What is Yarn Count & How It is calculated

Count is very important factor for the Textile Yarn Manufacturing. Maintaining the yarn count is mandatory to retain the quality of a yarn and fabrics. Now read the basic things about yarn count at below:

Definition of Count: According to the Textile Institute Count is a number of indicating the mass per unit length or length per unit mass of yarn. There are several count system of yarn. These count systems have been divided in two ways. One is Direct System where length is fixed and another is Indirect system where weight is fixed. 1. Direct System (Length Fixed): A). Tex: Weight of yarn in gm present in 1000 meter length. It is a universal system of counting the yarn. B). Denier: Weight of yarn in gm present in 9000 meter length. It is basically used for man made fiber. C) Pounds Per Spindle: Weight of yarn in lbs present in 1440 yards length. 1. Indirect System ( Weight Fixed): A). English Cotton Count: No. of hanks of 840 yds present in 1 lb of yarn. B) Metric Count: No. of hanks of 1000 meters present in 1 kg of yarn. C) Worsted count: No. of hanks of 560 yds present in 1 lb of Yarn. It is basically used for Wool.

If you want to know more about count system you may follow another post. link of yarn count.

What is Yarn Count |How to Find Out Direct, Indirect, Tex, Denier Count
Here is the process terms on how to find out a yarn count and the basic things of count:

Yarn Count:
Count is the numerical expression of coarseness or fineness of the yarn.

Types of Yarn Count:

Count is basically two types- 1. Direct Count 2. Indirect Count.

Direct Count:
In direct system length unit is fixed but weight unit is variable. In this system the weight of fixed length of yarn is calculated and expressed by different weiht unit especially gram. In this system yarn will be coarser if the number is increased. Direct system is classified normally into two- 1. Denier 2. Tex.

Denier Yarn Count System:

In this system, the length of yarn is 9000 m. if weight of 9000 m length of yarn is 40 gram the count of that yarn will be 40 denier.

Tex:
In tex system weight of 1000 m length of yarn is considered and expressed by gram. Such as, if weight of 1000m length of yarn is 20 gram, the count of that yarn will be 20 tex.

Lbs/ Spindle:
Weight of 14,400 yds jute yarn is calculated and expressed by lbs. That means, if 14,400 yds jute yarn weight is 8 lbs, the count of that jute yarn will be 8 lbs/ spindle.

Indirect Count:
In indirect system the count is classified into two groups. One is English cotton count system and another is Metric system.

English Cotton Count System:

Here weight unit is fixed but length unit is variable. In this system the number of hank of 840 yds yarn in one lbs is the number of English cotton count. Higher the number of count, finer the yarn. the lower the number of count, the coarser the yarn. It is expressed by (Ne).

Metric System:
In this count system number of hank of 560 yds yarn in one kg is the number of metric count. It is expressed by (Nm).

What are the assumptions of an Ideal Yarn Properties?

The following yarn properties should have a textile yarn if it is said as a ideal yarn1. The yarn in circular in cross-section and is uniform along its length. 2. Yarn is composed of concentric layers of different radial. 3. Each fibre follows a uniform helical path around one of the concentric cylinder so that its distance from yarn axis remains constant. 4. A fibre at the centre will follow a straight line of the axis.

5. The axis of circular cylinders coir sides with yarn axis. 6. The number of filaments or fibres crossing the unit area is constant; that is the density of packing. Fibres in the yarn are constant throughout the model. 7. Every filament in the yarn will have the same amount of twist per unit length. 8. The yarn consists of very large number of filaments. If the above mentioned yarn properties is absent on any yarn than the yarn should not be allowed on weaving to make fabric. Because it will not be able to give you a perfect weaving combination where the warp and weft yarns parameter is mandatory to be maintained.

Logic of Twist Contraction & Retraction factor of Textile Yarn

Twist contraction and retraction is very necessary to know for the best service on yarn spinning section. By contraction and retraction factor you will know when the textile yarn is followed a longer path for migration during twisting or how to maintain the draft setting properly.

Twist Contraction or Textile Yarn:

Normally before twisting, yarn contains textile fibre individually in extended state. By twisting yarn is contracted and mass per unit length increases because when yarns are

twisted, the fibres in the yarn have to follow a longer path for migration. For staple fibre yarn, this phenomenon is called contraction. For filament yarn this is called retraction.

Contraction Factor:
Contraction factor indicates the factor by which the draft must be adjusted to prevent the twist contraction from decreasing the size or count of staple spun yarn. Contraction factor may be expressed as, CY = Length of Zero Twist Yarn / Length of twisted yarn. The contraction factor, which ranges from 1 for no contraction to infinity for contraction to zero length.

Retraction Factor of Yarn:

In represents the fractional decrease in length or increase in the linear density or twisting continuous filament yarns. Retraction factor is expressed as, RY = Length of zero twisted yarn length/ Length of zero twit yarn.

Yarn Spinning Classes | How many types a yarn has?

There are several classification of the spinning yarn. According to the various factor used on textile spinning the yarn has been classified as below:

1. Types of yarn on the basis of processing machines used in the ring processing line:
a) Carded Yarn.

b) Combed Yarn.

2. Types of yarn on the basis of spinning machine/frame useda) Ring Yarn b) Rotor Yarn c) Air-jet Yarn 3. According to raw materialsa) Short Staple- Cotton, Wool. b) Long Staple- Jute, Silk.

What is Spinning Yarn:

Yarn is the product of Spinning which is used to make fabric.

Neps in Textiles | Classification of Neps & Neps Count

Neps is the mostly discussed textile yarn, fiber & fabric faults. In Todays textile class I will give some basic idea about neps in textile raw materials and its type with count.

Definition of Neps
Neps may be considered as small tight balls of entangled fibers which lead to the downgrading or yarn and fabric. The cross-sectional size of neps is + 140% to +400% of normal yarn and its fault length is 1 mm.

Classification of Neps
For cotton fiber; there are five types of Neps. These are 1. 2. 3. 4. Process Neps: Commonly produced by faulty carding or up to spinning yarn. Mixed Neps: Fibres tangle around a foreign materials. For instance Grit. Immature Neps: Generally form by processing immature fibre. Homogeneous Dead Neps: A tangle of nearly all dead fibres.

5. Fuzz Neps: A fault of short fuzz fibers.

Count of Neps
Nep count is the no. of neps per 100 square inches of card web forming ( a standerd hank of sliver of 12 NE on a 40 inch wide card).

How To Measure the Count of Neps?

At first a web is collected from the card placed on a 10 inch 10 inch black board. Then the neps are counted and the no. of neps found is corrected fro any difference in hank or card width. Mathematically, Nep Count, n = m 100 [ m = no. of neps per inch square card web].