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COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - OVERALL

INDIA
OVERALL PERFORMANCE 04 30 05 06 27 33 07 27 08 29 BASIC FACTS
Capital
2 Land area (km '000)

Rank New Delhi 3,287.3 (2007) 41.35 (2007) 1,149.14 (2007) 1,135.1 (2007) 2,592 (2007) 8.7 (2007) 6.8 (2007) 8.9 (2007) 456.38 (2007) -1.3 (2006) 2 12 55 5 46 46 2 31

Exchange rate (per $) Population (millions) GDP ($ billions)

CHALLENGES IN 2008
Tackle infrastructure bottlenecks. Enhance agricultural productivity. Increase the level of employment in the rural areas. Promote gender equality. Implement fiscal reforms in the states.

GDP (PPP) per capita ($) Real GDP growth (%)

Domestic Economy

Consumer Price Inflation (%) Unemployment rate (%) Labor force (millions) Current Account Balance (%) Direct Investment Stocks Inward ($ billions) Flows Inward (% of GDP)

International Trade

International Investment

Employment

Prices

Public Finance

72.3 (2006) 1.9 (2006)

31 42

Provided by : National Productivity Council, New Delhi

Fiscal Policy

Institutional Framework

COMPETITIVENESS LANDSCAPE
ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
12 19 13

Business Legislation

Societal Framework

GOVERNMENT EFFICIENCY
9
Finance

Productivity & Efficiency

BUSINESS EFFICIENCY
5 11 23

INFRASTRUCTURE

Labor Market

Management Practices

Attitudes and Values

31 31 33

28 32

Basic Infrastructure

29 33 29 40 41 51 54 Basic Infrastructure Labor Market Health and Environment Finance Attitudes and Values Productivity & Efficiency Scientific Infrastructure Societal Framework Tech. Infrastructure Management Practices Education

Tech. Infrastructure

Scientific Infrastructure

44
Health and Environment Education

Employment

International Investment

Fiscal Policy

Prices

Domestic Economy

PEER GROUP RANKINGS

ASIA PACIFIC POPULATION > 20 MILLION

04 10

05

06 9 11

07 9

Institutional Framework

08 10

Business Legislation

International Trade

Public Finance

04 13

05

06 10 14

07 10

08 12

150

IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARBOOK 2008

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COMPETITIVENESS EVOLUTION

INDIA
The criteria below highlight the 15 greatest Improvements and the 15 biggest Declines in the overall performance of the economy. They are determined by the largest percentage changes in the value of each criterion from one year to the next.

IMPROVEMENTS
1.3.01 1.3.02 1.3.06 1.3.07 1.3.03 4.2.04 2.1.11 1.3.08 4.2.09 3.3.13 4.2.08 1.1.19 1.2.07 1.2.10 2.2.13 Direct investment flows abroad US$ billions Direct investment flows abroad % of GDP Direct investment flows inward US$ billions Direct investment flows inward % of GDP Direct investment stocks abroad US$ billions Mobile telephone subscribers Number of subscribers per 1000 inhabitants Total reserves Gold and official reserves (gold = SDR 35 per ounce), SDR billions Direct investment stocks inward US$ billions Internet users Number of internet users per 1000 people / Source: Computer Industry Almanac Stock market capitalization % of GDP Computers per capita Number of computers per 1000 people / Source: Computer Industry Almanac GDP per capita US$ per capita Exports of goods US$ billions Exports of commercial services US$ billions Real corporate taxes do not discourage entrepreneurial activity (Survey)

WCY 2007 2.50 0.31 6.68 0.83 12.97 81.6 113.90 51.14 61.70 68.37 19 812 120.86 75.06 5.53

WCY 2008 9.67 1.06 17.45 1.92 23.97 148.3 169.36 72.33 82.26 89.93 24 988 145.23 86.37 6.36

DECLINES
1.1.14 2.3.02 1.4.07 3.2.22 3.3.02 2.3.12 2.3.11 4.2.17 2.3.08 1.2.02 3.2.09 3.2.16 3.4.01 3.2.17 4.4.04 Real GDP Growth per capita % change, based on national currency in constant prices Cost of capital encourages business development (Survey) Long-term unemployment % of labor force Competent senior managers are readily available (Survey) Credit flows easily from banks to businesses (Survey) Transparency of government policy is satisfactory (Survey) Political parties do understand today's economic challenges (Survey) Funding for technological development is readily available (Survey) The legal and regulatory framework encourages the competitiveness of enterprises (Survey) Current account balance % of GDP Employee training is a high priority in companies (Survey) Skilled labor is readily available (Survey) Adaptability of companies to market changes is high (Survey) Finance skills are readily available (Survey) Health infrastructure meets the needs of society (Survey)

WCY 2007 8.06 5.53 0.24 6.10 7.00 4.54 4.20 6.37 5.13 -1.14 6.51 6.40 6.80 7.50 3.77

WCY 2008 6.17 4.29 0.30 5.07 5.96 3.87 3.60 5.49 4.44 -1.28 5.67 5.60 5.96 6.58 3.31

IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARBOOK 2008

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COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - FACTOR BREAKDOWN

INDIA

ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
04 11 05 12 06 7 07 10 18 Strengths
1.3.16 1.3.17 1.3.15 1.1.13 1.4.07
Relocation of R&D facilities is not a threat to the future of your economy (Survey) Relocation of services is not a threat to the future of your economy (Survey) Relocation of production is not a threat to the future of your economy (Survey) Real GDP Growth Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices Long-term unemployment Percentage of labor force

08

Sub-Factor Rankings :
Domestic Economy International Trade International Investment Employment Prices

2008
12 31 19 13 33

1 2 3 5 5

Weaknesses
1.1.20 1.1.19 1.3.09 1.2.08 1.4.02
GDP (PPP) per capita Estimates; US$ per capita at purchasing power parity GDP per capita US$ per capita Direct investment stocks inward Percentage of GDP Exports of goods Percentage of GDP Employment Percentage of population

55 55 53 52 51

GOVERNMENT EFFICIENCY
04 05 06 07 08 23 29 32 30 33 Sub-Factor Rankings :
Public Finance Fiscal Policy Institutional Framework Business Legislation Societal Framework

2008
31 9 28 32 44

Strengths
2.2.09 2.5.03 2.1.09 2.3.06 2.1.11
Consumption tax rate Standard rate of VAT / GST Ageing of society is not a burden for economic development (Survey) Management of public finances over the next two years is likely to improve (Survey) Exchange rate stability Parity change from national currency to SDR, 2007 / 2005 Total reserves Gold and official reserves (gold = SDR 35 per ounce), SDR billions

1 2 3 5 5

Weaknesses
2.1.02 2.2.08 2.3.15 2.4.05 2.4.01
Government budget surplus/deficit Percentage of GDP Corporate tax rate on profit Maximum tax rate, calculated on profit before tax Bribing and corruption do not exist (Survey) Foreign investors are free to acquire control in domestic companies (Survey) Customs' authorities do facilitate the efficient transit of goods (Survey)

51 47 45 44 44

152

IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARBOOK 2008

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COMPETITIVENESS TRENDS - FACTOR BREAKDOWN

INDIA

BUSINESS EFFICIENCY
04 05 06 18 20 20 07 19 08 Sub-Factor Rankings :
Productivity & Efficiency Labor Market Finance Management Practices Attitudes and Values

2008
33 5 23 29 11

20

Strengths
3.2.01 3.2.05 3.2.04 3.2.03 3.5.01
Compensation levels Estimates: Total hourly compensation for manufacturing workers (wages + supplementary benefits), US$ Working hours Average number of working hours per year Remuneration of management Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$ Remuneration in services professions Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$ Attitudes toward globalization are generally positive in your society (Survey)

3 4 6 6 7

Weaknesses
3.1.01 3.1.04 3.2.14 3.2.11 3.3.05
Overall productivity (PPP) Estimates: GDP (PPP) per person employed, US$ Labor productivity (PPP) Estimates: GDP (PPP) per person employed per hour, US$ Female labor force Percentage of total labor force Labor force Percentage of population Investment risk Euromoney country credit-worthiness scale from 0-100

55 55 51 51 42

INFRASTRUCTURE
04 48 05 46 06 47 50 07 08 Sub-Factor Rankings :
Basic Infrastructure Technological Infrastructure Scientific Infrastructure Health and Environment Education

2008
40 41 29 51 54

49

Strengths
4.3.14 4.3.13 4.2.05 4.2.10 4.5.18
Youth interest in science is strong (Survey) Science in schools is sufficiently emphasized (Survey) Mobile telephone costs Mobile cellular tariffs - US$ per 1 minute (local) Internet costs Cost for 20 hours dial-up per month, US$ Qualified engineers are available in your labor market (Survey)

2 2 3 3 5

Weaknesses
4.5.03 4.2.04 4.2.09 4.2.08 4.4.10
Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education) Ratio of students to teaching staff Mobile telephone subscribers Number of subscribers per 1000 inhabitants Internet users Number of internet users per 1000 people / Source: Computer Industry Almanac Computers per capita Number of computers per 1000 people / Source: Computer Industry Almanac Human development index Combines economic - social - educational indicators / Source: Human Development Report

55 55 55 55 54

IMD WORLD COMPETITIVENESS YEARBOOK 2008

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