CHAPTER 3: INTEGRATION [ckgubid/AMF5/W8/Tue/KYRHG] Name: (I) Symbol of Integration (II) Integration is the reverse process of differentiation. If dy !

f ' ( x ) , then dx

f ' ( x) dx ! y  c , where c is a constant.

Example 1: (i) Soln: @ dy ! 2x dx Given y ! x 2  c , where c is a constant, find dy . Hence, find dx

2 x dx.

2 x dx ! x

c dy . Hence, find 9 x 2  4 x dx . dx

(ii) Soln:

Given y ! 3 x 3  2 x 2  c , where c is a constant, find dy ! 9x 2  4x dx

9x

 4 x dx ! 3 x 3  2 x 2  c

Exercise 1 Differentiate each of the following expressions with respect to x. (a) y ! 3 x 2  5 (b) y ! 4x 4  5x3  2x  1 (c) y! 4  5x  2 x

(d)

y ! 3 x  5

(e)

y ! 3 x(4 x  1) 3

(f)

y!

 4x 2x 1

y ! u.v

dy dx

!v

du dx

u

dv dx y!

u v

dy dx

v !

du dx

u v
2

dv dx

(III) INDEFINITE INTEGRAL

a
Example 2: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)

d x ! ax  c

10 dx ! 10 x  c  20 dx ! 20 x  c 2 2  5 dx !  5 x  c 0.3 dx ! 0.3x  c T dx ! Tx  c

x
Example 3: (a)
8 x dx !

dx !

x n 1 c n 1

n { 1

x 81 c 8 1 x9 ! c 9 x 51 c 5 1 x6 ! c 6

(b)

5  x dx ! 

(c)

x dx ! x dx ! x c 1 1 2
3 1 1 2

1 2

x2 ! c 3 2
3

2x 2 2 x3 !  c or c 3 3

(d)

1
4

dx ! 1 x  4 dx 1x 41 ! c  3 1 1x 3 ! c 2 1 ! 3 c 2x
n ax dx !

ax n 1 c n 1

n { 1

Example 4: (a)

4 5x dx !

5 x 41 c 4 1 5x 5 ! c 5 ! x5  c

(b)

3 3 x 3  4 x 3 dx !  4 dx 3 x 31 c ! 4  3  1 ! ! 3x  2 c 4(2)

3x  2 c 8 3 ! 2 c 8x (c)

2 2 dx ! 1 dx x x2 ! 2 x 2 dx ! 2x c 1  1 2
1 1 1  1 2  1

2x 2 ! c 1 2

! 4x 2  c !4 x c

or

ax  b n ax  b dx !
Example 5: (a)
4 (5 x  6) dx !

n 1

(a )(n  1)

c

n { 1

5 x  6 41  c
(5)(4  1) 25

5 x  6 5

c

(b)

 3(1  4 x) 51  3(1  4 x) dx ! (4)(5  1)  c

5

 3(1  4 x) 6 c  24 (1  4 x) 6 1 ! c or !   4 x 6  c 1 8 8

(c)

(4  x )

dx ! 4(4  x )  4 dx ! ! 4(4  x )  41 c (1)(4  1)

4(4  x ) 3 c 3 4 ! c 3(4  x ) 3 Exercise 2 1. Integrate each of the following: 2 (a) 2 x  x  3 dx (c) 2.

(b) (d)

( x  4)(5  3x

) dx

7  4 x  2 x dx 2  5x x dx
4 2 3

Find the integral for each of the following: (a) (c)

8  3(4 x  1) dx

(b)

 2(3  4 x ) 4 dx 5

( 4  5 x)

dx

3.

Given that

5(1  3x)

4

dx ! m(1  3 x) n  c , find the values of m and of n.

Exercise 3 (Extra) y Integrate each of the following expressions with respect to x. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (g)

3  x dx ( x  7)( x  2) dx x  x  4 dx
3

4x3  x 2  2 dx x2 9 3 x 3  2 x dx 6 2 4 x 2 ( x  3x ) dx 25 x 2  9 5x  3 dx 5x 2  8x  4 x  2 dx

(IV) Finding the Equation of Tangent, Given the Gradient Function Example 6:

dy . dx

Find the equation of the curve for each of the following, given the gradient function given point (x, y). (a) Soln: y ! 4 x 2  x dx 4x3 x 2  c 3 2 4(1) 3 (1) 2  c 3! 3 2 13 c! 6 4 x 3 x 2 13 @y !   # 3 2 6 y! 4 dy ! 2  x 1 dx x dy ! 4x 2  x dx ; (1, 3) (b) dy x 3  5 ! dx x3 ; 1 1 , 2 2

dy at the dx

(c)

(1,1)

Exercise 4 1. 2. Given that dy ! 2 x  1 and y =3 when x = 1, express y in terms of x. dx

Given the gradient of the curve is x(4  x 2 ) and the curve passes through point (2, 4). Find the equation of the curve. The gradient function of a curve is given by (2, 20) , find the equation of the curve. dy ! 4 x  1 . If the curve passes through point dx

3.

4.

Find the equation of the curve which passes through point  , 1 and for which 1 dy ! x 2 (2 x  1) . dx Given that x(3x  8) is the gradient function of a curve. The curve passes through points (2,3) and (5, a). (a) Find the equation of the curve. (b) Find the value of a. The curve for which dy ! 4 x  k , where k is a constant, has a turning point at  2,1 . dx

5.

6.

Find (a) the value of k, (b) the coordinates of the point at which the curve meets the y-axis. 7. The gradient function of a curve which passes through A(1,12) is 3 x 2  6 x . Find (a) the equation of the curve, (b) the coordinates of the turning points of the curve and determine whether each of the SPM 2004, Paper 2 turning points is a maximum or a minimum. A curve has a gradient function px 2  4 x , where p is a constant. The tangent to the curve at the point (1, 3) is parallel to the straight line y  x  5 ! 0 . Find (a) the value of p, (b) the equation of the curve. SPM 2005, Paper 2

8.