Kevin Yu APWH 7

PERSIAN Chart AP World History

POLITICAL y Leaders, Elites

Chapter: 23
~ Political revolts happen frequently ~The Enlightnement and demographic changes challenged governments that did not adapt ~ American Revolution occurs in the mid-late 1700s, breaking free from England ~ The French follow suit, and reformers in France attack the autocratic French Monarchy with cries for reform, which were brutally oppressed by the monarch and nobility ~ Reform movement radicalizes, and establishes Reign of Terror in France ~ Napolean Bonaparte returns France to more autocratic regimes while continuing to support individual rights, religious freedom, and reformed laws ~ Treaties worked out at Vienna led to 50 years of piece, but failed to quell social and political revolutions ~ Many governments embraced parliament and representative politics by 1850s ~ Germany and Italy become new states, and France restores its republic ~ Business families attempt to increase their margins of profit by using more technology ~ Population growth leads to surge in textile and metal production in protoindustrialization in the mid 1700s ~ An attempt on tax reform in France fails, but they get rid of laws restricting trade ~ Industrial revolution was powered by commercial advantages in the world trade network, and an outreach of the scientific revolution ~ Steam engine developed, factory system evolves ~ The concept of firms and companies expands ~ Agriculture becomes more commercialized as peasants take advantage of market conditions ~ Trade union movements fight for rights of the workers ~ Mass production aided by new technology ~ Little religious reform happens in this time period ~ A trend in worldly enjoyment and hedonism leads to decline in the power and practice of religion

y y y y

State Structure War Diplomacy, Treaties Courts, Laws

ECONOMIC

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Type of System Technology, Industry Trade, Commerce Capital/Money Types of Businesses

RELIGIOUS

y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y

Holy Books Beliefs, Teaching Conversion Sin/Salvation Deities

SOCIAL Family Gender Relations Social Classes Inequalities Life Styles

INTELLECTUAL, ARTS Art, Music Writing, Literature Philosophy Math & Science Education

NEAR: GEOGRAPHY

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Location Physical Movement Human/Environment Region

~ Upper class rises and secures their positions, and social hierarchy becomes much more rigid ~ Industrialization disrupted family life, and treated workers unfairly ~ Middle and upper class women retreated from factory work in order to care for the domestic household and children, while lower class women and children were often forced to work in factories to earn wages ~Improved standards of living and reduction in working hours creates leisure time, and consumerism spreads across all classes ~Enlightenment ideas lead to revolt against governments that refused to reform and adapt ~ Discovery of germs, improvements in sanitation, etc lead to a longer lifespan ~ National welfare and public education become responsibilities of the govt ~ Scientific knowledge increase, often in conjunction with technological applications ~ Darwins theory of evolution, Einsteins theory of relativity, Freuds work on human actions and the unconscious mind ~ Romanticism and other artistic movements seek to express the irrational, and the emotional rather than the material ~Improved nutrition and lower infant mortality leads to drastic population increases in the 1730s ~ Industrialization leads to fast urbanization ~ Birth rates drop after 1850, stabilizing the population after the increases of the 1730s