Appendix C-2.

Typical Additives in Metalworking Fluids

Additive Alkaline reserve Function Maintains fluid pH Composition Alkanolamines (monoethanolamine, triethanolamine), polymers, amides, organic esters, alkali hydroxides (Na, K) Silicone polymers, methyl acrylic polymers, stearates long chain fatty alcohols, waxes, calcium nitrate, acetate Polyisobutylene polymer, apolyacrylates, polyethylene oxide Citrus products, aldehydes, natural or synthetic aromatic compounds Alkylated phenol Triazine, oxazolidine, nitromorpholine, sodium omadine, polymeric quats, bromonitriles, phenols (substituted including pchloro-m-cresol), halogen substituted carbamates, isothiazolone derivatives Sodium EDTA, phosphonates, gluconates Calcium sulfonate, sodium sulfonates, fatty acid soaps, amine salts of boric acid, carboxylic acids Hexylene glycol, fatty alcohols, short chain ethers Polyamides, sulfonates Azo types, fluorescein Petroleum sulfonate, sodium sulfonates, synthetic sulfonates, fatty acid salts and amides, nonionic surfactants, nonionic ethoxylates, amphoterics

Antifoamant

Prevents the formation of foam

Antimist Agent Antiodorant Antioxidant Biocide

Reduces aerosol formation Improves odor Reduces oxidation of fluid Control bacteria and mold

Chelator Corrosion Inhibitor

Reduces hard water effects Prevents oxidation on parts and machines Improves the solubility of the various additives Suspends fluid contaminants Aesthetic, identification Disperses oil in water, improves wetting of part

Coupling Agent (hydrotropes) Dispersant Dye Emulsifier

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Additive Extreme Pressure Agent

Function Provides lubrication under high pressure

Composition Sulfurized fatty acid esters, sulfurized hydrocarbons, chlorinated paraffins and waxes, chlorinated fats and esters, phosphate esters, phosphorus derivatives Polymeric esters, polymeric ethers Triazol Vegetable oil, fatty acid esters, high molecular weight esters, glycol esters, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide (EO/PO) block copolymers, naturally occurring triglycerides, graphite, molybdenum disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Glycol ether Alkoxylated alcohols, alkoxylated nonylphenols Polyethers, polyvinyl alcohols, acrylic acid esters

Humectants Metal Passivator Oiliness/Lubricity Agent

Reduce tackiness on machines and parts Protects newly exposed metal from corrosion Increases film strength

Plasticizer Surfactant Thickener

*** Improve wetting and cleaning Increase viscosity

Sources:

OSHAs Metalworking Fluids: Safety and Health Best Practices Manual, Appendix 2 (2001), Industrial Lubricant Manufacturers Association (ILMA), and Lubrizol Corporation

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