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UNIT-1
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
U1.
Learning Objective
Escalating need for strategic information Building blocks of data warehouse Defining the business requirements
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
U1.
Operational computer
Information to run day to day business Event driven Not directly suitable for review from different point Different kind of information for Strategic decisions
eg which product line to expand, which market should be strength Trend over time Review Sales quantities by product, salesperson, region etc.
Executives
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
U1.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
U1.1
Manufacturing
Cost reduction Logistics management
Financial
Risk management Fraud detection
Utilities
Asset management Resource management
Airlines
Route profitability Yield management
Government
Manpower planning Cost control
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
U1.
Failures of Past decision-support systems, Operational versus decision-support systems Data warehousing the only viable solution
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
U1.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
U1.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
U1.2
do
we
mean
by
strategic
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
U1.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
U1.
Cont.. For making business objectives managers needs information for the following purpose: depth knowledge of companys operations. Monitor how the business factor change over time. Compare companys performance relative to competition and industry bench marks.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
U1.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
U1.3
Strategic information
This type of information needed to make decisions in formulation and execution of business strategies and objectives :
All these essentials information in one group is called Strategic Information
Strategic information is not for running the day to day operations of the business. It is important for the continued growth and survival of corporation.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Data Integrity
Information must be accurate and must conform to business rule.
Accessible
Easily accessible with responsive for analysis. intuitive access path and
Credible
Every business factor must have one and only one value.
Timely
Information must be available with in the stipulated time frame.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Escalating need for strategic information Information Crisis Technology trends Opportunities and risks Failure of past decision support systems
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
U1.4
Information Crisis.
In IT Dept. of big or small organization. various computer applications in company. data bases and the Quantities of data that support the operation of company. How many years worth of customer data is saved and available? How many years worth of financial data is kept in storage? 10years or 15 years Where is all this data ? On one platform? In legacy systems? In Client/server applications?
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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In organization we have lot of data, then why executives and managers uses this data for making strategic decisions?
Information Crisis Data available not accessible
Old technology/different platform
For proper decision making on over all corporate strategies and objectives Information integrated from all systems. Data needed for strategic decision making must be in a format suitable for analyzing trends.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Technology Trends
Computing Technology Main Frame Mini PC | Networking Client/Server
1950
60
70
80
90
2000
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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So, from the scenario we come to know that when information is scattered in different places with forms, it is difficult to use the available information in strategic Decisions.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor. U1.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Cont..
Making the Business Turn Get data in
wheels
of
of
Take an order Process a claim Make a shipment Generate an invoice Receive cash Reserve an air line seat
Shows the top-selling products. Shows the problem region. Shows the highest margins Alert whenever a district sells below target.
Operational systems support the basic business processes of the company Day to day business
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
U1.
History of decision support systems # Ad-Hoc Reports This was the earliest stage Users would send the request the IT dept. for special reports. IT would write special program typically one for each request, and produce the ad Hoc reports. # special Extract Programs That stage was attempt by IT to anticipate the reports that would be requested from time to time. IT would write a suit of programs and run the programs periodically to extract the data from various applications IT would create and keep the extract files to fulfill any request for special reports.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Cont..
# Small Applications In this Stage It formalized the extract process Create simple application based on extracted files. User could specify the parameters for each special report. The Report printing programs would prints the reports based on user-specified parameters # Information Center In early 1970s,Major corporations created Information centers. Information center, User could go to request ad hoc reports or view special reports on screen. These were predetermined reports or screens. IT personnel were there to help the users to obtain desired information.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Cont..
# Decision Support Systems In this Stage, Companies began to build more sophisticated systems to provide strategic information. Systems were menu driven and provided on line information. Systems were supported by extracted files. User could specify the parameters for each special report. Ability to print the reports.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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What is basic reason for failure of all previous attempts by IT to provide strategic information?
The fundamental reason for the inability to provide strategic information is that we have been trying all along to provide strategic information from Operational systems. These info. Sys. Like order processing, inventory control, claims processing etc. are not designed to provide strategic information. We must get info. from different type of systems, only special designed decision support systems can provide strategic information.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
U1.8
Pivot (rotate):
reorient the cube, visualization, 3D to series of 2D planes.
Other operations
drill across: involving (across) more than one fact table drill through: through the bottom level of the cube to its back-end relational tables (using SQL)
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Data Ware housing The only viable Solutions Need for different types of DSS to provide Strategic information. for analysis, discerning trends monitoring performance. Escalating Need for strategic information data ware housing is the only viable solution for providing Strategic information
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
U1.9
New environment for strategic information analytical 4 levels of analytical processing requirements
are
Running of Simple queries and report against current and historical data. Ability to perform What if Analysis in many different ways. Ability to Query, step back, analyze, and then continue to process to any desired length. Spot historical trends and apply them for future results.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Definition Data warehouse is an information environment Provides an integrated and total view of the enterprise Makes the enterprise current and historical information easily available for decision making Make decision support transaction possible without hindering operational system. Renders organizations information consistent Present a flexible and interactive source of strategic information
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
U1.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
U1.10
Conclusion
Operational system are not for strategic information Data warehouse is an computing environment not product to provide strategic information
Data analysis and decision support Flexible and interactive User driven
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Lets Discuss 1. How strategic information can increase the quality and realize opportunities with readily available strategic information
Insurance Company Airlines Company
Proposal to explain problems with reasons Why data warehouse is viable ? 2. A Senior Analyst (IT Dept.) of a company manufacturing automobile parts. Marketing VP complains about poor IT response in providing strategic information.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Data Warehouse :Building Block Defining Features Data warehouses and data marts Overview of the components Metadata in the data warehouse
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Defining Features
Key Defining Features of the Data ware house based on these Definitions. What is the nature of the Data in the Data Warehouse? How is this Data Different from the Data in any operational System? Why does it have to be different? How is the Data content in the Data Ware house used?
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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A data warehouse is a subject- o riented, integrated, time v - ariant, and nonvolatile collection of data in support of managements decision mking a process.W. H. Inmon Data warehousing:
The process of constructing and using data warehouses
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Data WarehouseSubject-Oriented
Organized around major subjects, such as customer, product, sales. Focusing on the modeling and analysis of data for decision makers, not on daily operations or transaction processing. Provide a simple and concise view around particular subject issues by excluding data that are not useful in the decision support process.
Operational Systems Data stored by individual applications. Data sets for an order processing application, These data sets provide the Data for all the functions for entering orders, Checking stock, Verifying customers credit, and assigning the order for shipment.
Subject-Oriented Data: But in Data Ware house, Data is stored by subjects. Business Subjects differ from organization to organization.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
U1.12
Data WarehouseIntegrated
Constructed by integrating multiple, heterogeneous data sources
relational databases, flat files, on-line transaction records
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Data WarehouseNon-Volatile
A physically separate store of data transformed from the operational environment. Operational update of data does not occur in the data warehouse environment. Does not require transaction processing, recovery, and concurrency control mechanisms Requires only two operations in data accessing: initial loading of data and access of data.
Data from an operational system is added, deleted as each transaction happens Data updates are common place and operational Database; volatile data in the Operational Databases
No update, once the data is captured in the data ware house, do not run individual transactions to change the data there. Non volatile in data warehouse
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
U1.13
Data Granularity
Operational system
Lowest level of detail lot of Data Daily details
Data warehouse
Data Granularity in a Data ware house refers to the level of details. Data summarized at different levels. Monthly/quarterly summary
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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When a query is posed to a client site, a meta-dictionary is used to translate the query into queries appropriate for individual heterogeneous sites involved, and the results are integrated into a global answer set Complex information filtering, compete for resources
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
U1.15
What is a data warehouse? A multi d - imensional data model Data warehouse building blocks
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Overview of Components
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Mgt. & Control Component Data Staging Component Data Storage Component & Meta data Component
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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External Data:
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Cont..
The 3 major functions need to be performed for getting the data ready. Data Extraction / Extract the Data: For data ware house extract the data using appropriate techniques from large amount of data received from the operational system Data Transformation: involves many forms of combining pieces of data from the different sources.
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Yearly refresh
Quarterly refresh
Data Sources
Data Warehouse
Monthly refresh
Daily refresh
Time consuming Initial load moves large volume of data Business condition determine refresh cycle
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor. U1.
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Cont.
3)Data Storage Component: The data Storage for the data ware house is a separate repository. The operational systems of our enterprise support the day-to-day operations. The Data repositories of the operational systems typically contain only the current data, while the data repository for a data ware house, we need to keep large volumes of historical data for analysis. So keep the data need to be kept in the data ware house in structures suitable for analysis, and not for quick retrieval of individual pieces of Information.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Cont...
4) Informational Delivery Component: Who are the user who need information from data warehouse. To Provide information to the wide community of Data Warehouse users. Novoice user
No training Prefabricated reports and present queries
Casual user
Need information once in while Need prepackaged information Navigate through data warehouse, create customer report, adhoc queries
The information delivery component includes a variety of information delivery. Such as, we may include several information delivery mechanisms, we provide for online queries and reports.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Data Warehouse
Information Delivery Component
Ad hoc reports
Data Marts
Statistical Analysis
Business Analyst
Data Mining
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
U1.19
Cont..
6) Management and Control Component: This component of the data ware house architecture sits on top of all the other components, The management and control component co-ordinates the services and activities with in the data warehouse. Moderates the information delivery to the users. Works with the database mgt. systems and enables data to be properly stored in the repositories. Monitors the movement of the data into the staging area to the data warehouse storage. Management and control component interact with metadata component to perform the management and control functions Metadata : source of information for management module
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor. U1.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Conclusion
The Data ware house is an informational environment that Provides an integrated and total view of the enterprise. Makes the enterprises current and historical information easily available for Decision Making. Makes Decision S upport transactions possible with out hindering Operational Systems. Renders the Organizations information Consistent. Presents a Flexible and interactive Source of Strategic information.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor. U1.
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Lets Discuss
1. Data Analyst on project building a data warehouse for an insurance company.
List all possible data sources from which data will be brought too data warehouse (State assumptions). Identify three operational applications that would feed into the data ware What would be the data load and refresh cycle
3. Identify potential users and information delivery methods for a data warehouse supporting large national grocery chain.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor. U1.
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Defining The Business Requirements Dimensional analysis Information packages Requirements gathering methods Requirements definition
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Dimensional Analysis
A data warehouse is an information delivery system. It is not about technology, but about solving users problems and providing strategic information to the user.
Requirement defining phase What information users need, not how the information will be provide
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Marketing Manager Sales statistics By product, summarized by product categories, daily, weekly, monthly, by sale districts, by distribution channel
Financial Controller Show expenses Listing actual vs budget, by months, quarters, annual, by budget line item, by district, by division, , summarized for whole company
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Multidimensional Data
10 47 30 12
Y NY
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
LA SF
Date
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0-D(apex) cuboid
1-D cuboids
time,item
time,location
item,location
location,supplier
time,supplier time,item,location
2-D cuboids
item,supplier
time,location,supplier
3-D cuboids
item,location,supplier
time,item,supplier
4-D(base) cuboid
time, item, location, supplier
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Delhi
TV sets
Product
Jan
r ap
Slice of product sale info (units sold)
Time
Ge og
hy
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Time
Claims
Airlines Company
Status Policy
Promotion
Time
Insurance Business
Sales units Product Status Store
Supermarket chain
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Year
Country
Class
Group 1
Hierarchies
Measured Facts : Forecast Sales, Budget Sales, Actual Sales An Information Packages
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor. U1.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Cont..
Business dimensions basis of IP Hierarchical levels for further processing
Drilling down and rolling up for analysis
Categories :
Data elements within business dimensions e.g. sales on holiday
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Cont..
Metrics for analyzing automobile
Actual sale price Option price Full price Dealer add-ons Dealer credits Dealer invoice Amount of down Amount financed
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Hierarchies
Measured Facts : Actual sale price, Option price, Full price, Dealer add-ons, etc
An Information Packages
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor. U1.
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Business analysts
Prepare reports and analyses for executive and manager
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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What requirements to gather? Broad list: Data elements: fact classes, dimensions Recording of data in terms of time Data extracts from source systems Business rules: attributes, ranges, domains, operational records
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Interview write ups User profile Background and objective Information requirement Analysis requirement Current tools used Success criteria Useful business metrics Relevant business dimensions
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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IT Dept. Professional
Key operational source system Current information deliver process Type routing analysis Known quality issue Current IT support for information requests Concerns about proposed DW
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Cont..
JAD sessions
Open with review of agenda and purpose Review assumptions Review data requirement Review business metrics and dimensions Discuss dimensions hierarchies and roll ups Resolve open issues Close sessions with the list of action items Convert the working document Map the gathered information List all data sources Identify all business dimensions and hierarchies Assemble and edit the document Conduct review sessions Get final approvals Establish procedure to change requirements
Final document
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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JAD team
Executive sponsor
Person controlling the funding, providing direction, empowering team member
Facilitator
Person guiding the team through JAD process
Scribe
Person designated to record all decision
On call participants
Person affected by project but only in specific area
Observers
Person for specific session without participating in decison
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor. U1.
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Requirements Definition:
Scope And Content: Formal documentation is often neglected requirements definition Phase.
conduct interviews and GD . review the existing documentation
requirements definition document is the basis for the next phases in the system development life cycle.
But often skip the detailed documentation of the requirements definition.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Data Sources
The requirement definition document should include the following information:
Available Data sources Data Structures with in the data sources Location of the Data Sources Data extraction procedures Availability of historical data.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Data Storage:
requirement definition document must sufficient details about storage requirement. include
Information Delivery:
Drill-Down Analysis. Roll-Up Analysis Slicing Ad hoc reports
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applicationsand Management, New Delhi-63, by Shivendra Goel
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Lets Discuss
1. VP of marketing for nation wide appliance manufacturer with three production plants. Describe three ways to analyze sales. What are business dimension for analysis. BigBook Inc is a large book distributor with domestic and international distributors to all leading bookseller. Initially build data ware house to analyze shipments that are ,made from the company many data warehouse. Determine, metrics, and business dimensions. Prepare an information package diagram. For a data warehouse on AuctionsPlus.com, an Internet auction upscale for works of art gather requirement for sales analysis. Find out key metrics, business dimensions, hierarchies and categories. Draw the information package diagram. Create a detailed outline formal requirements definition document for a data warehouse to analyze profitability of large departmental store chain
2.
3.
4.
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Business Requirements
Maintenance
Deployment
Bharati Vidyapeeths Institute of Computer Applications and Management, New Delhi-63, by Deepali Kamthania, Associate Professor.
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Data Design
In design phase data models are required for
Staging area
Transform, cleanse and integrate data from source system
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Relational Model
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Data staging
Data Storage
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Cont
Information delivery
Types and number of users Types of queries and reports Classes of analysis Front end DSS applications Operational meta data ETL (data extraction/transformation/loading) metadata End user meta data Metadata storage Data loading External sources Alert systems End user information delivery
Metadata Operational
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Requirements
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Business Requirements
Extraction/Transformation Data cleansing, conversion, integration End-user Querying, reporting, analysis, OLAP, special apps
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Size estimation
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Business Requirements
Ad hoc reports
Online
Complex queries MD Analysis
Intranet
Information Delivery Component
MD Analysis
Internet E-mail
Statistical Analysis
Business Analyst
Data Mining
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Conclusion
Gathering requirement for data warehouse is not same as for an operational system. Requirement definition guides the whole process of system design and development. Data warehouse environment is an information delivery system where user themselves access the data repository and create their own output whereas in operational system user is provided with predefined outputs. It is essential to have right elements of information in the mist optimal format.
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Review Questions
Objective Questions:
1) A data warehouse is which of the following? a) Can be updated by end users. b) Contains numerous naming conventions and formats. c) Organized around important subject areas. d) Contains only current data. 2)An operational system is which of the following? a) A system that is used to run the business in real time and is based on historical data. b) A system that is used to run the business in real time and is based on current data. c) A system that is used to support decision making and is based on current data. d) A system that is used to support decision making and is based on historical data.
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Suggested Reading/References
1. Paul Raj Poonia, Fundamentals of Data Warehousing, John Wiley & Sons, 2003. 2. Sam Anahony, Data Warehousing in the real world: A practical guide for building decision support systems, John Wiley, 2004 3. W. H. Inmon, Building the operational data store, 2nd Ed., John Wiley, 1999. 4. Kamber and Han, Data Mining Concepts and Techniques, Hartcourt India P. Ltd.,2001
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