
2000
14,015.0
3,977.5
5,636.5
95.0
122.1
37.7
5.0
75.2
63.2
6.0
74.2
1,355.3
1,025.8
69.9
95.4
49.8
564.4
2.5
10.5
0.0
0.0
178.2
187.8
49.1
61.9
27.4
28.3
510.1
137.6
803.9
253.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
21.0
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
NA
59.2
0.0
NA
NA
116.5
40.0
0.0
2001
14,127.0
3,645.2
5,731.0
120.6
118.6
35.5
8.0
106.9
73.4
6.3
70.4
1,369.0
936.1
96.0
97.7
42.0
638.3
2.5
8.3
1.5
0.5
162.9
226.9
73.4
74.4
35.4
28.6
528.7
130.0
739.0
289.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.4
4.1
0.0
1.0
0.0
NA
67.9
0.0
NA
NA
118.3
54.3
0.0
2002
13,625.0
3,455.3
5,522.6
120.6
120.1
31.2
2.5
76.2
64.1
3.8
67.7
1,381.5
888.1
82.5
82.3
32.6
640.3
0.0
10.3
0.0
0.0
140.0
199.0
78.7
81.1
27.9
65.5
495.3
130.2
701.2
265.5
1.0
0.0
1.0
15.2
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
43.4
0.0
NA
NA
130.1
47.5
0.3
2003
14,518.0
3,690.1
5,836.5
127.7
145.4
28.1
7.8
79.1
78.6
4.0
72.5
1,360.3
930.8
94.8
100.0
34.0
660.8
0.5
30.0
1.8
1.0
189.7
224.0
82.2
73.2
17.7
38.0
550.1
146.1
758.3
271.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
9.2
3.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
NA
51.7
0.0
NA
NA
127.5
57.0
0.0
2004
14,802.0
3,691.0
5,782.9
114.3
175.1
33.2
10.5
85.4
74.7
4.5
73.0
1,335.6
959.0
100.0
81.6
42.4
652.0
0.3
11.6
2.8
0.0
154.1
227.6
76.2
68.9
25.7
49.2
565.5
159.8
699.8
329.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
17.2
2.1
0.0
2.0
0.0
NA
63.7
0.0
NA
NA
134.9
88.7
0.0
2005
14,923.0
3,782.6
5,815.4
124.7
157.4
33.0
8.8
78.6
80.6
8.0
61.4
1,367.1
937.3
113.5
106.4
42.5
665.5
1.0
5.2
0.0
0.0
161.2
211.8
98.8
68.3
23.8
50.6
533.9
155.7
720.2
362.7
0.0
0.0
1.5
20.7
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.3
NA
50.6
0.0
NA
38.9
154.5
94.4
0.0
2006
16,507.0
4,031.2
6,413.8
159.2
174.0
30.2
11.8
105.5
78.2
5.7
88.9
1,409.9
989.0
117.4
110.3
61.4
755.7
0.0
9.0
0.5
0.5
163.3
207.6
102.8
79.0
22.7
46.7
617.4
179.9
887.0
426.7
0.3
0.0
4.0
28.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
72.4
0.0
19.5
20.4
148.3
129.9
0.0
2007
17,415.0
4,085.3
6,737.0
157.8
184.3
31.0
9.6
124.0
63.0
11.3
90.7
1,388.4
1,071.0
96.2
88.9
49.3
793.0
2.3
43.9
4.2
2.0
161.7
277.7
105.0
114.2
36.8
82.5
675.6
171.5
901.1
476.1
0.5
0.0
3.5
24.8
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
79.2
0.0
54.2
NA
161.5
146.3
0.0
2008
18,156.0
4,186.8
6,715.6
158.2
211.8
33.1
18.5
135.5
52.9
8.8
87.2
1,393.8
1,031.9
101.7
128.0
48.0
774.4
0.0
10.0
8.8
2.2
181.4
296.8
110.9
104.0
34.2
62.8
683.3
164.4
872.8
482.4
0.0
0.0
3.2
32.1
5.7
0.0
1.5
0.0
1.0
88.1
0.0
53.2
NA
148.1
149.4
0.0
2009
19,214.0
4,190.5
7,200.5
159.0
184.7
29.0
16.3
138.3
68.3
6.0
81.8
1,546.0
1,102.7
124.6
118.8
54.4
878.5
1.0
11.1
5.4
2.5
166.4
329.2
159.8
141.3
30.8
69.7
704.6
164.3
905.8
532.5
0.0
0.0
1.7
29.9
6.1
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.8
93.6
0.0
63.3
NA
172.3
163.2
0.0
Appendix table 5-35

Yugoslavia
Other former USSR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Laos
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
1995
5.5
393.5
4.5
4.3
12.4
7.3
1.8
0.0
1.0
322.5
0.0
1.5
35.8
2.3
886.9
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
295.3
89.6
1.0
313.4
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
1.5
48.2
49.2
0.0
61.7
0.5
22.3
241.4
4.5
1.8
13.7
3.5
0.0
179.4
2.5
1996
12.4
339.3
8.0
0.5
7.7
4.7
0.0
0.0
3.5
274.4
1.0
0.0
36.6
2.8
1,143.6
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
363.8
104.2
0.0
412.6
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.3
0.0
48.2
74.4
0.0
109.9
1.0
21.6
272.8
4.8
2.0
8.7
8.0
2.0
198.1
1.0
1997
22.5
363.2
0.7
2.3
10.7
4.8
3.3
0.0
4.5
294.5
0.0
0.0
37.7
4.8
1,341.7
0.0
1.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
458.4
126.4
0.0
464.2
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
3.5
47.7
95.5
0.0
113.2
0.5
26.5
324.3
4.5
1.0
9.7
14.8
1.0
212.3
4.1
1998
14.1
380.9
6.5
0.0
13.0
4.2
5.5
0.0
5.5
297.3
1.0
0.0
45.5
2.5
1,359.5
0.0
2.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
483.4
114.8
0.3
437.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
1.0
47.2
122.0
0.5
130.4
0.5
15.5
333.1
3.5
1.5
15.3
16.5
0.0
225.0
0.5
1999
15.1
404.1
3.3
2.5
16.0
9.6
3.0
0.0
1.0
302.7
0.5
0.0
61.4
4.0
1,596.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
555.7
134.4
0.0
561.1
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
1.0
58.9
135.4
1.5
124.4
2.2
12.5
366.0
8.0
0.3
8.1
26.8
0.5
232.7
2.0
2000
13.1
561.8
4.5
3.5
14.8
10.4
2.8
0.0
2.0
458.3
1.0
0.0
58.1
6.5
2,009.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
2.5
0.5
0.0
712.4
156.0
0.0
664.5
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.0
4.5
72.2
181.4
1.5
174.6
5.0
26.7
396.3
6.5
2.0
14.0
23.2
0.0
255.7
2.3
2001
23.3
688.5
1.5
5.3
18.3
11.5
9.3
1.0
1.5
563.5
4.0
0.0
68.7
3.8
2,181.8
0.0
0.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
817.5
131.3
0.5
761.8
0.0
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.8
3.0
86.3
186.8
0.0
156.5
3.8
24.2
439.7
12.2
0.0
11.0
40.7
2.0
246.7
2.0
2002
24.4
643.3
10.1
3.8
9.5
9.0
4.3
0.0
0.3
539.0
7.5
0.0
55.2
4.6
2,109.6
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
856.1
148.3
1.5
626.1
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
3.2
3.3
94.2
193.6
0.0
152.1
4.5
19.9
432.4
12.2
0.0
12.1
33.3
0.5
255.0
4.8
2003
21.1
618.4
6.3
4.0
12.4
9.7
9.8
0.0
0.8
508.8
3.0
0.0
60.2
3.3
2,433.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
1,037.7
153.7
1.6
721.5
0.0
5.7
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
5.5
93.0
229.8
0.5
145.3
7.2
27.2
443.0
15.0
1.5
17.7
39.6
0.5
243.3
6.0
2004
21.3
652.6
8.0
5.5
12.8
13.7
6.0
2.0
1.0
537.2
5.5
0.0
58.3
2.7
2,583.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1,193.7
170.3
0.8
700.7
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.3
2.0
1.3
84.9
228.7
0.1
165.1
8.7
22.7
445.2
12.8
0.7
17.5
57.2
1.0
233.3
8.5
2005
NA
652.6
2.0
6.0
14.3
12.2
6.0
0.0
2.0
533.4
7.8
0.0
64.4
4.5
2,508.3
0.0
1.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
1,203.3
153.8
1.6
616.8
0.0
5.3
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
8.0
2.5
77.8
239.3
0.0
153.7
9.6
31.7
488.3
14.8
1.0
26.3
71.8
0.5
246.4
5.2
2006
NA
616.7
9.2
8.3
15.2
14.3
7.0
0.0
1.8
473.3
4.5
0.0
77.2
5.8
3,035.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1,507.3
179.0
2.5
707.6
0.0
6.8
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
10.9
2.6
92.5
273.2
0.8
207.0
18.2
24.8
537.3
16.4
1.5
24.9
84.5
1.5
274.1
6.0
2007
NA
620.9
8.3
12.3
15.9
13.2
6.9
1.0
2.5
480.7
1.0
0.3
72.2
6.4
3,462.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
1,858.2
207.4
2.3
705.5
0.0
8.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.8
2.2
101.2
305.5
1.3
204.5
17.8
35.2
582.8
23.2
0.0
27.1
129.3
0.0
255.6
10.0
2008
NA
632.5
7.0
8.7
10.3
17.4
7.0
0.0
1.0
509.8
0.0
0.0
67.9
3.3
3,922.7
0.0
0.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
2,169.6
202.4
3.8
771.8
0.0
8.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.6
6.0
89.4
309.3
0.3
271.2
18.2
50.1
687.8
28.4
2.5
33.1
161.7
1.5
303.0
18.3
2009
NA
656.1
12.5
12.3
11.5
17.3
5.3
1.0
1.5
515.1
2.0
0.0
68.9
8.7
4,261.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
2,400.5
250.0
2.7
792.5
0.0
21.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
21.6
1.8
73.8
332.3
1.3
270.5
29.1
60.9
698.4
33.5
0.5
24.0
186.9
0.5
278.6
7.7
Appendix table 5-35

Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
1995
2.0
2.0
0.0
12.8
2.0
0.0
8.5
0.5
6.3
0.5
1.3
175.7
0.0
17.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
82.0
18.6
4.8
1.5
5.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
24.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.5
15.8
0.0
1996
2.0
2.5
0.0
21.2
1.0
0.0
11.3
0.0
7.7
2.5
0.0
179.0
0.0
29.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
81.3
19.7
1.8
0.5
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.7
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
11.5
0.0
1997
11.2
3.8
0.5
21.2
2.3
0.0
21.3
0.0
15.6
0.0
1.0
243.4
0.0
32.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
105.7
33.7
2.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
40.7
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.6
18.9
0.0
1998
7.3
3.5
0.0
20.2
1.5
0.0
14.0
0.0
21.8
2.0
0.5
229.4
0.0
20.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
114.8
33.5
3.3
1.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
35.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.0
11.7
0.0
1999
7.5
4.0
0.0
32.7
2.5
0.0
13.5
0.0
25.9
0.0
1.5
285.8
0.0
45.2
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
126.3
31.1
3.7
1.7
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
53.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.8
15.2
0.0
2000
10.2
3.0
0.0
31.2
3.5
0.0
14.2
0.0
27.7
2.8
0.0
353.3
0.0
59.2
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
160.3
35.1
5.7
0.5
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
55.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.2
25.3
0.0
2001
6.8
6.0
0.0
48.7
1.5
0.0
20.5
0.0
38.3
3.0
0.3
388.0
0.0
59.8
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
179.2
37.5
9.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
68.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.5
23.7
0.0
2002
5.8
3.0
0.0
31.2
3.8
0.0
21.2
0.0
37.0
10.9
1.5
421.9
0.0
62.3
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
197.8
49.4
7.3
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
72.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.0
19.5
0.0
2003
4.8
8.6
0.5
41.3
3.8
0.0
17.8
0.0
32.4
10.1
0.0
416.6
0.0
51.1
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
193.5
58.4
8.7
1.5
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
74.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.5
15.4
0.0
2004
7.1
7.0
0.0
33.3
2.2
1.0
13.2
0.0
32.7
17.7
0.0
432.0
0.0
58.8
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
194.3
59.6
5.2
0.0
2.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
88.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.5
18.3
0.0
2005
3.2
3.5
0.0
35.2
4.3
0.0
20.7
0.0
44.2
11.2
0.0
439.1
0.0
53.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
204.2
52.5
6.2
1.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
92.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
17.7
0.0
2006
6.6
1.6
0.5
38.2
5.0
0.0
21.3
0.5
43.3
10.3
1.0
490.8
0.0
73.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
221.4
76.5
12.6
1.5
5.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
80.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.3
12.2
0.0
2007
3.2
6.8
0.8
32.7
4.3
0.5
29.0
0.0
48.8
10.6
1.0
498.1
0.0
73.4
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.3
230.3
77.6
11.2
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
82.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.3
11.9
0.0
2008
5.0
8.5
0.0
31.0
7.8
0.5
34.7
0.0
45.8
5.3
0.5
566.0
0.0
85.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
253.8
74.7
9.9
1.8
6.7
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
106.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.9
16.5
0.0
2009
6.4
3.1
3.0
37.7
7.3
2.1
37.9
0.0
60.0
8.2
1.0
578.1
0.0
76.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
289.4
95.1
16.1
0.5
2.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
74.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
11.3
6.5
0.0
Appendix table 5-35

Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cte dIvoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
1995
40.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
28.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1996
34.4
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
24.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1997
37.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
25.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1998
47.7
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
34.8
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
1999
65.7
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
52.7
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
2000
58.0
0.0
0.0
3.3
0.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
43.9
1.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
2001
61.6
0.0
1.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
7.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
40.6
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2002
58.2
0.0
1.3
4.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
42.2
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.0
2003
53.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
37.6
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.8
0.0
2004
48.0
0.0
1.0
3.0
0.0
1.0
2.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
33.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
2005
56.9
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
1.0
4.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.5
2.8
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
37.7
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.0
2006
63.3
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.3
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
1.5
1.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
44.7
0.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
2007
88.4
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.5
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
67.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2008
80.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.3
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
53.1
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
2009
89.0
0.0
1.0
1.5
1.3
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
65.4
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.3
Appendix table 5-35

Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other
Australia
Canada
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Western Samoa
1995
0.0
2.0
625.4
184.2
411.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
29.1
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1996
0.0
0.5
718.8
227.4
457.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
33.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1997
0.0
1.0
696.4
244.4
411.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
40.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1998
0.0
0.0
652.8
223.1
385.6
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
43.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1999
1.0
0.0
703.3
241.0
424.9
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
35.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2000
0.0
0.5
769.4
277.7
442.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
48.1
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2001
0.0
0.5
702.0
242.3
408.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
51.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2002
0.0
0.5
716.1
222.1
435.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
57.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2003
0.0
0.3
756.0
218.0
491.1
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
45.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2004
0.0
0.5
836.4
257.3
529.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
48.6
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2005
0.0
0.0
817.2
239.0
532.4
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
45.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2006
0.0
0.0
892.2
242.8
592.9
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
56.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2007
0.0
1.3
864.2
239.8
576.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
47.3
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2008
0.0
0.0
882.1
243.8
597.1
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
40.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

2009
0.0
0.8
1,007.9
269.6
684.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
53.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Appendix table 5-36

S&E articles in medical sciences, by region/country/economy: 19952009
World
United States
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Albania
Andorra
Croatia
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Macedonia
Monaco
Montenegro
Norway
San Marino
Serbia
Switzerland
Turkey
Vatican City
1995
135,648.0
51,658.6
50,904.2
1,187.7
1,463.7
64.4
4.4
170.2
1,553.4
23.5
1,582.7
6,356.7
8,781.0
533.2
267.7
356.2
5,322.8
5.2
7.3
6.4
4.3
3,804.4
391.4
139.2
19.6
160.5
55.8
2,388.7
3,241.1
13,012.9
3,879.1
2.0
0.0
1.0
105.2
59.4
1.5
2.0
6.5
NA
1,014.9
0.0
NA
NA
2,019.6
580.2
0.0
1996
140,884.0
51,810.8
53,586.2
1,283.2
1,525.0
72.1
4.4
188.3
1,532.7
36.5
1,638.3
6,442.1
9,373.2
581.7
260.8
363.5
5,943.0
4.4
14.5
6.4
3.0
3,964.0
418.1
133.8
19.0
124.4
57.3
2,709.2
3,368.4
13,519.0
4,110.7
2.5
0.0
1.5
110.4
59.1
0.3
8.1
2.8
NA
953.0
0.5
NA
NA
2,064.6
817.4
0.0
1997
144,819.0
52,196.9
55,648.5
1,437.3
1,560.6
67.1
5.1
227.6
1,521.1
31.2
1,753.4
6,664.7
10,377.3
645.8
333.4
426.7
5,924.7
5.4
12.0
15.4
7.8
4,093.0
441.8
179.8
31.4
112.6
91.4
2,761.8
3,510.4
13,409.6
4,314.0
4.8
0.0
1.3
115.1
45.8
0.0
5.7
2.9
NA
905.3
0.8
NA
NA
2,188.7
951.4
0.0
1998
148,378.0
52,146.9
57,256.2
1,611.9
1,738.2
90.8
8.5
213.6
1,509.7
47.0
1,577.1
7,143.4
10,855.2
700.1
391.6
398.2
6,180.6
7.3
17.1
5.8
6.6
4,129.2
477.7
166.7
27.1
107.5
91.1
3,051.3
3,390.8
13,312.1
4,557.5
1.6
0.0
1.0
114.9
57.1
0.1
2.4
3.3
NA
937.1
0.5
NA
NA
2,280.6
1,073.5
0.0
1999
149,672.0
52,106.6
57,312.0
1,556.2
1,602.3
63.8
2.6
211.4
1,574.2
42.6
1,715.7
6,894.6
11,102.7
699.6
377.5
368.2
6,081.7
7.6
19.8
6.8
12.1
3,953.0
504.2
222.5
22.8
115.7
104.9
2,989.7
3,365.1
13,694.8
4,779.3
3.0
0.2
3.7
120.7
46.8
1.5
5.1
0.8
NA
937.6
0.1
NA
NA
2,281.5
1,294.3
0.0
2000
154,835.0
53,042.3
59,425.8
1,693.9
1,632.3
69.2
9.3
275.3
1,504.7
40.9
1,733.6
6,967.0
11,805.5
790.8
479.2
433.9
6,305.4
8.2
27.7
15.5
9.0
4,062.1
528.8
178.7
34.4
108.3
155.2
3,260.1
3,302.6
13,994.2
5,117.4
0.0
0.0
0.5
126.1
41.9
0.0
7.2
1.4
NA
954.2
0.0
NA
NA
2,510.6
1,417.6
0.1
2001
152,922.0
52,592.2
58,477.0
1,638.6
1,627.5
76.5
8.6
289.9
1,466.0
45.1
1,650.5
6,747.5
11,558.7
900.6
550.8
428.5
6,655.2
11.7
17.3
12.0
8.2
3,961.4
596.3
189.5
25.7
99.7
146.6
3,088.9
3,200.7
13,474.8
5,058.9
0.9
0.0
4.8
131.7
51.4
0.0
8.2
3.6
NA
926.2
0.0
NA
NA
2,188.9
1,663.8
0.0
2002
153,483.0
52,894.8
57,678.7
1,709.6
1,623.4
63.3
12.7
281.6
1,453.7
33.9
1,601.0
6,572.4
11,588.3
886.0
458.4
418.5
6,482.0
7.8
20.4
14.1
5.8
4,044.7
638.2
208.0
24.0
76.8
135.8
3,144.1
3,127.5
13,046.6
5,411.5
2.3
0.0
2.3
132.9
59.5
0.0
8.7
2.8
NA
870.4
0.0
NA
NA
2,174.6
2,094.4
0.0
2003
158,517.0
54,935.8
58,866.2
1,755.6
1,664.9
65.4
12.8
334.3
1,565.9
45.6
1,563.6
6,611.7
11,552.1
1,012.3
502.6
442.8
6,989.2
5.8
24.2
5.4
10.4
4,300.9
682.8
215.0
18.5
97.3
154.1
3,086.1
3,033.0
13,113.7
5,725.0
2.0
0.0
6.2
135.6
57.1
1.0
10.7
7.1
NA
901.4
0.0
NA
NA
2,160.3
2,366.5
0.0
2004
162,570.0
56,152.4
59,426.6
1,657.2
1,682.8
76.4
9.8
348.3
1,547.0
45.9
1,587.6
5,952.7
11,725.3
1,150.4
491.6
506.2
7,121.9
7.7
31.8
11.6
6.3
4,561.8
704.6
262.6
35.7
101.6
168.0
3,269.3
2,947.2
13,415.5
6,414.8
2.4
0.7
1.8
155.1
50.3
0.2
4.5
7.1
NA
934.3
0.0
NA
NA
2,342.4
2,807.0
0.2
2005
167,524.0
57,221.3
60,835.6
1,604.8
1,673.1
81.1
11.8
380.2
1,608.5
48.1
1,526.8
6,201.6
11,903.7
1,325.3
541.7
470.6
7,161.0
8.4
38.4
15.3
7.8
4,880.0
768.9
264.1
30.7
103.2
149.8
3,485.7
3,163.9
13,381.0
6,948.1
1.3
0.3
3.3
141.7
57.4
4.8
4.7
5.8
NA
1,084.8
0.0
NA
121.4
2,364.8
3,157.8
0.0
2006
171,800.0
57,874.3
62,204.3
1,574.9
1,762.9
75.0
16.6
471.8
1,655.1
57.2
1,552.1
6,157.0
12,033.9
1,431.0
535.2
546.7
7,560.4
7.5
45.7
10.5
3.7
5,110.2
859.3
318.8
49.1
121.5
201.0
3,693.5
3,059.1
13,294.5
6,993.9
2.1
0.6
4.1
162.1
71.2
3.8
5.8
4.5
0.6
1,070.2
0.0
65.6
64.2
2,533.5
3,005.8
0.0
2007
174,390.0
58,323.1
62,094.5
1,596.2
1,805.2
72.1
8.7
484.1
1,713.9
63.4
1,462.1
6,078.3
11,890.6
1,462.9
506.5
559.4
7,635.9
11.5
36.5
19.2
6.4
5,126.3
846.2
311.7
70.9
98.6
146.3
3,823.6
3,059.4
13,198.4
7,105.2
1.6
2.2
20.7
180.2
55.3
3.0
6.8
2.3
0.3
1,106.1
1.1
157.8
NA
2,541.3
3,026.5
0.0
2008
178,420.0
59,717.9
61,904.4
1,500.0
1,821.9
88.6
10.7
489.8
1,728.8
59.9
1,474.8
6,153.7
11,743.8
1,402.8
532.4
605.1
7,684.7
12.0
39.9
17.2
12.6
5,227.7
824.9
391.4
55.2
103.7
206.0
4,047.0
2,892.4
12,777.3
7,039.0
3.8
0.1
10.9
199.9
49.4
7.3
4.8
4.6
0.9
1,231.8
0.0
178.3
NA
2,542.5
2,804.7
0.0
2009
179,021.0
58,663.7
61,773.6
1,479.5
1,844.0
70.0
21.2
480.0
1,746.1
65.7
1,407.8
6,099.5
11,779.0
1,369.8
499.3
613.9
7,698.3
9.9
36.1
25.6
8.9
5,375.6
904.4
444.3
87.1
141.6
186.9
3,902.7
2,959.3
12,517.5
6,929.2
1.3
0.0
14.6
164.3
64.3
3.1
10.1
5.9
2.3
1,271.7
0.0
191.6
NA
2,599.9
2,599.7
0.3
Appendix table 5-36

Yugoslavia
Other former USSR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Laos
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
1995
86.6
807.3
3.3
1.5
12.0
7.8
0.0
1.5
1.0
701.3
0.0
0.0
76.6
2.4
13,907.4
0.0
40.7
1.3
1.0
4.9
2.2
852.6
930.2
25.3
10,366.4
0.8
64.7
0.0
0.0
12.1
0.0
54.2
12.1
187.2
333.5
11.9
897.9
101.3
7.0
2,418.1
10.8
2.0
202.7
39.5
8.3
1,658.9
31.3
1996
90.4
817.2
7.3
1.5
18.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
707.0
0.0
0.0
74.3
6.0
15,462.9
0.0
24.4
0.0
0.0
2.1
0.0
1,034.2
994.6
24.6
11,332.6
0.5
60.0
0.0
0.3
10.4
0.0
49.4
14.6
175.2
426.7
14.0
1,158.1
125.7
15.5
2,513.0
10.1
1.5
190.0
50.2
6.0
1,708.0
35.0
1997
92.2
752.5
5.2
1.3
14.9
4.0
2.3
2.0
0.5
644.9
0.0
0.0
73.3
4.0
16,346.0
0.0
28.9
0.0
2.1
3.2
1.2
1,164.1
1,018.7
28.5
11,795.6
0.0
57.1
0.0
1.4
10.3
0.0
50.3
15.4
223.0
559.5
14.9
1,218.5
135.6
17.8
2,524.1
4.9
7.2
199.0
47.6
9.2
1,719.9
39.5
1998
85.3
702.8
3.5
2.7
11.8
8.6
4.2
0.0
0.0
594.6
0.9
0.0
72.2
4.3
17,922.7
0.2
24.4
0.0
2.3
1.0
0.6
1,326.2
1,133.0
19.8
12,743.8
1.0
65.3
0.3
1.7
14.6
0.0
52.8
13.9
247.6
731.9
19.9
1,346.8
162.6
12.9
2,487.3
9.5
5.5
187.6
68.0
3.0
1,642.5
45.8
1999
84.1
643.2
6.3
3.8
15.9
10.1
1.1
0.8
4.5
522.9
0.0
0.0
76.8
1.0
18,330.4
0.0
25.8
0.0
4.5
5.5
2.9
1,359.2
1,112.6
25.6
12,747.0
0.0
85.5
0.0
1.7
15.3
0.0
44.4
14.8
271.5
982.0
20.8
1,422.5
172.8
16.0
2,534.9
9.7
5.3
212.7
74.4
6.0
1,649.9
49.5
2000
57.8
645.6
8.5
2.9
25.3
4.3
2.4
0.0
0.3
541.6
0.5
1.2
57.9
0.7
19,704.9
0.0
24.8
0.0
2.0
1.7
2.3
1,570.5
1,219.5
26.8
13,355.0
0.8
77.8
0.0
2.2
17.2
0.0
46.3
15.0
332.0
1,294.8
29.3
1,474.6
188.9
23.5
2,594.1
8.9
4.0
191.3
103.4
4.2
1,736.3
41.7
2001
79.4
626.1
11.5
0.7
16.2
9.4
2.8
1.3
0.2
505.7
0.0
0.5
73.8
4.0
19,686.9
0.0
36.6
0.0
0.0
2.5
1.3
1,753.1
1,181.0
33.3
12,890.4
1.4
72.6
0.0
2.8
13.3
0.0
36.2
14.9
312.4
1,515.0
18.0
1,594.4
193.9
13.9
2,688.2
8.0
3.6
216.2
121.5
8.0
1,755.9
33.6
2002
63.7
623.5
6.7
1.1
15.5
13.4
2.3
1.6
0.7
517.5
1.0
0.5
61.1
2.2
20,092.5
0.0
22.0
0.5
1.0
2.6
6.6
2,049.6
1,275.8
29.8
12,682.2
1.4
55.6
0.0
2.6
14.1
0.0
53.8
25.0
339.8
1,515.3
27.4
1,757.8
210.6
18.8
2,621.9
6.5
2.7
192.7
159.2
3.7
1,759.9
38.6
2003
76.9
586.7
5.9
1.2
13.2
6.2
4.3
0.3
3.2
491.4
0.3
0.0
56.1
4.5
20,854.1
0.7
24.5
0.0
3.0
0.8
2.3
2,402.5
1,381.9
20.3
12,465.4
2.9
75.8
1.0
3.1
22.8
0.0
54.6
29.8
389.6
1,745.5
25.2
1,928.0
247.5
26.7
2,815.4
8.9
2.8
236.1
179.7
5.3
1,847.0
41.3
2004
108.9
592.1
9.3
0.3
20.5
22.3
2.6
0.2
2.3
472.6
0.3
0.0
59.1
2.5
21,680.4
2.8
27.6
0.0
2.4
3.8
10.7
2,814.4
1,407.8
18.5
12,309.0
4.2
64.0
1.0
3.3
27.6
0.7
64.9
25.3
464.7
1,970.2
24.5
2,173.4
227.3
32.2
2,847.3
8.6
2.1
236.9
205.7
3.3
1,873.0
45.3
2005
NA
680.2
6.7
0.1
19.7
19.9
1.9
0.7
4.7
566.3
0.0
0.0
54.9
5.1
22,642.7
1.8
27.1
0.0
1.2
1.6
7.5
3,194.3
1,636.6
29.9
11,946.6
2.0
85.0
0.0
4.4
21.2
0.0
61.4
32.8
447.7
2,591.0
27.8
2,245.8
237.1
39.9
2,989.7
4.9
5.3
243.2
291.0
8.2
1,836.7
50.6
2006
NA
632.9
7.3
4.1
20.6
21.0
6.6
1.2
2.1
528.5
0.3
0.0
40.1
1.2
23,461.5
1.3
33.8
2.5
3.8
7.3
10.5
3,970.2
1,799.7
38.1
11,256.0
6.5
77.0
2.0
5.6
31.8
0.6
69.8
26.4
451.0
2,900.0
31.1
2,379.2
320.5
36.9
3,228.6
11.7
7.8
263.1
459.2
20.7
1,817.4
52.1
2007
NA
647.0
5.9
0.3
15.1
8.9
2.5
1.7
1.0
576.4
1.2
0.0
29.3
4.8
24,641.4
2.3
36.1
0.0
1.8
3.6
10.4
4,771.0
1,825.2
26.0
11,250.7
6.6
96.9
0.0
2.7
29.0
0.0
77.8
33.4
447.4
3,259.4
33.7
2,394.2
297.0
36.0
3,320.6
12.7
7.3
277.6
618.7
17.2
1,763.9
59.1
2008
NA
651.1
6.9
3.7
21.0
7.4
1.2
0.8
3.1
568.8
0.3
0.0
35.1
2.9
26,540.2
3.7
43.9
0.0
3.6
4.1
7.9
5,992.1
2,010.2
30.0
11,041.5
6.7
116.5
0.0
4.6
21.4
1.0
97.3
27.5
477.1
3,783.7
38.8
2,445.4
333.8
49.4
3,359.0
12.3
6.6
330.7
671.2
22.8
1,590.5
71.0
2009
NA
653.9
4.9
0.3
16.2
7.3
3.7
2.8
1.1
582.1
0.0 *
0.0
32.8
2.6
28,356.0
4.7
40.6
1.4
1.4
3.2
9.5
7,428.6
2,150.4
34.6
10,665.8
3.6
137.6
0.8
9.2
21.2
0.2
107.2
32.3
502.9
4,226.9
44.9
2,533.7
357.4
37.9
3,438.7
20.8
7.1
384.2
714.3
17.0
1,601.6
66.9
Appendix table 5-36

Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
1995
34.9
16.8
7.4
48.5
16.3
9.5
258.4
4.5
27.0
39.8
1.6
1,715.3
0.0
371.2
0.0
4.1
1.1
6.2
587.4
251.4
27.6
10.4
17.0
0.0
2.0
11.2
0.2
1.0
6.6
1.0
1.3
1.5
15.9
275.9
1.8
1.8
2.1
17.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
8.0
28.6
61.5
0.3
1996
43.3
18.4
7.3
31.9
21.0
11.3
281.8
3.6
36.7
55.8
1.3
1,903.7
0.0
394.3
0.1
1.7
1.1
6.3
658.5
286.5
37.2
11.7
32.8
0.0
4.0
12.4
1.7
0.0
5.9
0.3
0.8
1.0
16.7
316.3
3.2
2.8
1.4
15.1
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.4
8.4
31.1
51.1
0.0
1997
45.2
36.6
4.4
33.9
20.2
5.0
238.9
7.0
44.6
59.6
1.6
2,124.1
0.0
465.0
0.0
3.7
1.2
9.1
793.7
271.3
32.2
5.6
21.5
0.0
1.6
19.7
0.0
0.0
4.6
1.0
1.5
2.6
13.1
327.7
3.5
1.6
2.1
23.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.3
41.3
68.6
0.5
1998
50.4
36.9
4.9
30.0
21.8
10.0
251.5
4.0
36.8
76.4
2.5
2,364.5
0.0
463.9
0.0
0.3
0.6
9.7
932.9
287.6
49.7
7.7
33.1
1.5
2.5
9.8
0.0
0.0
3.6
0.0
1.9
4.2
11.7
390.8
2.2
2.9
3.5
22.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
10.5
39.5
71.2
0.0
1999
66.7
58.5
4.2
45.6
29.3
6.5
213.9
15.2
38.7
46.4
2.5
2,616.3
0.0
526.5
0.0
2.9
0.7
13.0
996.9
302.9
48.2
10.1
40.2
0.0
3.2
10.9
1.1
0.9
6.7
1.9
0.3
5.1
14.1
476.5
2.6
2.9
1.8
24.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
13.6
34.3
71.7
2.4
2000
55.3
55.7
5.2
50.1
28.9
5.2
203.9
4.3
45.8
49.7
0.3
2,869.1
0.0
564.7
0.3
1.7
0.0
5.0
1,170.8
312.1
57.3
6.0
34.8
0.1
3.5
10.6
2.8
0.3
3.0
1.3
3.1
1.3
5.2
508.3
5.1
3.6
2.1
27.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.0
11.6
43.3
79.5
3.1
2001
63.9
69.3
4.1
42.4
35.5
6.5
177.8
11.8
67.6
61.3
1.3
2,904.0
0.0
547.7
0.3
1.7
0.6
8.6
1,259.3
301.6
65.5
12.4
35.9
2.0
2.5
6.5
2.6
0.0
5.3
0.5
2.3
1.8
18.9
478.1
2.0
5.5
1.8
24.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.0
12.2
23.3
79.2
0.7
2002
61.9
60.2
4.7
45.7
29.3
2.8
167.0
5.5
42.2
37.0
2.3
3,142.0
0.0
572.5
0.5
2.3
0.0
7.2
1,443.9
306.4
72.1
14.6
23.2
0.7
1.9
12.6
3.5
0.0
5.1
1.1
3.5
1.3
9.1
495.5
4.5
3.6
3.2
25.9
0.0
0.2
0.0
1.6
13.3
31.8
77.6
3.6
2003
70.7
79.3
5.4
49.3
21.1
5.9
131.2
9.2
85.1
36.3
0.9
3,263.2
0.0
461.4
1.0
3.9
0.0
4.5
1,658.5
328.6
57.6
11.2
39.1
1.0
1.7
14.5
0.7
0.6
7.8
0.3
1.2
2.2
8.8
487.8
2.2
2.8
1.7
31.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
15.6
29.4
81.1
4.8
2004
58.3
69.7
1.5
46.0
19.1
17.2
136.0
10.7
66.3
41.5
6.0
3,547.9
0.0
505.4
0.0
9.3
0.0
5.8
1,858.0
321.0
60.7
13.2
39.4
2.0
3.9
14.5
1.6
0.6
2.9
0.0
3.9
2.4
12.5
528.0
2.8
5.8
3.5
32.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
10.5
30.9
76.4
0.3
2005
54.8
94.1
1.6
50.0
20.8
15.3
171.9
9.1
90.1
41.1
0.9
3,825.3
0.2
479.1
0.2
5.2
0.0
5.3
2,122.7
358.4
79.3
16.2
28.8
0.0
3.6
10.5
2.2
1.2
10.1
1.1
2.9
3.9
15.7
496.7
2.8
6.6
2.0
40.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
8.4
38.3
79.9
2.7
2006
63.4
114.2
6.2
68.1
21.1
13.5
140.5
6.3
111.1
46.9
5.1
4,332.0
0.0
500.5
0.1
6.1
0.0
7.0
2,494.1
386.6
73.8
17.3
41.4
0.9
3.8
9.7
0.7
1.7
10.3
2.6
4.6
1.8
7.7
570.1
8.5
5.6
1.6
46.9
1.8
0.5
0.0
0.0
14.7
32.5
77.3
1.8
2007
56.1
100.5
3.4
59.7
24.8
14.0
143.9
11.6
108.7
39.1
2.4
4,802.3
0.5
494.8
0.3
6.1
0.5
10.0
2,996.0
368.7
101.5
16.7
34.1
0.3
4.0
14.4
1.0
1.5
8.9
1.0
3.2
3.7
14.9
548.4
2.1
7.3
6.5
37.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
18.7
30.7
65.4
2.9
2008
51.0
123.4
4.9
65.4
23.0
16.4
168.6
11.8
136.2
50.1
3.1
5,206.8
0.0
474.4
0.3
4.3
0.0
11.7
3,352.8
371.7
101.0
19.7
48.5
0.0
2.2
14.0
0.8
4.3
5.5
0.8
2.6
2.6
10.3
591.0
4.4
8.5
1.7
54.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
13.9
47.0
54.6
3.3
2009
45.0
99.4
10.8
65.7
23.0
17.2
152.7
14.9
145.5
45.6
7.1
5,027.4
0.0
542.1
0.7
4.3
1.0
8.8
3,130.5
403.3
105.8
21.1
40.0
0.3
3.5
12.7
1.3
4.6
8.5
0.2
2.9
2.9
15.0
545.9
6.0
6.2
4.5
49.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
14.4
30.7
54.1
6.2
Appendix table 5-36

Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cte dIvoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
1995
1,138.1
0.7
1.6
0.0
4.3
5.2
12.8
0.0
2.8
2.5
0.0
2.1
7.7
10.8
0.8
0.3
0.0
33.0
6.6
13.4
22.7
0.8
0.4
110.9
0.5
0.0
2.4
15.6
7.4
0.9
1.4
7.3
0.0
5.6
139.4
3.0
0.0
16.0
0.3
1.5
1.4
546.0
24.2
1.0
43.0
5.3
20.0
1996
1,119.5
0.0
1.9
3.7
3.2
4.0
16.0
0.2
1.7
1.4
0.0
0.9
3.8
8.8
0.2
0.5
0.0
40.7
4.2
9.7
25.7
1.1
1.7
116.7
0.0
0.0
6.4
26.6
8.7
0.8
0.8
4.2
3.5
3.1
113.5
1.7
0.0
22.6
0.7
4.8
0.5
510.3
26.2
1.8
48.4
2.3
30.0
1997
1,162.8
1.0
1.7
4.6
7.9
7.8
19.5
0.0
3.4
1.5
0.0
0.0
8.2
14.5
0.0
0.3
0.0
37.4
9.8
14.6
32.6
1.1
1.9
120.0
0.3
0.0
4.6
19.7
7.4
1.0
1.3
6.0
1.1
3.2
146.8
1.8
0.0
17.4
0.2
7.7
0.0
523.6
16.8
0.0
45.3
1.3
21.3
1998
1,083.0
0.0
4.8
8.4
9.3
0.8
19.8
0.2
4.8
1.7
0.0
5.5
2.7
13.4
0.4
0.0
0.7
26.8
7.1
9.9
26.5
0.0
0.4
116.3
0.3
1.3
2.8
13.3
7.6
0.0
1.1
2.2
4.3
5.6
126.5
3.2
0.3
23.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
497.2
20.9
0.0
36.6
4.4
26.8
1999
1,091.8
0.5
4.6
6.7
8.1
0.5
17.9
0.4
1.0
1.6
1.0
3.2
1.2
12.5
0.0
2.2
0.0
54.2
6.2
12.1
20.4
0.3
4.3
102.0
0.3
0.0
3.5
18.8
4.2
0.4
1.2
4.6
1.5
3.2
118.0
1.6
0.0
24.8
1.4
0.0
0.0
528.2
13.0
0.0
32.0
5.2
31.5
2000
1,043.4
1.1
1.3
11.1
8.2
0.2
15.1
0.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
2.9
2.4
13.3
0.0
0.3
0.3
48.9
6.3
15.4
33.7
0.5
2.0
87.1
0.5
0.0
4.3
26.5
2.8
0.7
0.9
2.3
0.3
5.0
120.7
1.0
0.5
24.5
2.5
0.8
0.0
456.3
10.0
0.0
45.4
8.7
33.4
2001
894.3
0.5
3.8
6.5
8.4
0.0
19.4
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.1
1.0
1.2
8.9
0.0
0.7
0.5
28.5
4.3
17.3
25.3
1.8
0.5
52.6
0.2
0.8
7.8
25.2
3.0
3.9
1.9
4.8
0.3
1.3
70.5
0.7
0.3
14.6
0.1
1.6
0.0
450.7
13.0
0.8
41.9
7.2
25.5
2002
872.7
1.5
4.0
6.0
10.5
0.8
27.2
0.0
2.5
2.3
0.0
3.3
1.2
7.7
0.5
0.3
0.4
29.5
4.3
11.0
24.9
2.0
3.8
48.6
0.1
0.7
6.3
24.9
5.7
2.6
0.3
3.2
2.4
0.8
75.4
1.2
0.5
11.1
0.7
0.2
0.8
430.2
17.7
0.1
32.9
2.4
32.1
2003
842.4
0.1
3.6
8.4
9.8
1.2
23.0
0.0
1.0
2.3
0.0
6.0
3.1
8.2
0.5
0.3
1.7
19.5
5.9
11.2
19.7
0.3
4.8
59.5
0.3
0.0
6.8
20.9
4.7
2.3
1.7
2.9
3.0
3.9
72.2
0.7
0.3
16.8
0.3
0.0
0.0
418.0
15.4
0.8
30.0
0.9
24.2
2004
896.3
1.0
3.5
5.7
12.0
1.1
24.3
0.0
1.8
1.0
0.3
4.0
2.9
9.9
0.0
0.8
1.0
40.2
3.5
12.8
28.8
1.2
2.8
72.0
0.0
0.3
3.7
23.7
5.0
0.8
1.2
5.2
0.8
3.3
88.6
2.3
0.3
11.4
0.5
0.5
0.3
403.5
14.7
0.7
36.6
1.6
28.5
2005
899.9
0.9
5.9
3.9
8.9
0.6
20.4
0.0
3.3
2.1
0.0
5.1
2.1
6.8
0.5
0.0
1.4
25.1
4.2
12.8
27.1
1.7
1.5
52.5
0.0
0.3
3.5
21.6
7.2
1.3
1.2
5.2
0.7
5.6
104.3
1.6
0.0
16.3
0.6
0.8
0.0
422.8
20.8
0.3
33.5
3.5
33.7
2006
986.7
0.9
5.6
6.8
16.2
0.3
25.2
0.0
3.1
2.8
0.0
6.7
2.6
8.3
0.1
0.5
1.3
33.5
4.2
10.5
27.3
5.7
2.6
53.4
0.5
0.0
4.8
19.9
7.9
1.2
0.6
6.8
1.7
3.8
108.6
5.9
0.0
12.3
0.5
0.6
0.7
457.5
11.4
0.0
45.6
1.5
45.3
2007
1,054.2
0.5
10.0
5.1
14.0
0.8
26.1
0.0
0.2
0.3
0.9
8.2
4.9
5.3
0.0
0.7
4.6
40.0
4.1
7.3
27.1
2.8
6.3
60.3
0.6
0.0
12.4
25.0
8.2
0.7
0.7
8.8
0.8
5.3
109.4
6.8
0.5
17.1
0.8
0.1
0.0
492.3
11.5
0.2
40.7
5.2
42.7
2008
1,049.7
1.4
8.8
5.1
19.1
0.4
20.1
0.0
2.8
1.1
0.3
4.9
4.6
6.8
0.0
0.0
1.4
48.7
2.9
7.3
18.9
0.2
2.2
62.9
0.6
0.1
9.8
19.0
4.9
0.0
0.7
10.6
1.1
3.0
125.5
3.6
0.0
12.1
0.5
0.3
0.0
517.8
17.9
0.9
34.0
3.1
35.7
2009
1,143.7
2.4
7.5
8.0
9.3
0.3
27.7
0.4
0.8
0.5
0.5
4.1
6.3
8.8
0.5
1.3
0.5
60.1
1.6
6.3
25.2
1.1
2.8
69.3
0.1
0.0
5.6
22.6
6.9
0.1
0.8
10.3
0.6
2.5
143.8
4.6
0.0
13.3
0.6
1.9
0.7
520.7
25.6
0.8
57.0
2.7
47.7
Appendix table 5-36

Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other
Australia
Canada
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Western Samoa
1995
19.5
36.7
9,220.0
3,279.8
5,314.8
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
605.5
0.0
0.0
17.1
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.3
1996
11.3
45.2
9,559.9
3,345.2
5,572.2
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
623.5
0.0
0.0
16.6
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1997
11.7
36.4
9,750.2
3,463.9
5,620.8
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
647.5
0.0
0.0
13.3
0.6
1.1
0.0
0.6
1.3
1998
13.5
31.1
9,857.2
3,570.1
5,610.5
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
662.1
0.0
0.0
12.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1999
10.8
26.8
10,257.6
3,614.6
5,925.7
1.1
0.0
0.2
1.0
0.0
702.3
0.0
0.0
12.0
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
2000
10.9
32.4
10,392.4
3,818.4
5,882.5
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
679.8
0.0
0.4
7.9
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
2001
9.9
26.0
9,994.5
3,667.3
5,666.5
2.5
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
645.2
0.0
0.0
10.3
1.0
0.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
2002
11.7
16.8
10,145.4
3,777.5
5,714.4
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
638.4
0.0
0.2
10.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.7
1.2
2003
6.1
19.9
10,628.2
3,941.5
6,104.9
2.4
0.0
0.5
0.4
0.0
571.3
0.0
0.3
3.4
1.0
0.7
0.0
1.8
0.0
2004
9.7
22.3
11,012.1
4,177.6
6,177.5
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
644.6
0.0
0.6
5.3
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
2005
10.2
18.7
11,481.3
4,225.2
6,579.4
1.8
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.0
664.2
0.0
0.0
7.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
2006
13.7
18.7
12,085.7
4,615.0
6,806.3
6.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
650.1
0.0
0.8
5.7
0.9
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
2007
15.3
19.4
12,401.7
4,712.6
6,984.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
693.9
0.1
0.3
8.4
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.8
0.1
2008
14.1
14.4
12,951.8
4,930.5
7,257.0
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
756.2
0.0
0.0
4.5
1.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
2009
16.5
12.9
13,034.7
4,960.1
7,356.0
1.5
0.0
0.6
0.9
0.0
711.3
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0

Appendix table 5-37

S&E articles in other life sciences, by region/country/economy: 19952009
World
United States
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Albania
Andorra
Croatia
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Macedonia
Monaco
Montenegro
Norway
San Marino
Serbia
Switzerland
Turkey
Vatican City
1995
3,787.0
2,281.0
842.7
0.8
9.5
1.5
0.0
2.0
8.1
0.0
26.2
34.7
34.2
3.3
0.0
5.8
15.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
68.1
3.5
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.2
74.7
540.7
26.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
16.8
0.0
NA
NA
7.4
0.0
0.0
1996
4,693.0
2,933.3
1,019.8
2.8
15.3
2.0
0.0
1.0
3.1
0.0
33.1
33.6
40.2
3.7
2.1
10.8
17.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
84.3
3.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
2.1
19.6
93.8
649.5
32.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
13.2
0.0
NA
NA
11.2
2.0
0.0
1997
4,892.0
2,921.5
1,138.1
1.3
18.5
1.8
0.0
0.5
8.6
0.3
41.9
57.0
36.1
5.1
4.7
11.0
22.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
101.2
2.5
1.2
0.0
0.0
5.5
17.9
98.4
700.3
44.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
1.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
NA
27.2
0.0
NA
NA
9.9
4.5
0.0
1998
4,962.0
2,982.4
1,154.1
2.0
23.2
0.0
0.5
0.8
17.3
0.0
60.0
39.6
40.6
7.6
0.0
16.8
29.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
104.6
0.5
1.1
0.5
0.0
3.0
27.2
98.3
679.5
41.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
NA
20.4
0.0
NA
NA
13.5
4.0
0.0
1999
5,089.0
3,053.6
1,136.7
5.7
16.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
5.1
0.0
50.3
45.3
28.0
5.0
0.3
11.0
19.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
116.1
0.8
0.4
0.0
0.0
2.0
33.0
116.5
681.9
47.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
31.4
0.0
NA
NA
9.0
3.7
0.0
2000
5,257.0
3,124.1
1,255.4
1.9
24.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.7
3.1
51.5
45.7
42.8
2.9
0.0
20.2
27.4
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.0
114.0
0.0
0.7
1.0
1.0
3.0
20.8
149.9
732.2
66.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
25.7
0.0
NA
NA
25.4
10.4
0.0
2001
5,171.0
2,925.4
1,292.9
4.3
22.9
1.0
0.0
0.0
14.0
2.2
56.7
35.1
50.4
8.4
1.6
16.4
30.5
0.0
0.3
0.2
2.0
116.7
2.1
1.6
0.0
0.0
2.4
37.9
167.3
719.0
64.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
28.9
0.0
NA
NA
18.0
12.7
0.0
2002
5,327.0
2,949.5
1,236.9
9.5
21.5
0.0
1.0
1.3
15.5
2.0
65.6
34.5
51.9
13.6
1.0
19.2
31.1
0.0
1.0
0.0
2.7
102.7
4.0
2.7
0.0
0.0
1.6
38.8
168.8
647.1
81.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
7.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
44.2
0.0
NA
NA
16.3
10.2
0.0
2003
5,552.0
2,954.6
1,362.9
10.9
33.7
1.5
0.1
0.0
18.9
3.5
73.0
54.6
63.9
7.7
2.5
18.3
35.2
0.5
0.5
0.0
1.0
130.4
1.5
3.5
0.0
0.0
2.3
36.4
172.6
690.2
118.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
51.8
0.0
NA
NA
28.4
31.7
0.0
2004
5,792.0
3,170.1
1,346.4
6.6
37.0
0.8
0.0
1.0
18.2
3.4
55.8
43.2
61.7
11.6
3.9
29.3
37.1
0.0
0.8
0.5
0.0
137.5
6.2
2.0
0.8
0.0
3.4
26.0
186.9
672.9
121.9
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.6
3.7
0.0
0.1
0.0
NA
45.4
0.0
NA
NA
22.6
46.7
1.5
2005
6,425.0
3,498.7
1,464.9
5.7
44.9
0.0
0.0
3.5
34.5
1.0
50.4
52.0
67.4
16.7
2.7
38.4
45.8
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.5
176.1
4.5
5.0
1.7
0.0
4.6
36.7
197.0
674.4
154.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
10.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
53.1
0.0
NA
1.0
36.0
52.5
0.0
2006
7,316.0
4,035.5
1,616.2
11.0
46.6
1.0
1.0
1.0
18.8
2.0
49.0
53.8
66.8
22.8
3.0
50.5
48.4
0.0
1.0
0.0
2.0
193.8
7.4
3.3
0.2
0.5
2.5
43.0
229.3
757.6
157.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.9
9.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
49.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
37.4
55.7
0.0
2007
8,704.0
4,118.2
2,149.3
5.2
56.1
0.5
3.0
5.4
31.7
4.0
78.9
71.5
104.7
17.2
27.3
64.7
94.0
3.8
4.4
0.0
1.0
193.8
17.7
8.0
29.2
0.1
22.0
69.5
281.8
953.7
206.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
3.5
6.7
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.3
62.8
0.0
2.2
NA
35.5
94.5
0.0
2008
9,766.0
4,572.4
2,376.6
12.9
64.1
2.0
2.2
3.4
43.9
3.0
87.4
81.7
133.9
38.2
6.0
75.0
110.0
0.0
0.4
0.1
4.0
238.8
10.0
11.5
19.5
0.1
8.5
93.3
310.5
1,016.0
336.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.1
20.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
143.6
0.0
4.0
NA
58.3
99.9
0.0
2009
9,420.0
4,576.0
2,278.1
11.9
79.7
1.0
2.2
2.5
52.9
7.0
93.6
70.2
123.2
31.1
4.8
82.1
101.3
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
294.6
14.5
6.6
0.5
2.8
10.3
71.7
291.4
920.4
280.6
0.0
0.0
1.8
7.4
13.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
102.2
0.0
3.8
NA
45.7
105.8
0.0
Appendix table 5-37

Yugoslavia
Other former USSR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Laos
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
1995
0.8
5.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
46.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
12.7
3.5
0.0
17.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
3.6
0.0
2.5
2.3
0.5
29.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25.5
0.0
1996
2.0
4.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
73.8
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21.0
7.0
1.5
18.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
2.5
11.2
1.0
7.9
0.0
1.5
44.2
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
34.7
1.0
1997
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
87.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
33.0
5.4
0.5
25.9
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
2.0
4.2
0.0
10.2
2.3
0.0
57.5
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
50.5
0.5
1998
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
97.7
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
37.5
6.3
1.3
28.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
4.7
5.2
0.0
10.0
2.2
0.3
49.9
0.5
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
41.8
1.5
1999
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
154.9
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
54.9
14.4
1.0
42.1
2.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
2.8
7.2
1.0
17.4
5.4
1.0
57.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
46.5
2.2
2000
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
130.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
47.1
9.7
1.0
26.2
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
4.5
8.6
0.0
25.1
4.6
1.4
59.9
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
49.7
4.0
2001
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
167.3
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
67.2
10.9
0.0
24.5
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
4.0
15.1
0.0
27.7
8.5
0.3
60.5
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
50.7
4.2
2002
1.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
239.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
84.3
13.7
0.7
52.2
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
2.4
0.8
8.5
16.9
0.5
52.4
5.6
0.5
68.8
0.0
0.0
0.7
1.3
0.0
57.2
4.8
2003
1.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
237.3
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
62.0
13.8
1.2
54.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.2
1.6
6.0
42.5
1.7
40.5
9.4
1.0
66.6
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
59.6
1.3
2004
1.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.0
278.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
81.4
23.9
2.0
53.7
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
1.4
1.3
8.2
25.5
1.8
65.0
10.5
0.8
86.5
0.0
0.5
1.8
4.3
0.0
67.7
4.2
2005
NA
4.6
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.3
316.2
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
74.8
27.1
2.9
52.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
3.1
2.3
7.5
39.9
0.5
84.8
15.9
1.7
76.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
1.0
59.6
8.2
2006
NA
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
335.4
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
88.5
27.4
2.0
67.6
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
2.0
3.2
5.7
40.3
2.0
79.3
11.3
1.2
89.3
0.0
0.0
0.5
16.0
0.5
55.2
5.3
2007
NA
5.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.8
441.3
0.3
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
122.2
32.0
1.0
67.2
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
5.5
14.3
55.4
2.7
113.0
19.4
2.3
134.9
0.0
1.0
1.5
28.0
3.5
78.1
11.7
2008
NA
8.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.7
0.0
0.3
0.0
5.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
636.7
1.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.8
123.7
33.4
1.2
113.8
0.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
4.1
2.4
14.8
144.0
3.5
153.7
29.6
1.3
129.3
0.5
0.5
4.9
27.5
0.0
69.7
11.8
2009
NA
4.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
614.4
1.4
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
153.3
33.1
3.9
77.1
0.2
6.9
0.0
0.2
1.2
0.0
8.2
3.8
16.7
83.1
0.2
195.1
21.0
5.4
173.3
0.0
1.5
5.9
38.4
0.0
91.1
17.5
Appendix table 5-37

Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
1995
0.0
0.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
82.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
2.0
2.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
71.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
1996
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
63.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.3
3.5
2.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
46.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1997
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
62.4
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
3.5
2.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
49.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1998
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
60.8
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
4.4
0.2
1.0
0.2
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.5
49.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
1999
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.5
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
76.3
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.5
2.8
2.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
54.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
2000
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
65.1
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.7
3.0
1.8
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
44.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
2001
1.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
76.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.7
2.5
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
56.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
2002
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.3
2.0
0.0
89.5
0.0
3.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.3
1.5
1.3
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.7
67.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.0
2003
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
115.9
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.0
3.3
1.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
86.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
0.0
2004
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.4
2.5
0.0
71.5
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.6
1.1
1.1
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.6
1.0
49.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2005
1.3
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.2
0.0
1.0
0.0
79.6
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21.9
1.1
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
50.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2006
1.0
4.4
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.0
82.7
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
21.5
3.2
3.5
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.7
1.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
46.7
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.2
0.0
2007
4.0
4.4
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
393.7
0.0
4.4
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
287.8
10.6
8.8
1.7
1.0
0.0
0.8
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.8
72.6
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
2008
4.0
3.4
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
5.3
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
344.9
0.0
8.4
0.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
238.4
12.8
7.7
0.2
0.8
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.7
1.5
0.0
62.4
1.2
0.0
0.0
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
2009
4.0
3.0
0.0
1.4
1.8
1.6
3.3
0.0
1.0
2.6
0.3
172.7
0.0
4.4
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.0
44.7
8.6
5.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
3.9
98.7
0.8
0.0
0.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
1.0
0.0
Appendix table 5-37

Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cte dIvoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
1995
21.5
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
7.5
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
1996
19.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
8.7
1.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
1.0
1997
20.6
0.0
0.9
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
1.5
1998
21.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.2
0.2
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.5
1999
19.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
9.5
0.0
1.0
1.8
0.0
2.3
2000
20.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.2
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
2.5
2001
26.4
0.0
0.2
2.3
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.3
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
4.5
2002
38.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.3
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.2
0.0
0.3
1.1
0.0
2.1
2003
35.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.4
0.0
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
17.2
0.0
0.5
0.1
0.0
3.6
2004
46.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.8
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.7
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
20.9
1.1
0.3
2.0
0.0
6.5
2005
55.8
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
3.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.5
6.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
31.0
0.0
0.7
1.7
0.0
3.4
2006
59.0
0.0
0.0
4.9
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.1
0.9
0.0
0.0
2.9
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.0
8.9
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
27.4
1.0
0.1
2.8
0.0
2.8
2007
128.3
0.0
0.0
7.3
0.7
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.7
2.0
0.0
1.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
6.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
5.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.7
12.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
62.9
0.5
1.1
4.2
0.0
7.1
2008
119.2
0.3
0.4
4.8
1.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.9
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
7.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.1
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.1
10.6
0.4
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
58.2
0.5
0.6
6.0
0.1
8.6
2009
108.0
1.0
0.5
2.5
1.1
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.1
0.0
0.7
1.7
0.2
0.0
4.3
0.4
0.0
0.0
3.1
0.8
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.5
0.0
9.8
0.7
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
49.2
1.5
1.2
6.6
0.0
9.8
Appendix table 5-37

Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other
Australia
Canada
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Western Samoa
1995
0.5
5.0
452.2
232.3
200.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
19.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1996
0.7
1.0
502.0
262.8
210.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
28.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1997
1.5
1.0
556.6
278.4
241.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
36.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1998
0.0
4.5
551.8
311.6
207.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
33.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1999
0.3
0.8
543.6
266.3
249.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
28.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2000
0.2
0.0
533.9
266.4
233.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
33.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2001
0.2
2.5
555.2
275.2
234.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
45.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2002
2.3
1.4
620.8
278.4
314.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
28.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2003
1.0
0.7
656.5
307.8
318.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
30.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2004
0.4
1.1
667.9
309.9
318.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
38.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2005
0.5
0.3
775.1
334.4
394.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
46.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2006
1.5
0.0
937.7
452.8
434.3
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
50.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2007
1.0
2.8
1,126.5
535.4
522.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
69.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2008
3.0
1.3
1,241.7
616.3
553.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
72.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

2009
2.7
1.5
1,212.6
544.8
595.5
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
70.7
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Appendix table 5-38

S&E articles in physics, by region/country/economy: 19952009
World
United States
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Albania
Andorra
Croatia
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Macedonia
Monaco
Montenegro
Norway
San Marino
Serbia
Switzerland
Turkey
Vatican City
1995
80,282.7
19,356.4
28,383.8
456.0
692.2
207.2
10.7
330.0
461.3
61.9
351.2
4,719.1
7,082.8
300.4
271.9
142.0
2,956.6
62.6
75.2
1.8
0.7
1,229.3
1,333.5
148.3
197.5
152.6
88.7
1,472.4
942.4
4,635.2
1,781.3
1.5
0.0
1.0
78.8
6.4
1.7
6.3
0.0
NA
187.5
0.0
NA
NA
1,233.7
160.8
0.8
1996
83,083.0
18,871.4
29,637.7
503.3
778.9
225.7
10.8
342.6
491.3
62.5
379.1
4,950.9
7,397.7
301.6
313.2
106.3
3,175.1
39.5
70.1
1.2
0.0
1,271.9
1,301.4
165.1
301.8
164.8
101.5
1,612.9
994.7
4,573.8
1,896.0
4.9
0.0
2.6
83.4
8.6
2.0
6.8
0.3
NA
167.8
0.0
NA
NA
1,319.1
190.6
0.3
1997
84,021.0
17,959.6
30,213.8
483.0
672.1
226.2
15.8
368.0
502.8
54.6
387.4
5,188.3
7,502.1
354.0
298.1
122.7
3,281.9
48.7
93.9
0.3
0.8
1,177.1
1,340.9
203.1
277.9
174.4
116.1
1,676.5
985.1
4,661.5
1,955.5
1.1
0.0
3.9
77.1
6.3
0.5
7.7
0.0
NA
203.8
0.0
NA
NA
1,292.1
239.6
1.3
1998
84,205.0
18,071.7
30,064.6
480.1
665.8
206.8
15.8
380.3
488.8
64.4
386.9
5,001.5
7,789.7
359.1
314.0
147.5
3,327.2
49.9
85.1
0.0
0.0
1,184.4
1,270.1
226.9
260.9
161.2
120.0
1,706.4
963.9
4,407.6
1,926.0
0.5
0.0
3.4
78.3
11.9
0.3
8.0
0.0
NA
148.1
0.0
NA
NA
1,278.9
266.6
1.0
1999
85,767.0
17,715.9
30,807.0
483.6
723.9
185.2
9.8
447.9
458.5
60.5
384.5
5,162.9
7,426.7
396.2
322.9
149.1
3,340.4
46.9
90.2
2.2
0.0
1,126.9
1,392.5
336.2
296.8
143.9
147.2
1,853.8
1,007.8
4,810.5
1,942.5
1.0
0.0
1.5
86.7
13.3
2.6
4.7
0.0
NA
166.6
0.0
NA
NA
1,243.8
299.8
1.0
2000
86,351.0
17,395.6
31,015.4
531.6
710.8
193.2
10.3
439.9
491.1
58.8
408.0
5,250.4
7,285.1
414.4
368.1
155.6
3,523.6
40.8
71.1
0.6
1.0
1,141.8
1,544.6
311.6
305.4
158.7
146.9
1,752.4
1,026.3
4,673.4
1,873.9
0.0
0.0
1.2
69.4
8.7
1.4
9.2
0.7
NA
166.8
0.0
NA
NA
1,249.2
269.6
0.5
2001
86,385.0
17,205.8
30,176.9
495.8
734.5
149.0
5.4
435.8
468.5
75.6
435.7
5,006.0
7,082.1
445.7
372.0
166.9
3,451.7
56.9
87.3
1.6
0.0
1,107.1
1,481.6
368.9
281.5
148.1
146.5
1,834.4
1,088.5
4,249.6
1,811.3
0.0
0.0
2.2
81.6
10.6
0.8
8.9
0.0
NA
155.3
0.0
NA
NA
1,095.3
364.3
0.0
2002
90,134.0
17,573.8
31,734.5
507.7
798.9
183.9
15.0
514.4
469.6
57.4
437.0
5,171.8
7,351.5
465.0
379.9
172.2
3,895.1
50.9
90.6
2.5
1.5
1,230.9
1,565.4
367.3
286.0
213.4
146.7
1,893.2
1,099.6
4,366.8
1,976.5
0.0
0.0
2.0
99.3
14.1
1.0
13.3
0.5
NA
157.7
0.0
NA
NA
1,126.2
440.8
0.5
2003
92,949.0
18,065.4
31,318.9
587.5
861.0
136.8
14.2
435.0
455.0
59.1
480.7
4,988.6
7,024.2
428.2
403.6
168.7
3,867.8
34.7
77.4
3.3
0.0
1,144.4
1,779.4
418.7
275.5
192.0
189.8
1,925.6
985.5
4,382.2
2,130.9
1.0
0.0
3.7
99.0
12.6
4.3
11.2
1.0
NA
147.9
0.0
NA
NA
1,191.0
542.0
0.5
2004
96,435.0
18,693.9
32,539.5
551.9
855.7
171.5
13.4
598.6
432.2
64.1
486.4
5,076.9
7,105.6
451.3
374.7
241.9
4,284.1
50.0
140.3
8.0
1.3
1,239.8
1,708.2
429.2
286.7
233.1
146.8
2,125.2
1,044.4
4,418.4
2,289.1
0.7
0.0
1.2
119.5
10.7
3.4
13.5
0.0
NA
174.2
0.0
NA
NA
1,231.3
620.3
0.5
2005
99,755.0
19,778.5
32,115.4
560.5
853.9
154.5
20.4
495.9
444.2
63.7
464.6
5,046.3
7,212.9
472.1
397.3
251.9
3,934.6
41.9
153.9
2.4
4.0
1,156.2
1,676.4
409.3
253.9
142.9
184.2
2,166.3
1,022.4
4,528.6
2,371.3
1.3
0.0
5.0
117.0
12.1
0.8
9.3
1.0
NA
201.9
0.0
NA
162.3
1,217.9
640.8
2.0
2006
105,372.0
20,055.7
33,777.6
548.2
850.8
148.6
25.0
585.9
445.7
67.1
509.4
5,476.5
7,441.5
560.0
400.9
278.3
4,053.2
41.9
191.4
3.8
1.0
1,156.5
1,854.3
493.4
304.0
189.9
201.7
2,304.4
1,013.2
4,631.0
2,498.4
1.6
0.0
4.7
94.4
11.8
0.8
8.2
0.8
2.4
225.8
0.0
71.8
70.8
1,314.8
690.6
0.0
2007
106,231.0
19,470.9
32,921.3
594.1
846.0
172.0
21.2
526.4
457.1
87.1
524.9
5,139.0
7,160.2
619.7
369.6
279.4
4,040.5
30.3
120.3
2.0
2.6
1,076.7
1,630.6
495.8
322.9
170.1
211.6
2,474.2
970.8
4,576.4
2,682.9
1.9
0.0
5.4
118.6
12.4
1.6
10.4
1.3
4.9
242.2
0.0
192.2
NA
1,271.9
819.1
1.0
2008
109,171.0
19,209.1
33,439.4
607.5
856.0
149.7
30.3
556.2
469.5
76.5
535.4
5,357.0
7,179.6
558.7
409.3
316.0
3,937.7
43.1
158.5
10.9
7.0
1,086.5
1,871.0
536.8
368.1
231.8
213.8
2,397.9
913.4
4,561.2
2,537.5
1.0
0.0
7.2
104.5
16.8
1.9
13.6
0.0
5.5
238.6
0.0
204.8
NA
1,155.1
788.3
0.1
2009
106,834.0
18,227.2
31,931.1
557.5
801.2
148.3
26.6
547.9
477.3
69.6
533.3
5,125.1
7,149.6
555.4
324.7
313.1
3,505.1
42.5
131.0
13.9
4.3
1,037.6
1,652.2
486.3
360.0
163.8
199.7
2,414.6
878.4
4,412.1
2,563.1
2.1
0.0
8.1
105.3
25.9
2.3
11.2
0.8
2.1
201.6
0.0
243.2
NA
1,142.4
817.7
0.3
Appendix table 5-38

Yugoslavia
Other former USSR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Laos
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
1995
102.8
8,486.0
87.7
67.4
324.2
52.0
52.6
4.5
65.7
6,626.5
3.8
2.5
1,094.1
104.9
15,791.0
0.0
10.2
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.0
2,986.6
1,852.0
4.2
8,683.9
0.0
24.5
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
50.9
5.9
174.3
1,118.1
8.2
829.5
12.2
27.8
1,387.0
53.4
5.5
192.3
35.6
2.5
920.0
23.9
1996
109.4
8,091.8
93.6
46.1
256.1
56.9
33.0
6.0
54.1
6,340.2
1.6
0.5
1,112.7
90.9
17,964.6
0.0
20.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3,182.4
2,003.7
9.5
10,166.8
0.0
17.0
0.0
4.3
0.5
0.0
42.9
7.7
173.9
1,306.7
7.0
983.1
14.3
24.2
1,444.2
47.9
5.2
169.5
49.0
2.8
962.8
24.6
1997
122.0
8,124.3
88.0
27.9
268.7
70.5
31.4
3.0
59.6
6,514.3
2.5
0.8
971.8
85.8
18,854.0
0.0
14.9
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.3
3,754.9
1,882.1
5.2
10,142.2
0.0
18.7
0.0
2.7
0.5
0.5
39.7
6.7
226.2
1,650.9
3.7
1,057.3
18.3
28.4
1,536.8
59.3
6.3
183.2
63.1
1.0
980.5
32.9
1998
129.0
7,859.9
94.6
39.4
256.7
65.7
26.2
10.5
50.8
6,232.4
0.0
0.8
1,005.3
77.4
19,067.1
0.0
24.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3,758.5
1,957.3
9.4
9,927.6
0.0
27.0
0.0
1.3
2.0
0.0
39.7
11.5
272.0
1,870.0
6.4
1,107.7
28.2
23.8
1,567.1
60.9
3.3
154.7
90.8
1.0
1,019.3
24.9
1999
121.5
7,686.4
72.2
28.5
241.5
56.9
36.6
8.0
48.0
6,118.8
3.0
0.3
991.7
80.9
20,458.1
0.0
24.1
0.0
2.3
0.5
0.0
3,935.4
1,867.8
8.1
10,750.9
0.0
21.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
53.4
6.5
392.8
2,275.2
6.4
1,071.1
19.4
22.8
1,614.3
56.3
3.8
205.6
99.7
1.0
985.4
15.3
2000
97.2
7,752.7
92.1
25.4
224.0
62.2
27.5
11.5
41.9
6,174.9
1.3
1.0
1,002.2
88.7
21,083.8
0.0
22.5
0.5
0.0
0.3
0.0
4,499.1
1,908.6
8.1
10,678.1
0.0
28.1
0.0
1.0
2.3
0.0
54.8
14.2
488.5
2,131.3
6.9
1,183.6
26.8
29.0
1,676.9
72.7
0.7
233.0
125.2
0.7
939.7
39.3
2001
92.1
7,120.3
85.6
21.7
212.1
38.0
29.1
5.8
29.9
5,572.5
2.0
0.0
1,054.1
69.5
22,596.3
0.0
26.4
0.0
1.3
0.3
0.0
5,035.0
1,990.0
15.4
10,929.0
0.0
32.0
0.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
54.8
14.6
516.9
2,613.2
6.6
1,301.2
22.7
35.5
1,679.6
85.2
3.0
260.3
134.3
3.0
897.4
23.8
2002
121.0
7,217.4
89.5
35.1
200.9
51.0
28.6
12.2
37.2
5,717.0
1.8
1.0
962.2
81.0
23,717.3
0.0
25.6
0.8
0.0
0.5
0.0
5,372.2
2,156.8
14.0
11,242.0
0.3
60.3
0.0
1.5
1.5
0.3
63.7
19.8
577.7
2,711.6
14.9
1,385.9
27.9
39.8
1,875.9
89.0
1.7
256.9
205.6
3.5
981.4
48.5
2003
116.7
6,890.6
98.1
47.6
230.6
45.8
28.6
7.6
44.8
5,407.8
0.0
2.0
896.4
81.3
26,365.5
0.0
35.6
0.0
1.0
1.4
0.0
7,147.6
2,235.6
13.0
11,705.5
0.0
41.5
0.0
2.3
1.8
0.0
61.0
13.5
548.2
2,979.1
16.8
1,436.1
49.5
75.8
1,968.6
96.2
3.2
297.2
240.3
6.0
1,011.6
36.5
2004
113.8
6,560.8
96.8
39.4
193.5
59.3
17.6
4.0
28.3
5,209.6
1.8
0.0
850.9
59.6
27,722.4
0.0
26.2
1.0
1.8
0.0
0.2
8,392.9
2,283.5
15.0
10,950.5
0.0
66.4
0.0
1.5
2.2
0.8
59.9
23.1
710.6
3,373.7
17.2
1,693.8
66.0
36.2
2,010.6
119.2
6.8
287.7
318.8
2.8
944.0
33.9
2005
NA
6,464.6
87.6
36.2
229.0
44.5
19.4
7.9
46.2
5,016.8
1.7
0.0
909.8
65.6
30,014.0
0.0
28.8
0.5
2.5
0.8
0.0
10,372.3
2,660.9
20.5
10,735.1
0.0
56.2
0.0
1.0
1.8
2.3
96.4
17.3
750.3
3,159.0
15.3
1,970.9
84.6
37.4
2,173.1
147.8
6.3
275.6
382.0
6.5
923.7
35.2
2006
NA
6,246.4
78.2
39.7
182.4
57.4
17.1
6.8
37.5
4,946.9
1.2
1.0
816.1
62.0
33,174.3
0.0
28.6
0.5
2.0
1.0
0.5
12,074.0
2,971.8
17.8
10,914.7
0.0
60.1
0.0
1.2
3.5
0.0
143.0
19.7
866.3
3,703.1
16.2
2,210.4
94.0
46.0
2,328.3
151.6
9.1
329.6
507.1
10.5
958.7
41.5
2007
NA
6,327.3
78.8
32.5
192.5
47.1
25.1
5.9
34.6
4,912.1
5.6
0.3
915.2
77.6
34,993.9
0.0
37.0
0.0
2.0
0.3
0.7
13,652.9
3,201.6
21.5
10,421.6
0.3
109.5
0.0
1.8
0.4
4.1
174.8
20.5
868.8
3,860.1
12.2
2,402.9
127.5
73.6
2,562.2
178.1
11.2
338.4
600.4
17.4
1,035.1
39.8
2008
NA
6,423.0
94.4
38.4
169.7
47.6
13.8
5.6
37.3
5,095.9
3.7
0.3
857.6
58.7
37,435.2
0.0
50.1
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
15,392.5
3,601.9
20.0
10,111.2
0.7
113.2
0.3
3.5
0.2
0.9
242.7
23.4
887.8
4,181.7
7.5
2,512.5
168.6
115.7
2,860.8
176.3
10.2
340.7
888.0
11.5
986.6
52.2
2009
NA
6,485.5
77.1
54.8
172.8
46.2
29.9
3.7
34.8
5,198.8
2.5
0.5
793.9
70.4
37,527.0
0.0
42.6
0.0
3.0
0.1
0.0
16,201.8
3,759.1
25.9
9,064.8
0.0
164.5
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.8
217.6
17.1
939.9
4,406.0
6.8
2,418.9
193.6
60.6
2,941.0
188.4
7.4
350.2
1,040.7
17.4
879.8
47.9
Appendix table 5-38

Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
1995
11.7
5.5
3.7
36.7
6.5
0.5
66.1
5.4
12.7
4.3
0.5
1,757.9
0.0
344.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
1.7
779.5
66.5
16.3
2.6
30.4
0.0
0.5
0.0 *
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.8
412.6
0.0
0.0
0.3
5.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
14.2
72.9
0.0
1996
11.6
5.8
3.2
58.2
3.1
4.0
60.4
3.7
27.8
4.7
0.0
1,906.9
0.0
399.2
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.3
820.2
59.0
28.5
0.0
33.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
486.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
18.0
51.7
0.0
1997
15.9
6.1
2.2
75.5
5.8
2.0
59.0
4.9
33.6
5.5
0.0
2,190.9
0.0
425.8
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.8
1,007.6
77.9
54.1
3.5
32.8
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
499.0
0.3
1.0
0.0
5.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
13.3
58.6
0.0
1998
17.3
6.8
0.2
81.7
4.5
1.5
49.9
3.4
36.8
9.8
0.0
2,578.0
0.0
440.6
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.8
1,199.5
104.6
56.6
5.8
36.9
0.0
0.0
0.0 *
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
610.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
18.4
99.1
0.0
1999
13.7
9.2
0.5
106.2
12.8
0.8
41.4
4.2
46.7
10.0
1.5
2,647.8
0.0
447.1
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.6
1,252.7
92.4
40.8
5.5
38.2
0.0
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.2
657.5
0.0
2.2
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
21.2
81.4
1.0
2000
15.3
17.2
1.8
127.6
8.8
0.0
36.8
7.5
41.4
8.8
0.2
2,657.7
0.0
458.4
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.2
1,210.3
87.4
97.1
2.3
57.4
0.0
0.5
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
633.4
0.0
0.7
0.0
8.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
21.4
73.9
0.2
2001
7.8
14.7
1.1
99.4
10.0
1.3
64.1
7.7
55.8
10.3
0.3
3,004.6
0.0
464.2
0.0
6.8
0.0
0.5
1,512.2
94.9
52.8
4.5
43.2
0.0
0.5
4.6
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
707.7
0.0
1.0
0.0
7.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
25.4
75.3
0.0
2002
8.8
14.9
3.2
107.9
9.3
1.3
65.2
9.7
56.3
12.9
0.0
3,025.2
0.0
507.8
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.6
1,491.4
151.3
42.7
5.1
39.1
0.0
0.0
5.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
676.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
18.7
76.4
0.0
2003
5.3
9.1
1.0
92.2
15.7
4.3
66.8
3.8
63.3
15.8
0.3
3,080.8
0.0
443.1
0.0
9.8
0.0
2.8
1,460.3
107.4
63.3
5.8
48.2
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
778.5
0.0
2.0
1.0
10.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
24.9
119.4
0.0
2004
13.5
17.6
1.5
88.1
12.9
1.9
63.4
10.6
67.7
18.2
2.0
3,395.3
0.0
465.8
0.3
9.8
0.0
0.6
1,862.1
132.2
66.3
4.6
34.5
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
731.5
0.0
0.3
0.0
5.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
23.1
51.4
0.0
2005
7.0
33.6
0.5
135.2
15.7
3.3
66.7
15.8
94.6
22.4
1.3
3,290.4
0.0
429.2
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.8
1,649.6
144.6
71.9
3.9
50.2
0.0
0.0
5.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
817.4
0.0
0.2
0.0
8.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
24.3
78.7
0.0
2006
7.8
16.4
2.0
82.8
13.1
5.9
70.2
11.1
86.5
22.1
2.3
3,476.2
0.0
445.3
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.4
1,712.4
190.2
104.3
4.7
46.3
0.0
0.0
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
2.0
803.1
1.0
0.0
0.0
5.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
18.2
133.4
0.0
2007
12.2
23.5
1.3
69.5
10.2
10.3
83.0
18.3
87.1
21.7
4.4
3,453.9
0.0
509.6
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.3
1,769.4
165.9
74.1
4.7
36.8
0.0
0.0
5.8
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
787.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
14.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
25.5
56.2
0.0
2008
17.8
18.4
4.5
83.5
21.3
10.0
90.8
9.6
112.3
24.3
2.8
3,323.9
0.0
447.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.3
1,681.4
171.0
110.8
4.1
40.0
0.5
0.0
2.8
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
767.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
5.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
25.3
64.6
0.0
2009
20.4
19.8
1.5
73.3
10.9
10.2
119.5
19.2
100.6
29.9
3.7
3,135.1
0.0
491.2
0.3
2.5
0.0
0.8
1,513.0
180.7
98.2
2.0
35.5
0.0
0.7
5.9
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
726.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
7.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
26.6
40.5
0.3
Appendix table 5-38

Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cte dIvoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
1995
174.0
0.0
2.1
2.0
0.0
2.0
11.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
8.8
0.0
0.0
6.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
131.0
1.0
1.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
1996
180.3
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.5
0.5
7.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
15.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
137.2
1.3
1.0
0.3
0.5
0.0
1997
173.0
0.0
2.8
1.0
0.5
1.0
13.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.2
0.0
5.6
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
136.1
2.7
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
1998
200.9
0.0
1.0
0.3
0.8
0.0
6.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.7
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
164.9
2.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
1999
233.8
0.0
6.3
1.7
0.3
0.0
7.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.5
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
185.4
1.1
0.5
2.0
0.0
0.0
2000
183.4
0.0
6.3
3.5
0.8
0.0
9.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.5
1.0
0.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.3
0.0
140.9
1.3
0.3
0.0
1.0
0.0
2001
194.7
0.0
2.0
3.0
1.5
1.8
4.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.8
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.0
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.3
0.0
157.0
1.4
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.0
2002
209.3
0.0
2.2
5.3
1.0
0.5
15.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.3
0.0
0.6
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
3.5
1.5
14.0
0.0
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
138.4
4.0
1.5
2.3
0.5
0.5
2003
191.3
0.0
3.5
9.0
2.0
1.5
21.2
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
5.2
0.0
0.0
2.1
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.5
2.0
11.3
0.0
0.0
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
119.9
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.3
0.0
2004
201.2
0.0
2.3
4.0
1.4
0.7
26.4
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.2
0.1
0.0
2.6
0.3
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.3
10.6
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
135.3
3.7
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.3
2005
219.9
0.0
2.8
1.0
0.3
0.0
33.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.3
0.0
1.9
0.5
0.0
1.0
0.1
0.3
0.0
1.5
0.3
2.0
1.3
15.2
0.0
0.0
6.3
1.2
0.0
0.0
140.6
1.0
0.5
0.2
0.0
0.0
2006
250.9
0.0
1.2
2.2
1.1
0.3
37.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
2.5
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.2
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.3
2.5
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.3
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.6
0.3
14.1
0.3
0.0
2.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
167.9
1.2
0.0
1.0
0.3
0.0
2007
246.1
0.0
10.9
2.8
0.3
0.7
22.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
11.4
1.0
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.4
0.5
8.6
0.0
0.0
3.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
170.6
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
2008
256.5
0.0
5.3
4.0
1.2
0.0
36.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.3
11.5
0.3
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.5
0.5
1.0
0.2
0.3
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.1
0.5
15.8
0.0
0.0
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
160.8
3.8
0.0
0.6
0.3
0.5
2009
295.3
0.0
5.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
29.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.2
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.3
6.5
0.3
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
2.7
1.0
0.0
1.1
0.2
0.0
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.5
0.5
13.6
1.2
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
210.6
1.6
0.0
2.3
0.7
0.0
Appendix table 5-38

Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other
Australia
Canada
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Western Samoa
1995
0.0
1.3
3,165.4
1,091.2
1,976.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
98.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1996
0.0
2.5
3,090.2
1,138.0
1,854.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
97.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1997
0.0
2.3
3,013.1
1,132.2
1,748.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
132.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1998
0.7
2.8
2,869.9
1,154.1
1,582.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
133.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1999
2.0
1.0
2,661.1
1,058.4
1,458.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
141.4
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2000
1.0
2.0
2,711.5
1,011.0
1,574.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
126.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2001
0.0
0.5
2,595.5
986.3
1,479.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
129.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2002
2.3
2.0
2,804.2
1,013.2
1,685.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
104.9
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2003
0.3
2.0
2,937.0
1,035.4
1,780.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
121.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2004
0.0
0.5
3,022.2
1,084.0
1,807.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
130.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2005
0.3
0.3
3,327.7
1,121.8
2,040.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
164.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2006
0.5
2.8
3,564.2
1,232.6
2,174.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
157.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2007
0.3
1.0
3,572.6
1,277.4
2,134.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
159.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2008
1.0
1.1
3,685.5
1,281.4
2,237.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
166.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0

2009
1.2
1.8
3,728.7
1,368.9
2,188.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
171.2
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Appendix table 5-39

S&E articles in psychology, by region/country/economy: 19952009
World
United States
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Albania
Andorra
Croatia
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Macedonia
Monaco
Montenegro
Norway
San Marino
Serbia
Switzerland
Turkey
Vatican City
1995
13,554.0
7,781.1
3,172.8
37.7
81.7
3.8
1.0
45.0
28.9
3.5
73.9
290.2
615.2
10.6
12.1
27.5
131.8
3.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
383.0
7.5
6.2
1.5
52.8
2.0
104.4
155.4
1,092.7
195.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.8
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
69.1
0.0
NA
NA
93.8
11.5
0.0
1996
14,721.0
8,356.8
3,540.1
44.3
77.6
8.3
0.0
43.7
38.7
4.0
90.4
272.6
693.8
11.3
21.2
37.1
137.5
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
418.5
27.5
17.4
0.0
35.5
2.3
126.3
171.8
1,259.8
223.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.0
6.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
79.7
0.0
NA
NA
98.7
25.9
0.0
1997
14,479.0
8,093.7
3,649.8
61.9
87.7
5.0
0.1
52.9
22.2
4.4
100.5
274.8
715.9
15.4
16.9
22.5
157.9
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
425.4
16.3
8.5
1.6
46.7
1.5
145.6
187.5
1,278.0
218.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.1
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
96.5
0.0
NA
NA
88.5
19.0
0.2
1998
14,298.0
7,833.5
3,677.7
44.2
99.5
5.5
0.5
35.6
41.7
2.7
94.2
305.0
730.0
10.2
10.2
45.8
149.8
1.0
0.4
0.0
0.5
420.3
14.0
11.4
0.0
49.0
7.0
127.6
171.9
1,299.5
212.9
0.0
0.0
0.3
9.5
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
82.7
0.0
NA
NA
98.4
17.3
0.0
1999
14,375.0
7,715.4
3,821.2
40.5
96.7
2.7
1.0
38.2
47.5
7.8
83.4
302.8
773.1
15.1
10.4
20.9
140.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
433.4
23.0
11.1
3.0
41.5
1.6
133.3
173.5
1,419.8
203.3
0.0
0.0
1.0
8.6
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
80.7
0.0
NA
NA
83.7
23.6
0.0
2000
14,672.0
7,824.6
3,883.5
31.7
96.3
2.8
2.0
36.9
43.4
7.0
91.5
285.7
778.4
16.2
13.2
30.1
131.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
433.1
16.8
10.1
1.4
46.0
7.7
150.1
196.3
1,454.5
249.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.5
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
80.7
0.0
NA
NA
124.2
30.3
0.0
2001
14,620.0
7,707.9
3,971.3
56.8
119.8
1.6
1.9
42.7
53.4
4.1
94.6
282.6
819.5
17.1
20.8
28.9
163.3
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
444.2
18.6
18.2
1.5
29.0
5.3
142.5
187.1
1,414.8
270.4
0.0
0.0
0.6
11.5
8.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
105.4
0.0
NA
NA
96.7
44.9
0.0
2002
14,583.0
7,679.6
3,972.4
62.2
121.3
0.1
2.6
43.0
63.0
5.2
82.2
295.5
808.6
16.5
12.0
40.6
170.6
1.0
1.3
1.8
0.5
488.0
21.7
14.5
2.0
24.0
6.1
152.1
188.5
1,347.5
242.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
3.3
5.7
0.5
0.0
0.0
NA
111.3
0.0
NA
NA
76.3
43.7
0.0
2003
15,005.0
7,706.9
4,252.4
57.6
137.4
2.1
4.8
36.8
61.8
12.0
103.2
287.6
854.5
26.9
17.9
20.5
207.7
0.5
0.0 *
1.0
0.0 *
508.1
22.7
21.5
1.2
23.0
5.8
188.9
209.1
1,439.6
297.1
0.0
0.0
1.3
10.9
7.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
106.7
0.0
NA
NA
113.7
55.1
0.0
2004
15,642.0
7,860.8
4,543.1
68.6
172.4
1.9
1.5
38.0
67.3
9.7
115.7
332.3
885.3
32.4
21.7
45.9
196.3
0.7
1.5
0.0
0.0 *
534.4
24.8
18.0
2.3
32.2
8.8
197.7
195.9
1,537.7
294.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
3.1
10.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
94.6
0.0
NA
NA
126.9
55.8
0.0
2005
16,386.0
8,011.7
4,981.4
61.5
198.6
1.3
3.3
44.1
63.5
9.8
110.3
347.0
979.2
36.8
25.9
41.3
209.8
0.5
6.5
0.0
1.3
620.8
30.5
29.8
2.5
18.3
10.8
262.7
211.8
1,653.4
348.1
0.0
0.0
0.7
8.1
2.6
1.0
0.0
0.0
NA
111.3
0.0
NA
4.4
146.4
73.6
0.0
2006
18,007.0
8,715.1
5,507.8
62.3
232.8
2.9
3.5
54.9
75.9
9.2
117.7
369.8
1,078.8
51.4
19.3
26.4
274.7
0.0
1.7
2.0
1.5
661.0
23.0
42.3
11.0
24.6
10.3
322.0
232.0
1,796.8
412.3
0.5
0.0
0.0
7.2
10.9
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
123.4
0.0
1.8
1.2
178.4
88.3
0.0
2007
19,678.0
8,957.0
6,331.3
67.2
254.7
3.3
7.7
73.5
71.7
16.5
128.2
413.7
1,213.2
46.4
34.2
47.3
315.0
0.5
3.5
1.5
0.3
781.9
42.5
44.9
12.0
29.7
10.1
430.6
262.0
2,019.2
511.7
0.1
0.0
0.7
17.9
7.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
131.4
0.0
32.0
NA
209.5
113.1
0.0
2008
21,778.0
9,795.6
7,052.2
103.8
307.3
2.5
10.8
64.1
78.0
12.7
142.7
546.0
1,340.8
55.4
29.4
57.8
378.1
1.9
2.4
3.3
0.0
934.7
43.4
58.7
17.3
25.7
11.7
510.7
255.4
2,057.6
598.2
0.0
0.0
1.5
13.6
13.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
153.0
0.0
22.6
NA
271.3
122.4
0.0
2009
21,494.0
9,805.3
6,745.8
96.4
298.4
5.2
7.0
57.4
85.8
14.9
156.5
444.8
1,274.5
66.2
37.6
66.3
397.5
0.7
3.8
3.6
1.5
914.6
35.8
68.2
3.7
20.6
10.3
349.4
233.3
2,091.7
624.9
0.3
0.0
0.3
5.5
12.2
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
177.2
0.0
6.5
NA
273.8
147.5
0.0
Appendix table 5-39

Yugoslavia
Other former USSR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Laos
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
1995
0.0
140.9
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
124.7
1.0
0.0
12.5
0.0
363.7
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
64.0
22.0
0.2
232.8
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.9
9.0
10.5
0.0
17.7
0.9
0.0
215.7
0.5
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
205.0
0.0
1996
2.4
148.6
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.5
0.2
0.0
1.0
139.4
0.0
0.0
4.5
0.0
462.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
78.3
25.8
1.2
308.8
0.4
2.8
0.0
1.0
1.8
0.0
0.3
1.0
3.5
15.5
0.0
17.7
3.5
0.0
189.4
0.0
0.0
2.4
0.0
0.0
176.2
0.8
1997
3.3
139.9
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
132.9
0.0
0.0
4.5
0.0
465.7
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
82.4
20.0
1.5
299.3
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.5
2.0
8.0
12.7
0.0
30.9
2.9
0.0
186.5
0.5
0.0
0.5
3.3
0.0
167.8
0.0
1998
2.0
146.6
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
133.9
0.0
0.0
10.3
0.0
458.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
91.8
26.2
0.5
281.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
3.7
14.5
9.6
1.4
23.5
2.4
0.0
211.2
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.8
0.0
194.3
2.5
1999
3.5
162.4
0.3
0.0
4.0
0.2
1.0
0.0
0.5
151.9
0.0
0.0
4.5
0.0
474.7
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
88.6
14.4
0.8
281.5
1.0
3.7
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
3.3
2.2
14.5
26.3
0.3
32.8
3.3
0.3
206.5
1.0
0.0
3.3
5.6
0.0
176.6
4.0
2000
4.0
159.6
0.0
0.0
9.0
0.5
2.0
0.0
0.0
139.7
0.0
0.0
8.4
0.0
506.6
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
96.9
29.4
0.9
284.6
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
2.0
25.2
19.0
0.5
37.7
5.8
0.0
203.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.7
0.0
179.5
6.0
2001
3.0
75.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
71.1
0.0
1.0
3.4
0.0
496.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
108.9
17.2
0.8
279.3
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
3.0
14.7
31.9
0.0
33.3
3.5
0.0
242.2
0.0
1.0
6.7
4.5
0.0
214.0
1.5
2002
0.9
139.8
0.0
0.0
1.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
133.5
0.0
0.0
3.7
0.0
484.5
0.0
0.8
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
106.8
14.5
0.8
261.7
0.0
7.2
0.0
0.7
1.3
0.0
0.9
5.3
17.8
29.6
1.0
33.5
1.5
0.0
240.5
0.0
0.0
0.7
10.5
0.0
205.0
1.0
2003
2.1
139.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
134.5
0.0
0.0
2.0
2.0
541.6
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
123.2
24.8
0.7
234.7
0.0
5.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
1.3
2.3
26.7
42.2
0.5
69.7
7.0
0.0
245.4
0.0
1.0
0.3
15.9
0.0
206.6
0.5
2004
2.9
146.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0 *
0.0
0.0
0.0
139.7
0.0
0.0
6.2
0.0
606.5
0.0
0.0 *
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
142.7
25.7
1.5
284.5
0.0
5.7
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
4.5
1.0
18.2
43.9
0.5
74.1
3.3
0.1
220.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
14.3
1.0
178.6
1.5
2005
NA
67.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
67.3
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
684.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
121.4
22.4
1.4
369.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
1.0
3.6
18.4
55.6
0.0
74.4
10.9
1.9
250.1
0.0
1.0
1.0
16.3
1.3
200.1
1.0
2006
NA
66.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
65.1
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
703.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
148.9
29.6
3.4
307.7
0.0
6.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
3.4
26.7
56.2
0.8
104.3
11.8
0.5
286.1
0.0
0.0
2.2
25.8
0.0
227.3
3.1
2007
NA
81.7
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
78.7
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
911.6
0.0
1.2
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
198.5
34.5
1.9
361.4
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.7
2.7
35.6
75.9
0.3
175.1
17.0
1.2
316.1
0.0
1.0
3.8
21.3
0.0
270.4
1.0
2008
NA
80.0
1.0
0.3
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
74.3
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
967.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
230.4
28.5
2.1
343.8
0.0
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.9
6.2
56.0
74.8
1.2
201.0
11.9
0.5
364.7
0.5
0.0
2.3
36.1
0.5
300.2
0.5
2009
NA
147.0
0.0
0.0
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
139.8
0.0
0.0
2.7
0.0
1,091.7
0.3
0.0 *
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
300.7
36.4
4.3
359.8
0.0
8.8
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
4.3
2.4
60.1
93.2
0.5
210.0
7.7
2.5
338.5
0.0
1.3
3.1
26.7
0.3
286.3
2.3
Appendix table 5-39

Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
1995
4.0
0.6
0.0
0.7
0.3
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.3
89.3
0.0
11.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
19.9
1.5
3.7
0.9
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.9
34.8
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
1.2
8.5
0.0
1996
2.5
2.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
112.7
0.0
16.5
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
27.7
4.5
6.3
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
37.1
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
8.0
0.0
1997
5.7
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
5.0
0.5
124.3
0.0
17.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
32.9
10.2
9.0
0.5
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
35.4
0.0
0.3
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
11.0
0.5
1998
5.3
1.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.5
131.0
0.0
14.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
45.6
6.0
6.2
0.5
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
41.3
0.0
1.9
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.0
0.0
1999
5.0
2.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
4.7
0.0
144.8
0.0
23.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
43.0
6.3
4.7
0.3
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
56.1
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.5
0.0
2000
4.5
0.5
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.5
0.0
146.3
0.0
18.7
0.0
0.5
0.0
1.8
45.3
4.4
3.9
0.3
7.5
0.0
2.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
2.7
48.8
0.0
3.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.3
3.6
0.0
2001
4.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
4.0
0.8
104.4
0.0
9.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
32.2
2.5
6.3
1.3
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
44.2
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
1.3
0.0
2002
10.8
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.6
6.5
0.0
136.4
0.0
13.1
1.0
1.0
0.0
1.0
54.4
7.6
4.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
42.7
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
2.0
5.1
0.0
2003
9.8
0.8
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
5.5
0.0
155.2
0.0
14.6
1.3
0.5
0.0
0.0
52.2
11.0
8.2
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
60.9
0.0
2.1
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.7
0.0
2004
11.7
2.8
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
6.5
0.0
153.1
0.0
18.3
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
53.8
11.0
10.8
1.1
2.5
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.7
46.6
0.5
1.2
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.3
1.3
0.0
2005
15.8
4.8
0.2
1.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
187.6
0.0
22.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
70.0
12.2
8.5
1.8
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
58.0
1.0
2.1
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.5
1.9
0.0
2006
20.8
2.7
1.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
2.1
0.3
0.5
0.0 *
0.0
203.2
0.0
16.9
0.3
1.3
0.0
0.0
76.3
21.9
13.5
2.3
0.3
0.0
0.0 *
0.2
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
59.9
0.0
3.1
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0 *
3.0
1.3
0.0
2007
7.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.7
2.8
0.0
323.8
0.0
34.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
137.0
22.5
22.9
3.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
77.7
0.0
3.7
0.5
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.0
6.8
0.0
2008
10.8
2.0
0.3
2.3
0.5
1.3
1.4
0.0
1.7
4.3
0.0
361.3
0.0
39.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
191.3
24.6
20.1
0.5
2.0
1.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
67.7
0.0
1.3
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
5.1
4.0
0.0
2009
5.6
2.6
0.5
0.7
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
1.5
5.0
0.0
238.6
0.0
26.4
0.5
1.5
0.0
0.5
92.5
27.6
13.5
1.6
1.3
0.5
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
58.9
0.0
1.3
0.0
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.0
1.6
3.6
0.0
Appendix table 5-39

Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cte dIvoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
1995
84.7
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
65.7
0.3
0.0
2.9
0.0
0.0
1996
91.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
80.0
1.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
1997
96.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
85.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1998
103.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.3
1.5
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
90.1
0.0
0.2
1.0
0.0
0.3
1999
93.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
85.3
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.2
2000
87.6
0.1
0.0
0.0 *
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.1
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
1.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
74.8
0.0
0.1
1.0
0.0
0.3
2001
80.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.1
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
70.2
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
1.9
2002
75.1
0.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
65.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.7
2003
84.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
72.3
0.0
0.0
0.0 *
0.0
1.0
2004
86.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
75.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.6
2005
86.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
2.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.9
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
72.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2006
119.4
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0 *
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.8
1.2
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
0.0
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 *
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
98.5
0.3
0.0 *
2.1
0.0
1.2
2007
96.2
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
4.9
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
79.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.3
2008
168.1
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.6
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.4
1.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.5
0.0
142.6
1.3
0.0
0.8
0.0
2.8
2009
102.8
0.0
0.0
0.0 *
0.0 *
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.4
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
77.7
1.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
2.5
Appendix table 5-39

Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other
Australia
Canada
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Western Samoa
1995
0.0
1.5
1,510.5
382.3
1,025.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
102.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1996
0.0
2.4
1,596.6
438.1
1,042.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
115.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1997
0.0
1.5
1,504.3
433.2
955.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
116.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1998
0.0
1.9
1,523.7
477.5
949.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
96.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1999
0.0
1.3
1,552.9
474.9
932.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
146.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2000
0.0
1.6
1,610.7
519.7
962.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
128.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2001
0.3
2.0
1,671.3
549.9
996.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
124.8
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2002
0.0
0.5
1,612.6
559.8
927.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
125.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2003
0.0
0.7
1,582.7
542.2
911.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
129.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2004
0.0
0.0 *
1,732.4
567.8
1,004.3
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
159.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2005
0.0
0.3
1,769.0
626.9
1,009.7
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
132.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2006
0.3
0.5
1,993.2
675.0
1,138.7
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
179.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0 *
2007
0.5
0.0
2,148.5
762.6
1,217.6
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
166.1
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2008
1.5
3.5
2,390.8
871.4
1,345.4
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
173.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2009
0.0
0.3
2,399.5
848.0
1,398.8
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
151.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0

Appendix table 5-40

S&E articles in social sciences, by region/country/economy: 19952009
World
United States
European Union
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Albania
Andorra
Croatia
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Macedonia
Monaco
Montenegro
Norway
San Marino
Serbia
Switzerland
Turkey
Vatican City
1995
19,335.0
9,732.9
5,357.3
102.4
118.0
9.2
4.6
78.2
86.5
7.0
62.4
463.7
760.9
50.2
41.5
62.8
168.7
1.0
4.5
2.0
5.0
405.9
53.8
24.2
5.0
71.8
7.5
127.5
174.1
2,458.9
368.1
0.5
0.0
0.5
75.5
4.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
139.4
0.0
NA
NA
117.1
27.1
0.0
1996
20,519.0
10,251.5
5,831.8
96.2
122.7
11.2
4.1
84.9
120.3
3.0
64.0
461.7
771.4
51.1
38.7
54.3
201.5
0.0
1.3
1.7
2.0
460.9
32.2
27.5
10.2
89.8
10.3
140.5
212.8
2,757.5
447.6
1.8
0.0
0.2
111.8
7.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
NA
161.1
0.0
NA
NA
116.8
41.5
0.0
1997
20,009.0
9,857.0
5,788.4
89.1
131.2
11.0
10.7
94.4
91.5
6.0
82.8
402.4
776.4
75.9
29.5
56.0
196.8
0.5
3.0
2.0
2.3
479.4
33.6
13.6
7.7
74.8
7.0
174.0
219.0
2,717.8
431.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
83.7
5.5
0.0
2.0
0.0
NA
160.6
0.0
NA
NA
123.8
53.0
0.0
1998
20,015.0
9,811.3
5,912.1
94.7
124.2
13.1
3.8
74.7
119.6
12.7
100.5
503.7
740.2
69.1
35.3
64.0
199.0
2.0
4.0
3.0
4.0
489.8
29.7
22.5
0.5
68.5
16.4
187.3
224.2
2,705.6
470.7
1.5
0.0
1.0
114.3
8.2
2.0
1.5
0.0
NA
153.2
0.0
NA
NA
124.0
60.9
0.0
1999
20,215.0
9,847.1
6,110.6
118.7
130.7
5.0
6.0
84.9
127.1
7.8
85.9
506.7
779.0
54.2
20.7
61.6
203.8
1.0
1.5
5.0
2.0
468.6
36.5
27.8
3.0
58.4
19.3
196.9
270.3
2,828.3
401.9
2.3
0.0
1.0
93.8
6.3
0.0
1.0
0.0
NA
141.2
0.0
NA
NA
113.2
40.4
0.0
2000
21,333.0
9,945.6
6,739.3
85.5
162.7
6.5
5.4
80.9
136.9
9.8
92.0
557.7
831.3
75.6
38.0
80.2
255.7
1.0
2.5
3.0
2.0
488.5
34.7
32.0
4.5
68.0
16.5
223.4
225.5
3,219.3
507.2
0.0
0.0
2.7
112.9
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
158.6
0.0
NA
NA
147.6
74.4
0.0
2001
21,079.0
9,918.0
6,484.8
103.1
165.1
5.3
8.7
86.4
161.6
11.0
109.9
502.4
820.3
72.3
30.2
69.5
271.2
1.0
10.0
3.0
2.0
529.4
33.7
30.5
4.0
71.5
30.5
270.3
239.5
2,842.4
554.1
0.0
0.0
3.3
117.5
9.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
165.0
0.0
NA
NA
179.0
75.3
0.0
2002
21,353.0
9,842.5
6,739.2
80.7
147.9
7.3
10.2
87.9
157.6
15.8
125.8
529.0
905.9
86.3
42.2
74.5
280.1
2.7
14.3
0.5
2.0
544.0
38.0
40.2
6.8
70.4
24.8
302.6
271.1
2,870.5
587.7
1.5
0.0
1.1
135.5
5.7
0.0
1.0
0.0
NA
168.9
0.0
NA
NA
186.3
85.4
0.0
2003
22,337.0
10,114.1
7,160.1
120.7
174.4
5.3
11.1
92.2
149.0
18.1
146.2
561.3
896.3
122.8
38.2
81.0
280.3
3.5
8.3
2.5
5.0
527.2
42.6
38.0
4.2
78.8
33.1
300.8
284.8
3,134.6
660.2
1.3
0.0
1.2
154.8
6.3
0.0
0.2
0.0
NA
197.0
0.0
NA
NA
193.6
102.0
0.0
2004
22,881.0
10,237.6
7,510.7
127.1
224.9
1.8
9.0
110.2
164.3
23.1
135.6
585.8
956.9
119.3
41.5
79.9
317.8
2.5
17.7
2.7
1.3
592.8
48.3
54.2
4.0
93.4
34.7
359.1
296.0
3,106.7
660.5
0.0
0.0
4.3
138.6
8.7
0.0
1.7
0.0
NA
204.3
0.0
NA
NA
181.2
112.5
0.0
2005
24,075.0
10,382.6
8,141.3
116.4
221.2
2.0
7.0
108.2
187.4
17.4
112.5
625.6
1,075.2
123.5
30.2
88.7
334.5
6.2
13.7
3.5
3.0
648.1
70.0
74.5
2.6
77.3
40.2
435.1
341.8
3,375.4
823.5
0.0
0.0
4.6
184.1
8.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
NA
218.6
0.0
NA
3.4
253.0
151.6
0.0
2006
26,170.0
10,737.6
9,044.2
144.5
214.9
7.2
8.2
125.7
198.1
29.2
144.7
689.2
1,184.4
131.9
47.1
98.0
386.5
6.3
20.3
9.9
1.0
706.3
80.9
85.0
4.9
70.6
31.7
532.7
357.3
3,727.8
881.4
1.8
0.0
6.0
181.3
9.9
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
244.1
0.0
7.7
2.9
238.5
188.9
0.0
2007
29,572.0
11,349.5
10,602.4
176.7
269.4
8.3
14.9
191.5
255.4
37.3
166.6
763.2
1,308.7
129.9
59.5
152.2
544.0
5.5
41.0
5.9
1.0
840.2
69.8
103.9
75.7
59.2
108.2
759.3
383.3
4,071.6
1,154.1
0.0
0.0
9.0
245.6
15.1
0.0
2.8
0.0
1.5
316.8
0.0
12.0
NA
300.3
250.9
0.0
2008
32,470.0
12,121.8
11,704.3
201.6
305.8
11.2
25.2
231.5
276.5
35.2
211.0
880.6
1,488.2
158.3
69.3
157.2
652.4
12.2
97.1
8.2
2.5
892.6
128.1
135.9
129.2
73.9
95.3
868.9
505.6
4,051.0
1,365.6
1.8
0.0
8.8
302.0
8.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
1.0
333.8
0.5
10.3
NA
358.3
340.8
0.0
2009
31,224.0
12,020.3
10,968.5
191.0
309.8
6.9
17.9
144.8
279.0
30.6
217.0
834.9
1,488.6
152.0
54.0
161.0
590.5
5.3
12.4
15.0
3.6
953.4
86.5
126.9
18.3
53.8
53.7
680.0
496.0
3,985.5
1,287.4
0.3
0.0
20.8
269.4
19.6
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
354.5
0.3
21.3
NA
353.0
247.9
0.0
Appendix table 5-40

Yugoslavia
Other former USSR
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Moldova
Russia
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Brunei
Burma
Cambodia
China
India
Indonesia
Japan
Laos
Malaysia
Maldives
Mongolia
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
1995
3.5
299.2
0.0
0.0
5.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
277.2
0.5
0.0
14.5
0.0
851.2
0.0
23.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
149.7
191.3
11.7
224.9
0.0
12.5
0.0
0.0
4.3
0.0
10.1
12.9
49.7
47.0
7.4
85.9
10.7
8.7
291.5
1.5
1.0
9.2
2.2
1.0
255.0
4.0
1996
4.5
243.2
0.0
1.0
6.5
2.0
3.0
0.0
1.0
224.2
1.0
0.0
4.2
0.3
840.1
0.0
21.4
0.0
2.0
0.0
2.0
152.7
147.0
16.5
224.2
0.0
16.1
0.0
2.3
2.8
0.0
21.5
12.9
47.5
54.7
6.3
93.2
13.9
3.2
318.4
2.5
0.4
13.0
2.3
0.0
255.5
6.0
1997
2.3
272.8
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.0
0.5
2.0
0.0
264.0
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.0
883.5
0.0
13.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
1.5
215.9
156.3
10.4
260.4
0.0
8.0
0.0
1.2
4.4
0.0
8.6
9.2
49.1
58.8
6.5
63.6
11.2
4.3
324.4
1.8
2.0
10.0
2.0
0.0
276.6
5.0
1998
4.0
276.7
1.0
0.0
25.5
0.5
10.5
2.3
0.5
228.2
0.0
0.0
8.3
0.0
843.1
0.0
10.1
1.0
1.0
0.0
1.8
166.3
144.6
10.5
276.4
0.0
9.2
0.0
0.0
2.9
0.0
5.0
17.3
54.6
52.2
5.0
62.7
19.5
3.0
325.5
0.0
2.5
15.3
3.1
0.0
271.8
1.5
1999
2.7
303.2
1.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
1.2
1.2
0.0
272.6
0.0
0.0
25.7
0.2
913.0
0.0
16.4
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.7
183.0
115.5
12.4
294.4
0.0
9.5
0.0
1.5
1.3
0.0
7.0
15.2
62.9
92.8
1.9
72.5
20.0
4.9
291.5
1.5
0.5
7.7
1.0
0.0
247.6
3.4
2000
5.0
290.2
1.5
0.0
3.0
2.5
2.8
1.8
0.0
262.7
0.4
0.5
11.2
3.7
1,056.7
0.0
20.3
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.5
216.1
168.5
17.2
337.0
0.0
16.0
0.0
0.5
3.3
0.0
6.3
17.2
77.7
76.5
3.0
79.6
13.9
1.5
299.0
1.0
0.0
10.8
4.5
0.0
250.2
2.3
2001
4.0
239.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
3.9
3.5
2.2
0.0
218.4
0.0
0.0
3.5
4.0
1,103.6
0.0
14.9
0.0
1.0
0.6
1.0
231.0
173.7
16.2
297.5
0.8
9.3
1.0
2.3
5.3
0.0
8.2
12.3
88.7
110.4
2.3
107.5
14.8
4.8
292.8
1.0
1.0
9.5
7.4
0.0
236.4
4.5
2002
2.2
225.3
2.0
0.0
0.0
2.4
1.3
1.5
0.0
209.5
0.0
0.0
6.6
2.0
1,101.2
0.0
7.7
0.0
0.0
1.6
1.7
241.8
170.5
19.8
296.0
0.5
13.2
0.0
2.0
4.2
0.0
10.7
7.4
67.6
114.4
2.5
116.6
16.5
6.5
312.9
0.7
1.0
10.0
6.5
1.3
258.4
3.1
2003
3.7
258.3
0.0
3.0
6.8
3.0
2.6
1.0
1.0
233.3
0.0
0.0
6.4
1.3
1,170.5
0.0
16.7
0.0
1.0
0.0
2.5
232.3
156.5
14.4
330.9
0.1
16.0
0.0
1.0
3.4
1.0
15.7
17.1
111.3
125.9
3.5
101.8
14.7
4.5
345.6
0.0
1.5
9.0
9.5
0.0
281.7
4.3
2004
9.2
245.7
0.0
0.0
9.7
1.0
4.5
3.0
1.0
210.4
0.0
0.5
13.3
2.3
1,197.8
0.0
13.4
1.5
0.5
0.3
2.5
292.6
140.2
18.0
304.8
1.6
9.2
0.0
0.8
2.2
0.0
7.9
11.0
104.4
136.7
3.2
124.8
19.7
2.4
348.0
0.3
3.2
9.8
6.3
0.0
274.3
6.5
2005
NA
173.3
0.0
0.0
2.8
3.2
2.5
1.3
0.0
155.9
0.0
0.0
7.6
0.0
1,343.2
1.4
17.2
0.0
1.5
0.3
2.0
283.2
162.8
17.6
345.8
0.8
15.6
0.0
0.5
5.9
0.0
10.5
12.8
115.4
144.2
6.8
166.2
27.6
4.9
305.2
0.0
1.0
8.0
11.2
0.0
232.9
6.0
2006
NA
209.9
3.3
0.0
2.0
3.8
1.0
1.7
0.8
188.1
0.0
0.0
9.2
0.0
1,701.1
1.0
12.9
0.0
0.3
0.0
2.2
392.9
207.0
19.1
413.9
0.0
28.9
0.0
0.0
2.7
0.0
14.0
21.7
147.6
182.3
5.3
208.4
35.9
4.9
383.4
2.0
3.3
10.0
25.2
0.9
287.2
6.0
2007
NA
213.2
0.2
0.0
5.5
2.3
0.9
0.5
0.2
187.8
0.5
0.0
12.4
2.9
1,946.4
1.0
17.3
1.0
0.0
2.4
2.0
471.3
205.4
19.7
509.4
0.0
23.6
0.0
0.5
5.8
0.0
12.8
20.5
131.9
229.0
7.5
236.1
32.6
16.5
377.5
3.7
0.5
17.0
28.4
0.0
276.5
4.7
2008
NA
162.9
0.2
1.5
5.0
3.6
3.4
1.5
0.0
129.9
0.0
0.0
16.6
1.3
2,215.7
0.3
16.8
0.3
0.0
1.3
1.5
561.7
236.5
20.3
475.3
1.0
43.1
0.0
1.0
7.0
0.0
9.4
27.1
143.5
271.6
6.7
325.7
46.6
18.9
489.8
2.7
1.5
14.1
32.2
1.5
368.8
7.5
2009
NA
187.1
0.5
0.3
3.0
3.9
4.0
0.7
1.8
162.8
0.0
0.0
9.5
0.7
2,246.5
4.0
21.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
599.8
239.0
23.5
476.5
0.8
49.4
0.0
0.5
4.8
0.0
12.4
32.9
151.3
252.8
15.7
311.4
37.8
11.4
507.0
2.0
0.0
23.6
55.3
2.2
329.7
10.3
Appendix table 5-40

Kuwait
Lebanon
Libya
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St Kitts and Nevis
St Lucia
St Vincent
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Venezuela
1995
6.5
3.3
1.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
4.5
0.0
0.3
1.3
0.0
186.6
1.0
31.0
0.0
2.7
0.0
2.3
58.9
11.2
5.0
1.6
4.7
0.0
1.0
2.0
1.2
0.0
1.7
2.0
1.0
0.5
6.7
42.2
1.0
0.0
1.0
1.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
1.0
4.5
0.0
1996
9.3
4.8
1.0
4.2
1.0
0.0
9.5
1.0
1.3
6.0
0.5
197.0
0.0
29.2
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.6
65.8
16.2
4.4
2.0
2.4
0.0
0.0
1.3
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.3
5.8
41.6
2.0
1.0
0.0
7.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
2.3
7.3
0.0
1997
5.8
2.8
0.0
0.8
1.0
0.0
4.0
1.0
2.5
9.0
0.0
204.0
0.0
27.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
3.5
52.6
16.8
8.6
2.8
1.1
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.5
0.3
2.0
0.0
0.6
4.0
63.5
1.7
0.0
0.5
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
1.0
7.8
0.5
1998
4.5
4.8
0.0
2.0
1.5
0.0
13.0
0.5
1.5
3.5
0.0
210.5
0.0
41.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
73.9
15.5
8.2
1.8
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.9
0.0
0.0
2.5
1.0
0.3
0.3
3.3
40.1
0.0
0.9
1.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
2.3
7.7
0.0
1999
3.2
1.5
0.0
5.1
0.0
2.0
10.0
0.0
2.5
5.5
0.0
193.8
0.0
25.2
0.0
1.0
0.0
2.8
78.5
13.2
6.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
4.8
48.1
0.5
1.0
0.0
1.7
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
5.1
0.0
2000
5.5
8.2
0.0
2.7
3.0
0.0
3.8
0.3
3.5
2.6
0.5
276.6
0.0
47.4
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
95.1
34.4
10.2
2.1
2.0
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.5
4.7
50.3
1.3
0.3
1.3
4.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.6
1.0
14.5
0.3
2001
3.0
13.3
0.0
2.3
2.5
0.0
4.5
1.0
2.8
3.5
0.0
259.9
0.0
34.5
0.0
4.5
0.0
2.3
100.2
22.5
13.5
2.8
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
1.3
4.2
53.6
0.5
0.0
0.0
6.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.8
2.3
7.7
0.0
2002
8.9
5.9
0.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
6.0
0.6
1.1
5.5
0.0
250.4
0.0
32.6
0.0
4.0
0.0
2.1
86.1
25.0
9.4
2.3
2.0
0.0
1.0
0.5
1.3
0.0
1.1
0.0
0.3
0.9
0.5
59.1
0.3
2.0
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
4.5
5.0
8.0
0.0
2003
6.1
13.0
1.0
2.8
0.8
0.0
5.5
0.8
2.5
7.0
0.0
265.5
0.0
39.6
0.0
0.8
0.0
0.6
77.2
30.2
12.5
2.9
3.8
1.0
0.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.5
72.5
1.5
1.5
1.0
4.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.8
3.1
7.2
0.0
2004
9.3
12.2
0.5
3.5
1.0
0.3
7.8
0.0
1.7
9.7
1.3
295.2
0.0
43.6
0.0
1.5
0.0
2.7
113.7
28.4
13.2
3.8
1.1
0.3
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.8
5.3
58.6
0.5
0.0
0.0
4.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.8
5.4
3.5
0.3
2005
7.8
7.3
0.0
5.1
0.0
1.5
6.5
0.4
6.0
11.5
0.0
352.3
0.0
38.1
1.0
1.0
0.0
3.3
121.0
47.7
13.2
4.5
1.8
2.0
0.0
3.0
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.3
0.5
3.7
80.3
1.0
0.5
0.0
11.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
3.8
11.0
0.0
2006
7.3
10.1
0.0
3.0
1.0
3.0
5.5
2.5
5.3
10.8
0.0
371.1
0.0
51.1
0.0
1.3
0.0
2.3
124.6
49.0
13.3
2.8
5.8
1.0
0.0
0.0
1.7
0.0
2.3
0.0
2.0
0.5
2.7
89.4
1.7
0.0
0.5
5.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.5
4.3
5.8
0.0
2007
6.5
6.0
0.3
2.2
2.0
3.8
4.5
0.8
8.2
12.5
0.0
610.3
0.0
78.4
0.0
4.1
0.0
2.1
180.1
96.6
26.4
0.5
5.0
1.5
1.3
1.8
0.0
2.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.5
146.8
1.6
2.7
0.0
6.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.2
5.1
33.0
0.0
2008
8.3
10.3
0.5
4.1
2.5
2.5
6.5
1.3
6.6
18.9
0.0
680.4
0.0
90.6
1.5
3.5
0.0
4.6
209.1
104.4
24.7
6.1
3.1
1.0
1.8
3.5
0.0
0.5
2.3
1.0
0.0
1.5
5.2
164.4
0.5
0.9
0.0
10.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
6.2
4.0
28.7
0.0
2009
5.8
19.5
0.5
8.5
2.8
0.5
8.8
0.5
16.5
18.8
1.7
525.6
0.0
67.7
0.3
2.0
0.0
4.8
196.2
73.1
26.4
5.4
5.5
2.0
0.2
2.5
0.0
0.3
2.2
0.3
0.3
0.0
4.3
95.7
0.3
0.3
0.5
10.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.9
5.8
10.6
0.0
Appendix table 5-40

Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Chad
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cte dIvoire
Djibouti
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
1995
245.2
0.0
0.0
7.2
0.5
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.1
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
2.5
0.3
0.0
9.8
0.0
0.0
18.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
1.6
0.0
1.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
20.5
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
139.5
1.0
0.5
8.8
1.0
3.3
1996
237.2
0.0
0.0
14.5
1.5
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.3
0.0
2.2
3.7
0.0
0.0
19.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.3
1.0
18.0
0.5
0.0
7.5
0.0
1.8
0.0
136.6
1.0
0.0
5.7
0.0
2.0
1997
221.2
0.0
0.3
5.7
1.2
0.0
6.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.8
0.0
1.7
13.6
0.0
0.0
10.3
1.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.8
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
1.0
21.2
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
120.6
1.0
1.0
8.9
0.0
4.5
1998
216.6
0.1
0.5
4.0
1.3
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
2.2
0.0
0.7
8.9
1.0
0.1
13.6
1.0
0.0
1.0
3.8
1.7
0.0
0.0
2.8
1.5
0.0
23.8
0.0
0.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
110.8
0.0
0.0
5.8
1.0
4.6
1999
199.6
0.0
0.0
12.5
1.9
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.4
0.0
0.0
0.8
4.0
0.0
0.3
10.8
0.0
0.0
17.2
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.5
0.3
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
17.4
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
91.6
0.5
0.0
8.8
0.0
4.2
2000
225.6
0.0
0.4
8.7
1.6
0.0
5.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
3.3
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.8
0.3
0.3
10.0
0.0
0.0
11.3
2.5
1.0
0.8
1.3
1.3
0.0
0.0
2.1
1.5
1.3
16.3
0.0
0.0
4.2
0.0
1.0
0.0
117.4
2.0
2.5
9.0
0.0
4.7
2001
246.9
0.0
1.0
12.8
0.3
0.0
8.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.3
0.0
0.3
9.4
0.0
0.0
21.6
1.0
0.0
2.8
2.5
1.3
0.0
0.5
0.5
0.0
2.3
18.5
1.0
0.0
4.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.7
0.3
0.0
1.4
0.5
8.0
2002
328.5
1.5
0.0
18.0
1.6
0.0
7.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
3.0
9.2
0.0
3.2
8.4
0.0
0.3
30.9
0.0
0.0
0.8
3.5
2.0
0.0
2.0
1.8
3.0
0.3
28.1
0.0
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
169.1
1.3
0.0
7.8
0.0
6.8
2003
247.9
0.0
1.2
7.0
1.6
0.0
3.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
2.3
0.0
0.0
1.0
6.7
0.2
0.0
9.9
0.0
0.0
16.4
1.0
0.0
1.5
1.7
0.6
0.0
1.0
0.3
1.5
0.5
23.9
0.0
0.0
4.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
137.3
0.0
0.0
3.9
1.0
5.9
2004
277.9
0.0
1.1
8.7
1.9
0.0
10.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.1
0.0
1.0
9.6
0.0
0.3
9.4
1.5
0.0
0.0
3.8
0.6
0.0
2.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
26.2
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
168.9
0.0
1.0
6.5
1.0
6.0
2005
311.8
0.0
0.0
8.5
0.0
0.0
9.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
7.6
0.0
0.3
8.6
0.0
0.0
17.4
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.8
0.7
0.0
1.0
0.5
2.0
1.3
17.7
0.5
0.0
7.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
191.4
0.8
0.0
15.9
0.0
8.7
2006
386.1
0.0
1.3
11.0
2.7
0.0
9.4
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.8
13.2
0.4
0.7
8.5
0.0
0.0
15.5
1.5
1.1
2.8
1.5
0.5
0.0
1.0
3.6
0.0
2.0
29.9
1.6
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
240.8
0.9
0.0
13.8
1.0
8.7
2007
423.1
0.0
3.0
6.8
2.0
0.0
9.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.6
0.0
1.8
0.0
0.0
1.5
14.9
0.0
0.0
15.5
0.0
0.0
24.6
1.0
0.0
0.3
11.2
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
1.4
0.6
22.7
0.3
0.0
3.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
271.8
1.3
1.0
9.3
0.5
5.1
2008
516.2
0.0
0.8
12.6
0.5
0.3
9.1
0.0
0.8
0.3
0.0
0.0
1.2
1.5
0.0
0.0
1.0
18.9
1.2
0.6
28.8
0.3
0.0
35.3
2.0
0.0
1.3
8.7
1.1
0.0
5.5
1.9
0.5
0.8
44.7
0.0
0.0
5.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
288.5
4.9
0.0
18.8
0.0
6.7
2009
384.1
0.0
1.0
4.1
3.1
0.0
8.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.6
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.5
15.2
0.0
0.0
13.7
0.0
0.0
31.8
0.0
0.0
0.3
7.0
1.0
0.0
4.3
4.3
1.5
1.0
30.8
0.5
0.0
7.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
212.3
4.5
1.2
12.7
0.0
8.9
Appendix table 5-40

Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other
Australia
Canada
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Niue
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Western Samoa
1995
3.5
10.3
2,002.9
704.6
1,184.6
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
107.3
0.0
0.0
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1996
2.5
9.1
2,152.1
779.4
1,237.2
1.5
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
131.7
0.0
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1997
1.3
11.3
2,026.7
734.6
1,154.4
3.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
128.4
0.0
0.0
3.3
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.5
1998
2.8
12.1
1,948.5
751.6
1,071.4
2.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
120.5
0.0
0.0
2.5
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1999
0.7
11.0
1,954.4
784.1
1,024.5
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
139.8
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
2000
1.3
9.0
1,992.8
757.4
1,093.4
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
133.5
0.0
3.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.1
2001
3.4
15.0
1,979.8
717.8
1,122.0
5.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
134.6
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2002
2.8
13.3
1,965.3
698.4
1,126.1
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
137.8
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2003
3.6
9.2
2,114.7
704.5
1,247.2
4.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
157.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2004
0.5
6.7
2,107.7
761.9
1,223.5
4.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
116.0
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
2005
2.3
3.6
2,241.8
829.3
1,238.6
3.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
170.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2006
2.5
4.4
2,455.2
930.4
1,322.8
5.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
194.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.5
2007
3.5
6.6
2,895.6
1,114.8
1,530.9
15.9
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
232.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
2008
5.7
6.2
3,213.3
1,373.0
1,554.0
12.7
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
270.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3

2009
1.8
4.1
3,097.4
1,267.5
1,586.9
9.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
232.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
$SSHQGL[WDEOH
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Appendix table 5-43

U.S. S&E articles, by field and sector: 19952010
Field and sector
All fields
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Private nonprofit
Joint sectors
Unknown sector
Engineering
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Private nonprofit
Joint sectors
Unknown sector
Astronomy
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Private nonprofit
Joint sectors
Unknown sector
Chemistry
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Private nonprofit
Joint sectors
Unknown sector
Physics
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Private nonprofit
Joint sectors
Unknown sector
Geosciences
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Private nonprofit
Joint sectors
1995
194,255
15,295
15,790
139,039
5,498
15,599
1,892
4
1,138
12,636
1,024
2,669
7,857
750
222
45
0
69
2,483
256
63
1,613
246
289
0
0
16
14,915
766
2,438
10,732
651
277
26
0
26
19,692
1,195
2,237
13,606
2,380
210
5
0*
58
9,841
1,516
684
6,410
504
461
208
1
1996
192,790
14,745
14,941
139,239
5,217
15,427
1,823
1
1,397
11,702
845
2,407
7,434
712
165
33
0
106
2,651
270
48
1,701
287
331
1
0
13
15,219
764
2,357
11,031
694
299
27
0
45
18,890
1,023
2,182
13,309
2,078
229
6
0
63
9,918
1,478
611
6,607
510
437
191
0*
1997
189,477
14,090
14,116
137,571
5,221
15,291
1,808
1
1,380
11,760
908
2,342
7,292
889
181
37
0
111
2,557
295
51
1,656
235
307
0
0
13
14,375
698
2,031
10,668
647
271
29
0
32
18,037
991
1,815
12,903
2,042
202
7
0
78
9,237
1,294
638
6,183
480
399
174
0
1998
189,813
13,938
13,993
138,132
5,104
15,220
1,847
2
1,576
11,815
859
2,359
7,448
807
183
35
0
124
1,932
207
54
1,256
183
221
0*
0
9
14,414
650
1,849
10,914
636
290
27
0
49
17,951
992
1,884
12,719
2,093
161
5
1
96
9,835
1,415
617
6,526
508
467
209
0
1999
190,390
13,722
14,178
138,391
5,229
15,674
1,814
5
1,378
12,312
893
2,411
7,817
782
189
96
0
124
2,829
306
58
1,811
264
369
0*
0
21
14,491
607
1,955
10,848
676
331
27
0
46
18,061
1,071
1,807
12,728
2,174
197
4
1
79
9,891
1,405
639
6,563
517
478
208
1
2000
188,125
13,566
13,758
137,030
5,051
15,935
1,763
13
1,008
11,637
814
2,316
7,420
760
211
33
1
82
2,566
264
57
1,602
271
346
0*
0
26
14,560
614
1,818
10,998
715
348
35
1
31
16,888
884
1,679
12,095
1,994
194
2
1
38
9,787
1,401
555
6,590
495
471
217
2
2001
193,066
13,816
13,970
140,799
5,264
16,356
1,881
18
964
12,560
886
2,287
8,203
913
161
33
1
76
2,697
252
54
1,747
274
348
0
1
21
14,342
655
1,760
10,855
705
312
26
1
28
17,376
942
1,814
12,307
2,077
187
6
0*
44
10,081
1,402
660
6,714
498
502
255
3
2002
187,400
13,250
13,391
137,330
4,879
15,623
1,816
16
1,095
12,475
844
2,227
8,261
733
156
163
1
90
2,996
229
68
1,947
282
439
0
0
30
14,043
647
1,830
10,566
639
306
21
0
35
17,288
903
1,652
12,411
2,053
210
2
0
58
9,227
1,357
561
6,174
411
450
218
3
2003
202,475
13,987
14,310
148,703
5,727
16,755
1,836
15
1,141
13,467
885
2,384
8,925
892
176
93
1
111
2,719
191
55
1,810
270
364
0
0
29
15,763
673
2,126
11,823
749
320
26
1
46
18,643
978
1,773
13,228
2,392
215
2
2
54
11,499
1,625
577
7,839
631
506
257
0*
2004
192,913
13,157
13,096
142,491
5,359
16,192
1,774
29
814
12,671
827
1,916
8,783
820
203
60
3
59
2,874
220
38
1,877
303
404
0*
1
29
15,110
669
2,102
11,181
773
320
24
0*
41
17,642
941
1,585
12,753
2,127
187
7
1
41
10,447
1,426
560
7,194
498
503
224
2
2005
214,557
14,243
13,631
160,112
6,007
17,608
1,984
36
938
2006
207,874
13,624
13,190
156,085
5,654
17,004
1,930
23
364
14,455
952
2,091
10,119
936
194
87
2
76
2,853
208
46
1,854
308
409
0
2
27
17,138
702
1,947
13,134
986
310
22
1
36
20,540
913
1,568
15,417
2,370
225
4
3
40
11,120
1,504
564
7,773
497
497
224
8
14,347
869
2,052
10,294
838
185
84
1
25
2,885
201
42
1,914
310
394
0
1
23
16,266
632
1,944
2,521
811
318
25
1
14
19,787
925
1,556
14,714
2,335
223
7
3
24
11,361
1,482
592
8,026
506
507
228
2
2007
204,307
13,143
12,523
154,085
5,389
16,887
1,871
17
393
14,048
772
1,903
10,129
980
177
57
0*
29
2,805
184
52
1,895
311
341
0*
1
21
15,268
599
1,793
11,761
782
293
17
1
21
18,209
845
1,316
13,778
2,030
210
5
2
22
11,223
1,484
602
7,859
475
519
263
1
2008
221,913
14,111
13,503
167,795
5,694
18,509
1,936
8
357
15,140
868
1,973
11,130
834
221
92
0
20
2,981
241
79
1,954
313
375
0
0
19
16,684
629
1,861
12,838
906
404
23
0
22
20,696
922
1,398
15,892
2,210
247
5
0*
21
12,472
1,682
639
8,700
605
574
251
3
2009
214,350
13,071
12,790
162,999
5,346
17,975
1,887
2
280
15,299
878
2,015
11,139
986
197
68
0
15
3,421
243
78
2,317
327
435
0
0
22
17,064
624
1,754
13,313
918
415
26
0
16
18,551
762
1,284
14,387
1,877
222
5
0
14
11,993
1,594
599
8,536
492
543
214
1
2010
203,053
12,363
11,813
154,607
4,953
17,380
1,748
1
188
13,823
695
1,653
10,489
711
199
65
0
11
2,876
207
50
1,946
281
377
0*
0
15
16,977
597
1,675
13,365
952
364
17
0
7
17,632
728
1,117
13,714
1,845
211
6
0
10
11,311
1,440
588
8,063
459
535
215
0*
Appendix table 5-43

Field and sector
Unknown sector
Mathematics
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Private nonprofit
Joint sectors
Unknown sector
Computer sciences
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Private nonprofit
Joint sectors
Unknown sector
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Private nonprofit
Joint sectors
Unknown sector
Biological sciences
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Private nonprofit
Joint sectors
Unknown sector
Medical sciences
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Private nonprofit
Joint sectors
Unknown sector
Other life sciences
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Private nonprofit
1995
57
3,207
55
105
2,967
33
39
1
0
6
1,914
41
398
1,399
27
33
1
0
15
3,648
635
289
2,599
19
55
30
0
22
54,056
5,089
4,276
38,673
656
4,652
544
1
167
51,943
3,892
2,127
36,510
195
7,983
820
2
413
2,338
121
112
1,605
2
376
44
1996
83
3,288
51
103
3,043
47
36
4
0
5
1,923
44
390
1,412
27
26
1
0
22
3,346
531
229
2,454
17
49
28
0
38
53,287
4,872
3,932
38,536
626
4,611
536
0*
174
51,404
4,035
2,133
35,981
191
7,796
753
0*
514
2,811
129
106
2,037
0
373
77
1997
69
3,062
45
89
2,841
41
37
3
0
6
1,929
50
434
1,352
42
32
1
0
19
3,605
610
241
2,615
16
52
33
0
38
51,694
4,633
3,690
37,484
624
4,561
508
0
194
52,146
3,796
2,189
36,890
176
7,842
778
1
474
3,009
141
154
2,181
1
376
48
1998
92
3,497
55
126
3,223
41
43
2
0
6
1,952
49
445
1,364
48
23
1
0
23
3,464
586
235
2,532
12
38
24
0
37
52,061
4,574
3,650
38,004
567
4,513
518
0*
235
52,402
3,860
2,267
36,793
182
7,966
792
1
541
3,009
123
153
2,181
0
368
74
1999
80
3,573
68
130
3,277
41
46
4
0
6
2,008
61
448
1,397
52
27
1
0
22
2,804
463
201
2,043
8
40
19
0
29
51,425
4,501
3,628
37,582
551
4,472
488
0*
204
52,550
3,637
2,373
36,930
146
8,188
782
2
491
2,876
116
156
2,081
0
387
52
2000
55
3,767
59
120
3,459
70
52
2
0
5
2,075
41
481
1,475
31
35
1
0
12
3,640
656
250
2,639
12
45
18
0*
20
50,989
4,469
3,599
37,179
544
4,531
515
3
150
51,886
3,625
2,381
36,234
138
8,380
756
4
367
2,942
135
147
2,147
1
386
56
2001
47
3,666
48
127
3,402
39
46
1
0
4
2,083
42
461
1,482
44
36
1
1
16
3,203
548
262
2,260
8
48
50
0
27
52,680
4,516
3,554
38,661
551
4,718
532
4
145
53,437
3,782
2,490
37,190
127
8,682
808
7
351
3,146
170
149
2,336
1
371
59
2002
52
3,568
54
111
3,318
39
39
1
0
6
1,999
41
443
1,454
31
19
0*
0
11
3,924
629
263
2,928
9
46
27
0*
22
50,085
4,262
3,299
36,887
540
4,426
505
4
162
51,384
3,541
2,491
35,933
126
8,178
711
6
398
2,958
144
157
2,121
1
408
58
2003
63
3,774
46
107
3,539
42
29
1
0*
10
2,254
35
409
1,736
36
23
2
1
12
3,903
669
232
2,888
21
53
19
0
21
52,968
4,412
3,501
39,152
538
4,655
512
3
194
56,128
3,764
2,699
39,298
137
9,055
768
4
404
2,964
135
149
2,207
2
365
50
2004
40
3,574
51
89
3,340
55
34
1
0
4
2,173
34
343
1,729
38
18
0
0
10
3,526
628
220
2,585
11
48
22
2
11
51,491
4,256
3,153
38,271
584
4,560
536
7
124
53,541
3,506
2,671
37,503
127
8,663
741
10
320
2,699
109
142
2,025
0
348
43
*
*
2005
52
3,933
55
86
3,685
63
37
1
0
6
2,390
42
366
1,912
41
20
1
2
6
3,561
649
220
2,595
17
50
17
0
13
55,494
4,546
3,322
41,463
622
4,808
561
5
167
60,130
3,836
2,906
42,321
144
9,663
913
11
335
3,670
230
193
2,695
1
446
50
2006
18
3,940
47
81
3,719
57
34
1
0
1
2,521
40
376
2,024
44
28
2
1
5
3,964
758
227
2,876
18
55
25
1
4
51,775
4,202
2,941
38,999
589
4,484
495
3
62
57,052
3,646
2,877
40,307
114
9,122
850
8
127
4,456
213
235
3,248
0*
649
90
2007
20
3,813
52
84
3,594
48
27
1
0
6
2,329
56
321
1,875
39
31
1
1
5
3,624
674
221
2,641
21
42
21
0
4
51,849
4,125
2,886
39,191
536
4,513
528
4
67
57,535
3,556
2,882
40,830
130
9,186
809
5
137
3,947
179
195
2,944
0*
552
64
2008
18
4,482
55
91
4,234
65
31
2
0
4
2,337
35
352
1,886
32
26
1
0
5
3,859
761
242
2,757
12
55
25
0*
6
53,394
4,241
3,046
40,309
547
4,682
508
1
60
62,017
3,767
3,192
43,928
138
10,058
821
1
113
4,706
207
251
3,473
0*
677
81
2009
13
4,275
48
87
4,052
52
32
1
0
4
2,282
32
286
1,888
34
35
2
0
5
3,490
610
217
2,563
14
56
25
0*
5
51,037
3,908
2,920
38,680
504
4,507
470
0*
48
59,898
3,556
2,981
42,483
125
9,790
880
0*
83
4,714
225
230
3,496
0
667
79
2010
10
3,841
58
79
3,619
45
35
2
0
4
2,160
36
260
1,812
29
20
1
0
3
3,371
595
212
2,471
15
48
25
0
5
47,933
3,692
2,692
36,245
480
4,353
440
0
31
57,174
3,410
2,923
40,461
108
9,428
792
0*
52
4,394
221
220
3,192
0
679
68
Appendix table 5-43

Field and sector
Joint sectors
Unknown sector
Psychology
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Private nonprofit
Joint sectors
Unknown sector
Social sciences
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Private nonprofit
Joint sectors
Unknown sector
1995
0
77
7,830
224
170
6,859
4
332
110
0
133
9,751
481
223
8,208
32
670
58
0
80
1996
0
89
8,258
280
192
7,117
0*
410
115
0
144
10,094
422
251
8,576
29
665
52
0
100
1997
0
108
8,130
248
170
7,053
2
399
116
0*
143
9,935
382
271
8,456
26
632
74
0
93
1998
0
110
7,736
225
144
6,755
3
354
106
1
149
9,745
343
209
8,416
25
592
55
0
106
1999
0*
83
7,806
240
170
6,850
2
354
85
0*
106
9,763
354
203
8,463
16
595
47
0
85
2000
0
70
7,499
237
165
6,575
1
359
70
0
93
9,888
368
190
8,616
20
578
57
0
59
2001
1
59
7,809
221
182
6,868
0
389
69
0*
81
9,985
353
170
8,772
27
555
42
0
66
2002
0*
69
7,691
218
150
6,794
2
369
66
3
88
9,763
381
140
8,536
14
577
44
0
72
2003
1
55
7,892
218
141
7,058
1
348
59
1
65
10,501
357
156
9,200
16
645
48
0
79
2004
0*
31
7,410
183
133
6,637
0*
337
72
1
46
9,754
307
143
8,612
23
567
45
0*
57
2005
1
54
8,482
216
173
7,599
1
365
63
1
64
10,790
390
150
9,546
19
584
41
0
61
2006
1
19
8,821
231
140
7,904
2
443
82
2
17
10,700
378
125
9,538
28
563
42
1
25
2007
0
12
8,665
211
125
7,821
1
414
66
2
23
10,993
404
141
9,767
36
581
38
1
25
2008
1
17
10,210
288
184
9,169
2
469
78
0*
20
12,935
414
195
11,525
30
689
48
2
32
2009
0*
16
10,181
227
171
9,235
2
461
74
0
12
12,144
363
170
10,910
15
615
43
0*
26
2010
0
13
9,519
258
154
8,580
2
447
71
0*
6
12,042
425
192
10,650
25
684
46
0
21
* = rounds to zero
FFRDC = federally funded research and development center
NOTES: Article counts from set of journals covered by Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Articles classified by year they entered database, rather than year of publication, and assigned to sector on
basis of institutional address(es) listed on article. Articles on fractional-count basis, i.e., for articles with collaborating institutions from multiple sectors, each sector receives fractional credit on basis of proportion of its participating
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Appendix table 5-45

Share of all S&E articles and top 1% of cited articles and index of highly cited articles, by field and selected region/country/economy: 2000 and 2010
(Percent)
Field/citation period
All fields
2000
2010
Engineering
2000
2010
Astronomy
2000
2010
Chemistry
2000
2010
Physics
2000
2010
Geosciences
2000
2010
Mathematics
2000
2010
Computer sciences
2000
2010
2000
2010
Biological sciences
2000
2010
Medical sciences
2000
2010
Other life sciences
2000
2010
Psychology
2000
2010
Social sciences
2000
2010
United
States
Share of top 1% cited articles
Share of all articlesa
Index of highly cited articles
EU
Asia-8
China
Japan
United
States
32.4
27.8
35.4
32.4
4.1
7.4
2.0
7.5
8.8
7.0
59.9
48.9
25.9
30.4
0.4
2.7
0.2
3.6
5.0
4.3
1.8
1.8
0.7
0.9
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.6
0.6
27.1
19.7
30.8
27.8
8.9
15.1
3.9
12.5
12.6
8.4
45.3
38.5
29.5
26.4
2.8
8.5
1.4
12.3
11.1
4.7
1.7
2.0
1.0
1.0
0.3
0.6
0.4
1.0
0.9
0.6
34.1
31.5
40.3
39.1
2.2
3.4
1.6
4.5
4.7
4.6
53.2
52.6
35.2
35.3
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.4
4.5
4.1
1.6
1.7
0.9
0.9
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.0
0.9
20.3
16.8
38.7
30.7
7.0
10.6
3.7
14.6
11.2
8.7
48.6
34.2
30.2
33.2
1.5
6.0
0.6
10.6
9.3
6.7
2.4
2.0
0.8
1.1
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.7
0.8
0.8
21.8
18.4
35.8
31.2
5.8
10.0
4.2
12.7
12.0
9.8
43.6
37.3
35.5
35.2
1.2
4.3
0.9
6.4
9.3
6.5
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.1
0.2
0.4
0.2
0.5
0.8
0.7
33.7
28.1
33.7
31.9
3.2
5.5
1.6
6.0
5.1
5.2
56.6
44.5
26.2
29.1
0.9
2.6
0.3
4.7
2.1
2.1
1.7
1.6
0.8
0.9
0.3
0.5
0.2
0.8
0.4
0.4
31.5
23.7
38.8
38.1
3.6
4.9
4.1
10.6
4.2
4.2
57.6
40.7
28.6
33.1
0.2
3.4
1.8
8.7
0.5
2.1
1.8
1.7
0.7
0.9
0.1
0.7
0.4
0.8
0.1
0.5
43.5
31.6
27.4
30.7
8.5
10.2
3.1
9.8
4.0
2.4
58.5
44.3
27.9
25.9
1.1
3.7
1.4
9.7
1.1
0.5
1.3
1.4
1.0
0.8
0.1
0.4
0.4
1.0
0.3
0.2
28.9
21.9
32.9
33.4
3.5
7.3
0.6
5.8
8.1
6.9
38.7
29.4
38.0
37.3
1.2
4.6
0.2
3.8
3.5
3.9
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.7
0.4
0.6
36.5
33.0
34.5
31.9
2.9
5.8
1.0
5.0
8.5
7.2
63.3
56.8
22.7
27.6
0.3
1.3
0.1
0.8
5.1
4.0
1.7
1.7
0.7
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.6
0.6
36.0
33.6
38.3
35.5
2.3
4.9
0.8
2.8
8.3
6.4
60.6
54.2
26.5
31.0
0.2
1.1
0.3
0.9
3.4
2.3
1.7
1.6
0.7
0.9
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.4
60.6
50.3
22.8
23.3
0.6
3.1
0.6
1.3
0.5
0.9
76.4
69.5
17.8
14.8
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
1.3
1.4
0.8
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
55.8
46.2
25.0
31.8
0.5
1.6
0.6
0.9
2.1
1.7
70.2
64.9
17.8
24.5
0.0
0.0 *
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.3
1.4
0.7
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0 *
0.1
49.4
38.9
29.1
35.4
1.9
3.2
0.9
1.6
1.2
1.6
69.7
58.5
22.5
26.2
1.1
1.4
0.1
0.6
0.2
0.0 *
1.4
1.5
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.0 *
EU
Asia-8
China
Japan
United
States
EU
Asia-8
China
Japan
* = rounds to zero
EU = European Union
aArticle
data refer to articles in the 3-year cited window, i.e., 2000 data are articles in 199698; 2010 data are articles in 200608.
NOTES: Article counts from set of journals covered by Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Articles classified by year they entered database and
assigned to country/economy on basis of institutional address(es) listed on article. Articles/citations on fractional-count basis, i.e., for articles with collaborating institutions from
multiple countries/economies, each country/economy receives fractional credit on basis of proportion of its participating institutions. See appendix table 5-25 for countries/economies
included in EU and Asia-8. Citation data based on year article entered database. Citation data based on 3-year period with 2-year lag, e.g., citations for 2000 are references made in
articles in 2000 data tape to articles in 199698 data tapes. Index of highly cited articles is share of worlds top 1% cited articles divided by share of world articles in cited year
window.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, and The Patent BoardTM, special tabulations (2011) from Thomson Reuters, SCI
and SSCI, http://thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/.
Appendix table 5-46

U.S. utility patent awards, by selected characteristics of patent owner: 19982010
Characteristic
Patents granted
Patents granted to U.S. owners
Patents granted to U.S. nongovernment owners
Patents granted to U.S. universities
Top 200 R&D institutions in 2009
University of California
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
California Institute of Technology
University of Texas
Stanford University
University of Wisconsin
Johns Hopkins University
University of Michigan
Cornell University
Columbia University
University of Florida
University of Pennsylvania
University of Washington
State University of New York
Georgia Institute of Technology
University of Illinois
Harvard University
Michigan State University
University of Minnesota
University of Chicago
Pennsylvania State University
University of North Carolina System
Duke University
University of Maryland System
Scripps Research Institute
New York University
University of Southern California
North Carolina State University
University of Utah
Princeton University
University of Pittsburgh
University of Massachusetts
Northwestern University
Washington University
University of Central Florida
University of South Florida
Iowa State University
University of Alabama
Yale University
Purdue University
University of Iowa
Rutgers University
Texas A&M University
Ohio State University
University of Kentucky
Rockefeller University
University of Colorado
Emory University
19982010
2,144,774
1,143,627
975,813
44,873
43,544
5,329
1,895
1,521
1,434
1,385
1,209
1,117
925
785
771
768
659
648
629
613
610
602
569
562
550
547
545
545
528
522
485
475
455
421
421
413
390
385
385
384
375
374
368
367
366
360
356
340
337
326
310
302
291
1998
147,509
83,842
67,223
3,435
3,372
421
148
95
115
83
85
86
55
73
59
60
80
60
54
28
20
64
61
48
57
27
38
38
30
62
30
20
28
41
29
35
29
39
45
12
19
54
36
38
22
27
28
26
24
23
37
31
36
1999
153,481
87,501
70,671
3,655
3,548
470
155
103
116
92
89
110
58
70
59
55
64
54
59
38
34
49
54
55
53
45
61
42
41
46
32
16
25
37
30
41
59
26
60
15
20
46
44
32
23
34
35
25
25
32
36
29
28
2000
157,489
88,427
72,229
3,424
3,335
462
121
108
101
111
70
89
75
53
59
68
38
63
65
42
29
44
44
48
61
40
46
47
29
38
29
21
28
25
30
40
28
20
40
11
20
35
28
32
13
20
33
21
26
28
43
20
25
2001
166,033
91,038
75,787
3,555
3,472
443
142
128
101
91
76
87
59
72
63
59
55
52
42
40
36
42
41
42
63
63
51
59
43
60
39
33
32
46
47
45
24
35
42
21
16
29
34
34
18
41
22
27
21
23
28
23
21
2002
167,327
89,677
75,361
3,556
3,436
467
152
117
109
112
82
97
57
40
47
47
49
44
55
49
34
52
53
42
55
58
35
43
34
36
29
36
39
30
38
22
18
30
32
16
19
21
30
30
24
25
43
37
21
35
34
21
31
2003
169,020
90,223
76,545
3,510
3,386
466
135
144
110
87
89
81
75
64
65
64
32
36
38
47
44
45
51
43
47
56
41
47
48
32
31
32
49
24
32
30
21
21
26
26
12
29
47
31
25
31
28
22
23
29
15
25
23
2004
164,290
86,475
74,173
3,269
3,142
449
139
136
115
84
74
101
76
45
53
45
35
33
39
37
63
45
30
46
53
45
40
29
38
23
28
38
44
26
24
29
21
20
22
30
30
25
43
21
26
20
22
30
33
17
20
17
18
2005
143,805
76,620
66,183
2,925
2,843
410
146
112
101
96
79
80
86
46
60
71
47
33
32
45
37
31
27
42
30
34
45
27
32
31
22
36
41
20
35
19
13
18
20
24
18
14
20
31
27
19
18
25
31
22
11
14
17
2006
173,771
92,029
80,141
3,534
3,435
443
143
123
118
106
106
99
81
65
57
83
49
44
46
55
51
43
36
39
49
34
40
52
47
42
42
41
35
23
28
28
21
20
22
32
32
24
20
21
29
33
34
28
31
25
24
27
20
2007
157,282
81,568
71,628
3,195
3,089
371
145
117
100
95
99
69
68
55
58
63
43
43
29
55
47
47
38
40
29
31
41
35
41
35
55
40
34
33
31
24
21
24
20
34
28
28
20
21
34
27
24
30
22
16
7
18
15
2008
157,772
80,049
70,877
3,000
2,935
256
138
106
90
131
92
71
80
57
56
47
48
47
45
48
51
52
48
36
16
34
32
36
43
46
32
42
36
29
34
33
28
30
16
41
34
12
11
10
22
24
26
20
17
20
22
24
17
2009
167,350
84,860
75,859
3,268
3,171
275
141
94
117
123
123
62
69
61
50
57
40
55
58
47
70
38
43
39
19
33
28
38
41
36
39
52
28
33
29
28
45
39
17
57
38
32
20
28
47
25
20
19
27
23
19
22
15
2010
219,645
111,318
99,136
4,547
4,380
396
190
138
141
174
145
85
86
84
85
49
79
84
67
82
94
50
43
42
18
47
47
52
61
35
77
68
36
54
34
39
62
63
23
65
89
25
15
38
56
34
23
30
36
33
14
31
25
Appendix table 5-46

Characteristic
University of Arkansas
Louisiana State University System
Virginia Polytechnic Institute
Carnegie-Mellon University
Vanderbilt University
University of Nebraska
University of Rochester
Thomas Jefferson University
Baylor College of Medicine
University of Connecticut
Case Western Reserve University
University of Virginia
University of Tennessee
University of Missouri
University of New Mexico
Rice University
Florida State University
University of Georgia
University of Oklahoma
Boston University
Oregon Health Sciences University
Rensselear Polytechnic Institute
Brown University
Yeshiva University
Indiana University
Tufts University
Clemson University
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey
Dartmouth College
Wayne State University
Auburn University
Mount Sinai School of Medicine
University of Cincinnati
Georgetown University
Wake Forest University
University of Kansas
Virginia Commonwealth University
University of Delaware
Washington State University
Drexel University
University of Hawaii
NJIT/New Jersey Institute of Technology
University of Houston
Oregon State University
Northeastern University
Colorado State University
City University of New York
Kansas State University
Loma Linda University
Temple University
University of Vermont
Tulane University
Mississippi State University
19982010
286
284
280
275
267
257
250
241
239
237
221
221
219
218
215
212
207
205
205
203
186
178
175
175
172
157
154
154
151
148
144
142
138
128
122
121
118
117
117
113
106
105
102
101
96
93
92
90
87
85
79
78
75
1998
10
35
23
26
17
26
19
30
31
11
15
20
10
13
16
2
14
23
10
19
20
4
17
14
23
12
8
17
12
14
6
17
6
11
9
7
6
6
8
6
8
6
5
10
12
11
8
7
6
6
2
9
3
1999
31
17
27
27
20
25
7
30
23
19
29
16
15
17
17
2
9
12
16
20
17
5
20
10
12
8
2
11
10
18
10
14
8
8
9
16
18
2
12
5
9
8
4
5
9
7
7
12
6
5
8
6
6
2000
20
22
21
33
23
28
15
27
28
14
20
16
21
6
23
2
14
20
19
21
23
9
15
17
17
10
4
7
11
14
9
8
17
14
12
5
21
5
15
4
14
9
11
4
15
12
5
8
4
5
2
7
5
2001
30
36
13
13
27
18
16
39
17
9
21
20
24
16
17
6
7
22
20
20
16
8
22
18
20
14
7
15
8
15
9
10
17
8
12
9
11
5
15
7
8
4
10
8
9
6
6
10
5
7
5
9
5
2002
19
27
19
19
22
25
20
30
18
14
26
12
35
14
21
11
21
23
9
15
15
6
9
15
18
14
21
7
9
12
8
8
14
10
8
21
10
9
8
12
7
6
6
9
5
14
9
10
5
9
10
8
9
2003
29
25
17
25
23
20
19
22
17
17
15
24
10
19
18
6
18
16
13
16
9
15
16
13
20
11
17
15
10
8
7
24
9
13
9
9
12
7
8
5
8
5
13
9
3
7
8
7
8
12
6
7
5
2004
17
16
20
25
22
20
15
13
19
11
12
8
9
21
16
22
15
9
4
10
13
15
13
19
8
14
11
11
11
10
11
5
9
12
13
11
4
10
8
7
9
7
3
11
10
5
6
9
7
10
3
2
6
2005
19
18
13
9
16
14
18
10
9
19
11
9
8
9
15
20
17
15
6
10
8
14
14
10
14
13
13
5
7
11
14
9
10
3
3
5
2
7
8
4
6
0
7
7
9
4
4
2
3
6
5
0
7
2006
27
20
26
30
22
20
28
6
19
32
14
11
16
22
10
32
17
6
22
10
10
19
10
16
9
17
13
20
18
13
10
7
11
11
10
3
6
5
6
5
10
8
3
9
5
3
5
3
13
8
5
4
8
2007
22
18
30
16
17
16
20
9
16
23
7
16
15
19
11
24
17
9
23
15
12
27
11
7
9
9
10
12
16
9
17
4
8
10
10
5
8
10
4
8
7
7
6
9
4
5
9
4
8
5
7
6
7
2008
18
22
16
14
17
18
22
4
18
23
10
22
12
13
15
26
8
10
12
14
17
13
10
10
6
7
8
9
10
6
10
13
8
9
6
5
5
14
11
10
9
11
8
7
3
6
8
3
9
3
8
9
6
2009
18
14
28
11
20
8
28
7
8
19
19
14
15
19
16
24
14
18
19
12
15
18
9
7
2
14
7
10
11
11
16
11
5
9
5
15
5
17
4
15
6
14
12
6
3
4
4
4
5
7
7
4
3
2010
26
14
27
27
21
19
23
14
16
26
22
33
29
30
20
35
36
22
32
21
11
25
9
19
14
14
33
15
18
7
17
12
16
10
16
10
10
20
10
25
5
20
14
7
9
9
13
11
8
2
11
7
5
Appendix table 5-46

Characteristic
George Mason University
University of Miami
St. Louis University
University of Dayton
Utah State University
Ohio University
Brandeis University
Texas Tech University
University of South Carolina
University of Toledo
University of Nevada
University of Southern Mississippi
Oklahoma State University
University of Idaho
Michigan Technological University
University of Mississippi
Medical College of Wisconsin
Medical University of South Carolina
West Virginia University
Georgia State University
University of Notre Dame
University of Wyoming
University of Louisville
George Washington University
Syracuse University
North Dakota State University
Florida Atlantic University
Montana State University
University of Maine
Boston College
Medical College of Georgia
Southern Illinois University
Colorado School of Mines
University of Oregon
University of New Hampshire
University of Montana
New Mexico State University
Eastern Virginia Medical School
San Diego State University
Old Dominion University
New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology
College of William and Mary
Wright State University
University of North Dakota
Rush University
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Desert Research Institute
Uniformed Services University of The Health Sciences
Florida International University
South Dakota State University
University of Alaska
University of Louisiana
Wichita State University
19982010
74
70
70
67
65
63
62
60
59
59
58
57
56
56
54
52
52
50
49
49
47
47
44
43
41
40
40
39
38
36
36
34
28
27
25
24
23
23
22
19
17
15
15
15
15
15
14
12
10
7
6
5
4
1998
1
5
4
7
5
8
9
2
1
6
0
2
2
5
1
1
8
5
0
5
4
5
0
5
9
2
3
1
0
1
1
0
0
2
0
2
2
6
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1999
2
4
12
7
5
5
6
3
4
6
4
7
5
2
2
3
2
6
1
4
0
4
2
2
4
5
1
5
1
0
0
4
3
2
0
3
5
2
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2000
0
4
4
5
4
7
6
3
1
8
3
8
3
7
3
6
4
8
0
6
1
0
0
7
3
5
3
1
2
0
2
2
1
2
1
1
3
1
2
3
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
2001
0
4
7
5
2
3
1
8
6
6
4
7
2
6
3
3
5
2
6
3
3
2
0
3
0
4
3
1
2
0
0
7
5
2
3
3
2
3
2
2
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
2
1
0
0
0
2002
4
7
8
6
2
3
3
14
4
4
3
2
5
4
4
5
6
5
4
3
4
4
1
7
2
2
1
1
1
0
13
2
4
1
3
0
2
0
3
2
3
1
0
2
0
0
0
3
1
1
2
0
2
2003
4
10
4
2
4
7
9
4
8
3
7
3
3
4
2
3
5
3
12
3
1
3
3
3
1
3
1
3
2
0
1
4
0
0
1
2
5
1
3
2
3
1
3
0
1
1
2
2
1
0
0
1
0
2004
3
4
4
4
1
4
4
4
7
5
6
4
8
2
5
3
4
4
4
2
2
3
4
0
1
2
6
0
5
1
2
6
2
2
2
0
3
0
2
1
0
2
0
2
0
1
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
2005
3
4
6
1
5
3
1
7
3
3
1
8
7
2
8
5
0
7
0
2
6
3
3
1
1
3
3
1
1
7
2
1
0
1
3
4
1
0
4
1
2
1
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
2006
5
3
4
5
2
4
7
5
8
4
5
2
3
9
5
3
1
2
2
2
1
4
5
2
3
3
6
4
5
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
0
3
0
0
0
0
2
1
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2007
8
8
2
7
5
6
3
3
4
2
5
2
6
1
8
4
3
1
2
6
7
9
7
2
1
1
4
7
2
5
4
1
4
1
2
0
0
1
0
1
2
4
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
2008
6
4
1
3
7
2
2
3
4
4
5
4
4
3
4
11
4
3
3
4
4
1
6
1
4
1
4
8
5
7
2
1
1
3
2
3
0
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
2009
8
5
5
4
12
4
7
2
4
2
9
2
4
5
4
1
5
0
7
5
6
4
6
7
4
3
2
5
2
5
2
2
2
7
3
0
0
3
2
1
0
2
2
5
7
3
2
0
1
0
0
2
0
2010
30
8
9
11
11
7
4
2
5
6
6
6
4
6
5
4
5
4
8
4
8
5
7
3
8
6
3
2
10
6
4
2
4
2
3
4
0
2
1
2
1
2
3
2
3
2
4
2
2
0
2
0
2
Appendix table 5-46

Characteristic
Jackson State University
University of Memphis
San Jose State University
University of Rhode Island
San Jose State University
19982010
4
3
2
2
2
1998
0
0
0
0
0
1999
0
1
1
0
1
2000
0
0
0
0
0
2001
0
0
0
0
0
2002
0
0
0
0
0
2003
1
0
0
0
0
2004
1
0
0
0
0
2005
1
0
1
0
1
2006
0
0
0
2
0
2007
0
0
0
0
0
2008
1
0
0
0
0
2009
0
0
0
0
0
2010
0
2
0
0
0
NOTES: Data include institutions affiliated with academic institutions, such as university and alumni organizations, foundations, and university associations. Fewer than 200 institutions shown because data for certain institutions are for
entire university system and incorporate data from various campuses. Patents assigned to Naval Postgraduate School and Air Force Academy not shown here. Top 200 R&D institutions ranked by sum of their patents from 1998 through
2010. Unlike some previous versions of this table, data include all assignees on patent, not just first; therefore, patent counts in this table are slightly higher than reported in some previous years. Patents on whole-count basis, that is, each
assignee on patent credited one count.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, and The Patent BoardTM, special tabulations (2011) from U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), Patent Grant Bibliographic Data.
Appendix table 5-47

U.S. university patents awarded, by technology area: 19902010
Technology area
All university patents
Biotechnology
Pharmaceuticals
Measurement techniques and instrumentation
Materials
Medical equipment
Semiconductors
Optics
Chemicals
Medical electronics
Agriculture
Information processing
Materials manufacturing
Chemical engineering and environmental processes
Electronic components and devices
Telecommunications
Power generation and distribution
Food and tobacco
Industrial machinery and tools
Computer systems
Automation and control
Personal care and household goods
Electrical components and equipment
Audio-visual electronics
Motor vehicles and parts
Networking
Aerospace and defense
Industrial manufacturing
Oil and gas, mining
Construction and building components
Civil engineering
Household appliances and lighting
Recreation and sports equipment
Office equipment
Other transport
Other
1990-2010 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
59,608 1,205 1,382 1,598 1,694 1,874 2,006 2,322 2,654 3,435 3,655 3,424 3,555 3,556 3,510 3,269 2,925 3,534 3,195 3,000 3,268 4,547
16,546 181 230 258 336 313 384 551 863 1,174 1,197 1,048 1,187 1,060 916 896 728 1,025 965 897 973 1,364
7,147 208 192 199 230 255 246 382 374 452 536 526 459 475 455 345 296 336 266 245 273 397
4,650 125 134 139 147 176 178 189 174 211 226 230 244 233 287 317 267 279 262 254 245 333
2,886
72
94 118 119 117 135 144 113 138 143 147 152 169 169 158 139 181 132 123 136 187
2,859
95 105 115
97 130 116 128 145 196 215 174 162 163 192 150 127 114
87
90 107 151
2,539
63
71
88
71 107 112
76
76
97
95 120 121 131 165 120 136 169 163 148 168 242
2,447
56
66
68
65
61
69
60
85 105 115 128 112 141 139 153 142 184 181 183 166 168
2,257
59
53
79
79
77
98
90 100 125 117 138 159 181 179 123 145 100
81
69
78 127
2,183
65
54
78
65 101
91
91
76
92 111 100 121 112 135 114
97 123 109 126 127 195
2,090
39
42
64
49
69
63
71 127 124 140 115 144 112 124
81 112 118 117 114 126 139
2,067
24
33
33
38
46
43
69
77 125
92
84 102
92
99 113 109 162 153 157 169 247
1,799
29
44
47
59
72
71
54
58
91
91 105
84 114 104 111 102
98 119
79 109 158
1,529
32
53
78
78
69
70
72
67
71 100
95
74
86
81
84
71
74
63
58
72
81
1,165
20
20
20
21
24
34
35
38
50
57
56
47
51
82
76
79
94
76
81
82 122
1,140
8
17
21
26
38
32
37
23
51
37
36
47
59
57
65
61 103
84 104 108 126
681
5
17
16
24
20
30
29
32
27
35
21
35
30
34
43
38
51
39
40
37
78
644
15
30
31
26
28
36
49
42
40
58
44
43
47
37
25
21
16
9
11
20
16
598
13
15
21
22
21
22
31
28
36
38
25
39
29
41
35
28
39
30
18
30
37
597
9
8
14
16
15
28
21
20
28
35
39
24
32
30
32
33
36
40
38
43
56
460
11
18
8
16
12
17
16
25
24
18
16
25
18
19
21
20
32
39
28
31
46
368
8
12
15
24
18
15
17
14
22
20
17
17
49
23
22
23
9
8
14
9
12
363
6
7
5
9
21
15
9
14
14
22
11
18
19
19
21
16
31
23
9
21
53
360
7
12
11
9
9
16
10
11
22
20
17
23
18
16
19
16
33
25
11
30
25
333
8
6
10
8
5
18
12
11
14
19
27
19
20
22
25
19
19
19
18
16
18
332
6
4
6
6
6
11
10
6
6
10
12
14
19
13
21
23
35
29
27
21
47
244
2
5
7
9
4
4
8
5
13
20
14
13
22
15
17
16
12
12
11
14
21
217
10
16
15
7
18
7
10
4
11
11
10
6
17
5
12
11
10
8
10
6
13
195
8
3
11
9
10
11
15
8
11
10
7
12
13
1
10
7
7
7
7
10
18
186
4
2
6
3
5
4
8
8
15
15
10
9
6
13
11
8
13
10
6
12
18
169
3
6
5
3
5
8
7
8
7
18
19
13
11
9
10
10
2
6
7
6
6
115
1
3
2
3
4
8
4
3
13
9
8
3
4
4
2
8
8
8
4
5
11
82
5
1
3
5
4
2
3
5
5
2
4
7
3
5
6
1
3
4
2
3
9
63
3
2
1
2
2
4
3
2
5
5
4
3
6
1
5
3
2
5
1
2
2
57
0
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
3
2
4
3
6
3
8
2
6
1
0
3
5
240
5
5
5
11
11
6
9
11
17
16
13
14
8
16
18
11
10
15
10
10
19
NOTES: Data include institutions affiliated with academic institutions, such as university and alumni organizations, foundations, and university associations. Universities vary in how patents are assigned, e.g., to boards of regents,
individual campuses, or entities with or without affiliation with university. The Patent BoardTM technology areas constitute an application-oriented classification system that maps the thousands of International Patent Classes (IPCs) at
main group level into 1 of 35 technology areas. If patent has more than one IPC, only primary IPC is considered in mapping. Data in table not comparable to previous versions due to changes in classification system.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, and The Patent BoardTM, special tabulations (2011) from U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), Patent Grant Bibliographic Data.
Appendix table 5-48

Academic patenting and licensing activities: 19992009
Activity indicator
1999
(139)
2000
(142)
2001
(139)
2002
(156)
2003
(165)
Net royaltiesa
Gross royaltiesa
Royalties paid to others
Unreimbursed legal fees expended
583.0
675.5
34.5
58.0
1,012.0
1,108.9
32.7
64.2
753.9
868.3
41.0
73.4
868.9
997.8
38.8
90.1
10,052
4,871
3,079
275
1,478
15,203
6,663
3,295
181
10,802
5,623
3,272
368
1,798
17,465
7,562
3,569
296
11,259
5,784
3,179
402
1,904
18,845
7,715
3,300
328
12,638
6,509
3,109
364
2,070
20,927
8,490
3,660
373
Invention disclosures received

New U.S. patent applications filed
U.S. patents granted
Startup companies formed
Operational startups
Active licenses
Revenue-generating licenses/options
New licenses/options executedb
Equity licenses/options
2005
(158)
2006
(161)
2007
(161)
2008
(159)
2009
(153)
866.8
1,033.6
65.5
101.3
2004
(164)
$millions
924.8
1,088.4
54.4
109.2
1,588.1
1,775.0
67.8
119.1
1,322.2
1,511.6
67.9
121.5
1,898.8
2,098.8
63.7
136.3
2,127.2
2,397.2
114.8
155.3
1,474.6
1,782.1
153.2
154.3
13,718
7,203
3,450
348
2,090
22,091
8,976
3,855
316
Number
15,002
9,462
3,268
425
2,451
23,269
9,543
4,087
318
15,371
9,306
2,944
418
2,652
23,896
10,251
4,201
278
16,855
10,748
2,895
500
2,960
26,070
10,733
4,192
357
17,677
10,899
3,291
510
3,148
26,094
12,467
4,419
377
17,694
11,197
2,933
549
3,076
26,816
13,231
4,416
382
18,163
11,260
3,088
555
3,175
28,763
13,927
4,624
354
aOne-year spikes
bData
in royalty data reflect extraordinary one-time payments.

prior to 2004 may not be comparable with data for 2004 and beyond due to change in survey wording.
NOTES: Number of institutions reporting given in parentheses. Data from nonuniversity hospitals and medical institutes not included. Responding institutions may report for any
12-month period ending in the identified year.
SOURCE: Association of University Technology Managers (AUTM), AUTM Licensing Survey (various years).
Appendix table 5-49

U.S. utility patents citing S&E literature, by patent assignee sector, article author sector, and patent issue year: 19982010
Patent assignee sector and article sector
All utility patents
Patents citing S&E literature, all assignee sectors
Foreign
United States
Government
Private
Academic
All S&E articles, all article author sectors
All cited S&E articles, all article author sectors
Foreign
United States
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Joint/unknown sectors
All citations, all article author sectors
Foreign
United States
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
147,484
15,553
4,434
11,118
280
8,825
2,013
153,458
15,651
4,495
11,156
254
8,772
2,129
157,471
15,305
4,409
10,896
165
8,758
1,974
166,023
16,640
4,987
11,653
169
9,428
2,056
167,317
16,855
5,135
11,721
178
9,533
2,009
3,010,245
52,264
22,455
29,809
2,541
5,350
18,280
527
2,846
158
107
3,107,740
54,252
23,891
30,361
2,505
5,341
18,844
591
2,829
142
109
3,187,776
54,411
24,189
30,222
2,241
5,430
18,888
597
2,831
129
107
3,272,865
59,713
27,063
32,650
2,440
5,658
20,521
641
3,112
155
124
3,350,634
60,248
28,355
31,893
2,240
5,758
20,045
647
2,959
140
104
93,830
36,331
57,499
4,884
11,412
33,605
893
6,209
287
210
94,130
38,068
56,061
4,646
11,165
33,047
981
5,804
226
193
91,859
37,737
54,121
3,829
11,162
32,284
1,010
5,410
212
214
100,517
42,114
58,403
4,129
11,760
34,944
1,201
5,933
227
210
2003
2004
2005
USPTO utility patents
169,009
164,285
143,802
16,970
16,038
14,638
5,236
5,156
4,693
11,734
10,882
9,945
169
190
158
9,615
8,845
8,164
1,950
1,847
1,623
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
173,780
19,325
6,333
12,992
187
10,759
2,047
157,282
17,858
5,807
12,051
175
10,013
1,864
157,772
17,888
6,046
11,842
199
9,831
1,812
167,350
19,852
6,802
13,050
220
10,810
2,020
219,645
26,053
9,264
16,789
305
13,719
2,765
3,642,688
65,791
33,309
32,482
1,998
5,853
20,698
784
2,889
158
103
3,699,309
59,960
30,400
29,560
1,863
5,286
18,835
662
2,674
131
109
3,772,557
61,686
31,447
30,239
1,837
5,199
19,599
696
2,687
121
99
3,858,791
68,063
35,228
32,835
2,060
5,308
21,435
766
3,026
137
103
3,958,843
84,212
44,297
39,915
2,434
6,226
26,322
872
3,775
171
114
Citations from USPTO utility patents to S&E articles

101,001
103,254
89,101
83,110
111,346
44,283
46,142
41,101
38,891
52,818
56,718
57,112
48,000
44,219
58,528
3,739
3,738
2,918
2,527
3,331
11,724
11,779
10,127
9,129
11,980
33,606
34,055
28,919
27,246
36,232
1,360
1,480
1,368
1,085
1,462
5,904
5,689
4,351
3,921
5,066
220
191
147
155
243
166
179
170
157
213
111,903
53,443
58,460
3,502
11,290
36,621
1,362
5,282
198
205
113,332
55,632
57,700
3,337
10,587
36,633
1,395
5,378
191
180
121,498
58,527
62,971
3,669
11,963
39,704
1,437
5,825
205
168
160,503
78,981
81,522
4,623
14,541
52,081
1,717
8,085
280
195
3,431,200
62,399
29,959
32,440
2,260
5,837
20,258
722
3,107
145
111
S&E articles
3,504,394
55,509
27,115
28,394
1,817
5,313
17,832
681
2,545
107
100
3,577,978
52,375
25,638
26,737
1,697
4,987
16,856
578
2,429
108
82
FFRDC = federally funded research and development center; USPTO = U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
NOTES: Article/citation counts from set of journals covered by Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Articles assigned to sector on basis of institutional address(es) listed on article.
Articles/citations on fractional-count basis, i.e., for articles with collaborating institutions from multiple sectors, each sector receives fractional credit on basis of proportion of its participating institutions. Citation counts based on a 6year window with a 5-year lag, e.g., citations for 2008 are references in U.S. patents issued in 2008 to articles published in 19982003. Article counts are a sum of articles in the cited year window. Detail may not add to total
because of rounding.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, and The Patent BoardTM, special tabulations (2011) from U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), Patent Grant Bibliographic
Data, and Thomson Reuters, SCI and SSCI, http://www.thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/.
Appendix table 5-50

Citation of S&E articles in USPTO patents, by cited field and cited country/sector: 19982010
Field and sector
All fields, all sectors
Foreign
United States
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Engineering
Foreign
United States
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Astronomy
Foreign
United States
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Chemistry
Foreign
United States
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Physics
Foreign
United States
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Geosciences
Foreign
1998
93,830
36,331
57,499
4,884
11,412
33,605
893
6,209
287
210
4,142
2,109
2,033
84
851
936
74
67
1
21
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7,693
3,974
3,719
155
983
2,334
105
128
5
9
4,483
1,874
2,609
113
1,147
1,119
170
50
0
11
256
105
1999
94,130
38,068
56,061
4,646
11,165
33,047
981
5,804
226
193
4,133
2,189
1,944
65
771
951
83
56
0*
18
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7,874
4,135
3,739
176
1,091
2,183
160
113
7
11
4,736
2,082
2,654
112
1,117
1,182
180
57
0
7
298
123
2000
91,859
37,737
54,121
3,829
11,162
32,284
1,010
5,410
212
214
2001
100,517
42,114
58,403
4,129
11,760
34,944
1,201
5,933
227
210
2002
101,001
44,283
56,718
3,739
11,724
33,606
1,360
5,904
220
166
2003
103,254
46,142
57,112
3,738
11,779
34,055
1,480
5,689
191
179
2004
89,101
41,101
48,000
2,918
10,127
28,919
1,368
4,351
147
170
2005
83,110
38,891
44,219
2,527
9,129
27,246
1,085
3,921
155
157
4,734
2,508
2,226
76
881
1,102
101
53
0
13
2
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
9,230
4,648
4,582
167
1,179
2,895
207
120
2
12
5,407
2,327
3,080
122
1,289
1,418
205
34
0
12
303
121
5,237
2,941
2,296
83
871
1,167
105
51
2
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10,896
5,408
5,488
139
1,560
3,265
289
221
4
10
5,831
2,837
2,994
137
1,103
1,479
229
38
0
8
263
112
5,599
3,126
2,474
106
903
1,273
122
57
1
12
4
1
3
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
12,364
6,495
5,869
135
1,700
3,373
391
253
12
6
7,065
3,752
3,313
157
1,201
1,681
232
33
0
9
355
167
6,204
3,481
2,723
116
1,018
1,365
139
68
3
14
2
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
13,000
6,755
6,245
164
1,644
3,744
386
295
6
6
9,669
5,301
4,368
208
1,410
2,338
364
40
0
9
371
144
6,944
3,818
3,126
143
1,155
1,597
161
55
1
14
4
2
3
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
11,826
6,140
5,686
125
1,336
3,555
408
243
5
14
9,775
5,419
4,356
186
1,342
2,489
285
37
0
17
436
180
6,959
3,736
3,223
123
1,053
1,772
149
109
0*
17
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11,140
5,893
5,247
123
1,153
3,413
262
273
11
12
10,506
5,758
4,748
220
1,259
2,969
266
19
0
14
332
157
2006
111,346
52,818
58,528
3,331
11,980
36,232
1,462
5,066
243
213
9,089
4,848
4,241
154
1,373
2,414
151
122
1
25
7
1
6
0*
1
4
0*
0
0
0
14,639
7,688
6,951
183
1,523
4,560
328
304
34
18
13,066
7,171
5,895
272
1,392
3,772
402
47
0
10
398
167
2007
111,903
53,443
58,460
3,502
11,290
36,621
1,362
5,282
198
205
8,695
4,480
4,215
148
1,329
2,421
147
153
0
18
6
4
2
0*
0
2
0
0
0
0
12,843
6,663
6,180
209
1,367
3,972
273
329
15
15
11,726
6,312
5,414
216
1,319
3,478
340
48
0*
12
288
162
2008
113,332
55,632
57,700
3,337
10,587
36,633
1,395
5,378
191
180
2009
121,498
58,527
62,971
3,669
11,963
39,704
1,437
5,825
205
168
2010
160,503
78,981
81,522
4,623
14,541
52,081
1,717
8,085
280
195
8,664
4,467
4,197
137
1,288
2,460
138
153
2
20
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,607
6,775
5,832
150
1,205
3,933
283
246
6
10
11,912
6,423
5,489
213
1,204
3,552
416
95
0
9
388
205
10,028
5,373
4,655
140
1,333
2,814
172
180
2
14
13
7
6
0
1
3
2
1
0
0
16,026
8,584
7,442
237
1,453
5,040
301
374
21
16
12,806
6,817
5,989
247
1,310
3,945
405
71
0
11
488
217
12,585
6,859
5,726
180
1,541
3,584
216
191
6
10
8
7
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
21,641
11,730
9,911
258
1,941
6,712
415
560
12
13
14,594
7,678
6,916
312
1,446
4,584
405
148
1
20
619
326
Appendix table 5-50

Field and sector
United States
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Mathematics
Foreign
United States
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Computer sciences
Foreign
United States
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Foreign
United States
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Biological sciences
Foreign
United States
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Medical sciences
Foreign
United States
Federal government
Industry
1998
151
18
31
85
8
4
2
3
28
10
18
0
4
13
1
1
0
0
1,070
238
832
8
323
471
12
4
0
13
561
283
278
41
37
189
1
6
2
2
58,136
20,672
37,464
3,539
7,003
21,749
431
4,488
180
75
17,354
7,027
10,328
922
1,024
1999
175
14
24
119
6
5
5
2
18
4
14
0*
2
10
1
0
0
0*
981
213
768
11
289
439
12
7
0
10
774
353
421
50
69
292
1
6
1
2
58,257
21,819
36,438
3,286
6,756
21,595
439
4,152
128
81
16,979
7,116
9,863
930
1,037
2000
181
15
35
118
7
4
0*
2
27
9
18
0
3
11
3
0
0
1
979
225
754
11
279
409
17
9
3
25
751
389
362
50
61
244
0
4
1
1
53,261
20,446
32,815
2,581
6,306
19,549
396
3,790
127
66
17,004
7,014
9,991
806
1,114
2001
151
16
19
105
4
3
2
3
28
8
20
1
4
12
1
2
0
0
966
252
714
9
254
430
9
3
0
9
878
443
435
110
72
244
1
7
1
1
57,068
21,981
35,087
2,725
6,698
20,952
478
4,027
129
79
19,216
8,083
11,133
905
1,171
2002
188
15
35
125
5
3
5
1
53
19
34
0*
1
30
2
1
0
0
959
293
666
6
239
402
9
7
0
4
844
439
405
93
55
245
1
10
1
0*
54,902
21,621
33,282
2,359
6,487
19,779
519
3,953
116
69
18,690
8,311
10,379
865
1,087
2003
227
25
40
143
7
6
3
2
54
17
37
1
9
26
1
0
0
0
885
272
613
5
246
336
13
7
3
2
722
362
360
90
38
227
0
4
0
2
52,742
21,027
31,715
2,311
6,254
18,741
481
3,727
119
82
19,450
8,742
10,708
817
1,091
2004
256
31
47
159
12
2
5
0*
42
22
20
1
1
18
0
0
0
0
1,087
382
705
8
291
387
12
5
0
3
566
287
279
68
55
150
0
3
2
1
42,252
17,401
24,851
1,804
5,042
14,728
425
2,688
86
78
16,042
7,391
8,651
548
841
2005
175
15
30
116
8
4
2
1
52
15
37
1
3
32
2
0
0
0
1,258
395
863
8
355
483
8
3
0
6
467
263
204
59
34
107
0
2
0
2
38,278
16,111
22,167
1,423
4,429
13,480
354
2,327
90
65
13,976
6,521
7,455
554
784
2006
231
28
32
156
8
3
4
0*
62
24
38
1
4
27
6
1
0
0
2,072
657
1,415
16
535
825
15
13
0
10
719
376
343
90
85
161
2
3
0
3
52,120
22,493
29,627
1,916
5,903
18,020
486
3,086
124
92
18,983
9,315
9,668
667
1,117
2007
126
16
16
79
8
4
2
1
57
19
38
0
6
31
1
0
0
0
1,780
561
1,219
7
475
705
6
15
0
10
862
414
448
92
65
276
2
9
1
3
51,922
22,470
29,452
2,020
5,495
18,207
490
3,058
102
81
23,579
12,299
11,280
790
1,208
2008
183
22
28
118
5
6
3
0*
56
17
39
3
3
28
5
0
0
0
2,195
690
1,505
9
641
827
9
14
0
6
706
366
340
60
62
207
3
3
0*
5
50,500
22,756
27,744
1,927
4,927
17,307
407
3,011
96
69
26,123
13,866
12,257
807
1,219
2009
271
30
39
180
14
5
2
2
97
36
61
0
4
56
1
1
0*
0
2,623
849
1,774
15
687
1,021
21
21
0
8
913
455
458
105
69
275
1
3
2
5
53,689
23,845
29,844
2,093
5,638
18,271
448
3,244
99
52
24,598
12,278
12,320
791
1,423
2010
293
38
50
181
19
5
1
0*
85
42
43
0
3
37
3
0
0
0
2,888
1,049
1,839
17
643
1,123
13
31
0
12
1,465
703
762
162
107
483
2
4
0
3
70,203
32,387
37,816
2,468
6,769
23,565
556
4,271
131
55
36,088
18,082
18,006
1,178
2,030
Appendix table 5-50

Field and sector
Academic
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Other life sciences
Foreign
United States
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Psychology
Foreign
United States
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
Social sciences
Foreign
United States
Federal government
Industry
Academic
FFRDCs
Nonprofit
1998
6,663
92
1,456
97
75
29
14
15
1
5
8
0
0
0
0
64
21
43
3
5
33
0
2
0*
0
11
2
9
1
1
5
0
1
0
1
1999
6,244
99
1,407
85
61
25
12
13
1
3
8
0
1
0
0
44
17
27
2
3
21
0
0*
0*
0
9
3
6
0
1
4
1
0*
0
0
2000
6,463
75
1,382
76
75
34
13
21
1
7
9
0
3
0
1
104
27
77
1
5
54
0
11
2
4
22
8
14
0*
2
11
0
1
0
0
2001
7,230
84
1,575
88
81
23
11
12
2
3
4
0
2
0
1
97
33
64
3
7
49
1
3
2
0*
13
5
8
0
0*
7
0
0
0
1
2002
6,628
79
1,579
82
60
45
16
29
1
7
14
1
5
0*
1
106
36
70
2
8
48
0
5
2
5
14
6
7
0
1
5
0
0
1
0
2003
7,059
88
1,536
57
59
46
13
33
0
6
25
1
0
0
1
98
27
71
1
20
44
0
5
0
1
11
3
8
0
2
5
0
1
0
0
2004
5,790
64
1,316
48
44
32
17
14
0
10
3
1
0
0
0
86
38
48
3
6
36
0
2
0
0*
9
5
4
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
2005
4,812
37
1,178
52
39
44
13
31
1
18
10
0
1
0
0
85
27
58
1
8
43
0
5
0*
1
12
2
10
0
3
7
0
0
0
0
2006
6,220
64
1,472
76
52
56
31
25
1
6
11
1
5
1
1
107
39
68
3
9
43
0
9
3
1
28
8
20
1
0
19
0
0
0*
0
2007
7,388
95
1,659
77
64
33
16
17
1
4
8
0
3
0
1
90
36
54
1
5
43
0
3
1
1
22
7
14
1
0
11
0
2
1
0
2008
8,118
130
1,841
83
59
48
22
26
4
3
17
0
2
1
0*
97
37
60
2
6
44
0
6
1
2
35
6
29
5
0
23
0
0*
0
0
2009
7,983
72
1,915
75
61
55
17
38
5
1
27
0*
5
0
0*
124
46
78
1
6
63
0
4
3
0
38
5
33
4
0
27
0
1
0
0
2010
11,638
87
2,863
129
82
71
28
43
5
3
28
1
6
0
0
171
76
95
4
6
81
0
4
0
0
85
14
71
1
3
65
0
1
0
0
* = rounds to zero
FFRDC = federally funded research and development center; USPTO = United States Patent and Trademark Office
NOTES: Citations are references to country/sector S&E articles in journals covered by Science Citation Index (SCI) and Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Citations on fractional-count basis, i.e., for cited articles with collaborating
institutions from more than one country/sector, each receives fractional credit on basis of proportion of its participating institutions. Citation counts based on a 6-year window with 5-year lag, e.g., citations for 2002 are references in
USPTO patents issued in 2002 to articles published in 199297. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, and The Patent BoardTM, special tabulations (2011) from USPTO, Patent Grant Bibliographic Data, and Thomson Reuters, SCI and
SSCI, http://www.thomsonreuters.com/products_services/science/.
*
*
*
*
Appendix table 6-1

Value added of knowledge- and technology-intensive industries, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia and Europe
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Middle East and North Africa
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
5,351,921
1,878,982
1,811,133
54,043
5,821
35,076
30,461
356,868
442,225
12,134
258,741
78,225
8,135
107,549
58,925
277,470
85,459
717,322
79,758
180,694
43,718
13,989
7,894
5,359
13,444
53,069
31,928
11,292
684,032
30,565
4,177
25,820
569
60,212
10,554
4,941
14,972
3,793
16,314
9,638
1991
5,738,140
1,997,410
1,902,775
56,942
4,974
35,650
28,831
358,844
468,434
12,758
275,504
82,300
10,863
118,317
61,655
298,464
89,239
819,721
86,510
202,811
41,524
16,336
9,482
5,850
16,339
60,904
35,375
17,000
728,914
31,338
2,575
28,393
371
58,769
6,199
5,267
16,371
4,025
17,010
9,897
1992
6,320,451
2,137,652
2,099,407
63,875
5,454
39,433
26,307
401,082
542,326
14,715
290,614
92,642
14,318
133,162
63,801
311,306
100,373
905,905
104,347
241,424
40,998
18,095
12,198
6,839
19,202
68,512
43,449
32,132
831,715
42,788
10,218
29,236
3,333
66,700
8,137
6,591
17,704
4,631
17,666
11,970
1993
6,601,181
2,249,345
1,977,340
62,911
7,094
38,192
21,030
387,008
543,081
14,218
237,803
92,041
13,385
113,727
57,349
288,041
101,459
1,065,030
131,037
258,925
42,905
20,490
15,518
7,271
23,002
77,068
47,285
25,387
919,504
68,720
29,051
33,380
6,288
69,595
10,534
6,256
17,275
4,509
18,266
12,754
1994
6,995,799
2,364,571
2,080,290
68,762
8,347
42,073
24,620
404,089
572,387
15,650
235,856
99,338
17,199
112,500
60,891
311,071
107,506
1,189,827
126,009
304,855
48,000
24,020
17,723
8,597
27,759
93,720
54,203
30,833
930,247
73,692
44,812
22,529
6,352
76,264
12,989
6,679
19,219
4,848
18,255
14,273
1995
7,747,584
2,504,290
2,389,881
82,056
10,011
48,430
31,237
467,685
675,635
20,611
249,368
120,595
22,192
130,291
69,045
335,684
127,044
1,344,289
153,042
353,853
56,193
26,559
21,320
10,417
33,159
120,087
60,491
25,627
1,002,230
93,659
55,692
32,040
5,927
97,475
15,799
6,890
34,173
5,770
19,105
15,739
1996
8,037,387
2,680,620
2,480,235
81,248
11,679
49,143
31,350
472,761
671,454
22,030
286,795
122,248
26,303
135,831
79,552
362,011
127,831
1,215,556
176,589
396,978
59,140
29,499
26,211
13,047
39,671
132,067
66,163
31,180
1,087,410
110,158
66,479
36,464
7,215
107,207
19,059
7,189
38,311
5,597
19,804
17,246
1997
8,136,542
2,886,537
2,370,823
73,701
10,540
46,253
29,856
432,035
602,590
23,500
275,515
113,201
28,560
125,512
75,719
413,117
120,726
1,129,855
202,401
401,493
65,460
30,859
26,556
13,762
41,725
124,251
73,222
25,659
1,145,432
120,403
73,710
38,578
8,116
113,300
20,479
7,729
38,961
5,285
20,627
20,219
1998
8,285,417
3,102,811
2,467,003
76,632
11,985
47,925
32,703
446,616
608,281
25,524
280,250
119,555
32,393
132,559
76,961
447,656
127,965
1,041,566
208,641
323,228
68,169
12,125
19,733
12,472
33,621
89,877
69,750
17,480
1,142,168
109,141
47,179
55,485
6,476
122,882
22,410
9,198
41,379
7,154
20,701
22,040
1999
8,769,343
3,315,248
2,534,127
78,667
11,659
48,248
33,917
452,364
618,306
29,583
285,446
124,634
32,003
135,839
81,325
471,924
130,213
1,206,722
221,818
378,889
76,379
16,849
22,154
14,944
34,418
116,588
80,196
17,360
1,112,539
98,032
30,059
63,656
4,317
126,841
23,996
7,876
42,375
7,488
21,762
23,343
Appendix table 6-1

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
9,156,162
3,611,164
2,367,538
72,760
10,942
44,599
33,288
419,522
540,956
31,286
266,528
117,029
34,291
128,667
77,151
468,088
122,430
1,327,614
251,014
420,303
78,519
22,478
22,926
15,186
39,170
133,494
91,462
17,068
1,178,530
105,725
39,301
62,018
4,406
138,285
24,640
10,161
48,262
7,405
22,602
25,215
2001
9,278,443
3,822,086
2,418,004
74,400
12,493
46,247
33,424
422,667
541,358
33,790
276,671
123,365
39,673
138,332
72,091
476,209
127,284
1,179,569
273,045
405,978
84,835
20,922
22,533
13,855
35,713
129,657
82,417
16,046
1,179,761
109,792
53,095
50,420
6,278
142,622
23,991
13,059
47,428
7,628
23,551
26,965
2002
9,771,661
3,979,042
2,691,676
81,669
16,199
50,241
37,409
468,349
593,025
39,303
303,556
137,153
41,737
156,640
80,147
539,729
146,518
1,149,177
297,752
457,154
91,513
27,150
24,147
15,152
37,916
154,231
88,130
18,916
1,196,860
125,016
66,537
51,001
7,478
149,128
21,216
19,504
45,609
8,198
24,599
30,002
2003
10,950,726
4,172,857
3,315,029
100,987
20,033
63,216
44,279
581,100
734,063
51,972
381,319
173,878
45,396
201,753
101,349
631,700
183,985
1,260,763
334,108
512,764
106,979
33,879
26,259
14,976
39,365
175,163
95,035
21,108
1,355,205
151,710
79,496
62,731
9,483
155,810
18,197
21,183
45,503
9,977
25,789
35,161
2004
12,133,230
4,418,508
3,816,247
117,221
23,135
72,634
50,970
660,512
833,951
60,501
429,425
197,325
52,027
235,755
120,092
746,395
216,305
1,357,300
388,499
576,271
120,692
36,961
28,304
16,791
46,780
198,892
103,728
24,124
1,576,405
202,205
108,345
80,239
13,620
176,673
19,671
26,069
50,330
11,461
27,502
41,640
2005
13,067,345
4,753,529
4,001,237
122,592
26,501
75,986
52,623
688,323
850,226
71,685
447,182
208,704
62,938
254,320
123,905
781,863
234,389
1,367,046
448,713
650,728
139,562
40,681
27,813
19,222
48,214
236,089
112,280
26,867
1,846,092
254,158
139,526
98,093
16,538
205,760
22,473
30,281
54,839
12,894
29,586
55,686
2006
14,081,028
5,108,730
4,257,439
130,106
30,049
80,493
56,891
734,319
877,944
80,488
463,110
217,036
69,988
279,710
131,468
851,330
254,507
1,319,970
543,111
739,481
156,914
51,094
31,226
23,112
56,116
270,254
120,134
30,631
2,112,297
318,234
184,750
112,471
21,013
234,594
24,798
37,455
58,646
14,037
31,854
67,804
2007
15,652,047
5,364,512
4,909,461
150,247
37,425
91,476
68,840
834,213
986,418
93,120
529,308
247,829
87,773
341,098
150,700
988,354
302,660
1,313,230
698,897
844,160
196,976
59,450
35,357
28,453
63,048
300,534
123,593
36,750
2,521,787
414,855
240,304
144,147
30,405
275,950
23,971
47,582
69,827
17,434
34,110
83,027
2008
16,913,782
5,539,105
5,286,522
167,676
47,647
102,850
74,921
922,737
1,069,176
99,692
579,800
277,006
110,018
392,490
160,621
936,527
345,361
1,440,759
879,227
889,390
243,454
67,236
37,823
32,209
69,567
271,279
127,868
39,954
2,878,779
511,572
305,843
164,836
40,893
326,986
28,673
60,023
84,894
19,718
36,900
96,777
2009
16,846,958
5,629,646
5,030,348
164,091
43,451
103,038
66,701
914,870
1,035,854
88,047
552,901
276,077
90,649
396,730
138,464
835,204
324,273
1,480,979
1,011,235
868,461
260,057
71,571
35,483
31,686
68,208
245,969
115,933
39,555
2,826,288
449,082
265,002
153,708
30,372
330,548
32,378
53,123
81,672
20,779
39,972
102,626
2010
18,185,317
5,910,136
5,057,030
166,894
42,157
105,870
67,583
901,440
1,040,583
81,969
545,133
276,230
97,913
390,874
156,330
862,328
321,727
1,614,634
1,242,323
1,066,661
331,904
95,031
43,791
36,269
83,019
293,286
137,136
46,225
3,294,533
513,165
298,842
179,857
34,465
372,228
34,087
60,849
90,446
21,625
45,135
120,086
Appendix table 6-1

South and Central America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
227,855
31,413
125,697
6,870
9,044
958
39,572
4,151
3,980
6,171
24,402
1,818
2,276
16,054
4,256
331,500
87,573
148,566
10,314
26,175
58,872
9,497
2,894
5,548
620
436
1991
254,456
46,246
121,641
7,620
9,800
1,410
49,978
5,881
4,984
6,897
26,595
1,776
2,290
18,642
3,886
347,030
89,653
159,465
10,176
26,585
61,150
10,726
3,263
6,184
741
537
1992
328,680
59,147
161,194
9,745
11,643
1,644
65,276
6,241
5,609
8,182
29,123
1,657
1,669
21,970
3,826
352,438
91,028
157,764
9,530
29,514
64,603
11,985
3,386
7,013
839
747
1993
392,333
52,369
208,684
10,989
13,995
1,944
82,409
5,066
6,028
10,849
27,637
1,096
1,292
21,631
3,617
348,019
89,143
153,740
10,251
27,138
67,747
13,200
3,695
7,521
918
1,065
1994
368,978
56,891
160,585
12,984
19,467
2,179
90,179
6,294
7,813
12,587
28,170
1,347
1,714
22,514
2,596
368,434
100,882
151,460
12,234
28,511
75,347
14,709
4,030
8,236
1,090
1,353
1995
357,207
59,604
158,564
16,231
23,927
2,372
65,159
7,959
9,744
13,648
34,003
1,997
3,328
25,749
2,928
402,328
110,424
156,406
14,666
33,285
87,547
17,558
4,423
9,325
1,251
2,559
1996
387,232
60,704
183,260
17,931
27,179
2,454
64,838
8,567
6,894
15,404
34,507
1,879
4,310
24,957
3,361
429,670
124,701
163,637
16,711
34,835
89,785
18,638
4,781
9,557
1,372
2,927
1997
423,999
63,935
189,591
19,931
31,215
2,657
75,946
9,346
13,960
17,418
37,057
2,187
4,436
26,948
3,485
431,261
127,272
170,121
16,968
34,906
81,994
19,413
4,908
9,849
1,539
3,117
1998
433,708
66,709
184,312
20,000
28,641
2,852
85,241
9,281
18,366
18,307
36,081
2,375
5,536
25,024
3,146
419,948
115,029
167,580
14,484
35,709
87,146
20,408
5,087
10,117
2,013
3,192
1999
388,707
67,713
127,933
18,764
24,074
3,119
101,723
8,529
19,868
16,983
32,681
2,138
1,603
25,797
3,143
445,118
127,857
179,354
15,209
37,244
85,455
21,159
5,375
10,319
2,115
3,350
Appendix table 6-1

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
426,018
68,478
146,117
19,001
20,269
3,446
120,435
8,848
22,394
17,030
32,966
2,041
1,733
25,903
3,289
452,809
125,544
196,762
13,581
35,547
81,374
22,727
5,561
11,485
2,107
3,574
2001
425,621
69,394
125,809
17,489
20,369
3,766
135,900
9,049
25,209
18,637
30,563
2,337
1,922
23,460
2,844
448,573
118,666
197,768
13,730
37,629
80,780
22,590
5,588
11,146
2,093
3,763
2002
378,797
22,523
116,762
17,251
20,433
4,055
152,253
9,647
18,526
17,348
30,937
2,561
2,204
22,184
3,988
488,009
133,608
203,699
16,479
44,909
89,313
24,972
5,843
12,669
2,398
4,062
2003
380,428
23,969
121,237
18,358
19,447
4,277
149,201
10,424
15,699
17,817
43,925
3,098
2,475
34,076
4,276
595,433
171,348
241,442
22,300
55,087
105,256
27,900
6,347
14,269
2,614
4,670
2004
417,782
27,715
135,408
22,326
23,579
4,490
156,493
11,281
17,057
19,433
55,552
3,147
3,432
44,912
4,061
693,454
208,094
276,237
27,490
62,764
118,870
30,739
6,787
15,736
2,838
5,378
2005
517,784
34,300
185,814
26,492
29,712
4,829
182,107
12,580
19,566
22,383
63,643
3,581
4,986
51,027
4,049
769,990
232,282
312,376
31,801
70,718
122,813
34,757
7,039
18,251
3,333
6,133
2006
606,371
42,505
230,963
30,306
32,882
5,465
199,497
14,058
25,839
24,857
71,337
4,279
7,959
54,502
4,598
842,599
251,438
352,559
31,141
75,588
131,873
39,162
7,348
20,968
3,893
6,953
2007
729,871
53,477
296,164
34,566
42,576
6,433
220,738
16,285
31,754
27,877
79,767
5,286
8,564
60,835
5,083
976,293
301,019
394,131
38,041
93,030
150,071
45,050
8,401
24,088
4,539
8,021
2008
852,782
68,532
353,988
38,663
50,020
7,690
232,265
19,454
43,778
38,391
79,310
5,671
10,303
57,838
5,498
1,057,607
325,141
417,790
38,295
104,463
171,919
50,521
9,601
25,389
5,829
9,702
2009
827,161
70,261
355,980
39,537
49,500
7,625
197,667
19,992
47,009
39,590
82,531
5,813
9,534
61,797
5,387
1,080,085
370,249
406,717
34,013
98,754
170,353
56,881
11,021
28,863
6,363
10,634
2010
986,634
82,582
460,242
48,403
60,128
9,380
220,542
23,537
36,355
45,466
101,800
6,344
12,102
77,418
5,937
1,258,209
460,161
463,948
41,531
111,100
181,469
62,496
12,430
31,651
7,493
10,923
EU = European Union
NOTES: Value added is amount contributed by country, firm, or other entity to value of good or service and excludes purchases of domestic and imported materials and inputs. Knowledge- and technology-intensive industries include
knowledge-intensive services and high-technology manufacturing industries classified by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Knowledge-intensive services include education, health, and business, financial, and
communications services. High-technology manufacturing industries include aerospace, communications and semiconductors, computers and office machinery, pharmaceuticals, and scientific instruments and measuring equipment.
Data are not available for EU members Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, and Slovenia. China includes Hong Kong. Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies. See appendix table 6-23
for full list of countries in each region.
SOURCE: IHS Global Insight, special tabulations (2011) of World Industry Service database.
Appendix table 6-2

Nominal GDP, by region/country/economy: 19952010
(Billions of current dollars)
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Europe/Asia
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Middle East/North Africa
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
Argentina
1995
29,209
7,415
9,105
284
55
182
131
1,573
2,522
67
1,127
420
139
597
254
1,156
599
5,265
872
1,802
368
202
89
74
87
539
275
168
4,750
578
313
228
37
515
60
46
96
37
142
133
1,753
258
1996
29,917
7,838
9,298
275
62
184
128
1,573
2,441
74
1,259
418
157
622
276
1,221
606
4,646
1,015
1,947
389
227
101
83
95
581
288
182
5,173
681
392
244
45
575
68
55
105
41
158
149
1,900
272
1997
29,799
8,332
8,762
249
57
170
123
1,422
2,164
81
1,193
387
157
573
253
1,361
571
4,265
1,129
1,906
421
216
100
82
99
538
299
151
5,405
710
405
255
50
605
76
63
109
37
165
155
2,076
293
1998
29,544
8,793
9,057
255
62
174
130
1,469
2,182
88
1,216
403
173
601
255
1,455
595
3,855
1,186
1,489
424
95
72
65
85
360
275
112
5,162
582
271
269
42
591
85
63
110
40
146
148
2,069
299
1999
30,620
9,354
9,066
254
60
174
130
1,456
2,140
96
1,200
412
168
618
259
1,503
595
4,373
1,247
1,720
453
140
79
76
85
464
299
123
4,862
473
194
248
32
626
90
60
111
40
161
165
1,852
284
2000
31,557
9,951
8,407
232
57
160
122
1,327
1,899
97
1,097
385
171
580
247
1,478
553
4,671
1,368
1,879
468
165
94
76
94
533
326
123
5,282
557
259
267
31
715
96
71
125
37
188
198
2,039
284
2001
31,355
10,286
8,516
233
62
161
125
1,342
1,897
105
1,119
402
190
610
227
1,473
571
4,097
1,491
1,810
483
160
93
72
88
505
294
116
5,154
539
306
195
38
712
89
85
123
38
183
195
1,973
269
2002
32,627
10,642
9,297
253
75
174
135
1,457
2,025
123
1,222
439
198
688
251
1,617
639
3,920
1,618
1,974
505
196
101
78
91
576
301
127
5,176
619
345
232
42
766
82
134
113
40
189
209
1,721
102
2003
36,628
11,142
11,326
312
91
213
164
1,797
2,450
158
1,511
540
217
885
315
1,866
806
4,231
1,800
2,209
591
235
110
80
96
644
311
143
5,919
784
431
303
50
836
71
139
119
50
215
243
1,792
128
2004
41,173
11,868
13,036
361
109
245
189
2,055
2,739
186
1,728
610
253
1,045
362
2,204
950
4,607
2,098
2,520
715
257
125
87
113
722
341
161
7,045
1,047
591
391
65
976
78
171
128
57
250
292
2,078
152
2005
44,425
12,638
13,587
377
124
258
195
2,133
2,781
202
1,777
638
304
1,129
370
2,279
1,020
4,554
2,435
2,875
840
286
138
99
125
845
365
176
8,336
1,332
764
482
86
1,169
93
204
134
60
315
363
2,524
182
2006
48,044
13,399
14,508
400
143
274
208
2,259
2,920
224
1,866
679
342
1,235
399
2,447
1,112
4,364
2,903
3,265
946
365
156
118
145
952
376
207
9,605
1,627
990
529
108
1,368
108
243
146
66
356
449
2,975
213
2007
54,080
14,062
16,744
459
174
311
246
2,583
3,334
260
2,116
783
425
1,442
462
2,810
1,338
4,377
3,702
3,825
1,197
432
186
144
177
1,049
392
247
11,370
2,089
1,300
646
143
1,598
132
311
168
75
385
528
3,524
260
2008
59,135
14,369
17,970
503
216
342
270
2,824
3,623
263
2,292
869
529
1,591
486
2,648
1,515
4,880
4,734
3,977
1,283
510
223
167
189
931
400
273
13,206
2,566
1,659
727
180
1,990
165
395
202
89
476
664
4,112
326
2009
56,112
14,119
16,144
471
190
309
238
2,627
3,330
223
2,112
795
431
1,465
404
2,178
1,370
5,032
5,200
3,905
1,353
539
193
161
183
834
378
264
11,712
1,951
1,221
612
117
1,750
187
338
195
91
373
565
3,811
307
2010
60,946
14,660
16,008
466
192
310
239
2,555
3,298
206
2,047
778
469
1,406
459
2,245
1,338
5,460
6,102
4,843
1,722
707
238
189
223
1,014
431
319
13,873
2,349
1,479
732
138
1,967
193
386
218
94
435
643
4,587
369
Appendix table 6-2

Nominal GDP, by region/country/economy: 19952010
(Billions of current dollars)
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1995
769
72
110
12
335
54
77
66
275
12
92
151
21
1,498
382
590
60
149
316
131
38
59
13
21
1996
840
76
116
12
387
56
71
71
307
12
128
144
23
1,573
428
614
67
160
305
137
40
59
14
25
1997
871
83
127
13
468
59
86
76
317
13
133
149
23
1,554
427
638
67
158
265
142
41
59
15
27
1998
844
79
117
14
487
57
91
80
298
14
129
134
21
1,477
382
617
55
151
273
145
43
59
16
27
1999
587
73
103
16
566
52
98
73
203
13
36
133
21
1,559
414
661
57
159
268
149
45
59
16
29
2000
644
75
100
16
672
53
117
77
212
13
46
133
20
1,594
399
725
52
168
250
164
45
71
16
31
2001
552
69
98
16
710
54
123
81
196
13
44
119
20
1,572
379
715
51
171
255
162
45
68
16
33
2002
506
67
98
17
705
57
93
76
205
13
59
111
22
1,691
426
734
60
192
279
174
47
75
17
35
2003
552
74
95
18
700
61
85
79
276
15
68
168
26
2,037
540
866
80
225
326
194
52
84
19
39
2004
664
96
117
19
760
70
113
88
352
16
88
219
29
2,372
658
992
100
259
363
219
56
97
21
45
2005
882
118
147
20
849
79
146
100
409
19
112
247
31
2,657
738
1,134
112
302
372
244
58
109
24
53
2006
1,089
147
163
23
951
92
184
113
462
23
145
261
33
2,898
784
1,279
108
337
391
276
60
126
28
61
2007
1,367
164
207
26
1,036
107
228
128
516
27
166
286
37
3,328
952
1,424
131
387
434
315
69
143
32
71
2008
1,653
171
245
30
1,094
127
312
153
560
30
214
276
40
3,621
1,041
1,503
129
445
503
356
80
145
41
91
2009
1,593
161
236
29
880
127
327
151
524
29
171
284
40
3,293
974
1,339
116
370
493
383
89
156
42
96
EU = European Union; GDP = gross domestic product

NOTES: GDP data by region/country/economy from IHS Global Insight. EU excludes Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, and Slovenia. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. China includes Hong
Kong. See appendix table 6-23 for full list of countries in each region.
SOURCE: IHS Global Insight, special tabulations (2011) of Global Economy and World Industry databases.
2010
2,089
203
288
36
1,035
154
241
172
656
32
221
364
39
3,886
1,233
1,577
140
413
524
427
99
172
50
106
Appendix table 6-3

Value added of commercial knowledge-intensive services, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
3,000,572
1,080,550
976,100
28,614
2,980
15,178
12,377
199,113
254,502
5,805
130,297
40,966
2,415
58,252
29,287
152,408
43,909
393,376
49,734
103,035
25,540
10,183
5,661
3,717
7,055
26,486
18,033
6,360
397,776
20,014
1,999
17,816
199
41,590
3,471
4,067
11,361
1,519
13,425
7,746
1991
3,189,987
1,131,575
1,020,094
30,324
3,097
15,404
10,913
198,447
266,142
6,122
139,611
43,837
3,821
63,741
29,932
162,367
46,337
450,357
53,495
114,077
25,029
12,193
6,435
3,966
8,113
32,033
19,212
7,096
420,390
21,784
1,682
19,964
139
42,750
2,160
4,342
12,553
1,626
14,061
8,007
1992
3,566,791
1,222,995
1,121,863
34,710
3,295
16,949
9,765
219,418
307,438
7,124
147,464
49,582
6,450
69,727
29,348
168,704
51,889
506,992
66,021
129,245
24,061
13,500
8,209
4,157
9,563
36,547
24,367
8,840
519,676
31,354
9,059
20,802
1,493
49,148
3,440
5,589
14,025
1,878
14,627
9,590
1993
3,801,075
1,297,776
1,069,997
33,649
4,396
16,597
8,195
208,147
316,509
6,782
122,777
49,458
6,325
59,358
25,293
159,158
53,352
597,094
82,738
145,968
26,358
15,425
10,632
4,371
11,480
40,314
26,383
11,006
607,501
51,633
23,937
23,663
4,033
50,974
5,245
5,305
12,971
1,828
15,135
10,490
1994
4,014,410
1,368,885
1,120,781
37,033
4,987
18,683
9,494
217,475
330,368
7,166
120,305
54,960
8,946
58,265
26,874
170,171
56,053
675,895
81,653
170,579
29,626
18,126
11,641
5,169
13,864
47,919
31,080
13,155
596,617
54,081
34,783
15,594
3,704
55,554
7,150
4,625
14,535
1,892
15,646
11,707
1995
4,423,899
1,461,355
1,285,872
44,529
5,620
20,972
12,371
248,033
388,059
9,272
131,598
68,806
11,160
67,622
29,428
182,439
65,963
766,967
98,765
200,906
35,239
19,862
13,837
6,092
16,132
61,232
32,999
15,511
610,034
58,919
33,667
23,053
2,198
64,313
8,997
4,720
19,675
2,335
15,676
12,910
1996
4,624,855
1,588,650
1,344,486
44,495
6,509
21,171
12,239
253,084
384,476
9,931
151,243
72,162
13,675
69,738
34,831
203,579
67,354
687,914
114,211
225,158
35,864
21,408
16,944
7,140
19,569
70,301
35,063
18,869
664,437
66,806
37,360
26,985
2,462
71,091
11,358
5,110
21,936
2,173
16,291
14,223
1997
4,733,747
1,739,040
1,294,934
40,825
5,782
20,417
11,676
230,459
345,564
10,913
143,868
67,745
15,906
66,261
34,358
236,663
64,498
642,568
129,126
228,673
40,197
20,682
17,356
7,427
21,522
67,077
39,560
14,852
699,406
72,955
40,873
29,052
3,031
72,589
12,304
5,620
20,481
2,056
16,966
15,163
1998
4,870,773
1,901,510
1,356,940
43,388
7,046
20,867
12,886
240,547
347,731
12,460
148,305
72,195
18,319
70,904
34,445
258,975
68,874
590,486
129,006
179,431
41,329
7,854
12,702
6,255
19,104
46,006
36,769
9,411
713,399
73,096
26,473
44,074
2,549
81,038
13,876
5,894
22,720
4,873
16,995
16,679
1999
5,173,395
2,051,862
1,411,288
44,253
6,638
20,712
13,275
247,987
358,696
13,318
155,059
76,120
18,469
72,227
37,488
275,725
71,322
681,671
133,526
205,949
46,965
10,365
13,359
7,306
18,971
59,079
41,544
8,359
689,099
72,154
19,174
51,184
1,795
84,449
15,477
5,271
22,994
5,009
17,962
17,735
Appendix table 6-3

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
5,426,740
2,260,400
1,321,703
41,414
6,109
19,552
13,624
234,702
306,060
15,285
146,690
71,216
20,631
69,523
36,510
272,740
67,645
752,727
148,214
219,706
48,319
14,317
13,142
7,053
19,593
64,221
45,275
7,786
723,990
77,548
26,303
49,311
1,934
91,889
16,159
6,941
25,702
4,924
18,656
19,508
2001
5,570,352
2,424,674
1,357,507
42,343
7,147
20,405
14,076
235,062
308,403
17,344
152,963
75,641
23,289
76,716
34,459
279,348
70,312
685,939
156,738
221,351
53,463
13,846
14,106
6,841
19,315
64,762
41,697
7,320
724,144
79,652
35,974
40,595
3,083
95,447
15,446
8,838
25,772
4,962
19,449
20,981
2002
5,829,542
2,492,144
1,514,692
46,421
9,453
22,281
15,335
260,968
335,695
19,871
168,731
82,277
23,972
87,631
36,471
324,329
81,258
673,598
166,206
247,764
57,974
17,615
15,384
7,394
19,416
80,311
41,477
8,193
735,138
83,835
41,465
38,764
3,606
100,749
12,792
13,307
25,780
5,408
20,308
23,155
2003
6,488,601
2,591,795
1,869,450
57,156
11,594
28,148
17,020
323,759
418,872
28,385
215,458
103,772
25,440
111,929
45,391
383,472
99,052
729,847
178,471
274,812
68,296
21,789
16,211
7,762
20,144
89,680
41,565
9,365
844,225
105,154
53,379
47,165
4,610
106,287
10,978
15,007
25,073
6,417
21,313
27,499
2004
7,161,741
2,734,997
2,160,732
67,440
13,388
32,818
20,450
369,965
477,209
33,249
241,943
117,776
30,041
130,344
54,555
453,727
117,829
776,111
199,814
300,074
76,704
23,584
17,095
8,485
22,763
95,778
44,922
10,744
990,012
138,148
69,651
60,687
7,810
122,943
12,876
18,181
28,444
7,463
22,779
33,201
2005
7,762,799
2,971,658
2,261,584
70,460
15,125
34,731
20,642
385,148
481,728
41,682
251,176
126,149
36,413
140,677
56,870
473,381
127,401
790,009
226,662
340,371
87,988
26,107
18,417
10,405
22,258
114,993
48,409
11,795
1,172,515
175,056
92,245
74,089
8,723
145,956
13,799
20,750
32,164
8,375
24,605
46,264
2006
8,396,454
3,204,819
2,418,374
75,242
17,151
37,174
22,918
415,798
497,822
47,202
256,096
131,118
40,639
156,596
60,642
519,962
140,014
765,509
281,095
383,959
99,761
32,876
20,888
12,050
26,413
129,832
48,686
13,453
1,342,698
218,263
121,491
85,629
11,143
168,415
14,915
26,068
34,281
9,370
26,497
57,283
2007
9,383,125
3,353,720
2,816,462
87,334
22,240
43,163
28,671
475,144
555,485
54,834
300,031
149,503
52,315
195,345
71,160
611,976
169,264
761,894
381,463
447,596
124,777
37,421
24,753
14,893
33,926
145,126
50,867
15,834
1,621,989
290,465
162,374
110,296
17,795
204,450
17,009
34,881
41,523
11,916
28,476
70,644
2008
10,096,664
3,424,069
3,025,171
96,795
28,473
48,169
31,776
526,960
601,550
57,535
328,967
165,671
65,286
221,987
75,751
584,216
192,036
829,687
485,571
490,825
161,728
42,591
27,415
17,038
40,127
130,892
53,236
17,797
1,841,341
358,181
207,306
126,060
24,814
240,431
20,759
43,882
49,482
13,350
30,951
82,007
2009
10,106,473
3,421,374
2,891,205
94,216
25,685
47,920
29,522
531,107
585,171
47,105
312,848
164,142
54,790
225,515
64,483
529,661
179,042
869,860
576,797
485,091
174,727
45,844
27,401
17,501
40,139
113,895
47,490
18,094
1,862,146
320,352
183,628
117,681
19,043
246,868
23,520
39,282
48,599
14,229
33,707
87,531
2010
10,900,546
3,606,766
2,890,291
95,746
24,470
49,327
30,234
522,201
585,098
42,578
308,456
163,636
58,921
217,147
73,772
542,107
176,598
915,944
714,275
598,847
225,068
60,953
33,858
20,205
47,051
138,083
52,120
21,508
2,174,422
365,862
205,044
139,718
21,100
278,943
24,891
44,888
53,881
14,690
38,004
102,591
Appendix table 6-3

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
127,502
13,133
74,567
4,123
4,479
700
20,259
2,720
3,031
4,490
19,011
1,598
1,935
13,521
1,956
183,964
53,721
73,451
6,519
12,026
38,246
5,695
1,874
3,175
507
139
1991
138,753
18,070
72,681
4,382
4,648
831
25,925
3,382
3,873
4,962
20,839
1,564
1,783
15,739
1,754
189,989
54,248
77,599
6,304
11,917
39,921
6,273
1,927
3,567
593
187
1992
216,919
23,687
131,697
5,456
7,151
949
34,688
3,175
4,237
5,880
22,852
1,143
1,211
18,669
1,830
192,366
55,386
75,497
5,799
13,146
42,538
7,036
1,992
4,119
669
257
1993
281,743
32,305
173,878
6,085
8,589
1,101
44,823
2,595
4,564
7,804
22,241
753
1,125
18,617
1,746
193,220
54,549
74,397
6,294
12,195
45,785
7,691
2,154
4,462
717
358
1994
247,474
35,923
122,168
7,189
12,064
1,218
49,891
3,802
6,363
8,857
23,144
992
1,517
19,259
1,376
207,732
62,313
75,011
7,697
12,800
49,910
8,632
2,367
4,926
867
472
1995
219,827
38,228
96,329
8,780
14,712
1,327
37,776
5,204
7,777
9,694
27,444
1,450
2,524
21,971
1,498
229,008
69,089
78,831
9,288
14,615
57,185
10,524
2,609
5,530
998
1,387
1996
239,024
39,129
114,173
11,313
16,353
1,368
34,949
5,739
5,338
10,662
27,580
805
3,403
21,371
2,001
248,897
78,246
84,798
10,709
14,942
60,203
11,039
2,884
5,500
1,110
1,545
1997
257,878
41,141
120,736
12,533
18,410
1,483
38,374
6,284
7,117
11,801
29,564
934
3,402
23,178
2,050
254,802
81,632
90,864
10,901
15,417
55,988
11,617
3,007
5,698
1,265
1,647
1998
267,258
43,356
121,911
12,383
16,605
1,547
43,069
6,178
9,718
12,491
28,778
958
4,428
21,387
2,005
250,915
73,895
91,684
9,232
16,043
60,062
12,314
3,047
5,798
1,800
1,669
1999
226,409
43,398
78,118
11,240
12,560
1,672
52,109
5,558
10,042
11,712
26,331
806
1,314
22,131
2,080
267,024
83,476
97,921
9,741
16,626
59,260
12,732
3,232
5,920
1,831
1,748
Appendix table 6-3

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
240,955
43,347
83,622
11,123
11,276
1,876
61,589
5,789
10,499
11,834
26,257
983
1,432
21,984
1,859
274,070
82,851
109,224
8,610
16,134
57,251
13,270
3,286
6,219
1,905
1,859
2001
239,546
44,400
72,965
10,188
11,249
2,036
68,633
5,827
11,556
12,691
24,564
1,184
1,579
20,016
1,785
271,601
78,374
112,109
8,838
16,953
55,326
13,333
3,309
6,137
1,901
1,987
2002
216,206
14,745
68,879
9,944
12,200
2,202
81,374
6,252
8,876
11,733
24,255
1,209
1,855
18,761
2,430
295,448
87,988
115,801
10,728
19,931
61,001
14,646
3,461
6,861
2,194
2,129
2003
219,741
15,243
72,211
11,895
11,673
2,342
80,571
6,684
7,370
11,752
35,343
1,450
2,101
28,639
3,153
361,471
112,944
137,128
14,455
24,992
71,952
16,229
3,730
7,673
2,461
2,365
2004
242,056
17,885
78,139
14,453
14,147
2,471
87,124
7,245
7,955
12,636
44,802
1,392
2,994
37,788
2,629
424,240
137,165
158,647
17,702
29,515
81,211
17,823
3,965
8,427
2,690
2,741
2005
308,787
21,811
112,876
17,424
17,717
2,700
104,614
8,154
8,923
14,569
51,652
1,632
4,479
42,908
2,633
470,793
152,563
180,454
20,560
33,644
83,573
20,270
4,109
9,885
3,162
3,114
2006
358,511
26,491
137,065
19,938
19,295
3,108
115,036
9,190
12,306
16,083
58,256
2,063
7,394
45,836
2,964
516,128
166,868
203,176
20,114
35,623
90,348
23,125
4,272
11,558
3,761
3,533
2007
434,029
32,914
176,402
22,763
25,174
3,704
129,247
10,863
14,975
17,987
65,254
2,699
7,916
51,421
3,218
601,172
200,860
226,190
24,768
45,484
103,871
26,619
4,823
13,262
4,406
4,128
2008
500,855
41,908
210,594
25,172
29,929
4,390
136,596
13,183
20,976
18,105
65,108
2,928
9,495
49,182
3,502
646,523
217,433
236,225
25,291
50,559
117,015
30,244
5,446
13,899
5,649
5,250
2009
491,063
43,119
216,429
25,562
30,195
4,406
115,032
13,690
23,358
19,273
68,099
3,191
8,867
52,566
3,475
701,660
273,005
240,754
22,462
46,853
118,587
34,104
6,291
15,820
6,183
5,810
2010
591,198
51,050
281,353
31,600
37,152
5,432
128,343
16,415
17,543
22,312
84,450
3,480
11,254
65,884
3,833
816,222
338,633
273,149
27,429
51,983
125,027
37,746
7,037
17,269
7,284
6,156
EU = European Union
NOTES: Value added is amount contributed by country, firm, or other entity to value of good or service and excludes purchases of domestic and imported materials and inputs. Knowledge-intensive services classified by Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development and include education, health, and business, financial, and communications services. Commercial knowledge-intensive services exclude education and health. Data are not available for EU
members Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, and Slovenia. China includes Hong Kong. Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies. See appendix table 6-23 for full list of countries in each
region.
Appendix table 6-4

Value added of education services, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
854,086
284,774
308,153
11,871
1,416
6,309
6,043
55,065
61,920
2,107
55,997
12,774
2,523
20,429
8,661
43,742
19,296
104,437
10,355
28,613
6,876
1,430
89
480
896
11,394
4,820
2,628
117,755
6,057
1,203
4,680
174
10,839
6,575
111
1,092
936
1,245
880
1991
925,588
307,120
328,534
12,381
884
6,530
6,117
57,308
66,352
2,184
58,702
12,912
3,481
22,661
9,160
49,655
20,207
119,650
11,601
31,166
6,161
1,495
101
515
1,055
13,102
5,796
2,942
127,518
5,174
421
4,646
107
8,153
3,802
113
1,102
991
1,269
876
1992
1,011,034
324,611
369,906
13,911
946
7,205
5,556
65,824
78,363
2,624
62,686
14,603
3,989
26,830
10,063
54,336
22,969
135,235
13,898
39,159
6,327
1,627
125
831
1,219
14,712
7,172
7,147
128,225
5,923
272
4,760
891
9,377
4,441
121
1,227
1,118
1,307
1,163
1993
1,036,107
339,077
343,244
13,636
1,269
6,972
4,317
64,755
78,490
2,551
49,763
14,236
3,386
23,338
9,533
48,349
22,648
165,688
18,048
42,938
6,142
1,827
140
967
1,367
16,443
7,832
8,221
127,112
7,184
713
5,341
1,131
10,205
4,976
142
1,542
1,095
1,347
1,103
1994
1,095,490
355,055
359,995
14,594
1,601
7,519
4,977
67,816
82,498
2,759
49,400
14,929
4,131
23,520
9,937
52,351
23,965
178,289
17,064
49,087
6,694
1,996
156
1,229
1,691
19,329
8,744
9,248
135,999
8,331
3,211
3,879
1,242
11,297
5,482
529
1,733
1,202
1,117
1,233
1995
1,209,926
369,337
412,313
17,084
2,026
8,705
5,984
79,470
98,806
3,178
50,207
17,464
5,490
27,235
11,419
57,023
28,222
192,062
21,040
52,272
7,668
2,197
173
1,492
1,954
23,715
9,907
5,166
162,903
17,084
10,052
5,155
1,876
17,686
6,378
596
6,490
1,400
1,474
1,348
1996
1,241,865
384,144
421,850
16,577
2,359
8,891
5,936
78,822
97,273
3,369
58,810
16,809
6,386
28,473
12,687
57,722
27,737
172,982
24,280
59,053
8,602
2,470
199
1,787
2,720
26,536
10,851
5,888
179,555
21,735
13,774
5,609
2,352
19,493
7,173
591
7,394
1,392
1,507
1,436
1997
1,237,420
401,587
396,813
14,761
2,054
7,982
5,395
72,030
86,758
3,341
55,266
15,073
6,225
25,689
11,718
64,041
26,480
158,514
28,852
58,815
9,345
2,865
201
1,938
2,836
24,858
11,560
5,212
192,839
23,556
15,334
5,753
2,470
21,609
7,537
667
7,650
1,315
1,569
2,872
1998
1,252,757
425,500
409,601
15,086
2,094
8,337
5,547
74,495
87,873
3,243
55,134
15,736
6,796
26,882
11,779
69,049
27,550
150,454
33,414
48,284
9,905
1,447
154
1,754
2,560
17,239
10,831
4,393
185,503
18,019
10,085
5,921
2,013
22,687
7,752
1,841
7,556
908
1,590
3,041
1999
1,314,352
453,800
412,937
14,828
2,156
8,381
5,471
74,482
86,777
3,188
54,418
16,151
6,650
27,742
12,230
72,689
27,774
174,018
36,684
56,370
10,790
2,146
163
2,260
2,557
21,391
12,128
4,936
180,543
12,890
5,050
6,508
1,332
22,369
7,626
1,249
7,657
992
1,629
3,216
Appendix table 6-4

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
1,329,891
483,300
379,202
13,200
2,037
7,590
4,912
66,453
76,820
3,032
48,133
14,935
6,721
25,727
11,291
72,845
25,506
169,921
40,799
62,032
11,355
2,503
429
2,370
2,820
24,335
13,318
4,900
194,637
14,195
6,372
6,471
1,352
22,900
7,578
1,144
8,224
975
1,690
3,290
2001
1,355,534
511,500
387,623
13,547
2,248
7,690
5,044
67,412
76,475
3,392
49,279
15,702
7,911
27,209
10,788
74,477
26,448
150,044
47,004
62,295
11,716
2,399
481
2,408
2,965
24,239
13,533
4,553
197,069
14,989
8,445
4,887
1,657
23,931
7,525
1,660
8,531
1,054
1,758
3,403
2002
1,436,964
545,000
430,238
14,939
2,783
8,496
5,601
74,048
83,627
4,170
54,556
17,864
8,298
30,557
12,155
82,849
30,295
145,679
51,988
68,843
12,422
3,091
520
2,697
3,166
27,906
14,122
4,918
195,216
17,219
8,943
6,251
2,025
24,594
7,192
2,736
7,834
1,096
1,838
3,897
2003
1,612,579
581,000
527,370
18,563
3,530
10,513
7,008
91,548
100,011
5,651
68,729
22,652
9,371
38,887
15,858
95,491
39,559
153,667
56,882
78,811
14,362
3,963
559
2,982
3,276
32,901
15,436
5,332
214,849
21,329
10,378
8,380
2,571
24,123
6,189
2,355
7,972
1,404
1,914
4,288
2004
1,769,938
609,800
600,211
20,907
4,056
12,040
8,054
101,161
113,582
6,645
73,802
25,711
11,447
45,552
17,926
113,488
45,841
163,115
65,716
88,357
16,305
4,528
601
3,445
3,588
37,745
15,958
6,187
242,740
27,559
13,910
10,599
3,050
25,847
5,659
3,248
8,607
1,585
2,018
4,730
2005
1,882,812
637,900
627,638
21,911
4,803
12,284
8,390
104,664
115,238
7,385
77,481
26,457
13,690
48,368
18,211
119,484
49,273
157,982
75,532
101,484
19,009
5,083
630
3,615
3,759
45,368
17,034
6,986
282,275
34,813
17,471
13,209
4,133
29,005
7,272
3,820
8,828
1,748
2,123
5,215
2006
2,002,401
674,900
654,685
23,073
5,450
12,863
8,688
108,055
114,767
8,396
80,751
27,346
14,803
51,907
19,178
127,101
52,307
149,095
84,108
116,534
21,189
6,431
711
4,632
4,184
53,417
17,606
8,364
323,079
42,840
22,821
14,810
5,210
32,279
8,303
4,639
9,395
1,830
2,226
5,886
2007
2,228,503
717,000
750,278
26,335
6,504
14,124
9,924
122,064
128,923
10,042
91,562
31,492
17,879
61,128
21,670
146,989
61,643
145,266
102,539
134,054
26,850
7,377
880
5,776
4,728
59,779
18,223
10,442
379,367
55,488
30,095
18,856
6,538
32,539
5,242
4,876
10,986
2,132
2,334
6,969
2008
2,435,431
757,900
807,813
29,994
8,033
16,032
11,168
133,076
140,895
11,743
96,444
35,410
21,885
70,405
23,218
138,280
71,229
162,298
128,342
137,498
30,503
8,080
1,059
6,458
5,489
55,440
19,130
11,339
441,579
68,958
38,976
21,677
8,305
38,597
5,751
6,197
13,285
2,465
2,462
8,437
2009
2,420,234
782,700
773,926
29,499
7,519
16,280
10,993
130,516
139,462
11,834
94,465
35,633
17,662
70,793
20,381
119,952
68,937
167,656
144,609
133,950
32,167
8,819
1,030
6,362
5,592
49,803
18,747
11,432
417,393
59,785
32,968
20,657
6,160
38,474
6,535
5,313
12,723
2,568
2,606
8,729
2010
2,552,808
805,682
763,106
29,455
7,249
16,289
10,877
125,103
135,016
10,979
90,950
34,940
18,653
71,495
22,317
122,020
67,763
177,192
171,602
157,416
40,163
11,626
1,222
7,149
6,176
57,967
20,233
12,882
477,809
65,950
36,289
22,705
6,956
42,487
6,793
6,054
13,982
2,691
2,930
10,038
Appendix table 6-4

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
44,662
9,304
21,647
1,236
2,226
120
8,440
849
102
737
2,401
140
69
594
1,598
52,234
13,779
29,864
1,687
5,186
1,719
1,561
405
916
46
195
1991
53,798
14,555
21,719
1,454
2,522
298
10,707
1,588
122
834
2,378
135
67
682
1,495
56,162
14,458
33,019
1,683
5,272
1,730
1,851
557
1,005
60
229
1992
50,693
18,440
10,565
1,912
2,133
355
14,114
2,003
169
1,003
2,672
362
99
800
1,412
57,469
14,784
33,383
1,631
5,832
1,838
2,089
588
1,114
70
318
1993
49,384
10,034
12,574
2,198
2,614
424
18,433
1,584
181
1,342
2,628
242
115
930
1,342
55,367
14,424
32,170
1,709
5,240
1,825
2,343
650
1,154
81
459
1994
55,712
10,833
14,377
2,627
3,522
486
20,520
1,580
180
1,585
2,260
246
137
1,029
848
55,778
15,785
30,754
1,951
5,480
1,809
2,621
702
1,258
88
572
1995
64,190
11,203
27,551
3,387
4,516
538
13,174
1,748
269
1,806
2,764
384
165
1,215
1,000
58,109
16,453
30,755
2,332
6,384
2,184
3,069
763
1,458
97
751
1996
70,619
11,254
31,456
3,044
5,836
568
14,159
1,787
223
2,293
3,063
765
173
1,151
974
61,346
18,710
31,330
2,583
6,675
2,048
3,298
791
1,509
102
896
1997
80,794
11,716
31,215
3,357
7,192
616
17,403
1,893
4,647
2,754
3,364
911
219
1,214
1,020
60,050
18,727
30,560
2,588
6,411
1,764
3,465
822
1,578
100
965
1998
80,968
12,182
28,285
3,463
6,643
698
19,145
1,965
5,698
2,889
3,285
1,049
266
1,160
810
56,942
16,971
29,319
2,249
6,608
1,795
3,602
882
1,654
71
995
1999
79,485
12,958
22,337
3,552
6,402
775
22,517
1,838
6,473
2,633
3,012
964
73
1,213
762
59,044
17,948
30,221
2,371
6,796
1,709
3,742
961
1,695
81
1,004
Appendix table 6-4

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
91,225
13,615
28,479
3,731
5,262
856
26,963
1,916
7,934
2,470
3,263
748
131
1,308
1,076
58,814
17,255
31,501
2,127
6,401
1,530
4,240
1,033
2,096
64
1,048
2001
92,777
13,542
23,063
3,482
5,362
949
32,029
2,040
9,233
3,076
2,901
802
152
1,150
797
58,252
16,186
31,633
2,022
6,848
1,563
4,219
1,049
2,001
66
1,103
2002
82,022
4,287
21,851
3,514
4,764
1,005
34,781
2,122
6,551
3,146
3,411
958
147
1,121
1,185
63,303
18,263
32,855
2,390
8,090
1,704
4,668
1,097
2,318
70
1,183
2003
83,519
4,780
23,158
3,630
4,541
1,050
34,830
2,336
5,617
3,578
4,029
1,191
151
1,817
870
76,607
22,976
38,590
3,264
9,886
1,892
5,242
1,215
2,599
48
1,380
2004
90,086
5,451
25,529
4,358
5,490
1,082
35,386
2,560
6,092
4,137
4,980
1,266
168
2,409
1,138
88,580
28,217
43,597
4,038
10,780
1,948
5,687
1,323
2,840
42
1,482
2005
107,805
7,162
32,779
5,028
6,951
1,129
40,098
2,793
7,128
4,737
5,388
1,382
194
2,756
1,056
98,911
31,348
49,216
4,524
11,867
1,956
6,352
1,366
3,238
48
1,699
2006
127,169
9,513
42,203
5,698
7,742
1,220
43,532
3,033
8,865
5,363
5,957
1,567
225
2,934
1,231
107,662
33,162
55,612
4,467
12,442
1,979
7,172
1,441
3,791
20
1,921
2007
152,196
12,348
54,716
6,471
9,734
1,393
47,074
3,395
11,007
6,058
6,679
1,838
259
3,158
1,425
124,197
39,144
62,914
5,508
14,442
2,189
8,266
1,710
4,376
17
2,163
2008
184,264
16,466
65,048
7,530
11,271
1,664
50,136
3,884
14,935
13,330
6,632
1,915
326
2,872
1,519
134,111
41,846
68,105
5,400
16,238
2,522
9,016
1,973
4,653
28
2,362
2009
178,239
16,866
64,429
7,825
10,909
1,627
43,773
3,923
15,607
13,281
6,573
1,749
295
3,077
1,452
124,122
37,794
63,541
4,684
15,570
2,533
10,199
2,258
5,342
30
2,569
2010
206,723
19,384
82,428
9,220
12,900
1,974
49,170
4,414
12,307
14,925
7,630
1,882
376
3,790
1,582
144,235
46,621
72,238
5,564
17,182
2,630
10,783
2,563
5,783
35
2,403
EU = European Union
NOTES: Value added is amount contributed by country, firm, or other entity to value of good or service and excludes purchases of domestic and imported materials and inputs. Data are not available for EU members Cyprus, Estonia,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, and Slovenia. China includes Hong Kong. Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies. See appendix table 6-23 for full list of countries in each region.
Appendix table 6-5

Value added of health and social services, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
942,842
335,449
368,168
10,370
1,103
11,651
9,916
79,195
81,662
2,180
47,701
19,638
1,906
20,413
15,969
50,804
15,659
89,178
7,261
21,558
9,422
1,834
85
419
1,149
4,912
2,523
1,214
121,227
2,261
618
1,516
126
5,306
142
565
817
1,282
1,597
903
1991
1,026,134
367,987
391,402
11,048
629
11,709
10,340
79,649
87,506
2,357
52,883
20,632
2,603
23,066
16,890
55,656
16,434
101,508
8,131
22,650
8,442
1,917
96
449
1,352
5,748
3,287
1,360
134,456
1,804
218
1,501
85
5,357
82
573
824
1,358
1,628
892
1992
1,135,151
403,985
442,724
11,858
810
12,961
9,397
90,916
106,693
2,690
56,563
23,288
3,047
27,829
18,555
59,006
19,111
116,585
9,576
26,980
8,670
2,087
118
778
1,563
6,398
4,064
3,303
135,302
2,404
193
1,515
696
5,906
96
617
918
1,532
1,676
1,067
1993
1,158,272
424,712
419,102
12,186
1,100
12,634
6,994
89,964
106,349
2,698
46,478
23,143
2,846
23,416
17,477
54,680
19,137
142,280
12,256
28,852
8,417
2,342
133
857
1,753
7,196
4,355
3,799
131,069
3,012
433
1,697
882
6,053
107
564
1,154
1,500
1,727
1,001
1994
1,242,362
444,651
446,857
13,393
1,388
13,377
7,984
94,889
117,196
2,911
47,064
24,220
3,004
23,570
18,257
58,806
20,797
165,132
12,171
32,419
9,173
2,560
148
987
2,169
8,294
4,815
4,274
141,132
4,658
2,344
1,229
1,084
6,892
118
1,253
1,296
1,647
1,433
1,145
1995
1,394,706
465,081
519,635
15,728
1,757
15,823
9,725
110,924
142,941
3,642
48,838
28,352
3,992
27,577
20,809
64,483
25,045
191,934
14,859
35,435
10,507
2,817
164
1,159
2,506
10,174
5,721
2,388
167,762
10,975
7,677
1,737
1,562
11,225
137
1,294
4,701
1,919
1,890
1,284
1996
1,436,026
482,905
537,850
15,453
1,932
16,146
9,807
112,351
144,116
4,177
55,659
27,688
4,528
28,993
23,601
68,378
25,020
179,021
17,088
40,391
11,787
3,168
189
1,288
3,488
11,482
6,273
2,717
178,772
14,682
10,713
1,899
2,069
11,717
155
1,223
5,120
1,908
1,932
1,379
1997
1,422,402
504,526
502,937
13,718
1,835
14,841
8,891
100,453
127,632
4,280
56,330
25,269
4,654
26,069
21,281
75,287
22,397
168,024
20,042
42,307
12,806
3,673
191
1,298
3,637
11,554
6,712
2,436
184,566
16,542
12,434
1,922
2,187
13,452
190
1,141
6,360
1,802
2,012
1,947
1998
1,441,587
528,259
518,008
14,085
1,948
15,550
9,046
102,303
129,754
4,195
56,241
26,441
5,337
27,369
21,340
80,575
23,824
158,864
22,728
37,123
13,572
1,856
146
1,114
3,283
8,594
6,548
2,011
176,605
12,626
7,850
3,233
1,543
13,030
235
1,214
6,238
1,244
2,039
2,061
1999
1,506,775
559,018
519,022
14,820
1,894
15,624
8,971
100,696
128,048
4,481
55,310
26,835
4,691
28,521
21,901
83,473
23,757
185,815
24,641
43,675
14,785
2,752
155
1,360
3,280
11,511
7,428
2,405
174,605
8,479
4,103
3,507
869
13,296
284
1,084
6,354
1,359
2,089
2,125
Appendix table 6-5

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
1,553,570
592,144
482,222
13,483
1,806
14,098
8,151
89,533
114,241
4,639
52,639
25,075
4,973
26,690
21,334
83,702
21,858
219,825
27,006
47,965
15,560
3,210
391
1,397
3,617
13,075
8,305
2,410
184,408
9,483
5,184
3,501
797
14,570
299
1,731
6,897
1,336
2,167
2,139
2001
1,614,708
640,500
496,548
13,881
2,099
14,529
8,537
91,861
115,550
5,358
54,410
27,156
6,336
27,477
20,639
85,825
22,889
207,670
30,392
50,756
16,055
3,077
459
1,400
3,803
15,397
8,207
2,359
188,843
10,393
6,718
2,556
1,119
15,860
303
2,175
7,412
1,445
2,254
2,270
2002
1,743,496
690,943
562,532
15,367
2,805
16,015
9,500
104,317
129,784
6,372
59,127
32,673
7,406
31,720
23,899
96,974
26,574
206,381
33,134
54,847
17,022
3,964
508
1,583
4,060
16,714
8,491
2,506
195,658
15,006
10,280
3,348
1,378
16,772
304
2,865
7,117
1,502
2,358
2,626
2003
1,996,210
741,200
701,464
19,309
3,383
20,073
11,983
131,913
158,917
8,843
73,074
42,208
8,385
42,584
30,431
115,569
34,792
231,199
35,692
62,055
19,680
5,083
587
1,784
4,200
19,456
8,689
2,575
224,600
18,555
12,273
4,578
1,705
18,112
252
3,170
7,315
1,924
2,454
2,998
2004
2,226,159
790,375
812,377
22,308
3,997
22,993
13,875
154,938
177,041
11,063
86,478
48,118
8,124
50,909
34,444
137,712
40,377
254,066
40,713
69,956
22,343
5,806
662
2,042
4,601
22,341
9,261
2,901
258,672
24,201
16,446
5,700
2,055
20,003
230
3,841
7,892
2,172
2,588
3,279
2005
2,370,327
833,337
854,110
23,294
4,555
23,531
14,755
162,036
182,392
12,051
91,706
49,686
9,766
55,801
35,201
145,340
43,995
260,394
44,725
81,708
26,048
6,518
727
2,239
4,820
27,862
10,131
3,362
296,055
30,487
20,023
7,685
2,779
22,258
296
4,927
8,214
2,395
2,722
3,704
2006
2,527,756
886,516
908,428
24,536
5,099
24,935
15,590
171,923
190,441
13,589
97,361
52,241
11,115
60,764
37,191
156,065
47,577
252,423
49,315
94,113
29,035
8,247
826
2,906
5,365
33,092
10,680
3,960
336,962
40,156
28,228
8,409
3,518
24,418
338
5,823
8,802
2,507
2,854
4,094
2007
2,796,122
940,990
1,030,500
28,276
5,874
28,235
17,997
196,469
211,068
14,995
105,443
60,029
13,654
72,654
43,008
176,382
56,417
255,836
59,272
110,934
36,792
9,460
1,009
3,646
6,062
38,147
11,068
4,749
398,591
52,480
37,156
10,845
4,479
27,561
213
6,706
9,988
2,922
2,993
4,738
2008
3,076,743
1,001,909
1,135,932
32,557
7,752
31,468
20,755
220,455
235,225
17,418
121,206
68,663
17,401
86,248
46,696
165,932
64,157
295,032
70,794
116,624
41,797
10,362
1,166
4,225
7,039
34,982
11,970
5,084
456,452
65,996
47,954
12,468
5,574
32,727
234
8,523
11,945
3,378
3,157
5,490
2009
3,089,109
1,057,948
1,099,681
33,147
7,224
31,888
20,351
216,214
238,865
16,528
116,728
70,206
14,043
88,182
41,064
143,939
61,302
304,774
77,777
118,493
44,077
11,038
1,133
4,162
7,165
33,825
11,968
5,125
430,437
57,091
41,135
11,881
4,075
31,495
266
7,308
11,440
3,519
3,330
5,633
2010
3,334,927
1,111,747
1,130,741
34,367
7,220
33,045
20,908
216,511
244,022
15,866
116,714
71,541
15,278
90,425
46,463
156,210
62,170
343,563
93,432
146,796
55,073
14,895
1,387
4,804
8,181
43,328
13,083
6,044
508,649
66,459
48,184
13,539
4,736
36,171
285
8,533
13,052
3,802
3,861
6,638
Appendix table 6-5

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
36,232
7,558
16,539
1,355
1,980
96
7,136
341
491
736
1,536
47
18
814
657
74,095
17,434
35,403
1,931
8,096
11,232
1,798
480
1,175
63
80
1991
43,715
11,825
16,594
1,594
2,243
238
9,110
651
586
872
1,591
45
18
934
594
79,864
18,184
39,361
2,010
8,602
11,706
2,125
660
1,288
83
94
1992
41,288
14,981
8,072
2,096
1,852
284
11,412
765
768
1,058
1,791
121
26
1,096
548
81,575
17,967
39,445
1,930
9,636
12,597
2,337
683
1,428
95
131
1993
38,998
8,166
9,607
2,410
2,305
339
13,235
652
867
1,416
1,892
81
30
1,274
506
78,596
17,336
38,007
2,058
8,840
12,356
2,519
739
1,480
111
189
1994
42,998
8,815
10,985
2,881
3,234
388
13,409
675
911
1,700
1,872
82
36
1,410
344
81,958
19,505
36,505
2,350
9,296
14,302
2,754
784
1,614
121
235
1995
50,720
9,071
21,050
3,713
3,864
430
8,692
762
1,290
1,849
2,235
129
43
1,665
398
89,435
21,386
36,578
2,784
11,107
17,580
3,172
839
1,870
133
330
1996
53,717
9,205
24,034
3,242
4,122
454
8,726
821
991
2,121
2,262
275
45
1,578
363
93,086
23,796
36,970
3,131
11,826
17,362
3,309
871
1,936
139
363
1997
58,306
9,661
23,850
3,759
4,647
493
10,509
923
1,874
2,592
2,418
304
57
1,663
393
90,414
23,160
37,125
3,212
11,860
15,057
3,434
898
2,023
137
375
1998
58,117
9,931
21,611
3,826
4,494
544
11,553
911
2,530
2,717
2,300
329
70
1,589
312
87,006
20,980
35,722
2,797
11,942
15,565
3,525
932
2,121
97
375
1999
56,059
10,238
17,067
3,703
4,375
612
13,766
936
2,954
2,408
2,283
318
19
1,662
284
90,830
23,040
37,475
2,887
12,446
14,981
3,659
986
2,174
112
387
Appendix table 6-5

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
62,346
10,464
21,186
3,848
3,054
651
16,313
956
3,466
2,408
2,433
267
34
1,792
340
91,346
22,520
40,561
2,647
11,764
13,854
4,230
1,031
2,688
88
423
2001
63,120
10,522
18,216
3,565
3,038
710
19,482
1,009
3,921
2,657
2,171
305
40
1,576
250
93,181
21,549
41,777
2,662
12,627
14,566
4,118
1,025
2,566
91
436
2002
54,242
3,165
16,585
3,572
2,763
775
21,292
1,074
2,757
2,258
2,279
345
38
1,536
360
102,780
24,382
43,393
3,126
15,479
16,400
4,581
1,050
2,973
96
462
2003
53,594
3,487
17,299
2,610
2,593
809
20,899
1,201
2,398
2,297
3,163
397
40
2,490
236
126,071
31,720
52,053
4,278
18,603
19,417
5,105
1,135
3,333
65
572
2004
59,332
3,809
20,429
3,216
3,114
852
21,562
1,304
2,589
2,458
4,039
419
44
3,301
274
145,500
38,400
59,007
5,385
20,658
22,050
5,598
1,209
3,642
58
689
2005
70,778
4,649
26,228
3,697
4,174
912
23,861
1,431
3,001
2,826
4,657
490
51
3,776
339
161,614
43,335
66,198
6,315
23,146
22,620
6,261
1,260
4,153
66
783
2006
84,958
5,754
34,218
4,306
4,856
1,038
26,012
1,565
4,056
3,154
5,031
570
59
4,021
382
175,320
46,035
74,912
6,196
25,025
23,152
7,078
1,309
4,861
27
881
2007
103,402
7,340
44,619
4,936
6,422
1,223
28,578
1,700
5,036
3,549
5,485
674
68
4,327
416
201,529
54,628
84,353
7,325
30,261
24,962
8,135
1,496
5,612
23
1,003
2008
122,433
9,153
53,045
5,571
7,436
1,512
30,295
1,995
6,833
6,593
5,216
747
82
3,936
451
221,212
58,803
91,087
7,181
34,635
29,506
8,869
1,723
5,967
39
1,140
2009
118,504
9,375
52,540
5,790
7,197
1,478
26,267
2,015
7,140
6,703
5,522
797
75
4,216
434
207,684
53,109
84,983
6,497
33,459
29,637
10,141
1,957
6,909
41
1,234
2010
142,156
11,111
68,300
7,151
8,676
1,840
29,017
2,337
5,873
7,850
6,853
903
98
5,356
496
245,740
67,238
99,785
8,114
38,584
32,019
11,271
2,253
7,748
49
1,221
EU = European Union
Appendix table 6-6

Value added of business services, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
1,501,256
590,366
527,317
14,340
1,667
7,741
5,545
122,520
156,381
2,922
66,223
23,694
1,217
24,077
11,393
73,145
16,452
172,105
20,401
33,009
11,746
2,274
1,030
1,789
2,344
10,224
2,773
828
158,059
4,531
558
3,850
123
17,576
138
3,349
5,400
399
4,887
3,403
1991
1,589,751
596,592
555,126
15,374
1,459
7,896
4,964
123,192
163,734
2,852
71,087
25,451
2,175
26,571
13,145
79,050
18,177
211,097
22,321
36,238
10,736
2,729
1,164
1,878
2,767
12,759
3,292
914
168,377
5,025
749
4,220
56
18,617
77
3,543
6,008
458
5,179
3,351
1992
1,789,703
643,959
628,467
17,908
1,646
8,359
4,229
136,446
192,872
3,133
78,783
28,845
4,030
29,477
15,265
85,710
21,765
247,958
27,912
40,414
10,556
3,019
1,506
1,922
3,252
14,464
4,106
1,589
200,994
6,896
2,117
4,479
300
21,584
350
4,634
6,776
541
5,404
3,877
1993
1,857,371
683,763
590,157
17,741
2,288
8,419
3,385
127,218
195,888
2,823
63,546
28,708
3,538
26,096
11,575
77,040
21,891
291,067
35,473
45,086
11,424
3,433
1,977
2,055
3,601
16,414
4,476
1,706
211,825
12,779
7,584
4,624
570
21,271
622
4,300
6,163
520
5,593
4,073
1994
2,000,268
729,449
623,180
19,618
2,734
9,381
4,342
133,795
202,719
3,287
62,184
31,481
4,966
26,622
13,231
85,561
23,258
317,589
35,642
52,334
12,140
4,079
2,144
2,448
4,476
20,000
5,184
1,864
242,075
14,829
10,860
3,211
758
22,873
888
4,041
6,957
542
5,817
4,628
1995
2,244,384
783,132
735,737
23,600
3,199
10,351
5,648
157,903
241,638
3,294
71,151
39,262
6,533
31,220
15,979
97,966
27,992
358,572
41,643
62,002
13,119
4,488
2,540
2,882
5,572
25,294
5,908
2,199
263,298
19,417
14,318
4,295
804
26,652
1,157
3,969
9,678
711
5,875
5,262
1996
2,386,887
863,572
775,699
24,227
3,752
10,380
6,111
160,995
239,752
4,242
84,395
42,525
7,727
33,485
18,877
109,506
29,727
329,212
47,240
70,500
13,343
4,796
3,117
3,227
6,353
29,702
6,431
3,531
300,663
22,580
17,373
4,321
887
28,856
1,429
4,340
10,762
619
6,375
5,333
1997
2,468,183
956,484
756,737
23,052
3,228
10,555
6,196
147,234
215,980
5,296
84,917
40,743
8,514
31,777
18,029
131,940
29,275
307,874
52,853
72,215
14,612
4,773
3,199
3,280
6,605
29,885
6,976
2,886
322,020
25,061
19,597
4,386
1,077
29,048
1,525
4,822
9,882
583
6,522
5,715
1998
2,602,060
1,053,443
811,829
25,216
3,712
10,653
6,813
157,261
223,251
6,242
84,434
44,309
10,689
33,969
19,784
153,608
31,886
298,856
52,280
56,572
15,170
1,783
2,308
2,676
5,570
20,175
6,753
2,138
329,080
26,999
14,465
11,593
941
31,745
1,657
4,937
11,111
1,946
6,267
5,827
1999
2,771,687
1,144,732
848,941
26,132
3,576
11,117
7,210
163,593
225,841
6,144
89,567
47,074
10,224
36,381
22,150
166,708
33,223
341,667
52,238
64,502
17,127
2,316
2,437
3,098
5,496
23,872
7,760
2,396
319,607
25,541
10,578
14,156
808
32,160
1,882
4,318
11,319
2,088
6,492
6,060
Appendix table 6-6

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
2,930,993
1,252,037
819,737
24,793
3,484
10,693
6,702
155,505
208,242
7,421
85,441
44,237
10,705
35,118
23,014
172,676
31,703
390,185
54,137
72,959
19,124
3,502
2,376
2,922
5,842
28,088
8,779
2,326
341,939
32,518
14,394
17,300
824
35,263
1,845
5,271
12,783
2,087
6,620
6,657
2001
3,003,335
1,330,243
853,022
26,396
3,953
11,433
7,615
161,551
212,589
8,941
87,032
47,242
12,227
39,115
22,382
178,607
33,938
350,716
56,063
71,235
20,511
3,355
2,435
2,730
5,522
26,062
8,493
2,126
342,057
33,278
18,894
13,025
1,360
37,199
1,810
6,884
12,875
2,059
6,756
6,815
2002
3,119,666
1,373,904
929,181
27,996
5,588
12,250
8,143
175,884
226,005
9,660
98,467
48,789
12,610
44,766
23,875
195,195
39,952
335,731
58,209
79,323
22,049
4,491
2,582
2,901
5,629
30,786
8,579
2,305
343,319
35,781
18,927
15,238
1,616
41,580
1,665
9,935
12,987
2,327
6,918
7,748
2003
3,471,567
1,434,641
1,134,917
35,044
6,486
14,929
10,230
216,261
277,361
12,567
125,987
58,150
13,184
58,521
29,409
228,524
48,265
360,165
59,379
90,309
25,928
5,666
2,721
3,027
5,766
35,698
9,032
2,472
392,156
45,176
23,658
19,702
1,816
43,010
1,363
10,564
12,520
2,945
7,070
8,548
2004
3,848,316
1,533,430
1,303,436
41,017
7,614
17,888
12,442
247,723
307,215
14,476
141,083
65,873
15,173
68,370
35,131
272,769
56,661
387,102
68,193
101,305
30,188
6,318
2,859
3,267
6,188
40,022
9,765
2,699
454,849
56,988
28,444
25,999
2,546
48,784
1,279
12,578
14,268
3,444
7,373
9,842
2005
4,161,345
1,651,224
1,383,708
43,559
9,160
19,063
13,483
259,730
323,933
20,514
145,566
70,502
18,925
75,359
36,641
285,224
62,048
397,790
77,431
118,754
35,558
7,121
3,227
3,980
7,015
48,398
10,610
2,846
532,439
74,641
37,677
33,513
3,450
56,161
1,792
14,771
16,306
3,853
7,690
11,749
2006
4,523,090
1,802,379
1,492,855
47,485
10,293
20,751
14,775
284,225
338,929
24,156
148,405
78,471
21,307
85,383
41,290
308,673
68,713
393,817
89,831
136,981
39,626
9,093
3,723
4,573
8,322
56,658
11,808
3,178
607,226
94,579
49,010
41,122
4,447
66,721
2,221
18,789
17,585
4,323
8,030
15,774
2007
5,066,099
1,919,079
1,748,831
56,591
12,894
23,839
18,401
329,460
395,885
27,284
169,457
95,189
26,329
104,839
49,761
354,250
84,653
404,039
109,433
160,639
49,187
10,370
4,792
5,643
10,648
63,522
12,880
3,597
724,078
130,937
69,940
53,700
7,298
80,946
2,360
25,003
21,320
5,420
8,422
18,421
2008
5,506,066
1,990,410
1,909,566
64,751
17,060
26,394
21,581
370,210
439,557
29,980
188,387
107,881
32,972
120,867
53,240
339,292
97,394
463,922
135,126
187,116
73,978
11,765
5,086
6,564
13,690
58,266
14,007
3,760
819,926
163,472
93,188
61,141
9,143
96,519
2,835
31,582
25,449
6,022
9,174
21,458
2009
5,354,407
1,920,735
1,784,680
61,242
15,380
25,983
19,731
366,414
417,660
24,135
180,729
98,941
27,976
113,333
43,712
297,685
91,760
490,600
160,140
188,405
81,892
12,877
5,193
6,856
13,663
50,263
13,780
3,880
809,848
151,209
82,452
61,150
7,606
97,742
3,400
28,290
25,520
6,573
10,335
23,624
2010
5,704,298
2,040,217
1,789,298
62,403
14,828
26,711
20,163
359,047
416,569
23,007
176,940
98,194
30,092
107,473
49,997
312,927
90,944
504,980
195,267
234,798
106,095
16,917
6,407
8,000
15,839
61,473
15,423
4,642
939,737
173,485
90,987
74,007
8,492
110,264
3,617
32,250
28,283
6,816
11,589
27,709
Appendix table 6-6

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
42,577
8,119
16,059
2,177
2,258
283
8,328
1,925
1,529
1,899
5,994
439
277
4,591
687
84,743
30,312
28,996
2,639
4,694
18,102
2,637
1,391
1,067
147
32
1991
49,268
11,229
15,653
2,255
2,330
358
11,004
2,333
2,005
2,100
6,711
434
276
5,367
636
85,955
29,664
30,045
2,611
4,830
18,805
2,802
1,418
1,166
171
46
1992
75,615
14,904
31,462
2,792
3,780
383
15,175
2,219
2,512
2,388
7,277
274
197
6,158
648
86,621
30,419
28,541
2,569
5,374
19,718
3,002
1,463
1,278
202
59
1993
82,618
19,702
27,799
3,100
4,522
410
19,553
1,753
2,564
3,214
7,355
186
245
6,344
580
84,577
28,777
28,046
2,977
5,189
19,588
3,224
1,582
1,321
230
92
1994
97,203
23,000
32,422
3,659
6,169
445
22,742
2,498
2,466
3,802
7,902
245
747
6,546
365
95,644
35,186
28,296
3,628
5,686
22,847
3,623
1,720
1,487
284
133
1995
95,704
23,918
33,711
4,508
7,073
467
15,320
3,049
3,320
4,337
9,403
193
1,308
7,468
434
107,579
39,039
30,491
4,516
6,914
26,619
4,544
1,875
1,690
333
647
1996
117,510
24,539
50,342
5,883
7,611
481
17,761
3,336
2,726
4,831
9,926
231
1,741
7,222
733
116,919
44,526
32,746
5,491
7,557
26,598
4,871
2,084
1,727
354
706
1997
134,021
25,710
56,612
6,527
8,485
518
23,178
3,549
3,557
5,885
10,621
261
1,736
7,905
719
118,177
45,696
35,755
5,585
8,034
23,107
5,092
2,141
1,791
403
758
1998
135,888
26,078
55,399
6,378
7,778
544
25,596
3,495
4,444
6,176
10,999
274
2,701
7,284
740
118,131
42,721
37,656
4,700
8,748
24,305
5,317
2,167
1,733
649
768
1999
118,297
25,678
35,077
5,734
5,998
580
31,472
3,242
4,823
5,692
9,445
248
863
7,586
748
128,675
47,715
41,828
5,093
9,610
24,429
5,490
2,301
1,783
651
755
Appendix table 6-6

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
127,567
25,673
35,365
5,730
5,904
649
40,317
3,400
5,082
5,447
9,349
404
975
7,284
686
131,557
47,649
47,343
4,395
9,638
22,531
5,686
2,338
1,887
680
780
2001
125,280
24,632
28,387
5,272
5,595
741
45,709
3,601
5,625
5,718
8,863
431
1,007
6,714
712
131,986
43,895
49,121
4,580
10,212
24,177
5,450
2,311
1,625
670
845
2002
107,037
7,545
25,010
5,122
6,711
773
48,828
3,740
4,028
5,279
9,096
455
1,092
6,725
825
143,813
49,911
51,249
5,535
11,952
25,166
6,012
2,390
1,877
822
923
2003
110,013
8,288
25,783
6,074
6,322
786
50,228
3,937
3,142
5,454
14,239
511
1,346
10,886
1,495
173,212
63,880
60,835
7,522
13,827
27,147
6,506
2,546
2,022
924
1,014
2004
120,492
9,034
28,910
7,394
7,558
827
53,038
4,252
3,414
6,066
18,150
529
2,030
14,424
1,167
203,399
76,979
69,587
9,377
16,058
31,399
7,035
2,674
2,229
985
1,146
2005
142,677
10,615
37,543
8,952
9,298
864
60,155
4,668
3,717
6,865
21,959
603
3,152
16,989
1,215
229,160
85,884
79,951
10,897
19,174
33,253
7,842
2,666
2,814
1,140
1,223
2006
160,413
12,498
44,124
10,183
10,378
1,021
65,087
5,106
4,396
7,619
24,037
705
3,650
18,339
1,344
252,278
95,778
89,200
10,616
21,512
35,172
9,197
2,690
3,798
1,382
1,327
2007
185,595
15,483
53,943
11,597
13,285
1,228
70,242
5,826
5,398
8,593
27,632
825
4,273
21,025
1,509
288,411
112,920
95,115
13,080
28,014
39,281
10,557
2,924
4,485
1,590
1,558
2008
209,436
19,419
64,339
12,894
15,120
1,459
74,247
6,871
7,525
7,563
27,756
897
5,182
19,985
1,693
310,736
124,273
94,997
13,314
30,987
47,166
12,006
3,189
4,907
2,003
1,907
2009
201,529
20,408
66,687
13,005
15,355
1,458
60,665
7,273
8,369
8,308
29,032
914
4,834
21,611
1,673
316,940
116,421
111,949
12,292
28,356
47,923
13,397
3,636
5,336
2,281
2,144
2010
238,177
24,318
87,989
16,004
18,795
1,790
64,840
8,718
6,094
9,627
35,870
999
6,117
27,001
1,754
367,095
144,112
125,612
15,002
31,420
50,948
14,847
4,007
5,898
2,704
2,237
EU = European Union
NOTES: Value added is amount contributed by country, firm, or other entity to value of good or service and excludes purchases of domestic and imported materials and inputs. Business activities consist of computer programming and
related services, R&D services, legal, accounting, bookkeeping, auditing, tax, market research, public opinion polling, business and management, consulting, architectural, engineering, and advertising. Data are not available for EU
members Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, and Slovenia. China includes Hong Kong. Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies. See appendix table 6-23 for full list of countries in each
region.
Appendix table 6-7

Value added of computer programming and related services, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
164,307
48,080
67,153
1,056
155
1,336
991
19,248
15,049
319
10,241
2,007
119
3,122
1,980
10,053
1,476
21,983
1,740
4,274
1,629
315
143
248
325
1,167
332
115
21,076
628
77
534
17
2,415
19
442
749
55
678
472
1991
181,809
50,547
70,494
1,133
136
1,327
945
19,358
15,757
311
10,993
2,112
213
3,445
2,285
10,865
1,613
31,815
1,949
4,643
1,489
378
161
260
384
1,414
430
127
22,363
697
104
585
8
2,558
11
468
833
64
718
465
1992
208,332
55,958
78,652
1,319
154
1,407
861
21,713
17,722
342
12,183
2,362
395
3,822
2,653
11,780
1,937
39,661
2,400
5,146
1,464
419
209
266
451
1,575
541
220
26,516
956
294
621
42
2,962
49
612
940
75
749
538
1993
215,111
61,839
73,499
1,307
213
1,351
694
20,142
18,253
308
10,117
2,367
347
3,384
2,012
11,048
1,954
43,103
2,902
5,746
1,584
476
274
285
499
1,800
591
237
28,022
1,772
1,052
641
79
2,921
86
568
855
72
776
565
1994
234,406
69,695
78,925
1,445
255
1,526
858
21,278
19,139
359
10,194
2,576
487
3,452
2,413
12,788
2,156
43,766
3,048
6,636
1,683
566
297
339
621
2,183
688
258
32,337
2,056
1,506
445
105
3,145
123
534
965
75
807
642
1995
269,335
77,028
93,613
1,739
298
1,515
1,070
25,666
22,764
360
10,980
3,415
641
4,048
3,184
15,314
2,620
51,510
3,376
7,787
1,819
622
352
400
773
2,743
773
305
36,021
2,692
1,985
596
111
3,670
160
524
1,342
99
815
730
1996
298,824
88,891
102,732
1,787
463
1,359
1,133
26,157
23,590
643
13,974
4,255
758
4,528
4,061
17,167
2,857
52,398
3,905
9,708
1,850
665
432
448
881
4,112
831
490
41,190
3,131
2,409
599
123
3,973
198
573
1,492
86
884
739
1997
325,088
105,302
107,060
1,885
585
1,792
1,183
25,202
22,637
950
13,418
4,930
836
4,460
4,187
22,058
2,938
53,744
4,554
10,669
2,026
662
444
455
916
4,657
1,110
400
43,759
3,475
2,717
608
149
3,996
211
637
1,370
81
904
792
1998
368,687
122,855
127,763
2,393
632
1,828
1,596
29,364
26,298
1,344
14,590
6,010
1,049
5,085
4,842
29,211
3,523
59,643
4,676
8,877
2,103
247
320
371
772
3,494
1,273
296
44,873
3,744
2,006
1,607
130
4,369
230
652
1,541
270
869
808
1999
406,200
130,864
140,364
2,766
618
2,011
1,761
32,307
26,384
1,397
15,953
6,978
1,004
6,062
5,707
33,457
3,959
75,730
4,698
11,204
2,375
321
338
430
762
4,944
1,703
332
43,340
3,541
1,467
1,963
112
4,431
261
570
1,570
290
900
840
Appendix table 6-7

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
432,045
137,568
138,676
2,620
630
1,989
1,673
30,304
25,616
2,675
14,975
6,774
1,051
5,979
5,684
34,768
3,940
91,143
5,148
13,642
2,652
486
329
405
810
6,433
2,205
322
45,869
4,509
1,996
2,399
114
4,855
256
696
1,772
289
918
923
2001
455,963
152,460
151,315
3,328
747
2,316
2,105
31,372
28,704
2,899
16,317
7,361
1,507
7,210
6,077
36,935
4,438
87,897
5,649
13,455
2,844
465
338
379
766
6,071
2,298
295
45,187
4,614
2,620
1,806
189
5,113
251
910
1,785
286
937
945
2002
488,235
168,228
166,239
3,475
1,106
2,635
2,165
33,507
29,423
3,088
20,113
7,333
1,754
8,699
6,137
40,923
5,880
87,590
6,164
15,052
3,057
623
358
402
781
7,232
2,279
320
44,964
4,961
2,624
2,113
224
5,700
231
1,313
1,801
323
959
1,074
2003
538,250
173,484
197,555
4,164
1,142
3,201
2,625
40,136
32,975
3,384
24,115
8,794
2,062
11,077
7,497
49,448
6,935
92,443
6,771
16,547
3,595
786
377
420
799
7,842
2,386
343
51,449
6,264
3,280
2,732
252
5,895
189
1,396
1,736
408
980
1,185
2004
606,594
195,774
229,013
4,661
1,238
3,691
3,338
46,018
37,732
3,772
25,684
10,018
2,574
12,688
9,470
59,710
8,416
95,325
7,772
18,386
4,186
876
396
453
858
8,681
2,562
374
60,324
7,902
3,944
3,605
353
6,682
177
1,662
1,978
478
1,022
1,365
2005
639,559
202,911
240,396
4,914
1,686
3,472
3,593
46,765
39,162
6,868
26,157
10,967
2,691
13,355
9,921
61,384
9,462
94,985
8,782
21,685
4,930
987
447
552
973
10,688
2,713
395
70,800
10,350
5,224
4,647
478
7,691
248
1,951
2,261
534
1,066
1,629
2006
692,450
226,415
258,845
5,335
2,152
4,134
3,900
51,621
40,774
8,088
26,800
12,312
3,029
14,583
10,173
65,388
10,556
91,293
9,969
25,205
5,494
1,261
516
634
1,154
12,693
3,012
441
80,723
13,114
6,796
5,702
617
9,129
308
2,482
2,438
599
1,113
2,187
2007
768,182
232,558
304,360
6,597
2,750
5,012
4,738
59,715
49,092
9,135
31,302
15,268
3,743
17,238
11,821
75,168
12,782
93,293
11,709
29,142
6,820
1,438
665
782
1,476
13,962
3,499
499
97,120
18,155
9,698
7,446
1,012
11,060
327
3,303
2,956
752
1,168
2,554
2008
849,060
247,632
335,737
7,736
3,859
6,407
5,434
68,633
56,887
10,037
34,215
17,387
4,688
19,892
13,402
72,417
14,741
107,120
14,063
32,163
10,340
1,702
703
917
1,921
12,050
4,002
528
112,345
23,463
13,320
8,821
1,321
13,361
412
4,206
3,546
843
1,310
3,044
2009
828,204
245,640
311,399
7,317
3,556
6,307
5,060
67,117
54,053
8,080
32,298
15,926
4,004
18,746
11,004
63,608
14,322
113,280
14,665
32,134
11,539
1,953
720
936
1,887
10,531
4,031
537
111,086
21,606
11,725
8,761
1,120
13,337
493
3,640
3,509
915
1,472
3,308
2010
887,803
268,812
312,415
7,413
3,605
6,515
5,219
66,129
54,008
7,791
31,316
15,813
4,333
17,208
12,575
66,314
14,177
117,604
18,070
39,586
14,973
2,628
892
1,074
2,155
12,713
4,513
639
131,317
26,709
14,980
10,466
1,263
15,022
524
4,118
3,858
953
1,662
3,907
Appendix table 6-7

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
5,146
1,126
2,227
302
313
39
407
267
202
263
830
61
38
637
94
11,692
4,203
3,932
358
690
2,510
365
193
148
19
4
1991
5,959
1,557
2,170
313
323
50
666
324
265
291
929
60
38
744
87
11,833
4,113
4,072
355
685
2,608
387
197
162
23
6
1992
9,260
2,067
4,362
387
524
53
896
308
332
331
1,008
38
27
854
89
11,915
4,218
3,878
349
736
2,734
415
203
177
27
8
1993
10,204
2,732
3,855
430
627
57
1,477
243
339
446
1,019
26
34
880
79
11,660
3,990
3,860
409
685
2,716
446
219
183
30
13
1994
12,352
3,189
4,496
507
855
62
2,043
346
326
527
1,095
34
104
908
50
13,188
4,879
3,893
503
745
3,168
501
239
206
38
18
1995
12,848
3,316
4,674
625
981
65
1,724
423
439
601
1,303
27
181
1,035
60
14,880
5,413
4,198
624
953
3,691
628
260
234
44
90
1996
15,761
3,403
6,980
816
1,055
67
1,948
463
360
670
1,374
32
241
1,001
99
16,278
6,174
4,521
763
1,132
3,688
673
289
240
47
98
1997
17,685
3,565
7,850
905
1,177
72
2,339
492
470
816
1,470
36
241
1,096
97
16,429
6,336
4,841
792
1,257
3,204
703
297
248
53
105
1998
17,721
3,616
7,682
884
1,078
75
2,457
485
587
856
1,522
38
375
1,010
100
16,783
5,924
5,094
665
1,731
3,370
733
300
240
86
107
1999
14,898
3,560
4,864
795
832
80
2,890
450
637
789
1,307
34
120
1,052
101
18,406
6,616
5,622
713
2,068
3,387
757
319
247
86
105
Appendix table 6-7

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
15,565
3,560
4,904
794
819
90
3,500
471
671
755
1,294
56
135
1,010
93
18,862
6,607
6,383
606
2,142
3,124
784
324
262
90
108
2001
14,675
3,415
3,936
731
776
103
3,679
499
743
793
1,227
60
140
931
96
18,807
6,086
6,552
631
2,185
3,352
751
320
225
88
117
2002
11,669
1,046
3,468
710
931
107
3,624
519
532
732
1,259
63
151
932
112
20,545
6,921
6,851
751
2,533
3,489
828
331
260
109
128
2003
11,769
1,149
3,575
842
877
109
3,500
546
415
756
1,970
71
187
1,509
203
24,656
8,858
8,173
1,015
2,846
3,764
896
353
280
122
141
2004
12,940
1,253
4,009
1,025
1,048
115
3,609
590
451
841
2,513
73
281
2,000
158
29,318
10,674
9,382
1,251
3,658
4,354
969
371
309
130
159
2005
15,472
1,472
5,206
1,241
1,289
120
4,054
647
491
952
3,041
84
437
2,356
164
33,167
11,909
10,810
1,446
4,392
4,611
1,080
370
390
151
170
2006
17,453
1,733
6,118
1,412
1,439
142
4,264
708
581
1,057
3,329
98
506
2,543
182
36,432
13,280
12,451
1,405
4,419
4,877
1,266
373
527
183
184
2007
20,693
2,147
7,480
1,608
1,842
170
4,733
808
713
1,191
3,827
114
593
2,915
204
41,931
15,657
13,310
1,710
5,807
5,447
1,453
405
622
210
216
2008
23,890
2,721
9,173
1,847
2,125
200
4,739
950
1,066
1,067
3,921
126
730
2,833
232
46,040
17,559
13,680
1,742
6,423
6,636
1,670
449
682
270
269
2009
23,794
2,842
9,371
1,864
2,107
201
4,041
1,009
1,193
1,166
4,046
127
672
3,025
224
46,433
16,200
15,985
1,620
5,878
6,750
1,869
522
729
311
308
2010
29,056
3,389
12,434
2,321
2,616
250
4,552
1,216
915
1,364
5,059
139
886
3,801
233
53,383
19,809
17,912
1,993
6,525
7,144
2,088
588
803
370
327
EU = European Union
NOTES: Value added is amount contributed by country, firm, or other entity to value of good or service and excludes purchases of domestic and imported materials and inputs. Computer programming and related services consists of
hardware, software and related services, data processing, database activities, maintenance and repair of computers and related equipment, and other computer-related activities. Data are not available for EU members Cyprus,
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, and Slovenia. China includes Hong Kong. Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies. See appendix table 6-23 for full list of countries in each region.
Appendix table 6-8

Value added of R&D services, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
98,281
25,184
29,421
252
87
437
485
13,219
3,940
13
2,465
1,370
73
142
1,747
4,370
821
7,591
1,188
5,213
2,367
458
208
361
472
946
234
167
29,684
913
112
776
25
3,601
28
733
1,088
80
985
686
1991
103,945
25,465
31,156
270
76
458
516
13,866
4,125
13
2,646
1,359
130
157
2,016
4,723
802
9,209
1,328
5,481
2,164
550
235
379
558
1,202
210
184
31,306
1,013
151
850
11
3,814
16
776
1,211
92
1,044
675
1992
117,792
27,476
34,570
315
86
424
466
15,275
4,897
14
2,932
1,446
241
174
2,341
5,121
839
10,850
1,638
6,131
2,127
609
304
387
655
1,475
253
320
37,126
1,390
427
903
60
4,431
71
1,015
1,366
109
1,089
781
1993
121,417
29,001
32,170
312
119
351
340
14,628
5,134
13
2,454
1,361
211
154
1,775
4,457
860
12,891
1,963
6,826
2,302
692
398
414
726
1,683
266
344
38,566
2,576
1,529
932
115
4,362
125
942
1,242
105
1,127
821
1994
134,151
30,706
34,412
345
143
427
399
14,650
5,375
15
3,592
1,372
296
157
2,031
4,698
913
14,814
2,469
7,742
2,447
822
432
493
902
1,977
293
376
44,008
2,989
2,189
647
153
4,681
179
885
1,402
109
1,172
933
1995
151,081
32,918
39,357
414
167
404
483
16,734
6,401
15
3,944
1,699
390
184
2,440
5,007
1,075
18,005
2,305
9,016
2,644
905
512
581
1,123
2,452
357
443
49,479
3,913
2,886
866
162
5,441
233
869
1,951
143
1,184
1,060
1996
163,356
36,086
41,669
398
203
469
520
17,293
6,447
27
4,535
1,694
461
198
2,864
5,345
1,214
16,295
2,609
10,090
2,689
967
628
650
1,280
2,746
418
712
56,607
4,551
3,501
871
179
5,892
288
950
2,169
125
1,285
1,075
1997
167,214
39,770
38,881
428
160
403
518
14,735
5,967
24
4,639
1,460
508
188
2,723
5,806
1,322
15,551
3,059
10,155
2,945
962
645
661
1,331
2,621
409
582
59,799
5,051
3,950
884
217
5,939
307
1,056
1,992
117
1,315
1,152
1998
170,144
43,520
40,760
392
176
438
545
14,532
6,524
36
5,087
1,476
638
189
2,995
6,194
1,536
14,769
2,644
7,891
3,057
359
465
539
1,123
1,562
354
431
60,560
5,442
2,915
2,337
190
6,484
334
1,081
2,239
392
1,263
1,174
1999
176,021
48,056
41,808
482
167
466
550
14,425
6,484
102
5,552
1,565
610
191
3,324
6,386
1,504
17,908
2,125
8,798
3,452
467
491
624
1,108
1,831
342
483
57,326
5,148
2,132
2,853
163
6,557
379
946
2,281
421
1,308
1,221
Appendix table 6-8

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
184,294
54,835
39,588
420
163
462
503
12,196
6,851
145
5,640
1,417
639
197
3,508
6,000
1,449
17,970
2,051
9,711
3,854
706
479
589
1,177
2,077
360
469
60,139
6,554
2,901
3,487
166
7,199
372
1,154
2,576
421
1,334
1,342
2001
186,531
62,474
38,190
441
184
437
494
11,663
6,006
104
5,555
1,517
798
238
3,385
5,794
1,575
15,278
1,923
9,719
4,134
676
491
550
1,113
1,975
351
429
58,947
6,707
3,808
2,625
274
7,617
365
1,508
2,595
415
1,362
1,373
2002
197,928
70,588
41,935
508
224
483
565
12,863
6,632
109
6,274
1,568
778
325
3,612
6,132
1,863
14,487
1,838
10,631
4,444
905
520
585
1,135
2,229
349
465
58,450
7,212
3,815
3,071
326
8,554
336
2,176
2,618
469
1,394
1,562
2003
222,461
74,145
51,636
707
255
686
821
15,444
8,425
226
7,900
2,028
800
494
4,422
7,018
2,410
15,027
1,805
12,080
5,226
1,142
548
610
1,162
2,530
363
498
67,767
9,105
4,768
3,971
366
8,853
275
2,313
2,523
594
1,425
1,723
2004
247,480
77,513
58,543
857
299
672
879
17,301
9,408
213
8,925
2,412
881
582
5,081
8,108
2,927
15,957
2,024
13,685
6,084
1,273
576
658
1,247
2,921
381
544
79,757
11,486
5,733
5,240
513
10,052
258
2,754
2,876
694
1,486
1,984
2005
269,795
83,493
60,279
920
387
699
923
17,311
9,020
193
9,242
2,466
1,296
650
5,313
8,463
3,396
14,347
2,219
16,059
7,167
1,435
650
802
1,414
3,604
413
574
93,397
15,044
7,594
6,755
695
11,577
361
3,235
3,286
777
1,550
2,368
2006
299,076
91,969
64,815
965
417
684
929
18,314
9,274
227
10,208
2,619
1,459
747
5,942
9,226
3,805
13,722
2,364
18,404
7,987
1,833
750
922
1,677
4,149
446
641
107,802
19,062
9,878
8,288
896
13,775
448
4,115
3,544
871
1,618
3,179
2007
341,798
99,090
75,173
1,070
497
676
914
20,706
11,442
257
11,301
2,872
1,803
964
7,311
10,411
4,949
13,332
2,719
22,072
9,914
2,090
966
1,137
2,146
4,628
467
725
129,411
26,390
14,096
10,823
1,471
16,751
476
5,475
4,297
1,092
1,698
3,713
2008
383,239
108,142
80,966
1,243
619
393
1,146
21,569
13,056
282
12,291
3,213
2,258
1,113
7,762
10,065
5,957
15,308
2,303
28,188
14,946
2,392
1,030
1,334
2,845
4,354
520
767
148,331
33,120
18,591
12,680
1,849
20,041
577
6,905
5,182
1,222
1,853
4,302
2009
391,362
112,916
76,815
1,176
659
387
1,172
21,839
12,405
227
11,602
3,288
1,966
840
6,373
9,150
5,731
16,189
2,480
30,184
17,003
2,654
1,077
1,429
2,880
3,796
530
815
152,778
31,632
16,985
13,050
1,598
20,665
707
6,387
5,345
1,380
2,134
4,710
2010
431,483
119,234
78,067
1,210
630
399
1,208
21,510
12,465
220
11,444
3,286
2,126
809
7,313
9,712
5,735
17,168
2,835
38,070
22,015
3,471
1,328
1,670
3,378
4,640
592
977
176,110
33,682
16,064
15,827
1,791
23,364
754
7,306
5,935
1,435
2,397
5,537
Appendix table 6-8

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
7,091
1,636
3,237
439
455
57
161
388
335
383
1,212
88
56
925
143
16,334
6,109
5,715
520
341
3,648
534
280
215
32
6
1991
7,959
2,263
3,155
455
470
72
212
470
439
423
1,356
87
56
1,082
132
16,596
5,979
5,919
516
393
3,790
568
286
235
37
9
1992
12,522
3,004
6,341
563
762
77
296
447
550
481
1,470
55
40
1,241
134
16,705
6,131
5,637
507
456
3,974
608
295
258
44
12
1993
13,135
3,971
5,603
625
911
83
379
353
562
648
1,485
38
49
1,279
120
16,355
5,800
5,611
594
402
3,948
654
319
266
50
18
1994
15,488
4,636
6,535
738
1,243
90
437
503
540
766
1,594
49
150
1,319
75
18,522
7,092
5,659
731
435
4,605
735
347
300
62
27
1995
16,547
4,821
6,794
909
1,425
94
288
614
727
874
1,897
39
264
1,505
89
20,760
7,868
6,102
908
517
5,365
922
378
341
73
130
1996
20,486
4,946
10,146
1,186
1,534
97
334
672
597
974
2,007
46
351
1,456
154
22,683
8,974
6,571
1,109
668
5,361
988
420
348
78
142
1997
22,844
5,182
11,410
1,316
1,710
104
442
715
779
1,186
2,147
53
350
1,593
151
22,785
9,210
7,036
1,151
731
4,657
1,033
431
361
88
153
1998
22,796
5,256
11,166
1,286
1,568
110
490
704
973
1,245
2,224
55
544
1,468
156
22,530
8,610
7,404
966
652
4,899
1,083
437
349
142
155
1999
18,190
5,175
7,070
1,156
1,209
117
606
653
1,056
1,147
1,910
50
174
1,529
158
24,403
9,617
8,172
1,036
654
4,924
1,118
464
359
143
152
Appendix table 6-8

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
18,455
5,174
7,128
1,155
1,190
131
781
685
1,113
1,098
1,890
81
196
1,468
144
24,883
9,604
9,279
880
579
4,541
1,158
471
380
149
157
2001
17,029
4,965
5,721
1,063
1,128
149
893
726
1,232
1,152
1,793
87
203
1,353
150
24,691
8,847
9,524
917
531
4,873
1,110
466
327
147
170
2002
12,764
1,521
5,041
1,032
1,353
156
962
754
882
1,064
1,839
92
220
1,355
172
26,855
10,059
9,959
1,092
673
5,072
1,226
482
378
180
186
2003
13,100
1,670
5,196
1,224
1,274
158
995
793
688
1,099
2,881
103
271
2,194
312
32,501
12,875
11,879
1,476
800
5,471
1,327
513
408
202
204
2004
14,860
1,821
5,827
1,490
1,523
167
1,206
857
748
1,223
3,668
107
409
2,907
245
38,256
15,515
13,638
1,818
956
6,328
1,435
539
449
216
231
2005
18,047
2,139
7,567
1,804
1,874
174
1,350
941
814
1,384
4,436
122
635
3,424
255
42,693
17,310
15,713
2,103
866
6,702
1,600
537
567
250
246
2006
20,637
2,519
8,893
2,052
2,092
206
1,347
1,029
963
1,536
4,856
142
736
3,696
282
47,594
19,304
18,098
2,043
1,060
7,089
1,878
542
765
303
267
2007
24,783
3,121
10,872
2,337
2,678
248
1,440
1,174
1,182
1,732
5,582
166
861
4,238
317
53,750
22,759
19,348
2,485
1,241
7,917
2,155
589
904
348
314
2008
28,891
3,901
13,020
2,602
3,022
296
1,473
1,399
1,643
1,536
5,656
182
1,048
4,067
358
58,149
25,049
19,598
2,544
1,373
9,586
2,474
647
999
441
387
2009
30,829
4,220
13,947
2,704
3,203
303
1,351
1,516
1,875
1,711
6,056
190
1,003
4,505
359
60,769
24,096
23,020
2,408
1,257
9,989
2,827
755
1,113
516
442
2010
37,617
5,026
18,385
3,319
3,917
373
1,444
1,813
1,362
1,979
7,504
207
1,262
5,657
378
70,802
29,959
25,822
2,950
1,402
10,668
3,141
830
1,236
613
462
EU = European Union
Appendix table 6-9

Value added of financial services, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
1,135,069
346,519
343,109
11,273
888
5,515
4,934
60,300
70,126
2,065
51,318
13,392
365
27,417
14,781
59,759
20,975
184,621
26,171
54,505
11,551
4,958
3,893
1,601
2,691
12,756
12,244
4,810
180,145
6,771
344
6,395
32
14,885
712
524
3,998
373
6,466
2,812
1991
1,210,224
382,033
353,051
11,875
1,325
5,635
4,123
58,289
73,423
2,470
54,567
14,415
654
29,400
13,498
61,752
21,626
198,480
27,251
60,098
12,111
5,951
4,399
1,665
2,929
15,276
12,464
5,303
189,311
8,670
396
8,211
63
15,613
400
554
4,449
428
6,641
3,141
1992
1,351,851
414,295
370,335
13,485
1,337
6,413
3,872
64,464
80,981
3,115
52,989
16,139
1,386
31,198
10,443
61,643
22,869
215,636
33,240
68,840
11,037
6,584
5,690
1,753
3,717
17,962
15,925
6,172
249,505
13,968
4,690
8,196
1,082
18,736
1,810
725
5,017
506
6,873
3,805
1993
1,496,650
441,339
363,180
12,638
1,527
6,147
3,554
62,597
86,984
3,134
45,123
16,229
1,737
25,216
10,837
63,453
24,005
253,666
40,540
78,445
12,303
7,486
7,470
1,813
4,910
19,352
17,100
8,013
319,481
24,331
11,075
9,934
3,322
20,392
3,212
728
4,563
486
7,079
4,323
1994
1,531,024
456,317
375,683
13,830
1,586
7,084
3,748
63,999
92,344
2,937
45,821
18,639
2,701
23,197
10,686
64,456
24,653
297,106
38,665
91,991
14,222
8,895
8,100
2,148
5,846
22,555
20,524
9,701
271,261
21,648
13,966
5,007
2,674
22,604
4,586
305
5,151
507
7,278
4,777
1995
1,648,628
489,579
411,920
16,524
1,605
8,150
5,029
67,983
105,084
4,842
47,702
23,860
3,162
26,683
9,983
63,151
28,163
335,984
46,977
108,242
18,336
9,787
9,596
2,553
6,354
29,205
21,124
11,288
255,925
15,891
5,242
9,645
1,004
26,576
5,979
509
7,166
665
7,205
5,054
1996
1,680,078
527,114
428,937
15,783
1,775
7,914
4,344
69,986
107,346
4,830
51,626
23,837
4,218
25,771
12,032
72,086
27,389
288,571
54,266
120,378
18,344
10,459
11,778
3,084
8,743
32,762
22,259
12,950
260,811
15,397
2,026
12,390
981
29,810
7,383
522
7,968
578
7,273
6,087
1997
1,701,494
582,413
402,684
13,568
1,518
7,248
3,783
62,560
96,412
4,718
44,137
21,431
5,349
24,121
12,553
80,231
25,056
265,142
60,715
122,432
20,752
10,407
12,086
3,252
10,321
29,885
25,871
9,858
268,108
17,085
2,898
13,191
996
30,461
7,900
525
7,317
545
7,671
6,502
1998
1,692,861
634,698
399,085
13,664
2,114
7,526
4,109
62,072
90,196
5,280
47,863
21,709
5,223
25,775
10,728
76,759
26,068
226,216
60,072
94,793
20,986
3,888
8,721
2,660
9,388
20,427
23,032
5,693
277,998
22,433
1,065
20,510
858
35,627
9,367
703
8,227
1,932
7,844
7,554
1999
1,799,788
681,747
414,606
13,459
1,923
6,808
3,768
62,513
102,176
6,019
48,359
22,744
5,916
24,625
11,355
78,567
26,373
265,312
63,120
108,684
24,541
5,050
9,207
2,984
8,937
27,902
25,926
4,137
266,319
27,543
1,774
25,287
482
37,889
10,487
744
8,381
1,881
8,427
7,968
Appendix table 6-9

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
1,852,423
762,012
365,892
12,482
1,457
6,477
4,718
61,167
71,599
6,259
45,857
20,876
7,503
24,197
9,670
68,119
25,510
282,506
68,507
109,533
23,523
7,637
8,586
2,743
8,783
27,531
27,094
3,636
263,973
22,399
3,239
18,632
528
41,445
11,327
1,148
9,465
1,905
8,839
8,761
2001
1,911,026
838,678
363,430
11,727
1,820
6,542
3,986
54,798
69,733
7,197
48,254
21,821
7,699
27,045
8,595
69,471
24,741
262,619
70,595
111,027
26,493
7,375
9,195
2,523
9,030
28,838
24,166
3,407
264,677
24,579
6,779
16,819
980
42,101
10,581
1,303
9,533
1,889
9,317
9,478
2002
2,025,086
863,537
423,141
13,684
2,103
7,431
4,293
62,584
79,703
8,331
50,050
25,380
7,287
30,798
8,733
95,282
27,483
267,195
73,879
126,950
29,788
8,798
10,213
2,623
9,149
38,349
24,073
3,958
270,383
20,872
9,505
10,207
1,160
42,554
8,184
2,461
9,616
1,966
9,889
10,438
2003
2,263,259
903,148
538,454
16,211
2,969
9,806
3,489
80,095
104,184
12,987
65,197
34,925
7,986
38,151
11,245
117,105
34,104
294,482
79,271
137,673
34,773
10,469
10,521
2,614
9,078
41,856
23,486
4,875
310,231
25,063
12,956
10,359
1,748
45,754
6,878
3,416
9,270
2,348
10,630
13,212
2004
2,468,012
929,247
632,071
19,412
3,448
11,171
4,314
90,341
126,408
16,011
72,975
40,040
9,397
44,243
14,434
137,644
42,232
311,006
84,790
146,943
37,035
10,792
10,971
2,797
10,283
43,489
25,766
5,811
363,955
34,771
17,747
13,036
3,988
54,355
8,636
4,385
10,564
2,670
11,538
16,561
2005
2,699,600
1,028,515
653,567
19,785
3,402
11,772
4,212
93,531
118,965
18,013
76,849
43,596
11,660
46,839
15,309
144,593
45,040
317,183
96,177
165,815
40,934
11,404
11,654
3,597
11,516
52,092
28,032
6,586
438,343
44,304
26,833
13,596
3,874
66,843
7,964
4,375
12,074
3,030
12,739
26,661
2006
2,928,662
1,105,548
696,776
20,496
3,943
12,484
5,271
99,406
117,829
20,253
79,225
40,674
13,544
51,917
14,268
167,256
50,209
302,604
130,668
184,872
46,937
13,593
13,261
4,283
14,026
57,811
27,407
7,556
508,194
58,901
38,620
15,241
5,040
75,854
8,621
5,277
13,020
3,437
14,020
31,478
2007
3,259,733
1,110,433
814,185
22,829
5,905
15,013
6,961
109,477
118,481
24,315
99,544
41,072
19,577
68,490
15,821
207,342
59,361
291,392
200,892
216,279
58,376
15,382
15,512
5,437
18,544
65,761
28,317
8,949
626,553
78,339
49,012
20,905
8,423
92,294
9,163
7,389
15,786
4,449
15,110
40,397
2008
3,423,973
1,100,398
848,175
23,494
7,180
17,376
6,610
116,915
116,362
24,198
108,432
44,349
24,324
77,201
16,644
198,576
66,513
288,763
244,417
230,185
69,022
17,535
17,366
6,247
21,197
59,254
29,049
10,515
712,035
99,155
61,958
24,032
13,165
106,661
10,984
9,391
18,794
5,049
16,039
46,404
2009
3,574,000
1,171,612
856,412
25,322
6,640
17,902
6,556
120,525
126,517
19,806
102,448
53,132
19,630
89,668
15,768
191,198
61,299
292,313
289,530
221,271
72,788
17,649
16,877
6,153
21,073
52,042
24,087
10,600
742,862
86,450
54,276
22,902
9,272
108,752
12,481
8,052
17,998
5,259
16,912
48,049
2010
3,906,754
1,235,184
852,984
25,712
6,228
18,454
6,746
119,498
127,833
16,652
103,001
53,489
21,036
88,988
18,131
187,403
59,814
315,028
358,197
271,824
93,405
22,969
20,910
7,202
25,276
63,298
26,116
12,648
873,536
96,532
59,555
26,848
10,130
123,400
13,260
9,349
20,072
5,391
19,142
56,186
Appendix table 6-9

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
74,071
3,391
54,123
1,612
1,707
211
9,244
500
1,333
1,949
9,110
830
1,609
5,965
706
74,070
16,765
32,480
2,802
5,387
16,637
1,238
399
709
109
20
1991
76,735
4,690
52,754
1,670
1,761
266
11,108
692
1,618
2,176
9,864
820
1,463
6,972
609
77,091
17,101
34,774
2,584
5,219
17,413
1,339
407
775
127
30
1992
126,196
6,225
95,819
2,067
2,755
320
14,498
504
1,302
2,708
10,191
518
983
8,000
691
78,956
17,817
34,322
2,219
5,685
18,913
1,457
421
849
149
38
1993
180,428
9,080
140,527
2,296
3,372
401
19,250
461
1,466
3,575
10,066
352
849
8,242
623
82,701
18,347
34,524
2,294
5,137
22,399
1,563
456
878
170
59
1994
129,344
8,760
83,993
2,710
4,903
452
20,469
822
3,361
3,875
10,343
463
737
8,505
638
85,541
19,450
35,056
2,885
5,187
22,963
1,782
499
988
210
85
1995
106,588
9,872
59,070
3,338
6,382
498
18,348
1,349
3,673
4,059
12,369
884
1,178
9,702
605
92,157
21,333
36,192
3,255
5,608
25,770
2,344
558
1,123
246
417
1996
100,583
9,835
58,172
4,356
7,207
509
12,779
1,481
1,843
4,403
12,161
412
1,617
9,383
750
100,380
23,768
39,110
3,521
5,180
28,801
2,479
602
1,148
262
467
1997
99,584
10,121
57,795
4,833
8,050
549
10,154
1,746
2,053
4,283
13,219
496
1,614
10,271
837
105,177
25,479
42,314
3,534
5,057
28,792
2,583
629
1,190
298
466
1998
102,186
11,129
57,808
4,723
6,828
568
11,636
1,745
3,327
4,422
12,431
520
1,668
9,463
779
102,578
21,732
41,415
3,059
5,000
31,372
2,743
638
1,152
480
473
1999
79,496
11,524
36,468
4,246
4,935
641
13,412
1,410
2,776
4,082
11,556
434
435
9,856
831
106,948
25,891
42,682
3,225
4,600
30,550
2,887
683
1,185
482
537
Appendix table 6-9

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
73,823
11,523
32,371
4,242
3,838
725
12,552
1,457
2,763
4,350
11,458
449
441
9,898
670
111,816
26,010
47,516
2,931
4,500
30,859
3,033
700
1,254
504
575
2001
75,443
13,768
31,400
3,903
3,868
774
12,693
1,340
3,058
4,638
10,499
536
502
8,991
469
109,184
26,069
48,418
2,999
4,531
27,167
2,871
701
1,080
496
595
2002
76,149
5,399
31,632
3,792
3,698
859
22,262
1,628
2,594
4,285
10,186
472
675
8,089
950
117,400
28,766
49,577
3,714
5,212
30,132
3,222
727
1,247
609
639
2003
75,162
4,661
32,872
4,498
3,660
939
20,340
1,811
2,241
4,139
14,073
644
642
11,680
1,106
146,640
37,546
58,685
5,023
7,877
37,510
3,539
811
1,344
684
700
2004
80,225
5,846
32,137
5,475
4,580
981
22,686
1,947
2,309
4,264
17,679
560
782
15,495
841
173,031
46,484
68,955
6,067
9,896
41,630
3,893
873
1,481
730
809
2005
113,077
7,351
51,841
6,628
5,942
1,116
30,500
2,355
2,346
4,998
19,404
660
1,003
16,987
755
190,129
52,718
77,768
7,105
10,614
41,924
4,587
923
1,870
844
950
2006
135,500
9,122
65,410
7,618
6,162
1,265
33,940
2,695
3,765
5,524
22,389
889
2,323
18,337
840
209,931
56,894
88,689
7,089
10,220
47,039
5,618
970
2,524
1,023
1,101
2007
171,812
11,671
87,567
8,715
8,338
1,518
39,950
3,215
4,675
6,162
25,849
1,308
2,730
21,023
789
251,688
70,918
103,011
8,729
13,257
55,773
6,571
1,124
2,981
1,178
1,289
2008
202,566
15,381
104,103
9,678
10,968
1,814
42,968
4,101
6,343
7,210
25,430
1,414
3,328
19,923
765
270,623
75,457
111,499
8,885
15,235
59,547
7,600
1,305
3,163
1,462
1,669
2009
196,169
15,755
103,112
9,471
10,616
1,774
37,158
4,142
6,628
7,513
26,036
1,679
3,020
20,550
787
317,213
132,721
102,219
7,434
15,028
59,811
8,241
1,473
3,355
1,560
1,853
2010
239,888
18,540
132,168
11,752
13,130
2,168
43,758
4,995
4,693
8,684
32,378
1,822
3,767
25,778
1,012
372,218
165,766
117,903
9,154
16,717
62,679
9,120
1,669
3,655
1,829
1,967
EU = European Union
Appendix table 6-10

Value added of communications services, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
364,247
143,666
105,674
3,000
425
1,922
1,898
16,292
27,995
817
12,757
3,881
832
6,758
3,113
19,503
6,481
36,651
3,163
15,521
2,243
2,951
738
327
2,020
3,506
3,015
722
59,572
8,712
1,097
7,571
44
9,129
2,621
195
1,962
748
2,073
1,531
1991
390,012
152,950
111,918
3,076
314
1,873
1,826
16,966
28,986
800
13,956
3,971
991
7,769
3,289
21,566
6,534
40,780
3,923
17,741
2,182
3,513
872
423
2,417
3,998
3,456
879
62,702
8,090
536
7,533
20
8,520
1,682
245
2,096
740
2,241
1,515
1992
425,237
164,741
123,061
3,317
311
2,177
1,665
18,509
33,585
876
15,692
4,597
1,034
9,052
3,640
21,351
7,255
43,397
4,870
19,990
2,467
3,897
1,014
482
2,594
4,121
4,336
1,079
69,177
10,489
2,251
8,127
111
8,828
1,279
230
2,231
831
2,349
1,908
1993
447,054
172,674
116,660
3,270
582
2,032
1,256
18,332
33,637
824
14,108
4,521
1,050
8,046
2,880
18,665
7,456
52,362
6,725
22,437
2,632
4,506
1,185
503
2,969
4,549
4,807
1,286
76,196
14,523
5,277
9,105
142
9,311
1,411
278
2,244
822
2,463
2,094
1994
483,118
183,119
121,918
3,585
667
2,218
1,404
19,682
35,305
942
12,299
4,840
1,279
8,445
2,957
20,153
8,142
61,200
7,346
26,254
3,265
5,152
1,397
573
3,541
5,364
5,373
1,590
83,281
17,604
9,956
7,376
272
10,078
1,676
278
2,426
844
2,552
2,302
1995
530,887
188,645
138,215
4,404
816
2,471
1,695
22,147
41,338
1,135
12,745
5,684
1,465
9,720
3,466
21,322
9,808
72,410
10,144
30,661
3,784
5,588
1,702
657
4,206
6,733
5,967
2,024
90,811
23,611
14,107
9,113
390
11,085
1,861
242
2,832
959
2,597
2,594
1996
557,890
197,964
139,849
4,485
982
2,877
1,785
22,102
37,377
860
15,223
5,800
1,730
10,482
3,922
21,987
10,238
70,130
12,704
34,280
4,177
6,153
2,049
828
4,473
7,838
6,372
2,389
102,963
28,829
17,962
10,274
594
12,425
2,547
249
3,206
976
2,644
2,803
1997
564,069
200,143
135,513
4,205
1,036
2,614
1,698
20,666
33,171
899
14,814
5,571
2,043
10,363
3,775
24,492
10,168
69,552
15,558
34,025
4,833
5,502
2,070
895
4,596
7,308
6,713
2,108
109,278
30,810
18,378
11,475
957
13,081
2,879
273
3,282
928
2,773
2,946
1998
575,852
213,369
146,027
4,507
1,220
2,689
1,964
21,215
34,283
938
16,008
6,177
2,407
11,160
3,932
28,608
10,919
65,415
16,654
28,066
5,174
2,184
1,673
919
4,146
5,404
6,985
1,580
106,321
23,663
10,942
11,971
750
13,666
2,852
254
3,382
995
2,885
3,298
1999
601,920
225,383
147,740
4,661
1,140
2,787
2,297
21,881
30,678
1,154
17,133
6,302
2,328
11,221
3,983
30,449
11,726
74,692
18,169
32,763
5,297
2,999
1,715
1,225
4,539
7,305
7,858
1,826
103,172
19,070
6,823
11,741
506
14,401
3,108
209
3,294
1,040
3,043
3,706
Appendix table 6-10

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
643,324
246,351
136,074
4,138
1,168
2,382
2,204
18,030
26,218
1,605
15,392
6,103
2,424
10,208
3,826
31,944
10,432
80,036
25,571
37,214
5,672
3,179
2,180
1,388
4,968
8,601
9,402
1,824
118,078
22,632
8,670
13,379
583
15,181
2,986
522
3,455
932
3,196
4,090
2001
655,991
255,753
141,055
4,219
1,373
2,430
2,475
18,713
26,080
1,206
17,677
6,579
3,363
10,556
3,481
31,270
11,632
72,604
30,080
39,089
6,459
3,117
2,477
1,588
4,762
9,862
9,038
1,787
117,410
21,795
10,301
10,751
743
16,148
3,055
651
3,363
1,013
3,376
4,689
2002
684,790
254,703
162,371
4,741
1,762
2,599
2,899
22,500
29,988
1,880
20,214
8,108
4,076
12,066
3,863
33,852
13,823
70,672
34,118
41,490
6,136
4,326
2,588
1,870
4,638
11,176
8,826
1,930
121,436
27,181
13,034
13,318
830
16,615
2,942
911
3,176
1,114
3,501
4,970
2003
753,776
254,006
196,079
5,901
2,139
3,413
3,302
27,403
37,328
2,831
24,273
10,697
4,270
15,257
4,737
37,844
16,683
75,200
39,822
46,830
7,595
5,654
2,969
2,122
5,301
12,125
9,047
2,017
141,838
34,915
16,765
17,104
1,046
17,522
2,737
1,026
3,283
1,124
3,613
5,739
2004
845,412
272,320
225,225
7,010
2,325
3,758
3,694
31,901
43,586
2,762
27,886
11,863
5,471
17,730
4,990
43,313
18,936
78,003
46,831
51,826
9,481
6,474
3,265
2,421
6,292
12,267
9,390
2,235
171,209
46,388
23,460
21,651
1,277
19,804
2,961
1,217
3,611
1,349
3,868
6,797
2005
901,854
291,919
224,309
7,116
2,563
3,895
2,947
31,887
38,830
3,155
28,761
12,051
5,828
18,479
4,920
43,563
20,313
75,037
53,054
55,802
11,496
7,582
3,537
2,828
3,727
14,502
9,767
2,363
201,732
56,112
27,734
26,979
1,398
22,953
4,042
1,604
3,784
1,493
4,176
7,854
2006
944,702
296,892
228,743
7,261
2,916
3,939
2,873
32,167
41,064
2,792
28,466
11,972
5,789
19,296
5,084
44,032
21,092
69,088
60,596
62,105
13,198
10,190
3,904
3,195
4,065
15,363
9,472
2,719
227,279
64,783
33,861
29,266
1,656
25,840
4,073
2,002
3,676
1,611
4,447
10,032
2007
1,057,293
324,208
253,447
7,914
3,441
4,312
3,309
36,207
41,119
3,234
31,030
13,241
6,409
22,017
5,579
50,384
25,250
66,463
71,139
70,678
17,213
11,669
4,448
3,813
4,734
15,843
9,670
3,287
271,359
81,189
43,423
35,692
2,074
31,210
5,486
2,489
4,418
2,047
4,944
11,827
2008
1,166,626
333,261
267,430
8,549
4,232
4,399
3,585
39,835
45,630
3,357
32,148
13,441
7,990
23,920
5,867
46,349
28,128
77,003
106,028
73,524
18,728
13,291
4,963
4,228
5,241
13,372
10,180
3,522
309,380
95,554
52,160
40,887
2,506
37,251
6,940
2,909
5,240
2,278
5,738
14,145
2009
1,178,065
329,027
250,113
7,652
3,664
4,035
3,235
44,168
40,994
3,164
29,670
12,069
7,184
22,513
5,003
40,778
25,983
86,946
127,127
75,416
20,047
15,317
5,331
4,492
5,402
11,590
9,623
3,614
309,437
82,693
46,900
33,629
2,165
40,374
7,638
2,940
5,080
2,397
6,460
15,858
2010
1,289,494
331,365
248,009
7,632
3,414
4,161
3,324
43,656
40,696
2,919
28,515
11,952
7,792
20,687
5,645
41,776
25,840
95,936
160,810
92,225
25,568
21,066
6,541
5,003
5,936
13,312
10,581
4,218
361,149
95,844
54,502
38,863
2,479
45,280
8,013
3,289
5,526
2,483
7,272
18,697
Appendix table 6-10

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
10,854
1,623
4,385
334
513
206
2,687
295
169
642
3,907
330
48
2,965
563
25,151
6,644
11,975
1,079
1,946
3,508
1,820
83
1,399
251
87
1991
12,750
2,151
4,274
457
557
206
3,812
357
250
687
4,264
311
44
3,400
509
26,944
7,484
12,780
1,109
1,868
3,703
2,133
102
1,626
295
110
1992
15,108
2,559
4,416
597
616
246
5,015
452
423
784
5,384
351
31
4,511
491
26,790
7,149
12,635
1,011
2,087
3,907
2,578
108
1,992
318
160
1993
18,697
3,523
5,551
689
695
290
6,020
380
534
1,014
4,820
215
30
4,032
543
25,941
7,425
11,826
1,023
1,869
3,798
2,904
116
2,263
317
207
1994
20,926
4,163
5,753
820
992
321
6,680
482
535
1,180
4,899
285
33
4,208
374
26,547
7,677
11,659
1,184
1,928
4,100
3,226
148
2,451
373
254
1995
17,535
4,438
3,547
933
1,258
361
4,108
807
785
1,298
5,672
373
38
4,801
458
29,273
8,717
12,148
1,517
2,094
4,797
3,636
177
2,717
419
323
1996
20,930
4,755
5,659
1,074
1,535
378
4,409
922
769
1,428
5,493
163
45
4,767
518
31,598
9,952
12,941
1,696
2,205
4,803
3,688
198
2,625
493
372
1997
24,273
5,309
6,329
1,173
1,875
416
5,042
990
1,507
1,633
5,724
177
52
5,002
494
31,448
10,457
12,795
1,781
2,326
4,089
3,942
238
2,717
564
423
1998
29,184
6,149
8,704
1,282
1,998
436
5,837
938
1,947
1,893
5,348
164
59
4,639
486
30,206
9,443
12,612
1,472
2,295
4,384
4,254
243
2,913
671
428
1999
28,617
6,196
6,573
1,260
1,627
451
7,225
905
2,443
1,938
5,329
123
16
4,689
501
31,401
9,869
13,411
1,424
2,417
4,280
4,355
249
2,952
698
456
Appendix table 6-10

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
39,566
6,151
15,885
1,151
1,535
503
8,720
932
2,654
2,037
5,450
130
16
4,802
502
30,697
9,192
14,365
1,283
1,996
3,861
4,552
249
3,078
721
504
2001
38,823
5,999
13,179
1,013
1,787
521
10,230
886
2,873
2,335
5,202
218
70
4,311
604
30,431
8,410
14,570
1,259
2,210
3,982
5,012
297
3,432
735
547
2002
33,020
1,802
12,237
1,031
1,791
570
10,284
884
2,254
2,168
4,972
281
88
3,948
655
34,235
9,311
14,975
1,478
2,767
5,703
5,412
344
3,737
764
568
2003
34,566
2,293
13,556
1,324
1,690
617
10,003
937
1,987
2,159
7,032
294
113
6,073
552
41,619
11,518
17,608
1,911
3,287
7,295
6,184
372
4,307
854
650
2004
41,339
3,005
17,092
1,585
2,010
663
11,400
1,047
2,232
2,306
8,973
302
181
7,869
621
47,810
13,702
20,105
2,258
3,562
8,183
6,895
418
4,717
975
785
2005
53,033
3,845
23,492
1,844
2,477
720
13,958
1,131
2,860
2,707
10,290
369
324
8,933
664
51,504
13,960
22,735
2,558
3,856
8,395
7,841
520
5,201
1,178
941
2006
62,598
4,871
27,531
2,137
2,754
822
16,009
1,389
4,145
2,940
11,830
468
1,421
9,161
781
53,919
14,195
25,287
2,409
3,891
8,137
8,309
613
5,236
1,356
1,105
2007
76,622
5,760
34,891
2,451
3,550
958
19,056
1,822
4,902
3,232
11,773
567
912
9,374
920
61,074
17,022
28,064
2,959
4,212
8,817
9,491
775
5,796
1,638
1,281
2008
88,852
7,108
42,152
2,601
3,841
1,117
19,382
2,211
7,108
3,332
11,922
617
985
9,274
1,045
65,164
17,703
29,729
3,092
4,336
10,302
10,638
951
5,829
2,184
1,674
2009
93,365
6,956
46,630
3,085
4,224
1,174
17,209
2,275
8,360
3,452
13,030
597
1,013
10,405
1,016
67,507
23,863
26,586
2,736
3,469
10,854
12,466
1,182
7,129
2,341
1,814
2010
113,134
8,191
61,195
3,843
5,227
1,474
19,745
2,702
6,755
4,000
16,202
658
1,371
13,105
1,067
76,909
28,756
29,634
3,274
3,846
11,400
13,780
1,360
7,716
2,751
1,952
EU = European Union
Appendix table 6-11

Value added of high-technology manufacturing industries, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
554,422
178,209
158,712
3,187
322
1,939
2,126
23,495
44,142
2,042
24,745
4,847
1,292
8,455
5,008
30,516
6,596
130,332
12,407
27,488
1,879
542
2,059
743
4,345
10,277
6,553
1,090
47,274
2,234
357
1,807
69
2,477
366
198
1,702
55
47
109
1991
596,431
190,728
162,745
3,188
364
2,008
1,462
23,440
48,433
2,096
24,307
4,919
958
8,848
5,673
30,786
6,261
148,207
13,284
34,918
1,892
731
2,851
920
5,819
10,021
7,080
5,603
46,550
2,575
254
2,281
40
2,509
156
240
1,891
50
52
121
1992
607,475
186,061
164,914
3,394
403
2,318
1,588
24,924
49,832
2,277
23,901
5,170
832
8,776
5,835
29,262
6,403
147,094
14,852
46,041
1,941
881
3,745
1,073
6,857
10,856
7,846
12,842
48,513
3,106
695
2,158
253
2,269
161
264
1,534
104
56
150
1993
605,727
187,780
144,997
3,441
328
1,989
1,525
24,142
41,733
2,187
18,786
5,203
828
7,615
5,045
25,854
6,322
159,967
17,995
41,167
1,988
896
4,614
1,076
8,402
13,114
8,715
2,361
53,822
6,891
3,969
2,679
242
2,363
207
246
1,608
86
56
160
1994
643,538
195,980
152,657
3,742
371
2,495
2,165
23,908
42,326
2,813
19,088
5,229
1,118
7,146
5,822
29,744
6,690
170,510
15,121
52,771
2,507
1,338
5,779
1,213
10,036
18,178
9,564
4,157
56,499
6,622
4,474
1,826
323
2,521
239
273
1,655
106
59
188
1995
719,053
208,517
172,061
4,714
608
2,930
3,156
29,257
45,828
4,520
18,725
5,973
1,550
7,857
7,389
31,739
7,814
193,326
18,378
65,240
2,779
1,683
7,146
1,673
12,566
24,967
11,864
2,562
61,531
6,681
4,296
2,094
290
4,251
286
280
3,306
117
64
197
1996
734,641
224,921
176,049
4,723
879
2,934
3,368
28,503
45,589
4,553
21,083
5,589
1,714
8,627
8,434
32,332
7,720
175,638
21,010
72,376
2,888
2,452
8,880
2,832
13,894
23,749
13,976
3,707
64,647
6,935
4,631
1,971
333
4,905
373
265
3,860
124
74
208
1997
742,973
241,384
176,139
4,397
869
3,013
3,894
29,093
42,636
4,966
20,051
5,114
1,775
7,493
8,362
37,126
7,350
160,749
24,382
71,698
3,112
3,639
8,809
3,099
13,729
20,761
15,391
3,159
68,621
7,349
5,069
1,851
428
5,649
448
301
4,471
113
80
237
1998
720,300
247,542
182,454
4,073
897
3,172
5,224
29,271
42,923
5,626
20,569
5,183
1,941
7,404
9,396
39,057
7,717
141,761
23,493
58,389
3,362
968
6,732
3,350
8,673
18,038
15,602
1,665
66,661
5,399
2,771
2,258
370
6,126
547
249
4,866
129
76
260
1999
774,821
250,568
190,881
4,766
971
3,530
6,199
29,199
44,786
8,596
20,658
5,528
2,194
7,349
9,706
40,037
7,360
165,218
26,967
72,895
3,841
1,586
8,478
4,018
9,610
24,606
19,096
1,660
68,293
4,510
1,731
2,457
321
6,726
609
272
5,370
127
82
267
Appendix table 6-11

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
845,961
275,320
184,411
4,663
990
3,358
6,601
28,833
43,836
8,331
19,065
5,803
1,966
6,727
8,016
38,801
7,421
185,141
34,995
90,600
3,285
2,447
8,964
4,366
13,140
31,863
24,564
1,972
75,494
4,499
1,442
2,735
322
8,926
605
346
7,438
170
89
278
2001
737,849
245,412
176,327
4,629
999
3,622
5,767
28,333
40,931
7,696
20,019
4,867
2,137
6,929
6,206
36,559
7,634
135,917
38,912
71,575
3,601
1,600
7,487
3,206
9,630
25,259
18,980
1,814
69,705
4,759
1,958
2,382
419
7,384
717
386
5,713
167
91
310
2002
761,659
250,955
184,213
4,943
1,158
3,449
6,973
29,016
43,919
8,890
21,141
4,338
2,061
6,733
7,623
35,577
8,392
123,520
46,424
85,700
4,095
2,480
7,735
3,478
11,273
29,300
24,039
3,299
70,847
8,956
5,849
2,638
470
7,013
928
596
4,878
192
95
323
2003
853,336
258,862
216,744
5,960
1,526
4,482
8,268
33,879
56,262
9,092
24,058
5,246
2,201
8,352
9,669
37,167
10,582
146,050
63,062
97,087
4,640
3,043
8,902
2,449
11,745
33,125
29,346
3,836
71,531
6,671
3,466
2,608
597
7,288
779
651
5,144
232
107
376
2004
975,392
283,336
242,927
6,566
1,694
4,783
8,592
34,447
66,120
9,544
27,202
5,720
2,414
8,950
13,167
41,469
12,258
164,009
82,255
117,884
5,340
3,043
9,945
2,820
15,829
43,029
33,588
4,291
84,981
12,298
8,338
3,254
705
7,880
905
800
5,387
241
117
431
2005
1,051,407
310,634
257,905
6,926
2,019
5,440
8,835
36,475
70,868
10,567
26,818
6,411
3,069
9,474
13,624
43,658
13,720
158,661
101,794
127,165
6,517
2,972
8,039
2,963
17,377
47,868
36,706
4,724
95,248
13,801
9,787
3,110
903
8,540
1,107
784
5,634
375
136
504
2006
1,154,416
342,495
275,951
7,256
2,348
5,521
9,694
38,543
74,914
11,302
28,901
6,331
3,431
10,443
14,457
48,202
14,608
152,943
128,593
144,875
6,929
3,540
8,801
3,523
20,154
53,913
43,161
4,854
109,559
16,975
12,211
3,623
1,142
9,483
1,242
925
6,167
330
278
541
2007
1,244,297
352,802
312,220
8,302
2,807
5,954
12,248
40,537
90,942
13,250
32,272
6,806
3,926
11,971
14,862
53,007
15,337
150,235
155,624
151,576
8,557
5,192
8,715
4,138
18,332
57,482
43,436
5,725
121,840
16,422
10,679
4,150
1,594
11,400
1,507
1,119
7,329
464
306
676
2008
1,304,945
355,227
317,606
8,330
3,390
7,181
11,222
42,247
91,506
12,996
33,184
7,263
5,446
13,850
14,956
48,098
17,939
153,742
194,519
144,443
9,427
6,203
8,183
4,487
16,912
49,965
43,532
5,734
139,408
18,437
11,606
4,631
2,200
15,231
1,930
1,422
10,181
525
331
843
2009
1,231,142
367,624
265,536
7,230
3,023
6,949
5,836
37,033
72,356
12,580
28,859
6,095
4,155
12,240
12,536
41,652
14,992
138,689
212,053
130,928
9,087
5,870
5,919
3,661
15,313
48,446
37,728
4,904
116,312
11,854
7,271
3,489
1,093
13,712
2,057
1,219
8,911
463
328
733
2010
1,397,037
385,941
272,892
7,326
3,217
7,210
5,564
37,625
76,446
12,545
29,013
6,113
5,061
11,806
13,776
41,992
15,197
177,935
263,015
163,603
11,600
7,557
7,325
4,111
21,611
53,908
51,700
5,791
133,653
14,894
9,325
3,896
1,674
14,627
2,118
1,374
9,532
443
340
818
Appendix table 6-11

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
19,458
1,418
12,943
155
359
42
3,737
241
355
209
1,455
32
254
1,124
45
21,207
2,638
9,849
178
866
7,675
443
135
283
3
22
1991
18,190
1,796
10,647
189
387
44
4,236
260
402
229
1,786
32
423
1,287
44
21,014
2,763
9,486
179
793
7,793
476
119
324
5
27
1992
19,780
2,039
10,859
282
507
56
5,062
298
435
242
1,807
32
333
1,405
37
21,028
2,891
9,438
170
899
7,631
522
124
352
5
41
1993
22,208
1,865
12,625
295
487
79
5,918
235
416
287
876
19
23
811
23
20,836
2,835
9,167
190
863
7,782
647
152
425
10
60
1994
22,795
1,319
13,055
287
647
87
6,359
237
359
445
893
27
24
815
28
22,966
3,278
9,190
237
935
9,325
702
176
438
14
74
1995
22,470
1,103
13,635
351
835
78
5,517
245
408
299
1,560
34
596
899
31
25,776
3,496
10,243
262
1,178
10,598
793
212
467
23
91
1996
23,871
1,116
13,597
332
867
64
7,003
220
343
329
1,601
33
689
857
22
26,341
3,949
10,539
288
1,393
10,173
993
236
612
22
123
1997
27,021
1,417
13,791
282
967
65
9,660
246
322
271
1,710
38
757
893
22
25,995
3,752
11,572
268
1,218
9,186
897
180
550
37
130
1998
27,365
1,240
12,505
328
900
62
11,474
227
420
209
1,719
39
772
888
20
25,085
3,183
10,855
206
1,117
9,724
968
226
545
45
152
1999
26,753
1,119
10,411
269
737
59
13,332
197
399
230
1,056
50
197
790
18
28,220
3,393
13,737
209
1,375
9,505
1,027
195
531
91
210
Appendix table 6-11

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
31,492
1,052
12,830
300
676
63
15,570
187
495
318
1,012
43
135
820
15
28,578
2,918
15,476
197
1,248
8,739
987
210
482
50
244
2001
30,179
931
11,564
253
719
71
15,756
173
498
213
926
45
151
717
12
25,538
2,557
12,248
208
1,201
9,324
919
205
442
35
236
2002
26,328
326
9,447
221
705
73
14,806
199
341
211
992
49
164
766
13
26,478
2,974
11,651
235
1,410
10,208
1,078
235
516
38
288
2003
23,573
459
8,568
223
641
76
12,900
202
315
190
1,390
60
183
1,130
17
31,284
3,709
13,671
303
1,607
11,994
1,324
267
663
40
354
2004
26,308
570
11,311
298
828
84
12,421
172
421
202
1,731
70
226
1,414
20
35,134
4,312
14,986
364
1,811
13,661
1,630
289
827
48
466
2005
30,415
679
13,931
344
871
88
13,534
203
513
252
1,946
77
262
1,586
21
38,671
5,036
16,508
402
2,061
14,664
1,875
304
975
58
537
2006
35,732
748
17,477
363
989
99
14,917
270
612
256
2,093
81
281
1,711
21
43,489
5,373
18,859
364
2,499
16,395
1,787
325
757
85
618
2007
40,244
875
20,427
397
1,246
113
15,839
327
737
283
2,349
74
321
1,929
24
49,394
6,387
20,674
441
2,843
19,049
2,031
372
839
93
727
2008
45,231
1,005
25,301
390
1,384
124
15,237
392
1,034
363
2,355
81
400
1,848
26
55,761
7,059
22,372
423
3,031
22,876
2,393
460
870
113
950
2009
39,354
901
22,582
360
1,199
114
12,596
365
905
333
2,337
76
297
1,939
25
46,619
6,342
17,438
371
2,872
19,596
2,436
515
792
108
1,021
2010
46,557
1,037
28,162
432
1,400
134
14,011
370
632
380
2,867
79
373
2,387
27
52,012
7,669
18,776
423
3,350
21,793
2,696
577
851
125
1,143
EU = European Union
NOTES: Value added is amount contributed by country, firm, or other entity to value of good or service and excludes purchases of domestic and imported materials and inputs. High-technology manufacturing industries classified by
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and include aerospace, communications and semiconductors, computers and office machinery, pharmaceuticals, and scientific instruments and measuring equipment. Data are
not available for EU members Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, and Slovenia. China includes Hong Kong. Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies. See appendix table 6-23 for full list
of countries in each region.
Appendix table 6-12

Value added of all manufacturing industries, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
4,346,915
1,017,643
1,508,530
41,248
6,621
20,364
27,352
203,719
450,470
11,429
240,479
50,337
17,862
104,228
43,229
205,306
85,883
810,654
139,819
246,386
51,488
28,949
10,484
11,003
9,523
65,639
50,931
18,370
623,883
62,599
6,095
54,850
1,654
52,757
13,097
5,440
10,182
4,958
10,036
9,044
1991
4,470,981
1,027,468
1,483,898
39,177
6,327
20,181
21,576
200,733
451,910
11,572
241,309
49,682
14,892
107,584
40,942
198,659
79,355
922,707
145,059
267,981
42,803
33,512
12,340
11,498
11,495
77,472
56,562
22,299
623,867
60,679
4,034
55,519
1,126
49,199
7,952
6,488
10,884
5,000
11,236
7,640
1992
4,729,026
1,071,136
1,559,118
42,308
7,449
22,419
19,935
214,980
484,734
13,395
248,441
53,697
14,423
111,979
40,581
201,646
83,131
971,257
172,282
292,002
43,306
37,408
15,015
12,811
12,628
80,351
62,774
27,710
663,231
81,735
15,371
57,069
9,294
53,587
7,591
6,837
12,241
5,381
12,284
9,253
1993
4,763,844
1,116,092
1,363,287
39,061
7,721
20,433
17,236
195,228
427,762
12,341
198,722
51,642
13,596
89,878
32,311
179,083
78,272
1,052,193
219,863
314,351
42,312
43,153
17,048
12,891
14,688
89,226
63,474
31,559
698,059
101,328
30,626
62,242
8,460
54,100
8,518
6,296
12,358
5,030
12,020
9,878
1994
5,063,576
1,190,310
1,448,750
42,715
9,408
22,434
21,951
200,922
447,054
13,963
207,462
54,911
18,999
89,589
37,912
197,714
83,716
1,103,579
198,962
360,398
50,934
50,570
19,505
14,907
17,124
105,523
65,817
36,016
761,577
106,638
47,905
47,788
10,944
61,022
10,031
7,535
13,402
5,393
12,625
12,037
1995
5,614,296
1,244,632
1,678,998
51,914
12,124
26,925
28,964
234,727
516,507
18,075
225,477
66,000
25,885
105,614
49,408
218,294
99,085
1,218,059
255,506
423,916
61,446
59,729
23,034
17,043
20,736
130,676
68,909
42,344
793,185
123,319
50,191
63,344
9,784
67,024
11,393
7,450
14,596
6,315
13,696
13,574
1996
5,638,175
1,282,413
1,679,134
49,529
14,697
26,142
27,251
227,839
489,447
19,395
247,570
63,052
27,406
109,390
51,954
224,933
100,529
1,077,349
297,178
464,843
64,031
71,317
27,602
18,896
21,789
135,429
71,702
54,076
837,259
139,468
65,517
63,602
10,349
76,015
14,909
8,594
15,824
6,521
15,457
14,709
1997
5,582,548
1,359,401
1,585,301
45,259
14,137
24,787
26,302
209,014
438,818
22,241
232,347
56,188
27,491
101,797
47,944
246,307
92,670
983,285
326,155
447,071
65,680
70,779
27,945
18,334
21,573
123,103
74,138
45,519
881,335
145,936
67,469
67,886
10,581
81,665
16,992
8,631
16,799
6,154
16,627
16,462
1998
5,417,668
1,422,155
1,630,286
45,587
14,416
24,894
29,148
215,117
449,215
26,226
236,214
58,312
29,673
105,285
48,915
251,656
95,630
868,623
333,477
334,441
62,854
29,212
20,421
14,254
18,839
86,751
67,576
34,534
828,687
118,738
45,276
64,402
9,060
78,281
16,059
7,518
17,028
6,342
15,492
15,842
1999
5,577,460
1,496,076
1,585,827
43,541
14,420
24,437
28,842
209,252
431,634
29,588
226,208
57,409
28,097
105,064
49,301
244,632
93,403
966,906
350,400
393,405
63,686
44,561
24,069
16,475
18,797
113,886
71,890
40,039
784,846
94,923
33,410
54,280
7,233
80,701
16,183
7,104
17,219
6,469
16,747
16,979
Appendix table 6-12

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
5,685,998
1,515,885
1,462,754
39,876
13,773
22,226
28,050
190,290
392,241
28,211
205,390
53,469
28,225
97,724
47,758
227,121
88,400
1,034,066
393,619
442,250
68,628
45,786
28,947
16,878
23,867
136,209
80,710
41,226
837,425
104,148
44,928
53,545
5,675
87,661
15,904
9,534
19,361
6,029
18,211
18,623
2001
5,370,104
1,444,003
1,441,875
38,585
14,802
21,895
28,445
185,639
389,589
29,722
205,002
52,630
28,478
100,262
41,254
215,063
90,508
856,453
426,768
406,948
69,336
46,615
27,219
16,308
19,604
120,693
68,554
38,619
794,057
90,795
46,966
37,206
6,623
85,791
14,684
11,413
16,940
5,606
18,455
18,693
2002
5,511,154
1,477,307
1,523,165
41,166
17,346
23,552
29,760
192,620
408,465
35,587
218,370
55,821
28,850
108,057
45,035
219,992
98,543
808,166
463,317
450,369
72,158
56,190
29,494
17,735
21,311
135,365
75,376
42,739
788,830
102,696
53,938
41,200
7,559
90,224
13,641
15,215
14,941
6,014
19,460
20,954
2003
6,127,550
1,501,991
1,800,490
48,641
20,466
27,476
34,825
228,195
493,136
39,912
259,244
68,033
33,789
133,935
55,283
237,129
120,426
886,321
544,730
505,587
84,731
66,330
32,982
18,523
22,162
149,356
81,808
49,695
888,431
127,391
64,392
53,727
9,272
97,928
11,543
15,638
15,845
7,732
23,005
24,166
2004
6,919,982
1,623,521
2,046,159
56,294
26,376
30,257
39,077
251,756
561,932
42,178
292,700
77,783
42,911
152,868
63,372
266,963
141,691
974,305
630,930
589,190
102,178
72,083
37,897
20,037
28,392
181,379
91,644
55,580
1,055,876
173,366
93,274
68,059
12,033
114,692
13,671
19,263
16,890
8,974
25,554
30,341
2005
7,415,703
1,719,239
2,097,133
57,498
29,421
30,934
39,737
254,917
569,902
41,330
294,894
80,951
49,565
159,970
64,618
269,201
154,195
979,298
739,511
664,208
121,950
78,349
40,838
22,958
30,753
210,758
97,406
61,196
1,216,314
224,782
124,486
83,279
17,017
130,476
15,597
23,513
18,118
8,872
29,522
34,855
2006
7,980,178
1,785,381
2,222,224
59,256
33,869
32,885
43,455
255,539
614,733
42,871
310,098
83,711
56,370
170,481
69,090
280,132
169,734
926,258
899,016
759,094
143,757
100,394
46,000
26,845
35,587
234,105
99,859
72,547
1,388,206
269,771
157,140
90,911
21,721
152,621
17,284
28,146
20,028
9,379
33,043
44,739
2007
8,978,407
1,850,143
2,559,706
66,646
41,562
37,176
52,047
286,356
709,530
49,692
359,583
97,952
70,396
193,378
79,545
309,910
205,932
926,295
1,154,735
872,040
181,305
116,908
51,986
31,618
38,766
259,802
103,756
87,899
1,615,489
333,771
196,540
108,735
28,496
176,248
20,276
34,814
23,301
10,121
36,402
51,334
2008
9,685,086
1,803,033
2,683,758
69,293
47,971
41,363
52,820
305,201
737,182
50,986
373,548
106,136
86,523
210,881
75,384
293,452
233,019
996,154
1,492,606
896,355
191,817
142,357
58,187
37,374
35,935
235,935
99,604
95,146
1,813,180
397,326
248,355
117,533
31,438
214,756
25,536
41,782
32,177
11,349
39,433
64,479
2009
8,853,799
1,732,562
2,138,561
59,088
40,251
34,728
37,591
241,682
568,414
48,754
306,741
89,099
66,348
172,592
54,583
221,429
197,261
905,376
1,696,422
841,868
192,355
142,533
48,999
34,400
32,544
211,264
89,848
89,926
1,539,010
272,666
161,960
92,401
18,304
208,952
29,614
40,951
28,202
12,243
39,113
58,830
2010
10,288,724
1,874,092
2,283,267
66,402
43,572
35,304
39,642
246,398
627,086
48,575
324,277
94,391
78,454
173,019
64,706
236,523
204,919
1,125,964
2,002,413
1,111,544
261,856
186,408
64,904
44,928
44,070
273,128
121,668
114,582
1,891,444
358,353
218,210
115,622
24,522
245,100
32,580
48,319
31,935
12,244
48,329
71,692
Appendix table 6-12

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
261,360
37,787
120,860
5,694
9,187
1,489
61,852
4,857
12,798
6,835
32,233
1,442
1,829
24,040
4,922
202,191
42,498
91,733
7,622
12,802
47,536
12,743
3,630
7,123
1,196
793
1991
267,854
46,199
103,860
6,705
9,632
1,507
73,259
5,564
13,443
7,684
33,496
1,420
1,953
25,136
4,987
198,821
43,174
87,647
7,409
12,633
47,958
13,818
3,870
7,608
1,338
1,001
1992
281,865
49,976
99,146
8,067
9,781
1,832
83,297
6,528
14,504
8,735
34,135
1,279
1,561
26,337
4,958
196,392
43,625
82,725
7,075
13,583
49,383
15,518
4,124
8,416
1,459
1,519
1993
299,401
38,948
124,672
8,694
10,642
1,979
87,337
5,637
13,571
7,921
32,418
820
1,767
25,298
4,533
194,434
43,400
83,097
7,665
12,792
47,479
16,377
4,548
8,252
1,578
1,999
1994
326,970
41,637
141,491
9,937
13,304
2,125
89,815
7,158
12,828
8,675
33,211
1,080
2,859
25,937
3,335
215,547
49,277
89,707
9,265
13,685
53,613
18,189
4,969
8,987
1,805
2,428
1995
302,381
44,513
124,975
12,801
15,154
2,355
67,486
8,116
16,961
10,019
39,123
1,267
4,809
29,275
3,773
240,505
51,313
100,480
10,532
17,018
61,162
20,833
5,575
10,073
2,076
3,109
1996
317,774
47,740
124,136
13,264
15,535
2,395
80,511
8,346
16,069
9,779
37,993
1,400
6,073
26,563
3,958
244,038
55,486
102,238
11,118
17,053
58,143
21,970
5,894
10,031
2,302
3,743
1997
348,606
53,409
128,442
14,427
16,324
2,638
96,166
8,788
18,136
10,277
38,785
1,487
6,584
27,045
3,670
243,062
56,357
108,463
10,881
16,800
50,562
23,281
6,165
10,050
2,641
4,425
1998
340,270
53,353
117,275
13,540
15,362
2,997
101,471
8,093
17,380
10,798
35,118
1,515
6,465
23,663
3,475
231,974
48,389
107,027
8,649
16,863
51,047
24,306
6,666
10,199
2,775
4,666
1999
309,038
48,114
82,411
12,674
13,268
4,228
114,476
7,204
17,329
9,334
28,799
1,284
1,635
22,417
3,465
246,902
50,415
121,073
8,928
16,977
49,509
24,483
6,679
9,998
2,731
5,075
Appendix table 6-12

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
343,988
46,901
96,131
13,250
13,621
3,705
132,610
7,701
21,711
8,358
28,918
1,292
1,652
22,942
3,032
247,586
46,089
132,945
8,258
15,707
44,588
25,122
6,681
9,745
2,910
5,786
2001
328,942
43,264
81,290
12,641
13,929
3,269
136,615
7,910
20,879
9,145
26,754
1,270
1,790
20,563
3,131
235,808
41,963
123,142
7,962
16,069
46,672
25,968
6,851
9,820
2,831
6,466
2002
291,971
20,865
73,417
12,348
13,696
3,305
136,783
8,233
15,228
8,096
26,013
1,292
1,964
19,419
3,338
249,688
48,223
123,591
9,269
18,045
50,560
28,237
7,222
10,764
3,033
7,218
2003
304,294
28,796
86,110
12,148
13,872
3,384
128,729
8,726
14,314
8,215
36,690
1,447
2,227
29,600
3,415
290,217
61,890
137,438
11,826
21,042
58,020
31,911
7,878
12,561
3,381
8,090
2004
356,801
34,026
109,435
15,197
17,726
3,692
139,619
10,365
18,507
8,233
46,648
1,610
2,629
37,825
4,585
327,325
71,023
153,574
14,445
23,575
64,708
37,045
8,658
15,491
3,657
9,239
2005
416,758
39,187
136,864
17,598
22,617
3,954
154,015
11,856
21,941
8,727
50,444
1,974
3,144
40,727
4,599
350,225
75,572
164,588
16,168
26,319
67,577
43,628
9,140
19,098
4,473
10,916
2006
480,774
43,810
162,786
19,823
25,814
4,454
175,756
13,514
25,517
9,300
51,265
2,313
3,720
40,564
4,669
382,955
80,961
183,909
15,212
29,908
72,966
50,819
9,998
22,744
5,133
12,944
2007
559,524
50,972
199,967
21,542
33,573
5,114
188,635
15,608
33,860
10,250
54,820
2,829
4,140
43,064
4,787
432,749
96,718
200,590
18,475
34,974
81,992
58,378
11,786
25,804
5,690
15,097
2008
616,150
63,607
217,691
21,460
36,455
5,611
194,672
18,691
45,765
12,199
54,540
2,940
4,940
41,058
5,602
462,991
107,034
205,985
17,869
36,615
95,488
67,417
13,688
27,694
6,905
19,129
2009
556,002
60,109
209,163
19,664
32,655
5,115
151,397
18,643
46,924
12,332
51,175
2,792
4,114
39,014
5,255
380,228
91,700
151,631
16,076
32,583
88,238
69,987
15,338
26,989
7,509
20,151
2010
686,061
74,865
282,538
23,228
40,870
6,377
184,055
23,523
35,990
14,615
65,353
3,074
5,199
51,392
5,688
459,495
119,314
186,048
18,263
36,988
98,881
77,082
16,973
28,837
8,598
22,674
EU = European Union
Appendix table 6-13

Value added of ICT industries, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
800,349
257,503
234,548
5,374
674
3,884
4,163
42,848
61,300
2,182
32,003
8,550
1,502
13,707
6,956
40,125
11,281
152,446
13,172
40,732
4,729
3,541
2,794
979
5,835
12,118
8,911
1,826
101,948
10,370
1,308
8,976
86
13,009
2,699
704
3,942
835
2,773
2,056
1991
864,084
269,496
245,094
5,478
575
3,789
3,394
43,419
65,638
2,157
33,939
8,638
1,601
15,114
7,559
42,551
11,244
179,675
14,488
49,332
4,443
4,235
3,667
1,213
7,428
12,052
9,882
6,411
105,999
9,971
731
9,195
45
12,732
1,735
841
4,304
830
2,985
2,038
1992
934,386
289,990
261,723
5,916
586
4,233
3,361
47,791
70,431
2,147
37,036
9,479
1,728
15,825
8,120
42,759
12,312
186,845
16,441
62,643
4,742
4,956
4,738
1,276
8,502
13,066
11,475
13,887
116,744
12,878
2,738
9,867
273
13,241
1,377
970
4,322
930
3,126
2,515
1993
961,442
305,880
242,107
5,903
889
3,882
2,837
45,383
66,855
1,970
31,309
9,260
1,707
14,417
6,425
38,789
12,481
206,686
20,281
59,856
4,926
5,506
5,815
1,328
10,297
15,207
12,953
3,825
126,632
19,000
7,606
11,070
324
13,648
1,546
956
4,238
912
3,266
2,730
1994
1,053,095
337,422
256,877
6,450
1,023
4,369
3,595
47,849
69,751
2,384
29,430
10,075
2,153
14,869
7,230
44,167
13,533
225,213
19,565
74,446
6,010
6,469
7,156
1,590
12,554
20,506
14,392
5,769
139,572
22,111
12,965
8,635
511
14,698
1,862
888
4,589
939
3,387
3,032
1995
1,190,976
364,784
295,742
7,801
1,279
4,720
4,890
56,299
79,836
3,882
30,826
11,829
2,654
16,819
9,174
49,592
16,141
261,892
25,505
91,157
6,726
7,397
8,803
2,086
15,676
28,407
17,464
4,596
151,896
29,133
17,929
10,581
622
16,480
2,106
830
5,599
1,081
3,443
3,421
1996
1,249,820
391,029
306,722
7,877
1,816
5,073
5,227
56,752
75,044
3,777
36,417
12,391
3,066
18,488
11,328
52,581
16,885
248,712
30,005
102,058
7,016
8,671
11,016
3,245
17,006
29,275
19,952
5,877
171,294
34,479
21,890
11,760
830
18,504
2,830
921
6,464
1,086
3,564
3,640
1997
1,290,286
423,852
307,901
7,707
1,954
5,178
5,747
53,717
69,895
4,484
35,425
12,520
3,478
17,602
11,564
61,942
16,688
238,860
36,253
102,319
7,955
9,218
10,925
3,595
16,830
26,766
21,936
5,093
181,101
36,942
22,969
12,733
1,240
19,534
3,173
1,041
6,730
1,035
3,716
3,839
1998
1,318,114
452,684
341,409
8,266
2,216
5,290
7,692
58,879
74,530
4,980
37,489
14,322
4,153
19,034
12,608
73,569
18,383
225,866
36,047
84,074
8,425
3,149
8,390
3,927
11,183
22,866
22,742
3,392
178,035
29,015
13,699
14,330
986
20,714
3,187
1,003
7,222
1,292
3,791
4,220
1999
1,414,784
470,357
358,365
8,892
2,166
5,690
9,125
62,332
71,299
7,261
39,508
15,546
4,146
19,857
13,460
79,503
19,579
266,211
40,238
104,133
8,666
4,366
10,244
4,714
12,570
32,426
27,500
3,647
175,480
24,091
8,767
14,627
698
21,740
3,465
892
7,377
1,360
3,983
4,663
Appendix table 6-13

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
1,547,561
517,907
343,945
8,284
2,269
5,026
9,460
56,693
66,548
8,822
36,788
15,657
4,133
18,401
12,358
81,250
18,255
306,438
54,129
127,063
9,385
5,428
11,022
5,127
15,771
41,408
34,986
3,937
198,079
28,855
11,388
16,690
778
24,577
3,327
1,361
9,324
1,275
4,157
5,133
2001
1,463,267
501,471
348,897
8,738
2,562
5,363
9,236
57,193
65,541
7,638
40,907
15,639
5,598
19,915
11,090
79,313
20,164
250,589
61,398
110,369
10,371
4,460
9,829
4,617
12,011
36,116
29,206
3,759
190,543
28,360
13,644
13,635
1,081
24,148
3,380
1,693
7,612
1,331
4,358
5,774
2002
1,532,098
516,848
385,391
9,407
3,382
5,943
10,951
63,629
71,598
8,193
46,625
16,582
6,459
22,525
11,948
84,340
23,809
238,403
71,269
125,783
10,513
6,478
10,211
5,161
12,228
41,964
33,919
5,311
194,404
38,394
20,570
16,625
1,200
24,700
3,280
2,424
6,817
1,471
4,508
6,200
2003
1,694,206
521,639
458,551
11,460
3,999
7,330
12,886
75,467
86,621
9,037
56,690
20,782
6,958
28,282
13,863
96,460
28,717
265,654
88,905
142,156
12,646
8,277
11,765
4,550
12,803
46,934
39,261
5,919
217,301
43,983
21,491
21,016
1,476
25,927
3,015
2,591
6,983
1,575
4,646
7,116
2004
1,931,555
575,392
531,261
13,098
4,291
8,093
14,267
86,508
101,676
10,142
63,044
23,354
8,663
32,332
19,222
113,168
33,406
284,777
111,880
165,822
15,076
9,350
13,052
5,167
15,735
56,818
44,034
6,591
262,422
61,320
32,735
26,729
1,855
29,204
3,243
3,132
7,622
1,881
4,948
8,378
2005
2,054,536
616,673
542,043
13,440
5,163
8,051
13,792
86,294
97,064
14,331
64,346
24,565
9,334
33,852
19,388
116,031
36,394
277,542
131,896
179,204
18,236
10,234
11,461
5,654
14,625
64,217
47,637
7,141
307,178
74,315
39,157
33,034
2,124
33,660
4,418
3,762
8,352
2,088
5,309
9,730
2006
2,197,051
654,997
567,931
14,080
6,158
8,754
14,721
91,055
101,842
16,060
64,636
25,584
9,687
35,805
20,148
120,746
38,654
264,664
159,474
202,062
20,618
13,550
12,380
6,486
15,927
71,733
53,836
7,530
347,923
87,651
48,467
36,608
2,577
38,346
4,524
4,728
8,710
2,266
5,622
12,495
2007
2,412,509
680,410
649,847
16,065
7,446
10,175
18,294
103,882
116,927
16,838
72,919
29,913
11,074
41,592
22,468
138,231
44,023
267,444
186,737
219,621
26,359
16,208
12,855
7,715
17,090
75,673
54,815
8,905
408,450
106,039
57,847
44,710
3,481
46,254
5,987
6,088
10,451
2,849
6,180
14,700
2008
2,615,866
708,939
689,126
17,760
9,619
11,757
18,068
116,337
125,675
17,935
77,069
32,088
13,933
46,360
24,446
127,963
50,116
290,467
245,867
217,816
31,523
18,666
12,768
8,328
16,551
64,908
55,921
9,150
463,652
125,909
70,476
51,107
4,327
55,943
7,575
7,491
12,999
3,169
7,121
17,588
2009
2,541,602
693,230
623,581
16,242
8,572
11,444
12,262
117,009
110,970
15,312
70,128
29,131
12,115
43,212
20,151
111,220
45,813
291,097
272,828
207,782
33,812
20,747
10,753
7,977
15,822
60,419
49,760
8,490
453,085
108,406
61,665
43,239
3,502
58,494
8,369
6,903
12,363
3,356
8,006
19,498
2010
2,815,964
729,169
624,549
16,255
8,521
11,759
12,268
114,892
111,193
14,462
69,009
28,962
13,500
39,666
22,730
115,595
45,736
336,409
340,203
256,471
43,354
28,190
13,478
8,983
20,085
67,549
64,902
9,932
529,163
127,504
73,141
50,338
4,024
65,118
8,775
7,764
13,101
3,478
9,008
22,992
Appendix table 6-13

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
24,695
3,208
12,669
643
859
264
5,033
619
466
934
5,080
409
96
3,909
666
46,500
11,513
20,363
1,511
2,949
10,164
2,294
296
1,619
272
107
1991
26,740
4,335
11,449
776
912
269
6,644
738
613
1,004
5,944
391
341
4,607
605
47,980
12,296
21,239
1,546
2,831
10,069
2,632
305
1,872
322
134
1992
32,567
5,382
13,384
992
1,175
320
8,490
808
868
1,147
7,083
410
216
5,872
584
47,880
12,108
20,828
1,441
3,096
10,407
3,096
319
2,236
349
192
1993
37,736
6,758
14,708
1,129
1,354
366
10,304
653
972
1,492
6,140
253
83
5,177
627
46,611
12,150
19,922
1,523
2,805
10,212
3,497
344
2,540
355
257
1994
43,064
7,996
15,873
1,336
1,886
405
12,071
853
912
1,732
6,314
337
157
5,393
426
49,481
13,439
19,870
1,801
2,964
11,406
3,904
396
2,767
422
319
1995
39,687
8,178
14,005
1,570
2,286
448
8,747
1,234
1,290
1,928
7,330
425
239
6,145
522
54,788
15,065
21,057
2,268
3,411
12,986
4,478
448
3,081
482
468
1996
47,839
8,594
19,097
1,900
2,638
467
10,405
1,391
1,225
2,122
7,132
220
291
6,000
621
58,601
17,221
22,195
2,604
3,745
12,837
4,738
498
3,133
556
552
1997
55,128
9,317
20,503
2,091
3,101
515
13,600
1,488
2,050
2,465
7,463
237
297
6,333
595
57,006
17,787
23,146
2,708
4,003
9,361
5,028
558
3,206
649
616
1998
59,834
10,105
21,391
2,180
3,119
531
15,666
1,429
2,652
2,761
7,154
226
438
5,902
589
55,906
16,177
23,166
2,241
4,409
9,913
5,413
585
3,392
795
641
1999
56,515
10,057
15,649
2,064
2,488
546
18,423
1,359
3,192
2,736
6,878
189
136
5,948
604
60,645
17,358
26,359
2,246
5,026
9,656
5,611
597
3,431
870
714
Appendix table 6-13

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
71,436
10,033
27,011
1,954
2,382
605
21,776
1,407
3,464
2,802
6,995
208
152
6,038
597
60,505
16,539
28,601
1,991
4,628
8,745
5,711
605
3,488
857
760
2001
68,861
9,594
22,816
1,748
2,590
638
23,187
1,394
3,756
3,137
6,625
300
210
5,413
702
56,451
15,125
25,314
1,998
4,796
9,219
6,097
648
3,794
855
800
2002
56,521
2,906
19,660
1,746
2,752
691
21,566
1,411
2,882
2,907
6,442
369
240
5,065
769
61,710
17,122
25,534
2,345
5,670
11,039
6,637
705
4,157
906
869
2003
55,919
3,528
20,230
2,172
2,594
740
19,753
1,489
2,491
2,922
9,309
395
301
7,857
757
74,588
21,392
30,403
3,081
6,547
13,165
7,575
757
4,793
1,011
1,015
2004
64,691
4,388
25,604
2,616
3,091
795
20,598
1,643
2,802
3,154
11,871
412
464
10,214
781
86,866
25,669
34,827
3,698
7,651
15,021
8,470
823
5,282
1,146
1,219
2005
80,391
5,479
33,991
3,093
3,786
859
24,227
1,786
3,495
3,673
13,755
496
762
11,666
830
95,408
27,357
39,504
4,214
8,772
15,562
9,648
929
5,894
1,378
1,447
2006
94,321
6,784
40,472
3,552
4,217
985
27,293
2,109
4,898
4,013
15,614
608
1,928
12,113
965
101,899
29,050
44,244
4,004
8,869
15,732
10,091
1,029
5,825
1,562
1,675
2007
112,818
8,103
50,018
4,062
5,422
1,153
31,152
2,644
5,823
4,442
16,099
714
1,507
12,751
1,127
115,697
34,583
48,233
4,874
10,750
17,257
11,542
1,228
6,487
1,874
1,953
2008
127,848
10,043
59,255
4,451
5,999
1,344
30,689
3,178
8,464
4,423
16,318
780
1,717
12,542
1,279
124,607
37,348
50,151
5,033
11,538
20,536
13,027
1,456
6,583
2,483
2,505
2009
128,954
9,982
62,033
4,952
6,359
1,400
26,482
3,299
9,808
4,638
17,541
758
1,686
13,856
1,241
124,600
41,782
47,560
4,502
10,083
20,674
15,090
1,767
7,924
2,681
2,719
2010
156,015
11,787
81,099
6,167
7,875
1,752
30,171
3,935
7,842
5,387
21,759
832
2,258
17,366
1,302
142,061
50,567
53,248
5,425
11,120
21,700
16,706
2,016
8,584
3,155
2,951
EU = European Union; ICT = information and communications technology

NOTES: ICT industries classified by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and include communications services, computer and related services, communications goods and semiconductors, and computers and
office machinery. Data are not available for EU members Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, and Slovenia. China includes Hong Kong. Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies.
See appendix table 6-23 for full list of countries in each region.
Appendix table 6-14

Real GDP per employed person, by region/country/economy: 19902009
(2009 U.S. PPP dollars)
United States
EU
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Central Europe/Asia
Albania
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
72,106 72,515 74,512 75,547 76,857 77,631 79,389 81,065 83,313 85,940 88,240 89,127 90,986 92,500 94,780 96,015 96,762 97,567 98,005 99,113
57,767 58,571 60,209 61,288 63,388 65,158 66,064 67,561 68,721 70,435 72,083 72,923 74,010 74,865 76,356 77,146 78,290 79,014 78,899 77,111
66,263 67,098 67,978 68,549 70,045 72,149 73,464 74,484 76,390 77,765 79,851 79,692 81,082 81,787 82,717 83,522 85,328 86,941 86,970 84,765
74,743 75,857 77,118 76,875 79,688 80,428 81,329 83,811 83,944 85,732 87,136 86,640 87,951 88,621 90,637 90,961 92,372 93,593 92,758 90,307
17,366 18,286 18,464 18,484 18,704 19,001 16,757 16,324 17,154 18,341 19,801 20,763 21,648 22,079 22,950 23,742 24,428 25,222 25,891 25,329
42,979 42,795 46,568 45,664 47,657 51,729 52,381 53,263 55,067 56,683 58,545 59,614 59,621 58,559 58,806 58,990 60,368 61,469 61,939 61,326
38,531 35,314 34,660 34,749 35,137 36,954 38,095 37,746 38,047 39,921 41,452 42,277 42,840 44,990 46,846 49,294 51,650 53,394 53,942 52,287
58,322 59,440 61,291 62,144 64,520 65,991 67,246 68,466 68,944 70,117 72,223 72,079 72,389 73,458 75,611 76,676 77,651 76,712 74,605 73,339
21,734 20,132 18,390 18,278 18,601 20,380 22,055 24,640 26,799 27,956 31,207 33,273 35,454 37,587 40,318 43,266 45,394 48,172 45,654 43,634
54,436 54,219 56,296 59,394 62,410 63,762 65,124 66,880 68,962 69,915 72,167 72,838 73,469 74,895 77,667 78,853 80,841 83,340 83,050 78,544
70,313 70,950 72,340 72,615 74,115 75,018 75,566 76,920 78,422 79,407 80,356 80,417 80,740 81,515 83,440 84,552 85,586 86,250 86,011 84,919
61,997 63,110 65,468 65,814 67,633 68,756 69,630 70,953 71,538 72,002 72,947 73,528 73,942 74,486 75,087 75,740 77,657 78,272 78,170 74,323
50,960 53,481 53,090 51,811 51,878 52,495 53,939 56,180 56,405 58,140 60,456 62,914 63,643 66,638 68,228 69,113 70,798 72,973 74,348 73,729
28,483 26,773 28,642 30,690 32,642 33,438 33,741 35,229 36,410 36,945 38,376 40,139 41,988 43,748 46,543 48,303 49,911 50,546 51,390 49,763
62,158 63,563 65,459 66,225 67,925 71,327 74,430 78,597 78,574 81,661 85,533 87,733 91,963 94,239 95,349 96,488 97,434 99,457 97,503 98,343
67,541 67,317 68,333 69,595 72,283 74,475 74,863 76,027 76,338 76,625 77,943 77,789 76,829 75,682 76,504 76,565 76,621 76,698 75,461 72,734
24,128 21,267 15,585 14,831 16,864 18,926 19,989 20,749 21,808 22,927 25,322 27,033 27,967 29,406 31,575 34,386 36,775 39,043 37,045 35,172
29,300 26,983 21,733 18,994 18,195 21,593 22,509 24,045 26,088 26,399 28,383 31,493 32,479 35,028 37,611 39,566 41,904 44,781 46,320 42,365
105,641 110,372 109,361 111,950 113,185 111,929 110,800 113,876 116,070 119,848 123,119 119,599 120,609 120,299 122,862 125,874 128,221 130,743 124,898 119,451
40,328 41,893 44,720 46,083 47,946 49,689 50,896 53,450 54,948 57,292 55,514 53,664 54,776 54,066 54,881 56,261 57,552 57,846 57,813 56,899
68,436 68,785 68,988 69,563 71,130 71,732 72,555 73,385 74,325 75,859 77,113 77,014 76,689 77,325 79,746 80,980 82,328 83,430 83,786 81,438
23,072 22,789 23,585 24,939 26,422 28,018 29,414 31,056 32,227 35,066 37,146 38,446 40,215 42,262 43,980 44,596 45,888 46,921 47,422 48,085
38,027 38,610 39,677 39,680 40,484 42,307 43,132 43,873 44,830 46,027 46,853 46,923 46,982 46,822 47,588 48,107 48,552 49,732 49,528 49,460
14,928 13,067 12,291 12,966 13,540 15,293 16,082 15,698 15,301 15,822 16,329 17,442 20,401 21,480 23,697 25,062 26,852 28,444 30,607 28,943
28,435 26,381 27,974 28,522 30,834 32,571 34,121 35,984 37,729 38,721 40,033 41,192 43,042 44,615 46,969 49,420 52,420 56,493 58,267 56,825
38,216 36,828 36,443 37,013 38,710 39,892 42,172 45,088 46,781 48,624 50,107 51,296 52,531 54,232 56,379 59,019 61,544 63,853 64,460 60,549
62,971 63,808 65,312 66,526 68,434 69,018 69,524 69,701 69,701 69,806 69,782 70,110 70,315 70,303 70,120 69,798 69,866 70,236 71,121 73,358
55,417 55,641 57,534 59,099 62,059 63,475 65,020 67,650 69,325 71,067 72,447 71,853 73,604 75,761 79,526 81,821 83,909 84,587 83,295 80,515
56,880 57,759 64,027 66,047 68,331 69,563 70,905 71,961 73,802 75,317 77,366 78,621 79,660 81,124 82,638 83,580 85,218 86,810 86,650 83,596
57,434 58,161 57,983 57,862 58,296 59,313 60,624 61,146 60,608 61,367 63,516 64,119 65,310 66,450 68,126 69,181 70,284 71,678 71,088 68,398
3,523
3,697
4,004
4,339
4,715
5,340
5,396
5,608
5,537
5,824
6,283
6,844
7,574
8,600
9,371 10,238 11,319 12,668 13,760 14,864
3,785
5,914
20,772
8,401
63,396
29,636
39,993
8,907
3,750
6,394
22,078
8,096
59,234
31,575
42,348
9,913
3,859
6,673
23,345
7,855
60,922
32,758
44,530
10,167
3,984
7,095
24,614
7,796
66,161
34,422
46,914
11,222
4,168
7,366
26,150
7,927
69,744
36,274
49,380
12,245
4,406
8,163
28,563
8,090
79,192
38,414
51,914
13,094
4,689
8,227
28,599
8,087
71,562
40,303
54,649
13,794
4,819
8,481
30,084
8,772
75,591
41,897
56,963
13,370
5,066
7,315
27,770
8,634
72,111
42,043
58,220
12,528
5,314
7,278
28,681
8,571
79,120
45,740
61,066
12,847
5,427
7,549
29,770
9,040
87,741
47,734
63,884
13,186
5,603
7,754
29,642
8,661
78,837
48,664
63,552
13,131
5,675
8,015
30,631
8,774
82,815
50,745
66,395
13,429
6,009
8,292
31,331
9,034
85,485
52,249
67,976
14,057
6,303
8,625
33,089
9,313
90,025
53,653
70,612
14,566
6,735
9,093
34,625
9,496
95,467
55,045
72,773
15,009
7,210
9,443
35,830
9,875
93,785
57,146
75,448
15,603
7,685
9,792
37,200
10,386
96,881
59,330
78,540
16,117
8,002
9,883
38,508
10,603
90,819
60,324
78,285
16,190
8,431
10,141
37,023
10,419
88,164
60,616
77,717
15,537
8,176
6,039
5,690
6,221
6,753
7,806
10,907
9,804
10,904
12,609
13,412
14,545
17,517
18,408
19,354
20,453
21,495
22,786
24,358
25,145
Appendix table 6-14

Armenia
Belarus
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Croatia
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Macedonia
Moldova
Russia
Serbia & Montenegro
Tajikistan
Turkey
Ukraine
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Kuwait
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
South and Central
America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Mexico
Peru
Senegal
Uruguay
Venezuela
1990
8,082
17,113
13,086
46,971
15,824
23,397
9,603
37,651
16,510
31,435
30,072
14,566
25,468
22,687
1991
7,286
17,307
12,274
40,232
12,583
17,488
8,819
34,960
13,670
30,461
27,886
13,152
24,730
20,963
1992
4,624
15,767
9,531
39,983
8,800
16,862
7,255
32,638
9,759
26,686
20,073
9,222
25,984
19,257
1993
4,383
14,946
7,096
32,624
6,883
16,663
6,699
30,244
9,702
24,784
13,785
7,946
29,492
16,906
1994
4,793
13,640
7,663
34,778
6,320
15,407
5,471
29,753
6,763
22,384
13,997
6,252
25,835
13,537
1995
5,162
13,022
8,012
37,659
6,562
14,209
5,186
29,393
6,742
22,137
14,683
5,887
26,931
11,541
1996
5,620
13,521
11,626
36,707
7,111
14,349
5,520
29,639
6,436
21,487
15,541
4,884
28,010
10,603
1997
6,075
15,048
15,460
37,988
7,843
14,706
5,931
30,062
6,656
22,207
17,248
4,801
30,104
10,575
2008
21,797
32,093
26,427
53,973
17,495
27,349
7,415
37,305
12,506
38,435
23,332
9,222
41,313
19,230
2009
18,444
31,951
24,529
52,141
17,881
25,782
7,602
35,389
11,658
36,180
23,785
10,006
39,071
16,938
48,740
12,497
26,978
26,891
57,402
18,564
70,226
9,630
57,942
76,812
73,086
14,734
15,511
10,088
47,951
12,444
29,663
9,695
55,992
16,013
70,824
10,077
57,706
72,363
78,294
15,496
15,604
10,077
49,491
12,164
30,138
12,159
57,258
16,771
70,011
9,331
58,613
76,294
80,305
16,654
16,290
10,268
54,047
12,216
28,802
11,767
56,742
15,946
84,161
8,949
58,186
73,973
77,899
16,936
16,122
9,984
52,157
12,419
27,780
10,823
58,181
15,496
82,146
9,713
56,967
73,848
75,874
16,960
16,094
9,999
52,461
12,662
27,478
9,562
62,052
15,542
74,835
8,721
57,027
75,349
73,604
16,945
16,007
10,107
52,856 52,779 53,521 54,028 55,017 55,913 57,023 59,384 60,928 64,796 68,145 72,508 75,936
12,961 13,402 14,038 14,499 14,890 15,008 15,069 15,139 15,335 15,658 16,290 17,163 18,011
28,305 27,998 27,469 26,735 26,971 26,858 27,749 28,725 29,164 29,493 30,739 32,675 33,327
10,397
9,660 10,738 11,238 12,089 12,800 13,301 10,102 14,984 14,127 14,591 14,408 15,376
63,605 63,733 64,323 64,176 67,644 65,944 64,352 63,747 65,241 67,088 68,873 70,041 69,123
15,084 14,988 14,876 15,100 15,309 15,661 16,202 16,387 17,263 18,045 18,803 19,448 19,908
69,357 66,606 67,092 66,106 71,560 71,301 67,549 73,726 74,334 75,871 77,653 77,602 80,333
9,596
9,060
9,510
9,257
9,338 10,160 10,351 10,570 10,751 10,936 11,579 11,624 12,049
56,439 58,316 58,551 56,705 58,299 60,447 60,366 59,273 60,053 61,509 63,676 66,923 73,266
80,316 103,244 110,633 112,277 117,344 114,724 107,695 102,463 106,988 101,953 101,839 100,460 102,573
73,702 72,913 72,328 68,969 69,871 67,538 64,926 67,523 68,709 70,002 69,881 69,306 70,592
16,927 16,252 16,653 15,624 15,529 15,641 16,027 15,172 15,432 15,330 15,486 15,504 15,708
16,660 17,081 17,492 18,161 18,596 19,103 19,009 19,737 20,531 20,936 21,540 22,448 23,039
10,135 10,291 10,579 10,601 10,854 10,824 10,799 10,726 10,701 10,847 10,726 10,627 10,566
77,110
18,461
33,843
15,630
66,062
19,432
76,165
12,444
73,840
98,603
69,017
15,738
23,261
10,528
23,275
9,963
16,525
21,516
19,561
19,073
33,352
13,127
3,946
22,252
28,280
25,373
10,479
16,568
22,448
18,476
19,396
33,623
13,001
3,929
23,199
30,065
27,667
10,494
16,417
24,441
19,273
19,036
34,041
12,923
3,863
24,646
30,902
29,332
10,689
17,116
25,658
19,258
18,458
34,180
14,165
3,801
25,091
30,093
31,153
11,112
17,884
26,642
19,044
18,462
34,708
17,045
3,690
26,204
28,351
29,483
11,330
18,389
29,110
21,067
18,141
33,210
18,668
3,780
25,428
28,542
30,966
11,588
19,244
30,597
20,711
18,651
33,568
18,779
3,738
27,560
27,584
39,311
12,347
21,130
32,684
23,806
20,161
36,694
23,037
4,199
27,754
31,906
33,746
11,613
19,775
32,067
21,795
18,685
33,890
19,057
3,741
29,010
28,703
1998
6,691
16,146
17,396
39,978
8,630
14,653
6,000
30,055
6,338
21,310
17,361
5,042
30,235
10,485
35,136
11,780
19,573
32,519
21,671
19,059
34,681
18,423
3,845
32,214
28,002
1999
7,117
16,607
18,485
40,726
8,872
15,689
6,011
31,551
6,256
22,610
14,541
5,405
28,869
10,720
33,783
11,437
19,354
31,677
20,210
18,144
35,589
18,095
3,972
31,922
25,532
2000
7,658
17,572
19,095
40,362
8,510
16,977
6,324
32,886
6,302
24,668
15,718
5,827
31,476
11,647
33,093
11,354
19,090
32,587
20,140
17,968
37,173
18,944
3,973
31,889
25,678
2001
8,474
18,501
19,276
44,313
8,735
17,836
6,589
31,931
6,759
25,739
16,560
6,091
29,760
12,876
31,113
11,389
19,201
32,179
19,714
17,703
37,140
19,105
4,031
30,563
25,882
2002
11,146
19,590
20,978
44,857
9,407
19,552
6,515
32,386
7,257
26,716
17,483
6,650
31,840
13,322
31,163
11,697
18,976
32,293
20,262
17,650
36,587
19,898
3,927
28,184
23,722
2003
12,698
21,161
22,120
46,805
10,590
20,526
6,527
33,949
8,586
28,478
18,098
7,278
33,837
14,552
31,935
11,074
18,872
32,593
19,974
18,074
36,829
20,652
4,065
28,973
21,715
2004
14,363
23,704
23,791
47,981
11,406
21,879
6,775
36,117
9,502
30,318
19,506
7,246
35,936
16,319
32,679
11,238
18,997
33,878
20,530
17,864
37,062
21,237
4,176
31,018
25,485
2005
16,114
25,743
24,606
49,619
12,778
23,740
6,483
36,831
10,193
32,068
20,424
7,645
38,514
16,452
33,301
11,445
19,025
34,529
20,883
18,774
38,059
21,789
4,275
31,987
28,734
2006
18,331
27,981
26,022
52,280
13,955
25,787
6,618
37,103
11,203
34,333
22,215
8,056
40,657
17,618
34,675
11,678
19,309
33,264
22,967
18,827
38,568
21,512
4,243
26,986
30,666
2007
20,679
29,686
26,026
53,296
16,073
27,231
6,991
37,758
11,632
36,640
23,495
8,617
41,924
18,859
37,411
11,855
20,088
33,998
24,128
19,291
39,172
21,660
4,314
27,688
32,739
39,308
12,252
20,751
34,167
24,220
20,394
38,890
23,310
4,272
28,756
33,471
Appendix table 6-14

Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Cte d'Ivoire
Congo (Democratic
Republic)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Niger
Nigeria
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Other developed
Australia
Canada
Iceland
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Othe developing
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
7,089
1,856
6,572
4,806
6,948
1,969
6,116
4,618
6,311
1,916
5,735
4,423
4,607
1,927
5,371
4,800
4,518
1,896
5,065
4,623
5,044
1,950
5,075
4,701
5,887
2,106
5,160
4,903
6,049
2,176
5,259
5,015
5,886
2,267
5,359
5,071
5,907
2,338
5,421
4,997
5,905
2,322
5,475
4,620
5,892
2,390
5,561
4,509
6,543
2,400
5,616
4,335
6,534
2,489
5,676
4,176
7,029
2,507
5,729
4,155
8,227
2,627
5,689
4,141
9,470
2,682
5,710
4,066
11,062
2,689
5,735
4,028
12,149
2,746
5,740
4,015
11,741
2,750
5,694
4,057
1,971
1,736
1,490
1,235
1,143
1,116
1,074
989
949
886
801
760
763
781
807
842
861
886
909
905
1,188
3,906
2,507
1,481
3,081
2,613
4,761
30,415
40
1,899
1,508
4,313
1,097
3,799
2,272
1,564
3,305
2,575
4,610
28,999
43
1,870
1,488
4,143
1,008
3,605
2,227
1,420
3,157
2,312
4,501
27,248
41
1,814
1,483
4,086
1,113
3,451
2,203
1,538
3,224
2,251
4,466
26,470
43
1,770
1,562
3,966
1,140
3,399
2,132
1,361
3,281
2,246
4,372
26,279
42
1,736
1,617
3,319
1,173
3,411
2,105
1,521
3,306
2,008
4,236
26,073
42
1,740
1,752
3,127
1,289
3,421
2,085
1,633
3,492
2,017
4,322
26,224
43
1,765
1,860
3,253
1,304
3,312
2,101
1,692
3,624
1,937
4,310
25,956
46
1,778
1,910
3,265
1,224
3,311
2,121
1,658
3,861
2,087
4,296
25,106
47
1,795
1,929
3,108
1,255
3,283
2,160
1,668
3,898
2,016
4,189
24,723
47
1,809
2,032
3,096
1,255
3,191
2,189
1,634
3,688
1,880
4,282
24,811
49
1,850
2,079
3,136
1,302
3,234
2,253
1,523
4,047
1,951
4,498
24,680
51
1,911
2,123
3,224
1,271
3,137
1,906
1,507
4,099
1,989
5,295
25,045
52
1,995
2,235
3,270
1,182
3,124
2,032
1,557
4,273
2,064
5,698
25,182
55
2,075
2,306
3,383
1,240
3,171
2,073
1,602
4,199
1,978
6,147
25,879
56
2,180
2,382
3,508
1,335
3,263
2,101
1,610
4,338
2,082
6,310
26,692
58
2,277
2,451
3,625
1,430
3,372
2,138
1,783
4,476
2,137
6,529
27,605
62
2,366
2,627
3,778
1,541
3,514
2,200
1,756
4,537
2,145
6,805
28,499
67
2,466
2,750
3,927
1,639
3,473
2,281
1,869
4,642
2,277
7,016
28,347
69
2,578
2,890
4,057
1,742
3,452
2,098
1,964
4,729
2,193
7,210
26,708
70
2,646
2,990
4,217
65,414
66,173
54,360
65,071
80,608
66,173
66,747
65,941
54,239
63,528
83,967
64,335
69,375
67,185
52,409
66,079
87,096
65,368
70,693
68,432
53,214
69,587
88,868
65,801
71,044
70,277
54,694
69,659
92,099
67,022
71,944
70,988
53,100
69,897
94,008
67,233
74,164
71,495
55,626
69,885
96,838
67,651
76,332
72,992
58,360
70,981
99,172
69,018
78,743 80,059 79,991 81,943 82,372 84,462 84,558 84,538 85,316 86,248 87,152 88,183
74,156 76,308 78,381 78,831 79,207 78,835 79,898 81,163 81,858 82,006 81,097 80,210
59,579 59,834 61,183 62,542 63,548 64,997 70,318 73,187 72,807 73,831 73,949 73,428
69,582 71,005 72,848 73,473 74,816 75,924 76,224 75,391 74,370 75,760 73,581 74,026
99,203 100,291 102,929 104,617 105,779 107,960 111,649 113,293 111,835 110,404 108,870 107,693
69,870 70,223 71,986 71,652 71,652 71,630 73,241 74,859 75,854 76,370 76,290 74,535
3,044
1,786
6,599
8,426
2,547
3,072
1,862
7,232
8,888
2,633
3,188
1,931
7,471
9,378
2,788
3,293
1,948
7,429
9,563
2,946
3,386
2,126
7,566
9,952
3,137
3,509
1,811
7,917
10,353
3,360
3,627
2,111
8,242
10,395
3,594
3,776
2,244
7,898
10,923
3,805
3,925
2,125
7,775
10,607
3,940
4,066
2,128
7,922
11,001
4,042
4,256
2,414
8,342
11,237
4,130
4,292
2,196
8,359
11,216
4,312
EU = European Union; GDP = gross domestic product; PPP = purchasing power parity
NOTE: GDP per capita in 2009 US$ converted to 2009 price levels with updated 2005 purchasing power parity price indexes.
SOURCE: The Conference Board, Total Economy Database (October 2010), http://www.conference-board.org/economics, accessed 23 October 2010.
4,294
2,292
8,520
11,155
4,500
4,330
2,291
8,523
10,987
4,700
4,501
2,343
8,693
10,983
4,944
4,665
2,600
9,296
12,264
5,214
4,866
2,812
8,976
13,073
5,489
5,065
3,021
9,441
14,088
5,791
5,264
3,181
9,512
14,359
5,991
5,448
3,076
9,308
14,904
6,140
Appendix table 6-15

Real GDP per capita, by region/country/economy: 19902009
United States
EU
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
South Korea
Philippines
Singapore
Taiwan
Thailand
Central Europe/Asia
Albania
1990
34,920
22,587
30,525
28,827
8,576
17,352
19,367
30,007
11,506
27,079
27,636
29,120
20,147
14,629
20,826
26,912
12,761
14,692
51,887
14,672
30,648
9,760
17,753
9,123
14,243
18,460
22,085
29,456
26,949
29,833
1,989
1991
34,366
22,744
31,159
29,252
7,964
16,991
17,125
30,318
10,420
25,312
27,752
30,376
20,526
12,856
21,092
27,323
11,204
13,831
55,763
15,386
31,156
9,043
18,536
7,960
12,120
16,747
22,583
28,906
26,498
30,723
2,090
1992
35,047
22,879
31,360
29,579
7,484
18,113
17,020
30,815
9,132
24,297
27,967
30,816
20,521
12,480
21,632
27,488
7,711
10,896
55,997
16,483
31,462
9,242
18,721
7,269
11,299
15,834
22,741
28,392
26,463
30,879
2,261
1993
35,581
22,777
31,187
29,178
7,563
17,760
17,013
30,686
8,564
23,989
27,566
30,367
20,080
12,472
22,086
27,155
6,965
9,156
57,538
16,944
31,648
9,564
18,265
7,388
11,469
16,279
22,458
27,646
26,995
30,848
2,446
1994
36,594
23,383
31,723
30,008
7,781
18,367
17,385
32,275
8,561
24,753
28,046
31,066
20,390
12,881
23,246
27,666
7,237
8,283
58,897
17,546
32,358
10,049
18,331
7,687
12,131
17,137
22,952
28,552
28,077
31,028
2,654
1995
37,082
23,995
32,448
30,626
8,098
19,753
18,428
33,092
8,928
25,640
28,511
31,561
20,763
13,093
25,356
28,401
7,380
8,699
58,873
18,594
33,200
10,733
19,044
8,250
12,801
18,287
23,552
29,522
28,844
31,530
3,001
1996
38,041
24,416
33,116
30,985
7,422
19,716
19,193
33,840
9,560
26,478
28,699
31,782
21,208
13,254
27,238
28,665
7,733
9,163
58,924
19,171
34,179
11,394
19,674
8,596
13,660
18,897
24,087
29,949
29,596
32,283
3,034
1997
39,262
25,047
33,782
32,079
7,091
19,813
19,073
34,780
10,791
28,044
29,208
32,308
21,932
13,866
29,998
29,145
8,462
9,858
61,616
19,954
35,466
12,194
20,422
8,095
14,231
19,783
24,964
30,742
30,497
32,707
3,161
1998
40,496
25,757
34,959
32,643
7,462
20,482
18,946
35,403
11,619
29,379
30,091
32,959
22,631
14,624
32,119
29,517
8,951
10,620
64,771
20,483
36,635
12,796
21,310
7,722
14,831
20,496
25,990
32,016
31,497
31,963
3,129
1999
41,965
26,504
36,057
33,738
7,710
21,160
19,220
36,191
11,677
30,460
30,936
33,601
23,368
15,286
35,100
29,922
9,318
10,514
69,244
21,142
38,102
13,376
22,052
7,641
14,820
21,609
27,084
33,481
32,463
31,855
3,299
2000
43,217
27,474
37,285
34,884
8,204
21,913
19,941
37,347
12,934
32,022
31,982
34,632
24,363
16,074
37,940
30,964
10,036
10,868
74,021
20,842
39,340
13,950
22,802
7,836
15,011
22,547
28,215
34,918
33,603
32,706
3,567
2001
43,238
27,952
37,395
35,063
8,626
22,479
20,446
37,481
14,007
32,680
32,393
35,022
25,331
16,768
39,595
31,459
10,926
11,627
74,860
20,404
39,823
14,122
23,136
8,292
15,521
23,182
28,918
35,294
34,294
32,703
3,901
2002
43,606
28,230
37,933
35,472
9,104
22,606
20,846
37,523
15,228
33,193
32,540
34,992
26,147
17,537
41,512
31,557
11,723
12,468
76,895
20,852
39,593
14,333
23,196
8,733
16,217
24,099
29,277
36,113
34,880
32,734
4,337
2003
44,304
28,543
38,170
35,686
9,652
22,616
21,608
37,531
16,493
33,783
32,713
34,895
27,644
18,323
42,585
31,513
12,659
13,795
77,063
20,700
39,480
14,896
22,878
9,215
16,973
24,781
29,698
36,890
35,726
33,152
4,941
2004
45,461
29,199
39,083
36,778
10,390
23,033
22,588
38,257
17,805
35,105
33,327
35,306
28,863
19,250
43,573
31,963
13,856
14,859
79,422
20,799
40,128
15,701
23,137
10,023
17,803
25,845
30,184
38,384
36,595
34,029
5,404
2005
46,421
29,675
39,996
37,370
11,139
23,377
24,026
39,055
19,612
36,067
33,755
35,569
29,452
19,959
45,073
32,147
15,433
16,069
82,685
21,543
40,726
16,279
23,220
10,463
18,962
27,008
30,771
39,529
37,167
34,672
5,925
2006
47,208
30,535
41,394
38,350
11,947
23,862
25,676
40,246
21,824
37,600
34,296
36,698
30,727
20,775
46,277
32,785
17,439
17,381
86,217
22,232
41,894
17,302
23,466
11,311
20,544
28,599
31,483
41,160
38,002
35,385
6,566
2007
47,651
31,318
42,901
39,428
12,792
24,659
27,268
40,796
23,483
39,552
34,848
37,613
32,047
21,001
47,746
33,223
19,306
19,147
90,689
22,958
43,329
18,485
23,942
12,050
22,577
30,582
32,046
42,456
38,718
36,244
7,367
2008
47,213
31,480
43,640
39,710
13,674
25,122
27,910
40,317
22,436
39,988
34,754
38,101
32,636
21,107
45,276
32,783
18,605
19,733
89,638
23,453
43,946
19,396
23,876
12,962
23,894
31,750
31,828
42,123
38,681
35,861
8,011
2009
45,576
30,123
42,124
38,475
13,090
24,277
26,759
38,186
19,440
36,712
33,694
36,238
31,945
19,886
41,371
31,081
15,360
16,863
85,524
22,863
42,047
19,760
23,161
12,064
22,722
29,198
30,393
39,835
36,520
34,003
8,668
1,403
2,502
7,933
12,502
2,867
31,978
16,422
4,834
1,398
2,681
8,457
13,568
2,787
30,987
17,532
5,178
1,447
2,827
8,971
14,187
2,738
31,858
18,679
5,522
1,502
2,982
9,615
14,925
2,738
34,214
19,746
5,900
1,570
3,154
10,238
16,085
2,797
36,646
21,037
6,347
1,653
3,357
10,966
17,371
2,861
38,046
22,171
6,845
1,753
3,559
11,763
18,471
2,958
38,514
23,216
7,160
1,795
3,667
12,300
19,391
3,041
41,267
24,283
6,981
1,881
3,137
11,099
18,147
2,958
39,408
24,899
6,179
1,967
3,114
11,480
19,950
2,993
42,460
26,178
6,391
2,018
3,220
12,174
21,541
3,055
45,532
27,477
6,639
2,097
3,295
11,935
22,236
3,039
43,383
26,838
6,725
2,140
3,389
12,296
23,696
3,105
43,860
28,106
7,024
2,283
3,502
12,695
24,248
3,190
44,136
29,018
7,464
2,437
3,631
13,240
25,263
3,322
46,277
30,706
7,875
2,598
3,789
13,681
26,180
3,417
48,895
32,039
8,173
2,804
3,948
14,227
27,468
3,528
52,315
33,661
8,536
3,013
4,145
14,888
28,795
3,702
56,003
35,555
8,890
3,165
4,345
15,325
29,378
3,763
56,328
35,718
9,055
3,352
4,490
14,814
29,357
3,728
55,007
34,955
8,791
3,041
2,234
2,146
2,357
2,516
2,808
3,793
3,359
3,676
4,205
4,527
4,934
5,192
5,543
5,906
6,291
6,674
7,109
7,686
7,905
Appendix table 6-15

Armenia
Belarus
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Croatia
Georgia
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyz Republic
Macedonia
Moldova
Russia
Serbia & Montenegro
Tajikistan
Turkey
Ukraine
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Jordan
Kuwait
Morocco
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Mexico
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
1990
4,274
8,641
3,554
16,332
7,686
9,246
3,830
9,506
6,245
16,002
11,810
5,357
8,572
11,109
1991
3,708
8,517
3,123
12,795
6,068
8,176
3,477
8,889
5,121
15,169
10,474
4,794
8,488
10,122
1992
2,196
7,679
2,354
11,415
3,384
7,725
2,963
8,210
3,622
12,960
7,560
3,201
8,831
9,091
1993
2,093
7,083
1,752
10,520
2,442
7,053
2,508
7,485
3,574
11,834
5,226
2,657
9,370
7,795
1994
2,281
6,263
1,880
11,079
2,243
6,267
2,006
7,287
2,470
10,327
5,349
2,070
8,704
6,036
1995
2,483
5,627
2,034
11,870
2,350
5,863
1,878
7,136
2,441
9,900
5,670
1,921
9,168
5,343
1996
2,634
5,802
3,224
12,655
2,657
5,961
1,982
7,158
2,303
9,555
5,983
1,467
9,643
4,848
1997
2,725
6,492
4,407
13,573
2,967
6,145
2,148
7,211
2,344
9,703
6,430
1,466
10,194
4,744
1998
2,935
7,066
4,856
13,938
3,081
6,122
2,163
7,415
2,193
9,200
6,599
1,513
10,335
4,692
1999
3,032
7,330
5,129
13,765
3,192
6,355
2,211
7,700
2,123
9,815
5,417
1,537
9,825
4,727
2000
3,216
7,777
5,304
14,175
3,277
7,002
2,305
8,012
2,174
10,848
5,743
1,632
10,323
5,055
2001
3,540
8,173
5,311
14,624
3,456
7,937
2,403
7,614
2,314
11,457
6,109
1,758
9,582
5,578
2002
4,092
8,620
5,498
15,276
3,659
8,700
2,374
7,654
2,501
12,068
6,354
1,914
10,015
5,926
2003
4,685
9,270
5,601
15,974
4,079
9,490
2,511
7,852
2,674
13,020
6,522
2,089
10,382
6,548
2004
5,194
10,381
5,812
16,656
4,333
10,376
2,654
8,153
2,876
14,029
7,080
2,262
11,186
7,399
2005
5,931
11,415
5,924
17,360
4,766
11,351
2,616
8,465
3,097
15,002
7,502
2,369
11,949
7,657
2006
6,728
12,612
6,191
18,188
5,231
12,527
2,660
8,778
3,250
16,234
7,925
2,479
12,590
8,280
2007
7,665
13,752
6,496
19,189
5,896
13,595
2,848
9,293
3,352
17,628
8,510
2,618
12,994
8,999
2008
8,206
15,222
6,810
19,650
6,052
13,980
3,023
9,728
3,618
18,705
9,024
2,772
12,902
9,267
2009
7,049
15,318
6,547
18,516
5,833
13,226
3,100
9,519
3,386
17,308
8,808
2,814
12,089
7,909
21,782
3,712
7,398
6,400
21,671
4,259
28,022
3,053
18,643
46,545
22,959
3,858
4,587
2,152
21,528
3,725
8,000
2,465
21,835
3,889
37,112
3,205
19,009
43,883
24,673
4,129
4,676
2,205
22,345
3,686
8,097
3,115
22,558
4,177
37,621
3,023
19,842
45,996
24,672
4,543
4,947
2,299
24,547
3,743
7,870
3,023
22,587
4,237
48,099
2,942
20,277
44,367
23,873
4,746
4,964
2,302
23,849
3,848
7,798
2,787
23,344
4,342
49,966
3,192
20,425
43,876
23,285
4,875
5,034
2,370
24,172
3,967
7,910
2,459
24,839
4,510
48,485
2,933
20,795
44,165
22,644
5,002
5,072
2,425
24,585
4,104
8,355
2,686
25,469
4,490
46,702
3,240
20,801
46,209
22,757
5,013
5,355
2,461
24,828
4,253
8,517
2,506
25,525
4,530
45,893
3,121
21,498
57,754
22,729
4,828
5,569
2,509
25,503
4,476
8,631
2,798
25,935
4,562
45,747
3,312
21,521
60,796
22,786
4,964
5,762
2,577
26,099
4,648
8,688
2,948
26,110
4,614
43,296
3,284
20,871
61,291
22,077
4,686
6,041
2,590
26,961
4,794
9,024
3,180
27,792
4,704
43,755
3,292
21,336
64,757
22,622
4,674
6,253
2,663
27,711
4,857
9,234
3,369
27,172
4,843
42,379
3,495
22,025
65,516
22,240
4,727
6,498
2,678
28,662
4,905
9,817
3,504
26,491
5,009
42,214
3,566
22,007
64,399
21,791
4,886
6,540
2,697
30,233
4,954
10,443
2,664
26,384
5,102
47,904
3,745
21,632
65,317
22,976
4,669
6,831
2,712
31,438
5,047
10,877
3,947
27,176
5,415
51,070
3,877
21,935
73,478
23,710
4,867
7,169
2,734
33,394
5,161
11,252
3,726
28,032
5,725
54,604
3,946
22,570
77,525
24,559
4,969
7,388
2,800
35,089
5,399
11,763
3,853
28,980
5,772
55,446
4,204
23,477
87,298
24,881
5,017
7,706
2,804
37,387
5,661
12,528
3,809
29,951
5,888
54,859
4,268
24,822
97,752
24,942
4,934
8,115
2,813
39,129
5,942
12,653
4,064
30,613
6,205
56,315
4,456
27,344
111,851
25,584
4,985
8,408
2,833
39,731
6,094
12,724
4,133
30,315
6,236
52,892
4,636
27,719
120,713
25,205
5,080
8,571
2,861
8,650
3,469
7,762
7,253
6,575
6,026
11,837
4,914
8,130
9,025
9,431
3,566
7,719
7,699
6,595
6,271
12,113
4,947
8,359
9,670
10,196
3,540
7,557
8,504
6,745
6,291
12,321
4,825
8,959
10,025
10,642
3,606
7,805
8,956
6,991
6,192
12,332
4,951
9,135
9,836
11,121
3,691
8,133
9,324
7,212
6,331
12,653
5,472
9,731
9,408
10,673
3,780
8,345
10,166
7,453
6,297
11,675
5,826
9,525
9,588
11,134
3,861
8,394
10,769
7,490
6,303
12,079
5,860
9,985
9,389
11,897
3,968
8,546
11,327
7,640
6,410
12,696
6,150
10,410
9,808
12,215
4,080
8,421
11,542
7,580
6,405
13,139
6,006
10,810
9,669
11,672
4,013
8,318
11,313
7,180
5,895
13,454
5,964
10,440
8,943
11,452
4,028
8,550
11,681
7,324
5,974
14,153
6,046
10,228
9,129
10,843
4,012
8,539
11,936
7,407
6,202
13,963
5,968
9,823
9,300
9,584
4,027
8,643
12,062
7,496
6,365
13,902
6,175
8,688
8,354
10,339
4,052
8,621
12,400
7,735
6,468
13,927
6,331
8,826
7,596
11,155
4,138
8,990
13,013
7,983
6,832
14,322
6,553
9,814
8,855
12,042
4,236
9,151
13,600
8,325
7,086
14,618
6,904
10,407
9,628
12,919
4,355
9,392
14,087
8,784
7,227
15,147
7,338
11,077
10,425
13,890
4,468
9,798
14,608
9,325
7,293
15,462
7,884
11,856
11,109
14,676
4,656
10,171
14,932
9,431
7,649
15,515
8,543
12,848
11,468
14,652
4,734
10,079
14,533
9,344
7,504
14,298
8,505
12,940
11,037
3,913
3,859
3,532
2,618
2,593
2,904
3,401
3,513
3,449
3,500
3,549
3,604
4,043
4,065
4,387
5,148
5,958
7,008
7,762
7,568
Appendix table 6-15

Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Congo (Democratic Republic)
Cte d'Ivoire
Ethiopia
Kenya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Other developed
Australia
Canada
Iceland
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
864
2,407
678
1,800
523
1,647
1,156
609
951
770
1,447
1,499
8,227
12
923
685
1,615
1991
911
2,251
601
1,725
483
1,616
1,051
636
1,014
765
1,402
1,495
7,972
13
915
673
1,558
1992
883
2,123
521
1,672
445
1,541
1,031
568
955
694
1,373
1,474
7,648
12
893
667
1,545
1993
884
2,001
437
1,829
493
1,492
1,022
612
969
682
1,367
1,455
7,582
13
873
697
1,502
1994
865
1,900
406
1,766
507
1,493
991
558
979
686
1,345
1,418
7,691
12
853
715
1,268
1995
883
1,914
393
1,806
520
1,518
977
639
985
620
1,309
1,456
7,825
12
855
775
1,201
1996
950
1,961
381
1,897
569
1,541
968
685
1,037
629
1,341
1,448
8,054
13
875
823
1,251
1997
979
2,011
356
1,954
575
1,508
974
709
1,063
611
1,346
1,457
8,160
14
886
844
1,257
1998
1,019
2,062
343
1,995
540
1,523
982
696
1,122
665
1,351
1,504
8,089
14
894
851
1,200
1999
1,049
2,103
318
1,981
553
1,524
998
701
1,123
649
1,326
1,562
8,175
14
901
891
1,194
2000
1,046
2,139
287
1,841
557
1,498
1,011
687
1,059
609
1,365
1,575
8,413
15
920
911
1,202
2001
1,073
2,184
273
1,796
583
1,529
1,040
640
1,154
635
1,443
1,606
8,546
16
951
930
1,225
2002
1,071
2,217
273
1,730
573
1,493
884
634
1,171
644
1,710
1,575
8,763
16
996
980
1,234
2003
1,112
2,251
281
1,665
536
1,493
941
652
1,222
664
1,845
1,636
8,926
17
1,040
1,010
1,267
2004
1,126
2,281
290
1,652
565
1,519
961
670
1,205
635
1,997
1,686
9,240
17
1,098
1,043
1,305
2005
1,187
2,281
304
1,646
612
1,565
975
674
1,247
663
2,060
1,734
9,636
18
1,154
1,071
1,342
2006
1,214
2,302
311
1,623
655
1,619
994
745
1,290
676
2,143
1,730
10,082
19
1,207
1,145
1,390
2007
1,218
2,324
320
1,614
704
1,684
1,025
734
1,310
673
2,246
1,765
10,538
21
1,266
1,198
1,437
2008
1,242
2,338
329
1,616
749
1,663
1,065
781
1,339
709
2,332
1,759
10,832
22
1,332
1,257
1,476
2009
1,243
2,332
327
1,641
795
1,652
981
821
1,363
677
2,415
1,740
10,580
22
1,377
1,304
1,525
29,944
31,349
29,213
22,617
39,126
38,720
29,580
30,336
28,908
22,056
40,154
37,889
30,273
30,143
27,697
22,058
41,330
37,521
31,137
30,413
27,819
23,178
42,229
37,118
32,194
31,464
28,302
24,066
44,110
37,263
33,176
31,956
28,181
24,702
45,720
37,171
34,053
32,110
29,368
25,167
47,808
37,280
35,138
33,158
30,562
25,311
50,107
37,986
36,543
34,239
32,160
25,266
51,138
38,912
37,564
35,818
33,080
26,461
51,815
39,286
37,860
37,354
34,048
26,952
53,155
40,503
38,819
37,685
34,915
27,640
53,940
40,721
39,552
38,463
34,573
28,539
54,504
40,621
40,707
38,881
35,037
29,299
54,817
40,286
41,384
39,788
37,364
30,008
56,696
41,070
42,155
40,671
39,783
30,649
58,015
41,938
43,195
41,473
41,244
30,597
59,109
43,261
44,244
42,149
43,331
31,173
60,499
44,611
44,667
41,971
43,392
30,701
61,368
45,237
44,729
40,508
40,174
30,260
60,218
44,440
907
685
1,768
2,449
1,113
923
712
1,814
2,539
1,154
955
729
1,901
2,621
1,230
982
724
1,901
2,764
1,305
1,006
766
1,935
2,880
1,396
1,039
797
1,981
3,002
1,504
1,070
821
2,055
3,081
1,619
1,109
850
2,038
3,247
1,725
1,147
876
2,059
3,367
1,799
1,182
968
2,095
3,477
1,860
1,231
1,033
2,119
3,648
1,961
1,273
1,096
2,101
3,560
2,069
1,306
1,155
2,119
3,660
2,187
1,351
1,235
2,180
3,834
2,318
1,411
1,343
2,300
4,000
2,467
1,470
1,499
2,461
4,208
2,641
1,542
1,636
2,557
4,484
2,823
1,615
1,774
2,683
4,741
3,025
1,688
1,861
2,735
4,975
3,178
1,757
1,792
2,723
5,103
3,308
EU = European Union; GDP = gross domestic product; PPP = purchasing power parity
NOTE: GDP per capita in 2009 US$ converted to 2009 price levels with updated 2005 purchasing power parity price indexes.
SOURCE: The Conference Board, Total Economy Database (October 2010), http://www.conference-board.org/economics, accessed 23 October 2010.
Appendix table 6-16

Value added of pharmaceuticals, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
100,866
24,908
34,590
1,179
58
724
329
5,214
7,438
410
6,907
671
205
2,919
1,272
5,696
1,569
20,284
2,373
4,013
848
251
42
324
446
1,766
293
43
14,699
929
90
833
6
649
259
115
195
14
21
45
1991
110,452
28,854
36,897
1,266
92
805
343
5,492
7,705
422
6,815
778
183
3,304
1,688
6,265
1,740
22,454
2,723
4,921
943
368
47
374
683
2,105
334
68
14,603
1,153
57
1,091
5
462
90
88
196
14
23
51
1992
122,481
32,033
40,429
1,443
108
967
313
5,991
8,437
586
7,034
915
211
3,906
1,878
6,821
1,820
25,036
3,292
5,226
960
202
59
524
696
2,251
433
102
16,466
1,292
329
937
26
566
102
100
200
71
25
68
1993
127,386
33,490
36,668
1,409
86
788
220
6,187
7,869
604
5,601
1,216
200
2,874
1,790
6,007
1,819
29,558
3,825
6,055
1,083
344
65
493
748
2,821
474
27
17,790
1,514
257
1,228
29
634
146
101
224
60
25
77
1994
136,137
38,012
39,337
1,548
111
1,060
288
6,422
8,490
1,006
5,923
1,178
335
2,576
2,084
6,387
1,929
31,167
3,248
6,798
1,225
525
77
495
729
3,148
497
102
17,576
1,474
483
929
62
708
152
158
208
76
27
86
1995
148,492
38,300
45,673
2,241
174
1,286
320
7,924
10,225
1,273
5,466
1,620
493
3,073
2,466
6,632
2,482
34,567
3,683
7,472
1,349
408
104
602
797
3,632
452
128
18,797
1,645
474
1,109
62
769
199
172
199
84
29
85
1996
150,698
41,484
46,622
2,250
182
1,152
301
7,609
10,396
1,156
6,789
1,547
489
3,257
2,508
6,701
2,285
30,711
4,438
8,585
1,608
466
86
672
1,059
3,976
486
233
18,858
1,651
531
1,001
119
833
267
121
229
88
33
95
1997
147,160
43,007
44,440
2,025
186
1,380
280
7,389
9,136
1,218
6,097
1,486
501
2,839
2,468
7,256
2,181
27,458
4,875
8,441
1,783
493
95
653
1,071
3,641
518
187
18,938
1,803
680
984
139
929
339
127
234
74
36
120
1998
146,549
46,124
45,183
1,938
162
1,462
304
7,545
8,701
1,686
6,256
1,374
492
2,689
2,755
7,693
2,125
23,841
5,285
7,001
1,851
191
82
547
1,299
2,521
463
49
19,115
1,940
517
1,280
143
1,035
426
112
244
90
34
129
1999
162,978
51,044
49,208
2,474
161
1,677
298
7,669
9,332
2,373
7,217
1,540
470
2,724
3,263
8,124
1,888
30,819
6,286
7,585
2,264
408
68
615
1,071
2,598
506
56
18,035
1,770
314
1,320
136
1,111
503
122
235
83
37
131
Appendix table 6-16

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
165,835
53,327
46,228
2,331
169
1,649
247
7,565
8,509
2,005
6,163
1,428
474
2,554
3,042
7,989
2,101
31,076
7,736
8,617
1,853
489
100
663
1,739
3,185
528
59
18,852
1,997
389
1,473
136
1,205
506
161
251
109
40
138
2001
176,166
61,976
49,642
2,614
178
1,797
296
8,151
9,089
2,097
6,322
1,459
537
2,935
3,201
8,988
1,978
28,648
8,796
8,245
2,091
661
83
398
1,561
2,966
463
21
18,860
1,705
492
1,062
151
1,406
627
188
272
130
41
148
2002
190,619
68,119
53,971
2,991
225
1,678
268
8,441
9,617
3,047
7,002
1,467
598
2,946
4,027
9,284
2,381
28,201
10,136
10,517
2,353
915
104
423
2,732
3,477
484
29
19,674
1,480
142
1,176
162
1,707
757
292
322
152
43
141
2003
216,576
72,766
66,277
3,641
272
2,347
321
10,621
13,107
3,055
8,356
1,639
709
3,764
4,940
10,363
3,143
31,758
12,422
11,763
2,631
1,145
117
253
3,298
3,710
576
33
21,590
1,903
562
1,162
178
1,733
635
363
353
181
48
153
2004
232,590
73,500
72,468
4,011
332
2,589
368
10,631
15,730
2,997
8,986
1,817
845
4,245
5,060
11,385
3,473
33,342
14,541
14,858
3,260
979
139
309
5,343
4,189
602
37
23,882
2,283
662
1,451
170
1,956
738
389
415
176
53
185
2005
243,382
69,279
78,412
4,326
404
3,083
446
11,627
18,006
2,661
8,093
2,193
1,085
4,502
5,443
12,487
4,056
32,457
18,709
16,801
3,935
1,190
120
333
5,213
5,294
677
41
27,724
2,488
867
1,387
235
2,396
902
422
493
295
61
222
2006
269,361
80,604
85,697
4,573
460
2,947
547
12,592
19,275
2,699
8,798
2,303
1,196
5,086
5,863
14,992
4,365
28,401
22,715
19,766
4,177
1,147
141
436
6,872
6,030
779
184
32,177
2,998
1,105
1,615
278
2,657
1,012
498
620
239
60
229
2007
292,039
85,305
96,408
5,363
523
2,989
608
12,398
22,841
4,410
9,935
2,444
1,321
5,690
5,676
16,998
5,211
23,101
30,097
19,770
5,235
1,682
145
497
4,578
6,633
777
222
37,358
3,889
1,427
2,106
357
3,226
1,228
602
677
337
65
316
2008
309,854
79,392
101,351
5,384
608
3,710
670
12,817
24,151
4,039
10,000
2,649
1,845
6,355
5,808
17,078
6,238
23,794
40,852
20,454
5,924
1,994
189
639
4,613
6,073
763
259
44,012
4,718
1,653
2,582
483
4,272
1,573
765
1,064
404
71
394
2009
320,449
91,013
91,127
4,760
501
2,957
637
11,518
20,490
4,592
9,670
1,993
1,461
6,056
5,171
15,882
5,440
28,525
51,006
19,307
5,889
1,859
153
559
4,015
5,802
787
242
39,471
3,803
1,466
2,143
194
3,981
1,677
656
864
352
70
361
2010
345,994
91,903
90,418
4,969
558
3,157
637
11,324
19,546
5,035
9,379
1,958
1,627
6,152
5,687
14,744
5,645
30,015
63,316
25,044
7,531
2,356
152
555
6,510
6,813
851
276
45,299
4,309
1,784
2,282
242
4,211
1,728
740
949
335
73
385
Appendix table 6-16

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
8,465
843
5,328
121
228
16
1,390
164
223
151
686
10
244
400
32
3,657
877
1,892
43
187
658
314
115
192
1
5
1991
8,008
1,027
4,360
153
258
25
1,595
186
239
164
774
9
165
569
32
3,869
911
1,967
43
168
779
337
112
216
1
8
1992
9,437
1,156
5,034
228
368
29
1,940
231
265
186
796
9
175
585
27
3,983
905
1,923
42
250
863
393
116
262
1
14
1993
10,767
1,156
5,907
238
369
46
2,360
190
272
229
381
5
4
357
16
4,027
883
1,949
48
247
898
467
144
303
1
19
1994
10,362
532
5,891
233
514
43
2,385
177
196
392
371
6
3
339
23
4,170
1,001
1,756
64
237
1,113
490
166
300
2
23
1995
10,330
528
6,212
282
645
35
1,891
223
267
247
981
7
577
372
24
4,530
1,082
1,760
59
337
1,291
541
200
309
3
29
1996
9,961
546
5,468
265
686
28
2,283
200
204
280
1,132
5
685
425
16
4,698
1,128
1,767
64
431
1,308
583
225
321
4
33
1997
10,670
771
5,597
197
730
33
2,698
225
183
235
1,244
11
752
465
16
3,807
1,128
1,499
62
259
861
485
156
290
4
34
1998
10,878
677
5,520
247
702
37
3,093
208
213
181
1,248
12
767
453
16
3,505
957
1,234
43
291
981
509
184
286
5
34
1999
10,053
631
4,218
203
593
40
3,776
185
202
205
682
13
196
458
14
3,925
1,001
1,531
42
304
1,048
495
166
280
5
45
Appendix table 6-16

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
10,483
555
4,006
217
584
45
4,353
180
251
292
643
12
134
485
12
3,976
892
1,765
40
327
952
548
178
295
4
72
2001
10,115
604
3,134
184
633
52
4,906
159
253
190
617
15
151
442
10
4,496
876
2,202
41
325
1,052
521
174
270
4
73
2002
10,032
211
2,998
180
615
54
5,420
189
173
192
614
15
163
425
12
5,229
854
2,671
49
407
1,248
612
205
316
4
87
2003
10,127
286
3,282
172
560
58
5,240
196
160
174
837
20
182
621
14
6,251
1,016
3,264
56
463
1,452
740
235
407
5
93
2004
11,174
332
3,869
234
733
64
5,381
165
214
183
1,055
22
225
791
18
6,505
1,170
3,165
65
545
1,560
909
255
508
6
141
2005
13,552
385
5,524
282
771
65
5,847
195
260
223
1,197
22
261
896
18
7,066
1,408
3,293
73
578
1,714
1,024
265
600
8
152
2006
15,689
428
6,935
312
876
73
6,269
259
311
226
1,267
26
279
944
18
8,505
1,521
4,140
69
775
2,001
1,061
282
553
52
174
2007
17,877
501
8,114
341
1,104
83
6,799
312
374
249
1,433
28
319
1,064
21
9,736
1,725
4,549
81
787
2,594
1,197
323
612
58
203
2008
20,926
598
10,535
335
1,226
91
6,920
374
524
321
1,509
31
398
1,057
23
11,207
1,951
5,336
74
788
3,058
1,381
403
635
72
271
2009
18,435
548
9,543
308
1,062
84
5,785
350
459
296
1,455
29
296
1,109
23
10,421
2,140
3,705
135
753
3,688
1,376
451
578
68
279
2010
21,341
635
11,683
370
1,240
99
6,303
353
323
337
1,864
30
371
1,439
23
12,057
2,597
4,215
154
1,071
4,020
1,516
508
626
78
303
EU = European Union
Appendix table 6-17

Value added of semiconductors, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
113,130
26,549
25,707
747
53
297
596
3,759
6,541
137
4,392
1,225
286
1,446
822
3,745
1,659
40,537
3,712
9,451
250
74
1,203
215
992
3,364
3,073
280
7,173
44
38
2
3
513
2
5
427
29
21
28
1991
122,538
27,507
26,254
720
75
293
353
3,617
7,792
143
4,430
1,170
206
1,340
836
3,662
1,618
46,271
3,966
11,308
186
89
1,633
282
1,511
3,149
3,315
1,141
7,233
36
31
3
2
564
1
11
473
24
24
31
1992
125,941
29,578
26,922
726
67
313
428
3,896
8,071
132
4,560
1,191
155
1,266
818
3,627
1,672
44,531
4,055
13,520
190
166
2,226
280
1,696
3,440
3,551
1,971
7,334
68
50
3
15
498
2
10
395
22
26
42
1993
130,549
31,146
23,883
752
49
258
481
3,699
6,828
154
3,597
1,063
162
1,100
728
3,362
1,651
48,811
4,705
14,352
165
142
2,743
281
1,835
4,186
4,529
471
7,653
475
445
17
12
489
3
9
391
16
26
44
1994
147,903
37,176
25,630
805
52
314
735
3,726
7,265
174
3,552
1,089
203
1,074
898
4,021
1,724
54,161
4,379
18,456
226
199
3,482
348
2,680
6,092
4,881
547
8,101
486
455
15
16
512
5
5
403
19
27
53
1995
174,061
43,641
28,765
940
85
404
1,161
4,577
7,261
246
3,505
1,188
285
1,127
1,264
4,741
1,982
61,839
5,787
25,674
297
318
4,266
494
3,925
8,974
6,667
733
8,354
579
545
19
15
617
4
3
502
21
29
59
1996
172,223
44,444
29,538
919
134
421
1,264
4,687
6,745
353
3,911
953
303
1,237
1,693
4,951
1,967
55,780
6,292
27,439
241
496
5,352
957
3,755
8,321
7,396
920
8,731
513
484
15
15
762
3
3
639
21
34
61
1997
175,459
50,550
29,925
904
146
410
1,551
4,389
6,292
752
3,836
846
316
1,081
1,827
5,829
1,745
52,117
7,884
26,612
274
781
5,225
1,042
3,624
6,739
8,239
688
8,372
510
473
21
16
800
3
4
668
23
37
65
1998
161,887
47,592
31,039
798
176
416
2,232
4,577
6,501
756
3,588
830
357
1,073
1,911
5,952
1,871
44,798
6,341
23,831
289
180
4,126
1,211
2,392
6,367
8,755
510
8,287
309
264
31
13
842
4
3
706
24
35
71
1999
183,236
48,794
33,033
848
190
461
2,691
4,649
7,052
1,403
3,274
962
382
1,032
1,887
6,318
1,883
52,545
7,427
31,755
257
425
5,307
1,310
2,971
9,288
11,664
533
9,681
191
159
22
10
1,007
4
2
857
30
37
76
Appendix table 6-17

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
219,213
58,340
33,247
863
197
373
2,975
4,904
7,221
1,309
3,266
1,247
286
954
1,478
6,199
1,976
62,721
9,864
43,019
351
1,205
4,962
1,455
5,868
12,086
16,424
667
12,023
366
320
24
21
2,431
3
3
2,254
52
41
79
2001
161,735
41,531
27,487
713
207
357
2,513
4,105
5,489
1,252
3,360
694
360
945
799
4,601
2,093
40,801
10,440
31,975
378
508
4,279
1,105
3,494
9,283
12,304
625
9,501
428
376
17
35
1,617
3
4
1,440
32
42
97
2002
166,193
41,134
27,774
710
269
440
3,118
4,265
6,147
996
3,360
455
309
784
1,013
3,785
2,123
38,585
9,505
38,081
398
1,032
3,903
1,331
3,468
11,137
15,671
1,141
11,114
3,363
3,307
19
37
1,109
29
10
885
31
44
110
2003
186,954
42,538
31,899
832
343
415
3,686
4,358
8,126
989
4,448
528
320
898
840
3,517
2,600
48,069
9,961
45,103
425
1,045
4,563
825
4,053
13,053
19,812
1,327
9,383
1,010
959
19
32
1,324
25
16
1,052
42
49
140
2004
224,884
48,284
38,113
851
393
390
3,856
4,982
10,049
1,178
5,075
594
325
957
2,423
3,974
3,066
54,259
14,173
57,269
420
1,178
4,426
968
5,353
18,795
24,645
1,484
12,786
3,675
3,596
24
56
1,212
29
13
910
51
54
155
2005
237,856
54,240
37,477
847
475
396
3,923
4,603
9,554
1,097
5,128
640
394
984
2,342
3,801
3,294
52,340
18,725
60,805
558
893
3,596
880
5,492
20,454
27,299
1,634
14,269
4,274
4,192
23
60
1,326
35
11
992
54
62
171
2006
265,493
59,560
40,167
892
599
425
4,303
4,467
10,457
1,587
5,160
510
473
1,117
2,546
3,977
3,652
53,310
25,685
69,968
593
1,193
4,249
1,026
6,978
22,992
32,289
648
16,803
5,391
5,291
26
73
1,566
39
13
1,218
51
56
189
2007
277,233
57,099
46,007
909
665
569
5,510
4,891
13,115
1,384
5,899
589
508
1,384
2,667
4,609
3,308
54,573
31,231
72,487
717
1,782
4,349
1,040
7,458
24,332
32,022
788
15,836
3,141
3,028
17
95
1,706
48
16
1,316
45
61
219
2008
285,130
57,416
44,887
885
777
626
5,026
4,853
12,234
1,406
5,956
537
717
1,507
2,733
3,604
4,025
54,867
42,258
68,563
757
2,109
4,011
1,129
6,502
21,395
31,795
866
17,140
3,428
3,282
24
122
2,165
61
21
1,701
43
66
273
2009
244,527
52,139
33,994
764
578
725
2,330
3,667
10,426
1,260
4,134
492
480
1,119
2,198
2,723
3,098
43,059
41,784
60,738
686
1,994
2,821
882
5,652
20,740
27,225
738
12,813
2,107
2,042
12
53
2,316
65
18
1,904
40
66
224
2010
311,986
60,142
36,082
727
631
717
2,213
3,571
10,693
1,163
5,299
524
720
1,190
2,431
2,957
3,248
69,045
51,391
80,908
851
2,534
3,612
1,152
9,463
22,605
39,665
1,026
14,417
2,471
2,382
20
69
2,375
67
20
1,910
37
66
275
Appendix table 6-17

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
2,153
20
1,130
4
1
9
911
0
61
16
27
11
9
6
0
4,419
186
2,256
38
136
1,803
17
8
3
1
4
1991
2,068
28
940
3
1
10
1,002
0
69
14
279
12
257
10
1
4,272
194
2,256
42
153
1,627
14
3
5
1
5
1992
2,293
34
980
4
1
15
1,162
0
79
18
180
13
156
11
0
4,280
196
2,257
41
152
1,634
16
4
4
2
6
1993
2,474
21
1,108
4
1
12
1,242
0
67
17
21
8
8
5
0
4,172
199
2,119
47
142
1,665
23
4
5
4
10
1994
2,554
27
1,045
3
2
14
1,410
0
42
12
36
12
18
6
0
4,487
231
2,152
58
155
1,890
26
4
6
4
13
1995
2,136
23
1,010
3
2
14
1,008
0
61
14
30
15
8
6
0
4,960
245
2,450
64
200
2,001
31
5
7
5
15
1996
2,441
20
1,108
3
2
14
1,189
0
90
15
34
16
3
15
0
4,941
283
2,517
74
219
1,848
40
5
10
4
22
1997
2,801
22
1,009
4
2
17
1,669
0
69
10
34
15
3
16
0
4,178
259
2,726
69
221
902
48
10
9
4
26
1998
2,955
16
760
4
2
13
2,043
0
111
7
35
15
3
17
0
4,082
212
2,657
53
215
944
64
19
9
7
29
1999
3,199
16
560
3
2
11
2,495
0
105
6
34
19
1
14
0
5,187
225
3,705
56
269
931
64
13
8
10
33
Appendix table 6-17

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
3,845
18
658
3
2
10
3,018
0
130
6
30
14
1
15
0
5,314
191
3,975
52
263
833
37
14
5
8
10
2001
3,799
7
526
1
2
11
3,114
0
131
6
26
14
1
12
0
3,591
162
2,284
55
217
872
39
14
5
8
13
2002
3,216
4
495
2
2
10
2,609
0
90
4
28
15
1
12
0
3,356
215
1,953
59
217
911
43
13
6
9
15
2003
2,963
6
380
2
2
11
2,476
0
83
4
38
18
1
19
0
3,999
251
2,374
79
234
1,060
50
14
7
10
19
2004
3,119
8
523
2
2
13
2,455
1
111
5
47
22
1
23
0
4,672
336
2,785
96
257
1,198
61
15
9
12
25
2005
3,373
11
504
2
2
14
2,700
1
135
5
54
26
1
26
0
5,167
384
3,179
106
309
1,188
74
17
11
15
31
2006
4,175
12
936
0
3
15
3,041
1
161
5
55
26
1
28
1
5,553
409
3,454
96
341
1,253
63
19
2
3
39
2007
4,712
13
1,140
1
3
18
3,337
1
194
6
54
20
1
31
1
6,151
495
3,737
92
439
1,387
72
21
2
3
46
2008
4,906
14
1,239
1
4
19
3,349
2
272
7
54
22
2
29
1
6,500
543
3,774
89
469
1,624
87
25
2
4
57
2009
3,801
12
911
0
3
18
2,611
1
238
6
52
21
1
29
1
4,443
529
2,077
77
445
1,315
95
28
2
4
61
2010
4,234
13
1,103
1
4
20
2,923
2
161
6
54
22
1
30
1
5,179
632
2,591
85
456
1,415
105
30
2
4
68
EU = European Union
Appendix table 6-18

Value added of medical, precision, and optical equipment, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
100,050
34,723
40,374
387
38
578
409
7,426
14,275
432
5,947
1,047
350
1,093
1,119
5,865
1,409
14,629
1,518
2,090
165
10
97
11
200
1,004
544
58
6,716
177
58
87
33
206
48
14
125
9
3
6
1991
105,471
36,468
41,303
373
49
604
371
7,311
14,967
483
5,921
1,058
259
1,145
1,171
6,460
1,131
16,834
1,577
2,409
165
12
163
13
248
1,080
600
126
6,880
155
46
94
15
220
23
22
156
10
3
6
1992
107,484
36,266
44,138
376
59
690
348
7,711
17,446
575
5,310
1,187
222
1,295
1,171
6,549
1,200
16,057
1,870
2,642
154
30
162
18
305
1,163
664
146
6,510
213
76
80
57
123
9
35
60
9
3
7
1993
106,059
37,028
39,124
390
122
702
307
7,168
15,142
621
4,165
1,119
227
991
1,149
5,861
1,162
16,418
2,933
2,711
182
19
185
39
362
1,336
557
31
7,844
877
722
107
48
208
11
33
147
8
3
6
1994
107,111
36,134
40,001
417
131
794
404
7,010
15,186
613
4,242
1,072
270
921
1,405
6,301
1,234
16,248
2,199
3,469
205
53
235
37
400
1,808
600
132
9,061
984
846
78
60
239
24
35
161
9
4
6
1995
115,617
35,966
45,248
487
213
898
557
8,470
16,554
703
4,590
1,433
391
1,050
1,778
6,761
1,363
17,601
2,125
4,007
283
73
286
38
495
2,128
540
164
10,669
706
567
93
46
1,373
2
41
1,308
10
4
8
1996
118,455
36,961
47,386
490
292
935
599
8,252
16,910
917
5,436
1,503
521
1,136
2,026
6,973
1,395
15,854
2,556
4,534
270
109
250
188
543
2,140
563
470
11,164
890
782
57
51
1,519
22
44
1,430
12
4
7
1997
117,596
37,353
44,947
430
317
848
606
7,651
15,035
895
5,077
1,303
539
1,097
1,894
7,954
1,303
15,016
2,624
4,347
206
81
283
197
566
2,053
578
383
13,309
738
597
77
63
1,746
25
43
1,651
14
5
9
1998
116,978
37,320
46,272
409
325
932
638
7,654
15,249
1,020
5,264
1,360
627
1,106
2,079
8,222
1,384
13,858
2,651
3,190
349
52
250
165
527
1,257
491
98
13,687
517
363
108
46
1,866
16
39
1,784
12
5
10
1999
114,925
32,638
46,879
360
332
954
680
7,646
15,314
1,286
5,283
1,411
792
1,211
2,017
8,311
1,282
15,169
2,747
3,851
391
130
209
341
629
1,545
494
111
13,640
437
271
128
39
2,121
10
38
2,044
13
5
11
Appendix table 6-18

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
121,701
38,077
45,581
354
279
1,043
661
7,452
15,580
1,528
4,724
1,366
670
1,151
1,463
8,115
1,194
15,960
3,299
4,396
357
138
334
368
734
1,854
497
116
14,387
467
196
236
36
2,521
14
42
2,440
7
5
13
2001
116,671
34,981
45,806
340
291
1,195
708
7,382
15,356
1,835
5,097
1,438
711
1,215
787
8,107
1,346
13,932
3,556
4,003
420
43
365
156
744
1,656
512
109
14,392
746
596
106
44
2,423
16
65
2,319
4
5
14
2002
122,524
38,656
48,425
368
345
1,049
695
7,559
15,961
2,375
6,113
1,446
674
1,114
1,001
8,130
1,596
11,884
3,909
4,378
387
11
326
165
809
1,892
589
199
15,271
791
622
117
51
2,315
64
79
2,142
7
6
17
2003
143,004
42,799
58,361
476
455
1,408
865
8,720
20,434
2,932
5,807
1,904
710
1,415
2,292
8,914
2,029
12,827
6,328
5,001
504
18
323
186
866
2,088
785
231
17,688
1,405
1,223
116
66
2,391
54
97
2,205
9
6
20
2004
167,838
52,337
65,960
579
541
1,535
856
10,407
23,166
2,637
6,754
2,040
781
1,552
2,463
10,260
2,387
15,394
8,180
5,586
599
31
377
217
795
2,560
750
258
20,381
2,086
1,855
145
86
2,445
63
127
2,220
10
7
18
2005
185,614
61,431
69,508
622
595
1,653
994
9,843
24,911
3,267
7,300
2,220
958
1,639
2,626
10,269
2,610
14,975
10,382
6,615
707
72
362
354
957
3,166
712
284
22,703
2,388
2,154
138
95
2,519
77
121
2,269
19
8
25
2006
207,171
68,333
75,084
686
688
1,871
1,062
10,320
27,672
3,078
8,295
2,251
1,064
1,834
2,797
10,705
2,761
15,725
14,131
7,865
753
234
506
428
1,085
3,674
901
284
26,034
2,943
2,662
161
120
3,099
86
143
2,653
35
157
25
2007
234,055
72,738
87,952
782
855
2,094
1,213
11,794
32,231
3,962
9,688
2,529
1,340
2,357
3,055
12,427
3,627
15,524
17,915
9,070
909
348
602
519
1,222
4,261
844
365
30,856
4,006
3,637
206
163
3,703
104
173
3,190
34
172
29
2008
252,272
76,007
90,401
829
1,020
2,485
1,325
11,457
33,758
4,025
9,665
2,773
1,852
2,757
2,834
11,853
3,768
17,866
23,055
8,686
960
449
599
662
1,184
3,649
829
354
36,256
4,475
3,982
279
214
5,016
134
220
4,406
34
186
36
2009
241,312
87,865
76,447
716
936
2,879
1,092
9,964
27,003
3,606
8,503
2,476
1,427
2,260
2,157
9,970
3,459
15,136
24,414
8,442
870
442
836
551
1,134
3,633
668
308
29,008
2,644
2,301
247
96
4,388
143
188
3,811
31
185
30
2010
275,465
95,644
83,775
712
926
2,960
1,089
11,610
32,125
3,469
8,299
2,461
1,720
2,177
2,479
10,367
3,382
20,329
30,922
10,400
1,124
581
847
648
1,259
4,671
849
421
34,395
3,812
3,357
328
127
4,977
152
216
4,353
30
193
33
Appendix table 6-18

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
1,945
112
1,343
9
70
6
321
19
37
28
165
2
1
160
2
4,210
685
990
16
178
2,341
13
1
11
0
1
1991
1,831
138
1,098
12
71
4
390
16
64
38
118
1
0
115
2
4,544
718
870
17
200
2,739
13
1
11
0
1
1992
1,727
121
1,021
15
67
5
399
18
57
23
154
1
0
151
2
4,279
761
817
17
232
2,453
14
0
11
0
2
1993
2,153
202
1,175
19
62
13
595
16
44
25
110
0
0
108
2
4,479
755
789
20
234
2,682
18
0
14
0
3
1994
2,159
138
1,247
25
64
20
490
35
112
29
117
0
0
115
2
5,544
907
847
24
263
3,502
19
1
14
0
4
1995
2,031
141
1,282
29
79
20
366
17
74
24
124
0
0
121
3
6,414
961
903
27
336
4,188
21
1
15
1
5
1996
2,158
114
1,356
28
84
12
483
14
43
25
118
0
0
116
2
6,456
1,125
1,003
31
345
3,953
23
0
15
1
7
1997
2,372
181
1,330
33
115
4
608
14
66
21
116
1
0
113
2
8,317
1,021
1,120
29
366
5,782
21
1
13
1
6
1998
2,627
202
1,309
25
112
3
857
13
89
17
85
1
0
83
1
8,569
832
1,181
22
408
6,125
24
0
13
1
9
1999
2,249
171
965
16
90
3
896
8
84
16
90
2
0
87
1
8,720
896
1,295
23
481
6,025
23
0
13
1
10
Appendix table 6-18

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
2,901
161
1,202
18
29
4
1,363
3
105
16
86
5
0
80
1
8,358
760
1,564
22
381
5,632
54
0
30
1
23
2001
2,497
130
973
28
34
3
1,206
5
105
14
75
5
0
69
1
8,598
646
1,574
23
379
5,977
53
0
28
0
24
2002
2,471
53
908
26
35
3
1,360
2
72
11
107
6
0
100
0
9,528
684
1,636
25
522
6,661
59
0
33
0
25
2003
2,247
83
898
29
35
2
1,124
0
66
9
156
7
0
149
1
11,412
935
1,951
34
599
7,892
77
1
42
0
34
2004
2,587
103
1,182
33
42
2
1,124
0
89
12
187
7
0
180
1
12,977
1,011
2,263
42
655
9,006
100
1
52
0
47
2005
3,098
124
1,669
37
49
2
1,094
0
108
14
209
7
0
202
1
14,382
1,224
2,545
46
789
9,777
108
1
62
1
45
2006
3,598
133
2,013
35
56
2
1,216
0
129
13
253
6
0
246
1
16,006
1,303
2,773
42
920
10,969
135
1
71
9
53
2007
4,344
170
2,612
38
70
3
1,281
0
156
15
286
8
0
278
1
18,364
1,577
2,997
64
1,109
12,616
152
1
79
10
62
2008
5,079
185
3,242
37
78
3
1,297
0
218
19
249
9
0
240
1
21,233
1,729
3,024
62
1,184
15,233
205
1
82
12
111
2009
4,518
161
2,807
34
67
3
1,237
0
191
17
273
8
0
264
1
16,960
1,451
2,349
39
1,122
11,998
225
1
75
11
138
2010
5,803
189
3,936
41
80
3
1,398
0
137
19
335
9
0
326
1
19,211
1,784
2,354
44
1,246
13,783
257
1
82
13
161
EU = European Union
Appendix table 6-19

Value added of medical and measuring equipment, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
64,563
26,487
25,313
178
15
491
400
5,316
7,342
304
3,599
683
135
577
1,022
4,492
759
6,908
488
833
37
7
51
4
131
461
131
12
4,535
124
50
49
25
156
23
11
110
5
3
4
1991
67,466
27,845
25,673
171
20
521
361
5,260
7,837
340
3,363
730
100
561
1,066
4,835
508
8,121
506
715
19
10
70
6
177
269
139
26
4,606
94
40
43
12
177
11
17
136
6
3
4
1992
69,363
28,076
27,885
173
24
604
337
5,609
9,472
405
3,091
856
86
669
1,090
4,988
483
7,615
628
846
37
16
79
9
216
309
150
30
4,313
178
66
69
43
100
5
30
52
5
3
5
1993
68,409
28,382
24,951
179
49
610
297
5,190
8,116
437
2,533
785
87
569
1,049
4,571
480
7,644
1,162
897
52
7
85
15
273
327
133
6
5,372
755
630
90
36
176
6
29
128
5
3
4
1994
69,599
27,624
26,032
192
53
690
396
4,938
8,676
432
2,696
751
104
474
1,286
4,777
567
7,877
758
1,161
51
21
95
11
310
495
151
27
6,147
871
756
68
46
206
21
31
141
5
4
4
1995
75,642
27,969
29,309
224
85
780
545
5,660
9,497
495
2,940
1,005
150
474
1,629
5,190
634
8,909
730
1,583
64
16
117
10
394
802
147
33
7,142
594
478
80
36
1,199
2
39
1,143
5
4
5
1996
78,196
30,509
28,934
201
117
813
588
4,426
9,209
645
3,370
1,055
199
458
1,855
5,385
612
8,507
938
1,763
50
30
106
50
437
868
161
62
7,544
790
702
49
39
1,318
19
42
1,241
7
4
5
1997
78,968
31,318
27,945
173
127
737
597
3,939
8,455
630
3,352
915
216
541
1,735
5,993
535
8,136
972
1,828
108
21
95
53
458
878
165
51
8,769
616
503
66
47
1,513
22
41
1,431
8
5
6
1998
80,843
31,746
29,619
235
130
810
631
4,137
9,168
718
3,462
955
256
547
1,904
6,052
615
7,979
1,001
1,560
183
14
85
44
439
642
140
13
8,938
476
337
106
34
1,604
14
38
1,535
6
5
6
1999
79,142
28,136
30,011
209
133
829
672
4,007
9,247
905
3,438
991
294
671
1,847
6,249
521
8,876
1,067
2,037
279
24
98
91
528
862
141
15
9,016
375
249
100
27
1,880
9
36
1,812
9
5
9
Appendix table 6-19

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
85,729
32,980
29,584
222
112
907
655
3,790
9,923
1,075
3,051
959
268
750
1,340
6,068
463
9,723
1,212
2,377
232
30
161
98
611
1,087
142
15
9,853
411
168
215
27
2,178
12
40
2,107
4
5
10
2001
82,506
30,216
29,482
227
117
1,038
703
3,753
9,870
1,291
3,089
1,009
281
829
720
6,094
460
9,218
1,366
2,411
300
35
221
42
637
1,014
146
14
9,814
648
512
97
39
2,146
14
62
2,051
2
5
11
2002
86,708
32,895
31,460
269
138
912
691
3,871
10,366
1,671
3,937
1,015
271
713
916
6,037
654
7,994
1,489
2,553
302
5
189
44
699
1,120
168
26
10,316
701
548
107
46
2,014
20
73
1,895
6
6
14
2003
100,583
35,418
38,825
342
182
1,224
859
4,474
13,633
2,064
3,777
1,337
296
929
2,099
6,773
836
8,924
2,747
2,850
411
11
192
50
742
1,189
224
31
11,820
1,195
1,029
106
60
2,088
17
90
1,950
8
6
16
2004
118,715
42,911
43,817
416
217
1,334
850
5,132
15,767
1,856
4,236
1,432
328
1,041
2,256
7,829
1,124
11,178
3,620
3,120
443
27
223
58
654
1,466
215
34
14,069
1,843
1,634
132
77
2,208
19
108
2,048
10
7
16
2005
129,813
47,677
46,844
492
238
1,437
988
5,014
17,282
2,299
4,444
1,558
399
1,101
2,405
7,911
1,275
11,270
4,887
3,650
507
30
213
95
799
1,765
204
38
15,485
2,085
1,873
126
86
2,223
24
105
2,048
19
8
20
2006
145,611
54,207
50,367
602
275
1,626
1,056
5,458
19,010
2,166
4,865
1,580
434
1,245
2,562
8,137
1,351
11,454
7,008
4,293
540
124
277
114
903
2,048
258
29
18,282
2,604
2,349
147
108
2,816
27
123
2,456
34
157
20
2007
165,276
57,702
59,572
732
346
1,825
1,206
6,568
22,434
2,806
5,578
1,785
553
1,598
2,803
9,552
1,784
11,495
9,581
5,045
652
185
325
139
1,059
2,405
241
39
21,881
3,574
3,247
181
147
3,358
32
149
2,949
34
172
22
2008
179,722
61,009
61,540
780
419
2,168
1,318
6,760
23,659
2,851
5,583
1,960
779
1,870
2,607
8,917
1,870
13,237
13,415
4,807
688
238
325
177
1,038
2,066
237
38
25,713
4,080
3,639
249
193
4,502
41
190
4,023
34
186
28
2009
172,074
67,615
51,731
674
388
2,512
1,086
5,238
19,292
2,554
4,893
1,738
634
1,530
1,987
7,576
1,627
11,235
15,543
4,889
624
234
607
147
994
2,057
191
34
21,061
2,456
2,141
229
87
3,952
44
163
3,506
31
185
24
2010
196,521
75,374
54,210
671
388
2,587
1,084
5,823
20,522
2,465
4,891
1,728
770
1,476
2,287
7,926
1,594
15,311
20,057
6,020
807
307
605
174
1,102
2,737
246
42
25,550
3,531
3,115
302
114
4,507
47
186
4,024
30
193
26
Appendix table 6-19

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
1,475
89
1,000
6
61
0
252
13
34
18
140
2
0
137
1
2,628
228
844
10
121
1,424
12
0
11
0
1
1991
1,403
109
818
9
63
0
307
13
58
26
100
1
0
98
1
2,819
259
747
11
137
1,665
12
0
11
0
1
1992
1,307
96
761
11
54
0
305
14
50
16
131
1
0
129
1
2,584
238
700
11
157
1,478
13
0
11
0
2
1993
1,624
160
876
15
51
1
454
10
42
16
93
0
0
92
1
2,708
236
677
12
171
1,611
16
0
14
0
2
1994
1,617
109
929
20
51
1
358
19
109
19
100
0
0
98
1
3,338
284
727
15
197
2,116
17
0
14
0
3
1995
1,539
112
955
22
63
1
292
9
69
15
105
0
0
103
1
3,687
300
580
17
252
2,538
18
0
15
0
3
1996
1,627
90
1,010
22
66
1
381
9
32
16
96
0
0
94
1
3,694
351
652
19
260
2,411
19
0
14
0
4
1997
1,814
143
978
27
91
0
502
9
50
13
94
1
0
92
1
4,714
319
658
18
273
3,446
17
0
13
0
4
1998
1,947
160
972
18
92
0
618
8
67
10
69
1
0
68
1
4,823
260
742
14
304
3,503
19
0
13
0
6
1999
1,682
136
722
12
72
0
662
5
64
10
73
2
0
71
1
4,987
280
757
15
359
3,576
19
0
12
0
6
Appendix table 6-19

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
2,079
128
921
13
23
0
903
2
79
10
70
4
0
65
0
5,070
237
998
14
284
3,536
45
0
30
0
15
2001
1,816
103
725
20
27
0
849
3
79
8
61
4
0
57
0
5,099
202
968
15
283
3,632
44
0
27
0
16
2002
1,817
42
709
17
28
0
957
2
54
6
88
6
0
82
0
5,648
214
1,105
16
390
3,924
50
0
32
0
17
2003
1,651
66
690
20
30
0
791
0
50
5
128
6
0
121
0
6,693
292
1,275
16
343
4,766
65
0
41
0
23
2004
1,961
81
955
23
37
0
791
0
67
6
153
6
0
147
0
7,820
319
1,517
28
495
5,461
84
0
52
0
32
2005
2,404
98
1,381
24
41
0
770
0
82
8
171
6
0
165
0
8,510
386
1,644
30
596
5,853
92
0
61
0
30
2006
2,802
106
1,665
25
46
0
856
0
98
7
207
6
0
201
0
9,745
411
2,026
28
695
6,585
108
0
71
0
36
2007
3,402
134
2,149
27
58
0
907
0
118
8
234
7
0
227
0
11,191
498
2,160
43
840
7,650
121
1
78
0
42
2008
4,011
146
2,681
27
65
0
917
0
165
10
207
8
0
199
0
12,757
546
2,241
41
897
9,032
157
1
81
0
75
2009
3,561
128
2,325
25
56
0
874
0
144
9
223
7
0
215
0
10,700
902
1,789
26
851
7,133
168
1
74
0
94
2010
4,682
150
3,332
30
67
0
989
0
104
11
276
8
0
267
0
12,363
1,112
1,740
29
945
8,537
191
1
81
0
109
EU = European Union
Appendix table 6-20

Value added of communications equipment, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
86,249
17,933
15,394
442
25
189
315
1,561
2,666
81
3,359
1,106
186
1,282
593
2,148
1,441
31,307
4,094
7,151
504
197
495
186
639
2,934
1,854
341
10,369
912
29
865
18
907
40
51
791
3
0
24
1991
93,274
19,114
15,608
426
35
169
147
1,532
3,675
84
3,332
1,039
134
1,060
609
2,033
1,335
35,486
4,209
8,578
490
247
671
244
976
2,569
1,993
1,389
10,279
1,106
23
1,071
12
1,060
31
112
888
2
0
26
1992
94,936
20,725
15,305
429
31
179
200
1,623
3,539
66
3,305
1,059
101
794
578
2,066
1,334
33,549
4,616
10,631
522
468
912
243
1,107
2,764
2,169
2,446
10,111
1,240
37
1,110
92
924
38
113
745
2
0
26
1993
98,121
21,621
13,895
445
23
142
265
1,646
2,873
93
2,751
952
106
789
521
1,981
1,310
36,826
5,501
9,826
459
376
1,119
243
1,374
3,465
2,203
588
10,453
1,706
333
1,296
77
895
36
97
735
2
0
26
1994
109,592
26,911
15,105
476
25
177
465
1,598
3,161
101
2,651
974
132
801
675
2,461
1,410
39,745
4,326
12,718
730
545
1,424
301
1,413
5,213
2,506
585
10,787
1,223
326
798
99
906
42
53
776
2
0
33
1995
128,578
33,109
16,790
556
40
230
782
2,084
3,016
149
2,328
1,058
182
744
967
3,046
1,608
45,327
5,289
16,771
679
860
1,745
430
1,542
7,734
3,032
750
11,293
1,342
407
840
95
990
57
53
842
2
0
36
1996
129,092
34,911
17,054
525
69
250
862
2,166
2,678
210
2,336
836
183
829
1,340
3,199
1,570
40,962
5,843
17,996
605
1,343
2,204
833
1,195
6,795
4,049
973
12,325
1,282
327
864
91
1,207
55
85
1,030
2
0
34
1997
133,720
40,659
18,346
580
83
262
1,150
2,019
2,776
588
2,453
747
207
704
1,508
3,911
1,356
38,050
6,826
17,694
698
2,265
2,145
906
1,101
5,458
4,440
681
12,146
1,026
322
607
98
1,524
54
111
1,323
2
0
34
1998
123,279
38,839
18,979
447
104
248
1,796
2,257
2,625
563
2,239
734
240
642
1,576
4,070
1,436
32,818
6,463
14,968
775
535
1,700
1,002
670
5,437
4,335
514
11,212
937
180
674
83
1,705
52
83
1,527
2
0
41
1999
138,546
39,807
21,061
521
104
294
2,307
2,248
3,208
1,254
2,014
854
288
596
1,569
4,352
1,453
39,493
7,726
18,458
617
612
2,193
1,123
826
7,819
4,748
519
12,000
1,043
113
871
59
1,773
48
100
1,587
1
0
38
Appendix table 6-20

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
164,168
48,937
22,027
577
113
173
2,603
2,770
3,690
1,086
2,118
1,118
191
544
1,121
4,359
1,564
48,781
9,793
20,904
502
556
2,062
1,248
624
10,038
5,258
616
13,727
1,003
133
825
45
1,981
45
124
1,771
1
0
39
2001
117,195
32,012
17,024
405
116
149
2,122
2,091
2,319
917
2,331
607
252
515
599
2,911
1,690
30,409
10,912
16,016
454
368
1,283
959
532
7,630
4,213
577
10,822
1,264
156
1,011
97
1,145
39
112
952
1
0
41
2002
122,085
30,168
17,122
410
186
162
2,756
2,355
2,786
736
2,204
375
216
332
765
2,152
1,686
29,217
14,457
20,188
629
496
1,763
1,156
434
9,249
5,407
1,053
10,932
2,583
1,373
1,119
90
1,189
73
164
905
3
0
44
2003
136,272
31,094
19,274
478
221
173
3,253
2,187
4,031
579
3,066
438
183
340
471
1,838
2,017
36,843
16,805
22,301
616
786
1,888
671
222
10,830
6,063
1,225
9,955
1,627
398
1,106
123
1,105
61
134
860
0
0
50
2004
162,596
35,536
23,144
469
230
137
3,354
2,454
5,213
667
3,280
492
170
333
1,951
2,109
2,283
40,984
21,047
28,109
659
815
2,344
784
576
15,920
5,640
1,370
13,777
3,018
1,493
1,381
144
1,407
71
204
1,074
0
0
58
2005
170,833
40,067
22,626
462
293
159
3,303
2,174
4,760
846
3,238
534
192
362
1,893
1,913
2,497
38,344
24,772
29,673
820
705
1,618
703
1,250
17,126
5,943
1,508
15,351
3,215
1,740
1,320
155
1,580
87
154
1,267
1
0
71
2006
185,684
41,684
23,757
485
379
127
3,611
2,091
4,891
1,374
3,025
401
226
360
2,054
1,975
2,756
39,293
30,330
33,369
873
812
1,359
880
1,058
19,043
6,859
2,485
17,252
3,923
2,197
1,537
189
1,684
97
182
1,322
0
0
83
2007
192,566
38,374
27,934
486
396
163
4,697
2,192
7,660
1,139
3,390
449
211
470
2,091
2,440
2,150
40,446
33,440
34,721
1,054
1,212
1,108
1,231
413
19,822
7,276
2,605
17,652
2,997
1,257
1,494
246
2,127
118
220
1,694
1
0
94
2008
194,189
38,101
25,287
386
468
200
3,986
2,164
5,427
1,157
3,459
387
300
509
2,142
2,043
2,660
39,641
39,486
32,375
1,113
1,434
1,133
1,734
231
16,906
7,577
2,247
19,300
2,984
1,363
1,305
316
2,969
151
279
2,420
0
0
118
2009
183,050
38,725
18,421
333
320
232
1,607
1,697
3,701
1,036
3,215
358
236
386
1,723
1,644
1,933
37,697
42,812
29,943
1,009
1,356
866
1,487
138
16,552
6,973
1,562
15,452
1,782
848
798
136
2,294
161
239
1,790
0
0
102
2010
199,848
39,073
17,594
306
307
219
1,483
1,242
3,849
907
3,103
365
328
239
1,833
1,485
1,930
42,354
50,908
32,934
1,265
1,790
1,515
1,560
160
17,619
7,562
1,463
16,985
2,210
1,081
955
174
2,246
160
262
1,718
0
0
107
Appendix table 6-20

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
5,109
405
4,194
2
31
10
369
54
32
12
310
7
0
295
8
3,053
374
1,610
21
57
992
78
11
56
1
9
1991
4,570
556
3,489
2
29
3
400
52
26
12
463
8
1
445
9
2,999
393
1,663
23
72
848
81
4
64
3
11
1992
4,355
680
3,068
4
32
5
475
48
30
13
502
8
2
487
5
3,021
427
1,702
22
66
804
68
4
48
2
14
1993
4,617
417
3,551
5
29
7
540
29
26
14
249
5
11
230
4
2,887
418
1,561
25
69
814
98
5
70
1
22
1994
5,179
541
3,899
4
35
8
650
22
9
12
254
7
3
243
2
3,103
511
1,596
32
80
883
122
5
84
4
28
1995
4,978
367
4,072
7
44
7
459
5
5
12
292
10
11
269
3
3,544
541
1,872
35
110
986
147
6
103
4
33
1996
5,533
378
4,562
7
43
7
516
6
6
8
221
10
1
206
4
3,768
637
1,910
40
126
1,056
313
6
251
4
51
1997
5,708
410
4,441
8
44
9
780
6
4
5
225
9
2
210
3
3,366
576
2,110
38
116
528
298
13
225
5
55
1998
4,806
314
3,412
8
37
7
1,011
6
7
3
239
9
2
226
2
3,211
469
2,022
29
105
586
313
23
223
7
59
1999
4,361
266
2,772
4
26
3
1,277
4
7
3
203
12
0
189
2
4,305
508
3,030
30
181
556
315
16
217
13
68
Appendix table 6-20

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
5,955
284
4,023
5
25
3
1,601
4
8
3
217
9
0
207
2
4,307
431
3,118
28
203
527
263
18
137
8
100
2001
5,351
157
3,517
2
23
4
1,634
3
8
3
167
9
0
157
1
2,635
366
1,497
30
155
587
260
17
125
7
110
2002
4,015
52
2,634
2
26
4
1,285
3
6
3
179
9
0
168
1
2,655
513
1,302
32
141
666
313
16
147
8
142
2003
3,255
78
1,908
2
23
4
1,231
2
5
1
264
11
0
251
1
3,309
587
1,732
43
151
796
393
18
189
9
178
2004
4,535
119
3,210
3
29
4
1,157
4
7
2
331
14
0
316
2
4,001
803
1,991
52
152
1,004
484
19
235
11
219
2005
5,103
149
3,646
4
13
5
1,269
4
9
3
363
17
1
345
1
4,528
936
2,275
58
188
1,072
562
22
278
14
248
2006
6,054
165
4,436
1
15
6
1,411
7
10
3
392
16
1
374
1
4,849
996
2,443
52
201
1,156
349
24
46
1
278
2007
6,302
180
4,550
1
19
7
1,520
10
12
3
437
13
1
422
1
5,385
1,206
2,614
50
270
1,245
404
27
51
1
325
2008
6,699
197
4,944
1
21
7
1,496
11
17
3
414
14
1
398
1
5,747
1,322
2,564
49
288
1,525
487
31
53
1
401
2009
5,078
170
3,634
1
19
7
1,220
9
15
3
404
13
1
389
1
5,375
1,002
2,686
42
273
1,372
519
35
48
1
434
2010
5,922
189
4,358
1
20
8
1,323
11
10
3
435
13
1
419
2
5,601
1,134
2,807
45
273
1,343
570
37
47
2
484
EU = European Union
Appendix table 6-21

Value added of aircraft and spacecraft, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
81,710
52,821
22,029
304
133
11
114
3,547
4,173
155
2,886
466
187
618
754
8,387
294
1,606
246
449
9
7
8
4
208
62
152
0
4,559
98
75
17
6
157
0
2
150
0
0
5
1991
88,246
59,407
21,862
280
99
10
126
3,542
4,866
146
2,582
528
120
500
828
7,941
293
1,838
367
640
12
8
8
3
261
196
149
3
4,132
83
60
20
4
174
0
2
165
0
0
6
1992
76,693
48,471
20,337
295
114
13
93
3,652
4,825
186
2,396
549
101
625
960
6,264
264
2,215
519
666
16
9
8
3
399
72
152
6
4,486
169
97
23
49
130
0
1
123
0
0
6
1993
73,005
45,895
17,256
316
26
1
112
3,878
3,757
125
1,936
496
91
764
574
4,909
271
2,771
582
728
13
10
8
5
464
99
128
2
5,773
1,794
1,712
20
62
105
0
1
98
0
0
6
1994
64,719
37,226
17,286
358
28
16
139
3,586
3,343
111
1,987
321
126
678
473
5,830
290
2,849
504
947
14
7
6
4
516
264
135
2
5,908
1,713
1,642
5
67
99
0
4
88
0
0
7
1995
64,191
35,140
17,225
328
56
11
155
4,377
3,314
156
1,569
190
120
683
621
5,389
257
3,186
585
1,053
25
14
7
3
577
275
148
2
7,001
1,500
1,419
20
61
384
0
3
374
0
0
8
1996
72,381
42,302
17,900
378
34
11
158
4,149
4,206
206
1,637
203
126
756
555
5,231
251
2,890
619
1,187
20
24
9
2
640
308
178
5
7,483
1,874
1,800
25
50
447
0
2
437
0
0
8
1997
77,087
42,617
21,423
326
34
14
141
6,204
4,378
217
1,685
305
135
777
397
6,524
284
2,711
741
1,285
27
11
20
3
774
266
182
3
8,310
2,150
1,919
140
92
517
0
0
509
0
0
8
1998
83,198
47,638
23,380
360
46
5
150
5,772
5,024
222
2,157
314
126
819
728
7,392
267
3,253
840
1,068
15
6
4
2
582
292
164
3
7,018
1,334
1,141
118
76
546
0
0
538
0
0
8
1999
90,254
52,776
24,532
468
70
8
154
5,741
5,903
227
1,737
311
118
840
655
8,005
297
3,441
562
1,293
192
3
10
1
640
285
156
5
7,650
823
670
87
66
586
0
0
577
0
0
8
Appendix table 6-21

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
86,233
49,928
23,407
452
71
11
110
5,457
5,033
255
1,757
229
162
807
663
8,159
243
2,846
550
1,380
14
57
17
1
675
449
161
6
8,122
320
137
114
70
659
0
0
651
0
0
7
2001
93,699
55,197
24,352
484
88
13
106
5,691
5,730
231
1,688
271
160
630
687
8,356
217
3,250
891
1,502
23
17
25
1
843
454
135
6
8,507
357
147
136
74
667
0
0
659
0
0
8
2002
89,444
50,263
25,035
392
76
13
123
5,395
6,154
244
1,728
284
161
914
646
8,597
309
3,293
1,391
1,563
36
24
40
1
923
375
153
11
7,898
434
173
151
111
607
0
25
574
0
0
9
2003
91,575
49,148
27,189
448
82
11
122
6,610
6,404
283
1,593
413
156
1,225
809
8,722
311
3,455
2,000
1,545
49
44
44
1
878
361
156
13
8,239
559
237
149
174
655
0
23
622
0
0
10
2004
95,415
50,201
27,476
549
94
15
133
4,820
6,866
302
1,989
390
170
1,239
883
9,681
344
3,823
2,257
1,830
72
34
39
1
1,106
409
154
14
9,828
900
490
186
225
760
0
30
719
0
0
11
2005
109,287
58,081
32,646
568
106
20
144
7,363
8,879
332
1,997
451
210
1,316
1,007
9,818
434
3,710
2,643
2,032
66
47
80
2
1,281
381
161
15
10,175
1,071
567
178
326
608
0
34
564
0
0
11
2006
117,986
61,868
34,829
513
110
21
138
8,363
7,963
345
2,439
477
301
1,597
906
11,179
476
4,533
2,838
2,492
74
59
193
2
1,489
531
129
15
11,426
1,280
633
207
440
349
0
40
299
0
0
10
2007
131,169
71,115
35,821
603
174
20
181
8,385
9,155
408
2,062
430
343
1,586
1,063
10,903
508
3,922
3,722
2,934
88
59
224
2
1,653
719
169
19
13,655
1,833
888
266
679
487
0
48
385
43
0
12
2008
142,638
71,782
39,895
642
235
35
178
10,104
10,439
392
2,812
580
493
2,189
1,138
9,970
688
5,738
4,837
3,174
88
87
293
2
1,726
757
201
19
17,212
2,352
976
373
1,003
612
0
61
498
38
0
15
2009
134,048
70,183
35,893
480
235
11
140
9,827
8,941
315
2,527
490
341
1,973
1,064
8,966
584
4,158
5,596
2,947
101
92
228
2
1,631
713
165
15
15,271
1,300
464
250
586
560
0
52
462
35
0
11
2010
136,910
69,401
34,574
435
231
9
113
9,585
8,287
289
2,156
497
339
1,706
1,099
9,377
451
4,722
7,454
3,498
132
125
281
2
1,848
899
192
19
17,262
1,823
524
277
1,023
622
0
62
512
36
0
12
Appendix table 6-21

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
353
4
214
19
28
1
87
0
0
0
261
2
0
256
2
3,683
410
2,510
45
188
530
7
0
7
0
0
1991
321
4
185
18
27
1
86
0
0
0
143
2
0
140
1
3,398
435
2,262
37
147
517
14
0
13
0
0
1992
416
5
199
30
38
2
143
0
0
0
167
2
0
163
2
3,591
484
2,383
31
144
549
13
0
12
0
1
1993
455
4
241
28
24
1
156
0
0
0
83
1
0
81
1
3,320
462
2,193
30
132
503
15
0
14
0
1
1994
489
6
293
20
31
2
137
0
0
0
85
1
0
83
1
3,506
487
2,270
34
144
571
15
0
14
0
1
1995
806
10
357
28
63
2
345
0
0
0
100
2
0
98
1
4,196
517
2,868
50
140
621
15
0
14
0
2
1996
605
20
316
28
50
2
189
0
0
0
87
2
0
85
0
4,461
602
3,037
49
207
566
9
0
8
0
2
1997
809
22
539
38
72
2
136
0
0
0
83
2
0
81
0
4,742
610
3,444
41
172
474
9
0
7
0
1
1998
932
21
670
43
43
2
152
0
0
0
102
2
0
100
0
4,095
584
2,980
37
36
458
9
0
7
0
2
1999
1,451
16
1,016
40
25
2
352
0
0
0
43
5
0
38
0
4,737
623
3,585
35
49
444
9
0
7
0
2
Appendix table 6-21

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
1,802
13
1,399
56
35
2
298
0
0
0
33
4
0
29
0
5,299
526
4,294
33
50
396
10
0
8
0
2
2001
2,204
18
1,756
38
24
2
366
0
0
0
38
3
0
34
0
5,230
407
4,281
36
97
410
11
0
8
0
3
2002
1,993
3
1,586
9
25
2
368
0
0
0
61
4
0
57
0
4,791
546
3,637
45
110
453
11
0
8
0
2
2003
1,616
5
1,288
16
19
1
286
0
0
0
90
4
0
85
0
5,307
741
3,833
58
131
545
12
0
9
0
3
2004
2,136
6
1,757
25
19
2
328
0
0
0
104
6
0
98
0
5,914
838
4,219
68
179
610
14
0
11
0
4
2005
1,879
7
1,444
17
30
2
378
0
0
0
116
5
0
111
0
6,486
916
4,710
73
169
617
15
0
12
0
4
2006
2,175
7
1,705
14
34
2
412
0
0
0
117
6
0
111
0
7,429
975
5,439
63
246
706
75
0
71
0
4
2007
2,518
8
2,053
15
43
3
395
0
0
0
130
5
0
125
0
8,602
1,181
6,270
90
216
846
84
0
79
0
5
2008
4,121
8
3,594
15
48
3
452
0
0
1
121
6
0
115
0
9,919
1,294
7,270
87
280
988
88
0
82
0
6
2009
4,607
7
4,200
14
41
3
341
1
0
1
145
5
0
140
0
8,579
1,032
6,396
52
260
840
81
0
74
0
7
2010
5,588
7
5,073
17
50
3
436
1
0
1
169
6
0
163
0
8,974
1,284
6,505
66
285
834
85
0
77
0
8
EU = European Union
Appendix table 6-22

Value added of computers and office machinery, by region/country/economy: 19902010
World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
1990
72,417
21,275
20,619
129
15
140
364
1,988
9,048
827
1,254
332
78
1,099
448
4,676
223
21,968
463
4,335
103
4
216
2
1,859
1,147
637
367
3,757
74
67
3
4
45
16
11
14
0
2
1
1991
76,450
19,378
20,821
124
15
128
122
1,947
9,428
818
1,228
345
56
1,499
541
4,425
145
25,323
442
7,062
96
7
330
3
2,140
922
688
2,876
3,423
43
37
3
2
31
10
5
13
0
2
1
1992
79,939
18,988
17,783
125
23
156
207
2,051
7,514
732
1,296
268
43
890
430
3,934
113
25,705
501
13,356
99
6
378
5
2,654
1,166
877
8,171
3,606
125
106
5
14
28
8
5
12
0
2
1
1993
70,607
18,600
14,171
129
23
99
140
1,564
5,264
590
736
357
42
1,098
284
3,734
109
25,584
448
7,495
87
6
495
15
3,620
1,207
823
1,243
4,308
524
499
10
14
32
10
5
14
0
2
1
1994
78,076
20,521
15,299
139
25
135
133
1,566
4,881
808
733
596
52
1,097
287
4,745
102
26,340
465
10,383
106
8
555
28
4,299
1,654
945
2,788
5,067
742
722
1
19
58
17
18
19
0
2
2
1995
88,115
22,361
18,359
162
40
102
182
1,826
5,459
1,992
1,268
485
80
1,180
293
5,169
123
30,806
908
10,263
147
9
739
106
5,231
2,224
1,025
784
5,417
909
885
13
11
118
24
8
82
0
2
2
1996
91,791
24,819
17,549
162
169
166
184
1,640
4,653
1,711
973
546
92
1,413
312
5,277
252
29,441
1,261
12,635
143
13
979
179
6,702
2,210
1,304
1,106
6,086
725
709
8
8
138
26
10
97
0
3
2
1997
91,949
27,198
17,058
132
105
99
166
1,441
5,019
1,295
904
426
76
994
267
5,653
481
25,397
1,432
13,318
125
8
1,041
297
6,593
2,605
1,433
1,217
7,545
1,121
1,079
22
20
133
26
16
85
0
3
3
1998
88,409
30,029
17,601
120
84
109
105
1,467
4,824
1,378
1,064
571
99
1,075
346
5,727
633
23,192
1,913
8,332
83
3
570
423
3,203
2,164
1,394
492
7,342
362
307
47
9
132
49
11
67
0
3
2
1999
84,884
25,509
16,167
96
114
137
69
1,247
3,978
2,053
1,134
450
144
946
314
4,928
558
23,751
2,218
9,953
121
8
691
627
3,471
3,070
1,528
437
7,286
246
205
29
12
129
45
9
69
0
3
2
Appendix table 6-22

World
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
2000
88,811
26,711
13,920
86
161
110
5
686
3,803
2,147
1,037
414
182
716
249
3,979
343
23,758
3,753
12,286
209
2
1,488
631
3,501
4,251
1,697
507
8,383
346
268
63
15
130
37
16
72
0
3
2
2001
72,382
19,715
12,016
72
120
111
22
912
2,949
1,364
1,222
398
117
689
134
3,596
310
18,876
4,317
9,834
236
2
1,453
587
2,457
3,270
1,353
475
7,623
259
191
50
17
126
32
18
71
0
3
2
2002
70,795
22,615
11,886
70
58
108
13
1,001
3,255
1,492
734
311
104
643
170
3,630
296
12,338
7,026
10,972
292
2
1,598
400
2,907
3,170
1,736
867
5,958
306
232
55
19
87
5
27
50
0
3
2
2003
78,955
20,517
13,744
87
153
128
20
1,383
4,161
1,254
788
323
123
710
318
3,813
482
13,099
15,545
11,374
414
7
1,968
513
2,428
3,083
1,953
1,008
4,676
166
88
55
24
82
4
18
53
0
4
3
2004
92,068
23,478
15,767
106
103
117
25
1,153
5,096
1,762
1,119
386
123
624
387
4,061
704
16,207
22,058
10,232
331
6
2,620
541
2,656
1,154
1,796
1,127
4,326
337
242
68
26
100
5
37
48
3
4
3
2005
104,434
27,536
17,236
102
145
128
25
866
4,759
2,365
1,062
373
230
672
313
5,369
828
16,836
26,563
11,238
432
66
2,264
690
3,184
1,447
1,914
1,241
5,025
365
267
65
33
111
6
42
48
7
5
4
2006
108,722
30,446
16,419
106
112
129
34
709
4,656
2,219
1,184
389
170
449
290
5,374
598
11,681
32,895
11,415
459
94
2,353
751
2,672
1,643
2,205
1,238
5,867
441
323
76
42
127
6
49
56
5
6
5
2007
117,235
28,171
18,100
159
194
119
40
877
5,940
1,946
1,298
367
203
483
310
5,629
533
12,668
39,219
12,594
555
108
2,285
849
3,009
1,714
2,348
1,726
6,483
556
441
62
53
151
8
60
67
5
7
6
2008
120,861
32,529
15,786
204
283
125
37
852
5,497
1,977
1,291
336
239
532
302
3,549
562
11,836
44,032
11,191
586
130
1,959
321
2,656
1,185
2,367
1,988
5,487
480
351
69
61
197
10
76
92
5
7
7
2009
107,756
27,699
9,654
176
453
145
29
359
1,796
1,771
811
286
211
448
223
2,467
477
10,114
46,441
9,551
531
128
1,016
181
2,742
1,006
1,908
2,039
4,297
218
150
39
28
173
11
65
80
4
7
5
2010
126,832
29,776
10,449
178
565
148
29
293
1,947
1,683
776
309
328
342
248
3,063
542
11,469
59,023
10,819
697
171
918
193
2,371
1,300
2,582
2,586
5,295
270
196
34
40
195
11
76
90
4
8
6
Appendix table 6-22

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
1990
1,433
34
734
1
1
0
658
3
3
1
6
0
0
6
0
2,184
106
590
16
120
1,352
15
0
13
0
2
1991
1,393
43
575
1
1
0
764
5
3
1
8
0
0
8
0
1,932
112
468
17
52
1,283
17
0
15
0
2
1992
1,551
43
558
1
2
0
942
1
4
1
8
0
0
8
0
1,874
118
356
17
56
1,328
19
0
16
0
3
1993
1,744
65
642
1
2
0
1,025
1
7
1
31
0
0
31
0
1,951
117
555
20
40
1,219
27
0
19
3
5
1994
2,052
76
681
1
2
0
1,288
3
0
1
29
0
0
29
0
2,156
141
570
24
56
1,365
29
0
20
3
5
1995
2,189
34
700
2
3
0
1,449
0
0
2
33
0
0
33
0
2,132
149
389
27
55
1,512
37
0
21
10
7
1996
3,173
38
787
1
2
0
2,343
0
0
1
10
0
0
10
0
2,017
175
306
31
64
1,442
24
0
7
9
8
1997
4,661
11
875
2
2
0
3,769
0
0
1
9
0
0
9
0
1,584
159
674
29
84
639
37
0
6
24
7
1998
5,166
10
833
1
2
0
4,317
0
0
1
9
0
0
9
0
1,623
129
781
22
62
629
49
0
6
24
18
1999
5,440
18
881
1
2
0
4,536
0
0
1
4
0
0
4
0
1,346
139
592
23
91
501
121
0
6
63
51
Appendix table 6-22

Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
2000
6,505
20
1,543
1
2
0
4,937
0
1
1
4
0
0
4
0
1,324
118
759
22
24
401
75
0
7
30
38
2001
6,213
15
1,658
1
2
0
4,530
5
1
1
3
0
0
3
0
988
100
411
23
29
425
35
0
6
16
13
2002
4,601
2
826
2
2
0
3,764
4
0
1
4
0
0
4
0
920
162
452
25
12
268
41
0
7
17
16
2003
3,365
3
811
2
2
0
2,543
3
0
1
5
0
0
5
0
1,005
179
516
33
28
249
52
0
9
16
27
2004
2,758
3
771
2
3
0
1,976
3
0
1
7
0
0
7
0
1,064
154
564
41
22
283
61
0
11
18
32
2005
3,409
3
1,143
2
5
0
2,246
3
1
7
7
0
0
7
0
1,042
168
505
45
28
296
91
0
13
20
57
2006
4,041
3
1,452
2
5
0
2,567
3
1
8
8
0
0
8
0
1,147
169
609
41
17
310
103
0
14
19
69
2007
4,490
4
1,957
2
6
0
2,506
4
1
9
9
0
0
9
0
1,155
203
506
63
22
361
121
0
16
21
85
2008
3,502
4
1,747
2
7
0
1,723
4
1
13
8
0
0
8
0
1,155
221
404
61
21
448
145
0
16
24
104
2009
2,916
3
1,487
2
6
0
1,402
4
1
11
8
0
0
8
0
842
189
225
26
19
384
141
0
15
24
103
2010
3,669
3
2,010
2
7
1
1,628
4
1
14
10
0
0
10
0
988
237
305
29
20
398
163
0
16
28
119
EU = European Union
Appendix table 6-23

Regions and countries/economies in world industry data
United States
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Austria
Bulgaria
Greece
Hungary
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
Egypt
Iran
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
All others
Bahrain
Jordan
Kuwait
Qatar
Tunisia
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Bolivia
Ecuador
Honduras
Jamaica
Panama
Uruguay
All others (continued)

Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
All others
Cameroon
Senegal
Zimbabwe
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
EU = European Union
NOTES: Data are not available for EU members Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, and Slovenia.
China includes Hong Kong.
SOURCE: IHS Global Insight, World Industry Service database, special tabulations (15 November 2010).
Appendix table 6-24

Exports and imports of high-technology goods, by region/country/economy: Selected years, 19952010
Exports
World
World excluding intra-EU and intra-China
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
United Kingdom intra-EU
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
903,693
712,928
135,686
287,679
123,410
164,269
49,110
25,114
23,996
68,012
26,047
41,966
60,920
28,783
32,137
136,991
69,236
42,740
26,497
194,801
1,142
3,092
37,829
7,531
52,731
38,739
37,476
16,261
67,234
3,416
479
396
2,540
5,352
3,963
1,390
16,186
1,053
13,527
1,606
1,055,110
832,794
177,523
334,078
143,545
190,533
55,714
27,532
28,182
71,145
28,824
42,321
73,418
37,132
36,286
124,809
86,386
54,603
31,783
233,285
1,720
5,052
44,948
17,872
58,173
39,966
45,633
19,920
85,235
6,692
1,126
763
4,803
7,929
5,971
1,958
24,322
2,222
20,004
2,097
1,207,761
937,696
197,261
394,102
158,918
235,184
63,102
28,113
34,990
86,889
33,165
53,724
75,716
33,751
41,965
124,844
103,556
68,676
34,880
261,359
1,576
6,130
50,716
24,928
53,402
50,957
53,900
19,752
105,732
4,215
1,606
1,365
1,243
10,714
7,991
2,723
37,968
3,761
29,357
4,850
1,308,214
993,407
195,678
433,524
168,469
265,054
69,171
33,117
36,054
98,704
38,737
59,967
76,681
27,870
48,811
116,275
142,501
92,749
49,753
283,483
2,629
8,362
56,109
26,208
52,299
52,642
64,061
21,171
128,534
6,182
2,956
1,678
1,548
14,210
10,741
3,470
49,475
5,822
39,657
3,995
1,554,792
1,161,721
176,179
523,095
205,008
318,087
74,795
36,907
37,888
122,525
48,382
74,143
72,408
28,847
43,561
129,351
239,922
164,938
74,984
345,459
3,588
8,246
62,954
30,304
59,667
72,471
81,431
26,798
134,415
8,984
4,341
2,562
2,081
13,554
9,232
4,322
48,847
4,955
36,452
7,440
1,898,178
1,418,757
190,828
631,132
248,199
382,933
86,202
43,599
42,604
156,798
61,876
94,922
78,079
32,179
45,900
151,097
334,186
237,698
96,488
423,474
4,351
9,313
71,007
32,650
71,586
95,000
105,593
33,973
161,607
11,249
4,447
3,797
3,006
17,360
11,239
6,121
58,708
7,276
42,734
8,698
2,145,946
1,598,199
229,320
706,559
276,586
429,972
91,170
44,514
46,656
171,999
65,762
106,237
94,738
42,093
52,645
148,334
413,216
295,442
117,774
464,387
5,106
9,650
78,627
33,594
80,010
103,330
115,381
38,689
178,548
9,148
1,966
4,207
2,975
21,412
11,443
9,969
63,806
8,049
45,576
10,181
2,469,023
1,813,878
265,085
815,639
300,152
515,487
109,698
52,894
56,804
193,438
75,474
117,964
129,714
38,694
91,020
150,186
498,455
358,796
139,658
528,225
6,470
9,227
85,644
32,983
94,283
114,633
140,269
44,716
202,381
10,564
2,591
4,514
3,459
20,892
13,439
7,453
74,004
8,730
54,136
11,138
2,542,892
1,920,640
283,308
789,435
318,852
470,583
109,167
55,901
53,266
206,552
81,936
124,616
80,508
36,884
43,624
142,059
540,454
388,785
151,669
543,855
9,464
9,791
83,938
33,494
89,069
122,698
147,228
48,172
233,888
12,496
2,778
4,289
5,429
25,807
14,495
11,312
83,555
9,464
60,810
13,280
2,684,383
2,023,150
298,657
841,531
343,720
497,811
121,076
63,876
57,201
217,098
86,517
130,580
84,544
39,036
45,508
143,737
592,395
428,974
163,421
540,689
12,208
10,258
74,797
30,534
92,037
122,750
145,482
52,621
258,362
14,109
3,995
3,984
6,131
30,318
16,509
13,809
87,787
10,332
63,125
14,330
2,429,494
1,823,277
271,213
755,615
310,382
445,232
113,497
60,624
52,873
190,855
76,764
114,091
77,455
36,300
41,155
115,429
551,265
390,281
160,984
479,542
14,497
9,633
74,074
22,739
70,691
113,025
126,852
48,030
246,969
13,861
3,287
3,689
6,885
27,355
17,815
9,540
85,655
9,445
59,354
16,856
2,798,201
2,137,419
325,146
809,581
335,185
474,396
120,046
64,904
55,142
208,551
83,637
124,914
79,366
36,596
42,770
139,575
662,289
475,902
186,387
576,325
18,231
11,658
83,454
28,472
85,846
135,576
157,972
55,115
275,317
15,002
3,865
3,861
7,277
29,731
19,037
10,694
100,792
10,907
70,077
19,808
Appendix table 6-24

Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
Imports
World
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
1995
641
411
230
41,429
3,336
15,400
22,693
211
1997
940
595
345
44,900
3,745
18,415
22,740
451
1999
1,281
782
499
51,106
3,742
21,292
26,072
448
2001
1,115
807
308
56,832
4,290
24,575
27,967
721
2003
1,458
980
478
60,486
4,242
21,468
34,776
1,085
2004
2,006
1,257
749
71,029
5,069
23,237
42,723
1,256
2005
2,570
1,715
854
79,835
5,857
27,203
46,775
1,777
2006
2,954
1,792
1,162
91,354
6,588
30,271
54,495
2,612
2007
3,065
2,089
976
105,312
7,576
32,756
64,979
3,654
2008
3,465
2,124
1,341
117,513
8,075
32,420
77,019
5,170
2009
3,465
2,215
1,251
110,983
7,739
30,586
72,659
5,648
2010
3,755
2,433
1,322
119,934
8,488
30,559
80,888
6,103
903,693
712,928
171,506
305,331
141,062
164,269
44,446
19,729
24,717
64,593
35,259
29,334
54,815
32,504
22,311
50,030
75,516
49,020
26,497
142,210
3,537
3,298
22,947
7,378
44,219
22,462
24,448
13,921
133,076
11,404
5,811
3,522
2,071
1,055,110
832,794
193,649
354,185
163,651
190,533
46,955
20,467
26,488
63,934
34,824
29,110
72,721
47,079
25,642
56,782
89,131
57,347
31,783
169,999
4,193
5,391
26,156
14,910
47,649
26,166
30,152
15,381
161,898
16,276
7,326
5,287
3,663
1,207,761
937,696
233,477
430,837
195,652
235,184
57,991
24,889
33,102
78,745
41,728
37,017
82,286
49,061
33,225
61,895
96,272
61,391
34,880
172,862
4,694
2,495
25,475
15,246
45,460
30,330
36,192
12,971
181,483
15,211
4,480
7,224
3,506
1,308,214
993,407
245,037
456,879
191,825
265,054
60,983
23,594
37,389
93,512
46,304
47,209
73,063
38,294
34,769
70,884
134,424
84,671
49,753
185,644
6,166
3,365
27,844
16,468
47,149
33,896
34,417
16,339
196,592
17,439
7,444
5,862
4,133
1,554,792
1,161,721
264,242
539,363
221,277
318,087
67,810
26,793
41,017
107,623
53,140
54,483
76,497
33,708
42,789
77,620
209,832
134,847
74,984
218,933
9,732
3,913
33,958
18,405
51,767
42,642
40,725
17,790
219,651
26,645
11,779
8,426
6,441
1,898,178
1,418,757
310,012
664,741
281,808
382,933
81,418
34,442
46,976
130,193
67,936
62,257
91,536
40,508
51,028
90,443
270,059
173,571
96,488
260,976
12,988
4,746
37,904
20,062
65,384
49,891
49,182
20,819
272,055
37,978
16,203
12,478
9,297
2,145,946
1,598,199
331,565
742,676
312,703
429,972
89,481
37,199
52,281
147,857
75,331
72,526
98,560
43,940
54,621
97,919
327,993
210,218
117,774
285,561
15,878
4,754
39,951
19,633
73,902
54,972
52,187
24,284
327,401
45,972
20,258
14,830
10,884
2,469,023
1,813,878
363,379
871,498
356,011
515,487
114,256
41,501
72,754
175,012
90,177
84,835
115,758
49,502
66,255
104,096
389,760
250,102
139,658
327,391
23,603
5,183
46,278
22,810
85,824
61,372
55,161
27,161
379,211
56,859
25,235
17,770
13,854
2,542,892
1,920,640
385,060
845,726
375,143
470,583
100,845
43,710
57,135
169,525
91,205
78,320
102,455
47,755
54,700
100,750
432,470
280,802
151,669
330,854
29,632
7,553
48,011
22,821
80,685
62,240
52,079
27,833
405,050
65,565
30,150
18,662
16,753
2,684,383
2,023,150
390,189
898,681
400,870
497,811
110,571
50,330
60,241
181,613
96,112
85,501
102,825
49,990
52,835
104,533
450,177
286,756
163,421
327,584
29,828
13,265
42,233
21,523
81,465
63,620
48,211
27,439
463,492
76,014
36,737
20,242
19,035
2,429,494
1,823,277
356,372
796,450
351,217
445,232
104,615
47,363
57,251
165,954
85,869
80,085
88,627
42,325
46,302
92,986
431,142
270,158
160,984
289,281
31,610
12,575
37,360
16,093
68,639
55,072
42,788
25,144
417,952
58,130
25,376
17,549
15,205
2,798,201
2,137,419
419,472
862,174
387,779
474,396
111,018
51,432
59,587
183,510
97,416
86,094
94,355
45,885
48,470
107,984
505,575
319,188
186,387
350,456
37,568
15,235
43,973
19,618
83,386
65,548
55,228
29,899
502,677
66,749
29,610
20,643
16,496
Appendix table 6-24

Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
Balance
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
1995
22,832
3,719
19,112
37,059
8,013
10,983
18,064
8,440
4,533
3,907
58,903
10,925
28,680
19,299
2,878
1997
26,305
3,928
22,377
48,314
11,929
16,960
19,425
9,029
4,683
4,346
67,794
12,350
34,819
20,624
3,209
1999
32,855
6,442
26,413
52,186
10,927
20,955
20,303
9,983
4,921
5,063
77,695
13,815
39,038
24,842
3,537
2001
35,579
6,000
29,579
60,513
12,829
27,527
20,156
11,385
5,293
6,093
79,277
13,118
40,671
25,487
3,785
2003
43,655
5,320
38,335
56,336
9,374
28,232
18,730
13,719
6,335
7,384
87,275
18,292
37,030
31,953
5,740
2004
50,765
7,158
43,607
72,211
13,230
35,080
23,901
17,480
8,368
9,112
102,202
22,322
42,738
37,142
8,899
2005
68,412
7,959
60,454
87,396
17,092
37,934
32,370
21,125
9,891
11,234
116,024
24,390
47,986
43,647
9,597
2006
73,370
8,433
64,937
112,315
22,662
47,506
42,146
25,004
10,686
14,319
125,278
26,400
52,409
46,469
11,390
2007
76,512
8,858
67,654
118,051
22,828
47,646
47,577
27,026
10,812
16,214
131,852
27,564
54,690
49,599
13,070
2008
83,987
9,210
74,777
147,007
36,199
56,487
54,322
35,022
11,039
23,983
142,452
31,183
59,501
51,769
14,031
2009
85,113
8,047
77,066
129,851
30,185
50,207
49,460
29,927
9,556
20,371
130,105
29,577
52,329
48,199
14,752
2010
91,804
8,712
83,092
166,934
35,552
77,723
53,659
33,270
10,319
22,951
160,276
33,545
74,450
52,281
16,914
-35,820
-17,651
-17,651
0
4,663
5,384
-721
3,419
-9,212
12,631
6,105
-3,722
9,826
86,960
-6,280
-6,280
0
52,591
-2,394
-206
14,882
153
8,512
16,277
13,028
2,339
-16,126
-20,107
-20,107
0
8,759
7,065
1,695
7,211
-6,000
13,211
697
-9,947
10,644
68,027
-2,744
-2,744
0
63,286
-2,473
-339
18,792
2,962
10,524
13,800
15,481
4,539
-36,216
-36,735
-36,735
0
5,111
3,224
1,888
8,144
-8,563
16,707
-6,571
-15,310
8,740
62,949
7,285
7,285
0
88,497
-3,118
3,635
25,241
9,681
7,942
20,627
17,708
6,780
-49,359
-23,356
-23,356
0
8,188
9,523
-1,334
5,191
-7,567
12,758
3,618
-10,424
14,042
45,391
8,077
8,077
0
97,839
-3,536
4,997
28,266
9,740
5,150
18,746
29,644
4,832
-88,063
-16,269
-16,269
0
6,985
10,115
-3,129
14,902
-4,758
19,660
-4,089
-4,861
772
51,732
30,090
30,090
0
126,526
-6,144
4,332
28,996
11,899
7,899
29,829
40,706
9,008
-119,184
-33,609
-33,609
0
4,784
9,157
-4,372
26,605
-6,060
32,665
-13,457
-8,329
-5,128
60,654
64,127
64,127
0
162,497
-8,637
4,568
33,104
12,589
6,201
45,109
56,411
13,154
-102,245
-36,117
-36,117
0
1,689
7,315
-5,626
24,142
-9,569
33,711
-3,822
-1,847
-1,975
50,416
85,224
85,224
0
178,826
-10,772
4,896
38,676
13,961
6,108
48,358
63,195
14,405
-98,294
-55,859
-55,859
0
-4,558
11,393
-15,950
18,426
-14,703
33,129
13,956
-10,809
24,765
46,089
108,694
108,694
0
200,834
-17,133
4,044
39,366
10,174
8,458
53,262
85,108
17,555
-101,752
-56,292
-56,292
0
8,322
12,191
-3,869
37,027
-9,269
46,296
-21,947
-10,871
-11,076
41,309
107,983
107,983
0
213,001
-20,168
2,238
35,927
10,673
8,385
60,459
95,148
20,338
-91,532
-57,150
-57,150
0
10,505
13,545
-3,040
35,485
-9,595
45,080
-18,282
-10,954
-7,328
39,204
142,218
142,218
0
213,105
-17,620
-3,007
32,564
9,011
10,571
59,131
97,271
25,182
-85,159
-40,835
-40,835
0
8,882
13,260
-4,378
24,901
-9,105
34,007
-11,173
-6,026
-5,147
22,443
120,123
120,123
0
190,261
-17,113
-2,942
36,714
6,645
2,052
57,954
84,065
22,886
-94,326
-52,594
-52,594
0
9,027
13,473
-4,445
25,041
-13,780
38,820
-14,989
-9,289
-5,700
31,591
156,714
156,714
0
225,868
-19,337
-3,577
39,481
8,854
2,460
70,028
102,743
25,216
Appendix table 6-24

All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
1995
-65,842
-7,988
-5,332
-3,125
469
-17,479
243
-17,723
-20,873
-6,960
2,544
-16,457
-7,799
-4,122
-3,677
-17,475
-7,589
-13,281
3,395
-2,667
1997
-76,663
-9,584
-6,200
-4,523
1,140
-18,376
2,043
-20,419
-23,992
-9,708
3,044
-17,328
-8,089
-4,088
-4,001
-22,893
-8,605
-16,404
2,116
-2,758
1999
-75,752
-10,996
-2,874
-5,859
-2,263
-22,141
1,549
-23,690
-14,217
-7,166
8,402
-15,453
-8,702
-4,139
-4,564
-26,589
-10,073
-17,745
1,229
-3,089
2001
-68,057
-11,257
-4,488
-4,184
-2,585
-21,368
4,741
-26,109
-11,038
-7,007
12,130
-16,161
-10,270
-4,485
-5,785
-22,445
-8,829
-16,096
2,480
-3,064
2003
-85,237
-17,662
-7,438
-5,864
-4,361
-30,101
3,913
-34,013
-7,489
-4,420
8,220
-11,290
-12,261
-5,355
-6,906
-26,789
-14,050
-15,562
2,823
-4,654
2004
-110,448
-26,728
-11,756
-8,682
-6,291
-33,406
4,081
-37,486
-13,503
-5,955
7,654
-15,202
-15,474
-7,111
-8,364
-31,173
-17,252
-19,502
5,582
-7,644
2005
-148,854
-36,825
-18,292
-10,622
-7,910
-47,000
3,485
-50,485
-23,590
-9,043
7,641
-22,189
-18,555
-8,175
-10,380
-36,188
-18,533
-20,784
3,128
-7,820
2006
-176,831
-46,294
-22,644
-13,256
-10,394
-52,478
5,006
-57,484
-38,311
-13,932
6,630
-31,008
-22,050
-8,894
-13,157
-33,923
-19,812
-22,138
8,026
-8,778
2007
-171,161
-53,069
-27,371
-14,374
-11,324
-50,705
5,637
-56,341
-34,496
-13,364
13,163
-34,296
-23,961
-8,723
-15,238
-26,541
-19,988
-21,934
15,381
-9,416
2008
-205,130
-61,905
-32,742
-16,259
-12,904
-53,669
7,299
-60,969
-59,221
-25,867
6,638
-39,992
-31,557
-8,915
-22,642
-24,939
-23,107
-27,081
25,250
-8,861
2009
-170,983
-44,269
-22,089
-13,860
-8,320
-57,758
9,768
-67,526
-44,196
-20,740
9,148
-32,604
-26,461
-7,341
-19,120
-19,122
-21,839
-21,743
24,459
-9,104
2010
-227,359
-51,746
-25,746
-16,782
-9,219
-62,073
10,325
-72,398
-66,142
-24,645
-7,646
-33,851
-29,515
-7,886
-21,629
-40,342
-25,057
-43,892
28,607
-10,811
EU = European Union; ROW = rest of the world

NOTES: High-technology export goods include aerospace, communications and semiconductors, computers and office machinery, scientific instruments and measuring equipment, and pharmaceuticals. ROW is trade
between named region/country/economy and rest of world. Intra-EU is trade between EU member countries. Data are not available for EU members Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, and Slovenia.
China includes Hong Kong. Intra-China is trade between China and Hong Kong. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. See appendix table 6-32 for full list of countries in each region.
SOURCE: IHS Global Insight, special tabulations (2011) of World Trade Service database.
Appendix table 6-25

Exports and imports of all manufactured goods, by region/country/economy: Selected years, 19952010
Exports
World
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2004
4,372,188
3,074,440
490,110
1,856,049
682,903
1,173,146
243,920
90,788
153,132
493,470
188,747
304,722
217,721
99,364
118,357
450,486
330,052
205,450
124,602
523,716
27,357
32,050
70,324
17,205
96,261
120,836
116,628
43,055
663,071
78,819
35,983
18,868
23,969
72,068
17,526
54,542
154,036
33,251
65,274
55,511
4,791,946
3,429,081
585,225
1,952,586
730,264
1,222,321
250,453
93,125
157,327
483,425
189,855
293,570
258,076
124,188
133,888
430,631
389,326
248,782
140,544
590,836
32,607
41,323
78,944
27,633
102,405
131,909
126,177
49,837
769,637
106,738
52,782
22,739
31,217
80,234
21,935
58,299
196,898
36,284
90,384
70,230
4,984,141
3,528,761
590,433
2,039,120
716,777
1,322,343
266,260
94,039
172,220
517,145
190,762
326,383
254,954
115,725
139,229
426,871
417,041
284,005
133,036
613,375
33,055
41,298
82,624
35,320
94,676
142,466
131,434
52,502
829,874
102,135
48,437
24,907
28,791
102,457
26,266
76,191
217,110
33,587
116,392
67,131
5,416,514
3,895,642
609,994
2,156,203
789,641
1,366,562
272,837
103,142
169,695
545,055
211,395
333,660
254,747
107,722
147,026
416,080
515,345
361,036
154,309
675,030
42,688
46,635
89,405
37,347
97,552
155,462
146,987
58,953
978,686
151,608
72,970
29,772
48,866
133,528
31,621
101,907
260,680
40,546
141,754
78,380
6,616,816
4,653,823
589,658
2,750,866
981,156
1,769,710
331,158
117,540
213,618
712,094
267,745
444,348
280,271
118,714
161,557
481,447
735,797
542,515
193,282
829,174
64,099
51,623
104,300
43,122
118,237
197,683
176,719
73,390
1,123,434
190,198
87,574
46,367
56,257
175,665
32,811
142,854
278,125
50,261
141,390
86,474
8,032,684
5,690,042
663,394
3,283,491
1,170,313
2,113,178
384,318
137,471
246,847
867,278
327,799
539,480
319,448
136,437
183,011
577,121
955,594
726,130
229,464
1,026,076
77,571
61,459
122,039
47,584
146,478
259,953
219,189
91,803
1,414,553
261,107
120,827
61,765
78,515
241,201
38,972
202,229
334,587
67,656
159,291
107,640
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
9,085,243 10,629,804 13,111,690 15,037,997 11,914,564 14,165,890

6,568,698 7,740,886 9,809,573 11,504,468 9,188,017 11,072,040
785,496
903,156 1,006,599 1,091,389
888,241 1,140,479
3,572,310 4,054,851 4,936,099 5,462,659 4,185,678 4,723,708
1,318,873 1,466,743 1,960,324 2,272,463 1,767,537 1,996,867
2,253,437 2,588,108 2,975,775 3,190,196 2,418,141 2,726,841
400,434
450,019
523,295
573,183
446,182
491,677
145,421
164,991
202,851
235,834
191,805
210,918
255,014
285,028
320,444
337,349
254,378
280,760
934,664 1,062,801 1,288,275 1,406,893 1,089,502 1,266,595
357,686
412,978
510,086
575,842
459,365
539,902
576,978
649,823
778,189
831,051
630,137
726,693
354,136
410,344
420,546
445,976
341,085
369,571
157,013
162,061
201,212
227,515
175,146
189,443
197,123
248,284
219,334
218,461
165,939
180,128
609,841
660,394
744,571
823,597
615,015
789,370
1,161,792 1,400,123 1,692,742 1,934,323 1,654,279 2,000,585
898,684 1,099,313 1,366,400 1,590,990 1,345,874 1,633,576
263,108
300,809
326,342
343,333
308,406
367,009
1,160,688 1,382,427 1,628,891 1,854,388 1,540,922 1,960,992
95,605
119,947
173,135
214,134
192,604
249,243
66,566
77,156
95,805
113,674
99,584
126,970
139,079
158,056
171,289
193,014
156,686
187,536
49,809
51,997
56,445
54,098
40,240
52,405
173,879
239,058
279,268
328,357
253,210
334,476
289,884
336,137
403,722
468,620
398,231
502,057
239,358
275,665
298,868
306,700
249,490
328,462
106,507
124,412
150,358
175,790
150,877
179,843
1,628,475 1,927,293 2,317,923 2,842,024 2,227,831 2,660,546
325,600
421,270
516,518
672,790
475,920
578,260
149,310
178,130
250,747
339,181
237,687
309,006
70,842
91,111
110,245
136,937
104,241
112,241
105,448
152,029
155,526
196,673
133,992
157,013
252,852
314,505
415,882
581,155
468,152
567,920
44,357
48,372
56,189
63,450
51,973
61,193
208,495
266,133
359,693
517,705
416,180
506,727
394,862
459,768
532,275
626,691
512,077
613,217
81,272
91,447
109,603
121,714
88,805
114,533
173,991
199,893
227,701
240,589
202,371
250,265
139,599
168,427
194,971
264,388
220,901
248,419
Appendix table 6-25

Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
Imports
World
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
1995
40,353
24,922
15,431
301,531
33,837
157,338
110,356
16,263
1997
44,562
28,263
16,299
320,734
38,870
173,288
108,576
20,471
1999
39,113
23,915
15,198
347,291
35,436
200,477
111,377
21,769
2001
51,323
32,513
18,810
352,917
39,414
201,806
111,697
28,631
2003
56,346
36,121
20,224
385,753
45,769
206,737
133,248
37,347
2004
75,404
49,510
25,894
456,507
57,918
236,848
161,741
45,748
4,372,188
3,074,440
659,691
1,705,459
532,313
1,173,146
232,774
65,861
166,914
384,447
134,805
249,641
230,358
100,880
129,477
217,454
334,405
209,804
124,602
508,070
32,937
35,132
61,539
25,248
104,328
103,175
83,672
62,040
781,066
72,583
27,300
27,543
17,740
4,791,946
3,429,081
766,997
1,799,100
576,778
1,222,321
226,967
68,408
158,559
368,838
128,842
239,996
272,174
126,342
145,833
219,378
366,898
226,354
140,544
533,082
34,294
39,701
66,361
35,865
111,007
103,323
88,761
53,770
944,203
128,161
58,694
39,326
30,141
4,984,141
3,528,761
923,026
1,962,454
640,110
1,322,343
254,447
77,336
177,111
398,676
139,348
259,328
291,690
137,619
154,071
205,884
341,857
208,821
133,036
468,514
34,900
20,951
54,044
32,397
97,509
88,762
98,569
41,383
931,006
86,304
26,478
33,146
26,680
5,416,514
3,895,642
1,001,289
2,047,289
680,727
1,366,562
257,363
78,267
179,096
408,408
146,173
262,235
297,510
137,452
160,058
231,479
418,425
264,116
154,309
499,025
36,430
27,873
59,798
34,121
100,115
101,691
90,641
48,356
1,034,312
111,145
42,061
34,219
34,865
6,616,816
4,653,823
1,082,523
2,588,708
818,997
1,769,710
316,454
90,489
225,965
501,960
172,336
329,624
347,199
146,112
201,088
255,451
598,144
404,862
193,282
603,238
55,128
31,964
69,582
37,549
112,909
134,284
102,919
58,902
1,224,393
174,491
62,565
58,745
53,181
8,032,684
5,690,042
1,246,140
3,119,016
1,005,838
2,113,178
378,703
113,051
265,653
594,673
209,177
385,495
407,336
169,720
237,616
305,834
740,631
511,167
229,464
789,390
74,012
49,429
83,729
42,125
141,840
169,706
154,060
74,488
1,512,383
244,278
85,372
85,052
73,854
2005
85,844
56,084
29,760
518,337
69,753
274,447
174,137
50,981
2006
100,263
62,176
38,087
569,907
79,872
290,239
199,795
61,580
2007
117,518
75,805
41,713
661,221
97,207
312,052
251,963
74,508
2008
135,942
89,363
46,580
735,132
121,232
315,039
298,860
90,315
2009
106,611
65,152
41,460
577,616
101,780
228,401
247,436
87,455
2010
129,947
80,586
49,362
674,341
117,866
277,955
278,520
96,860
9,085,243 10,629,804 13,111,690 15,037,997 11,914,564 14,165,890

6,568,698 7,740,886 9,809,573 11,504,468 9,188,017 11,072,040
1,386,936 1,519,588 1,597,629 1,622,608 1,270,292 1,544,904
3,439,299 3,997,218 4,794,120 5,255,683 3,984,279 4,522,684
1,185,861 1,409,110 1,818,345 2,065,487 1,566,139 1,795,843
2,253,437 2,588,108 2,975,775 3,190,196 2,418,141 2,726,841
412,169
468,691
549,065
604,546
481,702
534,691
128,306
143,951
194,729
219,594
180,373
203,139
283,863
324,740
354,336
384,952
301,328
331,552
637,728
752,643
898,478 1,000,760
793,196
935,589
237,026
284,112
354,465
401,363
324,937
390,315
400,702
468,530
544,012
599,397
468,259
545,274
448,797
534,118
565,581
563,364
441,336
493,364
203,123
262,993
267,862
275,071
220,749
249,419
245,674
271,124
297,719
288,293
220,588
243,945
336,995
368,737
412,700
468,965
365,791
445,417
853,084
982,521 1,165,317 1,272,818 1,168,209 1,442,755
589,976
681,712
838,975
929,485
859,803 1,075,746
263,108
300,809
326,342
343,333
308,406
367,009
870,357 1,016,590 1,236,242 1,481,903 1,199,823 1,522,632
96,966
117,126
179,155
230,625
204,940
250,259
51,806
52,931
78,968
127,351
93,773
119,036
97,381
113,071
124,990
137,042
106,932
133,542
42,702
47,945
55,133
59,493
48,199
60,928
164,908
219,212
254,190
304,797
242,763
303,825
187,589
216,918
267,668
312,866
246,149
317,001
142,270
153,802
162,722
177,684
155,650
209,129
86,735
95,585
113,416
132,046
101,416
128,912
1,812,079 2,224,068 2,713,156 3,287,053 2,672,576 3,201,236
296,539
389,613
523,358
662,935
435,387
523,441
108,152
141,288
200,619
256,507
153,492
186,790
100,984
132,389
158,737
188,384
139,294
168,980
87,403
115,935
164,002
218,044
142,601
167,671
Appendix table 6-25

Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
Balance
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
1995
148,810
22,620
126,189
217,955
41,752
56,920
119,283
60,731
22,480
38,250
314,690
49,282
151,861
113,547
27,029
1997
160,364
22,861
137,503
277,089
52,751
85,904
138,435
62,434
25,087
37,346
350,357
53,686
180,522
116,149
28,232
1999
173,550
26,706
146,844
270,418
42,676
105,067
122,675
58,045
20,076
37,969
373,577
56,340
199,042
118,195
27,157
2001
204,869
28,265
176,605
304,517
49,726
123,503
131,288
70,578
23,170
47,408
378,345
53,844
201,718
122,782
35,435
2003
273,062
27,849
245,214
290,603
40,088
124,722
125,793
89,899
29,765
60,134
432,796
74,400
212,612
145,784
53,440
2004
334,192
34,930
299,262
363,466
52,679
150,113
160,674
113,078
40,568
72,509
504,366
91,633
242,284
170,449
66,080
2005
412,610
41,659
370,951
442,468
64,085
170,608
207,776
137,063
49,093
87,970
580,743
104,095
282,919
193,729
79,719
2006
532,482
44,546
487,936
548,215
80,787
200,986
266,442
172,680
61,324
111,356
652,683
116,049
314,684
221,951
101,075
2007
612,192
55,718
556,474
690,276
108,263
235,773
346,240
220,341
73,425
146,916
753,443
142,092
339,758
271,594
133,886
2008
760,305
61,019
699,286
852,986
162,124
264,707
426,155
277,402
79,869
197,533
850,216
180,712
357,606
311,898
160,610
2009
726,997
43,697
683,300
667,564
122,732
207,690
337,142
237,351
60,403
176,948
698,873
150,715
284,909
263,249
143,754
2010
819,864
50,627
769,238
833,646
155,464
285,897
392,285
278,156
68,880
209,276
851,814
178,737
376,986
296,090
172,471
-169,581
150,589
150,589
0
11,145
24,927
-13,782
109,023
53,942
55,081
-12,636
-1,516
-11,120
233,032
-4,353
-4,353
0
15,646
-5,580
-3,082
8,786
-8,043
-8,067
17,661
32,956
-18,984
-181,772
153,486
153,486
0
23,485
24,717
-1,232
114,588
61,013
53,575
-14,098
-2,154
-11,944
211,253
22,428
22,428
0
57,754
-1,687
1,622
12,583
-8,231
-8,601
28,586
37,416
-3,933
-332,593
76,667
76,667
0
11,813
16,703
-4,890
118,468
51,414
67,055
-36,735
-21,893
-14,842
220,987
75,184
75,184
0
144,861
-1,845
20,347
28,581
2,923
-2,833
53,705
32,865
11,119
-391,295
108,914
108,914
0
15,474
24,875
-9,401
136,647
65,222
71,425
-42,762
-29,730
-13,032
184,601
96,920
96,920
0
176,005
6,259
18,762
29,606
3,226
-2,563
53,771
56,347
10,597
-492,865
162,159
162,159
0
14,704
27,051
-12,347
210,134
95,409
114,724
-66,929
-27,398
-39,531
225,996
137,654
137,654
0
225,936
8,970
19,658
34,718
5,573
5,328
63,400
73,800
14,489
-582,746
164,475
164,475
0
5,615
24,421
-18,806
272,606
118,621
153,984
-87,888
-33,283
-54,605
271,287
214,963
214,963
0
236,686
3,559
12,030
38,310
5,459
4,638
90,247
65,128
17,315
-601,440
133,012
133,012
0
-11,735
17,115
-28,849
296,936
120,660
176,276
-94,660
-46,110
-48,551
272,846
308,708
308,708
0
290,331
-1,361
14,760
41,699
7,107
8,971
102,295
97,088
19,772
-616,432
57,633
57,633
0
-18,672
21,040
-39,712
310,158
128,866
181,292
-123,773
-100,933
-22,841
291,657
417,601
417,601
0
365,837
2,821
24,225
44,985
4,052
19,846
119,219
121,863
28,827
-591,030
141,978
141,978
0
-25,769
8,123
-33,892
389,798
155,621
234,177
-145,034
-66,650
-78,384
331,871
527,425
527,425
0
392,649
-6,019
16,837
46,298
1,313
25,079
136,054
136,146
36,942
-531,219
206,976
206,976
0
-31,363
16,240
-47,603
406,133
174,480
231,653
-117,388
-47,556
-69,832
354,633
661,505
661,505
0
372,484
-16,492
-13,677
55,972
-5,395
23,561
155,755
129,016
43,744
-382,051
201,398
201,398
0
-35,519
11,431
-46,951
296,306
134,428
161,878
-100,251
-45,603
-54,648
249,224
486,071
486,071
0
341,099
-12,336
5,811
49,754
-7,959
10,447
152,082
93,840
49,460
-404,425
201,024
201,024
0
-43,013
7,779
-50,792
331,007
149,587
181,419
-123,793
-59,976
-63,817
343,954
557,830
557,830
0
438,360
-1,016
7,934
53,994
-8,523
30,651
185,056
119,334
50,931
Appendix table 6-25

All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
1995
-117,996
6,236
8,683
-8,675
6,228
-76,742
-5,094
-71,647
-63,919
-8,501
8,354
-63,772
-20,377
2,442
-22,819
-13,159
-15,446
5,477
-3,190
-10,766
1997
-174,566
-21,423
-5,912
-16,588
1,076
-80,130
-926
-79,203
-80,191
-16,467
4,481
-68,205
-17,872
3,175
-21,047
-29,623
-14,816
-7,234
-7,573
-7,761
1999
-101,132
15,831
21,958
-8,239
2,111
-71,093
-440
-70,652
-53,308
-9,089
11,325
-55,544
-18,932
3,839
-22,771
-26,286
-20,903
1,435
-6,818
-5,388
2001
-55,626
40,463
30,908
-4,447
14,001
-71,342
3,356
-74,698
-43,837
-9,180
18,251
-52,908
-19,255
9,343
-28,598
-25,428
-14,430
87
-11,085
-6,804
2003
-100,959
15,707
25,009
-12,378
3,076
-97,398
4,962
-102,360
-12,477
10,173
16,668
-39,319
-33,553
6,356
-39,909
-47,043
-28,632
-5,875
-12,536
-16,094
2004
-97,830
16,828
35,455
-23,288
4,661
-92,991
4,042
-97,033
-28,880
14,977
9,178
-53,034
-37,674
8,942
-46,615
-47,858
-33,715
-5,436
-8,707
-20,332
2005
-183,604
29,061
41,158
-30,143
18,045
-159,758
2,698
-162,456
-47,606
17,188
3,383
-68,177
-51,219
6,991
-58,210
-62,406
-34,342
-8,472
-19,592
-28,738
2006
-296,775
31,658
36,842
-41,278
36,094
-217,977
3,826
-221,803
-88,447
10,660
-1,093
-98,014
-72,417
852
-73,269
-82,777
-36,177
-24,444
-22,156
-39,495
2007
-395,234
-6,840
50,129
-48,492
-8,477
-196,310
471
-196,781
-158,001
1,340
-8,072
-151,269
-102,823
2,380
-105,203
-92,222
-44,885
-27,706
-19,631
-59,378
2008
-445,028
9,855
82,674
-51,447
-21,371
-179,151
2,431
-181,581
-226,295
-40,410
-24,118
-161,767
-141,460
9,493
-150,953
-115,084
-59,480
-42,567
-13,037
-70,296
2009
-444,745
40,533
84,195
-35,053
-8,609
-258,845
8,276
-267,121
-155,488
-33,927
-5,319
-116,242
-130,739
4,749
-135,488
-121,257
-48,936
-56,508
-15,813
-56,299
2010
-540,690
54,819
122,216
-56,739
-10,658
-251,944
10,567
-262,511
-220,429
-40,930
-35,632
-143,866
-148,209
11,705
-159,914
-177,473
-60,871
-99,032
-17,570
-75,611

NOTES: High-technology export goods include aerospace, communications and semiconductors, computers and office machinery, scientific instruments and measuring equipment, and pharmaceuticals. ROW is trade between
named region/country/economy and rest of world. Intra-EU is trade between EU member countries. Data are not available for EU members Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, and Slovenia. China includes
Hong Kong. Intra-China is trade between China and Hong Kong. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. See appendix table 6-32 for full list of countries in each region.
Appendix table 6-26

Exports and imports of communications goods, by region/country/economy: Selected years, 19952010
Exports
World
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
193,705
150,453
20,147
54,626
24,243
30,383
6,478
2,890
3,588
12,628
5,518
7,110
10,129
5,237
4,892
29,620
28,205
15,337
12,869
43,834
157
1,854
13,854
1,249
9,685
8,829
4,932
3,274
15,845
1,317
42
271
1,004
1,827
1,569
259
7,348
148
6,903
298
214,589
162,705
25,333
68,745
30,103
38,642
8,268
3,588
4,681
13,788
6,268
7,520
13,465
6,887
6,578
24,101
31,147
17,905
13,242
40,239
182
2,547
11,680
1,700
7,619
7,906
4,790
3,816
23,195
3,011
331
505
2,176
2,630
2,274
356
10,208
621
9,180
407
242,451
174,512
25,768
85,191
30,556
54,635
10,582
4,240
6,342
15,947
5,511
10,437
14,885
4,946
9,939
25,865
34,466
21,162
13,304
41,120
183
2,720
10,803
1,320
5,614
11,049
5,459
3,973
28,420
1,233
205
829
199
3,613
2,981
631
14,443
734
13,456
253
291,732
210,602
26,094
98,000
33,736
64,264
11,176
5,117
6,059
18,363
6,932
11,430
18,547
5,361
13,185
25,741
49,546
32,681
16,865
55,126
239
3,858
14,044
1,737
5,747
17,694
7,417
4,391
35,754
1,690
192
1,159
339
4,719
3,633
1,086
20,538
1,802
18,438
298
343,089
248,906
19,000
104,376
36,547
67,829
10,563
4,942
5,622
22,896
8,860
14,036
14,929
3,852
11,077
32,091
82,288
55,934
26,355
71,459
409
3,832
14,630
2,129
5,501
28,506
10,210
6,242
33,035
2,623
215
2,006
401
4,388
2,800
1,588
18,572
1,653
16,647
272
442,819
326,620
22,291
127,273
46,239
81,034
12,350
5,507
6,844
28,687
11,687
17,000
13,629
5,151
8,478
37,644
119,183
84,018
35,165
93,401
505
4,175
16,868
2,641
7,872
38,864
13,431
9,044
42,137
3,978
306
2,968
703
5,348
3,275
2,073
23,462
1,611
21,375
476
536,160
394,885
27,957
160,970
60,888
100,083
12,935
5,422
7,513
33,367
13,407
19,960
27,045
13,198
13,847
37,360
152,256
111,065
41,192
104,992
627
4,250
21,562
2,603
8,748
41,449
15,244
10,509
51,667
4,406
272
3,387
748
8,143
3,143
5,000
27,871
3,170
23,817
884
642,512
443,990
30,813
209,926
58,363
151,563
15,882
5,458
10,424
35,057
13,902
21,155
55,518
8,404
47,114
36,885
188,668
141,709
46,959
114,834
936
4,008
23,029
2,441
10,833
43,692
18,668
11,228
58,317
4,717
484
3,421
812
5,757
3,476
2,281
35,776
3,560
31,377
839
610,537
464,837
34,254
146,808
54,194
92,614
9,615
4,346
5,269
30,936
13,064
17,872
9,822
4,204
5,618
36,288
210,186
157,101
53,085
116,026
1,381
4,436
19,275
2,483
9,381
45,892
21,918
11,260
64,208
4,508
440
2,801
1,267
6,735
2,530
4,205
41,637
2,431
37,951
1,256
634,189
484,143
35,897
148,519
53,307
95,213
8,822
4,378
4,443
25,191
10,750
14,441
9,549
4,126
5,423
36,927
226,192
171,359
54,834
119,898
2,247
4,721
19,050
2,471
8,268
49,804
21,161
12,175
65,493
4,067
574
2,436
1,057
7,064
3,470
3,594
42,800
2,629
39,495
676
543,744
415,136
31,175
117,928
40,214
77,713
7,454
3,811
3,643
19,040
8,002
11,039
8,800
4,017
4,783
26,965
209,956
159,061
50,895
98,316
4,281
4,665
14,139
1,712
4,463
41,064
17,557
10,434
58,093
4,169
659
2,013
1,497
5,555
2,679
2,875
37,829
1,823
35,433
572
655,191
506,943
46,366
133,061
46,490
86,572
8,321
4,303
4,018
22,092
9,311
12,781
9,549
4,424
5,126
33,451
256,709
195,032
61,676
120,534
5,580
5,721
17,332
2,429
5,752
48,060
22,955
12,705
63,622
4,540
831
2,104
1,605
6,536
3,118
3,418
41,362
2,161
38,644
557
Appendix table 6-26

Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
Imports
World
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
1995
133
106
26
5,191
509
3,177
1,506
28
1997
180
153
27
7,061
790
4,622
1,649
105
1999
248
207
42
8,786
649
6,367
1,771
96
2001
297
251
46
8,363
765
5,736
1,862
146
2003
398
341
57
6,808
519
4,503
1,786
246
2004
547
433
113
8,476
705
5,417
2,354
327
2005
715
371
343
10,093
700
6,753
2,640
439
2006
849
418
431
10,569
686
7,407
2,476
649
2007
771
512
259
9,392
606
6,512
2,274
1,164
2008
726
474
252
9,014
626
5,740
2,648
1,823
2009
736
538
198
7,326
606
4,667
2,053
2,479
2010
852
630
221
7,653
691
4,598
2,363
2,680
193,705
150,453
35,627
56,116
25,733
30,383
7,172
3,381
3,791
12,234
6,284
5,950
9,551
6,813
2,738
9,485
28,711
15,842
12,869
22,915
765
1,325
3,434
1,329
8,467
2,812
1,981
2,803
36,686
4,166
2,710
830
625
214,589
162,705
37,962
65,755
27,113
38,642
7,891
3,611
4,280
11,358
5,403
5,956
12,370
8,201
4,169
9,911
28,426
15,184
13,242
24,017
928
2,060
3,034
1,894
7,351
3,162
2,955
2,633
44,169
5,693
3,009
1,432
1,252
242,451
174,512
52,402
85,728
31,093
54,635
9,873
4,535
5,339
13,914
6,736
7,177
14,330
6,554
7,776
10,369
25,904
12,599
13,304
18,219
931
627
2,218
1,129
5,475
3,140
3,160
1,538
46,479
4,265
1,126
2,233
906
291,732
210,602
64,640
101,835
37,570
64,264
11,853
4,526
7,327
19,916
8,695
11,220
15,053
7,092
7,961
13,803
33,871
17,005
16,865
23,990
1,403
1,089
3,146
1,708
6,105
4,310
3,460
2,770
51,527
4,834
2,321
1,334
1,179
343,089
248,906
73,443
116,788
48,959
67,829
12,792
6,307
6,485
21,640
11,705
9,936
18,000
8,588
9,412
13,820
49,632
23,278
26,355
29,240
3,646
1,364
3,199
1,459
7,151
5,753
3,832
2,837
58,492
8,021
4,076
1,997
1,948
442,819
326,620
90,279
153,158
72,124
81,034
16,069
8,545
7,524
28,487
17,459
11,029
23,956
11,416
12,540
17,212
62,035
26,870
35,165
37,808
4,990
1,627
3,921
1,776
10,205
7,362
4,393
3,535
80,171
12,322
6,294
3,115
2,913
536,160
394,885
107,238
187,532
87,449
100,083
20,465
10,464
10,001
33,361
20,037
13,324
28,481
12,252
16,230
19,684
70,578
29,386
41,192
40,731
5,440
1,593
4,145
1,760
11,468
7,721
4,618
3,986
108,049
15,693
8,248
3,679
3,765
642,512
443,990
118,835
252,657
101,093
151,563
35,934
11,651
24,283
41,513
25,382
16,131
42,093
15,754
26,339
19,211
79,681
32,723
46,959
48,870
7,897
2,036
4,583
2,046
14,314
8,902
4,614
4,479
120,779
17,764
8,701
4,168
4,895
610,537
464,837
133,282
194,974
102,360
92,614
19,092
11,441
7,651
33,290
21,731
11,559
26,695
13,430
13,265
20,107
89,121
36,036
53,085
48,149
8,934
2,721
4,579
2,019
13,679
8,161
4,348
3,708
120,552
20,559
10,874
4,739
4,946
634,189
484,143
136,962
193,754
98,541
95,213
19,781
12,184
7,597
31,380
20,141
11,238
25,385
12,653
12,732
22,228
92,887
38,053
54,834
52,278
10,603
5,531
4,800
1,973
11,554
9,131
4,622
4,064
133,514
22,385
12,499
4,428
5,459
543,744
415,136
122,547
158,640
80,926
77,713
17,404
10,897
6,507
27,600
17,160
10,440
21,140
10,764
10,376
21,427
84,049
33,154
50,895
44,902
10,436
4,697
4,065
1,974
8,358
7,696
3,957
3,720
110,036
13,529
6,390
3,827
3,313
655,191
506,943
140,888
183,850
97,279
86,572
20,874
13,578
7,296
32,415
20,756
11,659
24,440
12,952
11,488
25,833
101,915
40,239
61,676
56,974
13,532
5,778
5,050
2,767
10,377
9,771
5,083
4,616
143,233
15,952
7,469
4,651
3,832
Appendix table 6-26

Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
Balance
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
1995
6,811
1,019
5,792
11,248
2,444
3,075
5,729
2,319
1,312
1,007
11,199
2,742
5,050
3,407
944
1997
6,965
993
5,972
15,211
3,861
4,458
6,892
2,751
1,593
1,158
12,626
2,852
6,263
3,511
923
1999
7,790
1,369
6,421
14,950
2,952
5,399
6,599
3,130
1,654
1,477
15,425
3,501
7,647
4,277
919
2001
10,127
1,320
8,806
16,157
2,964
7,056
6,137
3,253
1,485
1,768
16,163
3,448
8,633
4,082
993
2003
13,742
1,116
12,625
13,580
1,831
6,549
5,199
4,061
1,643
2,418
17,642
4,587
8,409
4,646
1,446
2004
17,428
1,466
15,962
19,979
2,894
9,135
7,951
5,585
2,517
3,068
22,431
6,180
10,078
6,174
2,425
2005
26,869
1,630
25,240
27,288
3,856
11,431
12,002
6,995
3,072
3,923
27,495
6,844
11,227
9,424
3,708
2006
24,246
1,643
22,603
36,655
4,982
16,424
15,249
8,824
3,652
5,171
28,836
7,856
12,889
8,092
4,454
2007
22,723
1,691
21,032
35,442
3,574
15,744
16,125
8,464
3,363
5,101
28,726
7,974
13,258
7,494
4,638
2008
23,785
1,827
21,959
43,822
7,768
17,978
18,076
9,390
3,064
6,326
29,440
8,049
14,070
7,321
4,692
2009
21,351
1,696
19,655
35,838
5,330
16,812
13,696
7,932
2,628
5,304
26,749
7,966
12,014
6,769
4,638
2010
25,299
1,944
23,355
49,745
7,057
26,586
16,102
9,566
3,084
6,482
37,247
10,011
19,405
7,830
5,425
-15,480
-1,489
-1,489
0
-694
-491
-203
394
-766
1,160
577
-1,577
2,154
20,135
-506
-506
0
20,920
-608
529
10,420
-80
1,219
6,017
2,951
471
-12,629
2,990
2,990
0
377
-24
400
2,430
865
1,564
1,096
-1,314
2,409
14,190
2,721
2,721
0
16,222
-746
487
8,646
-195
268
4,744
1,835
1,183
-26,634
-537
-537
0
709
-295
1,003
2,034
-1,225
3,259
555
-1,607
2,163
15,496
8,562
8,562
0
22,902
-748
2,093
8,585
191
139
7,908
2,299
2,434
-38,546
-3,834
-3,834
0
-677
591
-1,268
-1,553
-1,763
210
3,494
-1,731
5,224
11,938
15,676
15,676
0
31,136
-1,164
2,769
10,897
29
-357
13,384
3,957
1,620
-54,443
-12,412
-12,412
0
-2,229
-1,366
-863
1,255
-2,845
4,101
-3,071
-4,736
1,664
18,271
32,656
32,656
0
42,218
-3,238
2,468
11,431
670
-1,650
22,753
6,379
3,405
-67,988
-25,885
-25,885
0
-3,719
-3,039
-680
200
-5,772
5,972
-10,327
-6,265
-4,062
20,432
57,148
57,148
0
55,593
-4,485
2,549
12,947
865
-2,332
31,502
9,038
5,509
-79,281
-26,561
-26,561
0
-7,531
-5,043
-2,488
6
-6,630
6,636
-1,437
946
-2,383
17,676
81,678
81,678
0
64,261
-4,813
2,657
17,417
843
-2,720
33,727
10,627
6,523
-88,022
-42,730
-42,730
0
-20,052
-6,193
-13,859
-6,456
-11,480
5,024
13,424
-7,351
20,775
17,674
108,987
108,987
0
65,964
-6,961
1,972
18,445
396
-3,480
34,790
14,053
6,750
-99,027
-48,166
-48,166
0
-9,477
-7,095
-2,382
-2,355
-8,667
6,313
-16,873
-9,226
-7,647
16,182
121,065
121,065
0
67,877
-7,552
1,715
14,696
464
-4,298
37,731
17,570
7,551
-101,066
-45,234
-45,234
0
-10,960
-7,806
-3,154
-6,189
-9,391
3,202
-15,836
-8,527
-7,309
14,699
133,306
133,306
0
67,620
-8,356
-810
14,251
498
-3,286
40,673
16,538
8,111
-91,372
-40,712
-40,712
0
-9,950
-7,086
-2,864
-8,560
-9,158
599
-12,341
-6,748
-5,593
5,538
125,906
125,906
0
53,414
-6,155
-32
10,074
-261
-3,895
33,368
13,599
6,714
-94,522
-50,789
-50,789
0
-12,553
-9,275
-3,278
-10,322
-11,444
1,122
-14,891
-8,529
-6,362
7,617
154,793
154,793
0
63,560
-7,953
-57
12,281
-337
-4,625
38,290
17,872
8,089
Appendix table 6-26

All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
1995
-20,841
-2,849
-2,668
-559
378
-4,983
550
-5,534
-3,899
-2,297
3,828
-5,431
-2,186
-1,206
-980
-6,007
-2,234
-1,873
-1,901
-915
1997
-20,974
-2,682
-2,679
-927
924
-4,335
1,281
-5,616
-5,003
-3,240
4,723
-6,486
-2,571
-1,440
-1,131
-5,566
-2,062
-1,641
-1,862
-818
1999
-18,059
-3,032
-921
-1,405
-706
-4,177
1,612
-5,789
-506
-2,219
8,058
-6,345
-2,882
-1,447
-1,435
-6,639
-2,852
-1,280
-2,506
-822
2001
-15,773
-3,144
-2,129
-175
-840
-5,408
2,313
-7,720
4,381
-1,162
11,382
-5,839
-2,956
-1,234
-1,722
-7,800
-2,683
-2,897
-2,220
-847
2003
-25,457
-5,398
-3,861
9
-1,547
-9,354
1,684
-11,037
4,992
-179
10,098
-4,927
-3,663
-1,302
-2,361
-10,834
-4,068
-3,906
-2,860
-1,200
2004
-38,034
-8,344
-5,988
-146
-2,210
-12,081
1,808
-13,889
3,482
-1,283
12,241
-7,475
-5,038
-2,084
-2,954
-13,955
-5,475
-4,661
-3,819
-2,098
2005
-56,382
-11,287
-7,977
-293
-3,018
-18,726
1,513
-20,240
583
-686
12,386
-11,117
-6,280
-2,701
-3,579
-17,402
-6,144
-4,474
-6,784
-3,269
2006
-62,462
-13,047
-8,217
-747
-4,083
-18,489
1,833
-20,322
-879
-1,421
14,953
-14,410
-7,975
-3,235
-4,740
-18,267
-7,170
-5,482
-5,615
-3,805
2007
-56,344
-16,051
-10,434
-1,938
-3,679
-15,988
839
-16,827
6,195
-1,143
22,207
-14,869
-7,693
-2,851
-4,842
-19,333
-7,368
-6,746
-5,220
-3,474
2008
-68,021
-18,319
-11,925
-1,992
-4,402
-16,721
1,643
-18,364
-1,022
-5,140
21,517
-17,400
-8,664
-2,589
-6,074
-20,425
-7,422
-8,330
-4,673
-2,869
2009
-51,943
-9,361
-5,731
-1,814
-1,816
-15,796
983
-16,780
1,991
-3,506
18,621
-13,124
-7,196
-2,090
-5,106
-19,423
-7,360
-7,347
-4,716
-2,158
2010
-79,611
-11,412
-6,638
-2,547
-2,228
-18,763
1,175
-19,938
-8,383
-4,896
12,058
-15,545
-8,714
-2,454
-6,260
-29,594
-9,319
-14,807
-5,467
-2,744

NOTES: ROW is trade between named region/country/economy and rest of world. Intra-EU is trade between EU member countries. Data are not available for EU members Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, and Slovenia. China includes Hong Kong. Intra-China is trade between China and Hong Kong. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. See appendix table 6-32 for full list of countries in
each region.
Appendix table 6-27

Exports and imports of semiconductor goods, by region/country/economy: Selected years, 19952010
Exports
World
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
183,378
163,463
24,859
32,895
15,071
17,824
5,530
2,530
3,001
8,335
3,185
5,151
7,852
2,223
5,628
43,328
8,281
6,190
2,091
65,271
73
258
13,617
4,086
13,165
20,461
10,297
3,314
4,434
86
64
3
20
640
280
360
1,221
92
1,117
12
199,994
174,581
31,296
35,555
13,710
21,845
6,291
3,335
2,956
8,072
3,363
4,709
6,199
2,049
4,150
35,852
10,888
7,320
3,568
78,339
113
504
16,865
9,053
14,651
19,832
13,353
3,968
6,247
117
81
6
31
1,190
738
452
1,646
94
1,521
31
231,445
207,219
39,206
38,512
19,199
19,313
6,709
3,679
3,030
9,248
3,834
5,414
6,841
2,155
4,686
34,681
13,488
8,574
4,914
92,161
120
598
17,919
13,671
15,749
22,622
17,086
4,397
6,928
210
153
12
45
1,303
663
640
2,281
149
1,896
235
236,361
202,657
35,882
40,695
16,550
24,145
6,249
3,462
2,787
11,229
5,218
6,012
9,377
1,671
7,706
31,830
18,345
8,786
9,559
97,314
157
777
19,183
13,929
17,484
17,585
23,279
4,920
8,342
195
98
10
86
2,201
1,581
619
2,936
155
1,939
842
289,680
249,398
37,216
42,468
19,187
23,281
5,700
3,608
2,093
13,744
6,773
6,971
5,366
1,480
3,886
36,374
30,668
13,666
17,001
128,841
207
969
23,298
17,454
23,519
21,364
34,834
7,196
10,632
261
114
31
117
2,096
1,239
857
5,679
184
1,758
3,737
355,185
302,497
36,493
52,799
23,791
29,008
6,625
3,962
2,663
16,322
8,022
8,301
6,742
1,991
4,752
42,062
43,905
20,224
23,680
163,891
397
1,130
25,404
19,507
30,290
27,958
50,647
8,558
13,275
382
189
27
165
2,676
1,544
1,131
7,055
166
1,995
4,894
386,644
327,872
43,224
52,136
22,935
29,200
7,155
4,605
2,550
16,021
7,556
8,466
7,169
2,450
4,719
41,324
53,088
23,516
29,571
182,423
350
1,121
24,536
20,262
34,622
32,083
60,665
8,784
12,152
446
143
34
269
2,298
954
1,344
5,564
144
1,847
3,572
442,628
375,313
47,935
54,429
25,089
29,339
7,708
4,806
2,902
16,935
8,110
8,824
7,000
2,434
4,567
43,242
68,007
30,031
37,976
213,275
386
1,096
24,822
20,484
43,602
34,648
77,798
10,439
12,567
442
158
45
240
2,649
1,132
1,517
5,589
142
1,778
3,670
476,817
398,985
46,233
57,040
26,632
30,408
7,632
4,954
2,678
19,638
9,306
10,332
5,171
1,902
3,269
46,150
81,945
34,522
47,424
229,378
438
1,221
27,237
21,753
47,543
36,324
82,874
11,988
12,889
483
184
46
253
3,001
1,247
1,754
5,678
54
1,357
4,267
477,257
393,018
46,527
58,401
27,047
31,354
7,340
4,685
2,655
22,008
9,277
12,731
4,959
1,771
3,188
46,041
94,422
41,537
52,885
215,140
794
1,247
19,686
19,302
47,447
33,057
82,139
11,469
13,883
546
208
46
292
2,888
1,286
1,602
6,156
106
1,479
4,571
430,964
349,210
33,366
41,442
17,749
23,693
5,701
3,398
2,303
14,991
6,514
8,477
3,791
1,252
2,538
37,641
93,917
35,855
58,062
205,719
740
1,007
30,937
14,971
35,599
32,609
78,370
11,486
16,402
561
188
42
330
4,722
3,624
1,098
7,191
108
1,758
5,324
510,351
421,814
47,259
42,526
18,636
23,891
5,744
3,517
2,226
15,820
7,141
8,680
3,784
1,275
2,508
45,086
107,647
43,000
64,647
247,650
911
1,222
36,374
18,435
43,392
38,881
95,622
12,814
17,608
585
217
42
326
3,065
1,881
1,184
9,978
124
1,974
7,880
Appendix table 6-27

Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
Imports
World
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
1995
29
21
8
2,444
59
2,013
372
14
1997
20
13
7
3,234
100
2,693
442
40
1999
123
103
20
2,978
99
2,338
541
33
2001
96
46
50
2,838
109
2,085
644
76
2003
100
82
18
2,423
172
1,534
717
73
2004
144
124
21
2,928
209
1,798
921
91
2005
143
125
18
3,569
232
2,278
1,059
131
2006
167
150
17
3,572
231
1,818
1,523
148
2007
189
172
18
3,397
281
1,794
1,323
140
2008
241
217
23
3,935
299
2,007
1,629
117
2009
244
182
62
3,473
128
1,895
1,450
213
2010
259
192
67
3,503
134
1,885
1,484
218
183,378
163,463
40,596
37,484
19,660
17,824
5,241
2,820
2,421
9,347
5,518
3,829
7,294
4,292
3,002
8,803
15,172
13,081
2,091
63,402
533
571
13,665
3,971
18,720
8,388
12,851
4,703
14,818
366
39
274
53
199,994
174,581
38,017
41,505
19,660
21,845
5,377
2,884
2,493
8,151
5,048
3,103
8,019
5,178
2,842
9,322
20,871
17,303
3,568
72,888
458
780
15,325
8,028
17,989
11,043
14,119
5,146
17,281
860
164
590
106
231,445
207,219
38,564
43,395
24,082
19,313
6,735
3,584
3,151
9,801
6,112
3,689
7,599
5,190
2,409
11,599
26,493
21,579
4,914
85,484
503
756
17,320
10,468
19,525
15,173
16,213
5,526
20,954
883
145
643
94
236,361
202,657
31,405
47,884
23,739
24,145
6,253
3,030
3,223
11,439
6,987
4,452
7,610
5,226
2,384
13,793
38,666
29,107
9,559
83,645
637
809
17,164
10,472
18,673
14,524
15,057
6,310
20,873
1,100
224
703
173
289,680
249,398
25,417
52,466
29,186
23,281
5,644
3,286
2,358
12,775
8,622
4,152
6,157
3,893
2,264
15,174
71,713
54,711
17,001
104,234
889
897
21,126
12,037
22,422
19,683
20,529
6,651
20,245
2,277
600
1,418
259
355,185
302,497
28,635
63,896
34,888
29,008
6,742
3,980
2,762
15,954
11,095
4,859
7,816
4,869
2,947
18,240
98,091
74,411
23,680
120,152
1,288
1,229
21,409
12,781
29,092
22,246
23,629
8,478
25,999
3,325
875
2,047
403
386,644
327,872
26,545
63,098
33,898
29,200
6,954
3,794
3,159
16,400
11,192
5,208
6,692
4,190
2,501
18,847
121,855
92,284
29,571
128,386
1,450
911
22,447
12,507
33,550
23,155
25,742
8,625
27,676
2,789
816
1,566
407
442,628
375,313
27,947
64,049
34,710
29,339
7,354
4,018
3,336
18,696
12,800
5,896
5,611
3,154
2,456
21,669
152,284
114,308
37,976
147,498
1,836
767
26,176
14,925
41,226
24,519
28,408
9,641
29,000
2,471
633
1,428
409
476,817
398,985
26,485
67,502
37,094
30,408
6,970
3,912
3,058
20,225
14,068
6,156
5,393
2,934
2,458
21,450
182,326
134,902
47,424
155,462
2,306
949
27,377
14,858
43,165
27,400
28,678
10,728
23,384
2,355
654
1,144
557
477,257
393,018
25,605
73,352
41,998
31,354
7,074
4,044
3,030
22,147
16,141
6,006
4,868
2,784
2,084
21,147
184,092
131,207
52,885
142,662
2,615
1,799
21,351
13,078
38,659
28,746
27,028
9,386
30,077
2,566
775
1,156
635
430,964
349,210
21,370
56,275
32,582
23,693
6,102
3,418
2,684
19,010
14,118
4,892
3,584
1,931
1,652
16,476
186,895
128,834
58,062
123,916
3,103
1,507
18,654
9,008
33,894
25,043
24,157
8,550
25,761
1,837
532
724
581
510,351
421,814
29,596
60,596
36,705
23,891
6,516
3,815
2,701
21,466
16,388
5,078
3,696
2,063
1,633
19,427
216,283
151,636
64,647
148,059
4,214
1,756
21,463
10,818
41,405
28,389
29,974
10,040
36,100
2,079
644
809
625
Appendix table 6-27

Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
Balance
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
1995
1,556
289
1,267
4,776
906
3,567
303
258
226
32
7,785
602
6,352
831
78
1997
1,406
245
1,161
6,889
1,271
5,159
459
221
181
40
7,661
652
6,276
732
243
1999
2,075
407
1,668
8,992
1,245
6,584
1,163
270
216
54
8,447
662
6,899
886
287
2001
2,328
701
1,627
10,719
1,676
8,147
895
303
216
87
6,061
561
4,424
1,075
363
2003
2,577
525
2,051
10,209
1,714
6,873
1,623
405
251
154
4,480
740
2,777
963
297
2004
3,470
978
2,492
12,447
2,588
8,189
1,669
549
359
190
5,806
886
3,672
1,248
403
2005
3,230
904
2,327
14,153
3,640
8,320
2,193
563
334
229
6,433
820
4,267
1,346
508
2006
3,782
891
2,891
15,212
4,214
8,149
2,848
623
373
250
6,235
784
3,887
1,564
677
2007
3,641
792
2,849
9,770
1,540
5,539
2,691
802
417
385
5,867
867
3,469
1,531
948
2008
3,863
933
2,930
15,314
4,902
7,632
2,779
842
424
418
6,530
899
3,825
1,806
961
2009
3,249
846
2,403
13,200
4,119
6,687
2,393
811
378
433
5,661
950
3,287
1,424
1,003
2010
3,525
972
2,553
20,241
5,210
12,776
2,256
898
394
503
8,085
1,113
5,427
1,546
1,272
-15,737
-4,589
-4,589
0
289
-291
579
-1,012
-2,333
1,321
557
-2,069
2,626
34,526
-6,891
-6,891
0
1,870
-460
-313
-48
115
-5,555
12,073
-2,554
-1,389
-6,722
-5,950
-5,950
0
914
451
462
-79
-1,685
1,606
-1,820
-3,129
1,309
26,530
-9,983
-9,983
0
5,451
-345
-275
1,540
1,025
-3,338
8,788
-766
-1,177
642
-4,882
-4,882
0
-26
95
-121
-553
-2,278
1,725
-758
-3,035
2,277
23,082
-13,005
-13,005
0
6,676
-383
-158
600
3,203
-3,777
7,449
873
-1,130
4,477
-7,189
-7,189
0
-4
431
-435
-210
-1,769
1,559
1,767
-3,555
5,322
18,037
-20,321
-20,321
0
13,670
-480
-32
2,019
3,457
-1,189
3,062
8,223
-1,390
11,799
-9,999
-9,999
0
56
321
-265
970
-1,849
2,819
-791
-2,413
1,622
21,200
-41,045
-41,045
0
24,606
-682
72
2,172
5,417
1,097
1,681
14,305
545
7,859
-11,098
-11,098
0
-117
-17
-99
368
-3,074
3,442
-1,074
-2,878
1,804
23,822
-54,187
-54,187
0
43,739
-890
-99
3,995
6,727
1,198
5,712
27,018
79
16,679
-10,963
-10,963
0
201
811
-609
-378
-3,636
3,257
478
-1,740
2,218
22,478
-68,767
-68,767
0
54,037
-1,100
209
2,089
7,756
1,073
8,928
34,922
159
19,988
-9,620
-9,620
0
355
788
-434
-1,762
-4,690
2,928
1,390
-721
2,110
21,573
-84,277
-84,277
0
65,777
-1,450
329
-1,354
5,559
2,377
10,129
49,390
797
19,748
-10,462
-10,462
0
662
1,042
-380
-587
-4,762
4,175
-222
-1,033
811
24,700
-100,380
-100,380
0
73,917
-1,869
272
-139
6,895
4,378
8,924
54,196
1,259
20,921
-14,951
-14,951
0
266
641
-375
-139
-6,864
6,725
91
-1,013
1,104
24,895
-89,670
-89,670
0
72,478
-1,821
-553
-1,664
6,224
8,788
4,310
55,111
2,083
11,996
-14,833
-14,833
0
-401
-20
-381
-4,019
-7,605
3,586
207
-679
886
21,165
-92,979
-92,979
0
81,803
-2,363
-500
12,282
5,963
1,705
7,566
54,213
2,936
17,663
-18,070
-18,070
0
-772
-297
-474
-5,646
-9,247
3,601
88
-788
875
25,660
-108,636
-108,636
0
99,591
-3,302
-534
14,911
7,617
1,987
10,491
65,648
2,774
Appendix table 6-27

All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
1995
-10,384
-280
25
-272
-33
-916
-9
-907
-3,555
-814
-2,450
-291
-229
-205
-24
-5,341
-543
-4,339
-459
-64
1997
-11,034
-743
-84
-585
-75
-216
492
-709
-5,243
-1,177
-3,638
-429
-201
-168
-33
-4,426
-553
-3,583
-290
-203
1999
-14,026
-673
8
-631
-49
-772
256
-1,028
-6,712
-1,096
-4,688
-928
-146
-112
-34
-5,468
-563
-4,561
-345
-254
2001
-12,531
-905
-126
-693
-87
-127
881
-1,008
-7,782
-1,521
-6,208
-53
-207
-170
-37
-3,223
-452
-2,339
-432
-287
2003
-9,613
-2,015
-486
-1,387
-143
-480
714
-1,194
-4,530
-1,529
-5,115
2,114
-305
-169
-136
-2,057
-568
-1,243
-246
-225
2004
-12,723
-2,943
-685
-2,019
-238
-794
566
-1,360
-5,392
-2,422
-6,194
3,224
-404
-235
-169
-2,878
-677
-1,875
-327
-312
2005
-15,525
-2,343
-672
-1,533
-138
-932
50
-982
-8,589
-3,495
-6,473
1,379
-420
-209
-211
-2,863
-588
-1,989
-286
-377
2006
-16,433
-2,029
-476
-1,383
-170
-1,133
241
-1,374
-9,623
-4,072
-6,372
821
-456
-223
-233
-2,663
-553
-2,069
-41
-529
2007
-10,495
-1,873
-471
-1,099
-303
-640
455
-1,094
-4,092
-1,486
-4,182
1,576
-612
-245
-368
-2,470
-587
-1,675
-209
-808
2008
-16,194
-2,020
-567
-1,110
-344
-975
353
-1,328
-9,158
-4,796
-6,153
1,791
-602
-207
-395
-2,595
-599
-1,819
-177
-844
2009
-9,358
-1,276
-344
-682
-250
1,472
2,778
-1,305
-6,009
-4,012
-4,929
2,931
-567
-196
-371
-2,188
-823
-1,391
26
-790
2010
-18,492
-1,494
-427
-767
-300
-460
909
-1,369
-10,263
-5,086
-10,802
5,624
-638
-202
-436
-4,583
-979
-3,541
-62
-1,054

Luxembourg, Malta, and Slovenia. China includes Hong Kong. Intra-China is trade between China and Hong Kong. Detail may not add to total because of rounding. See appendix table 6-32 for full list of countries in each
region.
Appendix table 6-28

Exports and imports of computer and office machinery goods, by region/country/economy: Selected years, 19952010
Exports
World
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
241,181
185,730
35,741
67,043
16,858
50,185
8,111
1,932
6,179
13,338
3,184
10,153
17,665
5,195
12,471
37,295
16,043
10,777
5,266
72,598
282
614
8,639
1,513
26,895
7,503
19,363
7,789
11,482
77
48
13
15
674
539
135
3,217
232
2,850
135
296,104
231,693
42,953
76,790
20,353
56,437
9,145
2,188
6,958
12,505
2,817
9,688
21,074
6,249
14,826
37,326
24,588
16,614
7,974
98,996
388
1,365
14,508
6,319
32,391
9,294
24,601
10,130
14,538
176
64
28
84
964
686
278
6,437
326
6,007
103
338,805
259,596
40,065
93,730
23,853
69,877
9,307
2,174
7,133
14,513
3,516
10,996
21,229
5,166
16,063
36,376
34,110
24,778
9,332
112,148
146
2,193
20,166
9,112
28,536
13,546
28,503
9,946
20,565
218
107
58
54
1,403
1,020
383
12,155
429
9,236
2,491
346,877
264,715
38,836
92,863
24,703
68,161
7,777
2,230
5,546
16,072
3,769
12,303
18,854
5,253
13,601
29,116
49,687
35,685
14,002
113,347
530
3,060
20,845
9,572
24,818
14,645
29,877
10,000
22,137
319
50
52
217
1,508
978
530
14,148
332
13,231
586
386,982
291,814
28,532
98,759
25,545
73,214
6,617
2,016
4,601
20,076
4,879
15,197
15,479
4,548
10,931
26,279
96,105
74,150
21,954
118,925
236
2,689
22,722
9,342
25,708
18,941
28,351
10,937
18,004
250
67
47
137
1,494
856
638
11,374
237
10,261
876
453,914
341,535
27,764
114,639
29,176
85,463
7,437
2,375
5,062
26,833
6,727
20,106
15,815
4,554
11,262
27,646
134,110
107,194
26,916
130,325
308
3,258
25,725
8,962
27,913
21,977
28,637
13,546
18,934
439
96
67
275
1,909
1,036
874
11,470
296
10,469
704
509,925
380,772
36,886
127,990
33,632
94,358
7,003
2,236
4,767
28,497
7,146
21,351
17,209
5,268
11,940
26,488
166,131
131,336
34,795
129,965
274
3,409
29,182
9,196
28,765
19,014
23,765
16,359
22,012
496
94
84
318
2,472
1,145
1,327
13,200
458
10,237
2,505
558,893
413,990
39,034
138,437
34,563
103,874
7,865
2,432
5,433
30,903
7,899
23,005
20,380
4,639
15,740
27,239
193,464
152,436
41,028
136,668
375
2,955
33,687
8,547
29,135
19,165
23,228
19,576
23,383
591
133
109
349
2,101
1,139
962
14,131
489
10,562
3,080
490,530
367,880
34,931
119,403
31,709
87,694
7,724
2,550
5,174
26,290
6,709
19,580
12,519
3,136
9,383
12,838
182,237
147,281
34,956
116,692
418
2,772
31,072
7,375
17,812
18,654
18,391
20,199
23,746
798
164
134
499
3,017
1,297
1,720
12,960
285
9,260
3,414
493,367
373,836
33,618
112,351
31,000
81,351
7,639
2,584
5,055
23,738
6,969
16,769
10,904
3,177
7,726
11,665
195,954
157,775
38,180
114,478
618
2,808
29,569
6,800
21,430
13,627
15,666
23,960
24,659
883
221
153
509
3,063
1,298
1,765
13,170
349
9,097
3,724
419,477
317,995
26,500
89,780
24,784
64,996
5,105
2,011
3,094
18,393
4,847
13,546
8,339
2,697
5,641
8,383
179,818
143,331
36,487
89,661
604
2,433
22,257
4,295
15,294
10,708
12,418
21,651
24,609
815
196
104
514
2,399
1,055
1,344
15,391
337
9,777
5,277
492,782
385,106
38,569
91,172
25,452
65,720
5,230
2,120
3,110
19,512
5,351
14,161
8,208
2,729
5,479
9,389
216,935
174,980
41,956
104,601
727
2,889
23,130
5,374
18,782
13,864
15,453
24,382
31,346
861
237
106
519
2,802
1,194
1,608
21,399
396
15,362
5,641
Appendix table 6-28

Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
Imports
World
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
1995
95
64
32
7,389
1,099
5,049
1,241
28
1997
136
101
35
6,709
1,005
4,351
1,352
117
1999
188
144
44
6,516
757
3,881
1,878
84
2001
144
111
33
5,896
670
3,726
1,500
122
2003
188
141
47
4,321
734
2,390
1,197
377
2004
193
143
50
4,593
772
2,659
1,162
330
2005
215
164
51
5,003
828
2,817
1,358
625
2006
365
259
106
5,091
830
2,966
1,295
1,104
2007
324
239
85
5,448
851
3,182
1,416
1,199
2008
300
238
62
5,332
903
3,042
1,387
1,911
2009
307
231
76
4,135
719
2,178
1,238
1,563
2010
334
253
81
4,285
778
2,230
1,278
1,665
241,181
185,730
59,392
97,645
47,460
50,185
12,360
7,086
5,273
20,635
13,341
7,294
18,877
9,422
9,456
15,310
12,131
6,865
5,266
25,045
607
207
2,529
829
11,494
3,176
3,555
2,649
31,114
2,209
1,274
530
406
296,104
231,693
71,585
113,529
57,092
56,437
13,202
7,354
5,848
19,914
13,370
6,543
22,805
12,988
9,817
18,199
18,380
10,406
7,974
35,343
959
426
4,284
2,152
15,097
3,674
5,199
3,552
37,828
2,542
1,184
876
482
338,805
259,596
82,178
135,150
65,273
69,877
13,663
6,863
6,799
25,177
15,098
10,079
27,001
14,934
12,067
19,451
22,590
13,258
9,332
37,069
1,193
385
3,558
2,253
14,188
4,869
7,287
3,335
40,959
2,750
1,029
1,199
522
346,877
264,715
74,794
130,341
62,180
68,161
13,241
6,436
6,804
25,493
15,510
9,983
23,706
11,794
11,913
22,663
33,125
19,123
14,002
40,850
1,642
543
4,441
2,707
14,011
5,893
7,518
4,095
43,750
3,212
1,676
737
799
386,982
291,814
78,037
142,660
69,446
73,214
14,347
7,329
7,019
28,963
18,038
10,925
23,060
9,709
13,351
23,509
50,424
28,470
21,954
43,887
1,856
598
6,713
2,937
13,718
6,105
7,316
4,646
47,448
4,888
2,590
1,280
1,017
453,914
341,535
90,710
169,737
84,274
85,463
17,881
8,999
8,881
33,199
22,428
10,771
26,540
11,060
15,480
26,131
59,511
32,595
26,916
48,675
2,595
731
8,605
2,923
15,720
6,540
6,829
4,731
57,870
6,475
3,131
2,027
1,317
509,925
380,772
95,332
188,061
93,703
94,358
18,939
9,391
9,548
37,824
25,012
12,812
27,371
11,845
15,526
27,162
73,383
38,588
34,795
55,634
3,563
792
9,528
2,898
18,001
8,224
6,496
6,131
68,942
9,103
4,127
3,256
1,720
558,893
413,990
103,297
209,122
105,247
103,874
21,090
10,628
10,461
41,445
28,141
13,304
29,111
13,080
16,031
26,191
83,895
42,866
41,028
58,284
4,574
788
9,864
2,685
17,418
8,891
7,154
6,910
76,695
10,451
4,804
3,619
2,027
490,530
367,880
81,369
183,718
96,025
87,694
18,397
10,078
8,319
33,504
23,914
9,590
26,382
11,254
15,128
22,221
72,376
37,420
34,956
50,464
4,501
1,079
10,277
2,649
11,062
8,709
5,556
6,632
78,680
12,251
5,468
4,014
2,769
493,367
373,836
76,521
176,419
95,068
81,351
17,669
10,450
7,219
31,763
22,530
9,234
23,715
10,217
13,498
22,929
76,167
37,987
38,180
56,205
5,765
2,725
8,865
2,888
15,612
8,325
5,047
6,979
83,457
11,702
5,458
3,746
2,499
419,477
317,995
73,037
138,836
73,841
64,996
13,831
8,192
5,639
25,332
17,264
8,068
17,986
7,791
10,195
18,641
68,756
32,270
36,487
46,131
4,910
2,194
7,488
2,132
12,082
7,021
4,443
5,860
72,796
8,413
3,510
3,479
1,423
492,782
385,106
94,238
148,586
82,866
65,720
14,542
9,003
5,539
27,884
19,605
8,280
18,637
8,583
10,054
21,385
79,733
37,778
41,956
55,301
6,315
2,457
8,645
2,533
14,212
8,482
5,880
6,778
92,044
9,828
4,260
3,984
1,584
Appendix table 6-28

Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
Balance
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
1995
2,403
772
1,631
6,517
1,573
1,984
2,960
1,861
1,288
573
17,780
3,824
8,798
5,158
344
1997
2,941
886
2,055
10,491
2,502
3,860
4,129
1,769
1,156
614
19,657
4,303
10,258
5,096
428
1999
4,224
1,210
3,013
10,344
1,861
4,439
4,044
2,088
1,331
757
21,016
4,397
10,522
6,098
537
2001
5,156
1,286
3,870
12,180
2,199
6,214
3,767
2,099
1,231
867
20,360
3,854
10,605
5,900
744
2003
5,704
1,131
4,573
12,471
1,345
7,900
3,225
2,581
1,528
1,053
20,832
4,571
9,576
6,684
972
2004
6,858
1,267
5,591
15,214
1,600
9,540
4,074
3,201
1,875
1,327
24,462
5,621
10,820
8,020
1,660
2005
9,024
1,549
7,475
18,402
2,853
9,309
6,241
3,772
2,235
1,537
27,032
6,323
12,097
8,612
1,609
2006
10,117
1,658
8,458
22,264
3,833
10,393
8,038
4,282
2,486
1,795
27,825
6,759
12,808
8,259
1,757
2007
10,966
1,588
9,378
23,010
3,943
10,411
8,656
4,350
2,116
2,234
26,415
7,029
11,959
7,426
1,688
2008
12,024
1,379
10,645
26,059
4,938
11,327
9,794
4,672
2,026
2,646
26,689
7,224
11,794
7,671
2,311
2009
11,693
1,279
10,413
23,698
4,547
10,310
8,841
4,191
1,788
2,403
22,562
6,262
9,362
6,938
2,239
2010
13,151
1,413
11,738
32,760
5,440
17,581
9,739
4,571
1,874
2,698
29,046
7,247
14,433
7,366
2,688
-23,650
-30,602
-30,602
0
-4,249
-5,155
906
-7,297
-10,157
2,860
-1,212
-4,227
3,015
21,985
3,912
3,912
0
47,553
-325
407
6,110
684
15,401
4,327
15,808
5,140
-28,632
-36,739
-36,739
0
-4,057
-5,166
1,109
-7,408
-10,553
3,145
-1,731
-6,739
5,008
19,127
6,208
6,208
0
63,653
-571
939
10,224
4,168
17,294
5,621
19,401
6,578
-42,113
-41,420
-41,420
0
-4,355
-4,689
334
-10,664
-11,581
917
-5,772
-9,768
3,996
16,925
11,520
11,520
0
75,080
-1,047
1,809
16,608
6,859
14,348
8,677
21,216
6,611
-35,958
-37,478
-37,478
0
-5,464
-4,206
-1,258
-9,421
-11,741
2,320
-4,852
-6,541
1,689
6,453
16,562
16,562
0
72,496
-1,112
2,516
16,404
6,865
10,807
8,752
22,358
5,905
-49,505
-43,901
-43,901
0
-7,730
-5,313
-2,417
-8,887
-13,160
4,272
-7,581
-5,161
-2,420
2,770
45,681
45,681
0
75,038
-1,620
2,091
16,010
6,406
11,990
12,836
21,035
6,291
-62,946
-55,098
-55,098
0
-10,443
-6,624
-3,819
-6,366
-15,701
9,335
-10,725
-6,507
-4,218
1,515
74,599
74,599
0
81,650
-2,288
2,527
17,120
6,039
12,193
15,437
21,807
8,815
-58,447
-60,071
-60,071
0
-11,936
-7,155
-4,781
-9,327
-17,865
8,538
-10,162
-6,576
-3,586
-674
92,748
92,748
0
74,331
-3,289
2,617
19,654
6,299
10,764
10,790
17,269
10,227
-64,263
-70,684
-70,684
0
-13,225
-8,197
-5,029
-10,542
-20,243
9,701
-8,731
-8,440
-291
1,049
109,569
109,569
0
78,384
-4,199
2,167
23,824
5,861
11,717
10,274
16,074
12,667
-46,438
-64,316
-64,316
0
-10,673
-7,528
-3,145
-7,214
-17,205
9,991
-13,863
-8,118
-5,745
-9,383
109,861
109,861
0
66,228
-4,083
1,693
20,795
4,726
6,749
9,945
12,835
13,567
-42,903
-64,068
-64,068
0
-10,030
-7,866
-2,165
-8,026
-15,561
7,536
-12,812
-7,040
-5,772
-11,265
119,788
119,788
0
58,273
-5,147
83
20,705
3,912
5,818
5,302
10,619
16,981
-46,537
-49,056
-49,056
0
-8,726
-6,181
-2,545
-6,938
-12,417
5,478
-9,647
-5,093
-4,554
-10,259
111,061
111,061
0
43,530
-4,306
239
14,769
2,163
3,212
3,687
7,975
15,791
-55,669
-57,414
-57,414
0
-9,313
-6,883
-2,430
-8,373
-14,253
5,881
-10,429
-5,854
-4,575
-11,997
137,202
137,202
0
49,300
-5,588
432
14,485
2,841
4,570
5,382
9,574
17,604
Appendix table 6-28

All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
1995
-19,632
-2,132
-1,225
-516
-390
-1,729
-233
-1,496
-3,299
-1,341
867
-2,825
-1,766
-1,224
-542
-10,390
-2,725
-3,748
-3,917
-316
1997
-23,291
-2,366
-1,121
-848
-397
-1,978
-200
-1,778
-4,054
-2,176
2,147
-4,026
-1,633
-1,054
-579
-12,949
-3,298
-5,907
-3,744
-311
1999
-20,395
-2,532
-923
-1,141
-468
-2,821
-190
-2,630
1,811
-1,432
4,796
-1,553
-1,900
-1,187
-713
-14,500
-3,639
-6,641
-4,220
-452
2001
-21,613
-2,893
-1,626
-686
-582
-3,649
-308
-3,340
1,968
-1,867
7,017
-3,182
-1,954
-1,120
-835
-14,463
-3,184
-6,879
-4,400
-622
2003
-29,443
-4,637
-2,524
-1,233
-881
-4,210
-275
-3,935
-1,097
-1,108
2,361
-2,349
-2,392
-1,387
-1,006
-16,511
-3,837
-7,187
-5,487
-596
2004
-38,936
-6,036
-3,034
-1,959
-1,042
-4,948
-231
-4,717
-3,745
-1,303
929
-3,370
-3,009
-1,732
-1,277
-19,869
-4,850
-8,161
-6,858
-1,330
2005
-46,931
-8,606
-4,033
-3,172
-1,401
-6,552
-404
-6,148
-5,203
-2,395
928
-3,736
-3,557
-2,071
-1,486
-22,029
-5,495
-9,280
-7,254
-984
2006
-53,312
-9,860
-4,671
-3,511
-1,678
-8,015
-519
-7,496
-8,133
-3,344
169
-4,957
-3,917
-2,227
-1,689
-22,735
-5,929
-9,842
-6,964
-653
2007
-54,934
-11,454
-5,304
-3,880
-2,269
-7,949
-291
-7,658
-10,050
-3,658
-1,151
-5,242
-4,025
-1,877
-2,149
-20,967
-6,179
-8,777
-6,011
-489
2008
-58,798
-10,819
-5,237
-3,593
-1,990
-8,961
-81
-8,880
-12,889
-4,589
-2,229
-6,070
-4,372
-1,788
-2,584
-21,357
-6,320
-8,752
-6,285
-400
2009
-48,186
-7,598
-3,314
-3,375
-909
-9,293
-224
-9,069
-8,307
-4,210
-533
-3,564
-3,884
-1,556
-2,328
-18,427
-5,543
-7,184
-5,700
-677
2010
-60,698
-8,966
-4,023
-3,878
-1,065
-10,349
-219
-10,129
-11,361
-5,044
-2,218
-4,099
-4,237
-1,621
-2,617
-24,761
-6,469
-12,204
-6,088
-1,024

each region.
Appendix table 6-29

Exports and imports of scientific instruments and measuring equipment goods, by region/country/economy: Selected years, 19952010
Exports
World
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
136,364
106,787
23,891
45,488
21,337
24,151
5,544
2,952
2,592
16,000
7,360
8,641
7,591
4,080
3,511
24,227
14,083
8,657
5,426
10,097
146
310
1,257
660
2,212
1,494
2,785
1,235
17,783
301
113
44
144
1,113
690
423
2,930
231
2,153
546
154,640
121,533
30,306
51,932
24,953
26,979
6,012
2,951
3,061
16,366
7,804
8,562
9,814
5,686
4,128
23,957
17,004
10,876
6,128
11,563
179
538
1,322
736
2,550
2,136
2,756
1,346
18,997
551
275
61
215
1,588
1,026
562
3,573
257
2,733
583
165,439
129,757
32,704
55,012
25,934
29,079
6,028
2,853
3,175
18,740
8,846
9,894
9,281
5,062
4,219
23,476
18,608
12,004
6,604
12,355
209
469
1,270
783
2,438
3,156
2,715
1,314
22,592
742
441
81
220
2,163
1,516
648
4,969
297
4,002
670
183,292
143,747
36,939
60,618
29,757
30,861
6,705
3,266
3,439
20,545
10,203
10,342
9,728
5,377
4,352
24,657
21,792
13,107
8,684
13,207
315
534
1,799
905
2,683
1,927
3,327
1,716
25,693
1,018
618
92
308
2,379
1,879
499
6,418
321
5,106
990
217,419
169,076
34,592
76,490
37,187
39,303
8,302
3,670
4,632
25,477
12,797
12,679
10,443
5,816
4,627
29,167
26,940
17,901
9,039
20,295
476
529
2,057
1,199
3,324
2,805
7,816
2,089
29,454
1,275
548
119
609
2,097
1,480
616
8,257
287
6,676
1,295
268,367
212,284
40,334
92,767
46,789
45,978
9,603
4,390
5,213
31,332
15,937
15,395
11,665
6,337
5,328
37,770
32,574
22,469
10,105
29,510
610
543
2,662
1,300
3,842
5,425
12,633
2,496
34,957
1,620
660
171
789
3,014
2,178
836
8,907
346
7,235
1,326
297,672
235,991
46,422
100,640
50,525
50,115
9,842
4,571
5,272
35,074
17,775
17,299
12,205
7,004
5,202
36,896
36,681
25,115
11,566
37,870
693
640
2,932
1,369
4,166
9,934
15,395
2,741
38,603
1,440
647
208
585
3,165
2,191
974
10,300
413
8,407
1,480
338,451
269,730
52,381
112,990
57,254
55,735
11,427
5,450
5,977
40,104
20,815
19,289
12,553
7,225
5,329
36,548
42,300
29,314
12,986
50,532
863
789
3,611
1,363
4,561
16,048
20,203
3,094
43,018
1,680
804
252
624
3,542
2,601
941
11,303
562
9,100
1,640
396,753
318,971
59,481
122,976
60,459
62,517
13,261
6,271
6,990
45,697
23,789
21,908
13,415
7,960
5,455
39,547
58,140
42,875
15,265
64,380
1,046
1,006
5,548
1,751
6,863
20,464
23,642
4,061
51,360
2,129
900
326
902
4,346
3,075
1,271
13,299
613
10,710
1,976
432,996
348,940
61,318
134,221
66,589
67,632
14,601
7,090
7,511
48,636
26,088
22,548
13,936
8,222
5,714
41,714
64,950
48,526
16,423
72,391
1,153
1,104
5,721
1,832
7,503
24,671
26,067
4,339
57,346
2,706
1,217
393
1,096
4,356
3,017
1,338
13,944
723
10,995
2,226
376,988
304,933
55,529
115,411
57,822
57,589
12,120
5,999
6,121
40,584
22,061
18,523
12,332
7,457
4,875
34,013
56,024
41,558
14,467
65,587
1,160
1,049
5,779
1,620
7,265
26,821
18,059
3,834
49,419
2,449
988
387
1,074
3,912
2,546
1,366
13,005
639
10,162
2,204
439,444
361,439
69,174
124,909
63,779
61,131
12,931
6,500
6,432
45,690
25,421
20,269
12,954
7,921
5,033
41,927
67,230
50,355
16,875
79,555
1,407
1,256
5,545
2,058
8,724
32,674
23,375
4,517
55,605
2,758
1,185
415
1,157
4,427
2,935
1,492
14,852
763
11,766
2,322
Appendix table 6-29

Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
Imports
World
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
1995
197
84
113
13,141
542
1,552
11,047
101
1997
220
117
102
12,946
653
2,045
10,248
120
1999
257
118
138
14,289
857
2,522
10,910
172
2001
240
138
103
15,396
1,052
2,892
11,452
242
2003
326
202
123
17,231
959
2,685
13,586
269
2004
455
238
217
20,630
1,101
3,235
16,294
331
2005
390
247
143
22,954
1,286
3,799
17,870
353
2006
395
269
125
25,623
1,522
4,273
19,828
476
2007
535
343
192
30,212
1,814
4,567
23,831
839
2008
667
423
244
34,681
2,079
4,940
27,662
993
2009
711
507
204
28,311
1,876
4,149
22,286
1,031
2010
766
547
218
31,649
2,081
4,757
24,811
1,155
136,364
106,787
24,013
47,500
23,349
24,151
6,842
3,392
3,450
10,662
6,852
3,810
7,085
4,465
2,620
8,640
13,473
8,047
5,426
17,215
881
616
1,685
636
3,372
5,005
3,345
1,676
24,477
2,164
1,009
710
445
154,640
121,533
27,577
52,231
25,252
26,979
6,737
3,484
3,253
10,832
6,885
3,947
8,534
5,161
3,373
10,856
14,348
8,221
6,128
19,779
922
695
1,703
930
4,088
5,091
4,819
1,532
28,764
2,757
1,147
1,060
550
165,439
129,757
31,810
57,664
28,586
29,079
7,816
3,937
3,879
11,936
7,755
4,181
8,654
5,121
3,533
11,203
14,740
8,136
6,604
19,462
1,020
364
1,541
952
3,622
4,343
6,513
1,106
29,793
2,226
724
992
510
183,292
143,747
34,483
61,227
30,367
30,861
8,094
4,074
4,020
13,343
8,769
4,574
9,242
5,225
4,017
12,830
19,682
10,998
8,684
20,671
1,245
489
1,967
1,071
3,799
5,128
5,611
1,360
33,517
2,867
1,293
838
736
217,419
169,076
38,839
70,920
31,617
39,303
9,645
4,369
5,275
14,397
8,787
5,610
9,758
5,000
4,758
14,186
29,874
20,835
9,039
25,350
1,558
505
2,018
1,255
4,180
7,538
6,518
1,778
37,310
4,069
1,730
1,248
1,091
268,367
212,284
44,754
83,117
37,140
45,978
11,411
5,068
6,343
16,691
10,130
6,561
11,534
5,820
5,713
16,741
41,648
31,544
10,105
36,166
2,024
626
2,477
1,672
6,073
9,954
11,048
2,292
44,758
5,430
2,138
1,797
1,495
297,672
235,991
46,945
92,840
42,725
50,115
12,256
5,605
6,651
18,689
11,414
7,275
12,284
6,766
5,518
19,174
49,360
37,793
11,566
37,661
2,618
794
2,424
1,561
5,622
11,525
10,470
2,646
50,271
6,429
2,466
2,309
1,654
338,451
269,730
49,899
106,399
50,664
55,735
13,484
6,418
7,066
21,864
13,454
8,411
13,000
7,123
5,877
22,142
56,598
43,612
12,986
42,251
3,181
823
3,155
1,664
6,736
12,294
11,178
3,221
59,754
8,312
3,556
2,654
2,101
396,753
318,971
69,646
120,427
57,910
62,517
14,701
7,304
7,397
24,668
15,997
8,672
13,959
7,325
6,634
20,542
68,040
52,775
15,265
41,148
3,931
1,040
3,395
1,776
6,991
11,193
9,268
3,554
74,999
11,154
5,076
3,277
2,802
432,996
348,940
71,079
132,404
64,772
67,632
16,021
7,765
8,256
27,255
17,382
9,873
14,613
7,714
6,899
21,163
76,850
60,427
16,423
43,095
4,679
1,589
4,246
1,661
7,601
11,087
8,001
4,230
86,456
12,939
6,258
3,299
3,382
376,988
304,933
61,264
114,228
56,639
57,589
14,131
6,861
7,270
23,809
15,001
8,807
12,191
6,236
5,955
17,115
69,652
55,185
14,467
37,991
4,828
1,404
3,842
1,358
6,409
9,109
7,020
4,021
74,955
9,285
3,978
2,726
2,580
439,444
361,439
70,579
124,216
63,086
61,131
15,150
7,500
7,649
27,172
17,423
9,749
12,617
6,460
6,157
19,982
84,831
67,956
16,875
48,381
5,707
1,672
4,859
1,684
7,934
11,556
9,964
5,005
89,464
10,617
4,643
3,102
2,871
Appendix table 6-29

Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
Balance
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
1995
4,121
651
3,470
5,841
1,420
1,692
2,729
1,330
712
617
10,544
1,716
4,750
4,078
478
1997
5,101
688
4,413
7,437
1,854
2,476
3,107
1,363
726
637
11,635
1,933
5,599
4,104
470
1999
5,139
1,090
4,049
7,476
1,562
3,066
2,847
1,336
710
627
13,153
1,897
6,856
4,400
463
2001
5,932
955
4,978
8,796
1,831
3,927
3,038
1,471
761
710
13,861
1,892
7,461
4,508
591
2003
7,170
992
6,178
8,403
1,467
4,152
2,784
1,851
943
907
14,950
2,333
7,088
5,528
867
2004
8,498
1,194
7,304
10,166
1,898
4,742
3,525
2,340
1,178
1,162
17,279
2,831
7,987
6,461
1,045
2005
9,065
1,337
7,728
12,112
2,425
5,056
4,632
2,682
1,340
1,342
18,752
3,238
8,457
7,057
1,231
2006
10,237
1,561
8,677
15,830
3,011
7,183
5,636
3,152
1,558
1,594
20,750
3,557
9,079
8,114
1,473
2007
12,411
1,646
10,764
22,359
4,468
10,334
7,557
3,967
1,782
2,185
23,327
4,060
9,920
9,347
1,781
2008
14,624
1,660
12,965
27,253
5,921
12,741
8,591
4,307
1,912
2,395
25,206
4,622
10,233
10,351
2,127
2009
14,064
1,403
12,661
22,661
4,857
10,156
7,648
4,120
1,617
2,502
22,564
4,344
9,095
9,125
2,261
2010
15,129
1,524
13,606
28,312
6,053
13,612
8,646
4,580
1,723
2,857
28,307
4,834
13,514
9,959
2,519
-122
-2,012
-2,012
0
-1,299
-440
-859
5,338
507
4,831
506
-385
891
15,588
610
610
0
-7,117
-736
-306
-428
24
-1,160
-3,511
-560
-441
2,730
-300
-300
0
-725
-533
-192
5,533
919
4,614
1,280
525
756
13,102
2,656
2,656
0
-8,216
-743
-157
-381
-194
-1,538
-2,955
-2,063
-186
894
-2,652
-2,652
0
-1,788
-1,084
-704
6,803
1,091
5,713
627
-59
686
12,273
3,868
3,868
0
-7,107
-811
105
-271
-170
-1,184
-1,186
-3,798
208
2,455
-610
-610
0
-1,388
-808
-581
7,203
1,434
5,769
487
152
335
11,827
2,109
2,109
0
-7,464
-930
45
-167
-166
-1,116
-3,201
-2,284
356
-4,247
5,570
5,570
0
-1,342
-699
-643
11,079
4,010
7,069
685
816
-132
14,981
-2,934
-2,934
0
-5,055
-1,082
23
38
-55
-855
-4,733
1,298
311
-4,420
9,649
9,649
0
-1,808
-678
-1,130
14,642
5,807
8,834
132
517
-385
21,029
-9,075
-9,075
0
-6,656
-1,414
-83
185
-372
-2,231
-4,529
1,585
204
-523
7,800
7,800
0
-2,413
-1,034
-1,379
16,385
6,360
10,025
-78
238
-316
17,722
-12,678
-12,678
0
209
-1,925
-154
508
-192
-1,457
-1,591
4,925
95
2,482
6,591
6,591
0
-2,057
-968
-1,089
18,240
7,361
10,879
-447
102
-548
14,406
-14,298
-14,298
0
8,281
-2,318
-34
456
-300
-2,174
3,755
9,025
-128
-10,165
2,549
2,549
0
-1,440
-1,033
-408
21,029
7,792
13,237
-543
635
-1,178
19,005
-9,900
-9,900
0
23,232
-2,885
-34
2,152
-25
-128
9,271
14,373
507
-9,762
1,817
1,817
0
-1,420
-675
-745
21,381
8,707
12,675
-677
508
-1,186
20,550
-11,900
-11,900
0
29,296
-3,527
-485
1,476
172
-98
13,583
18,066
108
-5,735
1,183
1,183
0
-2,011
-861
-1,150
16,775
7,059
9,716
140
1,221
-1,080
16,898
-13,628
-13,628
0
27,596
-3,668
-355
1,937
262
856
17,713
11,039
-187
-1,405
693
693
0
-2,218
-1,000
-1,218
18,519
7,998
10,520
337
1,461
-1,124
21,945
-17,601
-17,601
0
31,174
-4,300
-416
686
374
790
21,118
13,411
-489
Appendix table 6-29

All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
1995
-6,694
-1,862
-896
-666
-301
-3,008
39
-3,047
-2,911
-1,188
461
-2,183
-1,132
-628
-504
2,597
-1,174
-3,198
6,968
-377
1997
-9,766
-2,205
-872
-999
-335
-3,513
338
-3,851
-3,864
-1,598
257
-2,524
-1,144
-609
-535
1,310
-1,279
-3,554
6,144
-350
1999
-7,201
-1,484
-283
-912
-290
-2,976
426
-3,402
-2,506
-1,265
936
-2,177
-1,080
-592
-488
1,136
-1,040
-4,334
6,509
-290
2001
-7,824
-1,848
-675
-746
-427
-3,553
925
-4,478
-2,378
-1,509
1,179
-2,048
-1,230
-623
-608
1,535
-840
-4,569
6,943
-349
2003
-7,855
-2,794
-1,182
-1,130
-482
-5,073
489
-5,562
-146
-1,180
2,524
-1,490
-1,525
-741
-784
2,282
-1,373
-4,403
8,058
-599
2004
-9,801
-3,810
-1,478
-1,626
-706
-5,484
984
-6,468
-1,259
-1,553
2,492
-2,199
-1,885
-940
-945
3,351
-1,730
-4,752
9,833
-714
2005
-11,668
-4,988
-1,819
-2,102
-1,068
-5,899
854
-6,753
-1,812
-2,012
3,351
-3,151
-2,292
-1,093
-1,199
4,202
-1,953
-4,658
10,812
-878
2006
-16,736
-6,631
-2,752
-2,402
-1,477
-6,695
1,041
-7,736
-4,528
-2,450
1,917
-3,995
-2,757
-1,288
-1,469
4,873
-2,035
-4,806
11,714
-997
2007
-23,639
-9,026
-4,175
-2,951
-1,899
-8,065
1,428
-9,493
-9,060
-3,855
376
-5,580
-3,431
-1,439
-1,992
6,885
-2,246
-5,353
14,484
-943
2008
-29,111
-10,233
-5,041
-2,906
-2,286
-10,269
1,358
-11,626
-13,309
-5,198
-1,746
-6,365
-3,640
-1,489
-2,152
9,474
-2,543
-5,293
17,310
-1,134
2009
-25,536
-6,835
-2,990
-2,339
-1,506
-10,152
1,142
-11,295
-9,657
-4,218
6
-5,444
-3,409
-1,111
-2,298
5,747
-2,468
-4,947
13,161
-1,230
2010
-33,858
-7,859
-3,458
-2,687
-1,714
-10,702
1,411
-12,113
-13,460
-5,290
-1,846
-6,324
-3,815
-1,175
-2,639
3,342
-2,754
-8,757
14,853
-1,364

each region.
Appendix table 6-30

Exports and imports of pharmaceutical goods, by region/country/economy: Selected years, 19952010
Exports
World
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
71,827
44,142
6,436
47,877
21,001
26,876
6,993
3,301
3,692
10,366
5,219
5,147
7,329
3,274
4,054
1,911
2,355
1,546
809
1,550
469
48
77
18
488
263
91
96
11,038
271
40
56
176
295
165
130
1,095
183
357
555
83,403
52,988
8,041
55,424
25,829
29,595
8,008
3,475
4,533
11,728
6,443
5,285
9,055
4,441
4,614
2,192
2,388
1,568
820
1,990
763
59
74
29
517
341
102
105
13,026
523
111
86
327
604
435
169
1,603
238
515
849
103,304
65,540
11,075
68,404
31,317
37,086
10,010
4,003
6,007
14,938
8,400
6,537
10,566
5,260
5,306
2,749
2,464
1,787
678
2,302
894
92
75
23
745
284
87
103
15,646
586
124
90
372
827
593
234
1,854
297
667
889
131,075
81,644
15,144
88,130
39,279
48,852
12,761
5,717
7,043
17,092
8,278
8,814
13,743
6,800
6,944
3,141
2,611
2,032
579
2,942
1,296
98
82
28
901
328
88
120
18,597
663
143
124
397
1,464
1,175
288
2,237
302
870
1,064
202,735
116,771
18,756
147,036
61,634
85,402
18,994
8,623
10,371
24,322
10,743
13,579
20,058
10,239
9,819
4,299
3,511
2,949
562
3,948
2,191
138
111
22
829
418
96
144
24,640
1,010
228
201
581
1,733
1,378
355
2,390
355
1,027
1,008
247,927
139,502
23,341
179,612
71,697
107,915
21,959
10,647
11,313
35,109
13,293
21,816
23,169
10,856
12,312
4,570
3,903
3,394
510
4,559
2,464
143
130
32
1,028
464
140
158
31,366
1,319
207
263
849
2,165
1,718
447
3,193
437
1,603
1,153
277,852
156,760
25,662
199,356
78,814
120,542
24,506
11,672
12,834
39,793
14,088
25,705
22,780
10,113
12,667
4,587
4,478
3,928
550
6,988
3,085
124
145
31
2,689
535
186
193
36,012
1,354
215
346
794
3,035
2,459
576
3,187
553
1,216
1,418
310,619
179,210
28,669
217,728
86,922
130,806
26,533
12,996
13,537
46,716
17,272
29,445
25,721
12,130
13,592
4,055
5,293
4,689
604
9,878
3,782
164
151
34
4,656
629
237
224
44,035
1,402
260
396
746
4,060
3,408
652
3,427
704
1,222
1,500
368,978
217,136
32,962
255,111
104,024
151,087
29,765
14,513
15,252
58,275
21,286
36,989
29,696
14,684
15,012
4,429
6,992
6,237
754
13,344
5,778
224
192
42
5,763
824
243
278
54,593
1,878
309
449
1,120
4,814
3,805
1,009
3,846
872
1,273
1,702
418,004
247,058
37,814
285,271
115,363
169,908
34,934
17,435
17,499
68,081
24,427
43,654
32,817
15,525
17,292
4,616
9,607
8,569
1,038
14,093
6,710
274
187
40
5,222
1,038
289
332
64,258
2,064
341
607
1,115
6,259
5,333
926
4,663
1,140
1,488
2,036
429,212
260,895
42,840
283,932
116,614
167,318
35,442
17,900
17,542
64,855
23,790
41,065
32,301
15,452
16,848
5,550
10,208
9,209
999
15,339
7,007
272
275
49
5,905
1,202
312
317
68,229
2,845
426
665
1,753
6,401
5,470
930
5,387
1,339
1,627
2,421
469,651
285,639
44,557
308,664
125,804
182,860
38,396
19,289
19,107
72,286
25,134
47,152
32,908
14,681
18,226
6,645
12,271
11,119
1,151
18,220
8,807
336
296
64
6,584
1,360
407
365
75,980
3,088
487
699
1,901
8,226
7,224
1,002
5,743
1,633
1,670
2,440
Appendix table 6-30

Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
Imports
World
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
1995
81
52
29
9,265
642
599
8,024
30
1997
148
73
75
10,108
823
938
8,347
39
1999
121
80
41
12,202
1,037
1,112
10,052
56
2001
158
106
52
14,002
1,337
1,389
11,276
73
2003
187
127
60
19,239
1,488
2,352
15,398
81
2004
222
155
66
24,356
1,955
2,904
19,497
112
2005
237
161
75
28,032
2,430
3,409
22,193
167
2006
261
167
94
34,716
2,949
4,655
27,112
168
2007
365
239
125
43,480
3,603
6,207
33,669
210
2008
416
273
143
50,630
3,646
6,306
40,679
225
2009
495
325
170
52,831
3,766
6,613
42,451
272
2010
550
367
183
58,081
4,148
6,185
47,748
292
71,827
44,142
5,544
37,071
10,195
26,876
5,242
1,589
3,653
6,220
2,065
4,155
4,264
1,130
3,134
4,217
2,408
1,599
809
3,225
383
210
277
281
380
606
629
460
19,056
1,535
558
479
499
83,403
52,988
8,737
41,116
11,521
29,595
5,425
1,513
3,912
6,511
2,231
4,280
5,039
1,373
3,666
3,791
2,461
1,640
820
3,740
417
244
334
338
544
664
678
521
23,736
3,128
1,644
705
779
103,304
65,540
13,542
51,943
14,857
37,086
7,111
2,218
4,893
7,707
2,457
5,250
6,684
1,821
4,862
4,344
2,082
1,404
678
3,679
443
156
289
352
546
629
813
452
28,827
2,523
844
996
682
131,075
81,644
18,624
67,607
18,755
48,852
8,492
2,743
5,749
9,861
2,948
6,913
9,043
3,196
5,847
4,716
2,064
1,485
579
4,614
531
209
361
392
686
972
911
553
35,322
3,928
1,796
1,192
939
202,735
116,771
31,516
110,157
24,754
85,402
11,592
3,245
8,347
18,732
3,529
15,203
12,870
2,895
9,976
5,599
2,440
1,878
562
6,025
796
321
500
494
842
1,342
1,083
648
48,230
5,671
2,198
2,036
1,437
247,927
139,502
35,359
140,608
32,693
107,915
13,927
3,966
9,961
23,508
5,008
18,500
14,764
3,793
10,971
6,540
2,603
2,094
510
6,963
955
293
601
535
910
1,549
1,377
744
57,258
7,382
2,779
2,716
1,888
277,852
156,760
39,032
156,762
36,220
120,542
15,303
4,414
10,888
26,589
5,566
21,023
15,905
4,844
11,061
7,311
3,065
2,515
550
8,182
1,107
295
634
553
1,427
1,885
1,371
910
64,776
9,252
3,988
2,873
2,391
310,619
179,210
45,833
171,972
41,166
130,806
16,271
4,112
12,158
30,574
6,832
23,742
17,443
5,919
11,524
7,917
3,573
2,969
604
9,854
1,503
371
743
614
1,517
2,472
1,532
1,102
77,364
12,226
5,913
3,171
3,143
368,978
217,136
52,456
202,466
51,379
151,087
18,455
5,538
12,918
37,642
11,148
26,494
20,547
6,535
14,012
8,472
4,939
4,184
754
11,592
1,858
467
875
722
1,763
2,982
1,705
1,218
91,609
14,456
6,401
3,830
4,225
418,004
247,058
58,519
230,540
60,631
169,908
20,688
6,236
14,452
43,290
13,281
30,009
20,680
7,199
13,480
9,742
6,686
5,648
1,038
12,992
2,264
517
965
834
1,736
3,343
1,854
1,477
102,494
18,717
8,711
4,891
5,115
429,212
260,895
59,825
234,162
66,844
167,318
22,647
7,182
15,465
43,601
15,248
28,352
21,164
7,288
13,876
12,968
7,453
6,454
999
13,760
2,451
596
1,069
864
1,723
3,417
2,010
1,631
104,172
17,347
7,770
4,633
4,944
469,651
285,639
65,239
253,540
70,680
182,860
24,724
8,135
16,589
47,525
16,058
31,466
22,517
7,651
14,865
15,156
8,372
7,221
1,151
15,902
2,811
681
1,223
967
1,965
3,924
2,475
1,856
116,485
19,426
9,196
4,952
5,278
Appendix table 6-30

Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
Balance
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
1995
3,584
360
3,224
3,755
854
526
2,375
1,673
481
1,193
6,682
1,132
1,826
3,725
744
1997
3,779
445
3,333
4,801
1,328
737
2,736
1,717
569
1,149
8,075
1,472
2,236
4,367
796
1999
4,413
545
3,868
5,852
1,611
1,067
3,174
1,889
646
1,243
10,982
1,903
3,169
5,910
733
2001
5,039
612
4,427
7,008
1,659
1,449
3,900
2,186
720
1,466
12,940
2,127
4,221
6,592
878
2003
6,613
754
5,859
7,436
1,755
1,892
3,789
2,772
819
1,953
19,866
3,300
5,872
10,693
1,105
2004
7,685
845
6,841
8,829
2,047
2,212
4,571
3,281
1,012
2,269
23,464
4,155
6,618
12,691
1,234
2005
8,240
889
7,351
9,731
2,188
2,486
5,057
3,841
1,304
2,537
26,195
4,820
7,518
13,858
1,460
2006
9,189
1,036
8,153
11,772
2,792
3,093
5,886
4,806
1,738
3,068
30,400
4,906
8,971
16,523
1,576
2007
11,522
1,170
10,353
14,919
3,534
3,434
7,951
6,116
2,209
3,906
34,909
5,534
9,686
19,689
1,913
2008
13,686
1,334
12,352
16,849
4,480
3,954
8,415
6,360
2,139
4,221
35,946
5,866
10,937
19,143
2,193
2009
14,733
1,367
13,366
17,293
4,662
3,868
8,764
6,506
1,818
4,688
36,624
6,482
11,669
18,473
2,614
2010
15,680
1,516
14,164
19,601
5,430
4,519
9,652
7,073
1,929
5,144
40,629
6,971
14,077
19,582
2,864
892
10,806
10,806
0
1,752
1,712
40
4,146
3,154
992
3,065
2,145
920
-2,306
-53
-53
0
-1,675
86
-162
-200
-263
109
-342
-538
-364
-696
14,308
14,308
0
2,582
1,962
621
5,217
4,212
1,005
4,016
3,068
948
-1,599
-73
-73
0
-1,750
346
-185
-260
-309
-27
-323
-576
-416
-2,467
16,460
16,460
0
2,898
1,784
1,114
7,231
5,943
1,288
3,882
3,439
444
-1,595
382
382
0
-1,377
451
-64
-214
-329
199
-345
-726
-350
-3,480
20,523
20,523
0
4,269
2,974
1,295
7,231
5,330
1,901
4,700
3,604
1,097
-1,575
547
547
0
-1,672
765
-111
-279
-363
216
-644
-823
-433
-12,760
36,879
36,879
0
7,402
5,377
2,024
5,590
7,213
-1,623
7,188
7,344
-156
-1,300
1,071
1,071
0
-2,076
1,395
-183
-389
-472
-13
-924
-986
-504
-12,018
39,004
39,004
0
8,032
6,681
1,351
11,601
8,285
3,316
8,404
7,063
1,341
-1,970
1,300
1,300
0
-2,404
1,509
-150
-471
-502
118
-1,085
-1,237
-585
-13,370
42,594
42,594
0
9,203
7,258
1,946
13,204
8,522
4,682
6,875
5,270
1,605
-2,724
1,413
1,413
0
-1,194
1,978
-170
-489
-522
1,261
-1,350
-1,186
-717
-17,164
45,756
45,756
0
10,262
8,884
1,379
16,143
10,440
5,703
8,278
6,211
2,068
-3,862
1,719
1,719
0
24
2,279
-206
-592
-580
3,139
-1,843
-1,296
-878
-19,495
52,645
52,645
0
11,310
8,975
2,335
20,633
10,138
10,495
9,149
8,149
1,000
-4,043
2,053
2,053
0
1,752
3,920
-244
-683
-680
3,999
-2,158
-1,463
-940
-20,706
54,732
54,732
0
14,247
11,199
3,048
24,791
11,146
13,645
12,138
8,326
3,812
-5,125
2,921
2,921
0
1,101
4,446
-243
-778
-794
3,486
-2,305
-1,566
-1,145
-16,985
49,770
49,770
0
12,795
10,718
2,077
21,254
8,542
12,713
11,137
8,165
2,973
-7,418
2,755
2,755
0
1,579
4,555
-324
-793
-816
4,182
-2,215
-1,697
-1,313
-20,682
55,124
55,124
0
13,672
11,154
2,519
24,762
9,076
15,686
10,391
7,030
3,361
-8,512
3,899
3,899
0
2,318
5,996
-345
-927
-902
4,619
-2,564
-2,067
-1,491
Appendix table 6-30

All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
1995
-8,018
-1,264
-518
-423
-323
-3,289
-195
-3,094
-2,660
-671
-168
-1,820
-1,592
-429
-1,164
2,583
-490
-1,227
4,300
-715
1997
-10,710
-2,605
-1,533
-620
-452
-3,174
-10
-3,164
-3,198
-1,090
-222
-1,887
-1,569
-496
-1,073
2,033
-649
-1,297
3,980
-757
1999
-13,181
-1,937
-720
-906
-310
-3,586
48
-3,635
-3,998
-1,314
-400
-2,284
-1,767
-565
-1,202
1,220
-866
-2,057
4,143
-677
2001
-16,725
-3,264
-1,653
-1,069
-542
-3,575
563
-4,138
-4,771
-1,357
-579
-2,836
-2,028
-614
-1,414
1,062
-791
-2,832
4,685
-806
2003
-23,590
-4,661
-1,969
-1,835
-856
-4,880
624
-5,504
-5,046
-1,400
-865
-2,781
-2,585
-693
-1,893
-627
-1,812
-3,520
4,705
-1,024
2004
-25,892
-6,063
-2,571
-2,453
-1,039
-5,520
874
-6,394
-5,636
-1,610
-608
-3,417
-3,059
-856
-2,203
892
-2,199
-3,714
6,805
-1,122
2005
-28,765
-7,897
-3,773
-2,528
-1,597
-5,205
1,569
-6,775
-6,544
-1,635
-1,271
-3,639
-3,604
-1,143
-2,462
1,837
-2,390
-4,108
8,335
-1,294
2006
-33,330
-10,824
-5,653
-2,775
-2,396
-5,128
2,373
-7,501
-8,345
-2,088
-1,871
-4,386
-4,545
-1,571
-2,974
4,316
-1,957
-4,316
10,589
-1,408
2007
-37,016
-12,578
-6,092
-3,381
-3,105
-6,708
2,636
-9,344
-11,073
-2,662
-2,161
-6,250
-5,751
-1,970
-3,781
8,571
-1,930
-3,479
13,980
-1,703
2008
-38,236
-16,653
-8,369
-4,284
-3,999
-7,427
3,999
-11,426
-12,185
-3,340
-2,466
-6,379
-5,943
-1,865
-4,078
14,684
-2,220
-4,631
21,535
-1,968
2009
-35,943
-14,502
-7,343
-3,968
-3,191
-8,332
4,104
-12,436
-11,907
-3,323
-2,241
-6,343
-6,011
-1,493
-4,518
16,207
-2,716
-5,055
23,978
-2,342
2010
-40,506
-16,338
-8,708
-4,252
-3,377
-7,453
5,708
-13,162
-13,858
-3,797
-2,849
-7,212
-6,523
-1,562
-4,961
17,451
-2,823
-7,892
28,165
-2,573

Luxembourg, Malta, and Slovenia. China includes Hong Kong. Intra-China is trade between China and Hong Kong. Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies. See appendix table 6-32 for
full list of countries in each region.
Appendix table 6-31

Exports and imports of aerospace goods, by region/country/economy: Selected years, 19952010
Exports
World
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
77,238
62,353
24,612
39,749
24,900
14,849
16,453
11,509
4,944
7,344
1,580
5,764
10,354
8,773
1,581
609
270
233
36
1,449
16
8
385
5
285
188
9
553
6,652
1,363
172
10
1,182
802
720
83
374
167
146
61
106,381
89,294
39,594
45,632
28,597
17,035
17,990
11,996
5,995
8,686
2,128
6,558
13,810
11,820
1,990
1,380
372
320
52
2,158
95
39
500
36
445
457
31
555
9,231
2,314
265
78
1,970
953
812
141
857
686
47
124
126,316
101,073
48,443
53,253
28,059
25,194
20,466
11,165
9,302
13,504
3,058
10,446
12,913
11,162
1,751
1,698
421
372
49
1,273
25
59
483
18
320
300
50
20
11,582
1,226
576
296
354
1,405
1,218
188
2,266
1,855
100
311
118,876
90,042
42,783
53,217
24,445
28,772
24,503
13,324
11,179
15,402
4,337
11,065
6,431
3,408
3,023
1,790
520
457
63
1,547
94
35
157
37
666
463
73
24
18,011
2,295
1,854
242
200
1,941
1,494
447
3,197
2,910
72
215
114,886
85,755
38,083
53,966
24,908
29,058
24,618
14,049
10,569
16,010
4,330
11,679
6,133
2,912
3,221
1,142
410
337
73
1,991
70
89
137
158
786
438
123
190
18,649
3,564
3,170
158
236
1,746
1,479
268
2,575
2,239
83
252
129,967
96,319
40,604
64,043
30,508
33,535
28,227
16,718
11,509
18,514
6,210
12,304
7,059
3,291
3,768
1,404
511
398
113
1,788
68
65
218
208
640
313
106
171
20,938
3,512
2,988
300
225
2,248
1,487
760
4,622
4,420
56
145
137,693
101,919
49,169
65,466
29,792
35,674
29,729
16,009
13,720
19,247
5,791
13,457
8,331
4,060
4,271
1,680
581
481
100
2,150
76
106
270
132
1,020
316
126
104
18,103
1,004
594
150
260
2,299
1,552
747
3,684
3,311
52
321
175,919
131,645
66,252
82,129
37,960
44,169
40,284
21,752
18,532
23,723
7,477
16,246
8,541
3,863
4,678
2,216
723
618
105
3,037
128
214
344
114
1,495
452
135
155
21,061
1,732
753
291
688
2,783
1,683
1,100
3,779
3,273
98
408
199,278
152,830
75,446
88,097
41,833
46,263
41,171
23,268
17,903
25,717
7,782
17,935
9,885
4,998
4,887
2,806
954
769
185
4,034
403
132
615
89
1,707
541
160
386
27,093
2,701
782
533
1,386
3,893
2,541
1,352
6,134
5,210
259
665
228,570
176,155
83,484
102,768
50,415
52,353
47,741
27,703
20,038
29,443
9,006
20,438
12,379
6,214
6,165
2,774
1,270
1,208
62
4,689
686
104
583
88
2,166
554
161
346
32,723
3,844
1,433
349
2,062
6,689
2,105
4,584
7,054
5,386
571
1,098
229,109
175,110
81,804
107,122
53,198
53,923
47,675
27,504
20,171
32,992
11,551
21,441
11,893
5,424
6,469
2,878
1,343
1,268
75
4,921
705
207
687
92
2,165
621
137
307
30,215
3,023
829
478
1,716
4,367
2,440
1,926
6,854
5,199
597
1,058
230,783
176,478
79,222
109,248
55,025
54,222
49,424
29,175
20,249
33,149
11,278
21,871
11,963
5,566
6,397
3,078
1,497
1,415
82
5,764
799
235
776
112
2,612
738
160
332
31,156
3,170
907
494
1,769
4,675
2,685
1,990
7,458
5,829
661
968
Appendix table 6-31

Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
Imports
World
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
1995
106
84
22
3,998
485
3,009
504
10
1997
236
138
98
4,843
374
3,766
703
30
1999
343
129
214
6,335
342
5,072
920
6
2001
179
155
24
10,337
357
8,747
1,233
62
2003
260
88
172
10,465
370
8,004
2,091
40
2004
445
163
281
10,047
328
7,224
2,495
65
2005
871
647
224
10,184
382
8,146
1,655
62
2006
917
528
389
11,784
369
9,153
2,262
66
2007
881
584
297
13,381
421
10,494
2,467
102
2008
1,115
498
617
13,921
521
10,385
3,015
100
2009
973
431
542
14,908
644
11,083
3,181
91
2010
994
443
551
14,765
656
10,904
3,204
93
77,238
62,353
6,336
29,514
14,666
14,849
7,589
1,460
6,129
5,494
1,198
4,296
7,744
6,382
1,361
3,576
3,622
3,586
36
10,408
369
369
1,357
332
1,787
2,476
2,088
1,630
16,447
965
222
699
44
106,381
89,294
9,770
40,049
23,014
17,035
8,321
1,621
6,701
7,168
1,887
5,281
15,954
14,178
1,775
4,703
4,645
4,593
52
14,233
509
1,187
1,477
1,568
2,580
2,532
2,382
1,998
20,588
1,296
178
623
496
126,316
101,073
14,982
56,956
31,762
25,194
12,792
3,752
9,041
10,211
3,570
6,640
18,019
15,442
2,577
4,929
4,463
4,415
49
8,949
604
207
549
92
2,103
2,176
2,206
1,013
26,890
2,563
611
1,160
793
118,876
90,042
21,091
47,985
19,214
28,772
13,050
2,784
10,267
13,461
3,395
10,067
8,409
5,761
2,648
3,079
7,017
6,954
63
11,874
708
226
765
119
3,875
3,069
1,860
1,250
26,331
1,498
133
1,058
307
114,886
85,755
16,990
46,373
17,315
29,058
13,789
2,256
11,533
11,115
2,458
8,657
6,651
3,624
3,027
5,331
5,749
5,676
73
10,196
987
228
402
224
3,455
2,223
1,448
1,229
26,414
1,720
585
446
688
129,967
96,319
20,275
54,224
20,689
33,535
15,388
3,884
11,504
12,353
1,815
10,538
6,926
3,549
3,377
5,577
6,171
6,058
113
11,213
1,137
240
890
376
3,384
2,241
1,906
1,039
28,864
3,044
986
777
1,280
137,693
101,919
16,472
54,383
18,709
35,674
15,564
3,530
12,034
14,994
2,111
12,883
7,828
4,044
3,784
5,741
9,752
9,652
100
14,967
1,701
369
773
354
3,832
2,462
3,490
1,986
34,868
2,707
614
1,146
948
175,919
131,645
17,568
67,299
23,131
44,169
20,124
4,673
15,450
20,919
3,568
17,351
8,500
4,472
4,028
6,967
13,729
13,624
105
20,634
4,613
398
1,756
876
4,615
4,294
2,274
1,808
48,017
5,636
1,628
2,729
1,279
199,278
152,830
21,821
76,638
30,375
46,263
23,230
5,438
17,793
20,196
4,347
15,849
9,480
6,277
3,202
7,959
15,669
15,485
185
24,039
8,102
1,298
1,509
796
4,023
3,795
2,524
1,992
50,626
4,789
1,676
1,658
1,455
228,570
176,155
21,502
92,213
39,859
52,353
29,338
9,652
19,687
25,778
6,637
19,141
13,565
9,423
4,142
7,325
13,496
13,435
62
20,352
3,901
1,103
2,008
1,090
6,303
2,988
1,658
1,302
71,260
7,705
3,037
2,723
1,945
229,109
175,110
18,330
94,309
40,386
53,923
30,500
10,814
19,686
26,603
7,078
19,525
12,562
8,315
4,248
6,358
14,336
14,260
75
22,581
5,881
2,177
2,241
758
6,173
2,787
1,201
1,363
69,213
7,719
3,196
2,159
2,364
230,783
176,478
18,933
91,386
37,164
54,222
29,213
9,401
19,813
27,049
7,187
19,862
12,447
8,175
4,273
6,200
14,440
14,358
82
25,839
4,989
2,892
2,732
851
7,493
3,427
1,854
1,603
69,833
8,847
3,399
3,144
2,304
Appendix table 6-31

Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
Balance
United States
EU
EU ROW
Intra-EU
France
France ROW
France intra-EU
Germany
Germany ROW
Germany intra-EU
United Kingdom
United Kingdom ROW
Japan
China
China ROW
Intra-China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
1995
4,357
629
3,728
4,923
815
140
3,968
999
514
485
4,913
909
1,905
2,100
290
1997
6,112
669
5,442
3,485
1,114
271
2,101
1,207
458
749
8,139
1,138
4,187
2,814
349
1999
9,214
1,821
7,393
4,572
1,695
399
2,477
1,270
364
906
8,671
1,455
3,945
3,271
599
2001
6,997
1,126
5,871
5,652
2,500
733
2,419
2,074
880
1,194
9,893
1,236
5,327
3,330
217
2003
7,850
802
7,049
4,236
1,262
866
2,109
2,050
1,151
899
9,506
2,760
3,307
3,438
1,051
2004
6,827
1,408
5,419
5,575
2,203
1,262
2,111
2,525
1,428
1,097
8,761
2,649
3,563
2,548
2,132
2005
11,984
1,650
10,333
5,709
2,131
1,332
2,246
3,272
1,605
1,667
10,117
2,345
4,421
3,351
1,080
2006
15,799
1,644
14,155
10,583
3,830
2,264
4,489
3,317
878
2,439
11,231
2,538
4,775
3,918
1,452
2007
15,248
1,970
13,278
12,550
5,770
2,184
4,597
3,329
926
2,403
12,608
2,099
6,398
4,111
2,101
2008
16,005
2,078
13,927
17,712
8,189
2,856
6,667
9,450
1,474
7,976
18,641
4,524
8,642
5,476
1,747
2009
20,023
1,456
18,567
17,162
6,670
2,373
8,118
6,367
1,327
5,041
15,945
3,573
6,901
5,470
1,997
2010
19,021
1,345
17,676
16,276
6,362
2,649
7,264
6,582
1,315
5,267
16,962
3,370
7,594
5,998
2,146
18,277
10,235
10,235
0
8,864
10,049
-1,185
1,850
382
1,468
2,611
2,391
220
-2,967
-3,353
-3,353
0
-8,959
-352
-362
-972
-327
-1,502
-2,288
-2,079
-1,077
29,823
5,583
5,583
0
9,669
10,375
-706
1,519
241
1,277
-2,144
-2,358
214
-3,323
-4,273
-4,273
0
-12,075
-414
-1,148
-977
-1,532
-2,135
-2,075
-2,351
-1,443
33,461
-3,703
-3,703
0
7,674
7,413
261
3,293
-512
3,805
-5,106
-4,280
-826
-3,231
-4,043
-4,043
0
-7,676
-579
-148
-65
-74
-1,784
-1,877
-2,156
-993
21,692
5,232
5,232
0
11,453
10,540
913
1,941
942
999
-1,978
-2,354
376
-1,290
-6,497
-6,497
0
-10,327
-615
-191
-609
-83
-3,210
-2,607
-1,787
-1,227
21,093
7,593
7,593
0
10,829
11,793
-965
4,895
1,873
3,022
-518
-712
194
-4,189
-5,339
-5,339
0
-8,205
-917
-139
-265
-67
-2,669
-1,784
-1,325
-1,039
20,329
9,819
9,819
0
12,840
12,834
5
6,161
4,395
1,766
132
-259
391
-4,173
-5,660
-5,660
0
-9,424
-1,069
-175
-672
-168
-2,744
-1,928
-1,801
-868
32,697
11,083
11,083
0
14,165
12,479
1,686
4,253
3,680
574
503
17
486
-4,062
-9,171
-9,171
0
-12,817
-1,625
-263
-503
-222
-2,812
-2,147
-3,363
-1,882
48,684
14,830
14,830
0
20,160
17,079
3,081
2,804
3,909
-1,105
41
-609
650
-4,751
-13,007
-13,007
0
-17,597
-4,485
-184
-1,412
-762
-3,119
-3,842
-2,140
-1,653
53,625
11,458
11,458
0
17,940
17,830
110
5,521
3,435
2,086
405
-1,279
1,684
-5,153
-14,716
-14,716
0
-20,005
-7,699
-1,165
-895
-707
-2,316
-3,254
-2,364
-1,606
61,982
10,555
10,555
0
18,403
18,052
351
3,666
2,369
1,297
-1,186
-3,209
2,023
-4,551
-12,227
-12,227
0
-15,663
-3,215
-998
-1,425
-1,001
-4,137
-2,433
-1,498
-956
63,474
12,813
12,813
0
17,175
16,690
485
6,389
4,473
1,915
-669
-2,891
2,221
-3,480
-12,993
-12,993
0
-17,661
-5,176
-1,970
-1,554
-667
-4,008
-2,165
-1,065
-1,055
60,289
17,862
17,862
0
20,210
19,774
436
6,101
4,091
2,010
-485
-2,609
2,124
-3,123
-12,943
-12,943
0
-20,075
-4,190
-2,657
-1,955
-739
-4,881
-2,689
-1,694
-1,271
Appendix table 6-31

All others
Central Asia/Europe
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Southern Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
Other developing
1995
-9,794
399
-50
-690
1,138
-3,555
91
-3,645
-4,549
-648
7
-3,908
-893
-430
-463
-916
-424
1,104
-1,596
-280
1997
-11,357
1,017
88
-545
1,475
-5,159
143
-5,301
-2,628
-428
-224
-1,977
-971
-321
-651
-3,297
-764
-421
-2,111
-319
1999
-15,308
-1,338
-35
-864
-439
-7,809
-603
-7,206
-2,306
160
-300
-2,166
-927
-235
-692
-2,336
-1,112
1,127
-2,351
-593
2001
-8,319
797
1,720
-816
-107
-5,056
368
-5,424
-2,455
410
-661
-2,204
-1,895
-725
-1,170
444
-879
3,420
-2,097
-155
2003
-7,764
1,844
2,585
-288
-452
-6,104
677
-6,781
-1,662
978
-783
-1,857
-1,790
-1,063
-727
959
-2,390
4,696
-1,347
-1,012
2004
-7,926
468
2,001
-478
-1,056
-4,579
79
-4,658
-954
2,217
-1,205
-1,966
-2,080
-1,264
-816
1,286
-2,322
3,661
-53
-2,068
2005
-16,765
-1,703
-19
-996
-688
-9,685
-99
-9,587
-2,026
1,180
-1,280
-1,926
-2,402
-958
-1,444
67
-1,963
3,726
-1,696
-1,017
2006
-26,957
-3,903
-875
-2,438
-591
-13,016
39
-13,055
-6,804
-557
-2,166
-4,081
-2,400
-350
-2,050
553
-2,169
4,378
-1,656
-1,386
2007
-23,533
-2,088
-895
-1,125
-69
-11,355
571
-11,926
-6,416
-560
-1,925
-3,931
-2,448
-342
-2,106
773
-1,678
4,096
-1,644
-1,999
2008
-38,537
-3,861
-1,604
-2,374
117
-9,316
27
-9,344
-10,657
-2,804
-2,285
-5,569
-8,335
-976
-7,359
-4,720
-4,003
1,743
-2,461
-1,647
2009
-38,998
-4,696
-2,367
-1,681
-648
-15,656
985
-16,641
-10,308
-1,471
-1,776
-7,061
-5,394
-895
-4,499
-1,037
-2,929
4,181
-2,289
-1,906
2010
-38,677
-5,677
-2,492
-2,650
-535
-14,346
1,341
-15,687
-8,817
-533
-1,989
-6,296
-5,588
-871
-4,716
-2,197
-2,713
3,310
-2,793
-2,053

each region.
Appendix table 6-32

Regions and countries/economies in world trade data
United States
EU
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
Japan
China
China
Hong Kong
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
All others
Belarus
Moldova
Ukraine
Other CIS Southeast

Croatia
Other Europe
Israel
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
Saudi Arabia
Other Arabian Gulf
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Argentina
Venezuela
Other East Coast of South America
Bolivia
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Carribean Basin
Central America
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
Kenya
Other East Africa
Other Southern Africa
Western Africa
Other developed
Australia
Canada
All others
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Pakistan
Other Indian Subcontinent
Vietnam
CIS = Commonwealth of Independent States; EU = European Union

NOTE: Data are not available for EU members Cyprus, Luxembourg, and Malta.
SOURCE: IHS Global Insight, World Trade Service database, special tabulations (15 January 2011).
Appendix table 6-33

Trade in communications and computer and office machinery goods, by selected region/country/economy of destination and origin: Selected years, 19952010
Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
United States
World
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
55,888
18,017
6,460
3,034
7,533
265
268
742
366
2,192
1,982
1,002
715
1,914
2,887
236
75,551
22,928
7,551
4,143
9,440
481
84
887
354
2,249
3,315
1,551
519
2,975
7,707
149
64,843
19,062
4,741
5,701
8,772
932
105
1,245
257
2,446
1,617
1,138
1,031
2,129
4,961
242
84,935
14,538
3,208
7,517
8,051
1,026
124
1,068
475
2,139
1,647
785
786
3,602
17,893
217
EU
World
Intra-EU
EU ROW
United States
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
121,670
80,568
41,102
7,340
3,004
3,716
4,496
344
424
785
204
1,226
416
407
691
558
302
1,807
198,707
133,749
64,958
12,312
4,039
6,306
7,121
547
282
933
667
1,604
938
1,582
568
1,056
1,516
2,013
288,961
194,441
94,520
12,291
2,387
6,401
7,742
1,226
661
750
301
2,192
1,251
881
481
918
1,118
9,246
224,234
152,292
71,942
9,401
2,009
6,603
7,533
2,258
531
816
274
1,448
1,122
578
506
894
757
6,411
Import region/
country/economy
1995
2000
2005
2010
United States
World
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
Origin
95,018
7,340
25,107
7,709
39,041
93
889
7,758
885
12,271
5,724
8,539
2,881
118
8,486
2
162,544
12,312
27,101
21,138
59,321
58
1,743
13,410
3,092
10,883
12,525
13,552
4,058
695
25,303
5
202,570
12,291
18,075
75,709
61,065
185
1,636
23,086
1,514
7,225
11,382
8,975
7,063
826
26,169
6
235,126
9,401
7,844
115,122
48,773
606
1,237
11,163
1,035
3,504
13,006
10,968
7,253
97
44,356
6
EU
World
Intra-EU
EU ROW
United States
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
153,761
80,568
73,193
18,017
17,998
6,635
23,774
114
410
3,606
416
7,821
3,200
6,407
1,800
63
249
21
241,380
133,749
107,632
22,928
18,927
16,507
39,656
74
1,297
5,952
2,755
7,762
7,331
11,492
2,994
91
1,139
74
375,593
194,441
181,152
19,062
18,750
71,480
54,726
219
1,885
7,554
2,970
8,339
17,864
11,662
4,232
499
1,602
87
332,436
152,292
180,144
14,538
12,295
91,915
46,715
1,240
2,158
6,252
1,370
3,747
15,392
10,443
6,113
173
1,944
133
Appendix table 6-33

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Import region/
country/economy
1995
2000
2005
2010
Japan
World
United States
EU
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
66,916
25,107
17,998
6,550
10,424
107
334
1,356
633
3,720
1,494
1,854
928
274
430
324
69,316
27,101
18,927
5,988
11,451
64
438
953
1,260
2,875
1,906
3,115
839
256
695
71
63,847
18,075
18,750
11,386
8,451
126
275
672
1,064
2,176
1,898
1,294
946
139
1,526
264
42,839
7,844
12,295
11,443
5,978
296
204
495
543
985
1,668
720
1,067
145
1,201
198
Japan
World
United States
EU
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
Origin
24,795
6,460
3,004
2,426
12,487
4
140
2,401
722
3,279
1,461
2,766
1,714
8
88
0
40,135
7,551
4,039
6,114
21,663
25
647
4,520
2,273
2,459
3,562
6,113
2,064
62
284
0
46,846
4,741
2,387
23,416
15,329
48
606
2,726
1,819
1,714
3,181
2,474
2,761
7
412
2
47,219
3,208
2,009
27,901
12,796
56
702
2,938
1,181
1,096
2,965
1,817
2,041
2
331
1
China
World
Intra-China
China ROW
United States
EU
Japan
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
44,248
18,135
26,113
7,709
6,635
2,426
5,338
124
109
653
339
2,365
641
744
363
227
279
117
91,761
29,721
62,040
21,138
16,507
6,114
11,244
332
243
1,276
432
4,325
2,413
1,375
847
331
875
115
318,388
75,987
242,401
75,709
71,480
23,416
36,106
2,252
635
5,744
1,456
10,478
8,280
4,377
2,883
1,846
7,539
1,293
473,644
103,632
370,012
115,122
91,915
27,901
55,381
9,966
4,421
7,158
1,919
10,948
10,679
6,310
3,979
4,849
17,606
2,602
China
World
Intra-China
China ROW
United States
EU
Japan
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
40,842
18,135
22,707
3,034
3,716
6,550
8,438
6
49
1,119
145
3,642
1,093
2,119
266
2
6
5
63,690
29,721
33,969
4,143
6,306
5,988
16,417
32
227
2,790
788
3,869
3,434
4,116
1,162
2
284
33
143,961
75,987
67,974
5,701
6,401
11,386
42,797
56
364
4,316
3,089
7,207
13,798
8,150
5,818
29
331
12
181,649
103,632
78,017
7,517
6,603
11,443
49,426
326
718
5,512
2,322
3,800
16,103
7,570
13,075
97
526
14
Appendix table 6-33

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Asia-8
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
116,432
39,041
23,774
12,487
8,438
18,901
472
366
2,324
532
10,069
1,190
1,408
2,541
695
947
1,426
187,720
59,321
39,656
21,663
16,417
32,829
1,482
455
3,393
1,563
12,105
4,205
6,498
3,127
719
1,757
223
234,956
61,065
54,726
15,329
42,797
32,771
3,877
666
5,051
1,505
11,545
2,506
3,138
4,482
1,401
5,180
923
225,136
48,773
46,715
12,796
49,426
31,060
4,795
2,824
3,735
1,899
8,340
2,571
2,248
4,648
2,467
6,158
1,819
India
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
439
93
114
4
6
171
1
33
1
133
0
1
2
0
0
6
636
58
74
25
32
364
1
155
7
195
1
2
2
3
2
4
901
185
219
48
56
105
1
11
4
70
11
5
3
12
15
15
6,307
606
1,240
56
326
1,446
543
178
59
396
12
12
245
35
43
81
Import region/
country/economy
1995
2000
2005
2010
Asia-8
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
Origin
47,959
7,533
4,496
10,424
5,338
18,901
171
767
5,332
491
4,902
1,371
2,000
3,868
10
51
2
73,755
9,440
7,121
11,451
11,244
32,829
364
2,443
8,547
2,778
6,864
4,637
2,900
4,296
7
228
24
96,365
8,772
7,742
8,451
36,106
32,771
105
2,312
8,172
1,683
7,228
5,643
3,226
4,400
54
432
133
112,275
8,051
7,533
5,978
55,381
31,060
1,446
2,395
7,685
1,100
7,534
4,496
2,473
3,931
34
500
546
India
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
1,372
265
344
107
124
472
3
12
0
369
39
42
8
0
0
0
3,077
481
547
64
332
1,482
23
366
2
750
133
106
100
1
4
23
9,003
932
1,226
126
2,252
3,877
47
406
6
1,693
1,331
212
183
2
26
127
19,848
1,026
2,258
296
9,966
4,795
103
757
21
1,953
1,298
314
349
20
125
498
Appendix table 6-33

Export region/
country/economy
Import region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
Indonesia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
2,468
889
410
140
49
767
3
82
2
611
28
6
35
3
6
5
6,942
1,743
1,297
647
227
2,443
23
345
19
1,856
74
77
49
25
53
5
7,659
1,636
1,885
606
364
2,312
47
285
41
1,655
170
46
70
49
91
32
8,609
1,237
2,158
702
718
2,395
103
196
254
1,383
276
24
159
49
137
84
Indonesia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
1,532
268
424
334
109
366
1
16
4
108
179
51
6
2
1
0
1,578
84
282
438
243
455
1
23
0
51
344
24
10
0
1
0
2,385
105
661
275
635
666
1
85
12
135
395
15
23
0
2
2
8,235
124
531
204
4,421
2,824
543
215
53
1,202
656
58
97
1
53
7
Malaysia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
22,493
7,758
3,606
2,401
1,119
5,332
12
16
27
4,374
155
186
562
117
253
72
38,892
13,410
5,952
4,520
2,790
8,547
366
23
181
5,241
1,115
741
880
144
427
26
50,744
23,086
7,554
2,726
4,316
8,172
406
85
168
4,939
678
356
1,542
150
376
100
40,462
11,163
6,252
2,938
5,512
7,685
757
215
103
3,561
583
515
1,952
256
626
194
Malaysia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
5,963
742
785
1,356
653
2,324
33
82
133
1,244
109
312
411
1
2
0
7,596
887
933
953
1,276
3,393
155
345
145
1,251
415
488
594
5
11
0
13,673
1,245
750
672
5,744
5,051
11
285
258
1,399
1,072
899
1,128
2
21
0
13,695
1,068
816
495
7,158
3,735
178
196
101
1,239
651
432
938
3
25
15
Appendix table 6-33

Export region/
country/economy
Import region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
Philippines
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
2,762
885
416
722
145
491
0
4
133
210
39
90
15
0
12
0
12,242
3,092
2,755
2,273
788
2,778
2
0
145
613
538
876
603
38
76
1
11,799
1,514
2,970
1,819
3,089
1,683
6
12
258
620
204
394
189
26
189
9
7,803
1,035
1,370
1,181
2,322
1,100
21
53
101
237
248
181
260
146
207
40
Philippines
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
2,158
366
204
633
339
532
1
2
27
258
141
85
18
2
0
0
4,428
354
667
1,260
432
1,563
7
19
181
600
288
246
222
0
7
0
4,657
257
301
1,064
1,456
1,505
4
41
168
668
393
94
138
1
11
0
5,300
475
274
543
1,919
1,899
59
254
103
813
211
142
318
1
12
0
Singapore
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
36,581
12,271
7,821
3,279
3,642
4,902
369
108
1,244
258
594
897
1,433
220
161
761
35,615
10,883
7,762
2,459
3,869
6,864
750
51
1,251
600
1,199
1,782
1,229
117
200
51
37,513
7,225
8,339
1,714
7,207
7,228
1,693
135
1,399
668
464
1,181
1,688
309
1,131
208
24,534
3,504
3,747
1,096
3,800
7,534
1,953
1,202
1,239
813
456
620
1,251
97
618
76
Singapore
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
19,960
2,192
1,226
3,720
2,365
10,069
133
611
4,374
210
566
908
3,267
2
25
1
23,545
2,249
1,604
2,875
4,325
12,105
195
1,856
5,241
613
817
937
2,446
0
89
0
29,470
2,446
2,192
2,176
10,478
11,545
70
1,655
4,939
620
1,166
975
2,120
26
153
0
24,589
2,139
1,448
985
10,948
8,340
396
1,383
3,561
237
737
633
1,393
5
56
1
Appendix table 6-33

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Import region/
country/economy
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
South Korea
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
16,332
5,724
3,200
1,461
1,093
1,371
39
179
109
141
566
137
198
225
335
581
35,734
12,525
7,331
3,562
3,434
4,637
133
344
415
288
817
2,399
241
216
573
100
60,463
11,382
17,864
3,181
13,798
5,643
1,331
395
1,072
393
1,166
780
506
543
1,769
313
61,924
13,006
15,392
2,965
16,103
4,496
1,298
656
651
211
737
588
355
1,201
2,023
828
South Korea
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
5,987
1,982
416
1,494
641
1,190
0
28
155
39
594
308
66
1
9
0
13,136
3,315
938
1,906
2,413
4,205
1
74
1,115
538
1,199
975
302
1
65
1
15,945
1,617
1,251
1,898
8,280
2,506
11
170
678
204
464
546
433
20
88
3
18,252
1,647
1,122
1,668
10,679
2,571
12
276
583
248
456
467
528
4
184
21
Taiwan
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
24,294
8,539
6,407
2,766
2,119
2,000
42
51
312
85
908
308
295
75
153
0
41,955
13,552
11,492
6,113
4,116
2,900
106
24
488
246
937
975
123
124
293
22
39,009
8,975
11,662
2,474
8,150
3,226
212
15
899
94
975
546
484
237
877
160
38,408
10,968
10,443
1,817
7,570
2,473
314
58
432
142
633
467
427
390
1,554
309
Taiwan
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
5,536
1,002
407
1,854
744
1,408
1
6
186
90
897
137
92
1
1
0
14,324
1,551
1,582
3,115
1,375
6,498
2
77
741
876
1,782
2,399
622
0
9
0
11,114
1,138
881
1,294
4,377
3,138
5
46
356
394
1,181
780
376
2
79
0
10,962
785
578
720
6,310
2,248
12
24
515
181
620
588
308
1
20
4
Appendix table 6-33

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Thailand
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
11,063
2,881
1,800
1,714
266
3,868
8
6
411
18
3,267
66
92
55
25
0
15,702
4,058
2,994
2,064
1,162
4,296
100
10
594
222
2,446
302
622
53
133
16
26,867
7,063
4,232
2,761
5,818
4,400
183
23
1,128
138
2,120
433
376
75
733
87
37,088
7,253
6,113
2,041
13,075
3,931
349
97
938
318
1,393
528
308
293
950
207
Brazil
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Mexico
Russia
379
118
63
8
2
10
0
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
8
0
2,037
695
91
62
2
7
1
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
25
0
3,628
826
499
7
29
54
2
0
2
1
26
20
2
1
69
1
2,557
97
173
2
97
34
20
1
3
1
5
4
1
0
124
0
Import region/
country/economy
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
Thailand
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
5,452
715
691
928
363
2,541
2
35
562
15
1,433
198
295
1
12
0
6,072
519
568
839
847
3,127
2
49
880
603
1,229
241
123
0
42
0
10,118
1,031
481
946
2,883
4,482
3
70
1,542
189
1,688
506
484
1
53
0
11,394
786
506
1,067
3,979
4,648
245
159
1,952
260
1,251
355
427
0
25
0
Brazil
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Mexico
Russia
4,017
1,914
558
274
227
695
0
3
117
0
220
225
75
55
109
0
5,622
2,975
1,056
256
331
719
3
25
144
38
117
216
124
53
89
0
6,709
2,129
918
139
1,846
1,401
12
49
150
26
309
543
237
75
130
0
12,497
3,602
894
145
4,849
2,467
35
49
256
146
97
1,201
390
293
282
4
Appendix table 6-33

Export region/
country/economy
Import region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
Mexico
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Russia
9,754
8,486
249
88
6
51
0
1
2
0
25
9
1
12
109
0
30,037
25,303
1,139
284
284
228
4
1
11
7
89
65
9
42
89
1
34,054
26,169
1,602
412
331
432
26
2
21
11
153
88
79
53
130
8
54,006
44,356
1,944
331
526
500
125
53
25
12
56
184
20
25
282
26
Mexico
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Russia
5,058
2,887
302
430
279
947
0
6
253
12
161
335
153
25
8
0
12,870
7,707
1,516
695
875
1,757
2
53
427
76
200
573
293
133
25
0
20,740
4,961
1,118
1,526
7,539
5,180
15
91
376
189
1,131
1,769
877
733
69
2
44,167
17,893
757
1,201
17,606
6,158
43
137
626
207
618
2,023
1,554
950
124
1
Russia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
90
2
21
0
5
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
258
5
74
0
33
24
23
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
366
6
87
2
12
133
127
2
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
1,068
6
133
1
14
546
498
7
15
0
1
21
4
0
4
1
Russia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
3,984
236
1,807
324
117
1,426
6
5
72
0
761
581
0
0
0
0
2,796
149
2,013
71
115
223
4
5
26
1
51
100
22
16
0
1
12,375
242
9,246
264
1,293
923
15
32
100
9
208
313
160
87
1
8
11,729
217
6,411
198
2,602
1,819
81
84
194
40
76
828
309
207
0
26

NOTES: ROW is trade between named region/country/economy and rest of world. Intra-EU is trade between EU member countries. Data are not available for EU members Cyprus, Luxembourg, and Malta.
China includes Hong Kong. Intra-China is trade between China and Hong Kong. Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies. See appendix table 6-32 for full list of countries in each
region.
Appendix table 6-34

Trade in semiconductors, by selected region/country of destination and origin: Selected years, 19952010
Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Import region/
country/economy
1995
2000
2005
2010
United States
World
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
24,859
3,316
2,133
1,420
12,291
75
71
3,807
1,610
2,383
1,710
1,722
913
259
2,461
7
47,761
5,224
3,376
2,655
24,362
61
79
5,053
4,700
3,000
5,478
3,884
2,107
710
6,684
12
43,224
4,589
1,913
7,000
22,003
113
35
5,066
3,915
2,831
4,682
3,814
1,547
739
2,871
27
47,259
4,019
1,356
9,456
19,300
194
64
5,849
2,527
3,101
2,704
3,324
1,536
1,329
7,070
62
United States
World
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
Origin
40,596
3,698
11,418
1,328
21,172
18
131
5,146
2,008
2,780
7,108
3,085
897
13
957
5
49,210
3,326
8,797
1,958
29,712
26
281
6,336
5,531
3,338
7,608
5,176
1,416
29
1,829
13
26,545
2,514
3,070
2,031
15,020
39
184
3,449
2,391
1,494
3,072
3,720
671
4
1,166
9
29,596
2,011
3,563
3,898
15,173
67
167
3,968
1,706
1,583
3,007
3,736
938
4
1,099
17
EU
World
Intra-EU
EU ROW
United States
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
32,895
17,824
15,071
3,698
371
629
4,755
65
22
1,420
439
1,141
609
862
198
64
58
21
50,719
25,728
24,991
3,326
896
1,796
9,112
74
55
2,189
1,198
2,329
1,395
1,580
291
173
135
109
52,136
29,200
22,935
2,514
565
3,826
10,222
131
62
3,581
1,203
2,555
780
1,483
427
378
175
517
42,526
23,891
18,636
2,011
438
3,824
7,905
409
82
2,983
788
1,492
581
1,137
434
201
106
348
EU
World
Intra-EU
EU ROW
United States
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
37,484
17,824
19,660
3,316
4,952
593
7,035
13
6
1,964
521
1,413
1,637
1,148
332
39
55
6
59,430
25,728
33,702
5,224
5,611
1,511
13,858
34
100
3,083
1,410
3,082
3,070
2,363
715
74
116
21
63,098
29,200
33,898
4,589
4,848
2,745
17,934
142
73
4,485
2,882
3,723
2,793
3,040
796
27
190
37
60,596
23,891
36,705
4,019
3,956
10,034
15,778
561
105
3,916
2,056
2,230
2,533
3,575
802
11
143
37
Appendix table 6-34

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Import region/
country/economy
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
Japan
World
United States
EU
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
43,328
11,418
4,952
3,951
20,916
70
188
3,842
1,284
5,671
3,305
5,023
1,533
211
654
0
45,206
8,797
5,611
7,416
21,398
43
785
3,582
2,423
4,839
4,270
3,501
1,955
169
546
0
41,324
3,070
4,848
13,006
19,239
60
478
2,332
1,789
3,466
4,406
4,426
2,283
79
406
2
45,086
3,563
3,956
16,154
19,998
298
359
2,348
1,199
2,869
3,057
7,381
2,488
47
295
3
Japan
World
United States
EU
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
8,803
2,133
371
406
5,849
1
16
438
212
762
3,280
934
206
1
12
1
17,488
3,376
896
882
11,888
4
226
2,052
1,667
1,332
2,876
3,313
420
1
223
0
18,847
1,913
565
1,851
14,185
2
217
1,573
1,594
1,078
3,576
5,364
780
1
33
1
19,427
1,356
438
2,507
14,432
8
182
1,099
636
1,723
3,257
6,870
657
1
24
2
China
World
Intra-China
China ROW
United States
EU
Japan
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
8,281
2,091
6,190
1,328
593
406
3,397
83
26
127
119
903
894
1,142
104
22
18
3
19,054
8,134
10,920
1,958
1,511
882
5,776
106
29
436
216
1,131
1,861
1,756
241
127
139
6
53,088
29,571
23,516
2,031
2,745
1,851
14,548
194
100
1,873
918
3,516
3,401
4,082
463
345
991
97
107,647
64,647
43,000
3,898
10,034
2,507
22,507
788
205
2,786
1,202
4,743
6,314
5,934
535
1,082
1,190
58
China
World
Intra-China
China ROW
United States
EU
Japan
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
15,172
2,091
13,081
1,420
629
3,951
6,883
10
9
834
281
1,791
1,624
2,166
169
4
21
43
39,059
8,134
30,925
2,655
1,796
7,416
18,752
8
41
1,229
997
3,711
3,901
7,832
1,033
8
6
33
121,855
29,571
92,284
7,000
3,826
13,006
66,260
41
77
4,524
4,182
12,971
11,526
29,819
3,119
14
3
49
216,283
64,647
151,636
9,456
3,824
16,154
116,762
100
192
15,680
4,639
15,813
17,660
56,768
5,911
25
365
42
Appendix table 6-34

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Asia-8
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
65,271
21,172
7,035
5,849
6,883
21,398
202
257
4,449
510
8,377
1,686
3,997
1,919
338
344
5
126,085
29,712
13,858
11,888
18,752
45,683
341
182
8,908
3,792
14,254
5,641
9,446
3,118
800
973
9
182,423
15,020
17,934
14,185
66,260
60,188
884
224
9,310
4,513
20,129
9,541
11,789
3,799
1,857
2,970
146
247,650
15,173
15,778
14,432
116,762
75,392
2,397
1,038
6,870
4,978
28,172
15,051
11,940
4,946
2,151
2,614
123
India
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
73
18
13
1
10
23
7
3
0
7
2
2
0
0
0
0
141
26
34
4
8
50
0
34
1
4
8
0
2
1
0
1
350
39
142
2
41
42
1
5
3
21
3
3
4
2
4
11
911
67
561
8
100
77
4
8
1
39
11
10
4
1
6
2
Import region/
country/economy
1995
2000
2005
2010
Asia-8
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
Origin
63,402
12,291
4,755
20,916
3,397
21,398
23
92
4,705
891
5,877
5,665
2,536
1,609
2
26
6
109,985
24,362
9,112
21,398
5,776
45,683
50
364
9,857
6,587
10,256
8,679
7,510
2,380
30
204
8
128,386
22,003
10,222
19,239
14,548
60,188
42
491
9,319
7,726
13,594
9,607
16,564
2,845
11
152
22
148,059
19,300
7,905
19,998
22,507
75,392
77
471
10,169
8,280
20,095
10,473
21,967
3,861
10
183
29
India
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
533
75
65
70
83
202
0
9
1
129
33
19
10
0
0
0
644
61
74
43
106
341
2
41
11
219
30
34
5
0
0
1
1,450
113
131
60
194
884
4
356
7
344
107
42
24
3
3
1
4,214
194
409
298
788
2,397
70
203
31
1,489
113
296
196
1
7
9
Appendix table 6-34

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Import region/
country/economy
1995
2000
2005
2010
Indonesia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
258
131
6
16
9
92
0
3
2
76
2
4
5
0
1
0
1,050
281
100
226
41
364
2
61
39
131
46
37
48
3
6
1
1,121
184
73
217
77
491
4
89
14
311
30
16
26
4
3
4
1,222
167
105
182
192
471
70
20
8
315
24
9
24
18
20
0
Indonesia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
Origin
571
71
22
188
26
257
7
77
0
76
51
29
17
0
0
0
1,152
79
55
785
29
182
0
19
9
15
133
2
4
0
0
0
911
35
62
478
100
224
1
24
21
16
140
5
16
0
0
0
1,756
64
82
359
205
1,038
4
102
145
557
105
102
24
0
0
0
Malaysia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
13,617
5,146
1,964
438
834
4,705
9
77
110
3,085
414
728
282
58
29
1
23,806
6,336
3,083
2,052
1,229
9,857
41
19
641
5,770
1,438
1,261
686
198
60
2
24,536
3,449
4,485
1,573
4,524
9,319
356
24
477
5,404
1,196
1,130
733
243
62
45
36,374
3,968
3,916
1,099
15,680
10,169
203
102
360
5,878
1,451
1,489
687
528
27
46
Malaysia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
13,665
3,807
1,420
3,842
127
4,449
3
3
171
2,291
1,177
547
257
0
2
0
22,012
5,053
2,189
3,582
436
8,908
34
61
1,564
3,604
1,619
1,416
611
5
45
0
22,447
5,066
3,581
2,332
1,873
9,310
5
89
2,431
3,113
867
2,330
476
2
24
0
21,463
5,849
2,983
2,348
2,786
6,870
8
20
626
3,088
609
2,036
484
0
12
1
Appendix table 6-34

Export region/
country/economy
Import region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
Philippines
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
4,086
2,008
521
212
281
891
1
0
171
533
121
63
2
0
13
0
16,973
5,531
1,410
1,667
997
6,587
11
9
1,564
2,284
821
1,663
234
62
118
0
20,262
2,391
2,882
1,594
4,182
7,726
7
21
2,431
3,084
1,046
992
145
214
884
3
18,435
1,706
2,056
636
4,639
8,280
31
145
626
5,237
1,252
890
101
164
684
5
Philippines
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
3,971
1,610
439
1,284
119
510
0
2
110
194
179
23
3
0
0
0
12,838
4,700
1,198
2,423
216
3,792
1
39
641
650
1,434
891
136
0
3
0
12,507
3,915
1,203
1,789
918
4,513
3
14
477
793
1,128
1,850
247
0
1
1
10,818
2,527
788
1,199
1,202
4,978
1
8
360
1,284
1,322
1,605
398
0
4
2
Singapore
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
13,165
2,780
1,413
762
1,791
5,877
129
76
2,291
194
486
1,648
1,054
44
35
3
22,964
3,338
3,082
1,332
3,711
10,256
219
15
3,604
650
972
3,604
1,193
49
94
2
34,622
1,494
3,723
1,078
12,971
13,594
344
16
3,113
793
3,058
4,601
1,669
222
608
7
43,392
1,583
2,230
1,723
15,813
20,095
1,489
557
3,088
1,284
5,831
5,449
2,397
194
441
35
Singapore
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
18,720
2,383
1,141
5,671
903
8,377
7
76
3,085
533
2,660
1,003
1,013
1
12
4
26,290
3,000
2,329
4,839
1,131
14,254
4
131
5,770
2,284
2,695
2,724
645
21
80
1
33,550
2,831
2,555
3,466
3,516
20,129
21
311
5,404
3,084
2,636
7,735
937
3
79
2
41,405
3,101
1,492
2,869
4,743
28,172
39
315
5,878
5,237
4,457
10,452
1,794
1
124
4
Appendix table 6-34

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Import region/
country/economy
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
South Korea
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
20,461
7,108
1,637
3,280
1,624
5,665
33
51
1,177
179
2,660
1,316
249
143
204
1
27,642
7,608
3,070
2,876
3,901
8,679
30
133
1,619
1,434
2,695
2,262
506
299
401
2
32,083
3,072
2,793
3,576
11,526
9,607
107
140
867
1,128
2,636
4,387
342
703
185
30
38,881
3,007
2,533
3,257
17,660
10,473
113
105
609
1,322
4,457
3,679
189
548
117
3
South Korea
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
8,388
1,710
609
3,305
894
1,686
2
2
414
121
486
587
73
0
9
1
18,927
5,478
1,395
4,270
1,861
5,641
8
46
1,438
821
972
1,995
361
3
38
1
23,155
4,682
780
4,406
3,401
9,541
3
30
1,196
1,046
3,058
3,722
486
2
30
6
28,389
2,704
581
3,057
6,314
15,051
11
24
1,451
1,252
5,831
5,931
551
5
31
4
Taiwan
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
10,297
3,085
1,148
934
2,166
2,536
19
29
547
23
1,003
587
328
89
54
0
27,307
5,176
2,363
3,313
7,832
7,510
34
2
1,416
891
2,724
1,995
449
155
251
1
60,665
3,720
3,040
5,364
29,819
16,564
42
5
2,330
1,850
7,735
3,722
879
414
965
24
95,622
3,736
3,575
6,870
56,768
21,967
296
102
2,036
1,605
10,452
5,931
1,545
632
1,033
22
Taiwan
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
12,851
1,722
862
5,023
1,142
3,997
2
4
728
63
1,648
1,316
235
1
0
0
20,305
3,884
1,580
3,501
1,756
9,446
0
37
1,261
1,663
3,604
2,262
619
0
2
5
25,742
3,814
1,483
4,426
4,082
11,789
3
16
1,130
992
4,601
4,387
659
0
0
12
29,974
3,324
1,137
7,381
5,934
11,940
10
9
1,489
890
5,449
3,679
415
0
0
9
Appendix table 6-34

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Thailand
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
3,314
897
332
206
169
1,609
10
17
257
3
1,013
73
235
4
8
0
6,202
1,416
715
420
1,033
2,380
5
4
611
136
645
361
619
33
42
0
8,784
671
796
780
3,119
2,845
24
16
476
247
937
486
659
53
260
22
12,814
938
802
657
5,911
3,861
196
24
484
398
1,794
551
415
65
285
10
Brazil
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Mexico
Russia
92
13
39
1
4
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
10
0
220
29
74
1
8
30
0
0
5
0
21
3
0
0
39
0
144
4
27
1
14
11
3
0
2
0
3
2
0
0
26
0
124
4
11
1
25
10
1
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
6
0
Import region/
country/economy
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
Thailand
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
4,703
913
198
1,533
104
1,919
0
5
282
2
1,054
249
328
0
2
0
7,817
2,107
291
1,955
241
3,118
2
48
686
234
1,193
506
449
0
36
0
8,625
1,547
427
2,283
463
3,799
4
26
733
145
1,669
342
879
0
14
0
10,040
1,536
434
2,488
535
4,946
4
24
687
101
2,397
189
1,545
0
5
0
Brazil
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Mexico
Russia
906
259
64
211
22
338
0
0
58
0
44
143
89
4
5
0
2,030
710
173
169
127
800
1
3
198
62
49
299
155
33
16
0
3,640
739
378
79
345
1,857
2
4
243
214
222
703
414
53
120
0
5,210
1,329
201
47
1,082
2,151
1
18
528
164
194
548
632
65
25
0
Appendix table 6-34

Export region/
country/economy
Import region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
Mexico
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Russia
1,117
957
55
12
21
26
0
0
2
0
12
9
0
2
5
0
2,465
1,829
116
223
6
204
0
0
45
3
80
38
2
36
16
0
1,847
1,166
190
33
3
152
3
0
24
1
79
30
0
14
120
0
1,974
1,099
143
24
365
183
7
0
12
4
124
31
0
5
25
1
Mexico
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Russia
3,567
2,461
58
654
18
344
0
1
29
13
35
204
54
8
10
0
8,624
6,684
135
546
139
973
0
6
60
118
94
401
251
42
39
0
8,320
2,871
175
406
991
2,970
4
3
62
884
608
185
965
260
26
1
12,776
7,070
106
295
1,190
2,614
6
20
27
684
441
117
1,033
285
6
1
Russia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
64
5
6
1
43
6
0
0
0
0
4
1
0
0
0
0
100
13
21
0
33
8
1
0
0
0
1
1
5
0
0
0
143
9
37
1
49
22
1
0
0
1
2
6
12
0
0
1
217
17
37
2
42
29
9
0
1
2
4
4
9
0
0
1
Russia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
39
7
21
0
3
5
0
0
1
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
157
12
109
0
6
9
1
1
2
0
2
2
1
0
0
0
816
27
517
2
97
146
11
4
45
3
7
30
24
22
0
0
644
62
348
3
58
123
2
0
46
5
35
3
22
10
0
1

region.
Appendix table 6-35

Trade in aerospace goods, by selected region/country of destination and origin: Selected years, 19952010
Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
United States
World
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
24,612
8,055
2,847
1,591
6,170
162
85
230
167
1,255
2,187
1,711
373
414
93
185
39,916
15,982
3,360
1,945
5,408
307
39
262
123
830
1,907
1,408
532
677
271
202
49,169
14,077
5,244
4,647
8,412
665
221
255
43
2,655
1,902
2,337
333
1,037
801
144
79,222
25,762
5,108
7,169
12,024
1,277
1,727
902
306
3,804
2,429
1,298
281
4,412
1,473
276
EU
World
Intra-EU
EU ROW
United States
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
39,749
14,849
24,900
3,635
659
1,781
3,324
125
228
1,057
144
338
235
296
902
378
46
32
49,122
26,420
22,702
9,668
535
1,075
1,439
132
90
29
30
183
800
34
140
923
95
86
65,466
35,674
29,792
6,214
272
4,285
4,730
451
103
328
246
900
453
1,046
1,201
937
522
359
109,248
54,222
55,025
9,302
452
5,589
10,199
2,963
907
1,385
266
2,775
872
158
874
1,504
835
2,748
Import region/
country/economy
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
United States
World
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
6,336
3,635
479
24
83
0
0
0
1
41
40
0
1
88
18
4
18,160
9,668
1,187
36
238
1
1
1
16
59
134
25
1
1,474
63
37
16,472
6,214
1,064
87
364
7
2
21
16
81
186
52
1
1,806
38
14
18,933
9,302
2,092
278
586
28
6
41
7
104
338
61
2
697
288
95
EU
World
Intra-EU
EU ROW
United States
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
29,514
14,849
14,666
8,055
41
74
326
7
5
216
1
34
55
1
7
45
105
8
47,101
26,420
20,681
15,982
65
47
296
17
4
104
3
72
79
4
14
987
1
84
54,383
35,674
18,709
14,077
156
78
460
32
28
91
85
95
80
19
30
560
9
47
91,386
54,222
37,164
25,762
342
493
1,391
347
72
147
54
473
129
39
129
1,781
209
188
Appendix table 6-35

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Import region/
country/economy
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
Japan
World
United States
EU
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
609
479
41
10
14
3
0
1
1
2
6
1
0
0
0
0
1,526
1,187
65
15
13
1
0
1
0
8
1
1
1
0
1
0
1,680
1,064
156
4
23
0
0
1
0
9
7
4
2
61
0
0
3,078
2,092
342
8
49
2
0
1
0
32
8
2
3
80
0
0
Japan
World
United States
EU
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
3,576
2,847
659
1
7
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
4,313
3,360
535
1
200
0
0
0
0
9
189
1
0
161
0
0
5,741
5,244
272
10
11
0
0
0
0
7
2
1
0
0
0
0
6,200
5,108
452
10
104
47
0
3
1
10
31
9
4
216
0
0
China
World
Intra-China
China ROW
United States
EU
Japan
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
270
36
233
24
74
1
23
0
1
1
1
14
2
4
0
0
0
0
404
56
348
36
47
1
169
0
0
6
67
16
7
6
67
0
0
1
581
100
481
87
78
10
110
1
1
9
7
56
18
12
5
2
0
3
1,497
82
1,415
278
493
10
298
24
19
23
65
102
22
33
11
0
0
2
China
World
Intra-China
China ROW
United States
EU
Japan
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
3,622
36
3,586
1,591
1,781
10
45
0
0
11
0
26
5
1
2
0
0
41
3,429
56
3,373
1,945
1,075
15
79
0
0
5
0
64
7
2
1
37
0
61
9,752
100
9,652
4,647
4,285
4
272
0
1
6
10
220
20
4
10
92
1
142
14,440
82
14,358
7,169
5,589
8
713
9
1
5
2
581
86
1
27
497
0
97
Appendix table 6-35

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Asia-8
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
1,449
83
326
7
45
284
70
51
9
10
98
6
16
25
0
0
0
1,258
238
296
200
79
279
27
12
53
16
71
5
46
50
7
0
4
2,150
364
460
11
272
538
88
26
113
50
124
7
61
70
3
0
11
5,764
586
1,391
104
713
1,780
230
125
219
154
503
5
288
256
32
18
82
India
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
16
0
7
0
0
6
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
NA
NA
0
35
1
17
0
0
11
0
2
0
5
0
0
4
NA
NA
3
76
7
32
0
0
11
0
7
0
4
0
0
0
NA
NA
10
799
28
347
47
9
124
28
55
2
38
0
0
1
NA
NA
54
Import region/
country/economy
1995
2000
2005
2010
Asia-8
Origin
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
10,408
6,170
3,324
14
23
284
6
1
109
1
91
68
5
3
0
0
32
8,135
5,408
1,439
13
169
279
11
4
74
2
162
4
8
13
1
0
158
14,967
8,412
4,730
23
110
538
11
37
123
13
314
16
17
7
185
2
80
25,839
12,024
10,199
49
298
1,780
124
98
480
21
899
67
11
81
148
8
87
India
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
369
162
125
3
0
70
0
61
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
637
307
132
1
0
27
0
1
0
26
0
0
0
0
0
140
1,701
665
451
0
1
88
0
3
3
81
0
0
1
157
0
13
4,989
1,277
2,963
2
24
230
0
54
0
174
0
0
1
26
0
26
Appendix table 6-35

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Import region/
country/economy
1995
2000
2005
2010
Indonesia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
8
0
5
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
NA
0
0
15
1
4
0
0
4
0
1
1
2
0
0
0
NA
0
0
106
2
28
0
1
37
0
13
0
12
0
0
11
NA
0
1
235
6
72
0
1
98
0
32
0
53
1
3
10
NA
0
0
Indonesia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
Origin
369
85
228
0
1
51
0
30
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
147
39
90
0
0
12
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
369
221
103
0
1
26
0
9
1
10
6
0
0
0
0
1
2,892
1,727
907
0
19
125
28
5
14
69
6
0
2
55
0
4
Malaysia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
385
0
216
0
11
109
61
30
0
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
219
1
104
0
5
74
1
0
3
56
2
9
4
6
0
1
270
21
91
0
6
123
3
9
1
81
0
14
14
0
0
0
776
41
147
3
5
480
54
5
2
378
0
15
26
0
0
0
Malaysia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
1,357
230
1,057
1
1
9
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
10
374
262
29
1
6
53
2
1
1
33
1
5
11
0
0
2
773
255
328
1
9
113
7
13
1
83
7
1
2
0
0
10
2,732
902
1,385
1
23
219
55
32
1
101
4
1
25
0
0
2
Appendix table 6-35

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Import region/
country/economy
1995
2000
2005
2010
Philippines
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
5
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
24
16
3
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
132
16
85
0
10
13
3
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
0
0
112
7
54
1
2
21
0
14
1
3
0
2
0
0
0
21
Philippines
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
Origin
332
167
144
1
1
10
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
236
123
30
0
67
16
0
1
3
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
354
43
246
0
7
50
0
0
1
47
1
0
0
0
0
0
851
306
266
0
65
154
2
0
2
105
3
0
43
0
0
0
Singapore
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
285
41
34
3
26
91
9
20
9
10
5
15
24
0
0
0
413
59
72
9
64
162
26
12
33
11
2
37
42
1
0
0
1,020
81
95
7
220
314
81
10
83
47
6
44
43
2
0
0
2,612
104
473
10
581
899
174
69
101
105
4
228
218
15
14
0
Singapore
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
1,787
1,255
338
2
14
98
6
1
17
1
66
4
3
0
0
0
1,139
830
183
8
16
71
5
2
56
1
3
2
1
1
0
0
3,832
2,655
900
9
56
124
4
12
81
6
1
16
3
27
1
0
7,493
3,804
2,775
32
102
503
38
53
378
3
14
9
8
1
8
1
Appendix table 6-35

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Import region/
country/economy
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
South Korea
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
188
40
55
2
5
68
0
0
0
0
66
1
0
0
0
0
477
134
79
189
7
4
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
316
186
80
2
20
16
0
6
7
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
738
338
129
31
86
67
0
6
4
3
14
40
0
17
2
7
South Korea
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
2,476
2,187
235
6
2
6
0
0
0
0
5
1
0
0
0
22
2,867
1,907
800
1
7
5
0
0
2
0
2
1
0
0
0
16
2,462
1,902
453
7
18
7
0
0
0
1
6
0
0
0
0
55
3,427
2,429
872
8
22
5
0
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
54
Taiwan
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
9
0
1
1
1
5
0
0
0
0
4
1
0
0
NA
NA
43
25
4
1
2
8
0
0
5
0
2
1
0
0
NA
NA
126
52
19
1
4
17
0
0
1
0
16
0
0
0
NA
NA
160
61
39
9
1
11
0
0
1
0
9
0
0
0
NA
NA
Taiwan
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
2,088
1,711
296
1
4
16
0
0
0
0
15
1
0
0
0
0
1,498
1,408
34
1
6
46
0
0
9
0
37
0
0
0
0
0
3,490
2,337
1,046
4
12
61
0
0
14
1
44
1
1
0
0
0
1,854
1,298
158
2
33
288
0
3
15
2
228
40
1
36
0
0
Appendix table 6-35

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Thailand
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
553
1
7
0
2
3
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
33
1
14
0
1
13
0
0
11
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
104
1
30
0
10
7
1
0
2
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
332
2
129
4
27
81
1
2
25
43
8
0
1
0
3
0
Brazil
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Mexico
Russia
167
88
45
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,931
1,474
987
161
37
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
3,311
1,806
560
0
92
185
157
0
0
0
27
0
0
0
0
0
5,829
697
1,781
216
497
148
26
55
0
0
1
0
36
30
87
24
Import region/
country/economy
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
Thailand
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
1,630
373
902
0
0
25
0
0
0
0
24
0
0
0
NA
0
1,237
532
140
1
67
50
4
0
4
0
42
0
0
0
NA
0
1,986
333
1,201
2
5
70
0
11
14
1
43
0
0
0
NA
0
1,603
281
874
3
11
256
1
10
26
0
218
0
0
30
NA
0
Brazil
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Mexico
Russia
815
414
378
0
0
0
NA
NA
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1,672
677
923
0
0
7
NA
NA
6
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
2,131
1,037
937
61
2
3
NA
NA
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
3
6,362
4,412
1,504
80
0
32
NA
NA
0
0
15
17
0
0
0
20
Appendix table 6-35

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Import region/
country/economy
1995
2000
2005
2010
Mexico
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Russia
146
18
105
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
69
63
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
3
0
52
38
9
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
NA
0
0
661
288
209
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
NA
0
0
Mexico
Origin
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Russia
140
93
46
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
409
271
95
1
0
0
NA
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
3
14
1,332
801
522
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
3
2,649
1,473
835
0
0
18
NA
0
0
0
14
2
NA
3
87
20
Russia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
172
4
8
0
41
32
0
0
10
0
0
22
0
0
0
0
605
37
84
0
61
158
140
0
2
0
0
16
0
0
0
14
594
14
47
0
142
80
13
1
10
0
0
55
0
0
3
3
907
95
188
0
97
87
26
4
2
0
1
54
0
0
20
20
Russia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
222
185
32
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
415
202
86
0
1
4
3
0
1
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
614
144
359
0
3
11
10
1
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
3,399
276
2,748
0
2
82
54
0
0
21
0
7
NA
0
24
0
NA = not available
region.
Appendix table 6-36

Trade in pharmaceuticals, by selected region/country of destination and origin: Selected years, 19952010
Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
United States
World
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
6,436
2,859
933
102
320
28
17
12
21
29
94
85
35
157
154
15
12,881
6,510
1,051
142
484
39
14
22
34
69
120
140
46
301
412
14
25,662
15,428
1,500
290
941
80
21
35
42
318
224
148
74
444
674
37
44,557
25,278
3,187
919
1,735
196
52
53
62
204
694
362
113
1,234
1,431
101
EU
World
Intra-EU
EU ROW
United States
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
47,877
26,876
21,001
3,505
838
2,561
1,238
157
94
96
112
141
245
211
183
431
274
481
71,337
38,433
32,904
10,176
682
2,627
1,619
231
82
117
135
239
310
326
180
759
518
912
199,356
120,542
78,814
28,102
1,218
4,417
3,484
333
123
253
248
695
895
604
333
1,011
1,253
3,091
308,664
182,860
125,804
40,259
3,997
7,914
6,108
654
235
458
366
1,089
1,527
1,054
724
2,540
2,014
7,007
Import region/
country/economy
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
United States
World
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
5,544
3,505
520
183
66
11
1
0
1
35
17
1
1
7
33
0
14,694
10,176
1,522
400
125
57
2
1
1
37
22
3
2
17
77
0
39,032
28,102
2,031
662
1,637
367
3
2
3
1,198
38
17
9
78
356
0
65,239
40,259
2,117
1,760
4,663
2,523
2
44
2
1,987
47
40
16
166
295
0
EU
World
Intra-EU
EU ROW
United States
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
37,071
26,876
10,195
2,859
429
719
213
114
8
10
1
8
63
4
5
55
63
20
53,647
38,433
15,213
6,510
519
913
360
99
18
7
1
187
38
5
5
39
70
18
156,762
120,542
36,220
15,428
1,087
1,577
1,308
496
14
13
1
693
69
7
15
98
128
9
253,540
182,860
70,680
25,278
3,338
2,587
4,673
1,372
21
28
1
2,998
149
49
53
487
276
37
Appendix table 6-36

Export region/
country/economy
Import region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
Japan
World
United States
EU
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
1,911
520
719
172
274
7
10
5
8
29
110
83
21
16
11
2
3,041
1,522
913
116
268
12
8
7
16
23
99
80
23
7
7
1
4,587
2,031
1,577
199
352
20
10
8
10
20
168
90
26
5
7
2
6,645
2,117
2,587
461
672
25
31
14
15
22
336
158
70
37
22
17
Japan
World
United States
EU
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
4,217
933
2,561
134
103
6
5
10
1
12
50
17
2
14
16
0
4,394
1,051
2,627
148
135
9
11
6
2
53
31
19
3
12
14
0
7,311
1,500
4,417
281
203
16
10
5
1
53
80
28
10
8
9
0
15,156
3,187
7,914
782
576
32
34
2
2
229
206
50
22
4
10
0
China
World
Intra-China
China ROW
United States
EU
Japan
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
2,355
809
1,546
183
429
134
469
114
42
47
29
60
68
58
51
9
10
2
2,468
583
1,885
400
519
148
401
100
35
37
46
47
57
45
35
24
30
12
4,478
550
3,928
662
1,087
281
877
391
56
67
38
75
137
60
53
104
70
24
12,271
1,151
11,119
1,760
3,338
782
2,438
1,273
149
176
72
136
354
109
169
244
197
86
China
World
Intra-China
China ROW
United States
EU
Japan
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
2,408
809
1,599
102
838
172
227
60
5
6
3
82
41
21
8
1
5
0
1,979
583
1,396
142
682
116
200
50
7
8
2
73
26
25
9
4
2
7
3,065
550
2,515
290
1,218
199
302
94
8
11
2
92
39
36
21
3
1
7
8,372
1,151
7,221
919
3,997
461
440
108
15
18
5
54
101
109
31
11
7
11
Appendix table 6-36

Export region/
country/economy
Import region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Origin
1995
2000
2005
2010
Asia-8
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
1,550
66
213
103
227
429
39
28
63
58
50
23
73
96
3
6
3
2,540
125
360
135
200
523
44
25
58
66
56
56
97
119
59
55
131
6,988
1,637
1,308
203
302
704
59
42
93
75
105
91
86
151
140
140
301
18,220
4,663
4,673
576
440
1,482
158
108
200
226
154
165
154
316
256
228
624
Asia-8
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
3,225
320
1,238
274
469
429
46
12
30
7
227
43
33
33
2
3
4
4,013
484
1,619
268
401
523
95
24
29
5
272
49
20
30
6
25
3
8,182
941
3,484
352
877
704
175
55
53
9
259
87
27
39
9
39
2
15,902
1,735
6,108
672
2,438
1,482
407
148
107
18
502
158
70
73
50
23
3
India
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
469
11
114
6
60
46
2
8
3
12
9
6
7
2
4
0
1,027
57
99
9
50
95
3
10
9
21
22
9
22
29
21
127
3,085
367
496
16
94
175
7
23
15
46
39
10
35
101
55
298
8,807
2,523
1,372
32
108
407
35
76
46
43
67
19
122
177
105
616
India
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
383
28
157
7
114
39
1
0
0
7
15
15
2
0
1
0
499
39
231
12
100
44
1
2
0
26
11
2
4
1
11
2
1,107
80
333
20
391
59
3
6
1
32
12
2
3
1
8
1
2,811
196
654
25
1,273
158
32
9
3
55
44
11
2
4
9
1
Appendix table 6-36

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Import region/
country/economy
1995
2000
2005
2010
Indonesia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
48
1
8
5
5
12
1
3
3
2
0
1
2
0
0
1
96
2
18
11
7
24
1
6
4
4
3
1
5
0
0
1
124
3
14
10
8
55
3
5
7
5
19
0
15
0
1
0
336
2
21
34
15
148
32
8
44
7
33
1
22
2
1
0
Indonesia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
Origin
210
17
94
10
42
28
2
1
0
6
9
2
7
0
0
0
187
14
82
8
35
25
3
1
0
9
8
1
3
0
6
0
295
21
123
10
56
42
7
6
1
11
13
2
2
0
2
0
681
52
235
31
149
108
35
14
1
27
18
6
8
6
2
0
Malaysia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
77
0
10
10
6
30
0
1
2
21
1
4
2
0
0
0
79
1
7
6
8
29
2
1
3
18
1
2
2
0
1
0
145
2
13
5
11
53
6
6
2
24
2
6
7
0
1
0
296
44
28
2
18
107
9
14
4
60
6
7
8
1
3
0
Malaysia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
277
12
96
5
47
63
8
3
3
32
3
4
9
0
0
0
314
22
117
7
37
58
10
6
2
24
6
3
8
1
0
0
634
35
253
8
67
93
23
5
2
31
13
4
15
3
1
0
1,223
53
458
14
176
200
76
8
4
67
10
11
26
6
2
0
Appendix table 6-36

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Import region/
country/economy
1995
2000
2005
2010
Philippines
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
18
1
1
1
3
7
0
0
3
1
0
1
1
NA
0
NA
21
1
1
2
2
5
0
0
2
2
0
1
1
NA
0
NA
31
3
1
1
2
9
1
1
2
2
0
1
2
NA
0
NA
64
2
1
2
5
18
3
1
4
4
1
1
3
NA
0
NA
Philippines
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
Origin
281
21
112
8
29
58
3
3
2
39
3
2
8
0
0
NA
365
34
135
16
46
66
9
4
3
35
5
3
7
1
1
NA
553
42
248
10
38
75
15
7
2
33
8
3
8
1
1
NA
967
62
366
15
72
226
46
44
4
81
21
8
21
2
2
NA
Singapore
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
488
35
8
12
82
227
7
6
32
39
9
54
81
0
1
0
805
37
187
53
73
272
26
9
24
35
24
76
78
10
16
0
2,689
1,198
693
53
92
259
32
11
31
33
26
50
77
10
68
0
6,584
1,987
2,998
229
54
502
55
27
67
81
43
106
122
21
93
3
Singapore
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
380
29
141
29
60
50
12
2
21
1
4
3
6
0
0
0
572
69
239
23
47
56
21
4
18
2
3
3
6
0
0
0
1,427
318
695
20
75
105
46
5
24
2
9
9
9
0
5
0
1,965
204
1,089
22
136
154
43
7
60
4
18
14
10
3
1
1
Appendix table 6-36

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
South Korea
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
Taiwan
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
1995
2000
2005
2010
263
17
63
50
41
43
15
9
3
3
4
6
3
1
1
1
309
22
38
31
26
49
11
8
6
5
3
7
9
19
16
3
535
38
69
80
39
87
12
13
13
8
9
19
12
28
11
3
1,360
47
149
206
101
158
44
18
10
21
18
19
29
54
25
5
91
1
4
17
21
33
15
2
4
2
3
4
2
0
0
0
90
3
5
19
25
20
2
1
3
3
3
5
2
0
1
0
186
17
7
28
36
27
2
2
4
3
9
5
2
0
2
0
407
40
49
50
109
70
11
6
11
8
14
11
10
1
1
0
Import region/
country/economy
1995
2000
2005
2010
South Korea
Origin
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
606
94
245
110
68
23
9
0
1
0
9
4
0
0
1
3
733
120
310
99
57
56
22
3
1
0
24
5
1
1
6
1
1,885
224
895
168
137
91
39
19
2
0
26
5
1
1
20
0
3,924
694
1,527
336
354
165
67
33
6
1
43
11
4
3
4
0
Taiwan
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
629
85
211
83
58
73
6
1
4
1
54
6
1
0
0
0
843
140
326
80
45
97
9
1
2
1
76
7
1
2
0
0
1,371
148
604
90
60
86
10
0
6
1
50
19
1
0
2
1
2,475
362
1,054
158
109
154
19
1
7
1
106
19
2
2
2
1
Appendix table 6-36

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Thailand
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
96
1
5
2
8
33
2
7
9
8
6
0
1
0
0
1
112
2
5
3
9
30
4
3
8
7
6
1
1
0
0
0
193
9
15
10
21
39
3
2
15
8
9
1
1
1
1
0
365
16
53
22
31
73
2
8
26
21
10
4
2
0
1
0
Brazil
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Mexico
Russia
183
7
55
14
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
4
0
288
17
39
12
4
6
1
0
1
1
0
1
2
1
28
0
553
78
98
8
3
9
1
0
3
1
0
1
0
2
49
1
1,633
166
487
4
11
50
4
6
6
2
3
3
2
23
115
2
Import region/
country/economy
1995
2000
2005
2010
Thailand
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Brazil
Mexico
Russia
Origin
460
35
183
21
51
96
7
2
2
1
81
3
2
1
0
0
499
46
180
23
35
119
22
5
2
1
78
9
2
1
0
0
910
74
333
26
53
151
35
15
7
2
77
12
2
2
1
0
1,856
113
724
70
169
316
122
22
8
3
122
29
10
23
1
0
Brazil
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Mexico
Russia
854
157
431
16
9
3
2
0
0
NA
0
1
0
0
33
0
1,578
301
759
7
24
59
29
0
0
NA
10
19
0
0
55
0
2,188
444
1,011
5
104
140
101
0
0
NA
10
28
0
1
50
0
5,430
1,234
2,540
37
244
256
177
2
1
NA
21
54
1
0
63
0
Appendix table 6-36

Export region/
country/economy
Destination
1995
2000
2005
2010
Import region/
country/economy
1995
2000
2005
2010
Mexico
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Russia
357
33
63
16
5
3
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
33
0
677
77
70
14
2
25
11
6
0
1
0
6
0
0
55
1
1,216
356
128
9
1
39
8
2
1
1
5
20
2
1
50
0
1,670
295
276
10
7
23
9
2
2
2
1
4
2
1
63
6
Mexico
Origin
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Russia
526
154
274
11
10
6
4
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
4
3
1,265
412
518
7
30
55
21
0
1
0
16
16
1
0
28
2
2,486
674
1,253
7
70
140
55
1
1
0
68
11
2
1
49
0
4,519
1,431
2,014
22
197
228
105
1
3
0
93
25
1
1
115
0
Russia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
40
0
20
0
0
4
0
0
0
NA
0
3
0
0
0
3
159
0
18
0
7
3
2
0
0
NA
0
1
0
0
0
2
215
0
9
0
7
2
1
0
0
NA
0
0
1
0
0
0
487
0
37
0
11
3
1
0
0
NA
1
0
1
0
0
0
Russia
World
United States
EU
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
Brazil
Mexico
558
15
481
2
2
3
0
1
0
NA
0
1
0
1
0
0
1,255
14
912
1
12
131
127
1
0
NA
0
3
0
0
0
1
3,988
37
3,091
2
24
301
298
0
0
NA
0
3
0
0
1
0
9,196
101
7,007
17
86
624
616
0
0
NA
3
5
0
0
2
6
NA = not available
region.
Appendix table 6-37

U.S. trade in advanced-technology products, by region/country/economy: 200010
Exports
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
227,395
60,472
2,022
327
8,644
11,625
105
3,593
2,798
8,453
247
340
2,206
2,105
15,121
2,887
19,745
9,529
48,887
981
205
6,757
5,365
7,810
13,120
11,323
3,327
58,473
2,260
26
426
1,570
21
217
7,281
372
1,063
1
0
2,476
181
2,106
135
526
421
22,189
1,193
4,985
801
475
415
11,108
278
698
2,235
1,119
199,628
54,352
1,851
276
8,153
11,380
147
3,237
2,448
6,798
201
571
1,425
1,300
13,440
3,126
16,394
11,006
39,499
1,070
197
5,474
4,761
8,231
9,199
7,868
2,698
51,154
1,652
26
353
984
30
259
6,814
491
1,122
2
6
2,408
35
1,698
63
536
453
19,628
825
4,935
681
508
458
9,514
206
613
1,888
1,656
178,566
49,732
1,656
334
8,512
9,347
235
2,823
3,120
7,253
179
229
1,143
1,212
10,572
3,115
16,853
13,068
42,285
1,255
198
7,235
4,965
8,138
9,600
9,176
1,717
56,618
2,206
360
430
1,247
29
140
6,042
245
800
2
1
2,025
313
590
19
1,296
751
22,422
223
3,942
599
742
1,064
12,579
290
580
2,404
1,005
180,208
50,611
1,568
268
6,654
9,293
456
3,278
3,090
8,397
189
195
1,427
1,205
10,766
3,824
16,923
13,421
43,622
1,311
208
7,803
5,851
8,398
9,540
8,203
2,309
55,619
1,365
37
367
602
33
326
4,911
36
318
12
17
1,846
154
680
16
1,060
772
22,776
439
3,205
578
661
1,287
13,550
301
344
2,410
1,249
201,561
56,090
1,879
345
9,096
9,518
646
3,143
2,969
9,136
228
480
1,553
1,035
12,177
3,883
17,465
15,669
46,967
1,688
250
7,556
4,854
10,104
10,173
9,801
2,541
65,304
1,542
53
472
565
38
414
5,628
217
627
13
174
2,825
154
509
21
633
455
28,379
698
4,626
637
756
1,144
16,502
329
872
2,816
1,367
216,824
58,255
2,331
450
9,287
10,914
383
3,709
2,628
9,702
335
551
1,674
1,129
12,157
3,005
16,988
18,315
47,857
2,090
395
7,082
4,422
9,872
11,252
9,626
3,119
75,378
1,728
104
502
872
66
184
8,966
399
474
23
259
2,715
157
693
40
3,564
642
30,652
947
5,221
991
911
1,240
16,669
376
1,081
3,216
1,956
247,071
63,676
2,509
483
9,543
13,056
400
3,326
2,814
10,131
828
846
1,612
1,474
13,013
3,642
18,420
23,062
55,791
2,958
306
8,432
4,915
11,557
13,943
10,035
3,644
86,084
2,869
93
868
1,592
85
231
11,382
246
839
28
329
3,006
265
767
24
4,662
1,216
36,217
1,012
6,799
1,590
1,122
1,535
18,626
528
1,467
3,537
2,017
264,875
73,495
2,988
535
11,285
16,535
418
3,208
2,666
10,748
1,552
1,472
2,011
1,520
13,674
4,882
18,540
25,966
56,356
5,468
620
7,094
4,545
11,398
12,193
11,680
3,358
90,484
2,990
75
1,337
1,197
105
276
10,854
138
813
28
503
3,277
181
779
32
3,534
1,569
38,070
1,338
8,823
1,524
1,489
1,458
17,202
575
1,529
4,132
1,860
270,131
75,240
3,505
493
10,864
17,212
484
3,162
2,939
11,907
1,261
1,611
2,266
1,561
14,155
3,818
17,475
24,850
51,345
3,660
780
7,992
4,461
11,567
10,157
9,864
2,864
101,162
3,903
187
1,184
1,931
150
450
11,881
146
622
36
471
3,371
240
1,374
39
3,792
1,790
44,175
1,466
10,846
1,613
1,793
1,855
19,585
809
1,744
4,464
2,253
244,708
70,023
3,077
342
11,514
16,867
475
3,477
2,567
9,379
782
384
1,582
1,887
12,993
4,699
14,208
25,374
39,722
4,023
1,209
6,203
2,698
8,176
8,100
7,023
2,290
95,381
3,216
69
835
1,663
219
431
13,250
103
878
42
468
2,408
417
1,807
49
4,524
2,554
43,814
1,443
9,671
2,318
1,652
1,421
20,601
849
1,636
4,222
1,944
272,694
66,180
3,215
507
10,621
16,602
462
2,798
2,718
9,413
876
340
1,759
1,506
12,094
3,268
15,566
29,649
52,530
3,166
1,990
8,459
3,552
10,893
11,035
10,485
2,949
108,770
4,504
55
949
3,049
175
276
12,488
281
1,359
38
325
2,229
378
1,612
30
3,329
2,907
52,193
1,622
10,948
1,713
1,889
1,272
27,149
1,058
1,489
5,051
2,109
Appendix table 6-37

Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
Imports
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
2000
20
20
18
24
45
875
5
6
142
25,274
3,284
18,790
779
566
1,754
102
350
0
18
3
1
0
8
0
77
34
34
175
2001
17
8
6
442
69
858
6
8
255
20,826
2,636
15,242
947
526
1,381
95
578
0
25
1
2
1
4
0
62
32
42
409
2002
32
3
8
134
124
570
7
6
130
24,461
4,708
17,450
589
456
1,142
117
482
64
24
1
1
1
6
0
109
55
58
163
2003
58
5
214
75
107
642
6
7
349
24,155
4,032
18,108
541
407
1,027
40
1,163
15
16
1
1
2
5
0
153
37
786
147
2004
37
4
152
187
145
621
60
7
305
26,837
3,094
21,310
618
387
1,311
116
1,551
36
27
3
1
3
10
0
799
33
417
222
2005
63
8
237
405
250
676
17
9
527
30,879
3,295
24,592
915
524
1,380
172
1,197
60
52
1
3
6
10
0
252
29
454
330
2006
573
10
20
156
207
778
18
9
265
31,991
4,073
24,546
1,206
623
1,487
55
1,608
172
37
2
3
3
5
NA
804
37
204
341
2007
219
11
32
260
251
818
18
20
247
35,241
4,057
27,720
882
853
1,548
182
1,469
166
43
2
6
1
11
NA
750
39
180
271
2008
440
14
86
151
194
1,011
13
34
379
37,137
4,404
28,830
598
951
2,217
137
1,813
138
46
2
4
5
11
NA
695
83
350
479
2009
126
9
85
230
310
780
23
75
305
31,513
4,329
23,992
461
951
1,694
85
1,644
297
35
9
6
4
13
NA
325
72
349
534
2010
117
11
502
111
234
754
31
45
304
35,569
4,163
27,538
845
1,145
1,787
92
1,907
617
49
11
8
2
12
NA
500
23
379
306
222,082
44,143
978
105
9,624
9,130
1,261
6,805
1,938
1,680
49
223
233
1,244
9,416
1,460
37,352
14,203
79,444
146
1,318
16,252
8,055
13,658
18,706
17,642
3,666
47,004
195,177
47,019
1,368
164
10,434
9,537
886
8,924
1,674
1,515
38
252
256
1,127
9,256
1,587
27,880
14,424
62,110
200
1,399
14,052
5,907
10,081
13,756
13,816
2,899
43,832
195,150
47,812
1,298
220
9,645
8,089
1,085
12,624
1,843
1,767
42
312
368
1,510
7,146
1,864
23,688
21,292
62,720
199
1,259
15,151
5,843
10,062
13,822
13,331
3,062
39,639
207,031
49,420
989
288
9,182
8,010
1,288
14,497
1,734
2,028
46
429
752
1,343
6,842
1,994
22,388
30,404
62,706
253
1,076
16,382
4,920
10,385
14,378
12,031
3,291
42,112
238,276
51,122
1,517
340
8,659
9,580
1,247
13,431
1,974
2,120
74
536
701
1,466
7,414
2,056
23,877
46,823
69,729
319
1,123
18,231
3,806
10,878
17,977
12,808
4,599
46,723
259,742
53,680
1,096
404
8,468
11,034
1,393
14,058
2,200
2,235
94
668
552
1,891
7,262
2,323
24,576
60,289
69,773
456
1,104
22,618
3,694
9,253
13,980
12,264
6,412
51,423
290,760
58,699
1,981
423
9,778
11,428
1,178
14,216
2,165
2,832
312
798
594
1,267
9,428
2,295
25,853
73,521
75,094
693
917
25,098
3,745
9,804
13,647
14,063
7,209
57,589
326,809
65,695
2,208
410
12,262
11,861
1,254
16,146
2,410
3,572
301
422
780
1,383
9,994
2,692
28,093
88,802
74,499
709
1,125
22,311
3,634
9,654
14,852
14,762
7,735
69,714
331,152
68,762
2,891
448
12,073
11,584
1,427
17,605
2,862
3,143
291
193
1,053
1,539
10,758
2,897
26,713
92,170
71,819
1,062
1,343
20,099
3,305
8,194
16,392
13,784
8,054
71,706
300,892
60,457
4,255
318
10,376
10,414
1,019
14,443
2,635
2,505
293
66
903
1,194
9,282
2,753
19,879
90,289
60,532
1,000
1,360
14,900
2,629
6,565
15,236
12,120
6,723
69,734
354,465
65,804
3,792
334
10,638
10,116
911
17,505
2,949
3,102
533
86
1,001
2,033
9,518
3,286
23,273
116,452
69,453
1,440
1,448
15,248
2,913
7,700
17,436
15,441
7,828
79,483
Appendix table 6-37

Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
2000
1,257
29
1,045
99
76
6
5,321
0
0
0
2,585
2,584
141
6
0
2
3
18,383
11
1,935
2
5
1,224
14,815
1
5
385
48
0
0
0
7
0
28
0
0
12
24,536
398
22,405
53
259
1,409
11
39
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
25
6
0
7
2001
1,227
45
1,012
109
53
10
4,562
0
0
0
2,230
2,229
83
5
0
10
5
20,488
14
2,927
3
9
726
16,423
2
2
383
36
0
0
0
5
0
23
0
0
7
19,714
428
17,302
69
333
1,566
16
34
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
4
0
7
2002
1,014
75
831
83
12
13
2,184
0
1
0
0
2,077
98
3
0
4
1
20,465
18
2,948
4
4
919
16,196
2
3
371
42
0
0
0
4
0
25
0
0
13
15,868
384
13,704
72
313
1,376
19
58
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28
11
8
11
2003
1,241
0
1,054
83
37
16
2,112
0
3
0
0
2,009
89
1
1
6
3
22,365
10
2,704
4
2
1,207
17,961
1
2
474
41
0
0
0
6
0
25
0
0
9
16,277
380
13,700
92
280
1,799
25
66
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
8
10
21
2004
1,092
0
920
107
45
19
2,410
0
3
0
2
2,284
103
4
1
10
3
26,559
17
2,792
6
3
1,104
22,142
2
3
491
42
0
0
0
3
0
30
0
0
9
16,550
418
13,827
116
372
1,784
34
59
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
31
6
12
9
2005
1,132
0
945
136
7
22
2,421
0
1
4
1
2,297
92
6
2
14
4
28,375
14
2,599
4
6
1,129
23,991
1
4
629
38
0
0
0
2
1
30
0
0
5
19,352
532
15,652
129
349
2,652
38
74
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
32
5
30
5
2006
1,250
0
999
160
68
23
2,968
0
2
1
1
2,818
100
2
4
37
3
34,332
16
1,730
8
11
1,175
30,881
1
10
500
39
0
1
0
4
0
26
0
0
8
18,784
609
14,873
143
444
2,663
52
132
0
0
0
1
0
0
NA
33
7
83
8
2007
1,471
1
1,055
205
74
34
3,392
0
1
0
0
3,272
96
1
4
15
3
42,463
11
2,034
11
19
1,257
38,631
1
2
497
46
0
0
0
2
0
31
0
0
12
21,712
859
17,767
160
507
2,375
45
346
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
43
7
283
13
2008
1,350
0
998
232
45
35
3,289
0
1
0
0
3,167
94
6
8
9
4
44,790
13
2,570
13
10
1,389
40,326
2
2
465
64
0
0
0
6
3
38
0
0
17
21,312
817
16,625
164
653
3,007
45
487
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
56
5
414
12
2009
1,385
54
1,003
277
9
43
4,674
0
1
0
0
4,603
54
1
6
7
2
44,542
15
920
4
11
3,431
39,748
3
2
409
48
0
0
0
4
1
37
0
0
6
18,541
805
14,232
152
518
2,794
39
544
0
1
0
0
0
0
NA
54
3
479
6
2010
1,667
53
1,249
306
12
46
2,852
0
1
0
1
2,732
95
2
8
10
3
56,163
12
795
12
10
6,045
48,746
3
1
539
52
0
0
0
3
0
41
0
0
8
18,085
870
12,846
180
615
3,528
47
663
0
1
1
0
0
0
NA
51
2
600
7
Appendix table 6-37

Balance
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
5,313
16,329
1,044
222
-980
2,495
-1,155
-3,211
860
6,773
198
117
1,974
861
5,705
1,427
-17,607
-4,673
-30,557
835
-1,113
-9,496
-2,690
-5,848
-5,586
-6,319
-339
11,500
1,003
-4
-620
1,471
-55
210
4,535
372
1,063
1
-2,585
-107
40
2,100
135
524
419
3,807
1,182
3,051
799
470
-808
-3,707
278
693
1,849
1,071
4,451
7,333
483
113
-2,281
1,843
-740
-5,687
774
5,284
163
319
1,169
173
4,183
1,539
-11,486
-3,419
-22,611
871
-1,202
-8,578
-1,146
-1,850
-4,557
-5,948
-201
7,349
425
-19
-659
874
-23
249
4,465
491
1,121
2
-2,224
179
-48
1,693
63
526
448
-860
811
2,007
678
500
-268
-6,909
204
611
1,505
1,620
-16,584
1,919
358
113
-1,133
1,259
-849
-9,800
1,277
5,485
138
-83
775
-298
3,426
1,252
-6,835
-8,224
-20,435
1,056
-1,061
-7,917
-877
-1,923
-4,222
-4,155
-1,345
16,858
1,192
285
-401
1,164
17
127
3,680
245
799
2
1
-52
215
587
18
1,292
750
1,958
205
994
595
738
145
-3,618
287
577
2,033
963
-26,823
1,191
579
-20
-2,528
1,283
-832
-11,220
1,356
6,369
143
-234
675
-138
3,924
1,831
-5,465
-16,983
-19,084
1,058
-868
-8,580
932
-1,987
-4,839
-3,829
-982
14,287
124
37
-687
519
-3
309
2,792
36
315
12
17
-163
65
678
16
1,054
769
411
429
501
574
659
80
-4,412
300
342
1,936
1,209
-36,715
4,967
362
6
438
-61
-601
-10,289
995
7,016
154
-55
852
-430
4,763
1,826
-6,412
-31,154
-22,762
1,370
-873
-10,675
1,048
-775
-7,805
-3,007
-2,058
18,985
450
53
-448
458
-7
395
3,208
217
625
12
173
540
51
504
20
623
452
1,820
681
1,835
631
753
40
-5,640
327
869
2,325
1,325
-42,918
4,575
1,235
45
818
-120
-1,010
-10,349
428
7,467
241
-117
1,122
-762
4,895
682
-7,588
-41,974
-21,916
1,633
-708
-15,537
727
619
-2,728
-2,638
-3,293
24,397
596
104
-443
736
59
162
6,534
399
473
19
258
418
65
687
38
3,550
638
2,277
932
2,623
987
905
111
-7,322
375
1,077
2,588
1,918
-43,689
4,977
528
60
-236
1,628
-779
-10,890
650
7,299
516
48
1,018
207
3,585
1,347
-7,433
-50,459
-19,303
2,264
-611
-16,666
1,170
1,754
296
-4,027
-3,565
28,684
1,620
93
-130
1,432
17
207
8,402
246
837
27
328
188
164
764
20
4,625
1,215
1,885
996
5,069
1,581
1,111
360
-12,255
527
1,458
3,037
1,977
-61,934
7,800
780
125
-977
4,674
-836
-12,938
255
7,177
1,251
1,050
1,231
137
3,680
2,189
-9,553
-62,836
-18,142
4,759
-505
-15,217
912
1,743
-2,659
-3,081
-4,377
20,883
1,519
74
281
993
31
243
7,392
138
812
28
503
5
84
778
27
3,518
1,566
-4,392
1,326
6,790
1,513
1,471
201
-21,429
574
1,527
3,635
1,815
-61,021
6,478
614
46
-1,209
5,629
-943
-14,442
77
8,764
971
1,418
1,213
22
3,397
921
-9,238
-67,320
-20,474
2,599
-563
-12,107
1,156
3,373
-6,235
-3,920
-5,190
29,792
2,553
187
186
1,699
105
416
8,580
146
622
36
471
205
146
1,368
30
3,784
1,787
-614
1,454
8,275
1,601
1,783
466
-20,741
807
1,742
3,999
2,189
-56,184
9,566
-1,178
24
1,138
6,453
-544
-10,966
-68
6,874
489
318
679
693
3,711
1,946
-5,671
-64,915
-20,810
3,023
-151
-8,697
69
1,611
-7,136
-5,097
-4,433
25,647
1,831
15
-168
1,386
210
388
8,576
103
877
42
468
-2,195
363
1,806
43
4,517
2,552
-728
1,428
8,751
2,314
1,641
-2,010
-19,147
846
1,634
3,813
1,896
-81,771
376
-577
173
-17
6,486
-449
-14,707
-231
6,311
343
254
758
-527
2,576
-18
-7,707
-86,803
-16,923
1,726
542
-6,789
639
3,193
-6,401
-4,956
-4,879
29,287
2,837
2
-300
2,743
163
230
9,636
281
1,358
38
324
-503
283
1,610
22
3,319
2,904
-3,970
1,610
10,153
1,701
1,879
-4,773
-21,597
1,055
1,488
4,512
2,057
Appendix table 6-37

Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Burma
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
2000
20
19
18
17
45
847
5
6
130
738
2,885
-3,615
726
307
345
90
346
0
2
18
1
0
8
0
53
28
34
168
2001
16
8
6
436
69
836
6
8
247
1,112
2,208
-2,060
878
193
-184
78
587
0
1
25
2
1
4
0
38
29
42
402
2002
31
2
8
131
123
545
7
6
117
8,593
4,324
3,745
517
143
-235
99
472
64
1
24
0
1
6
0
81
44
50
152
2003
58
5
214
69
107
617
5
7
340
7,878
3,652
4,408
449
127
-773
15
1,874
14
1
16
1
2
5
0
127
29
776
126
2004
37
4
152
184
145
591
60
7
296
10,286
2,677
7,483
502
15
-473
82
1,894
36
3
26
1
3
10
-1
768
27
405
212
2005
63
8
237
404
250
645
17
9
522
11,527
2,763
8,941
786
175
-1,271
134
1,544
60
1
52
3
5
10
0
220
24
423
324
2006
573
8
20
153
207
751
18
9
257
13,206
3,464
9,673
1,064
178
-1,176
3
1,594
172
2
37
1
3
5
NA
771
30
121
331
2007
219
10
31
258
251
788
18
20
235
13,528
3,198
9,953
722
346
-827
136
1,022
166
2
43
6
1
11
NA
707
32
-103
259
2008
440
14
86
145
191
973
13
34
362
15,825
3,587
12,205
434
298
-790
91
1,258
137
2
46
4
5
11
NA
639
77
-63
466
NA = not available; not provided by Census Bureau

EU = European Union
NOTES: Technologies classified by U.S. Census. China includes Hong Kong and Macau. Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies.
SOURCE: Census Bureau, Foreign Trade Statistics, Country and Product Trade Data, Advanced Technology Products, special tabulations (15 January 2011).
2009
126
9
85
226
309
743
23
75
299
12,972
3,524
9,760
309
433
-1,100
46
1,100
297
9
34
6
4
13
NA
271
69
-130
528
2010
117
11
502
108
234
713
31
45
296
17,484
3,293
14,692
665
530
-1,741
45
1,244
617
10
48
8
2
12
NA
449
21
-221
299
Appendix table 6-38

U.S. trade in information and communications products, by region/country/economy: 200010
Exports
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
64,196
20,513
568
89
1,694
3,465
63
1,937
730
4,887
164
64
395
295
5,301
859
6,488
3,625
8,707
483
40
771
280
2,100
3,063
1,485
484
24,878
384
13
130
173
16
52
1,398
0
130
0
0
770
20
148
8
151
79
11,154
884
2,206
517
337
120
5,035
203
480
1,372
304
53,437
17,296
566
94
1,404
3,207
54
1,619
696
3,815
114
65
299
242
4,208
913
5,248
3,894
6,346
426
64
710
218
1,607
1,643
1,215
464
20,669
334
17
155
96
20
46
1,321
220
136
0
0
602
12
122
7
129
98
9,656
548
1,739
389
377
161
4,414
164
422
1,442
299
53,289
14,967
345
128
1,372
2,531
83
1,326
459
3,721
110
37
314
233
3,541
770
4,371
3,583
6,968
628
64
960
175
1,711
1,732
1,179
519
23,422
510
201
159
88
14
49
952
15
91
0
1
464
9
132
5
151
89
10,894
140
1,390
431
436
148
6,051
228
385
1,686
288
53,115
14,693
304
114
1,275
2,534
78
1,262
510
3,451
102
30
575
271
3,503
686
4,002
3,493
6,687
650
93
780
168
1,972
1,344
1,057
623
24,269
402
13
190
78
11
111
1,011
8
97
0
9
441
11
118
5
171
152
11,314
295
1,115
376
454
191
6,831
254
218
1,580
351
59,010
15,181
362
102
1,241
2,455
99
1,114
576
3,710
101
36
473
204
3,971
739
4,149
3,795
7,055
824
84
819
172
1,946
1,227
1,231
754
28,858
444
14
231
103
15
82
1,341
164
107
0
97
495
16
129
7
196
137
14,377
402
1,290
427
558
195
8,554
260
661
2,030
401
63,769
15,901
501
181
1,213
2,583
132
1,184
531
4,372
156
45
320
230
3,597
857
3,787
4,646
8,083
911
142
1,132
203
2,178
1,412
1,039
1,066
31,401
435
24
217
121
13
60
1,530
180
101
0
105
532
17
156
5
263
173
15,228
559
1,800
534
611
200
8,241
278
766
2,239
443
68,928
16,291
473
249
1,238
2,824
224
1,183
530
4,133
140
53
292
281
3,693
977
4,107
5,531
8,030
994
86
1,062
257
2,039
1,462
1,089
1,042
35,020
520
56
241
154
19
51
1,823
184
263
0
77
493
26
221
9
392
162
17,932
664
2,246
643
696
282
9,385
413
1,150
2,451
535
74,582
17,285
716
172
1,358
3,204
224
1,139
569
4,637
155
52
318
318
3,329
1,093
3,945
5,838
8,282
1,119
114
1,005
264
2,057
1,478
1,235
1,010
39,326
657
34
321
196
30
77
2,020
99
154
0
122
540
24
205
8
682
191
19,585
902
2,798
809
955
296
9,411
436
1,057
2,922
572
77,331
16,488
780
178
1,392
2,616
235
1,104
546
4,783
171
46
354
326
3,125
834
3,306
6,269
8,433
1,034
118
1,031
396
2,266
1,517
1,028
1,043
43,049
647
50
224
228
26
120
2,150
89
126
0
163
551
31
255
11
682
246
22,579
991
3,304
897
1,169
314
11,009
632
1,210
3,053
618
66,663
12,164
498
116
967
2,016
218
821
436
3,506
127
37
255
243
2,336
588
2,611
6,169
6,846
953
184
884
363
1,896
1,134
718
715
38,873
422
18
150
154
15
84
2,152
26
112
0
240
472
31
308
17
699
247
22,006
794
3,009
871
935
384
11,550
591
1,086
2,786
454
77,686
12,728
562
150
1,039
1,925
263
514
503
3,918
202
47
281
240
2,454
630
2,514
7,074
7,450
931
98
1,077
437
2,082
1,230
833
762
47,920
537
25
187
234
17
75
2,382
21
120
1
75
557
42
257
5
1,026
279
28,029
992
3,580
1,106
1,190
352
15,730
713
1,000
3,367
454
Appendix table 6-38

Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
Imports
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
2000
7
2
3
8
24
189
3
6
65
11,481
1,501
9,187
263
100
414
15
157
0
7
0
1
0
1
0
21
27
16
67
2001
8
1
2
7
39
142
5
0
91
8,895
1,036
7,248
131
85
383
14
163
0
15
0
1
0
1
0
19
19
20
65
2002
10
2
2
12
62
126
4
4
69
10,495
982
9,084
136
81
203
9
283
63
9
0
0
1
4
0
41
40
27
71
2003
16
4
11
9
79
158
4
5
76
10,955
965
9,580
129
84
181
15
236
7
5
0
1
2
2
0
33
30
31
92
2004
21
2
3
13
67
204
6
4
83
12,000
1,069
10,502
127
95
193
14
296
20
12
0
1
2
7
0
58
12
35
113
2005
7
7
6
13
88
219
7
4
96
13,404
1,243
11,632
152
120
238
19
362
18
28
0
2
4
7
0
64
18
51
120
2006
21
3
6
21
108
270
7
5
100
13,799
1,489
11,726
134
150
289
12
411
27
17
0
1
3
1
NA
73
22
54
158
2007
16
7
7
39
90
290
1
12
103
15,933
1,731
13,654
154
153
224
18
558
47
14
2
1
0
3
NA
121
18
99
154
2008
23
7
11
29
96
311
1
15
127
16,229
1,414
14,209
155
199
206
47
825
43
13
0
3
2
3
NA
143
18
218
164
2009
13
4
8
21
62
189
15
18
123
13,343
1,241
11,716
122
98
153
13
496
100
8
0
4
1
2
NA
50
7
150
174
2010
19
4
7
21
59
215
15
17
99
15,893
1,254
14,217
95
119
199
9
624
194
9
1
3
1
3
NA
79
9
154
171
111,180
9,184
176
38
900
876
1,208
1,644
468
198
21
19
71
760
2,605
200
18,891
9,960
46,502
41
891
9,593
2,501
9,604
10,351
5,652
71
26,642
95,159
7,760
146
74
618
863
825
1,499
458
141
8
4
70
666
1,930
414
13,791
10,707
40,920
35
1,060
9,188
2,337
7,636
9,176
9,585
1,904
21,980
100,660
8,265
124
125
793
968
587
1,938
481
131
9
89
62
1,092
1,288
578
12,932
17,166
43,196
32
979
10,564
2,576
7,537
9,553
9,620
2,336
19,106
110,089
7,788
97
154
587
1,163
611
1,270
406
146
9
103
357
900
1,385
600
12,073
26,881
43,661
43
865
12,510
2,024
7,332
10,147
8,173
2,573
19,679
132,544
7,491
116
168
385
1,093
843
1,055
405
140
8
4
246
895
1,532
369
12,076
42,168
48,641
43
79
14,260
1,366
7,527
12,742
8,075
3,759
22,173
147,178
8,193
102
208
429
1,077
1,109
1,268
311
137
12
2
92
1,310
1,276
481
11,816
54,230
50,293
127
53
207
1,277
6,737
9,557
7,578
5,380
22,667
160,784
7,270
141
169
322
1,230
864
1,474
266
147
16
2
48
675
1,125
358
11,691
64,971
52,975
239
28
21,403
106
6,599
8,958
8,338
5,469
23,948
179,575
7,067
207
100
371
1,430
1,013
1,194
285
208
19
4
62
525
1,068
501
13,022
78,479
53,120
192
33
18,957
1,437
6,464
10,629
8,548
409
28,053
181,775
7,724
225
61
330
1,544
1,272
1,147
317
222
35
46
63
779
1,164
520
12,559
80,991
51,887
365
31
16,605
1,289
5,366
12,553
8,179
455
28,920
169,807
6,216
206
49
330
1,169
901
1,140
300
150
57
34
49
504
856
471
9,170
79,551
44,579
358
1,179
12,337
981
4,142
12,026
8,175
5,382
30,290
205,080
6,955
256
60
371
1,284
651
573
407
175
104
54
41
1,247
837
895
9,374
102,967
48,103
557
1,208
10,467
1,167
4,507
13,085
10,884
6,230
37,682
Appendix table 6-38

Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
2000
10
0
4
5
0
0
1,046
0
0
0
0
1,042
0
1
0
2
1
12,601
2
405
0
4
843
11,332
0
4
11
9
0
0
0
1
0
4
0
0
3
12,967
68
12,564
10
125
199
1
10
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
2
2001
10
0
5
0
1
1
843
0
0
0
0
836
0
0
0
3
2
14,266
2
944
1
1
111
13,190
1
1
14
15
0
0
0
4
0
5
0
0
5
6,842
60
6,472
18
140
150
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
1
2002
11
0
5
4
1
1
572
0
1
0
0
567
1
1
0
3
0
13,732
8
1,080
4
2
114
12,513
1
1
10
9
0
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
4
4,762
67
4,492
18
118
66
1
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
6
2
2003
9
0
2
5
2
1
510
0
2
0
0
501
0
0
0
4
2
14,986
3
1,002
3
1
112
13,834
0
1
29
19
0
0
0
5
0
7
0
0
6
4,136
67
3,863
28
121
57
0
19
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
1
3
2004
16
0
3
9
1
3
550
0
2
0
0
540
0
0
0
6
1
16,899
2
384
4
1
135
16,277
0
0
93
17
0
0
0
2
0
8
0
0
7
4,667
96
4,322
29
149
71
0
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
7
4
2005
15
0
4
8
1
2
638
0
0
0
0
623
0
0
0
12
1
16,518
4
760
3
3
282
15,222
1
1
242
9
0
0
0
1
0
5
0
0
3
5,428
65
5,093
22
158
89
1
59
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
25
3
2006
8
0
3
3
0
1
807
0
0
1
0
769
1
0
1
34
1
17,431
3
546
6
5
354
16,380
1
1
134
15
0
0
0
3
0
7
0
0
5
5,525
69
5,136
30
205
83
3
162
0
0
0
1
0
0
NA
1
6
75
4
2007
20
0
3
7
8
0
1,178
0
0
0
0
1,161
0
0
0
10
2
20,573
3
285
5
14
432
19,690
0
1
143
20
0
0
0
1
0
8
0
0
11
5,907
108
5,430
36
244
87
2
355
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
6
171
7
2008
19
0
7
8
3
1
1,012
0
0
0
0
999
0
0
4
5
2
21,364
4
211
5
7
444
20,600
0
0
92
27
0
0
0
4
0
10
0
0
13
5,867
91
5,249
34
361
129
3
631
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
1
5
309
6
2009
22
0
5
13
2
2
934
0
0
0
0
927
0
1
2
3
0
24,445
5
182
2
6
2,612
21,591
2
1
45
13
0
0
0
3
0
5
0
0
4
4,506
86
4,029
25
254
111
2
371
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
3
363
4
2010
29
0
4
19
5
1
1,000
0
0
0
1
987
0
1
3
6
2
31,978
2
103
9
6
2,839
28,992
1
1
26
12
0
0
0
2
0
6
0
0
4
4,222
96
3,628
31
350
115
2
440
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
2
433
5
Appendix table 6-38

Balance
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
-46,984
11,328
391
51
795
2,589
-1,144
294
261
4,690
143
45
324
-465
2,697
658
-12,403
-6,336
-37,795
442
-851
-8,822
-2,221
-7,504
-7,288
-4,166
413
-1,764
374
13
127
168
16
51
352
0
130
0
0
-272
20
146
8
149
78
-1,447
882
1,801
517
333
-722
-6,297
203
476
1,362
295
-41,721
9,535
420
20
787
2,344
-771
121
238
3,674
106
61
229
-424
2,278
498
-8,543
-6,814
-34,574
391
-996
-8,478
-2,119
-6,029
-7,533
-8,370
-1,440
-1,311
325
17
150
96
19
45
477
220
136
0
0
-235
12
122
7
126
96
-4,609
547
794
388
377
50
-8,776
163
421
1,428
284
-47,370
6,703
220
2
579
1,563
-504
-612
-22
3,590
100
-52
253
-859
2,253
192
-8,561
-13,583
-36,228
596
-915
-9,604
-2,401
-5,826
-7,821
-8,441
-1,817
4,317
500
201
154
84
13
48
380
15
90
0
1
-103
8
131
5
148
88
-2,838
132
310
427
434
35
-6,463
227
384
1,676
279
-56,974
6,905
207
-40
687
1,371
-533
-8
105
3,305
93
-73
217
-630
2,117
86
-8,071
-23,389
-36,974
607
-772
-11,730
-1,856
-5,361
-8,803
-7,116
-1,950
4,591
393
13
188
72
9
110
502
8
96
0
9
-60
11
118
5
167
149
-3,672
292
113
373
453
79
-7,003
254
216
1,551
332
-73,534
7,690
246
-66
856
1,362
-744
58
171
3,570
93
32
227
-691
2,439
370
-7,926
-38,373
-41,586
781
5
-13,441
-1,194
-5,581
-11,515
-6,845
-3,006
6,686
429
14
228
95
13
79
791
164
105
0
97
-45
16
129
7
190
136
-2,522
400
906
423
556
60
-7,723
260
661
1,937
384
-83,409
7,708
398
-27
784
1,506
-977
-84
219
4,235
144
43
227
-1,079
2,321
376
-8,029
-49,584
-42,210
784
89
925
-1,075
-4,559
-8,144
-6,539
-4,314
8,734
420
24
213
113
12
59
892
180
101
0
105
-92
17
156
5
252
171
-1,290
555
1,039
532
608
-82
-6,982
277
765
1,997
433
-91,857
9,020
333
81
915
1,594
-640
-290
264
3,986
124
51
244
-395
2,569
618
-7,584
-59,441
-44,945
754
58
-20,340
151
-4,560
-7,497
-7,249
-4,427
11,072
511
56
237
150
18
50
1,017
184
263
-1
77
-277
25
220
8
358
161
501
661
1,701
637
691
-72
-6,995
413
1,149
2,316
520
-104,993
10,219
509
72
988
1,774
-790
-55
285
4,429
136
47
256
-206
2,261
592
-9,077
-72,641
-44,839
926
81
-17,952
-1,172
-4,407
-9,152
-7,313
601
11,273
637
34
318
189
22
76
843
99
154
0
122
-621
24
205
8
671
189
-988
899
2,513
804
941
-136
-10,279
436
1,056
2,780
551
-104,444
8,765
555
117
1,063
1,072
-1,037
-43
229
4,560
136
0
291
-453
1,961
313
-9,253
-74,723
-43,454
669
87
-15,574
-893
-3,099
-11,036
-7,150
588
14,129
629
50
218
220
23
118
1,138
89
126
0
163
-447
31
255
7
677
244
1,215
987
3,093
892
1,162
-129
-9,591
632
1,209
2,961
591
-103,144
5,948
292
67
637
847
-683
-319
136
3,356
70
3
206
-261
1,480
117
-6,559
-73,382
-37,733
595
-995
-11,453
-618
-2,246
-10,892
-7,457
-4,667
8,583
400
18
145
141
13
82
1,218
26
112
0
240
-455
31
307
15
696
247
-2,439
789
2,827
869
929
-2,228
-10,041
589
1,085
2,741
441
-127,394
5,773
306
90
668
641
-388
-59
96
3,743
98
-7
240
-1,007
1,617
-265
-6,860
-95,893
-40,653
374
-1,110
-9,390
-730
-2,425
-11,855
-10,051
-5,468
10,238
508
25
183
215
12
74
1,382
21
120
1
74
-430
42
256
2
1,020
277
-3,949
990
3,477
1,097
1,184
-2,487
-13,262
712
999
3,341
442
Appendix table 6-38

Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
2000
7
1
3
6
24
185
3
6
62
-1,486
1,433
-3,376
253
-25
215
14
148
0
7
-1
1
0
1
0
20
21
16
65
2001
8
1
2
2
39
138
4
0
86
2,054
976
776
112
-54
232
12
158
0
15
0
1
0
2
0
19
15
20
64
2002
10
2
2
10
62
123
3
4
65
5,733
915
4,592
118
-37
137
8
263
63
9
0
0
1
4
0
41
35
21
69
2003
16
4
11
3
78
151
4
5
70
6,818
898
5,718
101
-37
124
14
217
7
5
0
1
2
2
0
32
23
31
89
2004
21
2
3
12
67
196
6
4
76
7,332
973
6,180
98
-54
122
14
272
20
12
0
1
2
7
0
58
6
28
109
2005
7
7
6
12
88
214
7
4
93
7,976
1,178
6,538
130
-38
150
18
303
17
28
0
2
4
7
0
64
13
26
116
2006
21
3
6
18
108
263
7
5
94
8,275
1,420
6,591
104
-55
206
9
249
27
17
0
0
3
1
NA
72
16
-20
154
2007
16
7
7
37
90
282
0
12
92
10,026
1,623
8,224
118
-91
137
16
202
47
14
2
1
0
3
NA
121
12
-72
147
2008
23
7
11
26
96
301
1
15
114
10,362
1,323
8,960
120
-162
76
44
194
43
13
0
3
2
3
NA
143
13
-92
159

EU = European Union
2009
13
4
8
18
62
184
15
18
119
8,837
1,155
7,687
97
-156
42
11
125
100
8
0
4
1
2
NA
50
4
-213
170
2010
19
4
7
19
59
209
15
17
95
11,671
1,158
10,589
64
-231
84
7
184
194
9
1
3
1
3
NA
79
7
-279
166
Appendix table 6-39

U.S. trade in aerospace products, by region/country/economy: 200010
Exports
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
51,030
22,614
607
188
4,287
4,413
11
717
795
1,757
19
104
1,340
1,326
6,092
958
4,054
2,034
6,327
296
49
337
112
1,257
2,105
1,603
567
16,001
1,587
0
203
1,244
1
139
4,618
0
852
0
0
846
150
1,839
122
271
264
2,910
116
1,470
176
61
18
381
37
56
595
665
54,295
21,286
567
110
4,870
4,207
54
762
707
1,251
33
99
641
577
6,143
1,266
3,579
2,933
10,082
352
50
685
52
3,993
2,784
1,593
572
16,411
972
0
13
765
3
190
4,313
264
897
0
0
1,144
17
1,410
53
292
244
3,493
111
2,207
199
43
12
668
13
62
178
1,191
53,228
19,833
378
113
5,448
2,909
29
849
1,678
1,429
27
139
448
481
4,424
1,481
4,870
3,732
8,441
333
72
954
67
3,297
2,449
1,095
173
16,186
1,280
154
37
1,020
3
67
3,848
225
634
0
0
944
294
320
10
1,029
564
2,977
41
1,473
53
203
24
610
33
100
439
531
49,831
20,214
231
54
3,737
2,680
298
1,020
1,616
2,475
21
106
439
441
4,748
2,348
5,719
2,593
7,372
327
51
257
66
3,100
1,684
1,265
622
14,648
601
3
13
390
8
187
2,781
19
163
0
5
804
134
388
9
753
508
2,792
57
1,138
80
93
11
757
14
72
569
672
54,737
23,132
266
107
6,158
2,942
459
1,087
1,369
2,134
40
391
669
319
4,932
2,260
5,228
2,076
8,071
426
98
673
128
3,275
1,826
1,447
198
16,563
720
2
93
309
7
309
2,677
40
316
0
39
1,424
127
227
10
290
206
4,320
173
2,305
82
83
31
1,058
29
99
460
763
64,141
22,944
363
140
6,389
3,711
124
1,561
1,032
1,330
72
444
842
371
5,345
1,222
5,573
4,214
9,578
660
187
413
66
3,728
2,114
2,175
236
22,177
862
55
161
527
32
88
5,911
190
228
1
106
1,429
131
344
29
3,145
313
4,684
206
2,233
277
109
44
1,124
46
132
512
1,211
75,964
24,731
490
87
6,416
4,359
34
1,201
1,116
1,909
537
557
700
337
5,482
1,506
5,954
5,450
12,508
1,347
144
760
63
4,299
3,561
1,450
884
27,395
1,764
6
426
1,174
45
114
7,676
37
412
0
173
1,562
220
329
8
4,086
852
6,903
133
3,244
735
194
67
1,817
55
114
542
1,166
84,108
29,859
518
187
7,694
5,246
42
1,433
993
1,746
1,083
505
911
310
6,627
2,564
6,464
6,528
13,829
3,604
395
543
76
3,706
3,356
1,516
633
27,386
1,631
16
704
729
47
135
6,620
14
454
0
316
1,632
133
344
15
2,627
1,143
7,505
180
4,525
499
237
37
1,209
42
186
590
943
84,633
30,444
803
176
7,284
5,680
55
1,389
1,145
1,943
863
735
969
381
7,176
1,844
6,658
5,177
10,775
1,792
540
376
156
3,900
2,583
1,177
252
31,606
2,384
111
547
1,407
82
237
7,151
29
274
0
251
1,552
183
781
17
2,781
1,289
9,030
159
5,563
513
257
81
1,518
50
111
779
1,231
83,951
29,823
663
106
8,646
5,513
67
1,896
1,037
1,818
343
210
572
316
6,096
2,538
5,513
7,619
9,964
2,236
909
613
262
2,970
1,937
808
229
31,033
2,086
14
415
1,226
168
263
8,654
56
582
0
153
996
346
1,067
10
3,399
2,045
9,447
307
4,674
1,242
382
22
1,642
79
245
854
1,055
80,703
26,163
757
187
7,221
5,408
34
1,714
779
1,518
459
190
615
236
5,975
1,070
5,288
7,245
12,260
1,261
1,727
901
304
3,871
2,567
1,343
284
29,747
2,984
13
274
2,451
132
115
7,572
231
1,116
0
173
874
284
899
10
1,798
2,186
8,131
243
4,422
359
269
83
1,588
116
140
911
1,184
Appendix table 6-39

Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
Imports
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
2000
7
0
14
10
18
579
1
0
50
6,073
1,215
3,203
450
345
778
81
149
0
4
0
0
0
5
0
42
3
2
89
2001
5
0
0
431
21
588
1
1
145
6,093
981
3,460
750
320
505
76
349
0
5
0
0
0
1
0
30
3
4
302
2002
18
0
6
117
52
302
3
0
37
7,403
3,126
3,050
391
256
483
97
147
0
5
0
0
0
1
0
53
7
4
72
2003
38
0
201
59
18
327
1
1
228
6,230
2,377
3,013
336
150
341
13
1,572
2
5
0
0
0
1
0
101
2
718
26
2004
12
1
148
159
68
290
54
1
180
6,597
1,246
4,068
409
163
618
93
1,486
11
5
0
0
0
1
0
708
13
336
75
2005
44
0
231
374
147
291
7
4
343
8,454
1,158
5,531
669
278
680
137
1,056
24
8
0
0
2
2
0
142
4
349
177
2006
541
6
13
128
74
319
10
3
86
8,811
1,534
5,316
988
263
677
32
1,075
132
7
0
0
0
3
NA
629
4
78
145
2007
177
1
23
210
128
324
0
5
81
9,932
1,214
6,858
630
411
673
147
754
96
19
0
0
0
6
NA
518
4
16
79
2008
393
5
73
104
56
451
0
11
192
10,978
1,722
7,277
326
484
1,091
77
832
72
19
0
0
2
5
NA
360
47
33
262
2009
82
2
74
199
217
330
6
50
95
9,016
1,793
5,729
218
615
603
58
774
127
11
0
0
2
9
NA
153
52
100
320
2010
73
5
492
74
134
288
7
16
96
9,201
1,628
5,376
611
828
699
59
674
311
12
0
0
0
5
NA
220
3
49
73
25,733
15,141
110
10
7,021
3,266
2
48
421
161
15
5
49
143
3,806
85
1,530
77
381
5
1
1
17
93
194
39
9
8,604
30,511
17,152
128
27
7,730
3,663
1
52
494
169
21
0
56
150
4,572
88
1,818
103
550
5
2
2
27
124
302
76
13
10,887
25,005
13,103
92
39
6,234
2,338
1
55
432
154
20
2
83
127
3,446
79
1,380
115
424
5
1
9
12
128
212
52
5
9,983
22,766
10,741
79
70
5,069
1,699
1
44
386
149
26
1
47
114
2,967
88
1,290
133
443
9
2
16
12
121
198
80
6
10,159
23,610
11,197
80
94
5,094
1,833
1
61
461
171
53
0
123
140
2,915
165
1,405
183
544
11
5
19
14
142
233
111
12
10,282
25,360
12,349
115
103
4,943
2,835
0
82
625
191
54
13
69
106
3,035
177
1,685
176
674
9
5
31
16
172
354
92
9
10,475
27,594
14,937
127
158
6,791
2,542
2
90
680
206
252
0
131
111
3,609
232
2,236
261
812
13
8
28
0
179
445
114
13
9,348
33,823
17,484
147
206
8,964
2,382
23
99
865
214
202
5
170
246
3,716
245
2,794
354
975
15
6
40
8
237
497
153
8
12,217
34,999
18,137
240
250
8,793
2,798
35
110
918
237
158
0
136
253
3,955
247
2,562
408
967
42
6
31
8
318
367
175
6
12,926
29,895
16,268
261
152
7,480
3,059
18
50
816
248
169
6
166
160
3,482
201
2,842
413
907
31
9
42
8
245
388
168
16
9,465
29,275
15,711
263
135
7,355
2,150
36
26
1,072
272
358
9
186
220
3,409
220
2,989
508
1,041
31
12
63
11
260
480
180
3
9,025
Appendix table 6-39

Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
2000
222
0
63
85
74
0
479
0
0
0
0
473
0
5
0
0
0
1,579
1
1,466
1
0
0
108
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
6,320
111
6,082
2
73
53
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2001
200
0
59
2
50
0
574
0
0
0
0
567
0
1
0
6
1
2,078
1
1,936
1
0
0
136
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
8,033
146
7,706
2
132
47
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2002
104
0
25
72
7
0
557
0
0
0
0
554
0
2
0
0
0
2,165
1
1,848
0
1
0
312
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
7,149
128
6,805
3
126
87
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
5
0
0
2003
201
0
96
73
32
0
549
0
0
0
0
548
0
0
0
0
0
1,887
0
1,682
0
0
0
202
0
0
2
5
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
1
7,516
126
7,232
8
91
60
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2004
170
0
38
91
40
0
627
0
0
0
0
622
2
2
1
1
0
2,578
0
2,384
0
1
0
191
0
0
1
6
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
6,900
107
6,591
10
136
55
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2005
161
0
40
120
1
0
722
0
1
0
0
713
1
5
2
0
0
1,998
1
1,807
1
0
0
186
0
1
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
7,590
124
7,166
10
73
217
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
2006
283
0
72
147
1
1
926
0
0
0
0
920
0
0
3
1
0
1,345
1
1,151
1
3
0
188
0
0
1
4
0
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
6,788
136
6,317
13
80
241
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
1
0
0
0
2007
364
0
109
189
62
2
1,219
0
1
0
0
1,212
0
0
3
2
0
2,060
0
1,703
5
3
1
342
0
1
6
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
8,566
174
8,065
10
88
229
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
1
0
0
3
2008
336
0
83
214
36
3
1,320
0
0
0
0
1,309
0
5
4
1
0
2,834
0
2,290
6
0
1
526
0
0
11
9
0
0
0
2
2
4
0
0
0
8,420
171
7,779
4
116
350
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
1
0
0
3
2009
345
0
83
253
4
5
752
0
0
0
0
746
1
1
3
1
0
1,131
1
673
1
2
0
450
0
0
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
7,231
160
6,685
2
116
267
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
1
0
0
0
2010
405
0
129
271
3
1
749
0
0
0
0
742
0
1
5
1
0
1,317
1
633
2
2
1
677
1
0
2
6
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
6,545
159
6,041
7
105
233
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
1
0
0
0
Appendix table 6-39

Balance
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
25,297
7,472
497
178
-2,734
1,146
9
669
374
1,595
4
99
1,291
1,183
2,287
873
2,525
1,958
5,947
291
48
336
95
1,164
1,911
1,564
558
7,397
1,364
0
139
1,159
-73
139
4,140
0
852
0
0
374
150
1,833
122
271
264
1,331
115
4
175
61
18
273
37
56
592
662
23,784
4,133
440
83
-2,860
544
53
709
213
1,082
12
99
584
426
1,570
1,178
1,761
2,830
9,532
347
49
683
25
3,869
2,482
1,518
558
5,523
772
0
-46
763
-47
190
3,738
264
897
0
0
578
17
1,409
53
286
243
1,415
110
271
198
43
12
532
13
61
175
1,190
28,223
6,730
285
74
-786
571
28
794
1,245
1,276
8
137
365
354
978
1,402
3,490
3,617
8,017
328
70
946
54
3,169
2,237
1,044
168
6,202
1,176
154
12
948
-5
67
3,291
225
634
0
0
389
294
318
10
1,029
564
812
40
-374
53
202
24
298
33
99
436
528
27,065
9,473
152
-16
-1,332
980
297
976
1,230
2,326
-5
105
392
328
1,780
2,261
4,429
2,460
6,929
318
49
241
54
2,979
1,486
1,185
616
4,489
400
3
-83
317
-24
187
2,232
19
163
0
5
256
133
388
9
753
508
905
57
-544
80
92
10
555
14
72
568
667
31,127
11,935
185
13
1,064
1,109
459
1,026
908
1,963
-13
391
546
179
2,016
2,095
3,823
1,893
7,527
416
92
654
114
3,134
1,593
1,336
185
6,282
551
2
55
218
-33
309
2,050
40
315
0
39
803
125
225
9
289
206
1,742
173
-79
81
82
31
868
29
98
459
757
38,781
10,595
248
36
1,445
876
124
1,479
406
1,139
18
431
773
265
2,310
1,045
3,887
4,039
8,904
651
183
382
50
3,556
1,760
2,083
227
11,702
701
55
121
407
31
87
5,190
190
228
1
106
716
130
338
27
3,144
313
2,686
205
425
276
109
44
938
46
131
510
1,208
48,369
9,794
363
-71
-375
1,816
32
1,111
436
1,704
285
557
569
226
1,873
1,274
3,718
5,189
11,696
1,333
136
732
63
4,121
3,116
1,336
871
18,047
1,481
6
353
1,026
44
112
6,749
37
412
0
173
642
220
329
5
4,085
852
5,558
132
2,093
734
191
67
1,630
55
114
541
1,162
50,286
12,376
371
-19
-1,270
2,864
19
1,333
128
1,532
881
500
741
65
2,911
2,319
3,670
6,175
12,854
3,588
389
503
68
3,469
2,859
1,363
625
15,169
1,268
16
595
540
-15
133
5,402
14
453
0
316
420
133
344
12
2,625
1,143
5,446
180
2,822
495
234
36
867
42
186
584
940
49,634
12,308
563
-74
-1,509
2,882
21
1,279
227
1,706
704
735
833
128
3,221
1,597
4,096
4,769
9,808
1,750
534
345
148
3,582
2,216
1,002
246
18,680
2,048
111
463
1,193
47
234
5,831
29
274
0
251
243
183
776
13
2,780
1,289
6,196
159
3,273
507
257
81
992
50
110
768
1,222
54,056
13,555
402
-46
1,166
2,454
49
1,846
221
1,570
174
204
406
156
2,614
2,337
2,671
7,206
9,057
2,205
900
571
254
2,725
1,549
640
213
21,568
1,741
14
332
973
164
258
7,902
56
582
0
153
250
345
1,066
7
3,398
2,045
8,316
306
4,001
1,241
380
22
1,192
79
245
851
1,050
51,428
10,452
494
52
-134
3,258
-2
1,688
-293
1,246
101
181
429
16
2,566
850
2,299
6,737
11,219
1,230
1,715
838
293
3,611
2,087
1,163
281
20,722
2,579
13
145
2,180
129
114
6,823
231
1,116
0
173
132
284
898
5
1,797
2,186
6,814
242
3,789
357
267
82
911
115
140
909
1,178
Appendix table 6-39

Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
2000
7
0
14
10
18
578
1
0
48
-247
1,104
-2,878
448
273
725
81
147
0
4
0
0
0
5
0
42
3
2
88
2001
5
0
0
431
21
587
1
1
145
-1,940
835
-4,247
748
189
459
76
348
0
5
0
0
0
1
0
29
3
4
301
2002
18
0
6
117
52
301
3
0
36
254
2,998
-3,755
387
131
397
97
141
0
5
0
0
0
1
0
52
3
4
72
2003
38
0
201
59
18
323
1
1
227
-1,286
2,252
-4,219
329
59
281
13
1,571
2
5
0
0
0
1
0
101
2
717
26
2004
12
1
148
159
68
284
54
1
179
-303
1,139
-2,523
399
26
563
93
1,485
11
5
0
0
0
1
0
708
13
336
74
2005
44
0
231
374
147
289
7
4
343
864
1,034
-1,635
659
206
463
137
1,055
24
8
0
0
2
2
0
141
4
349
176
2006
541
5
13
128
74
317
10
3
86
2,023
1,398
-1,002
975
183
437
32
1,074
132
7
0
0
0
3
NA
628
4
78
145
2007
177
1
23
210
128
322
0
5
81
1,366
1,040
-1,207
620
323
443
147
748
96
19
0
0
0
6
NA
517
4
16
75
2008
393
5
73
103
53
447
0
11
192
2,558
1,551
-502
322
368
742
77
825
72
19
0
0
2
5
NA
359
47
32
259

EU = European Union
2009
82
2
74
199
217
326
6
50
95
1,785
1,633
-956
216
499
336
58
772
127
11
0
0
2
9
NA
152
52
100
320
2010
73
5
492
74
134
282
7
16
96
2,656
1,469
-665
604
723
466
59
672
311
12
0
0
0
5
NA
219
3
49
73
Appendix table 6-40

U.S. trade in electronics products, by region/country/economy: 200010
Exports
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
45,928
5,517
76
15
953
985
13
437
444
354
10
131
63
153
1,475
408
3,299
2,637
24,610
48
79
5,063
4,680
3,075
5,541
4,006
2,118
9,870
38
0
13
22
1
2
447
0
5
0
0
386
6
5
1
27
17
5,502
32
670
27
7
219
4,478
9
13
47
23
34,035
4,787
53
16
661
1,086
18
349
261
348
7
357
48
114
1,109
362
2,545
2,278
17,576
52
53
3,633
4,316
1,828
3,110
3,048
1,537
6,851
34
0
13
17
2
2
325
1
11
0
1
272
1
9
0
15
16
4,257
17
516
19
8
244
3,397
3
16
37
22
42,747
5,298
56
57
592
1,489
95
317
308
557
11
21
77
146
1,207
364
2,780
3,977
21,225
70
37
4,926
4,581
2,216
3,929
4,563
902
9,476
57
1
32
18
2
3
298
0
7
0
0
256
1
5
0
22
7
6,413
9
650
30
6
838
4,801
3
8
68
23
46,576
4,975
52
41
531
1,503
49
556
268
419
18
23
65
112
1,050
288
2,392
5,302
24,274
82
29
6,434
5,446
2,389
4,787
4,205
902
9,642
79
0
53
20
3
3
290
0
3
0
0
241
2
9
1
25
9
6,549
17
635
33
6
1,016
4,758
5
8
71
29
48,323
4,795
73
39
368
1,277
58
491
305
331
33
12
71
108
1,353
276
2,230
6,953
23,026
90
42
5,573
4,245
3,137
4,702
3,872
1,365
11,338
69
1
39
24
2
3
516
0
3
0
3
453
1
10
0
39
7
7,176
34
672
34
8
848
5,467
7
17
89
26
47,559
4,401
80
49
307
1,338
98
366
265
389
29
13
73
107
1,044
243
1,714
6,977
22,293
118
36
5,085
3,915
2,847
4,845
3,902
1,546
12,189
57
1
29
23
2
3
426
14
9
0
7
349
1
11
1
22
11
7,517
35
693
53
22
869
5,629
6
32
177
69
53,464
5,472
76
45
335
1,967
108
415
392
338
31
179
98
237
969
282
2,032
8,995
25,005
139
34
5,906
4,306
3,629
5,237
4,315
1,438
11,985
73
2
38
26
2
5
451
11
10
0
5
351
11
13
1
38
12
7,744
55
692
55
18
1,047
5,659
6
21
192
60
50,809
5,426
106
23
316
1,820
97
230
303
301
29
852
91
257
693
309
1,736
9,723
23,379
134
62
5,039
3,974
4,243
3,870
4,657
1,400
10,557
82
1
38
34
4
5
377
3
6
0
5
267
12
17
1
50
16
6,868
69
653
50
35
1,029
4,808
9
34
182
49
50,910
4,875
162
17
358
1,507
136
223
295
243
18
765
61
162
621
306
1,584
9,515
23,712
172
52
6,107
3,659
3,925
3,294
5,257
1,247
11,255
93
3
49
29
4
9
430
4
6
0
7
297
9
23
1
68
17
7,439
76
896
33
43
1,353
4,787
18
80
153
30
37,298
2,903
62
15
306
744
132
196
178
241
17
73
48
282
471
137
1,166
7,866
15,396
170
49
4,363
1,845
2,119
2,685
3,103
1,063
9,967
69
1
38
22
1
7
322
1
5
2
5
175
5
25
4
76
24
6,905
92
917
30
34
894
4,725
43
44
127
29
45,946
2,993
61
14
378
871
95
205
243
208
25
3
62
206
460
160
1,274
9,285
19,124
173
74
5,909
2,483
2,948
2,677
3,323
1,538
13,270
87
1
47
26
2
12
329
1
6
0
2
218
13
23
2
41
23
9,693
97
1,367
31
36
676
7,202
45
23
216
28
Appendix table 6-40

Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
Imports
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
2000
0
0
0
3
0
17
0
0
3
3,843
80
3,593
9
43
116
1
16
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
5
2001
0
0
0
2
1
17
0
0
2
2,198
77
2,005
8
40
66
1
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
6
2
4
2002
0
0
0
1
1
17
0
0
4
2,662
98
2,473
11
18
60
2
24
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
9
3
2003
0
0
1
1
1
18
0
0
8
2,668
122
2,455
13
24
52
2
27
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
10
4
2004
0
1
0
1
2
14
0
0
8
3,494
125
3,264
12
24
68
1
57
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
20
10
2005
1
0
0
11
1
14
0
0
42
4,078
115
3,856
10
19
71
6
43
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
15
6
2006
1
0
0
1
1
16
0
0
41
3,593
116
3,385
11
20
59
2
64
1
0
0
0
0
0
NA
2
4
26
4
2007
0
0
0
2
6
21
16
0
20
3,141
123
2,867
10
21
118
1
41
3
0
0
0
0
0
NA
2
4
12
6
2008
2
0
1
3
3
14
9
0
6
3,183
141
2,798
10
28
205
1
80
3
0
0
0
0
0
NA
3
5
31
6
2009
1
0
1
1
2
20
0
0
3
2,603
96
2,306
8
15
176
2
41
5
1
0
0
0
0
NA
3
4
21
6
2010
1
1
0
1
2
19
0
0
4
3,032
121
2,680
12
15
203
2
100
11
0
0
0
0
0
NA
2
4
74
9
48,822
3,833
47
25
570
1,004
22
261
420
87
5
195
15
113
601
469
7,773
2,109
30,074
19
266
6,163
5,492
3,368
7,713
195
2,146
5,032
30,883
3,204
52
11
530
1,035
20
167
196
82
3
49
11
72
456
371
4,240
1,392
18,088
29
196
4,448
3,469
1,769
3,637
3,730
811
3,959
26,592
3,076
53
14
478
1,026
28
103
375
44
6
217
11
63
377
281
2,649
1,291
16,238
20
163
4,146
3,186
1,300
3,574
3,266
584
3,339
25,136
3,179
34
12
557
950
34
127
328
57
4
319
18
48
354
337
2,332
1,173
14,970
15
144
3,479
2,808
1,302
3,462
3,187
575
3,487
27,454
3,049
50
9
527
777
34
111
358
53
4
236
15
55
406
356
2,800
1,703
16,219
35
871
3,557
2,338
1,495
4,082
3,934
616
3,686
26,582
3,034
34
5
513
797
32
134
338
35
16
381
13
44
539
269
2,586
2,130
15,088
45
871
18,770
2,303
1,539
3,166
3,854
648
3,746
27,995
3,120
39
3
406
875
38
178
334
25
27
436
11
45
535
254
2,948
2,488
16,127
73
714
3,027
1,258
1,981
3,096
4,539
911
3,314
27,038
3,333
48
5
360
861
47
501
279
28
51
85
7
52
449
332
3,021
2,494
15,251
64
877
2,725
2,025
1,846
2,579
4,597
6,019
2,943
25,621
3,209
51
6
220
793
42
513
505
29
67
123
10
43
436
371
2,937
2,132
14,585
96
1,109
2,854
1,744
1,473
2,696
4,463
6,426
2,763
20,901
1,891
39
13
155
502
42
73
370
27
21
13
10
34
318
274
2,054
1,741
10,843
60
123
2,077
1,362
1,039
2,256
3,151
775
4,372
27,771
2,304
32
16
192
676
67
74
408
22
17
2
15
44
311
429
2,861
2,820
14,865
76
173
3,796
1,576
1,685
3,035
3,590
934
4,921
Appendix table 6-40

Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
2000
12
0
10
0
0
1
645
0
0
0
0
503
141
0
0
0
0
1,886
0
18
0
1
203
1,662
0
0
2
8
0
0
0
5
0
2
0
0
1
2,481
12
2,369
2
6
92
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2001
6
0
5
1
0
1
314
0
0
0
0
231
1
0
0
1
0
1,531
0
9
0
7
328
1,185
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
2,105
15
1,972
3
5
109
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2002
3
0
3
0
0
0
395
0
0
0
0
299
96
0
0
0
0
1,573
0
3
0
0
452
1,117
0
0
1
10
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
0
7
1,353
9
1,252
4
5
83
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
2003
3
0
2
0
0
0
410
0
0
0
0
322
88
1
0
0
0
1,723
0
3
0
0
629
1,088
0
0
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1,339
11
1,223
5
2
97
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
2004
4
0
3
0
0
1
458
0
0
0
0
356
101
0
0
0
0
1,608
0
3
0
0
493
1,110
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1,606
13
1,411
6
5
170
1
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
2005
4
0
3
0
0
0
370
0
0
0
0
278
91
1
0
1
0
1,332
0
5
0
2
331
992
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2,030
14
1,835
5
14
162
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
2006
6
0
4
0
1
1
510
0
0
0
0
410
99
0
0
0
0
1,392
0
7
0
0
247
1,132
0
0
6
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1,397
10
1,262
3
6
115
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
3
1
2007
4
1
3
0
0
1
246
0
0
0
0
153
3
1
0
0
0
1,387
0
8
1
0
202
1,170
0
0
5
3
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1,294
13
1,173
3
8
98
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
4
1
2008
15
0
13
0
1
1
173
0
0
0
0
82
2
0
0
0
0
1,251
1
13
0
0
209
1,023
1
0
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1,310
17
1,105
2
8
177
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
4
1
2009
6
0
5
0
1
0
2,158
0
0
0
0
2,105
53
0
0
0
0
984
0
5
0
1
117
858
0
0
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1,218
16
1,093
1
9
96
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
4
1
2010
10
0
9
0
1
0
277
0
0
0
0
184
92
0
0
0
0
3,515
0
16
0
0
2,487
1,007
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
1,111
16
994
3
18
76
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
3
0
Appendix table 6-40

Balance
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
-2,894
1,684
30
-10
383
-20
-10
176
24
266
6
-64
48
39
875
-60
-4,474
528
-5,465
29
-187
-1,100
-812
-293
-2,173
3,811
-28
4,837
27
0
3
22
1
1
-198
0
5
0
0
-117
-135
5
1
27
17
3,617
32
653
27
6
16
2,816
9
13
45
16
3,153
1,583
1
5
131
51
-3
182
66
266
4
308
37
42
653
-9
-1,694
887
-512
23
-142
-815
847
59
-527
-682
726
2,892
27
0
8
16
2
1
11
1
11
0
1
41
0
9
0
14
16
2,726
17
507
19
1
-83
2,211
3
16
36
20
16,155
2,221
2
44
113
464
67
214
-68
514
5
-197
66
83
830
84
131
2,687
4,986
50
-125
780
1,396
916
355
1,297
318
6,137
53
1
29
18
2
3
-97
0
7
0
0
-43
-95
5
0
22
7
4,840
9
647
30
6
386
3,684
3
8
66
13
21,440
1,796
18
29
-27
553
15
428
-60
363
14
-296
47
64
697
-49
61
4,129
9,304
67
-115
2,955
2,639
1,088
1,324
1,018
327
6,155
76
0
51
20
3
3
-120
0
3
0
0
-81
-86
8
1
25
9
4,826
17
632
33
6
387
3,669
5
8
69
26
20,869
1,747
23
30
-159
500
23
381
-53
278
29
-225
56
53
948
-80
-570
5,251
6,807
55
-829
2,016
1,908
1,642
619
-62
748
7,652
65
0
36
24
2
2
59
0
3
0
3
97
-100
10
0
39
7
5,568
34
669
34
8
356
4,358
7
17
87
23
20,977
1,367
46
45
-206
541
66
232
-72
354
13
-368
60
63
505
-25
-872
4,846
7,206
72
-835
-13,685
1,612
1,308
1,678
48
898
8,443
53
1
25
22
2
3
55
14
9
0
7
71
-90
11
1
22
11
6,185
35
689
52
21
538
4,637
6
32
176
66
25,469
2,352
37
42
-72
1,092
70
238
59
312
4
-257
87
192
435
27
-915
6,507
8,878
66
-680
2,880
3,048
1,648
2,142
-224
527
8,671
67
2
34
26
1
4
-59
11
10
0
5
-59
-89
13
1
38
12
6,352
54
685
55
17
800
4,527
6
21
186
58
23,770
2,093
58
18
-44
959
50
-271
24
273
-22
767
84
205
244
-23
-1,285
7,229
8,128
69
-816
2,314
1,949
2,398
1,291
60
-4,619
7,615
78
1
35
34
3
4
131
3
6
0
5
114
9
17
0
50
16
5,481
69
645
49
35
827
3,638
9
34
176
47
25,289
1,666
111
10
137
714
94
-290
-210
215
-48
642
51
119
185
-65
-1,353
7,383
9,128
76
-1,058
3,253
1,915
2,452
598
794
-5,179
8,492
78
3
36
28
3
8
257
4
6
0
7
215
7
23
1
67
16
6,188
76
883
33
43
1,144
3,763
16
80
149
27
16,397
1,012
23
2
151
242
90
123
-192
214
-4
60
38
248
153
-137
-888
6,125
4,553
110
-74
2,286
483
1,080
429
-48
288
5,595
63
1
33
22
0
7
-1,836
1
5
2
5
-1,930
-48
25
4
76
24
5,921
92
912
30
33
777
3,867
43
44
124
27
18,175
689
29
-2
186
195
28
131
-165
186
8
1
47
162
149
-269
-1,587
6,465
4,259
97
-99
2,113
907
1,263
-358
-267
604
8,349
77
1
38
26
1
12
52
1
6
0
2
34
-79
23
2
41
23
6,178
97
1,351
31
36
-1,811
6,195
45
23
212
24
Appendix table 6-40

Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
2000
0
0
0
-2
0
15
0
0
2
1,362
68
1,225
7
38
24
1
14
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
5
4
2001
0
0
0
1
1
16
0
0
1
93
62
32
5
35
-42
0
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
6
2
3
2002
0
0
0
-1
1
17
0
0
-3
1,309
90
1,221
7
13
-23
2
20
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
2
7
2
2003
0
0
1
1
1
17
0
0
6
1,330
111
1,232
8
22
-46
2
17
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
3
4
2004
0
1
0
1
1
13
0
0
7
1,888
113
1,854
5
19
-103
0
49
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
18
8
2005
1
0
0
10
0
13
0
0
41
2,048
101
2,021
5
6
-91
6
35
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
11
6
2006
1
0
0
1
1
16
0
0
40
2,195
106
2,123
8
13
-57
2
57
1
0
0
0
0
0
NA
2
4
23
3
2007
0
0
0
1
6
20
16
0
19
1,847
111
1,695
7
13
20
1
32
3
0
0
0
0
0
NA
2
3
8
6
2008
2
0
1
3
3
12
9
0
6
1,873
124
1,693
8
19
28
1
70
3
0
0
0
0
0
NA
3
5
27
5

EU = European Union
2009
1
0
1
1
2
19
0
0
3
1,385
80
1,213
7
6
80
-1
36
5
1
0
0
0
0
NA
3
4
17
5
2010
1
1
0
1
2
18
0
0
2
1,921
105
1,686
9
-3
127
-2
97
11
0
0
0
0
0
NA
2
4
71
9
Appendix table 6-41

U.S. trade in life-sciences products, by region/country/economy: 200010
Exports
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
11,413
4,988
307
13
603
1,188
11
209
342
837
28
32
239
197
740
241
1,917
532
991
98
17
45
31
155
326
262
57
2,992
127
6
36
68
2
15
284
1
40
0
0
94
2
68
4
39
37
994
81
297
46
42
13
364
14
49
88
62
12,123
5,489
268
17
633
1,310
11
318
365
859
24
43
320
231
829
262
1,918
653
931
134
17
63
27
129
308
203
50
3,144
123
7
52
49
3
11
339
3
53
0
5
87
3
104
2
35
48
978
66
280
47
47
14
329
14
68
112
62
11,828
5,238
268
18
658
1,374
15
180
388
851
18
22
181
238
786
241
1,710
714
957
144
12
61
23
152
313
207
44
3,220
114
3
51
42
8
11
306
4
32
1
0
95
2
95
2
42
36
946
20
252
48
54
21
372
12
61
104
77
12,994
5,731
319
23
684
1,638
19
157
354
876
25
22
247
278
814
275
1,793
952
1,076
164
11
51
22
178
381
206
62
3,460
138
1
66
54
5
11
378
6
21
3
1
110
4
119
2
60
54
900
38
194
46
48
54
379
14
29
97
88
14,537
6,306
363
33
741
1,641
20
209
423
996
31
32
235
301
953
328
2,072
1,023
1,242
250
9
70
28
192
388
216
88
3,906
159
2
52
86
10
9
402
10
29
6
18
120
6
103
2
45
65
1,104
54
234
62
69
49
436
19
60
120
102
16,506
7,040
450
40
746
1,768
19
221
516
1,184
48
35
252
345
1,060
356
2,195
1,170
1,512
262
17
72
50
230
515
237
128
4,613
218
6
50
136
6
20
454
10
32
12
23
99
4
122
5
61
89
1,418
83
328
79
96
60
501
23
100
148
149
18,759
8,129
564
43
855
2,043
19
293
510
1,430
49
37
311
442
1,126
408
2,358
1,240
1,659
298
23
82
56
304
537
247
114
5,401
283
15
75
141
12
41
497
5
31
9
24
119
6
131
5
83
90
1,674
98
406
92
117
65
575
31
120
169
159
21,580
9,278
846
57
947
2,296
30
225
510
1,692
71
39
361
509
1,134
560
2,480
1,441
1,991
381
28
99
55
373
617
295
143
6,417
367
17
137
161
15
38
620
18
41
13
38
124
8
137
6
110
131
2,026
116
537
89
139
55
666
56
152
215
194
25,172
10,830
1,005
62
977
2,479
29
268
556
2,600
88
40
381
537
1,302
507
2,819
1,781
2,128
437
44
105
61
465
602
260
154
7,653
477
15
228
174
22
38
742
16
70
19
27
134
12
185
5
144
131
2,492
147
686
105
165
49
814
66
223
237
201
25,260
10,785
1,156
62
887
2,497
36
376
547
2,441
83
33
359
673
1,076
560
2,676
2,021
2,183
448
41
112
74
515
598
248
147
7,595
388
12
131
183
22
40
901
14
58
20
54
135
18
264
14
175
148
2,424
154
671
107
163
74
791
56
168
241
214
27,834
11,016
1,228
62
1,041
2,607
41
223
728
2,159
111
38
449
636
1,083
610
3,392
2,435
2,603
511
58
143
86
606
730
319
150
8,389
468
12
191
204
17
45
899
21
54
19
51
153
15
224
11
150
202
2,840
184
819
121
227
104
799
65
240
281
228
Appendix table 6-41

Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
Imports
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
2000
1
0
0
2
1
49
0
0
9
1,485
308
873
39
45
217
4
40
0
4
1
0
0
1
0
10
3
8
6
2001
1
0
1
1
4
47
0
0
8
1,594
345
908
39
47
253
2
47
0
2
0
1
0
2
0
8
3
12
7
2002
1
0
0
3
6
59
0
0
8
1,728
334
1,060
30
50
246
7
48
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
8
4
13
6
2003
2
0
1
2
3
64
0
1
16
1,888
342
1,172
39
62
266
6
68
0
3
1
0
0
1
0
13
3
19
10
2004
2
0
0
6
3
79
1
2
10
2,067
393
1,319
48
53
249
6
72
1
7
0
0
0
0
0
16
6
15
12
2005
5
0
0
5
6
110
2
1
20
2,255
429
1,433
59
66
261
7
119
10
13
0
0
0
1
0
28
4
26
10
2006
6
0
1
4
10
119
0
1
19
2,648
558
1,619
53
104
309
6
140
10
10
1
1
0
1
NA
26
5
34
18
2007
16
0
0
6
12
133
0
2
24
3,068
616
1,855
67
151
367
13
141
12
7
0
1
0
1
NA
31
8
32
16
2008
12
1
1
5
18
137
0
1
25
3,571
783
2,027
77
139
536
9
170
9
11
1
1
0
2
NA
34
7
41
21
2009
16
0
2
5
15
152
1
1
21
3,511
800
1,930
85
145
540
11
157
40
13
1
1
1
1
NA
28
7
50
16
2010
12
1
2
5
19
139
5
1
44
3,747
863
2,122
91
133
517
20
207
56
17
2
1
0
2
NA
32
5
57
35
16,211
10,807
405
8
491
2,432
10
4,744
470
372
1
1
47
98
1,304
425
1,690
358
520
43
0
17
4
311
83
168
0
2,836
20,113
13,940
745
15
931
2,565
9
7,061
363
451
2
0
73
96
1,201
429
1,770
368
593
83
0
14
7
352
67
66
4
3,443
25,416
18,022
725
15
1,418
2,644
13
10,229
386
518
2
0
149
121
1,165
637
1,801
450
1,217
112
0
15
5
925
72
82
5
3,926
30,801
21,278
411
20
1,901
2,995
22
12,691
399
556
1
0
269
122
1,135
755
1,903
498
1,818
159
1
18
10
1,433
74
115
9
5,303
32,775
22,788
1,000
33
1,865
4,236
31
11,697
498
740
3
0
234
156
1,396
898
2,007
594
1,875
189
1
26
14
1,411
110
113
12
5,512
30,420
20,683
485
39
1,561
3,379
26
11,981
402
726
6
1
147
159
1,185
584
2,159
405
1,013
233
2
0
14
528
102
74
20
6,162
33,616
22,359
1,168
42
1,400
3,569
31
11,905
398
789
11
2
144
211
2,131
556
2,135
625
1,335
321
2
58
0
680
144
93
25
7,158
36,232
23,675
1,191
50
1,432
3,727
27
12,749
392
786
20
2
261
214
2,235
577
2,332
794
1,360
381
2
61
28
679
170
105
1
7,986
39,944
26,828
1,738
73
1,695
3,411
21
14,672
434
786
22
11
530
203
2,590
643
2,103
1,085
1,461
509
1
56
33
613
170
125
1
8,420
38,117
25,047
3,068
60
1,563
3,218
25
12,611
478
743
30
7
422
184
1,977
661
1,919
1,270
1,714
501
4
62
36
807
153
130
20
8,167
41,849
27,162
2,439
49
1,818
3,508
111
14,555
413
804
30
15
473
188
2,045
714
2,227
1,518
1,886
709
10
102
24
638
197
145
62
9,057
Appendix table 6-41

Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
2000
16
0
14
0
0
2
318
0
0
0
0
317
0
0
0
0
0
1,334
5
3
0
0
176
793
0
0
356
11
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
0
0
1,133
88
386
26
35
588
10
24
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
24
0
0
0
2001
18
0
14
0
0
3
350
0
0
0
0
349
0
0
0
0
0
1,543
3
3
0
1
285
895
0
0
356
4
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
1,506
85
521
32
29
829
11
23
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
0
0
0
2002
22
0
19
1
0
2
440
0
0
0
0
440
0
0
0
0
0
1,821
2
4
0
1
352
1,113
0
1
349
7
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
1,608
107
578
40
46
824
14
28
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
27
0
0
0
2003
29
0
26
1
0
3
505
0
0
0
0
504
0
0
0
1
0
2,382
2
3
0
1
464
1,480
0
0
433
7
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
2,352
127
824
40
34
1,304
23
27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
0
0
0
2004
32
0
29
1
0
2
564
0
0
0
0
562
0
0
0
1
1
2,563
3
3
0
0
474
1,695
0
0
388
9
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
2,307
165
781
58
41
1,234
28
37
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
30
0
1
2
2005
42
0
35
0
0
6
490
0
0
0
0
483
0
0
0
1
2
2,730
2
8
0
0
512
1,831
0
2
375
13
0
0
0
0
0
13
0
0
0
2,853
259
779
67
64
1,651
33
34
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
31
0
0
1
2006
48
0
36
1
0
11
479
0
0
0
0
475
0
0
0
2
1
3,166
3
7
1
3
561
2,234
0
8
349
12
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
0
0
3,419
333
1,187
78
87
1,688
44
35
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
32
1
1
1
2007
55
0
36
1
0
1
506
0
0
0
0
502
0
0
0
3
0
3,545
3
12
0
0
616
2,586
0
0
328
13
0
0
0
0
0
13
0
0
0
3,803
412
1,727
90
87
1,445
42
64
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
42
0
10
1
2008
68
0
45
2
0
20
529
0
0
0
0
527
0
0
0
1
1
3,876
3
14
1
0
728
2,786
0
1
342
15
0
0
0
0
0
14
0
0
1
3,827
446
1,380
105
79
1,776
42
105
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
54
0
25
1
2009
55
0
42
2
0
10
457
0
0
0
0
454
0
0
0
2
1
3,894
4
17
0
0
694
2,828
1
1
348
21
0
0
0
0
0
19
0
0
2
3,649
411
1,165
107
70
1,863
33
91
0
1
0
0
0
0
NA
52
0
37
1
2010
71
0
47
2
0
21
503
0
0
0
0
498
2
0
0
2
1
4,431
4
18
0
1
699
3,215
0
0
495
24
0
0
0
0
0
22
0
0
1
3,940
494
883
110
80
2,334
40
88
0
1
0
0
0
0
NA
49
0
37
1
Appendix table 6-41

Balance
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
-4,797
-5,819
-98
5
112
-1,244
1
-4,535
-128
465
27
31
192
99
-563
-183
227
173
472
55
17
29
27
-156
244
94
57
156
111
6
22
68
2
13
-34
1
40
0
0
-224
2
68
4
39
37
-340
76
294
46
42
-164
-429
14
49
-268
52
-7,990
-8,450
-477
2
-298
-1,255
2
-6,743
2
408
22
43
246
135
-372
-166
148
285
338
51
17
49
20
-223
241
137
46
-299
105
7
38
49
3
8
-10
3
53
0
5
-263
3
104
2
35
48
-564
63
277
47
47
-271
-567
14
67
-243
58
-13,589
-12,785
-457
3
-760
-1,271
2
-10,049
2
333
16
22
32
118
-380
-396
-91
265
-260
32
12
46
18
-773
240
125
39
-706
93
3
31
41
8
9
-134
4
32
1
0
-345
2
95
2
42
35
-874
18
249
48
54
-330
-741
12
61
-245
70
-17,806
-15,547
-91
3
-1,217
-1,357
-4
-12,534
-45
320
24
22
-22
157
-321
-480
-109
454
-742
5
10
33
12
-1,255
307
92
53
-1,843
108
1
41
54
5
8
-127
6
21
3
1
-394
4
119
2
59
53
-1,483
36
191
46
48
-410
-1,101
14
29
-335
81
-18,238
-16,481
-637
0
-1,124
-2,595
-12
-11,487
-75
256
28
32
0
145
-443
-570
65
429
-633
61
9
44
15
-1,219
278
104
76
-1,606
127
2
23
86
9
7
-162
10
29
6
18
-442
6
103
2
43
64
-1,460
51
230
62
69
-424
-1,260
19
60
-267
93
-13,915
-13,642
-36
1
-815
-1,611
-6
-11,760
114
459
42
33
105
186
-125
-228
35
765
499
29
15
72
36
-298
413
163
108
-1,549
176
6
15
135
6
14
-36
10
32
12
23
-384
4
122
5
60
87
-1,312
81
320
78
96
-452
-1,330
23
98
-227
136
-14,857
-14,230
-604
1
-546
-1,526
-12
-11,612
112
641
38
35
166
231
-1,005
-148
223
615
324
-24
21
24
56
-376
393
153
89
-1,757
235
15
39
140
12
30
18
5
31
9
24
-356
6
131
5
82
89
-1,492
95
399
91
114
-496
-1,659
31
112
-179
147
-14,652
-14,397
-345
7
-485
-1,431
3
-12,524
118
906
50
37
100
294
-1,100
-17
148
648
631
0
26
38
28
-305
447
190
142
-1,569
312
17
101
160
14
37
115
18
41
13
38
-379
8
137
6
108
131
-1,519
114
525
89
139
-560
-1,920
56
152
-112
181
-14,772
-15,997
-733
-10
-718
-932
8
-14,405
122
1,815
66
29
-149
334
-1,289
-136
717
696
667
-72
43
49
28
-148
432
135
153
-766
409
15
182
172
22
18
213
16
70
19
27
-392
12
185
5
143
130
-1,383
144
672
105
165
-679
-1,972
66
222
-105
187
-12,857
-14,262
-1,912
2
-676
-721
11
-12,235
69
1,698
53
26
-63
489
-901
-101
757
751
469
-53
37
50
38
-292
445
118
127
-572
333
12
89
181
22
30
444
14
58
20
54
-319
18
264
14
173
147
-1,470
150
654
107
163
-620
-2,037
55
167
-107
193
-14,015
-16,146
-1,211
13
-777
-901
-70
-14,332
315
1,355
81
23
-24
448
-962
-104
1,165
917
717
-198
48
41
62
-32
533
174
88
-688
397
12
144
202
17
24
396
21
54
19
51
-345
13
224
11
148
201
-1,591
180
801
121
226
-595
-2,416
65
240
-214
204
Appendix table 6-41

Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
2000
1
0
0
2
1
38
0
0
8
352
220
486
13
10
-371
-6
15
0
4
1
0
0
1
0
-14
3
8
5
2001
1
0
1
1
4
44
0
0
8
88
260
387
8
17
-575
-9
24
0
2
0
1
0
2
0
-15
3
12
7
2002
1
0
0
3
6
52
0
0
8
119
227
483
-11
4
-577
-7
20
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
-19
4
12
6
2003
2
0
1
2
3
57
0
1
16
-463
215
348
0
28
-1,038
-17
42
0
3
1
0
0
1
0
-13
3
19
9
2004
2
0
0
6
3
70
1
2
10
-240
228
537
-10
12
-985
-22
36
1
7
0
0
0
0
-1
-14
6
13
10
2005
5
0
0
5
6
97
2
1
20
-599
169
654
-8
2
-1,390
-27
86
10
13
0
0
0
1
0
-3
4
26
9
2006
6
0
1
4
10
108
0
1
19
-771
225
431
-25
17
-1,380
-38
104
10
10
1
1
0
1
NA
-6
4
34
16
2007
16
0
0
6
11
121
0
2
24
-734
204
128
-23
64
-1,078
-29
77
12
7
0
1
0
1
NA
-10
7
22
16
2008
12
1
1
5
18
123
0
1
25
-256
337
648
-27
60
-1,240
-33
65
9
11
1
1
0
2
NA
-19
7
17
20

EU = European Union
2009
16
0
2
5
15
133
1
1
19
-138
389
765
-22
75
-1,323
-22
66
40
12
1
1
1
1
NA
-24
7
13
15
2010
12
1
2
5
19
117
5
1
43
-193
369
1,239
-19
53
-1,817
-20
119
56
16
2
1
0
2
NA
-17
5
20
34
Appendix table 6-42

U.S. trade in optoelectronics products, by region/country/economy: 200010
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Exports
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
3,815
1,415
9
2
114
398
1
30
134
130
2
2
16
25
516
34
557
135
921
12
3
100
69
140
133
453
12
787
10
0
0
9
0
1
66
93
4
0
0
51
2
1
0
2
6
334
5
101
3
3
2
167
1
5
46
16
3,091
1,227
14
1
80
485
2
27
132
109
3
1
31
47
243
53
483
181
623
44
0
34
30
102
148
255
9
577
5
0
1
3
0
1
74
0
2
0
0
65
0
1
0
4
2
187
5
22
3
5
3
130
1
4
14
11
2,430
737
16
3
58
294
3
19
48
120
4
1
24
10
102
33
348
185
542
10
1
31
12
97
86
295
10
620
9
0
2
6
0
1
34
0
1
0
0
26
1
2
0
3
2
218
1
23
8
5
2
158
4
2
14
12
2,467
728
41
3
62
238
2
52
65
126
3
2
18
5
83
27
346
219
454
16
1
31
5
112
93
180
16
721
10
0
5
4
0
1
50
0
4
0
0
37
0
2
0
4
4
365
3
19
12
4
2
312
2
1
12
15
3,525
959
55
3
92
338
1
47
46
195
6
4
17
8
112
35
545
266
992
11
1
41
16
184
190
515
33
763
14
0
9
4
0
1
61
0
1
0
1
45
0
1
0
9
3
329
4
19
8
6
2
273
3
3
11
17
4,583
1,460
69
4
102
506
2
120
84
321
6
8
27
13
144
56
845
317
946
24
0
55
11
130
221
468
35
1,015
21
0
8
12
0
1
80
0
3
0
4
49
0
5
0
12
6
473
22
45
17
12
4
320
5
9
39
26
5,033
1,545
59
6
118
534
5
52
73
377
8
10
54
22
164
61
778
363
1,252
28
1
99
10
187
400
492
35
1,097
22
1
11
8
1
2
90
1
4
0
2
55
0
7
0
13
8
498
10
62
20
17
5
325
11
11
36
18
5,379
1,654
66
19
88
714
3
24
71
357
10
6
72
23
143
56
774
446
1,281
49
1
60
11
186
325
608
41
1,225
34
0
11
19
1
2
131
0
9
0
5
88
0
7
0
12
10
603
12
83
16
22
4
372
10
26
58
19
5,000
1,746
83
8
116
732
5
27
104
255
10
17
159
28
154
48
576
369
844
28
2
84
7
206
275
212
30
1,467
35
2
7
18
3
5
133
0
1
0
6
76
1
18
3
18
10
774
10
80
17
35
6
508
13
26
79
36
4,484
1,432
79
8
115
761
4
7
120
117
7
15
26
26
110
36
307
291
756
44
1
35
5
109
184
355
22
1,698
27
0
7
12
4
4
136
0
1
0
8
60
5
25
1
27
8
991
13
53
14
32
7
788
28
13
44
26
6,178
1,951
82
39
157
1,008
5
10
156
222
12
8
58
17
116
59
452
561
1,399
61
3
51
17
263
331
645
28
1,815
37
1
24
10
1
2
165
0
6
0
15
58
4
20
0
41
20
808
12
95
21
17
13
547
35
11
55
26
Appendix table 6-42

Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
Imports
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
2000
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
0
1
358
38
291
2
5
22
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2001
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
6
0
299
25
248
3
6
18
0
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
2002
0
0
0
1
1
9
0
0
1
341
28
289
3
4
17
0
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
2
2003
0
0
0
3
0
9
0
1
2
277
26
224
3
4
21
0
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2004
0
0
0
3
0
12
0
0
1
331
43
253
3
4
28
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
1
1
2005
0
0
0
1
5
12
0
0
8
404
39
315
7
17
25
1
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
6
2006
0
0
0
1
3
12
0
0
1
457
47
340
7
25
37
1
11
1
0
0
0
0
0
NA
2
0
1
6
2007
2
0
0
1
1
10
1
0
4
416
44
312
4
15
40
1
22
3
1
0
1
0
0
NA
7
1
2
6
2008
4
0
0
1
9
12
2
1
8
469
63
358
5
9
34
0
20
3
0
0
0
0
0
NA
9
1
2
3
2009
1
0
0
1
7
10
1
1
5
483
51
397
6
4
25
0
35
11
0
0
0
0
0
NA
10
0
6
8
2010
1
0
0
2
5
8
2
0
7
726
39
644
6
10
27
0
53
28
0
0
0
0
0
NA
4
0
17
3
5,823
351
14
1
53
90
4
2
16
32
0
3
7
11
106
14
2,042
1,492
1,084
7
148
365
38
200
88
11,376
7
854
5,607
407
11
1
44
108
19
5
16
61
0
0
10
15
97
15
1,654
1,663
1,023
8
138
286
54
134
150
109
145
860
5,447
455
24
4
48
117
49
11
17
80
0
4
6
24
48
23
1,392
1,936
974
12
115
298
51
99
206
81
119
684
5,256
664
57
4
38
118
60
8
24
235
0
4
3
27
58
28
1,354
1,288
1,094
5
61
215
60
102
283
258
109
856
7,802
677
44
6
29
137
52
12
31
223
0
1
6
34
66
33
1,627
1,664
1,373
6
1
135
67
124
502
294
173
2,455
12,149
822
54
3
38
298
55
12
38
159
1
2
4
27
91
41
1,625
2,770
1,553
6
1
41
77
132
418
355
330
5,355
19,584
770
19
4
33
356
55
9
41
72
1
4
2
24
102
48
1,332
4,448
2,347
19
0
254
17
153
511
596
753
10,616
24,964
957
12
6
42
507
43
6
36
67
3
12
15
20
137
60
1,266
5,852
1,972
29
1
101
123
170
383
894
33
14,844
25,566
988
11
6
48
589
30
4
31
45
1
7
14
34
124
45
1,225
6,665
1,238
15
3
80
213
194
121
438
25
15,214
23,290
695
8
5
47
372
8
5
25
25
2
4
4
36
113
41
796
6,563
1,346
14
31
101
224
195
67
216
499
13,890
25,936
918
11
11
79
462
6
4
36
44
2
4
6
41
153
57
1,094
7,573
1,806
37
38
335
113
313
93
332
546
14,545
Appendix table 6-42

Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
2000
1
0
1
0
0
0
155
0
0
0
155
0
0
0
0
0
0
517
0
4
1
0
0
503
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
180
2
78
0
1
99
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2001
1
0
0
2
0
0
139
0
0
0
139
0
0
0
0
0
0
573
0
4
0
0
0
561
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
148
2
67
0
1
76
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2002
1
0
1
0
0
0
113
0
0
0
112
1
0
0
0
0
0
441
1
1
0
0
0
432
0
0
6
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
128
8
80
0
1
37
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2003
2
0
1
0
0
0
70
0
0
0
69
0
0
0
0
1
0
639
0
2
0
0
0
627
1
0
8
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
143
6
90
1
1
44
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2004
2
0
2
0
0
0
133
0
0
0
133
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,150
0
1
1
0
0
2,141
1
2
6
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
166
1
89
2
1
71
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2005
5
0
3
0
0
1
119
0
0
4
118
0
0
0
0
0
0
4,965
0
1
0
0
0
4,957
0
0
6
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
264
14
128
1
1
120
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2006
4
0
2
0
0
1
180
0
1
0
179
0
0
0
0
0
1
10,173
0
1
0
0
0
10,164
0
0
7
3
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
1
249
16
102
2
3
124
1
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
4
0
2007
7
0
5
1
0
1
156
0
0
0
155
0
0
0
0
0
0
14,163
3
4
0
1
0
14,147
0
0
9
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
322
7
211
2
2
99
0
194
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
97
0
2008
7
0
5
1
0
2
130
0
0
0
130
1
0
0
0
0
0
14,641
3
4
0
0
0
14,623
0
0
10
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
286
6
166
2
2
110
0
148
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
74
0
2009
5
0
3
1
0
2
176
0
0
0
0
176
0
0
0
0
0
13,394
2
4
0
1
0
13,379
0
0
7
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
238
7
167
2
1
61
0
75
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
74
0
2010
5
0
3
1
0
1
180
0
0
0
0
179
0
0
0
0
0
13,988
3
1
0
0
0
13,972
0
0
11
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
245
7
139
2
2
95
0
126
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
126
0
Appendix table 6-42

Balance
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
-2,008
1,064
-5
1
61
308
-3
29
118
98
2
-1
9
14
411
20
-1,484
-1,357
-163
5
-144
-265
30
-59
45
-10,923
4
-68
9
0
-1
9
0
0
-89
93
4
0
-155
51
2
1
0
2
6
-183
5
97
2
3
1
-335
1
5
36
16
-2,516
820
3
0
36
377
-17
22
116
48
3
1
21
31
146
37
-1,171
-1,482
-400
36
-137
-252
-23
-31
-2
146
-136
-283
4
0
0
1
0
0
-65
0
2
0
-139
65
0
1
0
4
2
-386
4
17
3
5
3
-430
1
4
6
11
-3,017
282
-8
-1
11
176
-46
7
31
40
4
-2
19
-15
55
11
-1,044
-1,751
-432
-2
-114
-267
-39
-2
-120
215
-109
-65
8
0
2
6
0
1
-79
0
1
0
-112
26
1
2
0
3
2
-223
1
22
8
5
2
-274
4
2
8
11
-2,789
64
-15
-1
24
120
-58
44
41
-109
3
-2
15
-21
25
-1
-1,008
-1,069
-640
11
-61
-185
-55
10
-190
-78
-93
-135
9
0
4
4
0
1
-19
0
4
0
-69
37
0
2
0
3
4
-273
2
16
12
4
2
-316
1
1
4
13
-4,277
283
12
-3
63
201
-51
35
15
-28
6
4
11
-26
45
3
-1,082
-1,398
-381
6
0
-94
-51
60
-312
221
-140
-1,692
12
0
8
4
0
0
-72
0
1
0
-132
45
0
1
0
9
3
-1,821
4
18
7
6
2
-1,867
1
1
5
16
-7,566
638
15
2
64
208
-53
108
46
162
5
5
22
-14
53
15
-780
-2,452
-607
18
0
14
-66
-1
-197
113
-294
-4,340
16
0
4
12
0
1
-38
0
3
-4
-114
49
0
5
0
12
6
-4,492
21
44
17
12
4
-4,637
5
9
32
24
-14,551
775
41
2
84
178
-50
43
32
305
7
7
51
-2
62
13
-555
-4,084
-1,095
9
1
-155
-7
34
-111
-105
-718
-9,519
19
1
9
8
1
1
-90
1
3
0
-177
55
0
7
0
13
8
-9,675
10
61
20
17
5
-9,839
11
11
29
15
-19,586
697
54
13
45
208
-39
18
35
290
8
-6
57
3
6
-3
-492
-5,406
-690
20
0
-42
-112
16
-58
-286
8
-13,618
27
0
6
19
1
1
-24
0
9
0
-150
88
0
7
0
11
9
-13,560
9
80
16
21
4
-13,775
10
26
49
18
-20,566
758
72
2
68
143
-25
23
72
210
8
10
145
-6
30
4
-649
-6,296
-394
13
-1
3
-205
12
153
-226
5
-13,746
28
2
3
17
3
3
3
0
1
0
-124
75
1
18
3
18
10
-13,867
7
76
17
34
6
-14,115
13
26
69
34
-18,806
737
71
3
68
389
-4
2
95
92
5
11
22
-10
-3
-5
-489
-6,272
-590
30
-30
-66
-219
-86
117
139
-477
-12,192
22
0
4
11
4
2
-40
0
1
0
8
-116
5
25
1
27
8
-12,403
11
49
14
31
7
-12,591
28
13
37
25
-19,758
1,033
71
28
78
546
-1
6
120
178
10
4
52
-24
-37
2
-642
-7,012
-407
24
-35
-284
-96
-50
238
313
-518
-12,730
32
1
21
9
1
1
-15
0
6
0
15
-121
4
20
0
41
20
-13,180
9
94
21
17
13
-13,425
35
11
44
24
Appendix table 6-42

Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
2000
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
0
1
178
36
213
2
4
-78
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2001
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
6
0
152
23
181
2
4
-58
-1
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
2002
0
0
0
0
1
8
0
0
1
214
20
208
3
3
-20
-1
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2
2003
0
0
0
3
0
7
0
1
2
135
20
134
2
2
-23
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
2004
0
0
0
3
0
11
0
0
1
165
41
164
1
3
-43
-1
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
1
2005
0
0
0
1
5
10
0
0
8
140
25
187
6
16
-95
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
6
2006
0
0
0
1
3
10
0
0
1
208
31
238
5
22
-87
0
4
1
0
0
0
0
0
NA
2
0
-3
6
2007
2
0
0
1
1
9
1
0
3
94
37
101
2
13
-59
0
-172
3
1
0
1
0
0
NA
7
1
-95
6
2008
4
0
0
1
9
11
2
1
8
183
56
193
3
7
-76
0
-127
3
0
0
0
0
0
NA
9
1
-72
3

EU = European Union
NOTES: Technologies classified by U.S. Census. China includes Hong Kong. Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies.
2009
1
0
0
1
7
9
1
1
5
245
44
230
4
3
-36
0
-40
11
0
0
0
0
0
NA
10
0
-68
8
2010
1
0
0
2
5
7
2
0
7
481
32
505
4
8
-68
0
-73
28
0
0
0
0
0
NA
4
0
-109
3
Appendix table 6-43

U.S. trade in advanced materials, by region/country/economy: 200010
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Exports
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,575
749
9
1
173
122
0
46
19
79
2
0
17
9
259
13
372
122
266
2
3
21
4
105
56
74
1
1,065
3
0
2
0
0
1
63
0
4
0
0
56
0
1
0
1
1
342
29
107
5
5
1
108
3
71
12
3
2,191
573
9
1
68
131
0
46
16
60
1
2
10
19
193
18
296
462
206
11
1
15
4
47
49
74
5
655
3
0
0
0
0
2
64
1
4
0
0
53
0
3
0
1
1
181
29
47
2
5
1
81
1
7
8
1
1,088
255
2
1
20
96
0
26
16
16
1
1
15
6
40
16
239
84
201
7
1
13
6
53
39
77
4
310
5
0
4
1
0
0
55
0
8
0
0
38
2
2
1
3
1
116
0
4
1
2
4
99
0
2
4
1
1,036
277
8
2
14
92
0
31
26
34
1
0
11
3
42
14
198
116
218
8
6
12
1
65
55
69
2
228
9
0
6
3
0
0
38
1
0
0
0
32
3
1
0
0
0
83
0
2
1
4
1
67
1
1
5
2
1,134
335
18
3
24
97
0
43
31
26
2
0
3
7
46
34
159
99
246
7
4
20
1
63
69
80
3
297
19
3
11
4
0
0
31
0
1
0
0
23
2
2
0
2
1
132
1
4
0
3
1
116
1
2
4
4
1,152
324
17
4
23
92
0
46
20
21
4
0
4
6
40
48
138
85
189
4
2
12
0
50
65
51
4
419
16
0
9
7
0
0
31
0
1
0
1
22
0
2
0
4
1
251
2
4
1
3
2
221
1
2
14
4
1,401
356
9
2
31
87
1
41
30
15
6
0
23
8
49
54
157
161
237
3
3
18
1
47
78
70
17
491
22
0
14
7
0
1
36
0
1
0
1
25
0
7
0
2
1
257
1
7
3
11
4
197
1
6
27
1
1,666
435
14
2
52
82
2
46
41
23
21
0
31
7
51
64
196
267
325
7
4
19
1
70
136
72
17
447
34
0
23
7
3
1
44
0
0
0
1
29
0
7
0
4
3
176
2
7
2
18
4
120
5
5
12
6
1,893
473
8
3
64
79
3
55
52
34
36
1
24
6
52
55
151
328
358
9
7
24
24
68
121
88
17
592
45
0
27
14
2
2
50
2
0
0
0
36
0
4
0
5
2
270
2
13
4
28
8
186
4
6
18
44
1,707
370
2
2
48
66
2
33
50
50
25
0
18
7
36
28
163
282
246
8
5
17
1
47
92
63
13
646
22
0
10
8
1
3
88
3
0
0
0
51
0
7
0
19
8
311
2
9
6
9
8
246
1
4
26
48
2,162
539
4
7
64
86
1
12
65
59
26
43
25
5
84
59
169
262
347
5
5
41
1
85
96
102
12
844
46
0
23
16
2
5
190
1
1
0
1
49
0
10
0
72
57
357
2
20
4
9
9
278
3
4
28
14
Appendix table 6-43

Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
Imports
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
2000
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
650
30
612
1
1
5
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
2001
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
383
31
347
1
1
4
0
23
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
2002
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
132
10
117
0
2
3
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2003
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
93
6
82
1
3
2
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
2004
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
105
11
89
0
1
3
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2005
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
110
9
95
1
3
3
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
1
2006
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
170
58
105
1
2
5
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
1
0
2
1
2007
0
0
0
1
3
1
0
0
0
174
62
103
1
4
5
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
2
0
5
2
2008
0
0
0
0
0
39
0
0
4
161
19
129
1
4
8
0
23
1
0
0
0
0
0
NA
2
0
8
5
2009
0
0
0
1
1
38
0
0
8
168
17
140
2
2
7
0
9
1
0
0
0
0
0
NA
1
0
6
0
2010
1
0
0
0
3
6
0
0
4
225
21
187
1
8
8
0
12
1
0
0
0
0
0
NA
1
0
8
1
2,707
638
3
6
66
289
0
2
6
27
1
0
0
1
106
131
862
80
371
21
11
75
2
26
132
63
26
756
2,436
668
3
4
71
280
0
2
16
45
1
0
4
3
104
135
776
75
503
26
3
43
6
32
306
79
8
414
1,468
394
1
7
61
193
0
0
17
12
1
0
0
2
42
57
656
41
244
3
1
33
4
31
118
53
1
133
1,511
369
2
8
68
184
0
1
13
13
0
1
1
1
31
48
714
76
229
3
2
27
1
35
108
51
1
127
1,794
392
2
8
83
175
0
2
24
15
1
0
1
1
33
47
841
98
270
2
1
35
1
48
119
58
2
193
1,803
429
1
11
102
182
2
27
19
15
1
2
1
1
24
45
846
85
228
4
1
205
0
23
117
47
2
215
2,176
530
1
15
154
219
1
1
31
11
1
3
1
1
34
58
960
119
273
4
1
36
5
28
143
49
5
295
2,379
538
1
19
142
200
1
3
24
23
1
1
2
1
51
71
1,157
124
307
2
2
41
1
35
156
57
30
253
2,255
419
2
21
92
172
0
2
25
12
2
5
1
2
32
54
1,099
151
246
5
7
44
0
33
102
50
42
342
1,506
310
2
14
79
112
0
0
14
11
2
0
0
1
27
47
650
111
161
4
3
18
2
25
51
51
7
273
1,997
411
3
17
114
145
1
0
24
13
5
0
0
2
30
57
837
167
297
2
7
39
0
49
120
70
10
285
Appendix table 6-43

Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
2000
11
0
4
6
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
6
0
5
0
0
1
145
0
21
0
0
2
119
0
0
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
584
36
534
2
2
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2001
17
0
4
91
0
2
11
0
0
0
0
5
82
4
0
0
2
115
0
16
0
0
2
96
0
0
1
6
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
265
23
229
1
1
8
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2002
5
0
3
1
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
65
0
3
0
0
1
61
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
57
5
44
0
0
6
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2003
5
0
4
0
0
1
8
0
0
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
64
0
1
0
0
1
63
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46
5
34
0
1
5
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
2004
8
0
7
0
0
1
13
0
0
0
0
11
0
2
0
0
0
125
0
0
0
0
2
123
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
46
1
38
0
1
5
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2005
4
0
3
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
187
0
0
0
1
4
183
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21
1
17
0
2
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
2006
6
0
3
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
2
0
0
0
252
0
0
0
0
5
245
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
35
0
21
0
10
4
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
0
2007
8
0
5
0
1
3
9
0
0
0
0
9
93
0
0
0
0
192
0
0
0
0
4
184
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
44
2
18
0
20
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
0
2008
5
0
2
0
1
2
8
0
0
0
0
8
90
0
0
0
0
265
0
1
0
1
6
256
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
63
2
14
0
42
5
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
0
2009
5
0
2
0
0
2
24
0
0
0
0
24
0
0
0
0
0
214
0
0
0
0
7
206
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30
1
15
0
11
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
0
0
2010
5
0
2
0
0
2
4
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
246
0
0
0
0
18
227
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
29
1
18
0
8
3
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
0
0
1
0
Appendix table 6-43

2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
Balance
World
EU
Belgium
Czech Republic
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Kazakhstan
Russia
Turkey
Ukraine
All others
Algeria
Egypt
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Morocco
Saudi Arabia
Tunisia
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
Peru
Venezuela
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
-133
111
6
-4
107
-167
0
44
13
51
1
0
16
8
153
-118
-490
42
-104
-20
-8
-54
2
79
-76
11
-25
309
-8
0
-3
-6
0
0
51
0
4
0
0
50
0
-4
0
1
0
197
29
85
5
5
-1
-10
3
71
9
-2
-245
-96
7
-3
-3
-149
0
44
0
15
0
2
5
16
88
-117
-480
386
-297
-14
-3
-29
-1
15
-257
-5
-3
242
-14
0
-4
-90
0
0
53
1
4
0
0
48
-82
-1
0
1
-1
66
29
31
2
5
-1
-15
1
7
7
-5
-380
-138
2
-6
-41
-97
0
25
-1
5
0
1
15
4
-2
-41
-417
43
-44
5
0
-20
2
22
-79
24
3
177
0
0
0
0
0
0
48
0
8
0
0
31
2
2
1
3
1
51
0
0
1
2
3
39
0
2
4
1
-475
-91
6
-5
-54
-92
0
30
13
21
0
-1
10
3
12
-34
-516
41
-11
5
4
-16
0
31
-53
18
1
102
3
0
2
2
0
0
29
1
0
0
0
24
3
1
0
0
0
19
0
2
1
4
1
4
1
1
5
2
-660
-57
16
-5
-59
-78
0
41
7
11
1
0
2
6
13
-13
-682
1
-24
4
3
-14
0
15
-50
22
1
104
11
3
4
4
0
-1
18
0
1
0
0
12
2
0
0
2
1
6
1
3
0
3
-1
-8
1
2
4
4
-651
-105
16
-7
-79
-90
-2
19
1
6
3
-2
3
5
15
4
-709
-1
-39
0
1
-192
0
28
-51
4
2
203
13
0
6
7
0
0
29
0
1
0
1
21
0
2
0
4
1
64
2
4
1
3
-2
38
1
2
14
4
-774
-174
8
-13
-124
-133
0
40
-1
4
4
-3
23
7
15
-4
-803
42
-36
-1
2
-18
-4
19
-65
21
12
197
16
0
11
6
0
0
35
0
1
0
1
23
0
5
0
2
1
5
1
7
3
11
-1
-49
1
6
27
1
-713
-104
13
-17
-90
-118
1
43
17
0
19
-1
29
6
-1
-6
-961
143
18
5
2
-22
0
35
-21
15
-13
194
26
0
18
7
2
-2
35
0
0
0
1
20
-93
6
0
4
3
-16
2
6
2
18
-1
-63
5
5
8
6
-362
54
6
-18
-28
-93
3
54
26
22
34
-4
23
4
20
1
-948
177
112
4
0
-21
24
36
19
38
-25
251
40
0
25
13
1
0
41
2
0
0
0
28
-90
4
0
5
2
5
2
12
4
27
3
-69
4
6
15
43
201
60
0
-12
-31
-46
2
33
36
39
23
0
18
6
9
-19
-487
171
85
4
2
-1
-1
22
41
12
6
373
17
0
8
8
1
1
64
3
0
0
0
27
0
7
0
19
8
97
2
9
6
9
1
40
1
4
26
48
165
128
1
-10
-50
-59
0
12
41
46
21
43
25
3
54
2
-668
95
50
3
-2
2
1
36
-24
32
2
559
41
0
21
16
2
3
186
1
1
0
1
45
0
10
0
72
57
111
2
20
4
9
-9
51
3
4
28
14
Appendix table 6-43

Angola
Congo (Kinshasa)
Ethiopia
Kenya
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
All others
Other developing
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
Laos
Nepal
North Korea
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Vietnam
All others
2000
0
0
0
0
0
-3
0
0
1
66
-6
79
-1
0
-5
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
2001
0
0
0
0
0
-6
0
0
0
119
8
118
-1
0
-5
-2
23
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
23
2002
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
75
5
73
0
1
-2
-1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
2003
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
47
1
49
0
1
-3
-1
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-2
2
0
2004
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
3
60
10
51
0
0
-1
-1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
2
0
2005
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
89
8
78
1
1
1
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
-1
2
1
2006
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
135
58
84
1
-8
1
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
1
0
2
1
2007
0
0
0
1
3
1
0
0
0
131
60
85
1
-16
1
0
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
NA
2
0
5
2
2008
0
0
0
0
0
39
0
0
3
98
17
115
1
-38
3
0
22
1
0
0
0
0
0
NA
2
0
8
5

EU = European Union
2009
0
0
0
1
1
38
0
0
8
138
16
125
2
-9
4
0
9
1
0
0
0
0
0
NA
1
0
6
0
2010
1
0
0
0
3
6
0
0
4
196
20
169
1
0
5
0
11
1
0
0
0
0
0
NA
1
0
7
1
Appendix table 6-44

Companies in the United States reporting innovation activities, by industry: 200608
(Percent)
New or significantly improved process
New or significantly
improved product
Industry and NAICS code

All industries, 2133, 4281
Manufacturing industries, 3133
Food, 311
Beverage/tobacco products, 312
Textile/apparel/leather and allied products, 31316
Wood products, 321
Chemicals, 325
Pharmaceuticals/medicines, 3254
Other 325
Plastics/rubber products, 326
Nonmetallic mineral products, 327
Primary metals, 331
Fabricated metal products, 332
Machinery, 333
Computer/electronic products, 334
Computers/peripheral equipment, 3341
Communications equipment, 3342
Semiconductor/other electronic components, 3344
Navigational/measuring/electromedical/control
instruments, 3345
Other 334
Electrical equipment/appliance/components, 335
Transportation equipment, 336
Motor vehicles/trailers/parts, 336163
Aerospace products/parts, 3364
Other 336
Furniture/related products, 337
Manufacturing nec, other 3133
Nonmanufacturing industries, 2123, 4281
Information, 51
Software publishers, 5112
Telecommunications/Internet service
providers/Web search portals/data processing
services, 51718
Other 51
Finance/insurance, 52
Real estate/rental/leasing, 53
Professional/scientific/technical services, 54
Computer systems design/related services, 5415
Scientific R&D services, 5417
Other 54
Health care services, 62123
Nonmanufacturing nec, other 2123, 4281
Any good/
Companies
service
(thousands)a Yes No
1,545.1
9 86
Services
Goods
Yes No Yes
No
5 91
7
88
Any
process
Yes No
9 86
Manufacturing/
production
methods
Yes
No
4
91
Logistics/delivery/
distribution
methods
Yes
No
3
92
Support
activities
Yes No
7 88
127.1
9.1
1.2
6.1
6.1
5.9
1.5
4.4
6.1
5.4
2.1
26.1
12.0
7.0
0.6
0.8
2.5
22
17
17
19
9
41
45
40
24
13
17
16
26
45
56
51
27
74
75
77
77
88
52
51
52
72
84
79
80
70
46
39
41
65
18
16
13
15
6
33
24
36
21
11
13
11
23
43
47
51
25
77
77
81
81
91
60
72
56
75
85
83
84
72
48
49
42
67
10
5
6
9
5
18
27
15
11
5
11
9
11
18
26
21
10
85
87
87
87
92
75
69
77
85
91
84
87
83
73
68
72
81
22
17
15
18
16
34
42
31
28
14
19
22
24
33
46
33
25
72
75
75
78
81
59
53
60
68
83
76
73
71
58
49
58
65
18
13
9
13
13
22
18
23
24
11
17
19
21
26
31
25
19
77
80
81
83
84
71
77
69
72
85
78
77
74
64
63
67
72
7
6
6
7
3
17
27
14
8
4
4
5
5
11
19
7
7
88
86
84
89
95
75
69
78
87
92
91
90
90
79
75
85
84
13
7
8
12
6
20
32
16
15
8
11
12
15
18
21
17
14
82
85
81
84
91
72
63
75
81
88
84
84
81
73
73
75
77
2.6
0.5
2.8
5.4
3.3
0.9
1.3
7.8
24.1
59
37
37
28
24
32
35
14
22
30
59
60
65
67
60
63
81
75
58
35
36
25
22
29
31
13
17
31
61
60
67
69
63
67
82
80
24
13
11
11
8
19
12
6
12
64
83
85
82
83
74
85
88
85
40
14
28
23
22
25
25
19
23
48
82
67
70
69
67
73
75
73
36
10
24
18
19
16
15
12
17
53
86
72
75
71
76
83
83
79
16
3
12
5
3
7
8
5
7
72
93
84
88
87
86
90
90
89
22
10
21
15
14
20
16
12
14
66
86
75
77
77
72
81
83
82
1,417.9
23.1
4.0
8
30
77
87
65
18
3 92
16 78
58 37
7
25
56
89
71
38
8 87
20 74
53 40
2
7
19
93
88
74
3
10
22
92
84
71
6
16
43
89
78
49
6.3
12.9
55.9
49.0
173.6
19.4
3.1
151.1
183.5
932.8
37
12
8
7
13
35
33
10
10
6
58
83
83
90
84
60
59
87
86
89
15
4
1
6
6
20
24
4
3
3
34
11
8
5
12
30
22
9
9
5
61
85
83
92
85
65
71
88
86
90
22
10
8
6
12
25
26
10
8
7
7
4
1
2
4
8
15
4
3
2
88
92
90
95
92
86
77
93
92
93
11
7
2
2
5
7
6
4
3
2
84
88
88
95
92
86
86
93
92
93
20
6
7
6
10
23
14
8
7
5
75
89
84
91
87
71
78
89
89
90
80
91
90
91
91
75
69
94
93
92
73
86
84
90
85
68
67
87
87
88

aWeighted totals
for companies that reported on the 2008 Business R&D and Innovation Survey whether they did or did not perform/fund R&D. Weighted totals do not include the
estimated 327,300 nonresponding companies for whom an R&D status was not reported.
NOTES: Survey asked companies to identify innovations introduced in 2006 to 2008. Sum of yes plus no percentages may not add to 100% due to item nonresponse to some
innovation question items. Figures are preliminary and may later be revised. Data may not be internationally comparable.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics and Census Bureau, Business R&D and Innovation Survey (2008).
Appendix table 6-45

USPTO patent grants, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
101,417
55,600
16,266
2,819
6,608
1,092
808
803
2,501
1,636
21,795
168
2,907
40
1,166
1,624
77
4,681
137
0
137
413
392
21
204
31
63
45
64
129
124
5
3,798
452
2,098
1,049
199
1996
109,642
60,935
16,900
2,799
6,850
1,198
803
855
2,479
1,916
23,089
147
3,552
39
1,494
1,905
114
5,019
175
0
175
504
482
22
195
28
65
46
56
114
110
4
4,031
468
2,228
1,117
218
1997
111,982
61,488
17,706
2,968
7,015
1,258
825
863
2,704
2,073
23,207
154
4,153
52
1,903
2,065
133
5,274
163
0
163
562
539
23
217
36
62
50
68
103
99
4
4,229
480
2,382
1,104
263
1998
147,509
79,990
22,964
3,689
9,103
1,601
1,250
1,232
3,490
2,598
30,876
254
6,645
90
3,267
3,110
178
6,780
271
0
271
781
754
27
268
42
73
65
87
119
115
5
5,341
722
2,972
1,278
369
1999
153,481
83,580
23,762
3,825
9,363
1,503
1,265
1,405
3,600
2,800
31,139
266
7,628
118
3,568
3,718
224
7,106
265
0
265
793
755
38
333
48
98
80
107
119
110
9
5,596
708
3,215
1,283
390
2000
157,489
84,721
25,215
3,838
10,255
1,702
1,267
1,583
3,685
2,886
31,338
326
8,478
141
3,331
4,704
302
7,411
251
0
251
854
789
65
315
55
102
79
79
116
111
5
5,875
709
3,399
1,342
425
2001
166,033
87,339
27,292
4,062
11,264
1,727
1,328
1,744
3,976
3,193
33,257
460
9,518
187
3,547
5,397
387
8,166
318
253
65
1,029
983
46
343
50
113
90
90
128
119
9
6,348
882
3,590
1,423
454
2002
167,327
86,645
27,202
4,035
11,301
1,759
1,391
1,667
3,847
3,203
34,889
561
10,048
265
3,793
5,444
546
7,983
288
220
68
1,094
1,046
48
348
54
99
108
87
123
112
11
6,130
861
3,445
1,364
460
2003
169,020
87,599
26,922
3,874
11,456
1,722
1,329
1,511
3,641
3,389
35,545
613
10,156
354
3,952
5,299
551
8,187
297
224
74
1,240
1,188
52
368
61
132
91
84
128
111
16
6,154
908
3,447
1,333
466
2004
164,290
83,929
25,043
3,402
10,781
1,603
1,286
1,286
3,471
3,213
35,403
740
11,344
369
4,428
5,950
597
7,830
242
188
54
1,094
1,052
41
313
47
106
91
69
117
102
15
6,064
957
3,395
1,267
445
2005
143,805
74,264
21,280
2,903
9,038
1,315
1,004
1,131
3,153
2,736
30,361
744
10,369
401
4,364
5,114
490
6,789
222
167
54
986
934
52
239
27
75
82
55
105
90
15
5,237
929
2,917
991
401
2006
173,771
89,352
24,571
3,461
10,053
1,496
1,339
1,249
3,621
3,352
36,852
1,057
13,371
511
5,899
6,350
611
8,569
275
199
76
1,279
1,217
62
309
42
130
72
65
120
109
11
6,586
1,333
3,601
1,211
440
2007
157,282
79,138
22,134
3,151
9,080
1,318
1,274
1,067
3,303
2,942
33,401
1,192
13,574
566
6,299
6,104
605
7,843
283
201
82
1,169
1,112
57
260
41
92
59
68
88
79
9
6,043
1,270
3,342
1,032
399
2008
157,772
77,152
22,012
3,184
8,952
1,369
1,324
1,064
3,117
3,001
33,720
1,607
15,154
651
7,540
6,345
618
8,128
283
200
83
1,253
1,183
70
272
35
101
64
72
103
90
13
6,217
1,295
3,375
1,126
421
2009
167,350
81,912
22,355
3,162
9,017
1,377
1,317
1,009
3,230
3,243
35,524
2,041
16,792
709
8,769
6,663
651
8,727
282
217
65
1,483
1,411
71
304
47
111
64
82
107
90
16
6,551
1,242
3,668
1,192
449
2010
219,642
107,154
30,703
4,478
12,380
1,840
1,659
1,433
4,383
4,530
44,905
3,213
21,945
1,143
11,655
8,233
914
11,722
385
308
77
1,949
1,839
110
420
47
181
101
91
136
121
14
8,832
1,770
4,854
1,583
625
EU = European Union; USPTO = U.S. Patent and Trademark Office

NOTES: Technologies classified by The Patent BoardTM. Patents fractionally allocated among regions/countries/economies based on proportion of residences of all named inventors. United States includes Puerto Rico. EU includes 27
member countries. China includes Hong Kong and Macau. Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies. See appendix table 6-62 for full list of countries by region.
SOURCE: The Patent BoardTM, Proprietary Patent Database, special tabulations (2011).
Appendix table 6-46

U.S. patent applications and grants, by industry: 2009
(Number)
All industries
Food
Textile, apparel and leather
Wood products
Paper
Chemicals
Basic chemicals
Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemicals
Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparations
Primary metals
Machinery
Agricultural implements
Semiconductor machinery
Other machinery
Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments
Electromedical, electrotherapeutic, and irradiation apparatus
Search, detection, navigation, guidance, aeronautical, and nautical systems and instruments
Other measuring and controlling devices
Computer and peripheral equipment and other computer and electronic products
Military armored vehicle, tank, and tank components
Utilities
Construction
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Other retail trade
Information
NAICS code
Patent
applications
Patents
issued
2123, 31-33, 4281

3133
311
312
313-316
321
322
323
324
325
3251
3252
3253
3254
3256
3255, 3259
326
327
331
332
333
33311
333295
3336
other 333
334
3342
3344
3345
334510, 334517
334511
other 3345
3341, 3343, 3346
335
336
3361, 3362, 3363
3364
336411336413
336414, 336415, 336419
336992
other 336
337
339
3391
3399
116,972
85,423
2,698
155
302
125
1,079
44
353
12,305
1,901
598
768
6,194
1,176
1,667
2,925
895
349
1,678
6,881
479
924
445
5,033
35,012
4,338
9,372
16,741
1,171
D
D
4,561
3,523
9,362
3,620
5,565
4,788
777
17
159
503
7,235
4,647
2,587
60,583
43,391
917
91
221
78
707
40
146
6,485
922
489
513
2,921
802
838
1,508
371
208
916
3,911
348
689
313
2,560
16,850
2,855
7,117
3,146
728
D
D
3,733
1,962
4,856
2,030
2,733
2,375
358
11
81
394
3,729
2,620
1,109
2123, 4281
21
22
23
42
4445
4541
other 4445
4849
51
31,549
2,285
158
42
670
382
344
38
73
13,041
17,192
1,084
36
14
329
113
102
11
42
10,263
Appendix table 6-46

U.S. patent applications and grants, by industry: 2009
(Number)
Publishing
Newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishers
Software publishers
Telecommunications
Internet service providers, web search portals, and data processing services
Other information
Biotechnology research and development
Physical, engineering, and life sciences (except biotechnology) research and development
Social sciences and humanities research and development
NAICS code
Patent
applications
Patents
issued
511
5111
5112
517
518
other 51
52
53
54
5413
5415
5417
541711
541712
541720
other 54
621623
5556, 61, 624, 7172, 81
9,888
37
9,851
1,265
567
1,321
801
148
13,611
1,247
3,121
7,814
3,800
3,958
56
1,430
187
151
9,094
27
9,066
434
327
408
318
92
4,714
393
1,121
2,594
1,304
1,257
33
606
53
134
D = data withheld to avoid disclosing operations of individual companies

NAICS = 2002 North American Industry Classification System
NOTES: Data are representative of companies where (worldwide R&D expense + worldwide R&D costs funded by others) > 0. Detail may not add to total because of rounding.
Industry classification based on dominant business code for domestic R&D performance where available. For companies that did not report business codes, classification used
for sampling was assigned.
SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics and Census Bureau, Business R&D and Innovation Survey (2009, preliminary).
Appendix table 6-47

USPTO patents granted in information and communications technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
16,228
8,104
1,463
310
395
88
135
92
297
145
5,570
16
758
7
434
301
16
318
11
0
11
73
72
1
5
1
2
2
1
2
2
0
227
17
140
49
21
1996
18,562
9,593
1,663
362
403
124
141
143
328
162
5,841
18
1,025
7
566
422
30
421
10
0
10
104
102
3
9
0
3
2
5
2
2
0
296
22
228
39
7
1997
19,176
10,118
1,582
352
373
135
123
140
294
165
5,690
22
1,306
6
718
531
51
460
18
0
18
116
114
2
8
2
1
1
4
2
1
1
316
24
220
60
11
1998
29,242
15,982
2,369
443
582
211
183
205
468
278
7,849
30
2,293
5
1,336
891
61
719
35
0
35
186
185
1
5
1
2
0
2
4
4
0
489
36
355
62
36
1999
32,347
17,761
2,676
473
644
171
189
284
566
349
8,215
27
2,815
10
1,499
1,219
87
853
48
0
48
201
199
2
6
0
2
2
2
1
1
0
597
42
455
74
26
2000
34,554
19,245
2,924
488
789
202
166
363
551
365
8,080
43
3,330
13
1,500
1,687
130
931
30
0
30
228
221
7
11
1
1
8
1
6
6
0
656
53
515
62
26
2001
37,681
20,751
3,293
536
885
240
189
368
630
446
8,673
62
3,864
29
1,582
2,040
213
1,038
51
47
4
270
263
6
11
0
2
6
3
5
3
2
701
58
537
70
36
2002
38,949
21,238
3,508
546
995
248
213
378
637
493
9,308
73
3,725
34
1,598
1,802
291
1,097
34
32
2
296
291
5
12
0
4
5
3
11
8
3
744
72
542
91
40
2003
40,441
22,224
3,812
597
1,129
231
208
346
668
633
9,430
90
3,591
76
1,561
1,670
284
1,293
55
50
4
377
371
7
8
0
2
4
2
7
6
1
846
100
605
89
52
2004
42,928
23,562
4,096
648
1,290
192
219
272
741
733
9,628
138
4,069
84
1,761
1,906
318
1,438
40
36
4
399
392
7
20
2
5
9
4
11
9
2
968
113
684
119
52
2005
39,334
21,834
3,859
572
1,260
189
176
274
751
639
8,353
174
3,766
126
1,768
1,636
236
1,347
40
34
6
375
368
7
22
0
3
13
5
9
8
1
901
118
627
109
47
2006
53,401
29,771
5,449
865
1,756
254
283
324
1,001
965
10,874
277
4,973
198
2,470
2,018
287
2,055
64
54
10
532
522
11
23
3
10
6
5
12
12
0
1,424
242
962
153
67
2007
48,741
26,454
4,924
752
1,656
222
263
238
921
872
9,829
312
5,279
252
2,699
2,028
300
1,942
57
45
13
469
463
6
22
4
9
6
4
6
4
2
1,388
258
923
141
66
2008
51,842
27,586
5,348
831
1,770
270
265
256
985
971
9,964
483
6,240
323
3,402
2,223
292
2,221
76
64
12
540
524
15
26
1
14
2
9
15
15
1
1,564
250
1,090
147
78
2009
56,788
30,392
5,537
845
1,817
254
267
257
1,047
1,050
10,679
672
6,995
373
4,070
2,223
329
2,511
81
71
10
641
625
16
32
5
16
2
9
11
10
2
1,746
249
1,232
195
70
2010
75,945
40,232
7,818
1,215
2,751
307
365
446
1,326
1,409
13,829
1,065
9,437
682
5,514
2,751
490
3,565
125
110
14
869
840
30
54
4
29
9
13
17
16
1
2,500
381
1,755
266
97

NOTES: Technologies classified by The Patent BoardTM. Patents fractionally allocated among regions/countries/economies based on proportion of residences of all named inventors. Information and communictions technology includes
computer systems, information processes, networking, semiconductors, and telecommunications. United States includes Puerto Rico. EU includes 27 member countries. China includes Hong Kong and Macau. Detail may not add to total
because of rounding or minor discrepancies. See appendix table 6-62 for full list of countries by region.
Appendix table 6-48

USPTO patents granted in networking technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
674
381
102
29
28
0
13
6
22
5
155
0
8
0
3
4
1
28
0
0
0
8
8
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
19
2
9
8
0
1996
739
428
103
31
22
1
8
9
22
12
166
0
11
0
8
2
1
31
1
0
1
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
1
14
5
0
1997
756
467
80
33
11
4
7
10
8
8
165
0
12
0
10
2
0
32
1
0
1
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
21
3
15
3
0
1998
1,253
791
123
23
34
4
8
17
28
9
243
1
36
1
28
7
0
60
0
0
0
22
22
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
36
1
30
2
3
1999
1,438
972
125
31
20
0
5
10
35
24
217
2
47
0
31
13
3
76
2
0
2
20
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
54
2
42
7
2
2000
1,785
1,210
185
45
29
4
8
33
42
24
228
2
61
0
45
14
2
96
0
0
0
25
23
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
71
4
61
6
1
2001
1,931
1,326
189
43
28
4
7
26
48
34
221
1
61
4
41
15
1
133
2
1
1
34
34
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
97
8
85
4
1
2002
2,320
1,564
260
44
45
5
7
50
58
51
237
0
94
6
56
26
6
165
2
2
0
51
50
0
2
0
2
1
0
0
0
0
110
5
97
4
4
2003
2,626
1,741
316
53
68
8
5
34
61
87
281
5
87
10
59
15
3
194
0
0
0
57
55
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
137
9
114
6
8
2004
3,379
2,252
439
68
78
12
10
56
93
123
341
6
121
11
67
35
8
220
2
2
0
55
54
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
162
10
137
11
5
2005
3,321
2,158
445
67
91
7
24
56
90
110
330
14
161
19
97
36
9
212
3
1
2
68
66
2
3
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
138
14
110
9
5
2006
5,239
3,669
537
78
121
11
22
52
126
127
509
29
210
28
100
74
8
283
2
2
0
81
79
2
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
198
17
159
11
12
2007
4,859
3,254
552
86
127
14
17
34
126
147
476
20
248
38
108
90
12
310
4
2
2
72
71
1
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
231
34
167
21
10
2008
5,806
3,796
692
130
142
26
30
35
154
174
549
40
345
50
204
82
9
385
9
7
1
73
73
1
3
0
0
1
2
3
3
0
297
45
218
20
14
2009
6,921
4,516
748
107
196
26
23
33
167
196
706
78
404
58
224
98
24
470
6
4
2
105
100
5
7
1
2
0
5
2
2
0
350
36
268
34
12

2010
9,861
6,132
1,059
184
268
48
41
58
200
259
1,140
186
661
130
369
139
23
685
14
11
3
178
175
3
11
2
2
1
6
4
3
0
478
57
362
41
18
Appendix table 6-49

USPTO patents granted in information processes technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
2,637
1,549
197
50
32
11
13
13
63
14
768
9
56
3
32
19
2
58
3
0
3
20
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
35
9
24
1
2
1996
3,316
2,006
244
63
39
12
21
17
75
18
901
5
65
2
37
21
5
95
1
0
1
36
35
1
5
0
1
0
4
0
0
0
52
12
34
4
2
1997
3,806
2,459
276
69
51
9
23
19
83
22
868
7
84
1
42
35
6
113
6
0
6
38
37
1
3
1
0
0
2
0
0
0
66
10
50
4
2
1998
6,559
4,483
404
82
96
23
28
17
133
25
1,307
7
157
1
95
53
8
203
13
0
13
70
70
1
2
0
1
0
1
2
2
0
116
15
85
10
7
1999
6,808
4,731
449
76
98
15
23
32
160
45
1,209
6
178
4
103
62
9
234
19
0
19
73
72
1
3
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
139
21
98
13
7
2000
6,539
4,754
422
75
103
10
29
34
126
44
972
11
151
6
79
56
10
229
5
0
5
78
77
1
3
0
0
2
1
2
2
0
140
23
109
2
5
2001
7,092
5,095
505
81
109
17
36
47
151
63
1,043
17
158
12
87
49
10
275
13
12
2
86
83
3
4
0
1
1
3
3
2
1
169
33
121
9
5
2002
7,032
5,051
540
105
133
21
36
39
157
49
957
18
163
11
64
65
23
303
9
8
1
94
93
2
4
0
1
0
3
3
1
2
194
37
137
10
9
2003
7,533
5,410
565
98
134
22
37
38
167
71
979
20
209
28
84
82
15
350
18
17
2
118
116
1
3
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
210
51
127
20
12
2004
8,365
5,887
680
130
170
18
36
32
201
93
1,125
27
250
43
87
99
21
397
12
11
1
126
125
1
8
2
3
1
3
4
4
0
246
58
158
21
9
2005
8,141
5,699
692
130
172
19
23
32
219
96
1,076
41
273
50
94
111
18
360
14
13
1
104
104
0
7
0
1
2
3
3
3
0
232
53
149
22
9
2006
12,626
8,228
1,251
198
393
45
76
69
311
160
1,956
82
508
73
206
199
30
602
29
24
5
165
160
4
12
0
7
4
1
4
4
0
392
79
256
39
18
2007
11,672
7,542
1,189
183
394
39
62
60
294
157
1,733
100
509
76
212
188
33
599
18
14
4
140
138
3
9
1
5
2
2
1
1
0
430
115
251
38
26
2008
13,268
8,382
1,381
223
497
57
63
57
312
171
1,983
162
678
113
291
224
50
681
24
22
2
171
163
8
12
1
7
1
3
5
5
0
471
81
324
38
28
2009
15,075
9,779
1,543
222
548
43
80
62
359
228
2,026
185
717
164
285
223
45
825
36
33
3
201
194
7
14
2
8
2
2
5
5
0
569
96
382
62
29
2010
22,038
14,308
2,301
359
891
63
97
99
500
293
2,856
274
1,108
283
501
270
54
1,190
54
48
6
258
242
16
24
0
13
6
5
6
6
0
849
169
567
77
37

Appendix table 6-50

USPTO patents granted in telecommunications technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
3,345
1,723
516
102
95
21
52
63
99
83
926
1
82
0
53
26
4
97
2
0
2
16
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
78
4
57
14
4
1996
3,865
2,007
645
130
138
21
46
102
119
90
961
4
110
1
77
29
3
137
2
0
2
19
19
0
2
0
1
1
0
2
2
0
112
7
98
5
2
1997
3,483
1,862
549
96
113
27
40
82
92
99
820
3
103
0
68
28
8
146
3
0
3
26
25
1
1
0
0
0
1
2
1
1
114
4
88
17
4
1998
5,454
2,881
840
142
144
29
65
125
149
187
1,250
9
236
0
167
60
9
239
4
0
4
40
40
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
193
13
155
12
13
1999
6,296
3,343
1,008
154
171
19
72
189
194
209
1,319
8
291
1
231
52
7
328
8
0
8
51
50
0
2
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
267
9
229
24
5
2000
6,526
3,522
1,103
167
223
23
43
233
210
203
1,258
10
301
1
216
68
16
332
5
0
5
49
47
2
6
1
1
3
1
3
3
0
270
11
228
21
10
2001
6,744
3,624
1,183
182
257
25
42
221
225
232
1,253
11
349
4
247
82
16
325
7
6
1
56
54
2
3
0
0
3
0
1
0
1
258
10
218
13
17
2002
7,072
3,714
1,252
180
252
39
48
237
214
283
1,396
4
388
5
272
93
18
316
5
5
1
61
60
2
5
0
1
4
0
3
3
0
242
16
183
25
18
2003
7,385
3,834
1,328
184
324
32
39
224
204
321
1,408
9
448
10
308
114
15
358
5
5
1
93
92
1
3
0
0
3
0
2
2
0
255
12
203
21
19
2004
7,843
4,182
1,333
191
323
38
60
149
218
355
1,331
24
521
12
331
156
22
452
12
11
1
116
113
3
6
0
0
6
0
4
4
0
314
20
244
30
20
2005
7,125
3,796
1,165
154
317
33
40
137
193
291
1,199
24
528
26
317
169
16
416
11
10
1
103
99
4
5
0
0
4
0
5
4
1
293
26
223
29
14
2006
11,699
6,342
1,859
282
514
65
88
153
288
469
1,844
69
907
36
512
332
27
676
11
9
2
157
155
2
5
1
1
2
1
5
5
0
498
48
377
55
18
2007
10,264
5,467
1,514
214
403
52
71
97
277
400
1,559
67
1,090
45
625
389
31
567
15
13
2
134
133
2
4
0
1
2
0
3
2
1
411
37
322
37
15
2008
10,540
5,294
1,571
236
391
64
76
120
262
421
1,650
91
1,302
64
802
411
25
633
23
21
3
150
146
4
8
0
5
0
3
6
5
1
447
37
355
40
15
2009
11,138
5,676
1,491
216
396
57
70
120
233
400
1,702
164
1,453
63
935
419
36
653
23
21
2
181
179
2
6
3
3
0
1
2
2
0
441
52
337
42
10
2010
14,727
7,293
2,061
289
548
73
86
224
326
514
2,283
277
1,888
96
1,254
492
46
925
33
31
3
224
218
6
7
1
4
1
1
4
4
1
657
73
500
62
21

Appendix table 6-51

USPTO patents granted in automation and control technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
1,200
696
140
28
55
8
8
8
21
12
275
1
45
1
24
18
2
44
1
0
1
8
8
0
4
1
1
0
2
0
0
0
32
2
19
9
2
1996
1,302
768
162
36
53
9
16
11
28
8
273
0
41
0
16
20
5
59
1
0
1
5
5
0
3
0
0
1
2
2
2
0
49
4
34
8
3
1997
1,265
765
172
25
83
20
3
10
18
12
229
0
35
1
20
12
3
64
0
0
0
10
10
0
2
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
53
5
38
9
2
1998
1,694
995
228
34
99
22
11
15
28
19
312
3
75
0
33
38
4
80
1
0
1
9
9
0
5
0
2
3
0
3
3
0
62
2
48
11
2
1999
1,599
949
230
38
97
19
9
18
30
20
274
2
71
0
33
34
4
73
0
0
0
13
13
0
2
1
0
1
0
3
3
0
55
4
42
8
2
2000
1,591
921
264
39
104
29
10
10
47
25
252
0
75
1
33
35
6
79
2
0
2
11
10
1
3
1
1
1
0
2
2
0
62
6
41
13
2
2001
1,710
988
287
31
139
26
12
19
32
28
283
1
67
2
33
31
1
84
5
2
3
8
7
1
2
0
1
1
0
4
4
0
65
4
43
12
6
2002
1,791
993
316
48
145
24
9
23
32
35
308
4
84
1
30
50
3
86
2
1
1
11
10
1
3
0
0
2
1
1
1
0
69
6
45
15
4
2003
1,843
998
319
47
157
28
15
11
31
28
340
2
93
0
32
54
7
91
1
1
0
19
18
1
5
1
1
2
1
2
2
0
64
8
42
13
2
2004
1,987
1,154
298
44
155
22
10
14
29
24
321
5
114
3
29
75
7
95
3
2
1
14
13
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
76
6
53
14
4
2005
1,856
1,047
310
51
163
15
8
12
30
31
315
5
99
3
27
64
5
80
1
1
0
12
10
1
4
0
2
2
0
1
0
1
63
7
48
3
5
2006
3,276
1,912
455
58
189
43
17
22
79
48
555
18
192
6
74
102
10
143
1
1
1
21
20
1
7
1
1
3
2
1
1
0
113
10
69
25
8
2007
2,773
1,532
354
40
160
32
13
15
53
42
503
34
238
9
88
130
11
113
1
1
0
23
22
1
2
0
0
1
1
3
3
0
84
15
48
14
7
2008
2,889
1,675
354
45
143
27
19
23
51
45
462
42
236
14
87
125
10
121
3
2
1
18
16
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
12
64
21
3
2009
3,225
1,698
406
47
166
44
19
19
58
54
607
46
319
12
130
156
21
149
4
3
0
25
23
2
10
1
5
3
2
4
4
0
106
6
78
18
5
2010
3,951
2,036
549
104
200
39
25
32
67
82
714
82
363
16
148
173
26
206
5
3
2
34
27
7
8
0
2
5
2
3
2
1
156
23
101
28
5

Appendix table 6-52

USPTO patents granted in medical electronics technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
1,504
965
292
37
92
13
33
60
30
27
178
0
7
0
3
4
0
63
2
0
2
15
15
0
1
0
0
0
1
3
3
0
42
7
26
5
4
1996
1,427
960
252
29
97
11
38
27
21
30
156
1
0
0
0
0
0
57
1
0
1
17
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
37
12
19
4
3
1997
1,418
944
243
31
89
11
19
35
29
30
161
2
7
0
4
3
0
60
3
0
3
15
15
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
40
8
18
8
6
1998
1,978
1,362
340
44
96
20
48
51
43
40
169
3
19
0
6
12
1
85
4
0
4
28
28
0
2
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
50
9
27
11
4
1999
1,733
1,215
261
35
111
5
42
21
20
27
156
4
18
1
8
9
0
79
3
0
3
25
25
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
51
14
24
10
3
2000
2,066
1,439
321
35
123
9
46
41
35
32
155
2
24
1
11
11
2
125
8
0
8
34
34
0
4
1
0
2
1
2
2
0
78
22
31
12
13
2001
2,370
1,554
395
48
154
15
45
43
50
40
216
1
28
2
17
7
2
176
9
8
1
82
82
1
2
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
83
11
47
15
10
2002
2,550
1,649
409
60
177
21
35
34
38
44
283
6
40
1
20
14
5
164
9
6
4
71
70
1
4
1
0
0
3
3
1
2
77
16
36
10
16
2003
2,575
1,624
413
53
159
23
42
40
36
62
312
2
41
3
22
13
3
183
8
3
5
82
81
1
3
1
0
0
2
3
1
2
87
15
43
12
17
2004
2,165
1,372
339
41
144
14
29
39
30
42
265
4
36
4
19
11
2
149
8
4
4
67
67
0
4
0
1
1
2
1
0
1
69
14
32
14
9
2005
2,026
1,282
327
39
137
9
25
37
37
43
242
6
42
2
16
23
1
127
7
6
1
55
54
1
6
1
0
3
2
1
1
0
58
9
30
13
5
2006
2,473
1,531
374
51
153
13
38
37
32
50
383
5
37
7
12
16
2
144
5
3
2
70
70
1
5
1
0
1
2
0
0
0
64
19
28
9
8
2007
2,439
1,537
384
33
187
14
34
38
24
54
331
6
35
6
18
10
1
146
7
4
3
58
57
1
4
1
2
2
0
0
0
0
77
19
38
10
9
2008
2,240
1,291
385
44
207
13
32
23
18
47
358
11
47
5
23
14
5
147
12
8
4
64
61
2
2
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
70
20
32
11
7
2009
2,565
1,586
439
37
240
19
35
20
40
49
297
20
43
9
20
10
4
181
7
3
4
94
93
2
4
1
1
0
2
1
1
0
75
21
29
15
10
2010
3,489
2,213
546
51
285
24
49
27
43
67
408
33
60
6
36
14
4
231
7
2
5
99
98
1
5
2
1
1
2
0
0
0
120
33
54
17
16

Appendix table 6-53

USPTO patents granted in semiconductor technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
5,115
2,304
363
66
156
42
27
7
48
18
1,972
4
404
1
187
210
6
67
5
0
5
8
8
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
52
1
26
22
3
1996
5,085
2,334
341
58
133
44
28
10
51
18
1,813
5
523
3
220
285
15
68
4
0
4
12
11
1
2
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
50
1
35
14
0
1997
5,470
2,457
349
66
125
55
20
18
42
23
1,896
4
686
3
293
360
30
78
5
0
5
18
17
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
54
2
27
25
0
1998
7,495
3,398
500
83
182
78
27
35
65
30
2,357
4
1,142
0
526
580
36
94
14
0
14
18
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
62
2
37
20
3
1999
9,148
4,155
578
99
218
74
33
38
80
37
2,766
9
1,544
2
608
883
51
97
14
0
14
25
24
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
57
6
28
23
0
2000
10,856
5,061
656
96
271
93
33
47
75
42
2,985
9
2,035
1
629
1,320
85
108
16
0
16
27
26
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
64
2
42
18
2
2001
12,665
5,842
815
131
319
113
59
48
82
64
3,359
17
2,486
3
725
1,595
163
145
25
24
1
40
39
1
2
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
78
4
45
27
2
2002
13,110
6,080
841
121
364
101
75
31
89
60
3,766
26
2,265
6
787
1,262
210
134
13
12
1
36
35
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
84
7
43
31
3
2003
13,108
6,133
979
145
412
99
84
24
122
94
3,764
29
2,025
13
733
1,096
183
178
26
24
2
39
37
2
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
112
14
68
25
5
2004
12,764
5,783
931
137
462
60
59
19
104
91
3,713
40
2,147
11
831
1,128
177
149
11
9
1
33
32
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
104
16
51
31
7
2005
11,036
5,058
874
123
444
47
55
26
103
76
3,091
54
1,838
16
786
892
144
121
10
8
2
29
28
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
80
8
48
22
3
2006
12,082
5,556
985
164
462
60
47
22
119
110
3,164
42
2,166
29
972
999
166
169
16
13
3
37
35
2
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
114
21
60
26
7
2007
11,440
5,080
893
154
444
43
54
23
89
87
3,033
54
2,215
42
1,037
948
188
165
14
10
4
42
42
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
107
15
71
16
5
2008
11,080
4,644
869
115
437
50
45
18
93
111
2,872
67
2,463
30
1,280
988
165
166
16
10
6
48
45
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
101
17
62
16
6
2009
11,974
4,712
944
167
425
59
35
20
109
130
3,271
83
2,790
25
1,636
962
167
175
6
5
1
48
47
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
120
18
72
26
4
2010
16,665
6,383
1,446
239
716
63
82
32
116
200
4,624
151
3,805
56
2,206
1,252
291
256
12
9
3
62
59
3
7
1
6
0
1
4
4
0
171
18
99
48
6

Appendix table 6-54

USPTO patents granted in optics technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
2,582
1,057
300
67
90
8
24
9
87
15
1,063
4
71
1
51
20
0
87
15
0
15
15
14
1
3
0
0
3
0
1
1
0
53
5
37
11
1
1996
2,953
1,144
338
66
118
11
29
14
89
11
1,288
2
95
0
72
23
0
87
6
0
6
9
9
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
70
5
49
14
3
1997
3,186
1,241
368
93
114
17
27
12
80
25
1,366
0
107
1
88
17
1
105
4
0
4
13
13
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
86
10
60
16
1
1998
4,584
1,647
574
119
189
27
56
20
135
29
1,954
4
255
1
204
48
2
151
10
0
10
25
25
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
115
8
81
22
4
1999
4,313
1,679
476
79
171
19
54
21
113
19
1,751
11
241
0
187
51
3
158
8
0
8
21
20
0
3
0
1
2
0
2
1
1
124
15
69
31
9
2000
4,550
1,705
557
82
208
11
38
39
151
28
1,888
6
261
1
203
51
7
134
5
0
5
21
21
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
108
10
72
22
5
2001
4,910
1,966
620
98
221
29
46
36
149
41
1,885
2
269
0
199
63
7
167
11
7
3
48
48
0
3
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
106
9
65
29
3
2002
5,349
2,190
662
97
267
22
45
36
154
41
1,896
9
401
1
269
122
9
192
8
7
2
42
42
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
141
9
89
38
5
2003
6,417
2,513
786
112
352
40
57
34
146
45
2,288
14
572
1
369
193
9
244
10
7
4
59
59
1
2
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
173
10
116
41
7
2004
7,169
2,671
823
108
348
46
73
30
158
61
2,680
25
715
1
449
246
20
256
19
15
4
41
40
1
1
0
0
0
1
2
1
1
193
17
111
57
8
2005
6,696
2,459
682
82
337
29
38
23
118
55
2,519
21
807
4
535
238
30
208
11
10
1
35
34
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
161
13
106
34
8
2006
7,466
2,629
750
79
313
40
74
35
141
67
2,865
24
954
1
643
292
18
244
15
12
3
39
38
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
188
24
112
35
18
2007
6,597
2,257
671
80
301
39
62
25
106
56
2,442
37
977
5
681
272
19
213
10
8
2
52
50
2
4
0
1
3
0
0
0
0
147
20
79
36
12
2008
6,606
2,235
647
65
293
29
84
18
100
58
2,360
42
1,107
3
728
362
14
215
10
8
3
51
51
0
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
152
22
87
32
11
2009
6,683
1,979
651
85
276
31
94
17
89
59
2,506
46
1,274
3
820
439
12
227
7
4
3
61
60
1
2
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
157
13
95
39
10

2010
6,875
2,057
700
78
333
34
68
25
107
56
2,463
70
1,341
3
811
507
20
244
18
13
5
60
59
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
165
20
87
49
9
Appendix table 6-55

USPTO patents granted in measuring techniques and instrumentation technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
5,529
3,355
777
156
307
27
36
23
165
63
1,056
3
71
0
33
34
4
268
4
0
4
31
28
3
3
0
0
0
3
3
3
0
227
18
108
89
11
1996
6,076
3,603
931
172
391
36
36
38
174
84
1,155
8
84
2
41
34
7
297
10
0
10
30
29
1
5
0
2
1
2
6
6
0
247
18
97
112
20
1997
5,544
3,207
883
138
377
32
44
34
172
87
1,098
3
102
0
51
48
3
251
11
0
11
33
32
1
3
2
0
0
1
2
2
0
202
14
96
77
15
1998
6,989
3,906
1,139
198
508
42
55
57
189
90
1,408
3
168
2
95
62
9
364
17
0
17
42
41
1
8
2
4
0
2
4
4
0
294
34
130
111
18
1999
6,958
3,942
1,068
161
494
42
50
62
166
93
1,461
3
168
2
76
80
11
316
15
0
15
40
40
0
7
0
2
3
2
6
6
0
248
18
133
75
22
2000
7,391
4,103
1,235
191
557
46
53
75
195
119
1,451
5
234
3
93
120
18
364
15
0
15
61
60
2
5
1
2
0
2
5
5
0
277
22
133
94
27
2001
7,802
4,304
1,369
177
656
57
71
91
228
90
1,450
13
258
3
93
139
23
408
23
22
1
68
68
0
12
1
5
2
5
4
4
0
301
32
144
103
23
2002
8,527
4,635
1,523
176
739
55
77
84
247
145
1,616
15
270
8
96
134
32
468
25
22
3
89
84
4
6
1
1
3
1
4
4
0
344
29
160
122
32
2003
9,219
5,019
1,593
181
828
59
80
71
218
156
1,785
20
303
10
103
147
43
500
29
25
5
74
70
4
18
4
5
8
1
1
1
0
378
36
182
130
30
2004
9,311
4,985
1,536
165
770
64
73
66
249
147
1,901
33
335
17
110
169
39
520
19
17
2
71
70
2
16
2
1
9
3
4
3
1
410
45
181
145
39
2005
8,406
4,510
1,399
179
695
53
51
72
233
116
1,640
33
366
17
124
195
30
458
12
10
2
80
70
9
11
0
2
8
1
2
2
0
352
32
145
129
47
2006
9,803
5,088
1,681
203
834
61
69
89
268
158
1,998
54
457
16
201
206
34
524
20
16
4
90
85
5
21
2
4
9
6
6
6
0
387
59
166
125
36
2007
9,478
4,832
1,636
217
783
63
76
79
241
178
1,895
60
502
29
225
200
48
553
22
17
5
84
75
9
17
3
5
5
3
5
5
0
425
65
182
137
40
2008
9,694
4,934
1,604
238
752
63
107
59
221
163
1,910
93
579
34
266
226
53
572
19
12
8
97
89
8
11
2
6
3
0
3
2
1
442
51
168
157
67
2009
9,790
4,821
1,646
218
762
69
87
69
253
187
1,963
146
620
33
287
258
42
595
20
17
3
104
95
9
12
3
4
3
2
4
3
1
455
57
182
163
54
2010
10,919
5,252
2,000
291
924
79
90
89
319
208
2,120
180
674
39
307
292
36
694
21
15
6
110
98
12
16
3
6
3
3
4
3
1
543
67
208
193
75

Appendix table 6-56

USPTO patents granted in pharmaceuticals technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8 (sum 17-20)
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
3,754
1,907
1,047
200
356
110
30
31
196
124
547
6
26
7
13
5
1
221
10
0
10
18
18
0
6
2
1
3
0
3
2
1
184
11
63
101
9
1996
4,167
2,232
1,065
190
330
121
17
38
212
158
523
4
53
6
31
16
0
290
10
0
10
37
35
2
11
3
1
4
2
4
4
1
228
13
92
108
15
1997
5,025
2,732
1,329
242
443
120
25
61
290
149
552
8
71
15
40
15
1
333
16
0
16
34
32
2
12
3
1
3
4
5
5
0
266
17
109
123
17
1998
5,214
2,809
1,381
256
423
129
31
63
300
178
588
10
76
22
34
19
1
350
20
0
20
32
30
2
11
6
0
2
3
5
4
1
282
29
133
106
15
1999
5,687
3,135
1,466
234
462
125
39
61
331
215
575
6
107
35
44
26
2
399
19
0
19
48
47
1
12
5
3
2
2
3
2
1
317
30
152
113
21
2000
5,388
2,946
1,448
226
476
124
31
64
361
166
527
8
98
32
46
19
1
360
17
0
17
51
48
3
15
5
4
4
2
3
2
1
274
19
136
92
27
2001
5,753
3,082
1,465
230
471
127
50
67
325
196
666
9
120
44
53
22
1
413
18
9
9
44
41
2
14
7
1
3
3
8
5
3
329
47
148
116
18
2002
6,152
3,449
1,523
250
501
122
41
84
311
214
620
11
158
64
67
25
2
390
19
11
8
54
52
1
13
9
1
1
2
4
3
1
300
33
153
101
13
2003
5,590
3,133
1,386
242
446
87
43
68
292
207
494
22
184
86
65
29
5
373
14
7
6
60
58
2
18
9
4
4
1
6
5
1
275
25
138
93
19
2004
4,324
2,348
1,056
152
359
85
35
39
213
172
422
23
157
57
67
30
3
319
12
6
6
49
47
2
10
3
4
1
2
3
3
0
245
19
130
87
10
2005
3,911
2,203
957
156
291
79
30
42
221
138
334
22
137
67
44
24
2
257
13
6
7
44
39
5
7
1
1
2
3
1
1
0
192
21
91
67
14
2006
4,492
2,442
1,141
179
377
84
30
49
253
169
407
19
150
75
45
25
5
334
10
4
5
55
53
1
13
7
4
0
3
2
1
1
254
28
119
89
18
2007
3,835
1,971
1,060
177
331
88
32
34
240
158
359
23
167
77
64
21
5
256
19
8
11
47
46
1
7
4
1
0
2
3
3
0
180
17
85
69
9
2008
3,796
1,941
1,060
175
332
89
34
53
226
150
313
21
164
82
47
29
6
298
13
4
9
57
56
0
12
3
2
3
3
0
0
0
216
20
98
87
12
2009
4,275
2,152
1,117
187
334
93
38
49
230
187
450
45
175
85
48
39
3
333
14
6
9
80
79
2
10
3
4
2
1
2
2
1
227
19
105
87
16

2010
5,471
2,756
1,462
217
442
140
53
67
283
259
539
61
222
109
64
44
5
431
10
8
2
70
69
1
17
2
10
2
2
2
2
0
332
28
139
139
26
Appendix table 6-57

USPTO patents granted in materials technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
5,432
2,471
1,112
159
514
84
49
27
147
132
1,542
5
79
1
55
20
3
223
10
0
10
5
4
1
12
1
6
4
2
6
6
0
190
16
106
63
5
1996
5,297
2,522
1,111
147
514
90
43
38
128
152
1,401
6
74
3
41
28
2
184
16
0
16
5
4
1
7
0
1
2
3
2
1
1
154
15
84
44
10
1997
5,013
2,341
1,107
137
513
77
44
34
126
177
1,294
8
86
5
45
34
2
177
17
0
17
5
4
1
11
2
1
1
7
2
2
0
142
10
65
56
11
1998
5,718
2,564
1,335
174
629
69
76
33
172
182
1,480
7
116
8
65
39
4
218
17
0
17
11
10
1
10
0
3
3
4
3
3
0
177
15
91
62
9
1999
5,762
2,608
1,230
164
567
70
77
42
124
186
1,547
10
126
8
74
36
8
242
21
0
21
13
10
2
11
0
2
4
5
6
6
0
191
29
91
66
5
2000
5,580
2,497
1,255
156
596
69
70
57
121
186
1,463
13
137
10
81
42
4
217
14
0
14
15
9
6
13
0
3
6
3
5
5
0
170
13
83
62
12
2001
6,002
2,644
1,330
177
585
81
67
61
127
232
1,619
9
161
13
100
44
4
238
14
9
5
16
12
4
14
2
6
0
6
11
11
0
183
19
94
61
10
2002
5,932
2,626
1,180
150
538
71
67
45
102
207
1,660
17
176
15
106
47
8
275
15
11
5
16
10
6
19
0
4
5
10
13
13
0
212
21
119
63
9
2003
5,793
2,557
1,226
168
568
65
88
33
104
200
1,512
16
218
17
138
54
9
264
17
11
6
22
16
6
22
1
7
7
8
5
5
0
198
28
98
55
16
2004
5,515
2,345
1,173
158
563
66
75
40
113
158
1,491
20
259
24
161
65
9
229
15
13
2
11
7
4
14
0
3
5
6
7
6
1
182
30
86
52
14
2005
4,006
1,805
797
109
377
51
43
25
59
134
1,023
9
210
20
125
54
11
165
10
10
0
15
13
2
6
1
2
0
2
4
3
0
130
15
70
34
10
2006
4,236
1,839
869
130
419
60
47
20
73
120
1,084
18
243
21
159
53
10
182
13
8
5
21
18
3
6
0
2
2
2
5
5
0
137
24
68
37
9
2007
3,658
1,538
743
106
345
38
53
32
81
88
1,001
23
200
24
116
50
10
152
13
10
3
12
12
0
8
0
2
3
4
3
3
0
116
17
53
37
8
2008
3,407
1,359
655
111
298
34
38
27
61
85
1,013
28
197
25
127
38
7
154
11
10
1
15
14
1
9
0
2
5
3
3
3
0
116
18
58
29
11
2009
3,582
1,399
656
96
291
54
49
25
56
85
1,043
28
283
25
187
62
9
171
11
9
2
12
11
2
13
0
5
4
4
6
6
0
129
20
70
32
7

2010
5,193
2,035
1,135
158
517
70
84
31
100
176
1,341
65
343
38
202
91
12
275
19
16
3
19
15
4
20
0
8
5
7
6
6
0
211
33
96
64
18
Appendix table 6-58

USPTO patents granted in aerospace and defense technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
1,391
989
292
114
74
8
3
16
68
10
30
2
5
0
0
5
0
74
2
0
2
12
12
0
2
0
0
0
2
7
7
0
51
4
29
17
2
1996
1,301
876
299
111
89
10
10
11
55
12
38
0
9
0
2
6
1
79
7
0
7
14
14
0
1
0
0
0
1
6
6
0
51
6
18
26
1
1997
1,271
883
272
105
97
8
5
11
42
5
38
0
5
0
2
3
0
73
3
0
3
13
13
0
1
0
1
0
0
3
3
0
53
10
28
15
1
1998
1,654
1,175
331
139
105
6
3
15
51
12
46
0
16
0
7
8
1
88
7
0
7
14
14
0
3
0
1
0
2
3
3
0
61
7
25
26
3
1999
1,525
1,014
343
105
145
7
3
15
55
13
65
0
9
0
3
6
0
93
3
0
3
16
13
3
4
0
3
1
0
3
3
0
67
3
35
24
6
2000
1,702
1,095
389
132
128
11
5
19
70
24
97
0
9
1
2
4
2
111
13
0
13
9
8
1
7
0
4
1
2
5
5
0
77
10
38
25
3
2001
2,077
1,360
432
125
175
11
5
26
64
27
112
3
22
0
6
12
4
149
18
16
2
20
20
0
5
0
3
0
2
5
5
0
101
8
45
38
9
2002
2,197
1,507
423
95
179
24
2
23
74
27
112
3
17
0
5
7
5
136
16
15
1
14
13
1
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
104
8
50
43
4
2003
2,110
1,371
457
93
199
16
4
23
91
29
127
0
20
0
7
12
1
136
16
12
4
18
18
0
4
1
2
1
0
5
5
0
93
12
46
29
6
2004
1,993
1,290
418
111
166
22
5
24
70
21
122
3
23
2
4
10
7
136
12
9
3
15
15
0
4
0
1
1
2
4
4
0
101
10
47
40
4
2005
1,781
1,202
350
89
118
26
3
20
74
21
109
4
17
2
2
7
6
101
3
3
0
16
15
1
2
1
1
0
0
4
4
0
76
8
51
14
3
2006
1,660
1,046
366
110
114
14
2
24
83
18
93
5
21
1
5
15
0
128
5
4
1
14
14
0
3
2
0
0
1
3
3
0
103
5
56
41
2
2007
1,434
898
316
106
106
7
1
15
72
10
66
3
30
3
7
20
0
122
5
4
1
15
13
2
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
100
14
54
27
5
2008
1,358
888
299
99
92
13
3
14
58
19
52
1
20
0
7
13
0
98
2
1
1
16
15
1
3
0
2
0
1
4
4
0
74
9
32
29
4
2009
1,679
1,067
368
124
121
16
3
10
64
29
59
4
41
6
15
18
1
141
5
4
0
16
12
4
1
0
0
0
1
5
5
0
114
14
69
26
5

2010
2,098
1,344
470
149
143
19
3
23
95
37
86
4
25
5
3
16
1
169
15
10
5
27
27
0
10
0
7
0
3
5
5
0
112
16
61
27
9
Appendix table 6-59

USPTO patents granted in computer systems technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
4,457
2,147
284
63
85
14
30
4
66
24
1,748
3
207
3
159
42
3
68
1
0
1
21
20
1
3
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
43
1
24
5
12
1996
5,557
2,818
329
80
72
47
39
6
62
24
1,999
4
317
1
225
85
5
92
2
0
2
28
27
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
62
1
47
11
3
1997
5,661
2,873
327
88
73
40
33
12
68
13
1,941
8
421
2
306
106
7
90
3
0
3
24
24
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
61
4
42
11
5
1998
8,481
4,430
501
113
125
77
55
12
93
28
2,692
9
722
3
520
191
8
127
5
0
5
37
36
0
3
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
82
6
48
18
11
1999
8,657
4,560
516
112
136
64
57
16
97
34
2,704
2
757
3
527
209
18
119
5
0
5
33
32
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
81
4
57
8
12
2000
8,848
4,697
558
104
163
72
54
17
98
51
2,637
10
779
4
530
228
17
166
4
0
4
49
48
1
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
111
12
74
15
9
2001
9,249
4,864
601
100
172
81
45
27
124
53
2,796
17
811
6
483
299
23
160
5
5
0
54
54
1
2
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
98
2
69
17
10
2002
9,415
4,829
615
96
202
82
46
21
118
50
2,953
25
817
6
420
357
34
177
6
6
0
54
53
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
3
0
114
7
82
19
6
2003
9,789
5,105
624
118
190
70
44
26
114
62
2,998
27
822
15
377
362
68
213
5
5
0
70
70
1
3
0
2
1
0
3
3
0
132
14
93
17
8
2004
10,577
5,457
713
122
258
65
54
18
127
71
3,118
41
1,028
7
444
488
89
219
3
3
0
69
68
1
5
0
1
3
1
1
1
0
141
10
94
26
11
2005
9,711
5,123
684
97
237
83
34
22
145
66
2,658
41
967
15
475
428
49
238
2
1
1
71
71
0
6
0
2
4
0
0
0
0
159
18
97
27
16
2006
11,755
5,975
818
143
266
74
52
27
157
98
3,401
54
1,183
32
680
414
57
325
7
6
1
93
93
0
3
0
2
1
1
2
2
0
221
77
111
22
11
2007
10,506
5,111
776
116
288
74
58
24
135
80
3,028
72
1,217
51
716
414
36
302
7
6
1
80
80
0
5
0
2
1
2
2
1
1
208
57
113
28
11
2008
11,148
5,471
837
127
303
73
51
25
164
94
2,911
123
1,452
66
825
518
43
355
5
4
0
98
97
1
2
0
1
0
2
2
2
0
248
70
130
33
15
2009
11,680
5,710
812
134
252
68
59
22
180
96
2,973
162
1,633
63
991
522
57
390
10
8
1
107
105
1
4
0
2
1
1
2
1
1
267
47
173
32
15
2010
12,654
6,116
951
144
328
60
58
33
184
143
2,927
177
1,974
117
1,184
598
75
511
12
11
1
148
146
2
5
1
4
1
0
0
0
0
346
65
227
39
15

Appendix table 6-60

USPTO patents granted in biotechnology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
2,417
1,526
401
57
125
23
18
28
80
70
313
5
19
6
9
4
0
153
2
0
2
16
14
2
8
1
1
4
1
0
0
0
127
36
60
25
7
1996
3,271
2,126
553
98
153
42
23
25
100
111
351
2
25
4
14
5
2
212
15
0
15
24
24
1
3
1
1
1
0
2
2
0
168
35
84
38
11
1997
4,685
3,182
804
144
212
49
58
38
166
137
386
6
40
7
20
10
3
267
8
0
8
26
23
3
12
3
2
3
4
1
0
1
220
39
122
50
9
1998
6,679
4,409
1,164
206
297
62
75
55
243
225
587
9
63
13
24
19
7
448
21
0
21
62
61
1
20
3
3
4
9
1
0
1
344
72
187
63
22
1999
6,367
4,164
1,155
182
276
64
73
67
260
233
507
8
74
8
41
15
10
459
14
0
14
72
70
2
8
1
1
2
4
3
3
0
362
81
207
51
22
2000
5,606
3,658
1,035
175
256
38
86
59
221
200
406
9
75
17
36
15
7
423
18
0
18
51
47
4
12
1
3
4
4
4
2
2
338
56
206
52
24
2001
6,278
4,053
1,182
202
325
37
70
75
254
218
453
17
117
21
55
33
8
456
17
11
6
54
52
2
14
1
6
4
3
4
3
1
367
81
204
61
22
2002
5,827
3,799
1,025
165
277
39
72
67
219
184
412
20
111
28
44
37
2
461
22
18
3
56
56
0
21
1
4
2
14
4
3
1
359
59
220
53
26
2003
5,379
3,456
1,023
186
308
40
46
72
185
186
367
14
118
44
44
22
8
401
11
9
2
62
61
1
17
0
8
4
5
5
2
2
306
54
180
48
25
2004
4,806
3,042
901
135
273
27
58
56
183
168
373
20
111
35
37
32
7
357
13
11
2
49
48
1
19
5
8
3
3
2
2
0
274
49
161
37
27
2005
4,117
2,611
735
138
201
28
51
44
133
140
361
25
119
35
44
31
9
265
12
10
2
35
34
2
9
0
2
2
5
0
0
0
209
44
110
35
21
2006
6,008
3,726
1,047
187
290
56
55
52
203
205
514
40
229
50
92
68
19
453
15
12
4
68
64
4
25
5
12
3
4
3
2
1
342
71
183
63
25
2007
5,940
3,724
998
157
272
40
65
60
204
201
513
64
185
44
80
50
11
456
28
23
5
66
63
3
17
3
7
1
6
2
1
1
343
62
204
46
31
2008
5,703
3,438
1,004
164
273
44
70
61
184
207
559
54
209
44
84
60
21
440
27
21
6
65
63
2
23
3
5
3
11
5
2
3
320
72
174
49
25
2009
5,826
3,558
1,025
153
282
48
86
43
186
227
493
53
210
28
97
69
16
488
26
22
4
86
85
1
26
3
7
7
9
4
2
2
346
76
185
46
38

2010
8,206
4,853
1,527
232
440
95
95
76
259
330
715
83
380
60
180
114
26
649
37
31
6
113
108
5
43
3
14
9
17
9
5
4
447
93
237
83
33
Appendix table 6-61

USPTO patents granted in medical equipment technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
4,786
3,567
632
109
242
36
34
52
95
64
273
4
72
1
7
64
0
238
9
0
9
23
22
1
13
6
3
3
1
9
9
0
184
34
90
51
10
1996
5,046
3,807
643
94
230
45
25
60
104
85
298
4
67
0
13
50
4
227
11
0
11
27
26
1
18
6
6
3
3
3
3
0
169
31
71
57
11
1997
5,374
3,984
754
137
271
51
40
43
119
93
301
4
59
0
12
44
3
272
6
0
6
50
47
3
23
10
6
3
5
2
2
0
191
26
100
56
9
1998
7,022
5,201
922
144
348
57
49
91
133
100
411
10
91
4
21
62
4
388
14
0
14
79
77
2
26
12
7
4
4
7
7
0
263
49
113
80
20
1999
6,994
5,140
930
139
317
62
48
78
159
127
418
9
101
5
18
74
4
396
18
0
18
75
72
3
37
15
6
2
14
7
7
0
260
45
108
85
23
2000
6,929
4,979
1,046
161
374
72
43
95
167
134
367
11
119
3
26
87
3
407
24
0
24
71
69
1
25
9
7
3
7
8
8
0
279
45
112
96
25
2001
6,840
4,828
1,039
174
365
69
49
115
147
120
408
7
114
2
27
81
4
445
18
15
3
90
85
5
30
11
7
2
10
6
6
0
301
50
128
99
24
2002
6,481
4,423
1,004
150
395
68
47
91
139
114
410
13
163
2
39
114
8
470
13
11
2
95
93
2
32
13
6
3
9
4
4
0
326
65
121
111
29
2003
7,412
5,158
1,065
170
365
84
31
99
163
154
463
19
170
5
61
92
12
538
16
13
3
115
111
4
38
15
12
2
8
7
6
0
362
74
149
105
35
2004
6,064
4,178
922
130
334
77
37
66
144
135
343
18
164
2
36
120
6
439
11
5
6
90
89
1
22
9
1
6
5
4
4
0
312
58
119
104
32
2005
4,913
3,446
694
94
239
52
24
56
117
111
271
16
136
3
34
95
4
350
10
9
2
71
71
0
18
8
5
1
4
6
5
1
245
58
90
76
21
2006
5,219
3,581
707
83
255
45
29
67
114
114
335
22
186
7
47
122
10
387
11
8
3
80
78
3
15
3
7
4
2
10
8
2
271
72
88
82
28
2007
4,582
3,103
697
96
261
55
31
42
108
105
316
21
144
3
39
99
3
300
14
9
4
66
66
0
8
4
0
0
4
3
3
0
209
56
64
70
20
2008
4,022
2,717
545
103
186
36
20
41
87
71
319
19
115
6
25
79
5
306
11
7
4
59
57
2
9
1
4
3
2
3
2
1
224
39
74
98
13
2009
4,691
3,205
672
92
270
46
26
46
91
101
315
18
101
4
29
58
10
380
13
10
3
85
83
1
20
11
1
1
6
5
4
1
257
57
85
94
20
2010
7,424
5,211
1,035
161
408
61
41
46
145
174
490
32
139
3
44
78
14
515
10
8
2
133
132
2
16
2
6
4
4
6
6
0
350
74
103
138
35

Appendix table 6-62

Regions and countries/economies in USPTO patent data
United States
United States
Puerto Rico
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
European Patent Office
Finland
Greece
Hague Agreement
Hungary
Ireland
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Japan
China
China
Hong Kong
Macau
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Asia-8 (continued)
Taiwan
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
All others
Albania
Andorra
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Kyrgyzstan
Macedonia
Moldova
Tajikistan
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Yugoslavia
Israel
All others
Algeria
Bahrain
Egypt
Iran
Kuwait
Lebanon
Morocco
Oman
Pakistan
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Syria
Tunisia
Yemen
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Mexico
Venezuela

NOTE: European Patent Office and Hague Agreement are part of EU.
SOURCE: The Patent BoardTM, Proprietary Patent Database (15 February 2011).
South and Central America (continued)

All others
Antigua and Barbuda
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
Suriname
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
Africa Regional Industrial Property Org.
African Intellectual Property Org.
Benin
Burkina Faso
Cameroon
Chad
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cte d'Ivoire
Djibouti
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Sub-Saharan Africa
Kenya
Liberia
Madagascar
Mali
Mauritius
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Swaziland
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Brunei
Burma
French Guiana
Greenland
Iceland
Laos
Liechtenstein
Monaco
Nauru
Nepal
New Zealand
North Korea
Norway
Papua New Guinea
Sri Lanka
Vatican City
Vietnam
Appendix table 6-63

Triadic patent families, by region/country/economy: 19992008
World
United States
EU
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Singapore
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
Iceland
Israel
New Zealand
Norway
Switzerland
Other developing
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
1999
44,396
14,513
14,004
256
375
235
442
2,335
5,983
40
73
659
911
9
124
876
1,624
61
12,848
81
719
39
1
56
580
44
2,147
2,010
287
521
7
278
47
106
763
137
7
26
2
2000
44,479
13,658
13,074
273
321
216
342
2,100
5,738
27
30
625
1,007
9
143
603
1,585
55
14,379
98
890
53
4
68
726
40
2,297
2,139
360
513
11
313
45
98
799
158
7
29
2
2001
44,212
13,532
13,241
255
335
221
345
2,168
5,613
29
50
703
1,042
11
155
666
1,585
62
13,858
129
1,133
85
2
84
908
54
2,238
2,090
317
528
4
311
41
89
801
147
6
43
5
2002
45,485
14,381
13,108
316
342
227
271
2,194
5,468
28
50
705
952
10
158
690
1,630
66
13,909
179
1,510
120
2
82
1,202
103
2,303
2,154
338
582
8
261
60
105
800
149
7
41
5
2003
46,532
14,720
13,206
334
325
242
299
2,243
5,409
41
64
702
966
11
153
670
1,645
102
13,948
236
1,999
128
1
95
1,680
95
2,335
2,178
331
566
4
289
56
97
835
158
6
42
3
2004
47,851
15,098
13,875
376
413
292
335
2,379
5,598
44
66
746
984
16
211
692
1,638
84
13,699
243
2,306
122
2
116
1,953
112
2,541
2,375
353
645
2
343
62
104
867
166
7
47
5
2005
48,792
15,272
14,204
422
411
308
344
2,369
5,733
41
74
738
961
13
214
826
1,647
103
13,610
326
2,535
149
1
115
2,112
157
2,753
2,552
354
711
4
446
57
123
858
201
10
51
5
2006
49,390
15,088
14,684
429
409
273
365
2,428
6,011
44
68
754
997
16
214
899
1,671
107
13,872
402
2,667
127
1
118
2,255
166
2,583
2,380
314
648
5
390
55
118
850
203
10
56
6
2007
48,868
14,823
14,727
418
420
305
348
2,452
6,029
48
76
746
942
20
217
951
1,652
105
13,599
498
2,603
139
0
113
2,145
206
2,524
2,317
302
623
3
372
52
116
849
207
9
64
4
2008
47,949
14,399
14,525
406
396
312
348
2,423
5,875
46
83
730
979
22
223
948
1,621
114
13,446
503
2,480
141
1
136
2,006
196
2,505
2,301
297
609
3
389
49
115
838
204
8
60
5
Appendix table 6-63

Triadic patent families, by region/country/economy: 19992008
Mexico
Russia
South Africa
Turkey
1999
10
62
27
3
2000
8
72
36
4
2001
12
49
23
9
2002
10
50
27
8
2003
14
52
32
8
2004
15
50
29
13
2005
13
73
36
12
2006
16
66
33
17
2007
15
63
30
22
2008
16
66
28
21
EU = European Union
NOTES: Triadic patent families include patents applied for in U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, European Patent Office, and Japan Patent Office. Patent families fractionally allocated among
regions/countries/economies based on proportion of residences of all named inventors. EU includes all 27 member states; the countries in "all others" are Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. China includes Hong Kong and Macau. Asia-8 economies Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand do not have activity in triadic
patents.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Patent Statistics, Patents by Region database, http://stats.oecd.org/WBOS/index.aspx, accessed 16 February 2011.
Appendix table 6-64

USPTO trademark applications, by region/country/economy: 19982008
World
United States
EU
Austria
Czech Republic
Denmark
France
Germany
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
South Korea
Thailand
All others
Russia
Turkey
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
Other developed
Australia
Canada
New Zealand
Norway
1998
246,611
207,429
19,988
418
28
366
3,347
5,262
12
246
1,653
1,250
20
69
657
1,148
4,727
785
2,971
329
537
86
0
0
0
0
451
0
15,496
111
53
58
0
442
442
0
442
1,125
126
232
0
0
0
767
0
139
139
0
10,352
1,095
6,856
200
237
1999
260,761
229,721
13,658
231
22
223
2,272
3,548
21
270
1,270
899
13
81
568
656
3,044
540
2,374
291
605
134
0
0
0
0
471
0
14,235
100
65
35
0
619
619
0
619
994
149
183
0
0
0
662
0
123
123
0
8,747
1,104
5,961
266
144
2000
292,464
251,220
18,426
307
31
359
2,591
4,661
29
314
1,499
1,299
41
85
877
922
4,600
811
3,027
356
943
198
0
0
0
0
745
0
18,686
103
56
47
0
880
880
0
880
1,240
239
357
0
0
0
644
0
194
194
0
11,096
1,526
7,483
246
179
2001
216,308
181,713
14,443
306
26
297
2,160
3,937
24
221
1,265
926
33
74
665
595
3,238
676
4,370
332
809
159
0
0
0
0
650
0
14,774
151
61
90
0
561
561
0
561
1,265
179
370
0
0
0
716
0
133
133
0
8,279
1,093
5,248
257
144
2002
212,637
181,693
11,711
271
31
277
2,013
2,114
12
186
1,235
843
40
57
570
511
2,862
689
2,607
418
881
235
0
0
0
0
646
0
15,471
142
73
69
0
392
392
0
392
1,378
195
324
0
0
0
859
0
144
144
0
7,403
1,116
4,434
221
105
2003
220,965
191,902
12,906
241
33
329
1,933
3,485
26
224
1,258
863
63
88
685
529
2,528
621
2,845
1,030
797
192
32
0
0
1
572
0
11,644
238
101
134
3
390
326
11
368
2,274
228
373
162
131
29
768
583
175
159
16
8,121
1,331
4,816
280
109
2004
248,406
213,495
14,670
279
33
240
2,057
3,587
50
219
1,335
454
97
72
877
501
2,918
1,951
3,015
1,407
1,017
229
27
79
28
159
393
102
14,962
360
119
163
78
526
423
20
486
2,738
167
369
190
132
40
948
892
173
160
13
9,327
1,414
5,490
318
116
2005
264,510
224,271
17,361
387
63
383
2,521
4,436
59
222
1,861
469
99
138
783
575
3,249
2,116
3,126
1,263
996
176
0
0
0
77
743
0
17,661
567
213
283
71
460
434
0
460
1,619
202
398
0
0
0
1,018
1
169
168
1
9,935
1,612
5,920
306
209
2006
277,579
233,312
19,481
418
78
397
2,631
4,361
54
317
2,369
457
98
171
948
551
3,737
2,894
3,158
1,530
1,259
282
0
0
0
91
886
0
19,056
600
211
302
87
523
502
0
523
1,780
203
407
0
0
0
1,166
4
224
217
7
10,766
1,910
6,090
348
199
2007
304,129
256,429
21,632
392
94
448
2,752
4,646
40
347
2,266
602
115
180
978
635
4,869
3,268
2,957
3,717
1,974
307
35
72
45
306
1,107
102
17,617
649
211
281
157
815
584
91
633
3,207
236
364
190
196
57
1,311
853
212
197
15
12,043
2,174
6,660
374
221
2008
294,070
246,222
22,414
420
114
504
2,834
4,987
59
369
2,034
520
123
201
1,040
690
4,983
3,536
3,284
2,579
1,942
360
40
98
58
287
967
132
17,776
697
293
295
109
849
548
152
545
2,818
202
376
194
151
73
1,103
719
165
147
18
11,794
1,999
6,569
327
280
Appendix table 6-64

USPTO trademark applications, by region/country/economy: 19982008
Switzerland
All others
All others and unknown
1998
1,847
117
3,327
1999
1,222
50
3,652
2000
1,603
59
5,173
2001
1,486
51
4,385
2002
1,496
31
6,012
2003
1,537
48
462
2004
1,809
180
1,851
2005
1,767
121
4,912
2006
2,077
142
5,170
2007
2,371
243
706

NOTES: EU includes 27 member countries; the countries in "all others" are Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Romania,
Slovakia, and Slovenia. China includes Hong Kong. Data are not available for Taiwan. Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies.
SOURCE: World Intellectual Property Organization, Intellectual Property Statistics, http://www.wipo.int/ipstats/en, accessed 15 November 2010.
2008
2,338
281
1,471
Appendix table 6-65

U.S. venture capital investment, by financing stage and industry/technology: 19952010
(Millions of dollars)
Financing stage and industry/technology
All financing stages
All industries/technologies
Agriculture and forestry
Biopharmaceuticals
Communications and networking
Construction and civil engineering
Consumer information services
Electronics and computer hardware
Financial institutions and services
Food and beverage
Healthcare services
Household and office goods
Machinery and industrial goods
Materials and chemicals
Media and content
Medical devices and equipment
Medical software and information services
Non-renewable energy
Personal goods
Renewable energy
Retailers
Semiconductors
Software
Travel and leisure
Utilities
Vehicles and parts
Wholesale trade and shipping
Early stage
Biopharmaceuticals
Food and beverage
Healthcare services
Media and content
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
5,885
18
12
480
230
1,208
51
68
385
85
35
423
26
85
48
225
456
198
0
18
2
423
276
972
139
0
9
13
8,936
7
12
798
564
1,562
73
226
447
185
53
662
11
41
80
477
498
409
44
129
5
452
350
1,741
104
1
9
0
12,002
6
26
1,021
928
2,385
11
272
489
153
93
732
19
110
91
591
756
514
71
47
7
519
560
2,455
143
0
5
0
43,809
0
15
1,693
7,960
9,842
75
2,567
815
2,026
55
394
6
97
62
2,141
1,397
1,108
0
16
21
3,362
1,347
8,492
253
6
31
28
16,083
6
71
1,279
1,601
3,432
33
505
517
558
63
577
22
28
93
725
982
479
64
12
13
671
623
3,408
302
0
19
1
86,823
63
39
4,046
18,133
21,293
48
2,425
2,049
3,334
18
425
17
167
81
3,050
2,196
2,231
0
23
75
2,143
3,379
20,956
365
69
16
182
35,308
5
43
3,452
3,978
8,460
97
222
1,431
1,185
23
489
3
109
114
775
1,799
730
47
8
144
268
2,586
8,990
186
0
87
79
21,509
44
7
3,243
1,471
4,470
82
152
1,074
446
17
402
5
8
212
235
1,776
409
22
7
92
161
1,480
5,612
49
13
7
12
19,471
17
32
3,636
1,332
2,985
66
213
867
456
26
289
17
46
208
247
1,824
369
13
40
42
100
1,865
4,707
62
0
3
12
22,322
33
15
4,595
1,233
2,644
94
452
1,235
530
12
397
21
115
148
369
1,726
337
11
19
309
179
2,063
5,594
130
18
44
0
24,207
25
50
4,074
1,719
2,895
50
661
1,191
677
58
526
21
90
366
511
2,361
498
81
37
249
355
1,922
5,591
188
0
13
0
29,668
165
17
4,837
2,415
3,927
52
1,288
1,278
679
54
560
23
97
218
488
2,724
411
335
35
1,026
368
2,284
5,933
301
23
112
17
32,200
51
121
5,822
2,989
2,580
240
1,740
1,648
824
183
537
6
235
487
495
3,791
307
297
77
1,690
177
1,709
5,669
244
44
236
0
31,243
76
48
4,626
2,808
1,665
199
2,525
1,361
673
113
415
60
468
276
698
3,615
365
54
72
3,664
176
1,303
5,153
376
47
396
10
22,348
45
32
4,030
2,120
1,587
336
1,792
1,061
544
69
359
48
214
289
306
2,959
374
239
59
1,123
130
814
3,231
93
39
455
0
26,415
97
34
3,246
2,516
1,027
141
4,552
1,282
631
100
1,144
71
188
413
343
2,249
478
296
47
2,118
182
764
3,762
133
141
460
0
2,010
0
12
121
122
234
17
37
134
72
34
229
17
42
37
66
3,238
0
2
197
247
582
3
60
159
45
20
321
8
9
45
169
4,324
6
20
338
497
622
5
81
165
69
23
309
6
15
24
243
15,492
0
2
573
3,603
3,719
57
744
204
745
8
89
2
17
32
787
6,136
0
13
461
726
1,467
32
177
250
141
3
233
2
7
25
246
29,322
63
1
1,112
6,426
6,852
25
777
603
1,384
10
117
14
5
27
1,163
8,067
0
20
1,163
627
1,668
53
34
426
154
10
75
3
81
51
140
4,351
26
0
932
217
503
20
43
172
41
12
123
4
3
74
29
3,880
17
5
622
175
286
19
62
249
68
15
75
6
35
46
47
5,091
12
0
1,001
325
514
25
93
315
199
3
109
0
21
34
90
5,958
7
3
1,139
514
399
4
340
252
447
43
194
2
31
92
218
6,275
25
2
1,223
716
391
18
602
181
156
25
141
3
43
74
214
8,104
3
1
1,601
905
450
163
878
351
194
62
166
6
20
103
100
6,999
35
17
1,345
841
242
53
870
225
128
25
62
48
94
112
190
4,242
7
3
854
503
109
60
382
121
140
11
222
22
21
63
105
4,570
21
11
578
462
315
18
623
127
196
37
134
37
15
39
110
Appendix table 6-65

Personal goods
Renewable energy
Retailers
Semiconductors
Software
Travel and leisure
Utilities
Vehicles and parts
Expansion stage
Biopharmaceuticals
Food and beverage
Healthcare services
Media and content
Personal goods
Renewable energy
Retailers
Semiconductors
Software
Travel and leisure
Utilities
Vehicles and parts
Later stage
Biopharmaceuticals
1995
97
89
0
9
2
82
72
422
62
0
3
0
1996
143
149
35
3
0
141
73
780
42
1
6
0
1997
225
150
63
36
3
161
251
978
30
0
5
0
1998
331
362
0
12
0
1,023
393
2,732
47
6
0
7
1999
327
179
1
0
3
239
235
1,203
157
0
8
1
2000
474
788
0
7
22
399
1,062
7,795
57
14
3
122
2001
213
114
47
3
47
14
748
2,255
11
0
84
28
2002
337
53
22
4
47
30
331
1,299
11
13
6
0
2003
380
67
2
15
21
26
525
1,082
34
0
2
0
2004
440
80
11
12
61
85
411
1,201
40
0
8
0
2005
437
75
44
18
45
88
367
1,139
60
0
0
0
2006
541
54
26
6
483
40
308
957
15
10
7
17
2007
722
73
129
29
597
50
117
1,190
69
30
95
0
2008
784
103
54
39
477
32
132
839
33
25
181
10
2009
356
64
32
17
151
41
45
788
17
3
106
0
2010
333
156
178
11
146
89
69
726
24
86
28
0
1,602
0
0
114
68
501
1
25
112
1
0
38
0
0
2
60
190
44
0
3
0
118
74
193
56
0
4
0
2,152
0
10
201
177
257
23
108
139
58
28
190
1
28
8
78
92
60
4
3
4
53
96
496
38
0
0
0
3,250
0
6
151
219
616
7
72
99
41
50
187
2
7
31
196
177
185
8
0
3
188
92
852
62
0
1
0
12,320
0
13
613
2,398
2,154
18
972
354
740
9
89
4
0
4
553
355
363
0
4
0
936
468
2,255
6
0
6
6
4,549
6
13
330
368
1,017
1
154
134
199
2
157
1
18
18
182
330
135
51
5
0
227
139
1,026
32
0
6
0
28,390
0
0
1,006
6,812
6,442
23
593
508
1,248
7
227
0
11
9
888
621
841
0
11
3
868
1,095
6,961
170
33
6
7
12,585
5
0
1,213
1,790
3,281
44
91
481
430
7
69
0
9
36
326
473
273
0
3
61
62
770
3,091
18
0
0
51
6,356
1
4
1,097
291
1,231
15
40
455
110
1
48
0
0
84
50
468
73
0
3
8
1
563
1,811
4
0
1
0
5,093
0
15
979
313
743
36
27
204
149
10
17
11
0
82
51
444
38
11
4
12
11
537
1,386
0
0
0
12
5,665
21
0
1,712
162
342
28
231
339
46
0
119
5
54
9
180
358
78
0
2
60
13
529
1,332
7
18
20
0
4,933
18
0
1,049
232
358
5
93
269
39
0
120
4
0
32
26
568
94
37
4
126
48
445
1,246
106
0
13
0
7,788
0
14
1,388
562
1,417
0
384
395
185
23
133
1
37
50
163
487
91
47
12
232
124
571
1,429
33
0
10
0
6,885
44
3
1,185
678
370
2
482
246
137
41
130
0
142
225
110
718
40
8
31
545
29
475
1,170
51
0
26
0
7,291
4
0
943
613
267
41
809
250
92
46
135
2
49
75
71
831
45
0
6
1,419
108
288
1,154
15
0
29
0
5,048
24
10
1,087
635
180
58
508
284
130
13
54
24
65
88
47
650
49
57
1
168
0
108
698
23
36
52
0
4,772
7
3
609
576
158
21
424
261
122
6
97
9
61
139
75
412
46
68
26
685
70
44
783
22
0
48
0
2,222
18
0
244
3,360
7
0
401
4,093
0
0
504
15,742
0
0
491
5,154
0
45
488
28,707
0
37
1,874
14,042
0
23
1,005
9,407
18
3
1,052
8,648
0
11
1,864
9,848
0
8
1,745
11,307
0
45
1,796
13,516
140
2
2,112
15,661
5
118
2,877
15,617
33
30
2,188
12,165
15
20
1,961
16,420
68
20
2,024
Appendix table 6-65

Food and beverage
Healthcare services
Media and content
Personal goods
Renewable energy
Retailers
Semiconductors
Software
Travel and leisure
Utilities
Vehicles and parts
1995
36
465
33
7
129
12
0
154
9
43
9
99
168
66
0
6
0
218
118
353
21
0
2
13
1996
120
717
47
58
132
42
5
151
2
4
27
230
239
192
0
123
1
258
159
421
23
0
3
0
1997
212
965
0
118
222
38
14
235
3
78
37
152
321
173
0
9
1
142
217
602
50
0
0
0
1998
1,921
3,960
0
851
254
541
38
216
0
50
26
801
693
355
0
0
21
1,403
486
3,394
200
0
25
15
1999
507
925
0
173
131
216
57
187
17
4
50
296
263
162
12
7
10
200
218
1,087
95
0
5
0
2000
4,849
7,924
0
1,055
932
677
0
81
2
151
46
997
1,074
551
0
6
50
876
1,211
6,110
122
22
7
53
2001
1,526
3,442
0
97
523
558
6
204
0
19
24
294
1,058
343
0
3
36
193
1,037
3,506
145
0
2
0
2002
852
2,339
47
59
385
272
5
168
0
6
48
145
900
262
0
0
27
106
535
2,136
32
0
0
12
2003
641
1,531
11
71
380
166
1
138
0
4
76
144
869
176
0
21
9
54
714
1,746
21
0
0
0
2004
581
1,557
41
129
496
212
9
151
15
25
73
64
821
172
0
5
188
61
1,016
2,431
33
0
16
0
2005
889
1,748
41
176
648
130
15
169
15
59
225
222
1,163
118
0
15
78
206
928
2,603
16
0
0
0
2006
996
1,533
34
276
645
177
5
286
14
17
89
87
1,516
209
262
17
303
147
1,134
3,159
248
13
95
0
2007
1,215
1,390
61
380
998
469
80
218
0
59
159
254
2,256
128
160
17
540
98
1,014
2,927
124
0
115
0
2008
1,311
933
105
774
830
441
41
204
10
325
89
437
1,719
206
0
27
1,747
36
743
2,921
282
0
185
0
2009
935
1,016
217
888
625
251
45
83
2
126
131
136
1,848
241
150
41
766
89
620
1,609
53
0
297
0
2010
1,453
506
101
3,504
883
272
58
900
25
101
235
139
1,407
240
50
10
1,287
23
587
2,001
88
55
384
0
NOTES: Industries and technologies classified by Dow Jones VentureSource. Early stage consists of seed, startup, and initiation of commercial sales. Expansion consists of second-round financing that provides working capital for
company expansion, and financing to prepare for initial public offering. Later stage includes acquisition financing and management and leverage buyouts. Sum of financing stages does not add up to total.
SOURCE: Dow Jones, special tabulations (February 2011) of VentureSource database, http://www.dowjones.com/info/venture-capital-data.asp.
Appendix table 6-66

USPTO patents granted in clean energy and pollution control technologies, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
2,991
1,640
498
91
227
16
20
35
63
46
613
8
35
2
13
19
1
197
12
0
12
20
20
0
7
0
5
1
1
5
5
0
153
9
97
40
8
1996
3,171
1,791
504
90
209
24
21
32
71
57
620
2
56
2
25
25
5
199
13
0
13
24
24
0
11
0
2
7
3
4
3
1
147
20
103
22
2
1997
3,080
1,633
525
92
234
25
16
45
61
52
650
5
63
1
37
21
4
205
9
0
9
17
15
2
7
2
2
3
0
6
6
0
166
29
98
28
11
1998
3,678
1,899
621
105
281
24
21
38
87
66
816
8
108
1
65
36
6
225
11
0
11
24
23
1
7
1
4
1
1
4
4
0
179
21
111
35
13
1999
3,619
1,837
633
94
287
26
36
64
70
55
799
3
99
1
56
39
4
249
14
0
14
18
16
2
11
1
2
0
8
7
7
0
200
26
125
33
16
2000
3,641
1,777
621
106
306
31
20
42
55
62
924
10
76
3
45
26
3
234
7
0
7
18
13
5
2
1
1
0
0
7
7
0
200
20
130
36
15
2001
4,046
2,002
678
106
321
25
35
54
65
73
990
7
125
4
76
39
7
245
16
14
2
21
19
2
8
1
1
4
3
8
8
0
192
17
116
46
14
2002
4,065
1,894
698
119
307
36
29
64
66
78
1,088
7
145
6
89
43
8
233
14
12
2
21
18
3
14
1
2
9
3
3
3
0
181
21
135
19
7
2003
4,218
1,954
717
97
352
28
31
40
79
91
1,150
12
142
7
84
47
5
243
15
10
4
26
24
2
9
4
2
3
0
2
2
0
191
28
131
22
9
2004
4,027
1,875
609
67
314
30
24
35
63
76
1,111
12
157
7
98
46
7
264
12
9
3
26
24
3
11
0
4
3
4
4
3
1
212
28
142
30
11
2005
3,533
1,632
581
82
283
23
19
33
54
86
920
10
135
8
75
46
6
256
15
10
5
19
15
4
8
0
3
3
2
4
3
1
211
26
140
31
14
2006
3,887
1,871
534
61
262
27
12
34
78
61
1,055
19
161
4
105
50
3
246
9
7
2
17
17
0
6
0
2
2
2
7
6
1
207
24
139
31
13
2007
3,638
1,721
589
98
261
26
22
31
74
78
933
20
178
13
105
52
9
197
8
5
3
14
11
2
5
0
3
1
1
6
6
1
165
24
111
19
12
2008
3,688
1,759
592
85
274
29
31
32
70
71
905
23
177
9
106
61
3
232
15
14
1
20
19
1
11
0
3
4
5
6
6
0
181
22
120
23
16
2009
4,238
2,000
634
97
310
25
16
21
64
100
1,031
32
306
11
209
79
7
235
11
9
2
27
24
3
8
0
3
1
4
5
3
2
184
31
110
27
16
2010
6,145
2,788
992
152
466
44
37
41
93
158
1,441
67
533
19
390
108
16
326
16
11
4
48
38
10
15
1
6
8
1
11
11
1
236
26
159
32
19

NOTES: Clean energy and pollution control technologies include alternative energy, energy storage, smart grid, and pollution mitigation. Alternative energy includes solar, wind, nuclear, hydropower, wave/tidal/ocean, geothermal, and
electric/hybrid. Energy storage includes batteries, compressed air, flywheels, superconductivity, magnet energy systems, ultracapacitors, hydrogen production and storage, and thermal energy. Pollution mitigation includes recycling, control
of air, water, and solid waste pollution, environmental remediation, cleaner coal, and capture and storage of carbon and other greenhouse gases. Technologies classified by The Patent BoardTM. Patents fractionally allocated among
regions/countries/economies based on proportion of residences of all named inventors. United States includes Puerto Rico. EU includes 27 member countries. China includes Hong Kong and Macau. Detail may not add to total because of
rounding or minor discrepancies. See appendix table 6-62 for full list of countries by region.
SOURCE: The Patent BoardTM, special tabulations (2011) of U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), Patent Grant Bibliographic Data. Proprietary Patent Database, special tabulations (2011).
Appendix table 6-67

USPTO patents granted in alternative energy, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
825
430
135
39
52
2
3
13
15
11
201
3
9
0
3
6
0
47
1
0
1
8
8
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
38
3
21
11
3
1996
920
484
142
35
54
7
4
8
20
14
228
1
22
0
10
11
1
43
3
0
3
13
13
0
2
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
25
4
15
6
0
1997
834
418
135
33
55
5
2
14
19
9
206
1
14
0
9
4
1
61
1
0
1
13
11
2
1
0
0
1
0
2
2
0
43
6
23
9
4
1998
1,062
510
197
49
93
2
3
5
23
20
279
1
17
0
9
7
1
59
0
0
0
10
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
47
5
27
11
5
1999
1,080
500
183
27
94
9
5
17
18
14
294
0
28
0
13
12
3
75
0
0
0
12
11
1
4
0
1
0
3
1
1
0
58
14
25
16
3
2000
1,154
513
188
30
103
7
10
11
12
16
356
1
23
0
13
9
1
74
1
0
1
9
7
2
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
62
9
35
9
9
2001
1,330
610
201
28
106
9
12
14
14
19
415
1
31
1
14
10
5
73
3
2
1
11
10
1
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
56
8
25
21
2
2002
1,509
652
241
38
116
14
8
22
20
23
506
2
34
1
13
19
1
75
7
7
0
8
8
0
3
0
0
3
0
1
1
0
56
9
38
6
3
2003
1,563
681
262
34
139
7
12
16
20
34
499
2
29
1
17
9
2
90
4
2
2
12
11
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
75
13
55
5
2
2004
1,578
701
239
25
130
7
10
11
23
33
483
3
48
1
26
20
1
104
2
2
0
13
13
0
3
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
86
11
63
10
3
2005
1,482
636
262
31
139
7
7
11
27
40
434
3
43
1
28
13
1
105
5
3
2
7
6
1
4
0
2
1
1
2
1
1
87
3
71
11
2
2006
1,644
754
223
31
125
9
4
10
21
25
505
8
52
0
28
22
2
102
2
1
1
6
6
0
3
0
1
0
2
2
2
0
90
12
65
10
3
2007
1,565
728
270
41
134
7
14
9
29
36
432
9
53
5
28
20
0
73
3
2
1
6
5
1
2
0
2
0
0
2
2
0
61
9
42
8
2
2008
1,606
712
296
29
163
13
16
9
36
31
427
11
74
3
42
28
1
87
3
3
0
7
7
1
2
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
75
6
48
11
10
2009
1,952
871
326
34
183
10
11
9
27
52
504
15
145
3
90
48
4
91
2
2
1
9
7
1
2
0
1
0
1
2
1
1
76
15
48
5
8
2010
2,993
1,351
501
61
255
21
17
12
40
95
714
32
264
6
185
63
11
131
6
4
2
23
18
5
3
1
0
2
0
6
6
0
93
13
62
14
5

NOTES: Alternative energy consists of solar, wind, nuclear, bioenergy, hydropower, wave/tidal/ocean, geothermal, fuel cells, and electric/hybrid. Technologies classified by The Patent BoardTM. Patents fractionally allocated among
regions/countries/economies based on proportion of residences of all named inventors. United States includes Puerto Rico. EU includes 27 member countries. China includes Hong Kong and Macau. Detail may not add to total because of
rounding or minor discrepancies. See appendix table 6-62 for full list of countries by region.
Appendix table 6-68

USPTO patents granted in energy storage, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
227
115
21
4
4
2
1
0
9
2
65
2
1
0
0
1
0
23
2
0
2
9
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
8
0
7
1
0
1996
309
156
31
10
10
3
0
1
4
4
90
1
10
0
5
4
1
23
3
0
3
6
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
0
13
1
0
1997
354
152
32
12
9
3
2
0
2
4
131
0
15
0
12
3
1
24
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
21
4
16
1
0
1998
416
195
34
5
11
2
3
0
4
9
153
0
12
0
10
3
0
21
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
17
3
13
0
1
1999
399
173
33
9
13
1
1
0
4
5
149
1
16
0
14
2
0
27
3
0
3
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
19
1
16
0
2
2000
476
184
39
11
20
2
0
0
3
2
210
3
15
0
13
3
0
23
2
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
1
17
1
2
2001
546
214
55
16
22
2
2
1
7
6
220
1
26
0
22
4
0
30
3
3
0
3
3
0
3
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
21
1
17
2
2
2002
592
200
59
16
22
3
3
1
5
9
263
0
45
1
39
4
2
25
5
4
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
1
15
1
1
2003
620
220
55
11
26
1
4
1
6
5
268
1
44
1
36
7
0
32
4
3
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
27
5
18
2
1
2004
621
238
59
9
36
2
3
1
4
4
243
2
44
0
36
6
1
35
5
3
2
4
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
25
2
17
5
2
2005
461
175
43
3
22
2
5
1
5
5
176
1
34
1
29
3
1
31
5
3
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
4
16
3
3
2006
534
215
31
3
13
2
1
2
9
2
208
2
47
0
43
6
0
29
3
3
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
24
4
15
5
0
2007
519
194
35
6
21
1
0
1
7
0
213
1
55
1
46
7
2
20
1
1
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17
4
7
3
3
2008
526
215
41
9
12
2
8
1
5
5
203
3
41
0
36
5
0
24
4
4
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
17
4
8
3
1
2009
633
219
46
13
18
1
1
0
5
7
237
2
85
0
81
11
0
37
4
3
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
27
6
17
4
1
2010
980
332
75
21
34
7
1
3
6
3
319
18
192
3
172
22
1
37
3
3
0
3
1
2
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
27
2
16
7
4

NOTES: Energy storage includes batteries, compressed air, flywheels, superconductivity magnet energy systems, ultracapacitors, hydrogen production and storage, and thermal energy storage. Technologies classified by The Patent
BoardTM. Patents fractionally allocated among regions/countries/economies based on proportion of residences of all named inventors. United States includes Puerto Rico. EU includes 27 member countries. China includes Hong Kong and
Macau. Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies. See appendix table 6-62 for full list of countries by region.
Appendix table 6-69

USPTO patents granted in smart grid technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
295
140
40
13
11
1
0
5
8
2
93
0
4
0
2
2
0
18
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
1
7
8
0
1996
289
153
36
10
7
1
0
8
9
1
77
0
6
1
2
3
0
18
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
15
1
7
7
0
1997
295
160
47
9
13
1
0
16
8
1
65
1
3
0
1
2
0
19
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
1
8
7
3
1998
312
178
42
3
17
2
2
7
11
1
59
0
9
1
8
0
0
25
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
21
2
10
8
2
1999
304
160
69
15
19
3
2
22
8
1
52
0
6
0
4
1
1
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
17
1
11
2
3
2000
277
158
51
6
19
4
0
8
10
4
43
0
5
0
3
2
0
20
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
18
2
5
8
3
2001
316
186
48
8
13
3
1
10
10
4
54
2
9
1
6
2
0
19
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
0
11
8
1
2002
305
174
63
9
20
3
0
17
10
4
41
0
6
1
3
1
1
21
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19
1
13
4
1
2003
350
195
57
12
20
4
1
10
6
5
52
1
13
1
5
6
1
33
1
0
1
2
2
0
3
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
27
3
15
10
0
2004
305
172
42
4
14
8
2
3
6
5
42
0
10
2
5
3
0
38
0
0
0
2
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
35
5
19
7
4
2005
288
162
47
9
14
7
0
6
1
11
31
1
12
1
3
8
0
34
0
0
0
5
4
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
28
4
12
9
3
2006
384
226
43
2
11
8
1
7
10
4
53
1
22
2
14
6
0
40
0
0
0
6
6
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
33
4
19
10
0
2007
360
218
45
8
13
6
0
5
7
6
40
1
20
3
10
6
1
36
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
32
3
23
5
1
2008
385
248
50
5
20
4
1
5
5
10
36
4
15
2
6
7
0
33
1
1
0
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
27
0
21
5
2
2009
378
230
59
7
25
2
2
2
10
11
33
6
20
1
14
4
1
30
1
1
0
5
5
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
22
2
14
6
0

2010
528
303
81
15
29
4
0
12
7
15
66
5
24
4
9
10
1
50
0
0
0
8
6
2
3
0
0
3
0
1
0
1
38
3
29
4
2
Appendix table 6-70

USPTO patents granted in pollution mitigation, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
1,717
992
317
40
163
12
17
17
36
32
267
5
23
1
8
12
1
114
8
0
8
5
5
0
6
0
5
1
0
1
1
0
95
5
64
20
5
1996
1,742
1,050
307
35
146
13
17
15
40
40
243
1
18
1
8
8
2
123
8
0
8
7
6
0
8
0
2
5
2
2
2
0
98
15
73
8
2
1997
1,704
957
323
41
161
16
12
17
37
40
278
3
33
1
17
12
3
109
7
0
7
3
3
0
6
2
2
2
0
3
3
0
90
18
55
13
4
1998
2,011
1,076
363
51
166
18
14
26
51
38
365
7
71
1
38
27
5
129
11
0
11
12
11
1
5
1
2
1
1
2
2
0
100
12
63
20
5
1999
1,944
1,062
369
46
166
16
30
26
46
39
326
2
51
1
26
24
0
133
11
0
11
3
2
1
7
1
1
0
5
3
3
0
110
11
77
14
7
2000
1,864
984
364
65
173
17
13
24
31
42
350
6
34
3
18
12
1
125
4
0
4
7
4
3
1
1
0
0
0
6
6
0
108
9
78
19
2
2001
1,998
1,058
393
60
187
13
21
29
35
49
346
4
66
2
36
25
3
131
10
9
1
8
7
1
4
0
1
3
0
8
8
0
102
8
68
17
9
2002
1,825
945
361
60
156
17
19
27
36
47
327
5
64
4
38
19
4
123
3
3
0
12
9
3
12
1
2
7
3
2
2
0
93
11
71
8
3
2003
1,831
932
360
42
176
16
14
15
47
52
374
8
57
4
26
26
2
99
6
6
0
14
13
1
6
3
1
2
0
2
2
0
71
8
51
6
6
2004
1,685
831
291
33
145
14
13
20
32
35
398
6
60
4
34
17
5
98
5
4
1
10
8
3
7
0
2
2
3
2
2
0
74
13
50
8
5
2005
1,456
744
254
42
120
10
9
15
24
34
305
5
52
5
19
25
4
97
7
4
3
5
4
1
3
0
1
1
1
2
2
0
81
16
47
9
8
2006
1,497
767
251
27
119
9
7
17
41
31
334
9
43
2
23
17
1
94
5
4
1
5
5
0
2
0
1
1
0
5
4
1
77
7
52
8
10
2007
1,343
666
268
50
103
13
9
18
37
38
274
11
52
4
23
19
5
73
4
2
2
2
2
0
3
0
1
1
1
4
3
1
60
9
42
4
5
2008
1,321
668
229
42
89
11
9
18
29
30
267
9
53
4
25
23
2
96
6
6
0
7
7
0
9
0
2
3
4
5
5
0
69
12
47
5
5
2009
1,427
764
229
46
98
13
2
11
23
36
287
10
55
8
29
16
2
83
6
4
1
8
6
2
5
0
2
1
2
1
0
1
64
10
33
12
8
2010
1,887
945
371
60
161
17
20
18
44
52
376
13
64
5
40
15
4
118
7
4
2
16
13
3
8
0
6
2
0
2
2
0
85
10
57
7
11

NOTES: Pollution mitigation includes recycling; control of air, solid waste, and water pollution; environmental remediation; cleaner coal; and capture and storage of carbon and other greenhouse gases. Technologies classified by The
Patent BoardTM. Patents fractionally allocated among regions/countries/economies based on proportion of residences of all named inventors. United States includes Puerto Rico. EU includes 27 member countries. China includes Hong
Kong and Macau. Detail may not add to total because of rounding or minor discrepancies. See appendix table 6-62 for full list of countries by region.
Appendix table 6-71

USPTO patents granted in fuel cells, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
104
44
16
0
10
0
1
0
3
2
33
0
2
0
2
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
1
8
1
0
1996
109
55
17
1
7
3
0
0
5
1
30
0
1
0
1
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
7
0
0
1997
93
46
17
0
6
2
1
1
5
2
22
0
1
0
1
0
0
7
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
3
2
0
1998
131
60
20
0
11
0
0
0
4
5
39
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
1
10
1
1
1999
173
101
27
0
20
3
1
0
3
0
31
0
3
0
2
1
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
1
7
3
0
2000
219
125
43
1
33
3
1
0
6
0
36
0
3
0
3
0
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
1
9
1
0
2001
281
166
38
2
33
1
2
0
0
0
55
0
2
0
2
0
0
20
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
2
12
6
0
2002
370
211
46
4
29
4
4
0
5
1
81
0
3
0
2
1
0
29
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
25
4
19
2
0
2003
476
251
69
1
56
2
2
0
5
3
111
1
4
0
4
0
0
40
2
2
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
36
0
35
1
0
2004
567
284
73
4
50
4
2
0
7
6
149
1
7
0
6
1
0
52
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
48
2
43
2
1
2005
518
249
63
1
44
3
2
0
7
6
143
0
10
0
7
3
0
52
2
2
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
48
1
45
2
0
2006
604
288
59
7
38
2
1
2
7
2
189
2
19
0
13
6
0
44
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
41
3
34
4
0
2007
533
241
74
10
50
2
3
0
6
3
169
2
21
1
14
5
0
26
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
2
25
0
0
2008
534
215
83
4
54
4
4
1
13
3
175
3
29
0
23
6
0
29
1
1
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
26
2
21
2
1
2009
677
245
76
8
46
3
1
0
10
8
250
5
67
0
51
16
0
34
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
32
2
27
2
0
2010
1,031
373
119
12
75
7
3
1
12
9
366
5
137
1
118
16
2
32
1
1
0
4
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
27
3
18
5
0

Appendix table 6-72

USPTO patents granted in nuclear energy, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
263
149
64
29
19
1
1
9
4
1
43
1
1
0
1
1
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
2
2
0
1996
257
145
61
27
16
0
0
8
7
3
45
0
2
0
2
0
0
5
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
1997
229
139
54
26
13
2
0
7
6
0
28
0
2
0
2
0
0
6
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
4
0
0
1998
278
157
76
39
22
0
0
3
10
3
35
0
4
0
4
0
0
7
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
2
3
1
1999
218
113
67
16
29
1
1
14
7
0
26
0
4
0
3
1
0
8
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
5
1
3
0
0
2000
144
63
39
15
16
1
0
4
2
2
35
0
3
0
3
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
2
0
0
2001
175
93
44
14
13
0
0
8
8
1
26
0
9
0
7
1
1
3
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
1
0
2002
180
86
46
17
13
0
0
10
7
0
31
0
5
0
3
2
0
11
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
5
0
1
2003
177
72
48
21
14
1
0
6
3
2
49
0
7
1
6
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
2004
145
67
31
10
6
1
0
4
6
4
34
0
9
0
9
0
0
4
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
0
1
2005
127
47
34
14
14
0
0
1
5
1
31
0
9
0
9
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
4
0
3
1
0
2006
93
48
20
11
6
0
0
2
1
1
16
0
4
0
4
1
0
6
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
3
1
2
0
0
2007
83
39
24
15
3
0
1
2
3
0
14
0
3
1
2
0
0
3
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
2008
83
43
22
10
9
0
0
1
1
1
14
0
3
0
3
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
2009
104
63
21
11
5
0
0
3
1
1
9
0
8
0
8
0
0
3
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0

2010
120
48
32
17
10
0
0
4
0
2
23
0
10
0
10
0
0
7
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
4
0
3
1
0
Appendix table 6-73

USPTO patents granted in air pollution control, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
701
344
143
19
78
3
8
8
16
12
178
0
5
0
1
4
0
31
4
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
24
0
17
6
1
1996
696
359
144
14
80
4
5
8
19
15
154
1
3
0
0
3
0
35
3
0
3
2
2
0
3
0
1
1
2
2
2
0
25
3
18
3
1
1997
685
330
135
17
75
7
4
6
12
14
178
0
12
1
3
7
1
30
5
0
5
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
24
7
11
5
2
1998
848
391
165
28
88
6
4
13
19
9
237
3
21
0
12
9
0
31
2
0
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
25
5
13
6
1
1999
826
375
184
27
94
6
11
11
21
14
214
0
15
0
7
8
0
38
5
0
5
1
1
0
3
0
0
0
3
2
2
0
28
4
14
7
3
2000
835
391
182
36
100
5
4
8
13
15
221
2
14
1
7
5
0
25
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
23
0
18
5
0
2001
908
418
211
35
120
6
9
12
10
18
217
2
25
1
12
11
1
36
2
2
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
32
1
17
5
8
2002
864
415
182
23
100
8
7
16
17
12
209
2
23
0
14
7
3
34
1
1
0
2
2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
31
2
23
5
1
2003
929
397
214
25
119
8
6
10
27
21
256
6
30
0
18
11
1
26
0
0
0
2
2
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
0
15
4
3
2004
896
385
175
19
103
6
4
12
18
13
285
2
24
1
15
7
1
25
1
1
0
2
1
1
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
21
1
16
2
2
2005
819
369
166
19
94
7
5
10
18
14
228
1
23
0
10
12
1
32
1
1
0
2
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
28
3
17
5
3
2006
822
376
164
14
99
5
2
10
21
13
238
2
17
0
12
6
0
25
3
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
20
0
17
1
3
2007
708
296
160
29
79
6
2
10
20
15
201
7
22
1
15
6
0
22
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
21
1
13
4
3
2008
719
325
147
30
72
5
3
12
15
10
199
4
21
1
15
5
0
23
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
20
0
17
1
2
2009
827
392
156
34
74
9
1
10
13
16
227
4
22
0
14
6
1
28
3
2
1
3
2
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
21
0
11
5
5
2010
1,076
499
228
31
124
3
11
9
27
22
283
6
29
1
18
8
1
32
3
2
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
24
1
18
2
3

Appendix table 6-74

USPTO patents granted in water pollution control, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
301
187
52
5
23
2
3
5
8
6
30
3
5
0
3
2
0
24
3
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
20
2
10
6
2
1996
312
190
54
9
18
0
8
2
7
10
33
0
7
0
4
2
1
28
1
0
1
1
1
0
2
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
24
3
19
2
1
1997
286
167
57
8
23
2
2
5
8
9
30
0
10
0
9
1
0
23
2
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
3
3
0
17
3
10
1
2
1998
332
194
56
5
21
3
2
7
8
11
27
1
25
1
18
6
1
29
4
0
4
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
22
0
18
1
3
1999
351
213
50
7
20
1
11
2
3
5
38
2
19
1
12
6
0
29
3
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
24
2
18
2
3
2000
385
226
63
7
25
5
2
7
5
12
45
3
9
1
5
3
0
40
1
0
1
4
1
3
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
32
3
26
3
1
2001
433
252
75
16
26
0
6
5
9
14
45
1
16
0
6
9
0
44
4
3
1
3
3
0
3
0
0
3
0
5
5
0
30
4
23
3
0
2002
373
202
66
14
20
2
9
4
5
13
37
1
25
1
17
7
0
42
2
2
0
5
2
3
2
0
0
1
1
2
2
0
31
6
25
0
0
2003
323
201
44
7
18
1
4
2
7
4
31
0
13
4
6
3
0
34
2
2
0
6
5
1
1
0
0
1
0
2
2
0
23
3
17
0
3
2004
299
183
38
5
9
1
4
5
4
10
32
1
18
0
11
5
2
26
1
1
0
3
2
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
20
6
14
1
0
2005
274
173
35
8
14
0
2
1
5
5
23
1
13
3
3
6
1
28
1
1
0
3
2
1
2
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
22
7
13
2
0
2006
287
178
30
7
7
1
1
3
7
4
35
3
16
2
8
6
0
25
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
20
2
16
0
2
2007
303
182
41
10
13
1
2
4
6
5
36
3
21
1
7
11
2
21
1
1
0
2
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
3
2
1
14
2
11
0
1
2008
281
164
36
8
8
4
1
3
4
8
28
3
20
1
5
13
2
30
2
2
0
3
3
0
2
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
22
6
15
0
1
2009
274
166
29
4
7
1
0
1
7
9
30
3
22
5
9
7
1
25
0
0
0
3
2
1
2
0
0
0
2
1
0
1
19
3
13
0
3

2010
319
180
53
11
13
5
2
8
4
11
36
5
14
1
11
2
0
30
2
1
1
8
7
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
20
5
11
1
4
Appendix table 6-75

USPTO patents granted in recycling, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
327
193
70
10
39
4
4
2
3
9
28
1
4
1
2
1
0
31
1
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
26
0
22
4
0
1996
338
217
69
5
34
4
4
3
6
13
24
0
4
0
1
2
1
24
2
0
2
2
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
19
7
11
2
0
1997
325
179
74
8
37
3
5
3
8
10
40
2
5
0
3
2
0
26
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
22
5
13
4
0
1998
395
203
79
7
36
8
6
4
9
9
61
3
10
0
3
6
1
39
3
0
3
3
3
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
31
4
19
7
1
1999
379
208
78
6
35
7
5
4
8
14
46
0
11
0
6
5
0
36
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
35
2
28
4
1
2000
322
161
68
12
26
7
3
5
4
11
58
0
9
1
4
3
1
27
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
24
2
14
8
1
2001
326
163
74
9
33
3
4
4
8
14
46
0
16
1
13
1
1
26
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
24
1
16
5
1
2002
303
144
68
9
23
4
3
4
7
19
53
2
12
1
6
4
1
23
0
0
0
1
1
0
5
0
2
3
0
0
0
0
17
2
15
0
0
2003
291
145
57
2
23
5
0
2
6
19
58
2
8
0
1
7
0
21
1
1
0
3
3
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
14
2
11
1
0
2004
266
117
46
3
21
6
0
1
5
10
57
2
15
2
7
5
1
29
1
0
1
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
24
3
16
3
3
2005
170
77
27
3
8
0
1
3
2
10
37
1
13
2
5
4
2
15
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
13
2
9
2
0
2006
167
62
28
1
7
3
3
3
2
10
46
3
6
0
2
3
1
21
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
18
0
12
3
3
2007
154
63
42
2
6
4
3
4
8
16
27
0
9
2
2
2
3
13
3
2
1
0
0
0
2
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
9
2
7
0
0
2008
120
51
17
0
4
1
1
1
2
8
23
0
8
1
3
4
0
20
2
2
0
2
2
0
1
0
0
1
0
3
3
0
12
3
9
0
0
2009
132
67
26
4
7
4
0
1
2
8
21
1
6
2
3
1
0
11
2
1
0
1
1
0
2
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
7
2
2
2
0

2010
186
85
40
8
7
8
0
1
3
13
33
1
6
1
2
2
1
21
2
1
0
3
2
1
4
0
2
2
0
1
1
0
12
0
8
3
1
Appendix table 6-76

USPTO patents granted in bioenergy, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
43
25
11
3
3
0
1
2
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
4
0
1
1996
62
41
13
1
5
2
0
0
2
3
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
1
0
1997
50
30
12
5
2
0
0
3
1
1
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
4
2
0
1998
95
59
18
2
7
0
1
1
3
4
5
0
1
0
0
1
0
13
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
10
0
7
3
0
1999
65
40
16
1
2
1
2
1
3
6
3
0
1
0
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
4
0
0
2000
71
38
16
3
7
1
2
2
0
1
8
0
1
0
1
0
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
1
6
1
0
2001
67
40
10
2
1
1
2
0
0
4
10
0
2
0
1
1
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
4
1
0
2002
78
37
18
1
7
1
0
3
0
6
10
0
4
0
3
1
0
10
1
1
0
2
2
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
5
1
3
1
0
2003
69
39
18
2
6
1
1
0
1
7
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
2
0
0
2004
62
33
13
0
4
0
3
2
2
2
6
0
2
0
1
1
0
8
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
1
3
2
0
2005
60
33
13
1
3
1
0
1
2
5
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
1
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
2006
69
41
14
2
3
2
0
1
2
4
6
0
1
0
0
1
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
6
0
0
2007
98
61
18
2
3
1
2
1
4
6
4
2
2
0
1
1
0
12
1
0
1
3
2
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
7
2
4
1
0
2008
100
56
20
1
5
3
2
1
4
5
9
1
3
0
0
3
0
13
0
0
0
2
2
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
10
1
7
1
1
2009
167
112
27
3
9
1
2
3
1
8
10
2
3
1
0
1
1
14
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
11
3
8
0
0

2010
222
149
35
6
8
5
2
0
4
10
13
1
8
1
3
4
0
16
2
1
1
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
1
11
0
1
Appendix table 6-77

USPTO patents granted in solar energy, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
210
113
17
2
9
0
0
1
3
2
64
1
1
0
0
1
0
14
1
0
1
6
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
2
1
4
1
1996
228
115
21
2
12
1
1
0
2
2
73
0
8
0
2
5
1
11
0
0
0
3
3
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
6
3
0
3
0
1997
210
99
24
1
14
1
0
0
3
5
65
1
2
0
0
2
0
19
0
0
0
4
4
0
1
0
0
1
0
2
2
0
13
4
5
2
2
1998
210
94
35
3
26
1
1
0
2
2
73
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
4
2
1
0
1999
276
120
40
6
24
1
0
1
4
4
75
0
13
0
5
7
1
28
0
0
0
5
5
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
21
10
3
6
2
2000
377
156
49
6
27
1
4
1
4
7
139
0
9
0
3
5
1
25
1
0
1
4
4
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
18
3
5
6
4
2001
386
149
47
1
29
2
5
2
2
6
166
1
4
0
0
4
0
20
1
1
0
6
6
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
3
2
8
0
2002
390
149
57
6
35
1
1
2
5
7
161
2
11
1
2
7
1
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
10
3
2
3
1
2003
372
137
55
5
29
2
5
2
6
7
149
1
7
0
5
1
1
23
1
0
1
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
10
7
4
0
2004
303
134
31
3
20
0
3
0
1
4
114
0
11
0
3
7
1
13
0
0
0
6
6
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
6
2
3
1
0
2005
244
109
39
3
20
1
3
1
4
7
71
1
8
1
1
6
0
17
1
0
1
2
2
0
2
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
11
2
4
5
0
2006
243
115
39
5
22
2
1
0
4
6
61
3
9
0
1
7
1
17
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
7
6
2
0
2007
252
136
36
3
15
1
5
1
4
7
54
3
11
1
4
6
0
12
0
0
0
4
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
3
3
2
0
2008
238
118
42
9
17
2
3
2
4
6
50
3
11
1
3
8
0
14
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
2
3
4
2
2009
353
200
43
7
25
0
1
0
4
7
54
4
28
1
10
14
3
24
2
1
1
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
18
10
6
1
1

2010
651
355
102
13
51
4
7
3
9
15
97
8
62
0
22
31
9
27
0
0
0
9
7
2
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
16
7
4
5
0
Appendix table 6-78

USPTO patents granted in hybrid and electric vehicles, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
129
54
8
1
6
0
0
1
0
0
58
1
2
0
0
2
0
7
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
2
3
1
1996
189
74
23
3
11
1
2
0
2
4
76
1
7
0
2
5
0
8
0
0
0
3
3
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
4
0
2
2
0
1997
188
69
26
1
18
1
0
2
4
0
82
0
5
0
4
1
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
3
3
0
1998
272
91
42
5
30
1
1
0
2
3
126
1
4
0
3
1
0
8
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
4
1
2
1999
271
77
26
2
19
3
0
0
1
1
154
0
3
0
2
1
0
12
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
4
6
0
2000
247
75
28
4
19
1
0
1
1
2
131
1
6
0
4
2
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
1
4
0
1
2001
313
97
43
6
29
5
0
1
2
0
152
0
6
0
3
2
1
15
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
13
2
6
5
0
2002
400
117
52
10
25
5
1
6
3
3
219
0
6
0
3
3
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
4
0
1
2003
384
123
50
3
36
1
2
4
2
3
188
0
8
0
1
7
0
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
2
12
0
1
2004
353
104
48
6
31
1
0
5
4
1
178
0
13
0
6
7
0
11
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
9
1
4
4
1
2005
365
117
48
6
28
1
0
7
2
4
180
0
11
0
8
2
1
9
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
0
7
1
0
2006
423
150
38
3
28
3
1
0
3
0
212
2
11
0
5
6
0
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
1
6
3
0
2007
388
144
45
7
29
1
1
2
2
3
176
1
12
1
8
3
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
1
7
2
0
2008
377
134
51
6
41
0
1
2
1
1
166
2
15
0
11
4
0
8
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
3
2
1
2009
395
139
44
5
30
1
2
1
2
3
178
2
29
0
19
10
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
1
0

2010
532
215
68
12
44
3
1
5
1
4
199
4
36
1
26
9
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
1
8
1
0
Appendix table 6-79

USPTO patents granted in wind energy, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
28
19
5
0
1
0
0
0
1
3
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
1
0
1996
34
25
5
0
2
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
1997
29
16
4
0
1
0
1
1
0
1
3
0
1
0
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
0
1
1998
34
20
7
0
2
0
0
0
2
3
1
0
3
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
0
1
1999
28
17
3
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
3
0
1
1
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
0
3
0
0
2000
55
31
7
0
4
0
2
0
0
1
4
0
2
0
0
2
0
11
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
7
0
3
2001
58
32
17
3
4
0
1
2
2
5
6
0
1
0
1
0
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
2002
65
33
21
0
12
1
1
1
0
6
4
0
3
0
0
3
0
4
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
2003
69
31
28
1
10
0
2
4
0
11
3
1
2
0
1
1
0
4
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
2004
98
41
36
1
20
0
2
0
2
11
5
0
4
0
1
3
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
11
3
7
1
0
2005
137
59
56
6
30
1
1
2
3
13
8
1
5
0
3
2
0
9
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
6
0
1
2006
151
74
42
2
29
0
0
2
2
7
16
1
6
0
4
1
1
12
0
0
0
2
2
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
8
1
7
0
1
2007
174
80
68
3
39
1
3
1
6
15
14
1
5
0
0
5
0
6
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
5
1
2
0
2
2008
197
92
63
0
42
3
3
1
4
12
18
2
10
2
2
6
0
13
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
1
7
1
2
2009
221
82
102
0
66
3
3
1
6
23
12
3
12
1
4
7
1
10
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
8
1
7
0
0
2010
355
153
139
1
71
2
6
0
4
55
19
14
8
2
3
3
0
23
0
0
0
5
4
1
1
0
0
1
0
2
2
0
15
3
11
1
1

Appendix table 6-80

USPTO patents granted in battery technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
124
62
10
2
1
0
0
0
5
2
36
1
0
0
0
0
0
16
0
0
0
7
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
5
0
4
1
0
1996
189
94
15
5
6
0
0
1
2
1
58
0
7
0
3
4
0
17
1
0
1
5
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
11
0
0
1997
229
89
19
7
5
2
0
0
2
3
95
0
10
0
8
1
1
17
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
14
0
13
1
0
1998
239
94
14
3
3
2
0
0
1
5
108
0
10
0
7
3
0
14
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
10
0
10
0
0
1999
213
84
16
5
6
0
1
0
2
1
90
1
11
0
9
2
0
12
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
8
0
8
0
0
2000
285
87
22
8
11
2
0
0
1
0
144
3
14
0
11
3
0
15
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
1
12
0
1
2001
299
101
18
5
4
2
1
1
2
3
140
1
23
0
20
3
0
16
1
1
0
3
3
0
2
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
10
0
9
0
1
2002
347
96
28
11
9
1
3
0
2
3
181
0
30
0
29
1
0
12
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
1
7
1
1
2003
334
85
29
7
10
1
3
1
4
4
181
0
29
0
29
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
4
5
1
0
2004
325
81
23
5
12
1
1
0
3
2
173
2
38
0
34
2
1
8
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
6
1
5
0
0
2005
224
62
15
2
6
1
0
0
3
3
107
0
31
1
28
2
0
9
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
7
0
1
2006
251
65
9
1
2
0
0
2
3
2
127
2
42
0
38
4
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
1
3
2
0
2007
247
63
10
2
4
1
0
1
2
0
128
0
40
0
38
1
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
1
3
1
1
2008
235
55
10
3
1
0
0
1
2
3
125
2
35
0
34
1
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
1
0
7
2
5
0
0
2009
333
73
10
3
3
0
0
0
2
1
150
2
82
0
74
8
0
17
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
14
2
11
0
1

2010
547
104
34
16
9
3
0
1
3
2
219
13
165
0
153
12
0
12
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
4
0
8
0
5
1
2
Appendix table 6-81

USPTO patents granted in hydrogen production and storage, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
54
23
8
1
2
2
0
0
3
0
18
1
1
0
0
1
0
3
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
1996
76
35
13
4
2
3
0
0
1
3
21
1
4
0
2
1
1
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1997
73
31
7
2
2
1
1
0
0
1
24
0
6
0
5
1
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
3
2
0
0
1998
89
34
12
1
6
0
2
0
1
3
35
0
2
0
2
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
2
3
0
1
1999
111
43
12
4
4
1
0
0
1
3
40
0
6
0
6
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
1
7
0
2
2000
114
50
14
3
7
0
0
0
2
1
40
1
4
0
4
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
4
1
1
2001
156
71
30
7
14
0
0
1
5
3
44
1
4
0
3
1
0
7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
0
5
1
1
2002
140
70
22
3
9
2
0
0
3
5
38
0
5
0
4
0
1
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
0
0
2003
169
86
19
2
12
0
1
0
2
1
49
1
3
1
1
1
0
12
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12
0
11
0
1
2004
187
104
25
2
16
0
2
1
1
2
44
0
1
0
0
1
0
13
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
0
10
0
2
2005
161
77
23
1
13
1
5
0
1
2
42
0
3
0
1
1
1
15
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
2
8
1
2
2006
192
107
18
2
7
2
0
1
6
0
51
0
2
0
1
1
0
14
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
12
0
11
1
0
2007
179
95
19
4
10
0
0
0
5
0
43
1
13
1
5
5
2
10
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
2
4
1
2
2008
193
118
25
4
6
1
8
0
3
2
39
1
4
0
2
2
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
2
3
1
1
2009
198
109
28
7
12
1
1
0
3
5
41
0
7
0
5
2
0
12
1
1
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
2
6
0
0

2010
278
166
30
5
16
4
0
1
3
1
44
1
21
2
13
6
0
16
1
1
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13
1
8
2
2
Appendix table 6-82

USPTO patents granted in cleaner coal technology, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
64
43
12
2
2
0
1
1
2
3
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
3
1
0
1996
73
49
11
1
4
1
1
0
3
1
8
0
1
1
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
5
0
0
1997
82
45
15
2
3
1
1
1
3
5
15
1
1
0
1
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
4
2
2
0
0
1998
85
52
6
0
4
0
0
1
1
0
17
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
1
4
1
1
1999
68
42
11
2
5
1
0
2
0
1
10
0
2
0
1
1
0
3
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
2000
72
46
8
4
3
0
0
0
1
0
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
2
0
1
0
2001
57
29
7
0
3
1
1
1
0
1
18
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
1
1
0
2002
52
37
8
3
4
0
0
1
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
0
2003
71
51
8
1
6
0
0
0
0
1
6
0
1
0
1
0
0
6
1
1
0
2
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
2004
54
35
5
2
2
0
1
0
0
1
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
2005
60
42
4
2
3
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
5
1
2
0
2
2006
48
33
4
0
2
0
1
0
0
1
5
0
1
0
1
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
5
1
4
0
0
2007
35
28
5
3
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
1
0
0
2008
54
38
7
1
2
1
0
0
1
2
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
4
1
3
0
0
2009
85
57
11
2
5
0
0
2
0
2
6
0
1
0
1
0
0
10
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
2
2
5
1

2010
158
111
19
3
5
0
5
1
5
0
14
2
6
2
4
0
0
7
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5
2
3
0
0
Appendix table 6-83

USPTO patents granted in capture and storage of carbon and other greenhouse gases, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
41
21
9
0
4
1
1
0
3
1
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
0
1
1996
39
27
7
3
0
0
1
0
3
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1997
57
31
6
0
1
0
0
0
5
0
14
0
1
0
1
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
1998
49
23
11
4
4
0
1
0
2
0
11
0
2
0
1
1
0
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
1
0
1
1999
70
42
12
5
1
1
1
1
4
0
10
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
4
1
3
0
0
2000
71
44
10
4
5
0
0
0
2
0
13
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
3
1
0
2001
80
50
13
7
1
1
0
0
3
1
11
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
4
0
2
0
2
2002
87
50
19
11
6
1
1
0
0
1
14
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
3
1
1
1
0
2003
98
57
20
8
3
0
0
0
7
2
13
0
2
0
2
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
3
1
2
2004
65
36
9
3
2
1
2
0
1
0
16
0
2
0
0
1
1
3
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
2005
72
40
11
7
1
0
2
0
1
0
11
0
1
0
0
1
0
9
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
7
0
4
1
2
2006
61
33
12
4
3
0
0
0
5
0
8
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
1
5
2
0
2007
62
31
16
7
5
0
2
0
2
0
7
0
2
0
2
0
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
6
0
3
0
3
2008
74
46
20
4
7
1
3
0
5
1
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
0
2
1
1
2009
96
56
15
4
8
0
1
0
1
2
16
0
1
0
1
0
0
8
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
2
2
0
3
2010
152
88
31
10
7
0
6
0
6
1
12
1
6
1
4
1
0
15
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
15
0
12
0
3

Appendix table 6-84

USPTO patents granted in solid waste control, by region/country/economy: 19952010
World
United States
EU
France
Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
All others
Japan
China
Asia-8
India
South Korea
Taiwan
All others
All others
Russia
All others
Israel
All others
Argentina
Brazil
Mexico
All others
Sub-Saharan Africa
South Africa
All others
All others
Australia
Canada
Switzerland
All others
1995
304
180
55
7
29
3
1
4
5
5
34
2
9
1
2
5
1
24
0
0
0
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
21
3
13
5
1
1996
311
201
50
7
26
5
1
2
5
4
30
0
6
0
4
2
0
25
0
0
0
1
1
0
2
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
22
1
17
4
0
1997
283
167
57
10
28
4
2
4
4
7
32
0
7
0
2
3
2
20
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
18
6
8
3
1
1998
332
185
64
13
21
5
2
5
7
12
39
1
17
0
6
9
2
25
4
0
4
0
0
0
2
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
20
2
7
11
1
1999
263
147
58
7
21
2
2
7
10
10
31
0
8
0
3
5
0
19
2
0
2
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
16
3
8
6
0
2000
235
119
56
8
30
0
4
1
8
5
33
1
2
0
0
2
0
24
2
0
2
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
22
2
14
6
0
2001
219
111
39
4
9
3
2
5
6
11
38
1
10
0
5
5
0
20
3
3
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16
2
8
7
0
2002
239
118
45
10
9
4
1
2
8
11
37
0
11
0
6
4
1
27
1
1
0
2
2
0
4
1
0
2
1
0
0
0
20
4
11
4
1
2003
178
81
40
7
14
2
3
1
5
10
33
1
9
0
2
6
0
14
2
2
0
2
2
0
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
9
3
6
0
0
2004
163
74
33
5
14
1
2
2
3
7
30
1
5
1
4
0
0
20
2
2
0
2
2
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
15
3
9
2
1
2005
137
68
26
8
6
2
0
2
1
7
17
2
5
1
0
4
0
19
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
16
1
10
2
3
2006
140
75
24
5
9
1
1
1
5
2
19
3
6
0
4
2
0
13
1
1
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
3
6
1
0
2007
101
55
21
7
4
2
1
1
5
1
13
1
2
0
1
1
0
10
2
2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
8
2
6
0
0
2008
116
61
20
4
4
0
1
2
4
5
14
1
6
1
4
1
0
13
1
1
0
1
1
0
2
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
8
1
4
3
0
2009
104
68
15
3
6
1
0
0
2
3
3
2
5
0
2
3
0
12
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
9
2
6
1
0

2010
129
59
29
3
10
2
1
1
6
6
10
1
12
0
6
3
2
18
1
0
0
4
3
1
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
0
11
1
6
2
2
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Appendix table 7-4

Public interest in selected issues: 19812010
(Percent)
Issue
New medical discoveries
Very interested
Moderately interested
Not at all interested
Don't know/refused to answer
Local school issues
Very interested
Environmental pollution
Very interested
Economic issues and business conditions
Very interested
New scientific discoveries
Very interested
Use of new inventions and technologies
Very interested
Military and defense policy
Very interested
Agricultural and farm issues
Very interested
1981
(n = 3,193)
1983
(n = 1,631)
1985
(n = 2,003)
1988
(n = 2,041)
1990
(n = 2,005)
1992
(n = 1,995)
1995
(n = 2,006)
1997
(n = 2,000)
1999
(n = 1,882)
2001
(n = 1,574)
2008
(n = 2,021)
2010
(n = 1,461)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
68
29
3
0
72
25
3
*
68
29
3
0
66
31
3
*
69
27
4
*
70
26
4
*
68
28
4
*
65
32
4
0
58
36
6
1
60
35
5
1
46
36
18
*
46
36
18
*
47
39
14
*
51
33
15
*
50
34
16
0
54
35
12
*
57
31
12
*
58
30
11
*
54
34
12
*
59
31
10
*
46
40
15
*
54
36
9
1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
64
31
5
*
59
36
5
*
52
41
6
*
52
40
8
*
51
41
8
*
48
43
8
0
47
42
10
1
46
46
7
1
52
37
10
*
57
33
10
1
48
41
11
*
48
42
10
*
51
40
10
*
56
36
8
*
47
42
11
0
47
42
11
*
42
45
13
*
45
45
10
*
46
43
11
*
44
45
10
1
37
45
17
*
48
41
11
*
44
43
12
*
43
46
12
0
39
49
12
0
36
49
15
*
44
45
11
*
49
42
9
*
45
43
11
1
47
45
8
*
38
47
15
*
41
50
8
1
33
51
16
*
42
45
12
*
39
49
12
*
40
49
12
*
39
49
12
*
37
53
10
*
43
46
11
*
47
43
10
*
41
48
10
*
42
47
10
1
40
46
13
*
40
48
10
1
NA
NA
NA
NA
43
42
15
1
47
42
11
*
47
42
11
*
55
35
9
*
47
43
10
*
37
46
17
*
35
48
18
*
42
44
14
*
38
44
18
*
38
47
15
1
37
47
15
1
24
47
29
*
NA
NA
NA
NA
30
48
22
*
40
45
15
0
24
48
28
0
NA
NA
NA
NA
21
53
26
1
24
50
26
*
22
50
28
*
29
46
25
*
22
52
26
*
25
55
20
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Appendix table 7-4

Public interest in selected issues: 19812010
(Percent)
Issue
Space exploration
Very interested
International and foreign policy issues
Very interested
1981
(n = 3,193)
1983
(n = 1,631)
1985
(n = 2,003)
1988
(n = 2,041)
1990
(n = 2,005)
1992
(n = 1,995)
1995
(n = 2,006)
1997
(n = 2,000)
1999
(n = 1,882)
2001
(n = 1,574)
2008
(n = 2,021)
2010
(n = 1,461)
25
43
31
*
27
45
28
*
29
46
25
0
34
44
22
1
26
48
26
0
22
50
28
*
25
49
26
*
32
45
22
1
28
46
25
1
26
47
27
*
21
45
34
*
23
49
27
1
35
47
18
*
30
47
22
*
33
51
16
*
33
50
16
*
48
39
12
*
38
47
15
*
21
53
26
*
23
50
28
*
30
47
23
*
28
49
22
*
23
48
29
1
22
48
29
2
NA = not available, question not asked; * = <0.5% responded

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SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Public Attitudes Toward and Understanding of Science and Technology (19812001); and University of Chicago, National Opinion
Research Center, General Social Survey (200810).
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Appendix table 7-6

Visitors to informal science and other cultural institutions: 19812008
(Percent)
1981
(n = 1,235)
1983
(n = 1,631)
1985
(n = 2,003)
1988
(n = 2,041)
1990
(n = 2,005)
1992
(n = 1,995)
1995
(n = 2,006)
1997
(n = 2,000)
1999
(n = 1,882)
2001
(n = 1,574)
2008
(n = 2,021)
Zoo/aquarium
64
49
48
51
51
54
52
51
51
58
52
Natural history museum
37
29
29
30
30
31
29
30
27
30
28
Science/technology museum
39
26
24
26
25
21
28
27
30
30
27
Any informal science institutiona

Public library
72
61
58
59
59
62
61
60
61
66
61
NA
NA
67
68
65
69
69
70
72
75
64
Art museum
43
32
31
33
31
29
31
30
30
32
34
Institution
Informal science institution
NA = not available, question not asked

aVisited
zoo/aquarium, natural history museum, or science/technology museum at least once.
NOTES: Responses to I am going to read you a short list of places and ask you to tell me how many times you visited each type of place during the last year, that is, the last 12 months. Table includes all years for which
data collected. Percentages indicate individuals who visited institution at least once. Percentages based on total in sample, including those who responded "don't know" or refused to respond.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Public Attitudes Toward and Understanding of Science and Technology (19812001); and University of Chicago,
National Opinion Research Center, General Social Survey (2008).
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Appendix table 7-9

Correct answers to factual knowledge questions in physical and biological sciences: 19852010
(Percent)
Question
Physical science
1. The center of the Earth is very hot. (True)
2. The continents on which we live have been
moving their locations for millions of years and
will continue to move in the future. (True)
1985
(n = 2,003)
1988
(n = 2,041)
1990
(n = 2,005)
1992
(n = 1,995)
1995
(n = 2,006)
1997
(n = 2,000)
1999
(n = 1,882)
2001
(n = 1,574)
2004
(n = 2,025)
2006
(n = 1,864)
2008
(n = 2,021)
2010
(n = 1,932)
NA
80
79
81
78
82
80
80
78
80
84
84
79
80
77
79
78
78
80
79
77
80
78
80
3a. Does the Earth go around the Sun, or does the

Sun go around the Earth? (Earth around Sun)
NA
73
73
71
73
73
72
75
71
76
72
73
3b. How long does it take for the Earth to go

around the Sun? (One year)a
NA
45
48
46
47
48
49
54
NA
55
52
52
NA
NA
NA
65
43
36
63
41
37
73
46
37
72
44
40
71
43
39
71
46
43
76
48
45
73
45
42
70
53
45
71
54
49
67
51
47
NA
54
32
38
35
32
33
33
40
33
33
38
Biological science
1a. It is the fathers gene that decides whether the
baby is a boy or a girl. (True)
NA
NA
NA
65
64
62
66
65
62
64
62b
61
1b. It is the mothers gene that decides whether

the baby is a boy or a girl. (False)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
72b
NA
2. Antibiotics kill viruses as well as bacteria.

(False)
NA
25
30
35
40
43
45
51
54
56
54
50
3. Human beings, as we know them today,

developed from earlier species of animals. (True)
45
46
45
45
44
44
45
53
50
43
46
47
4. All radioactivity is man-made. (False)

5. Electrons are smaller than atoms. (True)
6. Lasers work by focusing sound waves. (False)
7. The universe began with a huge explosion.
(True)

aQuestion asked
only of survey respondents who answered correctly that the Earth goes around the Sun. Individuals who responded incorrectly that the Sun goes around the Earth also count as having responded incorrectly to
question on length of the Earth's revolution around the Sun.
bQuestion about "mother's gene" asked of 515 survey respondents. Question about "father's gene" asked of 1,506 respondents.
NOTES: Table includes all years for which data collected. "Don't know" responses and refusals to respond count as incorrect.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Public Attitudes Toward and Understanding of Science and Technology (19852001); University of Michigan, Survey of
Consumer Attitudes (2004); and University of Chicago, National Opinion Research Center, General Social Survey (200610).
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The center of the

Earth is very hot.
The continents on which we live

have been moving their locations
for millions of years and will
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Does the Earth go

around the Sun, or
does the Sun go
around the Earth?
How long does it take for

the Earth to go around
the Sun: one day, one
month, or one year? D
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gene that decides
whether the baby
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as well as bacteria.
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know them today,
developed from earlier
species of animals.
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better materials. 7UXH
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often differ fundamentally and
unexpectedly from the properties of the
same materials at larger scales. 7UXH
Nanotechnology
knowledge index D

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The North Pole is
likely than climate Have the polar ice
on a sheet of ice The sun never change to make caps gotten larger
shines at the
polar bears or smaller over the
that floats on the
Arctic Ocean.
last 25 years?
South Pole. become extinct.
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Appendix table 7-13

Correct answers to scientific process questions: 19902010
(Percent)
Question
Understanding of scientific inquirya
1990
(n = 2,005)
1992
(n = 1,995)
1995
(n = 2,006)
1997
(n = 2,000)
1999
(n = 1,882)
2001
(n = 1,574)
2004
(n = 2,025)
2006
(n = 1,864)
2008
(n =2,021)
2010
(n = 1,454)
NA
NA
26
34
32
40
39
41
36
42
61
78
81
70
81
NA
18
64
80
83
71
83
NA
21
63
77
81
72
79
26
16
62
78
80
71
79
36
23
64
78
82
74
81
34
21
67
78
84
75
84
40
26
64
NA
82
73
NA
46
23
69
NA
86
75
NA
42
25
64
NA
82
72
NA
38
23
66
NA
81
75
NA
51
18
Components of understanding scientific inquiry scale

Understanding of probabilityb
If the first three children are healthy, the fourth child will have illness.
If the first child has illness, the next three will not.
Each of the couple's children will have the same risk of illness.
If the couple has only three children, none will have illness.
Understanding of experimentc
Understanding of scientific studyd
aTo be classified as understanding scientific inquiry, survey respondent had to (1) answer correctly the two probability questions stated in footnote b and (2) either provide theory-testing response to open-ended question about what
it means to study something scientifically (see note d) or correct response to open-ended question about experiment, i.e., explain why it is better to test a drug using a control group (see note c).
bTo be classified as understanding probability, survey respondent had to answer correctly A doctor tells a couple that their genetic makeup means that theyve got one in four chances of having a child with an inherited illness.
(1) Does this mean that if their first child has the illness, the next three will not have the illness? (No) and (2) Does this mean that each of the couples children will have the same risk of suffering from the illness? (Yes).
cTo be classified as understanding experiment, survey respondent had to answer correctly (1) Two scientists want to know if a certain drug is effective against high blood pressure. The first scientist wants to give the drug to 1,000
people with high blood pressure and see how many of them experience lower blood pressure levels. The second scientist wants to give the drug to 500 people with high blood pressure and not give the drug to another 500 people with
high blood pressure, and see how many in both groups experience lower blood pressure levels. Which is the better way to test this drug? and (2) Why is it better to test the drug this way? (The second way because a control group is
used for comparison.)
dTo be classified as understanding scientific study, survey respondent had to answer (1) When you read news stories, you see certain sets of words and terms. We are interested in how many people recognize certain kinds of terms.
First, some articles refer to the results of a scientific study. When you read or hear the term scientific study, do you have a clear understanding of what it means, a general sense of what it means, or little understanding of what it
means? and (2) (If "clear understanding" or "general sense" response) In your own words, could you tell me what it means to study something scientifically? (Formulation of theories/test hypothesis, experiments/control group, or
rigorous/systematic comparison.)
NOTES: Table includes all years for which data collected. "Don't know" responses and refusals to respond count as incorrect.
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Correct answers to questions about charts and statistics, reasoning/life sciences, and understanding of experiment/controlling variables, by respondent characteristic: 2008
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Day-night rhythms dramatically affect our

bodies. Probably no body system is more
influenced than the nervous system. The figure
on Card 3 illustrates the number of errors
made by shift workers in different portions of
the 24-hour cycle. Based on the data
illustrated in the figure, during which of these
time periods did the most errors occur?
5HDVRQLQJOLIHVFLHQFHV
As part of a laboratory experiment, five

students measured the weight of the same
leaf four times. They recorded 20 slightly
different weights. All of the work was done
carefully and correctly. Their goal was to
be as accurate as possible and reduce
error in the experiment to a minimum.
Which of the following is the BEST method
The two objects shown on Card 1 have

the same mass, but object B loses
heat more quickly than object A.
Which combination of bodily features
would be BEST suited to a small
animal that lives in a cold climate and
A gardener has an idea that a plant needs

sand in the soil for healthy growth. In
order to test her idea she uses two pots
of plants. She sets up one pot of plants
as shown on the top part of Card 4.
Which one of the pictures on the bottom
part of the card shows what she should
to report the weight of the leaf? a
needs to minimize heat loss? b
use for the second pot? c

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A student wants to find out if temperature

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fish bowls and 20 goldfish. Which of the
experiments on Card 2 should he do?
Card 5 shows a picture of lights

shining above 4 fish bowls. The water
temperature in all 4 bowls is 25
degrees Celsius. There are 8 fish in
one bowl; 6 in another; 4 in another;
and 2 in another. What is the scientist
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sand in the soil for healthy growth. In order to
test her idea she uses two pots of plants.
She sets up one pot of plants as shown on
the top part of Card 4. Which one of the
pictures on the bottom part of the card shows
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affects the behavior of goldfish. He has 4
fish bowls and 20 goldfish. Which of the
experiments on Card 2 should he do?
Card 5 shows a picture of lights

shining above 4 fish bowls. The water
temperature in all 4 bowls is 25
degrees Celsius. There are 8 fish in
one bowl; 6 in another; 4 in another;
and 2 in another. What is the scientist
trying to find out from this experiment?
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sand in the soil for healthy growth. In order to
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Appendix table 7-16

Comparison of correct answers given by adults and students to scientific process questions
(Percent)
Process question
1. Please look at Card A. A gardener has an idea
that a plant needs sand in the soil for healthy
growth. In order to test her idea she uses two pots
of plants. She sets up one pot of plants as shown
on the top part of the card. Which one of the
pictures on the bottom part of the card shows what
she should use for the second pot? a
2a. Please look at Card 5. What is the scientist trying
to find out from this experiment?
2b. (Follow-up to question 2a) Why did you choose
that answer?
Student
Field of study
U.S. adult
2008 General
Social Survey
United States
International
Life sciences
51
70
58
Life sciences
40
38
NA
Life sciences
38
46
NA
Question source
TIMSS Science
2003, 8th grade
AAAS Project
2061
AAAS Project
2061

AAAS = American Association for the Advancement of Science; TIMSS = Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study
aRespondent can
answer this question by using knowledge of experiment/controlling variable or knowledge in the life sciences.
NOTES: Questions appeared in 2008 General Social Survey. Original sources of questions are TIMSS and AAAS Project 2061. For complete questions,
see appendix table 7-17. For U.S. adult responses by respondent characteristic, see appendix table 7-15.
SOURCES: University of Chicago, National Opinion Research Center, General Social Survey (2008); TIMSS, http://nces.ed.gov/timss/results03.asp;
Deboer GE and Gogos A, unpublished results of national field test assessing middle school students understanding of controlling variables, AAAS
Project 2061.
Appendix table 7-17

New science knowledge questions
These questions were included in the 2008 General Social

Survey to assess different aspects of science and technology knowledge. Answers are bold. The factual knowledge
questions (questions 1, 35, and 711) are combined into
factual knowledge of science, scale 2 in appendix table
7-18; see also chapter table 7-8. Other questions test a persons knowledge of charts and statistics (questions 12 and
13), use of reasoning skills or knowledge of life sciences
(questions 2 and 14), and understanding of the experiment/
controlling variables concept (questions 6 and 1416); see
appendix tables 7-15 and 7-16. The correct answer for question 14 can be reached by using reasoning skills, knowledge
of life sciences, or understanding of the experiment/controlling variables concept.
Opening script: Now, we are going to do some more
detailed questions on science and technology. Scientists and
educators are interested in how familiar adults are with the
things being taught in todays schools. Many of these questions are likely to concern things that werent taught or emphasized when you were in school. Some of the questions
involve pictures or graphs.
1. What property of water is most important for living
organisms?
A) It is odorless.
B) It does not conduct electricity.
C) It is tasteless.
D) It is liquid at most temperatures on Earth.
2. Please look at Card 1. The two objects shown there
have the same mass, but object B loses heat more quickly
than object A.
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Which combination of bodily features would be BEST

suited to a small animal that lives in a cold climate and needs
to minimize heat loss?
A) Long ears and a long body.
B) Small ears and a short tail.
C) A long nose and a long tail.
D) A short nose and large ears.
E) A long tail and a short nose.
3. Which of the following is a key factor that enables an

airplane to lift?
A) Air pressure beneath the wing is greater than that
above the wing.
B) Pressure within the airplane is greater that that of the
outside.
C) Engine power is greater than that of friction.
D) The planes wing is lighter than air.
4. Lightning and thunder happen at the same time, but
you see the lightning before you hear the thunder. Explain
why this is so.
A correct response indicates that light travels faster
than sound so the light gets to your eye before the sound
reaches your ear.
5. A solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in water will
turn blue litmus paper red. A solution of the base sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in water will turn red litmus paper blue. If
the acid and base solutions are mixed in the right proportion,
the resulting solution will cause neither red nor blue litmus
paper to change color.
A correct response refers to a neutralization or a
chemical reaction that results in products that do not react with litmus paper.
6. Please look at Card 2. A student wants to find out if
temperature affects the behavior of goldfish. He has 4 fish
bowls and 20 goldfish. Which of the experiments on Card 2
should he do? Correct answer: A.
7. A farmer thinks that the vegetables on her farm are not
getting enough water. Her son suggests that they use water
from the nearby ocean to water the vegetables. Is this a good
idea?
A) Yes, because there is plenty of ocean water.
B) Yes, because ocean water has many natural fertilizers.
C) No, because ocean water is too salty for plants
grown on land.
D) No, because ocean water is much more polluted than
rainwater.
8. Which one of the following is NOT an example of
erosion?
A) The wind in the desert blows sand against a rock.
B) A glacier picks up boulders as it moves.
C) A flood washes over a riverbank, and the water carries small soil particles downstream.
D) An icy winter causes the pavement in a road to
crack.
Appendix table 7-17

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11. For which reason may people experience shortness

of breath more quickly at the top of a mountain than along
a seashore?
A) A slower pulse rate.
B) A greater gravitational force on the body.
C) A lower percent of oxygen in the blood.
D) A faster heartbeat.
E) A slower circulation of blood.
12. Please look at Card 3. Day-night rhythms dramatically affect our bodies. Probably no body system is more
influenced than the nervous system. The figure on Card 3
illustrates the number of errors made by shift workers in different portions of the 24-hour cycle.
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9. Traits are transferred from generation to generation

through the
A) sperm only.
B) egg only.
C) sperm and egg.
D) testes.
10. How do most fish get the oxygen they need to survive?
A) They take in water and break it down into hydrogen
and oxygen.
B) Using their gills, they take in oxygen that is dissolved in water.
C) They get their oxygen from the food they eat.
D) They come to the surface every few minutes to
breathe air into their lungs.
Based on the data illustrated in the figure, during which

of these time periods did the most errors occur?
A) 2 A.M. to 4 A.M.
B) 8 A.M. to 10 A.M.
C) 12 P.M. to 2 P.M.
D) 2 P.M. to 4 P.M.
E) 8 P.M. to 10 P.M.
13. As part of a laboratory experiment, five students measured the weight of the same leaf four times. They recorded
20 slightly different weights. All of the work was done carefully and correctly. Their goal was to be as accurate as possible and reduce error in the experiment to a minimum.
Which of the following is the BEST method to report the
weight of the leaf?
A) Ask the teacher to weigh the leaf.
B) Report the first measurement.
C) Average all of the weights that were recorded.
D) Average the highest and lowest weights recorded.
E) Discard the lowest five weights.
Appendix table 7-17

14. Please look at Card 4. A gardener has an idea that a

plant needs sand in the soil for healthy growth. In order to
test her idea she uses two pots of plants. She sets up one pot
of plants as shown on the top part of the card. Which one of
the pictures on the bottom part of the card shows what she
should use for the second pot? Correct answer is E.
15. Please look at Card 5. What is the scientist trying to

find out from this experiment?
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A) If the number of fish in the fish bowl affects the

behavior of the fish.
B) If the temperature of the fish bowl affects the behavior of the fish.
C) If the temperature and the amount of light affect the
behavior of the fish.
D) If the number of fish, the temperature, and the
amount of light affect the behavior of the fish.
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Which ONE of the following should she use for the second pot of plants?
(
16. Why did you choose that answer?

A) Because I already know what affects the behavior of
fish.
B) Because that is what is allowed to change in
this experiment.
C) Because that is what stays the same in this
experiment.
D) Because that is what the scientist decided to
include in this experiment.
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SOURCE: University of Chicago, National Opinion Research Center, General Social Survey (2008).
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Correct answers to scientific terms and concept questions in "factual knowledge of science, scale 2," by respondent characteristic: 2008
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Which one of the
following is NOT an
example of erosion?
Traits are transferred

from generation to
generation through the
How do most fish get the oxygen

they need to survive?
What property of water

is most important for
living organisms?
Which of the following is a

key factor that enables an
airplane to lift?

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For which reason

may people experience
shortness of breath
more quickly at the top
of a mountain than
along a seashore?
A farmer thinks that the

vegetables on her farm are
not getting enough water.
Her son suggests that they
use water from the nearby
ocean to water the vegetables.
Is this a good idea?
A solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl)

in water will turn blue litmus paper red.
A solution of the base sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) in water will turn red litmus paper
blue. If the acid and base solutions are
mixed in the right proportion, the resulting
solution will cause neither red nor blue
litmus paper to change color. Explain
why the litmus paper does not change
color in the mixed solution.

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happen at the same time,
but you see the lightning
before you hear the thunder.
Explain why this is so.
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For which reason

may people experience
shortness of breath
more quickly at the top
of a mountain than
along a seashore?
A farmer thinks that the

vegetables on her farm are
not getting enough water.
Her son suggests that they
use water from the nearby
ocean to water the vegetables.
Is this a good idea?
A solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl)

in water will turn blue litmus paper red.
A solution of the base sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) in water will turn red litmus paper
blue. If the acid and base solutions are
mixed in the right proportion, the resulting
solution will cause neither red nor blue
litmus paper to change color. Explain
why the litmus paper does not change
color in the mixed solution.

Lightning and thunder

happen at the same time,
but you see the lightning
before you hear the thunder.
Explain why this is so.
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Appendix table 7-19

Public assessment of astrology, by respondent characteristic: 19792010
(Percent)
Characteristic
All adults
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Not at all scientific
Don't know
Sex
Male
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Don't know
Female
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Don't know
Formal education
<High school
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Don't know
High school graduate
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Don't know
Baccalaureate
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Don't know
Graduate/professional degree
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Don't know
Age (years)
1824
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
1979
1983
1985
1988
1990
1992
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2006
2008
2010
(n = 1,635) (n = 1,631) (n = 2,003) (n = 2,041) (n = 2,005) (n = 1,995) (n = 2,006) (n = 2,000) (n = 1,882) (n = 1,574) (n = 2,025) (n = 1,864) (n = 2,021) (n = 1,434)
8
34
50
9
10
35
51
4
8
31
57
4
6
31
60
3
6
29
60
5
7
29
62
3
7
28
60
5
7
29
59
5
7
29
59
5
9
31
56
4
6
26
66
3
5
26
65
4
5
28
63
4
6
28
62
3
7
30
54
9
9
29
58
4
7
29
60
3
5
25
67
3
5
23
66
5
6
25
66
2
7
24
65
4
7
27
63
2
7
25
63
5
9
27
60
4
5
21
72
2
5
23
68
4
5
28
64
4
7
24
67
2
8
37
46
9
10
41
44
5
9
32
55
4
7
36
53
3
6
35
55
5
7
32
58
3
7
32
56
6
7
31
55
7
7
32
56
5
8
36
52
4
6
30
61
3
5
29
63
4
5
28
63
4
6
32
58
4
11
34
39
16
13
37
40
10
14
38
42
5
11
35
50
4
7
31
49
12
12
34
49
5
11
30
46
13
11
37
42
10
13
34
41
13
14
35
45
6
10
38
50
2
10
41
42
8
7
40
42
11
10
37
48
4
7
37
50
6
10
38
50
2
8
29
60
3
6
32
59
3
6
32
60
2
6
31
61
2
8
28
61
3
7
30
60
4
7
30
60
3
9
35
52
4
7
29
62
2
5
29
62
4
6
31
61
3
7
32
58
3
1
23
67
9
3
26
69
3
4
25
68
3
2
24
72
1
4
19
75
2
3
19
76
3
6
34
60
*
2
21
75
2
2
20
76
3
4
25
69
2
2
17
80
1
2
16
78
4
2
19
79
1
3
17
78
2
5
15
76
4
5
23
69
3
1
23
74
2
*
19
78
2
1
17
80
2
3
14
82
*
2
22
74
2
4
15
78
2
2
19
77
2
3
13
83
*
*
16
83
1
*
12
84
4
3
12
83
3
2
16
79
3
9
40
13
43
10
39
10
36
5
37
14
37
9
33
11
38
7
40
17
39
10
36
5
34
5
38
11
43
Appendix table 7-19

(Percent)
Characteristic
Don't know
2534
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Don't know
3544
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Don't know
4554
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Don't know
5564
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Don't know
65+
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Don't know
Trend factual knowledge of
science scale (quartile)a
Top
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Don't know
Second
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Don't know
Third
Very scientific
1979
1983
1985
1988
1990
1992
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2006
2008
2010
(n = 1,635) (n = 1,631) (n = 2,003) (n = 2,041) (n = 2,005) (n = 1,995) (n = 2,006) (n = 2,000) (n = 1,882) (n = 1,574) (n = 2,025) (n = 1,864) (n = 2,021) (n = 1,434)
47
4
42
3
51
*
54
0
56
2
49
1
53
5
50
1
50
3
42
1
52
2
56
5
55
1
46
0
7
36
52
4
7
39
51
3
6
32
60
1
6
32
60
1
6
32
61
2
4
33
62
1
9
30
59
2
6
32
59
3
5
30
61
3
10
33
54
3
6
33
60
1
8
28
60
4
6
30
62
2
8
33
58
1
6
37
53
5
11
32
54
3
8
29
61
2
6
31
60
2
5
26
68
1
7
27
64
3
4
32
61
3
4
26
66
4
7
32
59
1
7
32
58
3
4
24
69
2
5
28
65
2
5
31
61
3
8
27
64
1
8
28
54
10
7
40
50
3
5
32
59
5
4
26
66
4
7
25
64
4
6
27
63
4
4
26
67
3
4
28
65
4
5
23
67
5
5
27
66
3
4
18
74
3
3
24
70
3
4
24
68
4
5
23
69
3
10
32
44
15
8
33
56
3
11
24
56
9
5
33
56
5
5
25
59
10
3
18
77
2
8
20
66
6
7
17
69
7
10
27
58
6
6
27
62
5
6
25
66
3
3
24
68
5
4
26
67
4
6
24
65
5
5
26
50
19
12
24
52
12
11
26
55
8
6
27
60
6
5
29
53
13
7
27
60
6
10
22
55
12
11
31
47
11
11
20
57
13
6
31
54
9
6
26
64
3
5
21
68
7
5
21
65
9
2
24
67
8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
20
76
2
3
18
78
1
2
21
76
1
2
21
75
1
3
20
75
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
14
82
1
3
18
78
1
1
18
79
1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
5
30
63
2
6
28
64
2
6
25
66
3
6
27
65
2
13
31
54
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
5
25
66
4
5
27
67
2
5
30
62
3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
11
NA
11
Appendix table 7-19

(Percent)
Characteristic
Sort of scientific
Don't know
Bottom
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Don't know
Understanding of scientific inquiryb
Understands scientific inquiry
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Don't know
1979
1983
1985
1988
1990
1992
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2006
2008
2010
(n = 1,635) (n = 1,631) (n = 2,003) (n = 2,041) (n = 2,005) (n = 1,995) (n = 2,006) (n = 2,000) (n = 1,882) (n = 1,574) (n = 2,025) (n = 1,864) (n = 2,021) (n = 1,434)
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
30
60
2
30
55
4
38
50
3
35
54
2
38
49
4
NA
NA
NA
33
55
5
37
55
2
33
53
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
10
34
50
6
8
34
45
14
11
31
44
14
13
31
38
18
10
38
42
10
NA
NA
NA
NA
5
36
50
8
6
34
47
13
9
32
52
6
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
2
24
74
1
3
26
70
1
4
22
73
2
4
29
66
1
2
19
78
1
4
19
75
2
3
18
77
2
2
24
73
1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
9
29
55
6
9
31
53
7
9
32
53
7
12
33
49
6
8
31
58
3
5
31
58
5
6
33
56
5
11
32
54
4
Doesn't understand scientific

inquiry
Very scientific
Sort of scientific
Don't know
* = <0.5% responded; NA = not available, question not asked

aQuartiles based
on percentage of nine questions in trend factual knowledge of science scale answered correctly. See notes to appendix table 7-8 for questions.
notes to appendix table 7-13 for explanation of scientific inquiry. For 2001 it is not possible to conclude whether or not 41 survey respondents understood scientific inquiry because they were not asked all of the questions related to
understanding scientific inquiry.
bSee
NOTES: Responses to Would you say that astrology is very scientific, sort of scientific, or not at all scientific? Table includes all years for which data collected. Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding.
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Appendix table 7-23

Attitudes toward science and technology, by region/country: Most recent year
(Percent)
Statement
Promise of science
United States (2004 or 2010)a

Total Strongly
Strongly
agree agree
Agree Disagree disagree
Dont
know
Japan (2001)
Total Strongly
Strongly
agree
agree Agree Disagree disagree
South Korea (2008)

Dont
know
Total
agree
Strongly
agree
Strongly
Agree Disagree disagree
Dont
know
Russia (2003)
Total
Dont
agree Agree Disagree know
Science and
technology are
making our lives
healthier, easier,
and more
comfortable.
90
27
63
73
67
13
13
93
26
68
NA
NA
NA
NA
With the application

of science and
new technology,
work will become
more interesting.
76
13
63
19
54
50
25
20
85
24
61
10
NA
NA
NA
NA
Because of science
and technology,
there will be more
opportunities for
the next
generation.
91
35
56
66
60
16
18
84
31
53
12
NA
NA
NA
NA
We depend too
much on science
and not enough
on faith.
55
17
39
32
10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
54
44
36
NA
NA
NA
NA
It is not important
for me to know
about science in
my daily life.
14
13
55
30
25
23
57
11
30
25
49
19
31
31
56
13
Science makes our

way of life change
too fast.
51
42
40
62
54
24
13
73
14
59
22
30
30
48
22
Reservations about
science
Appendix table 7-23

(Percent)
Statement
Promise of science
Total
agree
China (2001 or 2007)b,c

Neither
agree nor
Agree oppose Oppose
India (2004)
Dont
know
Total
agree
EU (2010)
Malaysia (2008)d
Dont
Agree Disagree know
Total
agree
Agree
Disagree
Not
sure
Total
agree
Neither
agree nor
Agree disagree Disagree
Dont
know
Science and
technology are
making our lives
healthier, easier,
and more
comfortable.
86
86
77
77
19
84
84
NA
NA
66
66
20
12
With the application

of science and
new technology,
work will become
more interesting.
70
70
15
13
61
61
10
30
71
71
NA
NA
61
61
21
14
Because of science
and technology,
there will be more
opportunities for
the next
generation.
82
82
10
54
54
12
35
NA
NA
NA
NA
75
75
14
We depend too
much on science
and not enough
on faith.
16
16
33
28
24
NA
NA
NA
NA
39
39
33
27
38
38
24
34
It is not important
for me to know
about science in
my daily life.
17
NA
NA
74
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
69
NA
33
33
18
48
Science makes our

way of life change
too fast.
73
NA
NA
16
11
75
75
18
66
66
NA
NA
58
58
18
22
Reservations about
science
Appendix table 7-23

(Percent)
United States (2010)
Statement
Benefit (B) versus
harm (H)
Have the benefits of
scientific research
outweighed the
harmful results?
Statement
Benefit (B) versus
harm (H)
Have the benefits of
scientific research
outweighed the
harmful results?
Total
benefit
B>>H
69
46
B>H
23
Russia (2003)
Japan (2001)
B=H
H>B
H>>B
Dont
know
14
South Korea (2006)
Total
benefit
B>>H
B>H
B=H
40
13
27
28
H>B Unclear
Total
benefit
B>H
74
74
China (2007)b
Total
benefit
B>H
B=H
H>B
Dont
know
Total
benefit
B>H
B=H
59
59
30
62
62
17
14
H>B
H>>B
15
6
Malaysia (2008)
Dont
know
Total
benefit B>>H
Dont
H>B H>>B know
B>H
B=H
33
39
EU (2010)
22
11
71
Equal/
H>B not sure
Total
benefit
B>H
B=H
H>B
Dont
know
46
46
29
20
18
NA = not available, question not asked or different response categories offered; S&T = science and technology
EU = European Union
B>>H = benefits strongly outweigh harmful results; B>H = benefits slightly outweigh harmful results; B=H = benefits about equal harmful results; H>B = harmful results slightly outweigh benefits; H>>B = harmful results strongly outweigh benefits
aU.S.
responses to 2004 survey include "Science and technology are making our lives healthier..."; "With the application of science and new technology..."; We depend too much on science..."; and "It is not important for me to know about science..."
Responses to other items are from 2010 survey.
bChina's responses to 2007 survey include "Promise of science" questions and "We depend too much on science" China's responses to 2001 survey include "It is not important for me to know about science" and "Science makes our way of life
change"
cChinese respondents to 2001 survey were given different categories (Agree, Basically agree, Don't agree, Don't know), with no neutral category.
dMalaysian question corresponding to "Science and technology are making our lives healthier, easier, and more comfortable" stated as "Science and technology improves the quality of our lives." Question corresponding to "With the application of
science and new technology, work will become more interesting" stated as "Our daily work will be more efficient with the use of science and technology." Question corresponding to "It is not important for me to know about science in my daily life"
stated in a positive form as "We need to have knowledge about science in order to manage our daily lives"; Malaysian responses of agree and disagree reversed to make them correspond to negative form of statement asked by other countries.
NOTES: "Benefit versus harm" data for United States, Japan, South Korea, Russia, and EU are responses to questions or statements that included words "benefit" and "harm." For Russia, B>H is aggregate of Russian response categories
"undoubtedly more benefits" and "probably more benefits"; H>B is aggregate of "undoubtedly more harms" and "probably more harms." EU survey provided statement, "The benefits of science are greater than any harmful effects it may have"; B>H
is aggregate of EU response categories "totally agree" and "tend to agree"; H>B is aggregate of "tend to disagree" and "totally disagree." Chinese survey asked respondents to indicate whether S&T brings about more "advantages" or more
"disadvantages," whether advantages and disadvantages of S&T are about equal, or whether respondent was "unclear" about it. Malaysian survey asked respondents to indicate whether they agreed with, disagreed with, or werent sure about
statement, "Scientific research has more positive effects than negative effects." Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding.
SOURCES: United StatesUniversity of Michigan, Survey of Consumer Attitudes (2004) and University of Chicago, National Opinion Research Center, General Social Survey (2010); JapanMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and
Technology, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy, The 2001 Survey of Public Attitudes Toward and Understanding of Science and Technology in Japan (2002); KoreaKorea Foundation for the Advancement of Science and Creativity
(formerly Korea Science Foundation), Report: Survey of Public Attitudes Toward, and Understanding of Science and Technology (2006), Korea Gallup; National Understanding of Science and Technology: Survey Report Results (2009); Russia
Gokhberg L and Shuvalova O, Russian Public Opinion of the Knowledge Economy: Science, Innovation, Information Technology and Education as Drivers of Economic Growth and Quality of Life, British Council, Russia (2004); ChinaChinese
Ministry of Science and Technology, China Science and Technology Indicators 2002 (2002); IndiaShukla R, India Science Report: Science Education, Human Resources and Public Attitude towards Science and Technology, National Council of
Applied Economic Research (2005); MalaysiaMalaysian Science and Technology Information Centre, Public Awareness of Science and Technology: Malaysia 2008 (2010); and EUEuropean Commission, Special Eurobarometer 340/Wave 73.1:
Science and Technology Report (2010).
Appendix table 7-24

Public opinion on whether federal government should fund basic scientific research: 19852010
(Percent)
Opinion
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Dont know
1985
1988
1990
1992
1995
1997
1999
2001
2004
2006
2008
2010
(n = 2,003) (n = 2,041) (n = 2,005) (n = 1,995) (n = 2,006) (n = 2,000) (n = 1,882) (n = 1,574) (n = 2,025) (n = 1,864) (n = 2,021) (n = 1,434)
9
70
16
*
5
16
65
14
1
4
18
63
15
1
4
14
63
18
2
3
17
61
17
2
3
22
57
15
3
3
21
61
13
2
3
19
62
14
1
4
29
53
15
2
1
32
55
8
1
3
24
60
11
1
4
* = <0.5% responded
NOTES: Responses to Even if it brings no immediate benefits, scientific research that advances the frontiers of knowledge is necessary and should be supported by the federal government.
Table includes all years for which data collected. Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Public Attitudes Toward and Understanding of Science and Technology (1985
2001); University of Michigan, Survey of Consumer Attitudes (2004); and University of Chicago, National Opinion Research Center, General Social Survey (200610).
23
59
12
2
4
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Appendix table 7-26

Public assessment of federal government spending, by policy area: 19812010
(Percent)
Policy area
Education
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
Developing alternative energy sources
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
Assistance for the poor
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
Health
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
Environment
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
Law enforcement
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
Social Security
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
Drug rehabilitation
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
Assistance for childcare
Too little
About right
Too much
1988
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
1990
1992
1997
1999
2001
1981
1983
1985
(n = 1,611) (n = 1,631) (n = 2,003) (n = 2,041)a (n = 2,005) (n = 1,995) (n = 2,000) (n = 1,882) (n = 1,574) (n = 1,358)b (n = 1,401)c (n = 2,992)d (n = 3,559)e (n = 4,901)f
62
30
6
2
71
23
5
2
73
22
3
2
76
19
4
1
77
17
4
2
81
14
4
1
76
16
6
2
75
18
6
1
76
17
5
1
73
20
6
1
73
21
5
1
73
20
5
1
74
21
5
1
74
20
5
1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
61
28
7
4
45
29
24
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
54
29
13
3
55
30
12
3
57
25
15
3
56
26
17
2
43
30
23
4
49
30
19
2
53
29
15
2
66
24
8
2
69
23
6
1
68
22
8
2
68
23
7
2
61
27
10
2
61
31
6
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
68
26
3
2
67
28
2
2
75
20
3
1
79
15
4
1
68
23
7
2
71
22
6
2
70
24
4
2
73
21
4
1
77
17
4
1
72
19
7
2
75
17
7
2
58
22
17
2
52
32
13
3
54
31
11
4
69
21
6
3
76
18
4
2
76
17
5
2
72
20
7
2
65
23
8
4
65
25
7
3
63
28
6
3
60
29
8
2
63
27
7
3
67
23
7
3
66
23
8
3
57
30
10
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
56
35
7
3
56
36
5
3
57
33
8
2
54
35
8
2
53
36
9
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
59
33
4
4
63
27
5
4
61
30
5
4
58
32
5
4
53
35
8
4
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
56
31
10
3
53
34
9
4
55
31
9
5
51
34
10
5
49
36
10
5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
56
31
7
54
34
6
51
35
7
49
39
6
46
41
7
Appendix table 7-26

(Percent)
Policy area
Don't know
Highways and bridges
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
Mass transportation
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
Supporting scientific research
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
Parks and recreation
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
Assistance to big cities
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
Assistance to blacks
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
National defense
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
Welfare
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
Space exploration
Too little
About right
1988
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
1990
1992
1997
1999
2001
1981
1983
1985
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
35
50
12
3
29
55
13
3
35
52
11
3
43
45
9
3
42
44
11
3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
34
50
10
6
35
50
10
6
39
47
8
6
45
42
8
5
40
46
9
4
31
47
18
4
NA
NA
NA
NA
29
46
18
7
34
48
15
4
30
47
16
6
34
43
19
4
34
46
14
7
37
43
14
6
36
44
14
7
34
46
13
6
38
45
12
5
41
41
11
7
36
46
11
7
36
47
12
5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
34
58
5
3
31
60
7
2
33
59
6
2
30
63
5
2
32
60
6
2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
41
37
13
9
40
38
12
10
32
36
22
10
31
38
20
11
28
38
24
10
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
30
45
17
8
32
46
13
9
29
42
18
11
29
44
15
11
26
46
16
11
34
38
26
2
19
31
47
3
11
36
50
3
11
35
52
3
15
42
40
3
15
42
40
2
23
42
32
4
31
40
25
4
29
41
25
5
33
44
20
3
33
38
26
3
26
33
39
3
23
34
40
3
25
39
33
3
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
20
37
40
3
23
34
40
2
24
36
37
3
23
37
36
4
22
35
41
3
18
37
17
42
9
43
17
38
9
37
12
36
14
38
15
36
11
38
12
47
14
43
14
45
14
45
16
44
Appendix table 7-26

(Percent)
Policy area
Too much
Don't know
Assistance to other countries
Too little
About right
Too much
Don't know
1988
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
1990
1992
1997
1999
2001
1981
1983
1985
42
2
39
2
45
2
43
2
52
2
50
1
45
3
46
3
48
3
35
6
37
6
35
6
36
6
35
5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
27
63
3
10
26
61
4
11
24
62
4
11
26
59
4
8
28
60
3

aIn
1988 "national defense" asked of 1,021 survey respondents.

2002 "assistance for the poor" asked of 1,407 survey respondents; "environment," "Social Security," "childcare," "highways and bridges," "mass transportation," "parks and recreation," and "national defense" asked of 2,765 respondents.
cIn 2004 "assistance for the poor" asked of 1,411 survey respondents; "environment," "Social Security," "childcare," "highways and bridges," "mass transportation," "parks and recreation," and "national defense" asked of 2,812 respondents.
dIn 2006 "assistance for the poor" asked of 1,508 survey respondents; "welfare" asked of 1,484 respondents.
eIn 2008 "assistance for the poor" asked of 1,781 survey respondents; "welfare" asked of 1,778 respondents; "environment," "health," "law enforcement," "drug rehabilitation," "assistance to big cities," and "space exploration" asked of
3,558 respondents.
fIn 2010 "assistance for the poor" asked of 2,480 survey respondents; "welfare" asked of 2,421 respondents; "developing alternative energy sources" and "highways and bridges" asked of 2,044 respondents; "environment," "health," "law
enforcement," and "national defense" asked of 4,900 respondents; "assistance to big cities" asked of 4,899 respondents; "assistance to blacks" asked of 4,892 respondents.
bIn
NOTES: Responses to We are faced with many problems in this country, none of which can be solved easily or inexpensively. Im going to name some of these problems, and for each one, Id like you to tell me if you think that the
Government is spending too little money on it, about the right amount, or too much. Table includes all years for which data collected. Beginning in 2002, two versions of question administered with different wording for some policy areas.
Wording also varies for some policy areas in 19812001. Table combines data for policy areas with similar wording or meaning (see below). Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding.
Policy areas with different wording in 19812001 or alternate wording on second version of questionnaire in 200210:
Education: "improving education" in 19812001; alternate wording "improving the nation's education system" in 200210.
Assistance for the poor: "helping low-income persons" in 19812001; no alternate wording in 200210.
Environment: "reducing pollution" in 19812001; alternate wording "improving and protecting the environment" in 200210.
Health: "improving health care" in 19812001; alternate wording "improving and protecting the nation's health" in 200210.
Law enforcement: alternate wording "halting the rising crime rate" in 200210.
Drug rehabilitation: alternate wording "dealing with drug addiction" in 200210.
Assistance to big cities: alternate wording "solving the problems of the big cities" in 200210.
Assistance to blacks: alternate wording "improving the conditions of blacks" in 200210.
National defense: "improving national defense" in 19812001; alternate wording "military, armaments and defense" in 200210.
Space exploration: alternate wording "space exploration program" in 200210.
Assistance to other countries: alternate wording "foreign aid" in 200210.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Public Attitudes Toward and Understanding of Science and Technology (19812001); and University of Chicago, National Opinion
Research Center, General Social Survey (200210).
Appendix table 7-27

Public confidence in institutional leaders: 19732010
(Percent)
Year (number)
2010 (n = 3,278)
2008 (n = 2,390)
2006 (n = 1,989)
2004 (n = 876)
2002 (n = 912)
2000 (n = 1,896)
1998 (n = 1,911)
1996 (n = 1,925)
1994 (n = 2,011)
1993 (n = 1,057)
1991 (n = 1,017)
1990 (n = 899)
1989 (n = 1,035)
1988 (n = 997)
1987 (n = 1,819)
1986 (n = 1,470)
1984 (n = 989)
1983 (n = 1,599)
1982 (n = 1,860)
1980 (n = 1,468)
1978 (n = 1,532)
1977 (n = 1,530)
1976 (n = 1,499)
1975 (n = 1,490)
1974 (n = 1,484)
1973 (n = 1,504)
aExcludes banks
Military
52
48
47
58
56
40
36
39
37
41
61
33
33
35
34
31
36
30
29
28
30
36
40
35
39
32
Medicine
41
40
40
38
37
44
45
45
42
40
48
45
47
52
51
47
50
52
45
53
46
53
54
51
61
54
Scientific
community
U.S.
Supreme
Court
40
38
41
42
37
41
40
40
39
37
40
38
41
39
41
39
44
42
35
41
36
41
42
37
45
37
30
29
33
31
36
32
31
28
31
30
37
34
35
35
35
30
33
27
30
24
28
36
34
30
33
31
Education
26
28
28
28
26
27
27
23
25
22
30
27
30
30
36
28
28
28
35
30
28
40
37
31
49
37
Organized
religion
Executive
branch of
federal
government
Major
companies
Organized
labor
18
20
24
23
19
28
27
25
25
22
25
23
22
21
30
25
30
28
33
35
30
40
30
24
44
34
16
10
16
22
27
13
13
10
11
11
27
24
20
16
17
21
19
13
17
12
12
27
13
13
14
29
12
16
18
18
17
28
26
24
26
21
20
26
25
25
28
25
30
24
21
27
21
27
21
19
31
29
11
11
12
13
12
13
11
11
11
8
11
11
9
11
12
9
8
8
13
15
11
15
11
10
19
15
Television
11
9
9
10
9
10
10
10
10
12
15
14
14
14
12
15
13
12
15
15
14
18
18
18
23
18
Congress
10
10
12
15
14
13
10
7
8
6
18
16
17
16
16
16
13
10
13
9
13
19
13
13
17
23
Banks and
financial
institutions
10
20
30
29
22
29
26
24
18
14
12
17
18
27
27
21
30
23
26
32
32
42
39
31
NA
NA
Press
9
8
10
9
10
10
9
11
10
11
16
14
17
19
19
19
17
13
18
22
20
25
28
24
25
23
Meana
23
22
24
26
25
25
24
23
23
22
29
25
26
26
28
25
27
24
25
26
24
31
29
25
33
30
and financial institutions.
NOTES: Data represent respondents expressing great deal of confidence when asked: As far as the people running these institutions are concerned, would you say that you have a great deal of confidence, only some confidence,
or hardly any confidence at all in them? Sample size not exact for all institutions. Table includes all years for which data collected.
SOURCE: University of Chicago, National Opinion Research Center, General Social Survey (19732010).
Appendix table 7-28

Public preferences about various groups' influence on decisions about public issues: 2006 and 2010
(Percent and mean score)
Public issue/group
Global warming: deciding what to do about global warming
Environmental scientists
Elected officials
Business leaders
Genetically modified foods: deciding whether to restrict the sale of GM foods
Medical researchers
Elected officials
Business leaders
Stem cell research: deciding about government funding for stem cell research
Medical researchers
Elected officials
Religious leaders
Nuclear power: deciding whether to expand the use of nuclear power
Nuclear engineers
Elected officials
Business leaders
Federal income taxes: deciding on whether to reduce federal income taxes
Economists
Elected officials
Business leaders
2006
Preferred degree of influence
A great
A fair
None at
deal amount
all
A little
Dont
know
Mean
score
2010
Preferred degree of influence
A great
A fair
None at
deal amount
all
A little
Dont
know
Mean
score
47
17
10
38
33
22
7
33
38
3
13
25
4
4
5
3.4
2.6
2.2
48
12
8
37
35
22
9
34
40
3
17
27
3
3
3
3.3
2.4
2.1
41
7
3
40
30
16
10
37
41
3
21
35
5
5
5
3.3
2.2
1.9
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
39
11
8
41
35
21
11
32
36
4
15
29
5
6
6
3.2
2.4
2.1
41
9
7
39
32
18
11
34
36
5
21
35
4
4
4
3.2
2.3
2.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
38
10
5
41
38
27
11
35
42
4
11
21
6
6
5
3.2
2.5
2.2
21
21
9
51
40
37
18
24
36
4
11
13
6
4
4
2.9
2.7
2.5
18
23
11
55
39
41
18
24
33
4
9
10
6
5
5
2.9
2.8
2.6

GM = genetically modified
NOTES: Responses to How much influence should each of the following groups have in deciding: what to do about global warming policy; about government funding for stem cell research; whether to reduce
federal income taxes; whether to expand the use of nuclear power; whether to restrict sale of genetically modified foods? Mean preferred influence score based on 4-point scale, where 4 = a great deal of
influence, 3 = a fair amount, 2 = a little influence, 1 = none at all. In 2006, questions on global warming and stem cell research asked of 928 survey respondents; questions on genetically modified foods and
federal income taxes asked of 936 respondents. In 2010, questions on global warming and stem cell research asked of 961 survey respondents; questions on nuclear power and federal income taxes asked of
971 respondents. Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding.
SOURCE: University of Chicago, National Opinion Research Center, General Social Survey (2006, 2010).
Appendix table 7-29

Public perceptions of various groups' understanding of public issues: 2006 and 2010
Public issue/group
Nuclear power: understand the likely effects of using nuclear power to generate electricity
Nuclear engineers
Elected officials
Business leaders
Stem cell research: understand stem cell research
Medical researchers
Elected officials
Religious leaders
Global warming: understand the causes of global warming
Elected officials
Business leaders
Genetically modified foods: understand the risks posed by genetically modified foods
Medical researchers
Elected officials
Business leaders
Federal income taxes: understand the likely effects of reducing federal income taxes
Economists
Elected officials
Business leaders
2006
Degree of understanding (on scale of 1 to 5)
Very well
Not at all
5
4
3
2
1
Dont
know
Mean
score
2010
Degree of understanding (on scale of 1 to 5)
Very well
Not at all
5
4
3
2
1
Dont
know
Mean
score
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
58
5
5
18
11
11
11
32
32
4
33
30
3
15
17
5
5
5
4.3
2.6
2.5
50
3
6
24
7
8
15
35
26
3
26
29
3
22
25
6
6
6
4.2
2.4
2.4
49
4
5
26
7
6
14
34
27
3
28
28
2
24
29
5
5
5
4.2
2.4
2.3
44
5
4
22
7
8
22
31
30
4
29
32
4
24
22
4
4
4
4.0
2.4
2.4
40
5
4
20
10
9
21
28
29
10
26
28
6
26
26
4
4
4
3.8
2.4
2.3
32
3
4
32
6
7
18
24
24
8
33
31
5
29
28
6
5
6
3.8
2.2
2.2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
33
10
15
19
18
29
29
34
33
7
19
12
7
15
6
5
5
4
3.7
2.9
3.4
27
10
16
21
18
24
31
32
31
8
18
14
6
17
9
7
6
7
3.6
2.8
3.3

NOTES: Responses to How well do the following groups understand: causes of global warming; stem cell research; effects of reducing federal income taxes; likely effects of using nuclear power to generate electricity; risks posed by
genetically modified foods? Mean understanding score based on 5-point scale, where 5 = understands very well and 1 = understands not at all. In 2006, questions on stem cell research and global warming asked of 928 survey
respondents; questions on genetically modified foods and federal income taxes asked of 936 respondents. In 2010, questions on stem cell research and global warming asked of 961 survey respondents; questions on nuclear power
and federal income taxes asked of 971 respondents. Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding.
Appendix table 7-30

Public perceptions of various groups' impartiality in making policy recommendations about public issues: 2006 and 2010
2006
Extent to which group would support (on scale of 1 to 5)
What is best
Own narrow
for country
interests
Public issue/group
Global warming
Elected officials
Business leaders
Genetically modified foods
Medical researchers
Elected officials
Business leaders
Stem cell research
Medical researchers
Elected officials
Religious leaders
Nuclear power
Nuclear engineers
Elected officials
Business leaders
Federal income taxes
Economists
Elected officials
Business leaders
Dont
know
Mean
score
40
9
6
27
10
4
17
25
22
6
24
27
6
28
36
5
5
5
34
6
2
29
10
4
19
32
25
7
25
32
6
21
32
32
8
13
27
7
12
21
32
22
9
23
20
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
22
8
3
30
14
8
25
26
24
2010
Extent to which group would support (on scale of 1 to 5)
What is best
Own narrow
for country
interests
5
Dont
know
Mean
score
3.9
2.5
2.1
42
11
6
22
10
4
18
25
24
7
22
27
7
28
34
4
4
4
3.9
2.5
2.2
5
5
5
3.8
2.5
2.1
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7
25
26
4
5
6
3.7
2.5
2.6
30
6
9
28
10
10
21
25
24
9
26
24
7
29
27
5
4
6
3.7
2.4
2.5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
27
8
6
28
16
9
22
32
28
9
22
28
8
17
23
6
6
6
3.6
2.7
2.4
9
24
30
8
24
30
6
4
4
3.5
2.6
2.2
19
10
5
27
11
11
28
27
23
11
22
29
9
24
27
6
6
6
3.4
2.6
2.4

NOTES: Responses to When making policy decisions about [public issue], to what extent do you think [group] would support doing what is best for the country as a whole or what serves their own narrow interests?
Mean impartiality score based on 5-point scale, where 5 = best for the country and 1 = own narrow interests. In 2006, questions on global warming and stem cell research asked of 928 survey respondents; questions on
genetically modified foods and federal income taxes asked of 936 respondents. In 2010, questions on global warming and stem cell research asked of 961 survey respondents; questions on nuclear power and federal
income taxes asked of 971 respondents. Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding.
Appendix table 7-31

Public perceptions of scientific consensus on public issues: 2006 and 2010
2006
Degree of consensus (on scale of 1 to 5)
Group/public issue
Medical researchers on importance of stem cells for research
Nuclear engineers on risks and benefits of nuclear power to generate electricity
Environmental scientists on existence and causes of global warming
Medical researchers on risks and benefits of genetically modified foods
Economists on effects of reducing federal income taxes
Near complete
agreement
5
19
NA
14
9
5
33
NA
28
19
15
29
NA
35
41
40
2010
Degree of consensus (on scale of 1 to 5)
No agreement
at all
2
1
4
NA
9
11
14
5
NA
6
7
13
Dont
know
Mean
score
Near complete
agreement
5
9
NA
9
13
13
3.6
NA
3.4
3.1
2.8
28
19
15
NA
5
30
34
23
NA
16
26
28
35
NA
38
No agreement
at all
2
1
6
6
11
NA
14
4
3
10
NA
15
Dont
know
Mean
score
7
11
6
NA
12
3.8
3.7
3.2
NA
2.8

NOTES: Responses to To what extent do [people in group] agree on [public issue]? Mean consensus score based on 5-point scale, where 5 = near complete agreement and 1 = no agreement at all. In 2006, questions on stem cell
research and global warming asked of 928 survey respondents; questions on genetically modified foods and federal income taxes asked of 936 respondents. In 2010, questions on stem cell research and global warming asked of 961
survey respondents; questions on nuclear power and federal income taxes asked of 971 respondents. Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding.
Appendix table 7-32

Awareness, knowledge, and attitudes about stem cell research in the United States, Europe, Japan, and Israel: 2008
(Percent)
Country
Recently information has

been appearing about a type
of cell called "stem cells."
Have you heard or read
anything about this kind of
cell? (Yes)
Stem cells can be transformed

into different types of cells that
can then be grown into
specialized tissues like
muscles or nerves. (True)a
Nowadays, stem cells are

usually extracted from human
embryos without destroying
them. (True)a
On a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 means you totally

disagree and 10 that you totally agree, I would like
you to tell me how much you agree or disagree with
the statement "Research with human embryos that
are a few days old to obtain stem cells is immoral."
(Mean score)
86
86
76
75
75
66
65
65
60
59
58
44
42
39
33
71
76
65
65
63
54
53
49
42
45
50
30
32
26
28
20
16
30
17
19
14
11
15
11
16
8
10
6
9
4
4.8
4.3
5.5
4.6
4.8
4.7
5.0
5.1
4.5
4.9
5.8
5.9
6.2
5.8
5.8
Sweden
Denmark
United States
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Italy
France
Ireland
Spain
Czech Republic
Germany
Poland
Austria
Israel
Japan
aPercentages based
on respondents who had heard or read about stem cells.
SOURCE: BBVA Foundation, BBVA Foundation International Study on Attitudes To Stem Cell Research and Hybrid Embryos (2008), fieldwork AprilJune 2007 and January
February 2008.
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Appendix table 7-35

Public attitudes toward conducting human health research that may inflict pain or injury to animals: 19882008
(Percent)
Opinion
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Dont know
1988
1990
1992
1995
1997
1999
2001
2008
(n = 2,041) (n = 2,005) (n = 1,995) (n = 2,006) (n = 2,000) (n = 1,882) (n = 1,574) (n = 2,021)
5
48
28
14
5
5
45
31
14
6
9
44
28
14
4
7
43
33
13
5
7
39
34
15
5
6
42
34
14
4
6
38
34
17
5
6
33
35
21
4
NOTES: Responses to Scientists should be allowed to do research that causes pain and injury to animals like dogs and chimpanzees if it produces
new information about human health problems. Table includes all years for which data collected. Percentages may not add to 100% because of
rounding.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Public Attitudes Toward and
Understanding of Science and Technology (19882001); and University of Chicago, National Opinion Research Center, General Social Survey
(2008).
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Appendix table 7-37

Public assessment of whether the quality of science and mathematics education in American schools is inadequate: 19852008
(Percent)
Opinion
Strongly agree
Agree
Disagree
Strongly disagree
Dont know
1985
(n = 2,003)
1988
(n = 2,041)
1990
(n = 2,005)
1992
(n = 1,995)
1995
(n = 2,006)
1997
(n = 2,000)
1999
(n = 1,882)
2001
(n = 1,574)
2008
(n = 2,021)
14
49
27
2
8
18
50
23
2
7
24
48
22
2
4
24
51
19
2
4
21
48
22
3
6
23
45
22
4
6
21
42
26
4
7
17
51
24
2
7
21
49
22
2
6
NOTES: Responses to The quality of science and mathematics education in American schools is inadequate. Table includes all years for which data collected.
Percentages may not add to 100% because of rounding.
SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics, Survey of Public Attitudes Toward and Understanding of Science and
Technology (19852001); and University of Chicago, National Opinion Research Center, General Social Survey (2008).
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Average mathematics NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 Hispanic students in public schools, by state: 2000 and 2009
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Average science NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 Hispanic students in public schools, by state: 2009
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Average science NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 Hispanic students in public schools, by state: 2009
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Average mathematics NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 Asian students in public schools, by state: 2000 and 2009
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Average mathematics NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 Asian students in public schools, by state: 2000 and 2009
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Average science NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 Asian students in public schools, by state: 2009
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Average mathematics NAEP scores and achievement-level results for grades 4 and 8 male students in public schools, by state: 2000 and 2009
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Appendix table 8-13

Coefficient of variation for estimates of employed S&E doctorate holders, by state: 1997, 2003, and 2008
Coefficient of variation for
employed S&E doctorate holders (%)
Employed S&E doctorate holders

State
United States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
1997
516,560
6,610
1,110
6,280
2,320
70,490
10,740
8,770
3,710
11,800
13,330
9,880
2,550
2,030
21,260
7,570
4,120
3,770
4,110
5,360
2,150
21,020
23,330
15,050
9,810
3,000
9,490
1,690
3,010
1,620
2,230
20,440
7,480
40,080
13,730
1,350
18,700
4,580
6,210
23,940
2,450
4,780
1,060
8,520
28,570
4,800
1,750
15,250
13,360
1,980
2003
590,910
5,730
1,140
7,500
2,790
86,550
12,220
9,780
3,000
13,800
16,000
12,220
3,040
2,450
22,400
9,590
4,660
4,060
4,720
5,420
2,110
25,280
30,220
17,130
11,110
3,120
9,080
1,740
2,820
2,070
2,640
20,980
8,120
44,890
17,380
1,130
20,870
4,640
7,830
27,820
3,170
5,210
1,020
8,840
33,280
4,240
1,770
18,880
15,430
1,980
2008
647,800
6,000
1,200
8,800
2,400
95,700
13,100
10,600
3,300
13,100
18,600
13,500
3,200
2,800
24,200
10,300
5,200
4,300
4,800
5,200
2,300
28,100
35,000
16,700
12,600
3,300
10,000
2,100
2,800
2,800
2,900
21,300
7,800
49,000
20,100
1,300
20,800
4,500
8,700
30,000
2,800
6,300
1,300
10,100
39,900
5,600
1,800
21,300
17,700
2,000
1997
0.3
5.8
14.5
5.9
10.4
1.7
4.4
5.3
8.6
4.5
4.3
4.8
9.4
11.2
3.2
5.3
7.5
7.8
7.1
6.6
11.7
3.2
3.1
3.9
4.7
8.8
5.0
11.1
9.6
12.4
10.2
3.2
5.6
2.3
3.9
11.6
3.5
7.2
6.3
3.1
10.0
7.0
13.7
5.3
2.8
7.6
11.7
4.0
4.1
10.1
2003
0.3
6.4
15.5
5.8
10.0
1.6
4.4
4.9
9.4
4.7
4.0
4.7
9.4
10.3
3.1
5.7
7.5
8.0
7.5
6.0
11.1
3.0
2.4
3.6
4.5
9.0
4.9
12.7
9.9
10.5
10.8
3.5
6.3
2.6
3.2
14.8
3.6
7.3
6.2
3.4
8.9
7.7
14.4
5.1
2.8
7.7
10.7
3.5
4.2
12.6
2008
0.2
6.3
13.4
5.1
9.9
1.8
4.5
4.8
8.0
4.3
4.3
4.3
8.3
9.5
3.7
4.9
8.1
8.5
8.3
7.1
11.2
3.1
2.6
4.2
4.4
8.3
4.8
12.1
10.0
10.9
9.8
3.5
6.3
2.2
3.8
13.3
3.6
7.8
5.8
2.7
9.5
7.0
14.6
5.4
2.6
6.9
12.6
3.5
3.7
13.0
Appendix table 8-13

Coefficient of variation for estimates of employed S&E doctorate holders, by state: 1997, 2003, and 2008
employed S&E doctorate holders (%)
Employed S&E doctorate holders

State
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
1997
8,460
860
2003
8,390
650
2008
9,900
700
1997
5.2
16.2
2003
5.8
17.5
2008
5.2
21.9
660
1,710
2,000
11.5
9.5
8.1
NOTE: The coefficient of variation (CV) is used to evaluate and compare the precision of estimates from a sample survey. It is the ratio of the sampling
error of an estimate to the estimate itself. A higher CV indicates that the estimate is less precise.
Appendix table 8-14

Coefficient of variation for estimates of science and engineering doctorate holders in academia, by state: 1997, 2003, and 2008
S&E doctorate holders in academia (%)
S&E doctorate holders in academia

State
United States
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
1997
245,670
4,640
450
3,050
1,520
26,050
4,550
4,000
750
2,210
6,850
5,780
1,380
780
10,620
4,680
3,100
2,260
3,040
3,580
1,340
6,400
11,810
7,850
4,490
1,940
5,770
1,020
2,360
980
1,130
5,290
2,450
20,900
7,740
900
9,750
2,680
2,690
12,150
1,730
3,230
700
4,720
13,760
3,080
1,140
5,830
5,410
1,190
2003
277,970
3,240
600
3,660
1,850
29,830
5,320
4,490
800
2,690
8,710
7,240
1,910
1,190
10,930
5,810
3,390
2,380
3,320
3,570
1,150
7,060
14,630
9,050
5,600
2,060
5,770
1,090
1,880
1,260
1,360
6,160
2,960
22,360
9,650
740
10,620
2,900
3,690
15,650
2,180
3,000
670
5,210
15,240
2,770
1,100
7,630
6,740
1,190
2008
289,500
3,500
700
4,200
1,500
30,500
5,200
5,100
800
2,100
9,700
8,100
1,900
1,400
11,500
5,900
3,900
2,700
3,400
3,100
1,200
8,200
13,800
9,000
5,400
1,900
5,800
1,200
1,800
1,500
1,600
6,300
2,300
23,100
10,600
900
9,900
3,000
3,300
15,200
1,800
3,800
700
5,500
18,400
3,400
900
8,800
7,300
1,200
1997
0.4
6.7
19.9
8.0
12.1
2.8
6.7
7.6
19.7
9.5
6.1
6.1
11.0
18.3
4.6
6.8
8.7
9.6
8.2
8.0
14.9
5.7
4.1
5.2
6.4
11.1
6.5
14.1
10.6
17.1
14.1
6.4
9.3
3.1
5.2
13.9
4.7
9.0
9.0
4.2
12.2
8.7
15.9
6.9
4.0
9.7
14.8
6.2
6.2
13.4
2003
0.7
8.1
21.6
8.0
11.7
2.4
7.5
7.3
18.4
9.2
5.2
6.0
11.3
13.4
4.9
6.8
8.9
10.4
9.4
8.2
15.4
6.9
4.1
5.3
6.8
9.7
6.9
16.6
11.3
12.7
14.1
6.0
9.4
3.8
4.3
18.2
4.6
8.9
8.5
4.5
10.4
10.4
18.9
5.9
4.2
9.2
14.5
5.6
6.7
15.8
2008
0.8
8.1
19.2
7.1
13.2
2.9
6.8
7.3
16.7
11.0
5.7
5.4
10.2
15.0
5.9
6.8
9.0
9.4
9.6
9.9
14.7
5.4
4.5
6.0
7.0
9.6
6.9
15.7
11.9
13.9
12.0
7.3
11.6
3.1
4.7
18.0
5.0
9.6
9.0
4.3
12.0
9.2
20.5
7.1
3.8
8.6
16.5
6.2
6.3
16.9
Appendix table 8-14

Coefficient of variation for estimates of science and engineering doctorate holders in academia, by state: 1997, 2003, and 2008
S&E doctorate holders in academia (%)
S&E doctorate holders in academia

State
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Puerto Rico
1997
5,390
560
2003
5,180
490
2008
6,000
500
1997
6.4
21.0
2003
7.5
20.2
2008
6.3
25.8
640
1,360
1,300
11.6
10.7
9.8
NOTE: The coefficient of variation (CV) is used to evaluate and compare the precision of estimates from a sample survey. It is the ratio of the sampling error of an
estimate to the estimate itself. A higher CV indicates that the estimate is less precise.
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National Science Board

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

List of Appendix Tables

Chapter 1. Elementary and Secondary Mathematics and Science Education

Chapter 2. Higher Education in Science and Engineering

Chapter 3. Science and Engineering Labor Force

Bureau of Labor Statistics projections of occupational employment: 200818 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

Chapter 4. Research and Development: National Trends and International Comparisons

Gross domestic product and implicit price deflators: 19532010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217

Chapter 5. Academic Research and Development

Chapter 6. Industry, Technology, and the Global Marketplace

Value added of knowledge- and technology-intensive industries, by region/country/economy:

U.S. trade in optoelectronics products, by region/country/economy: 200010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656

Chapter 7. Science and Technology: Public Attitudes and Understanding

Correct answers to trend factual knowledge of science questions, by respondent characteristic:

Chapter 8. State Indicators

Appendix table 1-1

English language learner (ELL) statusb

Student disability statusb

English language learner (ELL) statusb

Student disability statusb

All grade 4 students

Appendix table 1-1

English language learner (ELL) statusb

Student disability statusb

for free/reduced-price lunch is a measure of family poverty.

Appendix table 1-2

English language learner (ELL) statusb

English language learner (ELL) statusb

All grade 4 students

Student disability statusb

Student disability statusb

Appendix table 1-2

English language learner (ELL) statusb

Student disability statusb

for free/reduced-price lunch is a measure of family poverty.

Appendix table 1-3

Appendix table 1-4

Appendix table 1-6

Appendix table 1-6

Trinidad and Tobago

is a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China.

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Appendix table 1-10

level is percentage of students in school qualifying for free/reduced-price lunch.

Appendix table 1-11

Academic year 200708

Master's or higher degree

Teaching field/school characteristic

Master's or higher degree

specialist, certificate of advanced graduate studies, doctorate, or professional degree.

NOTE: Detail may not add to total because of rounding.

Appendix table 1-12

Academic year 200304

level is percentage of students in school qualifying for free/reduced-price lunch.

Appendix table 1-13

Appendix table 1-14

Did not participate in

Did not participate in

Appendix table 1-15

Academic year 200708

level is percentage of students in school qualifying for free/reduced-price lunch.

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