Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
2012
The views expressed in this presentation are the views of the author/s and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Asian Development Bank, or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this presentation and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The countries listed in this presentation do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.
Knowledge is a combination of data and information, to which is added expert opinion, skills, and experience, resulting in a valuable asset that aids decision making.
Knowledge is what you learn from experiencebefore, during, and after the event.
Knowledge Assets
Explicit Knowledge
Is codified knowledge Can be expressed in writing, drawings, computer programs, etc. Can be transmitted in various forms
Tacit Knowledge
Is hard to communicate but can be shared in discussions, storytelling, and personal interactions
Knowledge Assets
Explicit Knowledge = Media-based
Paper-based, multimedia, digitally indexed, digitally active, etc.
Requirements
1. Activities should be aligned or integrated into business processes. 2. Activities should be balanced according to the specificities of each process and organization. A knowledge management solution should not focus on one or two activities in isolation.
Identify Knowledge
Create Knowledge
Use Knowledge
Store Knowledge
Share Knowledge
Knowledge Management
Knowledge management is the fusion of information management and organizational learning. Knowledge management is the explicit and systematic management of processes enabling vital individual and collective knowledge resources to be identified, created, stored, shared, and used for benefit.
It is the provision of the right knowledge to the right people at the right time, in such ways that people can apply it to improve organizational performance.
Strategic Framework
Leadership
Organization
Technology
Learning
Leadership
Organizatio n
Technology
Learning
Management Science
Organization
Technology
Learning
Cultivate and utilize virtual teams and exchange forums for knowledge management.
Learning
Learning is the acquisition of knowledge or skills through instruction, study, and experience. Learning is driven by organization, people, knowledge, and technology working in harmonyurging better and faster learning, and increasing the relevance of an organization. Learning is an integral part of knowledge management and its ultimate end.
Data Information Know What Reductionist Knowledge Know How Wisdom Know Why Systemic
A services catalog;
Favorite links;
Linear Thinking
Organizational Change Talent Management
Social Innovations
Teamwork
Dissemination
Knowledge Capture and Storage Knowledge leaks in various ways at various times.
Knowledge Harvesting
Reporting Technology Platforms
Management Techniques
Managers recognize and reinforce the link between knowledge management and organizational performance. Managers regularly apply relevant knowledge management tools and act as role models. Terms of reference for staff contain references to knowledge management. Knowledge management is considered to be everyones responsibility. A few positions are dedicated to knowledge management. Managers increasingly display leadership behaviors that encourage knowledge management. There are incentives for knowledge management.
Collaboration Mechanisms
Collaboration is a defining principle across ADB. Networks have clearly defined roles and responsibilities and tangible deliverables, and conduct
Discussions of ADBs knowledge products and services are frequent. A knowledge management strategy exists but is not imbedded in ADBs business plans. A set of knowledge management tools is available and understood
Networks are organized around business needs and are framed by a governance document. Relevant management tools for collaboration are in place and well used. External parties are included in some networks.
Management Techniques
Knowledge management is viewed as the responsibility of a specialist working group. A few managers talk the talk and sometimes walk the walk.
Collaboration Mechanisms
Staff use networks and working groups to achieve results. Peers help peers across ADBs organizational boundaries.
2
1
Many staff say that sharing knowledge is important to ADBs success. A few staff use knowledge management tools to learn and share. Isolated staff with a passion for knowledge management begin to talk about how important and difficultit is.
A few managers give staff the time to share knowledge and learn, but there is little visible support from the top.
Ad hoc personal networking to achieve objectives is used by individual staff members who know one another. This is increasingly recognized as vital to ADB. Knowledge hoarders seem to be rewarded. There are few cross-cutting collaborations. Silos (hierarchical categories) are hard to break down. Asking for help is considered to be a weakness rather than a strength.
Knowledge management is viewed as a fad. Many managers still believe that knowledge is power. Managers think that networking leads to lack of accountability.
Learning before, during, and after is the way things are done in ADB. Beneficiaries and partners participate in review sessions. External knowledge plays a role in shaping program or project processing and administration.
Key knowledge is kept current and easily accessible. An individual staff member acts as the guardian of each knowledge asset, and encourages people to contribute. Many do.
2 1
Individual staff members learn before doing and program review sessions. They sometimes capture what they learn for the purpose of sharing but few colleagues access it in practice. Staff are conscious of the need to learn from what they do but are rarely given time. Sharing is for the benefit of specific working groups.
A few working groups capture lessons learned after a program or project and look for knowledge before starting a program or project. There is potential access to much knowledge, but it is not well summarized. Individual staff members take the time to capture lessons but do so in a confusing variety of formats. Most staff do not contribute to knowledge products and services, and few search them. No exit interviews and few handovers take place.
ADB = Asian Development Bank, OED = Operations Evaluation Department, IEC = international evaluation community. Note: = more than half of the items in the questionnaire were rated as often the case to always the case by most of the respondents; ? = half of the items in the questionnaire were rated as often the case to always the case by most of the respondents, while the other half were created as sometimes the case to never; X = more than half of the items were rated as sometimes the case to never by most respondents. Source: ADB. 2008. Auditing the Lessons Architecture. Manila. Available http://www.adb.org/publications/auditing-lessons-architecture
Organization
Technology
Learning
Performance Today
Further Reading
ADB. 2008. Notions of Knowledge Management: Available: www.adb.org/Documents/Information/Knowledge-Solutions/Notions-KnowledgeManagement.pdf ADB. 2009. Glossary of Knowledge Management. Available: www.adb.org/publications/glossary-knowledge-management ADB. 2009. The Roots of an Emerging Discipline. Available: www.adb.org/publications/roots-emerging-discipline ADB. 2009. Building a Learning Organization. Available: www.adb.org/publications/building-learning-organization ADB. 2009. A Primer on Organizational Learning. Available: www.adb.org/publications/primer-organizational-learning
ADB. 2010. Seeding Knowledge Solutions Before, During, and After. Available: www.adb.org/publications/seeding-knowledge-solutions-during-and-after
ADB. 2011. InFocus: Knowledge Solutions. Available: www.adb.org/publications/focusknowledge-solutions
Olivier Serrat
Principal Knowledge Management Specialist Knowledge Management Center Regional and Sustainable Development Department Asian Development Bank
knowledge@adb.org www.adb.org/knowledge-management www.facebook.com/adbknowledgesolutions www.scribd.com/knowledge_solutions www.twitter.com/adbknowledge