1st Quarter Final Study Guide

Chap. 1

Scientific Method 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Make Observation / Ask a Question. Form a Hypothesis. Design an Experiment / Test Hypothesis. Analyze results. Draw Conclusions.

6. Communicate results.

Oceanography

Branch of Earth science that studies the ocean. It covers a wide range of topics, including marine organisms and ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and the geology of the sea floor; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries.

Ocean Exploration Technology o o o o Vessels Submersibles Diving Observation Tools

Chap. 2 Ecology o Ecosystems Integrated study of biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework. This science examines how ecosystems work and relates this to their components such as chemicals, bedrock, soil, plants, and animals.

Communities

An assemblage of two or more populations of different species occupying the same geographical area. The term community has a variety of uses. In its simplest form it refers to groups of organisms in a specific place and/or time, for example, "the fish community of Lake Ontario before industrialization".

Populations

A major sub-field of ecology that deals with the dynamics of species populations and how these populations interact with the environment. It is the study of how the population sizes of species living together in groups change over time and space.

Organisms

Keystone species o A species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its abundance.

Habitat o An ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular species of animal, plant or other type of organism.

Niche

Describes the relational position of a species or population in its ecosystem to each other.

Endotherm

Organism that produces heat through internal means.

Ectotherm

Organisms that control body temperature through external means.

Phytoplankton

The autotrophic component of the plankton community.

Logarithmic & Exponential population growth Carbon Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle, Hydrologic (Water) Cycle, Nitrogen Fixation Physical Environment: Sunlight, Temp, Salinity, Pressure, Metabolic Requirements & Wastes Osmosis. Biological Environment: Competition, Predator/Prey, Symbiosis, Eutrophication, Aerobic & Anaerobic Zones: Pelagic & Benthic p.22-23 Flow of energy: Food web, food chain, energy pyramid, 10% rule, ecological efficiency

Chap 3.

Pangea, Laurasia, Gondwanaland, Layers of the Earth Continental Drift, Plate Tectonics, Plate boundaries, Subduction Zone, Seafloor spreading Continental Margin Features & Ocean Basin Features, 4 types of Sediments

Chap. 4

Physical Properties of Water & Chemical properties of Water. Water Chemistry & Green House Gases