SIMPLE EXTRACTION ABSTRACT

Simple extraction of caffeine was done during this experiment. Dried tea leaves contained on a teabag was placed on a flask with anhydrous sodium carbonate. It was boiled for ten minutes, and then the teabag was squeezed. The extracted liquid was placed in a separatory funnel with dichloromethane. There were two layers produced, an upper aqueous layer and the lower DCM layer. The DCM layer was poured in a tared evaporating dish with anhydrous sodium sulfate. It was evaporated to dryness in a hood. Crystals were formed, and then weighed. The percentage yield computed was 13.30%.

INTRODUCTION Liquid-liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent. It is an extraction of a substance from one liquid phase into another liquid phase. Liquid-liquid extraction is a basic technique in chemical laboratories, where it is performed using a separatory funnel. This type of process is commonly performed after a chemical reaction as part of the work-up [1]. The objectives of this experiment are to compare single and multiple extraction of caffeine from dried tea leaves, and calculate the percentage yield of caffeine for both extraction procedures [2].

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Two layers were formed in the separatory funnel the upper aqueous layer (black liquid) and the lower organic dichloromethane layer (clear light yellow liquid). The DCM Figure 1. Extraction Set-up layer that was placed on an evaporating dish was

EXPERIMENTAL

A. Sample Used Dried tea leaves (Caffeine) B. Procedure Four grams of anhydrous sodium carbonate was placed in a flask and a 100 ml of distilled water was added. It was heated in a water bath until the solid dissolved. Ten grams of dried tea leaves contained on a teabag was added to the said mixture. The flask was covered and was dried on a hood. White crystals were produced. boiled for ten minutes in a low flame. After ten These white crystals are the extracted caffeine minutes, the teabag was removed and the liquid from the tea leaves. The weight of the caffeine was squeezed. Using single extraction, the liquid was 1.33 grams. The percentage yield computed extract was placed in a separatory funnel with 60 was 13.30% (Figure 2, refer to next page). The milliliters of dichloromethane. It was swirled for computed mass of unextracted caffeine was 2.02 two minutes until the separation between two grams (Figure 3, refer to next page). The layers was clearly observed. The of tea leaves sample = 10.00 grams of extracted caffeine was 7.98 computed mass Given: Weight organic layer was drained into a flask, while the of evaporating dish + grams (Figure 4, refer to next page). Weight aqueous layer caffeine = 132. 73 grams was discarded. The organic of empty evaporating dish = 131.40 grams Weight extract was transferred into flask containing half a spatula of Find : % Yield anhydrous sodium sulfate. It was then decanted Figures, computations and tables are shown. onto a tared evaporating dish. It was evaporated % Yield=( weight of evaporating dish + caffeine ) ( weight of empty evaporating to dryness under the hood. Afterwards, the dish )weight of tea leaves sample x 100 residue was weighed and the percentage yield was computed.

% Yield=132.73 g-131.40 g10.00 gx 100 % Yield=13.30%

Figure 2. Percentage Yield of Caffeine (Computation)

Given: Mass of tea leaves sample (Xo) = 10.00 grams Distribution coefficient (KD) = 6. 55 Volume of aqueous layer (Vaq) = 100.00 mL Volume of organic layer (Vorg) = 60.00 mL Find: Mass of unextracted caffeine (XI)

X1= XoVaqKD Vorg+ Vaqn X1=10.00 g 100 mL6.55 60.00 mL+100 mL1 X1= 2.02 g

Figure 3. Mass of Unextracted Caffeine (Computation)

Given: Mass of tea leaves sample (Xo) = 10.00 grams Mass of unextracted caffeine (XI) = 2. 02 grams Find : Mass of extracted caffeine

mass of extracted caffeine=mass of tea leaves sample-mass of unextracted caffeine mass of extracted caffeine=10.00 g-2.02 g
Figure 4. Mass of Extracted Caffeine (Computation)

The flowchart for this extraction is as follows:

Figure 5. Flow of the Simple Extraction Experiment

REFERENCES

+ Na2CO3

[1] Takeshita, K., Watanabe, K., Nakano, Y., Watanabe, M. (2003). Solvent extraction separation of Cd(II) and Zn(II) with the organophosphorus extractant D2EHPA and the aqueous nitrogen-donor ligand TPEN. Hydrometallurgy 70: 6371. [2] University of Santo Tomas Department of Chemistry. (2006). + DCM Organic chemistry laboratory manual. Manila: Author.

+ Na2SO4