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Solutions
Chapter 6
Parts of Mixture
Solute
Solvent
The Liquid
Chapter 6: Acids/Bases
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Miscible
Chapter 6: Acids/Bases
Characteristics of solutions
Distribution of particles is uniform (homogeneous) Components dont separate on standing Cannot be separated by filtration Make solutions of different concentrations Solutions are transparent
Though they may be colored
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Saturated Solution
Solvent contains all the solute it can hold
Unsaturated
Solvent has potential to hold more solute
Supersaturated
Contains more solute than saturated? How did a solution come to be supersaturated?
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Chapter 6: Acids/Bases
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Chapter 6: Acids/Bases
Electrolytes
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Non-Electrolyte
Covalent Molecules: Polar molecules dissolve polar molecules
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0.2 M C6H12O6
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Example:
3.0 M HCl =
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Examples
How would we prepare 2.0L of a 1.06 M aqueous solution of KCl?
If we dissolve 0.440 g of KSCN in enough water to make 340. mL of solution, what is the molarity of the resulting solution?
If a 0.300 M glucose solution is available for intravenous infusion, how many mL of this solution are needed to deliver 10.0 g of glucose?
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Dilution
Meaning of Dilution Add water Adding water doesnt change the amount of solute, but it does change the concentration
M1V1=M2V2 (Mconc)(Vconc)=(Mdil)(Vdil)
Moles of solute before dilute=Moles of solute after dilution
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Dilution Examples
1. We are given a solution of 12.0 M HCl and want to prepare 300. mL of 0.600 M HCl solution. How do we prepare it? 2. Consider 5.00 mL of a solution labeled 6.00 M HCl and we now add enough water to give a total volume of 14.00 mL. What is the concentration of new dilute solution?
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Chapter 8.88.9
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Example:
3.0 M HCl =
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Stoichiometry
Mole A
# of particles* of A
6.022 X 1023
particles*A=1mole A
Mass A
__g A** = 1 mole A
(grams)
*Atom (element)
PERIODIC TABLE!!!!
# of particles* of B
Mass B
__g B** = 1 mole B
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(grams)
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Stoichiometry
Mole A
Mass A
__g A** = 1 mole A
(grams)
(grams)
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Titration Vocabulary
Titration: Technique for determining concentration of an unknown reaction End point Equivalence point
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