PSYCHOLINGUISTICS Using a language either in a written or spoken way entails a lot of processes that take place in our brain.

These processes have different levels that go from the superficial to the inescrutable as George Miller says in his work The psychology of communication. He found four different levels of processing the information when utterances are been produced between individuals, envolving both the speaker and the listener. The first level is listening, that is the simpliest level because it is related just with the act of listening what does the speaker is saying by means of one or a set of utterances. The next level is matching the patterns of the utterance in terms of phonetics, to then structure it in according to the grammatical background that the listener have, function which is responsible the next level that is accepting. After that interpretation will appear by giving or looking for a sense or a meaning in terms oft semantics.

Some terms that comes to the mind when we are trying to define or when we are just talking about psycholinguistics are lexicon, grammar, phonology, syntax and semantics. Lexicon is the wordstock that we have, all the linguistic imaginery that we storage through our lifes: vocabulary, words, expressions, thesaurus, lexemes. Grammar is a field that studies the structure and the rules for compounding words, clauses and phrases in a written language. Other subfields are attached to

this discipline like phonology, phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, semiotics, etc. Phonology serves to the study of the production of language sounds it means how sounds are produced in the vocal apparatus, the organs and the parts that play a role in the speech production and how the sounds are used to form units of meaning in any spoken language. Syntax is in charge of all the principles that words follows up the construction of clauses and more complex structures. Semantics focus on the relations between a sign and the things that signifies in order to produce a meaning. This term is just used for linguistic approaches.

AREAS OF PSYCOLINGUISTICS Acquisition, production (verbal and non-verbal), comprehension, dissolution (speech disorders, brain damages).

MAIN VIEWS OF LANGUAGE EVOLUTION Evolution of language: language evolved gradually by expressing noises to

express simple things like pain or pleasure till the point to show how the human brain operates, the possibilities and limitations of the vocal apparatus. This view says that there were some evolutionary modifications in the brain and the vocal

apparatus in order to accommodate the demands that the changes in society occurred. Evolution of the brain and body: humans began to live in societies and it evolved the vocal apparatus and the brain to make them survive in the society. These changes were transmitted at birth as an innate component. The big-bang: human brain evolved and language came as an innate faculty.

SOME CONCEPTIONS ABOUT PSYCHOLINGUISTICS Jean Piaget: Animals doesnt have a factor in their intelligence to develop a complex language speech human is a uniquely human possession. Vygotsky: there are two different parts of speech, internal speech which is talking to oneself, here the language is produced first it is silent and the toughts take form and external speech is the materialized thought. Paul Bloom: How children manage meaning to the words that they learn from outside? The child mades a hypothesis formation about the word that parents are using and then test the word to finally accept the corresponding meaning or reject it. KEY WORDS Anne Ferald, Lila Gleitman, Elisa Newport, Jean Berko, Steven Pinker, Charles Hockett, Gardner, Miles, Hornby.

STAGES OF LINEAR PROCESS IN SPEAKING: Conceptualization: ideas, linguistic concepts, imagistic thinking, syntactic thinking. Formulation: putting it together (slips of tongue and slips of the finger or key board occur here). Spoonerism: intentional slips of the tongue (slips). Freudian slips: unintentional or unconscious slips of the tongue ( error).

y y

Articulation: words going out from the CPU (brain) of your computer to your printer (mouth). Electrical impulses

Coarticulation: chest, tongue, lungs and larynx operating to produce speaking. Self-monitoring: assessing our speech.