RESONANCE PAGE - 1

27
th
Indian National Mathematical Olympiad - 2012
Time : 4 hours February 05, 2012
Instructions :
* Calculators (in any form( and protractors are not allowed.
* Rulers and compasses are allowed.
* Answer all the questions. Maximum marks : 100
* Answer to each question should start on a new page. Clearly indicate the question number.
1. Let ABCD be a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle. Suppose AB =
2 2 +
and AB subtends 135 at the centre
of the circle. Find the maximum possible area of ABCD.
Sol. cos 135 =
2
2
r 2
) 2 2 ( r 2 +

2
r
2
2
= 2r
2
(2 +
2
)
2r
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2
1
1
= 2 +
2
2r
2
(
2
+ 1) = 2
2
+ 2
r
2
= 1
r = 1
Area of ABCD =
2
1
sin 135 +
2
1
(sin o + cos | + sin )
=
2 2
1
+
2
1
(sin o + sin | + sin )
s
2 2
1
+
2
3
sin
|
.
|

\
| + | + o
3
s
2 2
1
+
2
3
sin 75 { o + | + = 225}
s
2 2
1
+
2
3
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
2 2
1 3
s
2 4
2
+
2 4
3 3 3 +
s
2 4
5 3 3 +
.
RESONANCE PAGE - 2
2. Let p
1
< p
2
< p
3
< p
4
and q
1
< q
2
< q
3
< q
4
be two sets of prime numbers such that p
4
p
1
= 8 and
q
4
q
1
= 8. Suppose p
1
> 5 and q
1
> 5. Prove that 30 divides p
1
q
1
.
Sol. Since p
1
< p
2
< p
3
< p
4
and p
4
p
1
= 8 ......(i)
q
1
< q
2
< q
3
< q
4
and q
4
q
1
= 8 ......(ii)
We know that every prime greater than 3 must be of the form 6k + 1, 6k + 5, it can be deduced that p
1
and
q
1
must be of the form 6k + 5, 6 + 5.
Hence 6 divides p
1
q
1
.
Further between a gap of 8 (5 odd numbers appear including 1 and last) e.g.
Also if 6k + 5 is prime than we want
6k + 5, 6(k + 1) + 1, 6(k + 1) + 5, 6(k + 2) + 1 to be prime for condition (i) or (ii) to be fulfilled. Clearly
6(k + 1) + 3 should be multiple of '3' as well as 5 i.e. 15
Now, if p
1
= q, then 10 divides p
1
q
1
is trivially true else gap between p
1
q
1
must be '30' because after
6(k + 1) + 3 another multiple of 15 will be even and '30' more than that can be odd and of the form 6r + 3 so
that remaining '4' can be prime is a gap of 8
Hence proved
3. Define a sequence ) ( ),... x ( f ), x ( f ), x ( f
2 1 0
of functions by
f
0
(x) = 1, f
1
(x) = x, (f
n
(x))
2
1 = f
n+1
(x) f
n1
(x), for n > 1.
Prove that each f
n
(x) is a polynomial with integer coefficients.
Sol. Putting n + 1 in place of n we get
2
1 n
f
+
(x) =
) x ( f
) 2 n ( +
) x ( f
n
+ 1 ...(1)
similarlly
) x ( f
2
) 1 n (
= ) x ( f
n
) x ( f
2 n
+ 1 ...(2)
multiply (1) & (2)
2 2
n
) 1 ) x ( f ( = ) x ( f
2 n+
f
n
2
(x) ) x ( f
2 n
+ 1 + ) x ( f
2 n+
) x ( f
n
+ ) x ( f ) x ( f
2 n n
) x ( f
3
n
) x ( f 2
n
= ) x ( f
2 n+
) x ( f
n
) x ( f
2 n
+ ) x ( f
2 n+
+ ) x ( f
2 n
) x ( f
3
n
2 ) x ( f
n
= ) x ( f
2 n
) x ( f
2
1 n+
+ ) x ( f
2 n+
) x ( f
2 n+
= ) x ( f
3
n
2 ) x ( f
n
) x ( f
2 n
) x ( f
2
1 n+
since f
2
(x) = x
2
1, f
3
(x) = x
3
2x
so other polynomials are in the form of these (since they one polynomial with integer coefficient f
n
(x) will be
polynomial with integer coefficients.
4. Let ABC be a triangle. An interior point P of ABC is said to be good if we can find exactly 27 rays emanating
from P intersecting the sides of the triangle ABC such that the triangle is divided by these rays into 27
smaller triangles of equal area. Determine the number of good points for a given triangle ABC.
Sol. Three of these rays will be passing through vertices.
Remaining 24 rays are to distributed in three groups such that they from equal triangles.
Let x, y, z be number of rays on three sides.
x + y + z = 24
Number of such points is equal to number of non-negative integral solutions

2
26
24
2 24
C C =
+
5. Let ABC be an acuteangled triangle, let D,E,F be points on BC, CA, AB respectively such that AD is the
median, BE is the internal angle bisector and CF is the altitude. Suppose Z FDE = ZC, Z DEF = Z A and
ZEFD = ZB. Prove that ABC is equilateral.
Sol. AABC & DEF are similar
FD = ka, DE = kb and FE = kc
In ABDF
cos B =
) BD ( ) BF ( 2
) FD ( ) BD ( ) BF (
2 2 2
+
RESONANCE PAGE - 3
cos B =
B cos
2
a
2
a k
4
a
B cos a
2
2 2
2
2 2
+
a
2
cos
2
B = a
2
cos
2
B +
4
a
2
k
2
a
2
k
2
=
4
1
k =
2
1
FD =
2
a
, DE =
2
b
and FE =
2
c
Now In ABFD
BD = DF Z DBF = ZBFD = B
Z BDF = t 2B Z EDC = 2BC
Z DEC = t 2B
In A DEC by sine rule
) B 2 ( sin 2
a
t
=
C sin 2
b
2 sin A sin C = 2 sin B sin 2B
sin A sin C = 2 sin
2
B cos B

B sin
A sin
.
B sin
C sin
= 2 cos B

2
b
c a
= 2 cosB

c a
b c a
2 2 2
+
=
2
b
c a
(b
2
c
2
) (b
2
a
2
) = 0
b = c or b = a
Case- I b = c then
Sine rule in ADEC
c a
b a
) C B 2 ( Sin
+
=
2
b
C Sin
b = c B = C

b a
b a
B sin
+
=
2
b
B sin

2
b
(a + b) = ab b
2
= ab
b = a a = b = c
RESONANCE PAGE - 4
Case-II If a = b then CF is median
AF = FE =
2
c
& Z AEF = A
By sine rule in A AFE
A sin 2
c
=
B 2 sin ) c a (
c b
+
cos B =
) c a (
b
+
(a = b A= B)

a 2
c
=
) c a (
b
+
a = c ( a = b)
6. Let f : Z Z be an function satisfying f(0) =0, f(1) = 0 and
(i) f(xy) + f(x) f(y) = f(x) + f(y);
(ii) (f(xy) f(0)) f(x) f(y) = 0,
for all x,y e Z, simultaneously.
(a) Find the set of all possible values of the function f.
(b) If f(10) = 0 and f(2) = 0, find the sets of all integers n such that f(n) = 0.
Sol. Put x = y = 0 in (i)
f(0) f(0) = f(0) f(0) = 1
(ii) (f(x y) 1) f(x) f(y) = 0
put y = 0
(f(x) 1) f(x) = 0 f(x) = 0 or 1
set of possible values of the function f(x) are 0, 1
(b) f(2) = 0 put y = 2
f(2x) = f(x) f(2) = f(4) = f(8) = 0
x = 5 f(10) = f(5) = 0
put y = 5 in (ii)
(f(x 5) 1) f(x) = 0
put x = 9 (f(4) 1) f(9) = 0
f(2) = f(4) = 0 f(9) = 0
x = 7 (f(2) 1) f(7) = 0 f(7) = 0
x = 6 (f(1) 1)f(6) = 0 f(6) = 0 f(6) = 0 f(3) = 0
put x = 0 f(5) = 1 f(5) = 0
f(2x) = f(x) n e {5, 10, 20, 40,....}