CHEMISTRY 123

Problem Set #1

Phase Equilibrium

1-20. Below is the phase diagram for phenol, which has two solid phases, SI and SII, both more dense than the liquid. The transition SI SII is exothermic.

For questions 1-6 and 11-20 use: (1) vapour or gas (2) liquid (3) solid SI (4) solid SII 1. Which phase is stable in region A? 2. Which phase is stable in region D? 3. Which phases are stable at 61 atm and 64 C? 4. Which phases are in equilibrium at 2000 atm and 64 C? 5. Which phases are in equilibrium at 3 10-3 atm and 40 C? 6. Which phase is the most dense? 7. Which phase is more dense: B or C? (1) B (2) C 8. The normal boiling point is: (1) 40 C (2) 64 C (3) 420 C (4) none of these 9. The critical temperature is: (1) 40 C (2) 64 C (3) 420 C (4) none of these 10. The transition SI liquid is exothermic. (1) True (2) False 11. A tube is half filled with solid phenol, then the air is removed and the tube sealed. It is kept at a constant temperature of 35 C, and the phenol comes to equilibrium. What phases are present in the tube at equilibrium?

Identify the phase(s) present in each of the numbered regions on the following graphs. 12-16. Isotherm of Phenol at 50 C

17-20. Isobaric heating curve for Phenol at 1 atm

21. Which of the following compounds is expected to have the highest vapor pressure? (1) CH3CH2CH3 (2) CH3OCH3 (3) CH3CH2OH (4) CH3CH2CH2CH3 (5) CH3CH2CH2Cl 22. The vapor pressure of a liquid increases with an increase in temperature. Which of the following statements best explains this increase? (1) The average kinetic energy of molecules is greater; thus more molecules can enter the gaseous state. (2) The average kinetic energy of molecules is less. (3) The faster-moving molecules in the liquid exert a greater pressure. (4) All the molecules have greater kinetic energies. (5) The intermolecular forces between the molecules decrease at higher temperatures. 23. Which compound should have the highest vapor pressure at room temperature? (1) C4H10 (2) C5H12 (3) C6H14 (4) C7H16 (5) C8H18

24. Which of the following indicates the existence of strong intermolecular forces of attraction in a liquid? (1) a very low boiling point (2) a very low vapor pressure (3) a very low critical temperature (4) a very low viscosity (5) a very low heat of vaporization 25. Which of the following compounds would be expected to have the highest vapor pressure? (1) CH3CH2CH2F (2) CH3CH2CH2OH (3) CH3CHCH3OH (4) CH3CH2COOH (5) CH3CH2CH2NH2

26. Which of the following has the lowest vapor pressure? (1) H2O (2) H2S (3) H2Se

27. Which of the following accounts for the relatively high vapor pressure of diethyl ether liquid, (CH3CH2)2O, at 25 C? (1) density of the liquid (2) strength of the intermolecular forces (3) strength of the intramolecular forces 28. Of the following substances, which is expected to have the lowest boiling point? (1) CH3OH (2) CH3Cl (3) CH4 (4) C2H6 (5) C3H8