pediatrics reading notes: week 1 how many children are there in the US?

73 million age 0-18 what percentage of the population is children? 25% which 6 categories of behavior does the W.H.O believe can reduce the incidence of illness and mortality? 1. tobacco use 2. risk taking behavior 3. Alcohol and substance abuse 4. dietary and hygienic practices that cause disease 5. sedentary lifestyle 6. risky sexual behavior When does nutrition begin? -in the uterus (the health of the mother) -breast milk When do young children tend to establish health habits? 2-3 year of life What is the most common chronic childhood disease? dental caries how many children in the US have cavities? 1 in 5 What are two public health interventions which have greatly impacted world health? clean drinking water and vaccines how many US children have mental health problems? 1 out of 5 1 out of 10 have serious emotional problems what s the most common US childhood nutritional problem? obesity along with type 2 diabetes what is obesity? a BMI at or greater than the 95th percentile for people of the sam age and gender

what is the most common cause of death and disability to all children in the US? Injuries Motor vehicle most common, also drowning, burns and firearm accidents unintentional injuries have dropped to 39% violent death rate has dropped 36% what are the top three most common cause of injury related death in male children > 1? 1-mechanical suffocation 2-MVI 3-ingestion of food or object what are the top three most common cause of injury related death in children female children >1? 1. mechanical suffocation 2. MVI 3. ingestion of food or object

what are the top three most common cause of injury related death in male children 1-4? 1. MVI 2. drowning 3. fires and burns what are the top three most common cause of injury related death in female children 14? 1. MVI 2. drowning and fires/burns 3. ingestion of food or object what are the top three most common cause of injury related death in male children 514? 1. MVI 2. drowning 3. fires and burns what are the top three most common cause of injury related death in female children 514? 1. MVI 2. fires and burns 3. drowning what are the top three most common cause of injury related death in male children 15-

24? 1. MVI 2. drowning 3. poisoning what are the top three most common cause of injury related death in female children 1524? 1. MVI 2. poisoning 3. drowning How many children are murdered by gunfire each day in the US? 10/day 1 every 2 1/2 h around how many violent acts does the average american child witness on TV by the time they graduate from high school? 200,000 violent acts What is the third leading cause of death in children ages 10 to 19? suicide There is a need to more completely integrate a system of care for children and adolescents that will provide integrated medical and mental health services which promote health (coury, 2006) what is the definition of nursing? the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems what are four essential features of contemporary nursing practice? 1. attention to the full range of human experiences and responses to health and illness without restriction to a problem-focused orientation 2. Integration of objective data with knowledge gained form an understanding of a group's subjective experience 3. Application of scientific knowledge to the process of diagnosis and treatment 4. Provision of a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing Name some psychologic distress a child could encounter from the hospital/medical environment: anxiety fear disappointment sadness

guilt shame Name some physical distress that a child could encounter in the hospital/medical environment sleeplessness disturbing sensory stimuli (pain, temp extremes, loud noises, bright light/darkness) immobility Three principles in providing atraumatic care are... 1. prevent or minimize child's separation from family 2. promote a sense of control 3. prevent or minimize bodily harm or pain What are the broad roles of a pediatric nurse (name 7) 1. establish a therapeutic relationship 2. Advocate for the family 3. Promote health and disease prevention 4. Teach about health 5. counsel and provide support 6. coordinate and provide collaborative care 7. Be involved in ethical decision making What is a therapeutic relationship? caring, well defined boundaries What are the 10 points in the United Nations' Declaration of children's rights? All children need: 1. to be free from discrimination 2. to develop physically and mentally in freedom and dignity 3. to have a name and nationality 4. to have adequate nutrition, housing, recreation and medical services 5. To receive special treatment if handicapped 6. To receive love, understanding, and material security 7. To receive and education and develop his or her abilities 8. to be the first to receive protection in a disaster 9. to be protected against neglect, cruelty and exploitation 10. to be brought up in a spirit of friendship among people what is autonomy? the patient's right to be self governing what is nonmaleficence?

the obligation to minimize or prevent harm what is beneficence? the obligation to promote the patient's well being what is justice? the concept of fairness