GEOLOGA ESTRUCTURAL 2011 1) CORTEZA TERRESTRE PLACAS TECTNICAS

a) Estructura interna de la Tierra. Zonas y subdivisiones segn parmetros geofsicos. Caractersticas fsicas, qumicas y reolgicas de ncleo, manto y corteza. Caractersticas sismolgicas. Temperatura. Densidad. Geoqumica. Mineraloga. Reologa.

b) Corteza terrestre. Placas Litosfricas. Placas principales. Movimiento de placas. Tipos crustales. Secciones tipo y principales propiedades fsicas. Provincias Geolgicas a Escala Global. Edad de los eventos TermoTectnicos a Escala Global.

ESTRUCTURA INTERNA DE LA TIERRA

The internal structure of the Earth reveals layers of different composition and physical properties. 1) that the vast majority of Earth material resides in both the Mantle and the Core, 2) that the crust is thicker under the continents than under the ocean, 3) that layers may show more than one state (e.g. solid and liquid), which itself leads to 4) that boundaries between zones of different physical properties (e.g. lithosphere, astenosphere, mesosphere) do not coincide with compositional boundaries. nd Edition (Skinner et. Al., 1999). Figure from The Blue Planet, 2

CARACTERSTICAS FSICAS Y QUMICAS

SUBDIVISIN GEOFSICA Y SUBDIVISIN REOLGICA-GEOTECTNICA DE LA TIERRA

Obsrvese que las ondas S no se transmiten a partir de los 3000 km y hasta los 5000 km. LVZ: zona de baja velocidad. La subdivisin de la columna de la izquierda est basada en datos geofsicos, en tanto que la columna de la derecha, lo est en el comportamiento reolgico de los materiales (Subdivisin Geotectnica). (Tomado de Karey & Vine, 1990).

FORMACIN DE CORTEZA OCENICA

Formation of oceanic crust at rift zones located in the mid-oceanic ridges. Beneath the rift zone upwellings of magma occur in the mantle. These upwellings produce fissures and volcanoes on the ocean floor surface. The added rock, produced from the solidification of magma, pushes previously formed oceanic crust horizontally away from the rift zone like a conveyor belt. Ocean crust is returned to the mantle through subduction. This can occur when ocean crust meets continental crust or other ocean plates.

Principales Placas Tectnicas

Principales rasgos y lmites de las Placas Tectnicas

LAS INTERACCIONES EN LOS LIMITES DE PLACAS DETERMINAN LOS REGIMENES TECTNICOS EN LOS MARGENES Y HACIA EL INTERIOR DE LAS PLACAS

CICLO DE WILSON
The cyclical opening and closing of ocean basins caused by movement of the Earth's plates. The Wilson cycle begins with a rising plume of magma and the thinning of the overlying crust. As the crust continues to thin due to extensional tectonic forces, an ocean basin forms and sediments accumulate along its margins. Subsequently subduction is initiated on one of the ocean basin's margins and the ocean basin closes up.

When the crust begins to thin again, another cycle begins.

The Wilson cycle is named after the Canadian geophysicist J. Tuzo Wilson (1908-1993).

PROVINCIAS GEOLGICAS A ESCALA GLOBAL

A geologic province is defined as "any large area or region considered as a whole, all parts of which are characterized by similar features or by a history differing significantly from that of adjacent areas" (Glossary of Geology, 1980). We divide geologic provinces into six main categories: shield, platform, orogen, basin, large igneous province, and extended crust.

EDAD LTIMOS EVENTOS TERMOTECTNICOS

Thermo-tectonic age (or, age of the last thermo-tectonic event) refers to the age in which the last major event to influence the crustal structure took place. This event is generally consistent with the geologic province. It is assumed that, in the time since this event took place, the crustal structure was not significantly modified by more recent tectonic events, although cooling processes will have effected some crustal parameters through time

TIPOS CRUSTALES
SEGMENTOS DE LA CORTEZA QUE EXHIBEN SIMILARES CARACTERSTICAS GEOLGICAS Y GEOFSICAS, tales como: Espesor cortical Espesor y Presencia / Ausencia de diferentes tipos de Corteza Flujo Calrico Estabilidad Tectnica

Distribucin areal y volumtrica de los tipos crustales ms importantes