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Authors Detail:
This Report of BQT project is written by the Following persons at the end of the 5th semester Name: ID: Raheel Tariq 08108048

Student of BBA horns in Gift University Email ID: 08108048@gift.edu.pk Name: ID: Aisha Riaz 08108042

Student of BBA horns in Gift University Email ID: 08108042@gift.edu.pk Name: ID: Komal Afzal 08108034

Student of BBA horns in Gift University Email ID: 08108034@gift.edu.pk

Acknowledgement:

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FINAL REPORT OF BQT

First of all we want to register our thanks to Prof. Sir. Abid Awan. Who opened our mind and shaped our future and have always been a friend, guide and philosopher to us. It was his inspiration and unbounded zeal that has created this project Also thanks to Mr. Sarmad Hasan Territory sales Supervisor of Telenor, Mr. Tanweer Hussain Specialist customer care of Jazz and Mr. Usman Ahmed Regional Coordinator of Ufone who has given us enormous material support to our Project. It was quite pleasant for us that such nice people still exist in this world of sins. He gave us his precious time and briefed us personally during the visit. We find an opportunity while writing this page to say thanks to our parents whom sleepless nights enabled us to accomplish this project. We always pray Allah for their good health. Their Shadow always remains on our head (Amen). Last but not least, we want to register our thanks to our class fellows for being so cooperative, uncomplaining and no interrupting. Its their matchless cooperation which enables us to study in the class peacefully.

Objective:
The purpose of this project is to help you gain experience with the collection of data. The presentation of the data, and the analysis of the

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data. We also needed to choose appropriate techniques for answering questions. We applied all the statistical tools in our project studied during the whole session. The main basic objective of doing this project was to understand the use of the statistical tools in the real world.

Table of Contents: Sr No
1 2

Contents
Authors Detail Acknowledgement

Page no
1 2

Page 4 of 70 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

FINAL REPORT OF BQT Objective List of Tables List of figures List of Abbreviations History of Jazz History of Ufone History of Telenor Description of Statical Tools Description of Variables Descriptive Analysis Analysis of Variance Correlation Analysis with Hypothesis Regression Analysis with Hypothesis Comparison Among Companies Crux of Study Recommendation and Suggestions Conclusion Appendix Supporting Material 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11-12 13 18-29 30-43 44-51 52-64 65-66 67 68 69 70 71

List of Tables: Sr no
1 2 3 4

Contents
Table For Raw Data of Jazz Table For Raw Data of Ufone Table For Raw Data of Telenor Table For Mean of Jazz

Page no
14 15 16 18

Page 5 of 70 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

FINAL REPORT OF BQT Table For Mean of Ufone Table For Mean of Telenor Table For Standard Deviation of Jazz Table For Standard Deviation of Ufone Table For Standard Deviation of Telenor Table of ANOVA For Advertisement Table of ANOVA For Customers Table of ANOVA For Sims Sold Table of Correlation of Jazz Table of Correlation of Ufone Table of Correlation of Telenor Table of Multiple Regression of Ufone Table for Multiple Regression of ANOVA Table of Multiple Regression of Jazz Table for Multiple Regression of ANOVA Table of Multiple Regression of Telenor Table for Multiple Regression of ANOVA 19 20 23 24 25 33 37 41 44 45 46 52 56 57 60 61 64

List of Figures:

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No Figures

List of Abbreviations:
X1 = Advertisement (Independent Variable) X2 = no of Customers (Independent Variable) y = Sims Sold in units (Dependent Variable) X = is the arithmetic mean of the values. S.D = Standard deviation M.D = Mean Deviation C.V = coefficient of variance

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Sk = Skewness
1

= mean of company one

2

= mean of second company

3=

mean of third company SST = Total Sum of square SSR = Regression Sum of square SSE = Error Sum of square k= no of categories Df = Degree of freedom n= is the no of observation in the sample. = indicates the absolute value. a = the y- intercept of the estimated plane which is the best point estimate of . b 1 = The slope of the estimated plane with x1 which is the best point estimate of 1 and it is changed by the value of x1. b 2 = The slope of the estimated plane with x2 which is the best point estimate of 2 and it is changed by the value of x2.

HISTORY OF JAZZ
Pakistan Mobile Communications Limited, better known as Mobil ink GSM, is a telecommunication service provider in Pakistan. The company is Pakistan's leading cellular operator with a subscriber base of 31.5m and market share of 31% in October 2010. Mobil inks Head office is located at Mobil ink House, 1-A Kohistan Road, F-8 Markaz Islamabad. Mobil inks corporate postpaid package is sold under the brand name "Indigo" and prepaid by the name of "Jazz". Mobil ink started operations in 1994 as the first GSM cellular Mobile service in Pakistan by MOTOROLA later it was sold to Orascom, an Egypt-based multi-national company.

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In addition to cellular service, the Orascom group is diversifying its service portfolio by setting up new businesses and also expanding through acquisitions. Recently, they started offering DSL broadband through a wholly owned subsidiary, Link.Net. In addition to Mobil ink, the Orascom group also owns TWA (Trans World Associates) which operates an undersea fiber optic cable from Karachi to Fujairah, UAE. Till June'10 the company had issued two listed bonds to the tune of Rs. 3.2 billion and Rs. 6 billion

History of Ufone:
In 1990, Pakistan introduced its first mobile phone service called Paktel. After eleven years in January 2001, a new cellular company with GSM technology came into the market and they named it Ufone. The government of Pakistan granted them the license of Pak Telecom mobile limited to operate GSM 9000 all Around Pakistan. Ufone succeeded to establish itself in the market by providing quality service at low rates. After its opening, initially they started their service in major cities like Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Karachi and Lahore and on major highways. Later the service expanded to other major cities like Peshawar, Quetta and different towns. Ufone invested around $ 65 million to setup its modern technical infrastructure to provide high quality crystal clear voice and fast data transmission. Ufone targeted the middle class, by introducing low rates and different packages with Urdu names like Jazba etc to attracted lower and middle class people. Ufone has expanded its customer support in a very organized manner with a planned network of dealers, outlets for people convenient. Ufone is committed to care for its customers even after they have acquired a new connection. Ufone not only focused on

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the technical capabilities, but to provide subscribers a convenient to get connections and services. Ufone recently started GPRS through which users can connect themselves to the global village via Internet, also introduced multimedia messaging services and worldwide SMS at flat rates. Not only SMS but also provides Ufone Info service through which user can get latest information about news, sports, religion, horoscope, stock exchange etc even live sports updates. The tariff packages have been designed keeping in mind the requirements of every segment of the society may that be a housewife, a taxi driver, a trader or a student. Ufone started its operation from Islamabad on 29th January 2001. Cellular industry performance in Pakistan before the launch of Ufone was quite dismal, with one of the lowest population penetration rates in the Whole region. Ufones strategy from the day one was to change this scenario and ensure that mobile phones are turned into an everyday business and personal communication tools for all.

History of Telenor:
Telenor Pakistan is 100% owned by the Telenor Group, an international provider of high quality voice, data, content and communication services in 14 markets across Europe and Asia. Telenor Group is among the largest mobile operators in the world with over 195 million mobile subscriptions (Q3 2010) and a workforce of approximately 34,000. Telenor Pakistan is the country's single largest European investor, with investments in excess of US$2 billion. It acquired a GSM license in 2004 and began commercial operations on March 15, 2005. At the end of October 2010 it had a reported subscriber base of 24.12 million, and a market share of 24% making it the country's second largest mobile operator.

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.Brief description of all Statical Tools: We apply Different Statical tools on our Project e.g. 1: Mean 2: Median 3: Standard deviation 4: Mean deviation 5: coefficient of variance 6: skewness 7: Regression Analysis 8: ANOVA Mean shows the average means it shows the average sale per month, the mean tells us the companys average per month and it helps in comparing one company to the other. While median also tells us the average but the difference between the mean and the median is Mean is appropriate when data is symmetrical, because some months has less sale or some has greater so for that condition mean is not the appropriate tool then we use median of data having outlay in it because an outlay leads the data at extreme. Thus to overcome this problem we use median to calculate average. It is also the type of average but we calculate it when the data is non- symmetrical.

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Standard Deviation tells that how much the data is scattered about the mean, the smaller S.D located close to the mean conversely a large S.D reveals that the observations are widely scattered about the mean. The M.D shows how much the data deviates from its mean. When we find that what percent deviation is from mean? Then we use the rule to measure this coefficient of variation that tells how much percent the data deviates from the mean. Skewness tells us that whether the data is Right Skewed or the left skewed.

Skewness > 0 - Right skewed distribution - most values are concentrated on left of the mean, with extreme values to the right. Skewness < 0 - Left skewed distribution - most values are concentrated on the right of the mean, with extreme values to the left. Skewness = 0 - mean = median, the distribution is symmetrical around the mean.

Anova is a procedure use to test the null hypothesis that the mean of three or more populations are all equal. The procedure we are discussing is called the analysis of variance because the test is based on the analysis of variance in the data obtained from different samples, the application of the one way ANOVA requires the following assumptions, hold true

ASSUMPTIONS OF ONE WAY ANOVA

The population from which the samples are drawn are (approximately) normally distributed The population from which the samples are drawn have the same variance or standard deviation The samples drawn from different populations are random and independent.

The ANOVA test is applied by calculating two estimates of the variance of the population distribution the variance between samples and the variance within samples. The variance between samples is also called mean square between sample or MSB. The variance within samples is also called the mean square within sample or MSW.

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FINAL REPORT OF BQT The variance between samples gives an estimation of variance based on the variation among the means of the samples taken from the different population. If the means of all population under consideration are equal the means of the respective sample will still be different but the variation among them is expected to be small and consequently the value of MSB is expected to be small. However the mean of the population under consideration are not equal then the value of the MSB is expected to be large. The one way ANOVA test is always right tail with the rejection region in the right of the F distribution curve.

And the Last one is the Multiple Regression and the Correlation that tells us about the Relationship between the dependent and the independent variable and the value of correlation tells us whether the relationship between the dependent and the independent variable is Strong positive or negative and how much the model is best fitted.

Brief description of Variables:

We have selected three Companies Ufone, Jazz and Telenor and also Variables that are 1. Advertisement 2. No of Customers 3. No of Sims Sold

Independent:
Advertisement: Advertisement is our independent variable and it effects on our sale. No of customers:

Page 13 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT No of customers is an independent variable and it also effects on our sale.

Dependent:
No of Sims Sold: No of Sims sold is our dependent variable and it depends upon Advertisement and no of customers.

We collected the thirty months data of these variables from the sales service center of Ufone, Jazz and Telenor, So that we can apply all the Statical tools on the data through these three variables. As the Advertisement and no of customers are the independent variable and Sims Sold are the dependent variable so to check the Relationship between these variables we apply the Regression and the correlation Analysis on the thirty months data to check whether the Sims Sold and the Advertisement, no of customers have Direct Relation or the in direct Relation means for example Weather the sale will increase with the increase in the Advertisement or not?

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Sr No
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Sr No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Raw Data of Ufone Raw Data of jazz Customers Year Month Advertisement No. Of
Year Month 2008 June 2008 2008 JulyJune 2008 Aug 2008 July 2008 Sept 2008 Aug 2008 Oct 2008 Sept 2008 Nov 2008 Oct 2008 Dec 2008 Nov 2009 Jan 2008 Dec 2009 Feb 2009 Jan 2009 Mar 2009 Feb 2009 April 2009 Mar 2009 May 2009 April 2009 June 2009 May 2009 July 2009 June 2009 Aug 2009 July 2009 Sept 2009 Aug 2009 Oct 2009 Sept 2009 Nov 2009 Oct 2009 Dec 2009 Nov 2010 Jan 2009 Dec 2010 Feb 2010 Jan 2010 Mar 2010 Feb 2010 April 2010 Mar 2010 May 2010 April 2010 June 2010 2010 JulyMay 2010 June 2010 Aug 2010 July 2010 Sept 2010 2010 Oct Aug 2010 Sept 2010 Nov 2010 Oct 2010 Nov Advertisement 3832000 3730000 3751000 3500000 3432000 3808000 3000000 3929000 2721000 3708000 3545000 3800000 3233000 3513000 2843000 3617000 2900000 3615000 3100000 3822000 3300000 4800000 3200000 4908000 3500000 4970000 3700000 3800000 3951000 3600000 3104000 3700000 3211000 4000000 3623000 4325000 3737000 4400000 3508000 4500000 2915000 4313000 2826000 4633000 2918000 4750000 3000000 4831000 3371000 5000000 3547000 4625000 3725000 4700000 3111000 4653000 2715000 4900000 2803000 3408000

No. Of Customers 6750 6160 15339 7120 14000 5110 14530 4220 13880 4000 16580 5300 14775 5050 12335 5711 13557 6150 14330 7033 15000 7881 15600 8100 15890 7750 16338 6952 17870 6509 13280 6800 14000 6000 15330 7220 16110 6315 15870 6714 13320 5833 12890 6124 13115 6800 14310 7810 14990 7650 15000 4553 15670 5720 13800 5209 12000 3880 13200 14500

No. of Sims Sold

No. of Sims 44000 Sold 42550 85551 41800 81330 39310 78555 43880 65330 40000 77100 43800 73380 40000 61331 42900 64523 41670 67382 42100 69670 49750 70000 52810 71885 40760 72320 43752 74123 40000 70300 40710 71550 46000 73115 48751 74000 35000 73000 37000 71108 39980 69800 45609 70000 48000 68900 50000 86000 42660 87550 40000 90000 41678 80500 44749 75890 50909 78700 85370

Raw Data of Telenor

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Sr No
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Year
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010

Month
June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov

Advertisement
2700000 2800000 1500000 2000000 2500000 2508850 2500000 2900000 2100000 2000000 2200000 2800000 2600000 2709800 2000000 2100000 2800000 2600000 2200000 2400000 1900000 2100000 1800000 2000000 2400000 2000000 2400000 2400000 2700000 2500000

No. Of Customers
8980 9000 8500 8750 7000 6500 6300 5500 5800 5300 5600 5750 5980 6000 5600 6000 6400 6100 6050 6090 4000 4200 4500 4600 4800 4500 5000 5100 5400 5300

No. of Sims Sold

92000 93500 80000 81000 83000 70000 67000 65000 45000 41850 42000 43750 40000 41000 41000 43890 43000 41000 40770 41650 36000 38000 33000 34000 35000 35000 38000 40000 54000 50000

Explanation: of Raw Data:

We collected this data from the head offices of Jazz, Ufone, Telenor in the Gujranwala Region of last 30 months of three variables that we have selected for our project, In these variables Advertisement and no of customers are independent while the no of Sims sold

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per month is dependent variable, then we divide the data of Advertisement and the no of Sims sold by 1000 for making our calculation easy then we apply the all the business quantitative techniques on this data.

Mean of Jazz Sr. No Mean of Advertisement Mean of no of customers Mean of Sims Sold

Page 17 of 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3751 3432 3000 2721 3545 3233 2843 2900 3100 3300 3200 3500 3700 3951 3104 3211 3623 3737 3508 2915 2826 2918 3000 3371 3547 3727 3111 2715 2803 3408 97700 15.3 14.0 14.5 13.9 16.6 14.8 12.3 13.6 14.3 15.0 15.6 15.9 16.3 17.9 13.3 14.0 15.3 16.1 15.9 13.3 12.9 13.1 14.3 15.0 15.0 15.7 13.8 12.0 13.2 14.5 437.4

FINAL REPORT OF BQT 85.6 81.3 78.6 65.3 77.1 73.4 61.3 64.5 67.4 69.7 70.0 71.9 72.3 74.1 70.3 71.6 73.1 74.0 73.0 71.1 69.8 70.0 68.9 86.0 87.6 90.0 80.5 75.9 78.7 85.4 2238.26

Mean of Ufone Sr. No Mean of Advertisement Mean of no of customers Mean of Sims Sold

Page 18 of 70 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3832 3730 3500 3808 3929 3708 3800 3513 3617 3615 3822 4800 4908 4970 3800 3600 3700 4000 4325 4400 4500 4313 4633 4750 4831 5000 4625 4700 4653 4900 126282 6750 6160 7120 5110 4220 4000 5300 5050 5711 6150 7033 7881 8100 7750 6952 6509 6800 6000 7220 6315 6714 5833 6124 6800 7810 7650 4553 5720 5209 3880 186424

FINAL REPORT OF BQT 44 42.55 41.8 39.31 43.88 40 43.8 40 42.9 41.67 42.1 49.75 52.81 40.76 43.75 40 40.71 46 48.75 35 37 39.98 45.6 48 50 42.66 40 41.67 44.75 50.9 1300.1

Mean of Telenor Sr. No Mean of Advertisement Mean of no of customers Mean of Sims Sold

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 2700 2800 1500 2000 2500 2509 2500 2900 2100 2000 2200 2800 2600 2709 2000 2100 2800 2600 2200 2400 1900 2100 1800 2000 2400 2000 2400 2400 2700 2500 70,118 8980 9000 8500 8750 7000 6500 6300 5500 5800 5300 5600 5750 5980 6000 5600 6000 6400 6100 6050 6090 4000 4200 4500 4600 4800 4500 5000 5100 5400 5300 178,600

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

92 93.5 80 81 83 70 67 65 45 41.85 42 43.75 40 41 41 43.89 43 41 40.77 41.65 36 38 33 34 35 35 38 40 54 50 1530

Mean
Formula Variables

X =

X
n

Advertisement

No of Customers

Sims Sold

Page 20 of 70 Jazz

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

X X
= 2337.27

= 3257

X X
= 5.253

= 14.58

X X

= 74.60

Ufone

= 4210

= 6.214

= 43

Telenor

= 51

Interpretation:
Mean shows the averagely advertisement of Jazz in Gujranwala region. Mean of advertisement is 3257000 in actual because we divide the data by 1000.so the Mean of advertisement of jazz is 3257 that shows the average advertisement per month in Gujranwala region And the mean of no of customers is 14.58 that show averagely 14580 persons visit the sales service center of jazz in a month. Mean of Sims sold is 74.60 this also divided by 1000 so the mean is 74600 that shows jazz sales averagely 74600 Sims per month.

Comparison:
Averagely advertisement of these three companies jazz, ufone and telenor are 3257000, 4210000 and 2337000 respectively. Ufone spend more money on advertisement than the jazz and telenor. The strength of the no of customers of jazz that is 15000 is greater than Ufone and telenor. Averagely no of Sims sold of jazz, ufone and telenor are 75000, 43000 and 51000 respectively. sales of jazz is comparatively high because most of the people like business mans and households use the jazz network and also because of this reason that jazz is first telecommunication company in Pakistan. Secondly the telenor average sales are 51000

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and greater than the ufones sales because they sale directly from their sales service center in Gujranwala.

Median
Formula Variables Jazz Ufone Telenor Median = (n+1) th value 2

Advertisement
3222 4156.5 2400

No of Customers
14.5 6.2375 5.775

Sims Sold
73.05 42.605 41.925

Interpretation:

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Mean is appropriate when data is symmetrical, because some months has less no of units sold or some has greater so for that condition mean is not the appropriate tool then we use median of data having outlay in it because an outlay leads the data at extreme. Thus to overcome this problem we use median to calculate average. It is also the type of average but we calculate it when the data is non- symmetrical.

Comparison:
Averagely advertisement of these three companies jazz, Ufone and telenor are 3222000, 4156500 and 2400000 respectively. Ufone spend more money on advertisement than the jazz and telenor. The strength of the no of customers of jazz that is 15000 is greater than Ufone and telenor. Averagely no of Sims sold of jazz, Ufone and telenor are 73000, 43000 and 41000 respectively. sales of jazz is comparatively high because most of the people like business mans and households use the jazz network and also because of this reason that jazz is first telecommunication company in Pakistan. There was large out layer in the data of telenor and when we apply median on the data than the average Sims sold of telenor is 4190 which is comparatively less than the sales of Ufone.

Standard Deviation of Jazz:

Standard Deviation of Advertisement X X Standard Deviation of No of Customers X X Standard Deviation of Sims Sold X X

Page 23 of 70 3751 3432 3000 2721 3545 3233 2843 2900 3100 3300 3200 3500 3700 3951 3104 3211 3623 3737 3508 2915 2826 2918 3000 3371 3547 3727 3111 2715 2803 3408 97700 14070001. 0 11778624.0 9000000.0 7403841.0 12567025.0 10452289.0 8082649.0 8410000.0 9610000.0 10890000.0 10240000.0 12250000.0 13690000.0 15610401.0 9634816.0 10310521.0 13126129.0 13965169.0 12306064.0 8497225.0 7986276.0 8514724.0 9000000.0 11363641.0 12581209.0 13890529.0 9678321.0 7371225.0 7856809.0 11614464.0 321751952 15.3 14.0 14.5 13.9 16.6 14.8 12.3 13.6 14.3 15.0 15.6 15.9 16.3 17.9 13.3 14.0 15.3 16.1 15.9 13.3 12.9 13.1 14.3 15.0 15.0 15.7 13.8 12.0 13.2 14.5 437.4 235.0 196.0 211.1 192.7 274.9 218.3 152.2 183.8 205.3 225.0 243.4 252.5 266.9 319.3 176.4 196.0 235.0 259.5 251.9 177.4 166.2 172.0 204.8 224.7 225.0 245.5 190.4 144.0 174.2 210.3 6430

FINAL REPORT OF BQT 85.6 81.3 78.6 65.3 77.1 73.4 61.3 64.5 67.4 69.7 70.0 71.9 72.3 74.1 70.3 71.6 73.1 74.0 73.0 71.1 69.8 70.0 68.9 86.0 87.6 90.0 80.5 75.9 78.7 85.4 2238.26 7319.0 6614.6 6170.9 4268.0 5944.4 5384.6 3761.5 4163.2 4540.3 4853.9 4900.0 5167.5 5230.2 5494.2 4942.1 5119.4 5345.8 5476.0 5329.0 5056.3 4872.0 4900.0 4747.2 7396.0 7665.0 8100.0 6480.3 5759.3 6193.7 7288.0 168482.4

Standard Deviation of Ufone:

Standard Deviation of Advertisement X X Standard Deviation of No of Customers X X Standard Deviation of Sims Sold X X

Page 24 of 70 3832 3730 3500 3808 3929 3708 3800 3513 3617 3615 3822 4800 4908 4970 3800 3600 3700 4000 4325 4400 4500 4313 4633 4750 4831 5000 4625 4700 4653 4900 126282 14684224 13912900 12250000 14500864 15437041 13749264 14440000 12341169 13082689 13068225 14607684 23040000 24088464 24700900 14440000 12960000 13690000 16000000 18705625 19360000 20250000 18601969 21464689 22562500 23338561 25000000 21390625 22090000 21650409 24010000 539417802 6750 6160 7120 5110 4220 4000 5300 5050 5711 6150 7033 7881 8100 7750 6952 6509 6800 6000 7220 6315 6714 5833 6124 6800 7810 7650 4553 5720 5209 3880 186424

FINAL REPORT OF BQT 45562500 37945600 50694400 26112100 17808400 16000000 28090000 25502500 32615521 37822500 49463089 62110161 65610000 60062500 48330304 42367081 46240000 36000000 52128400 39879225 45077796 34023889 37503376 46240000 60996100 58522500 20729809 32718400 27133681 15054400 1198344232 44 42.55 41.8 39.31 43.88 40 43.8 40 42.9 41.67 42.1 49.75 52.81 40.76 43.752 40 40.71 46 48.751 35 37 39.98 45.609 48 50 42.66 40 41.678 44.749 50.909 1300.128 1936 1810.503 1747.24 1545.276 1925.454 1600 1918.44 1600 1840.41 1736.389 1772.41 2475.063 2788.896 1661.378 1914.238 1600 1657.304 2116 2376.66 1225 1369 1598.4 2080.181 2304 2500 1819.876 1600 1737.056 2002.473 2591.726 56849.37

Standard Deviation of Telenor:

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Standard Deviation of Advertisement Formula X X

Standard Deviation of Standard deviation No of Customers

S .D =

x X n n
2

Standard Deviation of Sims Sold X X 8464 8742 6400 6561 6889 4900 4489 4225 2025 1751 1764 1914 1600 1681 1681 1926 1849 1681 1662 1735 1296 1444 1089 1156 1225 1225 1444 1600 2916 2500 87835

Variables 2700 7290000 Advertisement 8980 2800 7840000 9000 Jazz 1500 2250000 345 8500 2000 4000000 8750 Ufone 2500 6250000 511.41 7000 2509 6295081 345 6500 Telenor 2500 6250000 6300 2900 8410000 5500 2100 4410000 5800 2000 4000000 5300 2200 4840000 5600 2800 7840000 5750 2600 6760000 5980 2709 7338681 6000 2000 4000000 5600 2100 4410000 6000 2800 7840000 6400 2600 6760000 6100 2200 4840000 6050 2400 5760000 6090 1900 3610000 4000 2100 4410000 4200 1800 3240000 4500 2000 4000000 4600 2400 5760000 4800 2000 4000000 4500 2400 5760000 5000 2400 5760000 5100 2700 7290000 5400 2500 6250000 5300 70118 167463762 178600

No of 80640400 Customers 81000000 1.32 72250000 76562500 1.15 49000000 1.31 42250000 39690000 30250000 33640000 28090000 31360000 33062500 35760400 36000000 31360000 36000000 40960000 37210000 36602500 37088100 16000000 17640000 20250000 21160000 23040000 20250000 25000000 26010000 29160000 28090000 1115376400

Sims Sold 92
93.5 7.04 80 81 4.5 83 19 70 67 65 45 41.85 42 43.75 40 41 41 43.89 43 41 40.77 41.65 36 38 33 34 35 35 38 40 54 50 1529.41

Interpretation:

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Standard Deviation tells that how much the data is scattered about the mean, the smaller S.D located close to the mean conversely a large S.D reveals that the observations are widely scattered about the mean. S.D of Advertisement of Ufone is 511000 and its mean is 4210000 that shows they can advertise 511000 more than its mean or less. We divide our data by 1000 thats why in actual scenario company can advertise 345000 more or less from its mean that are in actual is 42, 10,000. S.D of no of customers is 1150 and the mean is 6214 that shows 1150 customers more or less can visit the sales service center from the mean. And the S.D of Sims sold are 4.5 and mean is 43 it was also divided by 1000 so company can sale 4500 Sims more or less from the mean that is in actual 43000.

Comparison:
Advertisements of Ufone is more deviated from its mean than jazz and telenor because Ufone focus and spend more on advertisement and no of customer of ufone are less deviated from its mean and sales of telenor are more deviated from its mean value.

Coefficient of Variance
Formula Variables Jazz Ufone Telenor C.V = S .D X

*100

Advertisement
11% 12% 15%

No of Customers
9% 18% 22%

Sims Sold
9% 10% 37%

Interpretation:
When we want to find that how much deviation is from mean in percentage, then we use coefficient of variation to measure this. E.g. the C.V of Advertisement of jazz is 11% that tells us 11% deviation is from mean because mean does not give us the accurate value so we use it. And c.v of no of customers and Sims sold are 9% and 9% respectively that tells 9%data of both deviates from their means.

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Comparison:
Advertisement of telenor is more deviated in percentage from its mean than jazz and Ufone and no of customer of jazz are less deviated from its mean and sales of telenor are more deviated from its mean value. this is because of the difference between the means of these three companies.

Skewness
Formula Variables Jazz Ufone Telenor
SK =

3(mean median) S .D

Advertisement
0.30 0.32 -0.55

No of Customers
0.18 -0.06 0.41

Sims Sold
0.66 0.27 1.42

Interpretation:
The Skewness of advertisement, no of customers and no of Sims sold of jazz 0.30, 0.18 and 0.66 that is greater than zero and it is Right skewed - most values are concentrated on left of the mean, with extreme values to the right.

Comparison:

Page 28 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Skewness values of Advertisement of jazz and Ufone shows that both are right skewed and advertisement of telenor is left skewed. no of customers of jazz and telenor is right skewed and no of customers of Ufone is left skewed. Sales of these three companies area right skewed.

Analysis of Variance: Scenario:

As the Analysis of the variance procedure is used to test the null hypothesis that the mean of the three or more population are the same against the alternative hypothesis that not all population mean are same. So here we want to test that the mean of the advertisement of the three companies Telenor jazz and Ufone are same or not?

ANOVA for advertisement

Step 1:- State the null and the alternative hypothesis
O 1 2 3

H : = =
1:

H At least mean of one of the companys Advertisement is not same. Step 2:- Select the distribution to use Because we are comparing the means for three normally distributed populations; we use the F distribution to make this test.

Page 29 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Step 3:- Determine the rejection and the non rejection region
cal > tabulated

If f

f
O 1

Then we reject H that means we are in the favor of H that is At least the Sims sold of one of the company is not same.
1

V (K-1) = 3-1 = 2
2

V (N-k) = 90-3 = 87

tabulated

=v,v, = 2, 87, .05

tabulated

= 3.101296

Calculating the value of the test statistics:

The value of the test statistics F for a test of hypothesis using ANOVA is given by ratio of two variances the variance between sample and the variance within sample

Test statistics f for a one way ANNOVA:

Page 30 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

The value of test statistics F for ANNOVA test is calculated as fallows F=variance between sample/variance within sample =MSB/MSW In ANNOVA terminology the three method use to find arithmetic means are called treatments the table contains the data on the no of customers of three companies. Analysis of the variance procedure is used to test the null hypothesis that the mean of three or more populations are the same against the alternative hypothesis that not all populations mean are the analysis of variance can be used to compare two populations mean. In our project case we want to know that the means of the three companies are the same or not. First we want to check the mean of the no of customers of three companies, Telenor, Ufone, Jazz, To test these companies no of customers mean we test the null hypothesis That is H0: 1 =2= 3(all three population mean are equal) Against the alternative hypothesis H1: At least one population mean are not equal For this test we are using ANOVA, short for the analysis of variance provides such a procedure. It is used to compare three or more population in a single test. X=no of customers of company K=no of different samples n1= size of the sample one n= number of values in all the samples =n1+n2+n3+. x = the sum of the values in all samples = T1+T2+T3 x2 = the sum of the squares of the value of all the samples To calculate MSB and MSW we first compute the between-samples sum of squares Source of df SS MS F(calculated) Variance Between Sample k-1 SSB MSB=SSB/k-1 f=MSB/MSW Within sample n-k SSW MSW=SSW/n-k Total n-1 SST MST=SST/n-1 denoted by SSB. And within sample sum of squares, denoted by SSW. The sum of SSB and SSW is called the total sum of squares and is denoted by SST, that is SST = SSB + SSW.

Page 31 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

T1 is obtained by adding the values of the advertisement of the one sample, T2 is obtained Source of df SS MS F(calculated) Variance Between Sample 2 52576987.6 26,288,493.8 152 Within sample 87 15000134.7 172,415.3414 Total 89 67577122.1 759,293.5067 by adding the values of the advertisement of the second sample, and we got T3 by adding the values of the advertisement of the third sample. As there are 30 observations in each sample so, n1=n2=n3 Between- and Within-samples sum of squares. The between-samples sum of squares denoted by SSB, is calculated as

tabulated

cal is

Now, f

is 3.1011296 and f

152 so we reject Ho, we are in the favor of H that

means the mean of advertisement of at least one of the company is not same. In other words, at least one of the mean is different from the other two means then to find in which company the mean are different we apply the Fisher LSD method.

Page 32 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Fisher LSD
So here we use the Fisher LSD method to find that which mean is different from others.

If

x1 x2 > LSD
0 1 2

(Then we reject Ho otherwise we dont reject)

1 1 2

H : =
0 2 3

H :
1 2 3

H : =
0 1 3

H :
1 1 3

H : = If

H :

x1 x2 >LSD we will reject H0.

1 1 LSD = tv , / 2 MSE + n n 2 1
1 LSD = 87 , 0.025 172415.34 t 30 1 + 30

= 1.96 (106.67) = 209.07

x1 x2 = (3256.6) (4209.4) = 952.8

Page 33 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

952.8>209.07 So, We Reject Ho, we are in the favor of H1.

x2 x3 = (4209.4) (2337.3) = 1872.1

1872.1>209.07 So, We Reject Ho, we are in the favor of H1.

919.3>157.60 So, We Reject Ho, we are in the favor of H1.

Conclusion:
It means we are in the favor of H1, that means mean of Advertisement of all the three companies are different so we reject Ho.

Page 34 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Scenario:
As the Analysis of the variance procedure is used to test the null hypothesis that the mean of the three or more population are the same against the alternative hypothesis that not all population mean are same. So here we want to test that the mean of the no of customers of the three companies Telenor jazz and Ufone are same or not?

ANOVA for the no of customers

O 1 2 3

H : = =
1:

H At least mean of one of the companys no of customers is not same.

cal > tabulated

If f

f
O 1

Then we reject H that means we are in the favor of H that is, at least the no of customers of one of the company is not same.
t ab= ,

(v1 v2, )

=2, 87, 0.05 = 3.101296 If f calculated > 3.101296 we will reject

O.

Page 35 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Page 36 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Source of variation
Between sample

df
2

SS
1444853152

MS
722426576

43.5268
Within sample 87 Total89 15892494
O, 1

144396252.4 16597270.39 178,567.348

If f calculated > 3.101296 we will reject H we are in the favor of H means at least mean of one of the companys no of customers mean is different from the other two means then to find in which company the mean are different we apply the Fisher LSD method.

Fisher LSD If

Page 37 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

x1 x2

>LSD we will reject H0.

1 1 LSD = tv , / 2 MSE + n n 2 1
= 1.96 110537.8 = 1.96(33.4) = 651.64

x1 x2 = (14580.3) (6214.133) = 8366.16667

x2 x3 = (6214.133) (5953.33) = 260.8 x1 x3

= (14580.3) (595.33) = 8626.966

x1 x2 =8366.16667 and LSD=651.64 We will reject H0 because x1 x2 >LSD x2 x3 =260.8

Page 38 of 70 We will not reject H0 because x2 x3 <LSD

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

x1 x3 =8626.966
We will reject H0 because x1 x3 >LSD

Conclusion: It means we are in the favor of H1 that at least one companies mean of
no of customers is not same means we reject HO all the three means of no of customers are different.

Scenario:
As the Analysis of the variance procedure is used to test the null hypothesis that the mean of the three or more population are the same against the alternative hypothesis that not all population mean are same. So here we want to test that the mean of the no of Sims sold of the three companies Telenor jazz and Ufone are same or not?

ANOVA for Sims sold

Page 39 of 70
O 1 2 3

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

H : = =
1:

H At least mean of one of the companys no of customers is not same.

cal > tabulated

If f

f
O 1

Then we reject H that means we are in the favor of H that is, at least the no of customers of one of the company is not same.
t ab= 1, 2

(v v , )

=2, 87, 0.05 = 3.101296

O.

If f calculated > 3.101296 we will reject H

Calculated Value:

Page 40 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Source of variation
Between sample Within sample Total

df
2 87 89

SS
15946.0 11858.5 27804.5

MS
7973 136.30 312.41
o

f
58.495
1

So, fcal =58.495> f tabulated=3.101296 therefore we reject H we are in the favor of H that is At least average of one of the company of Sims sold is different from the other two means then to find in which company the mean are different we apply the Fisher LSD method.

Fisher LSD If

Page 41 of 70 > LSD

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Then we reject Ho otherwise we dont reject.

1 1 2

H0: =2
2 3

H1:
2 3

H0: =
1 3

H1:
1 3

H0: =

H1:

If
= 5.8604

>LSD we will reject H .

0

= and LSD=5.8604 We will reject H0 because >LSD =-7.64 We will not reject H0 because <LSD =23.59666 We will reject H0 because >LSD

Conclusion: It means we are in the favor of H and we reject H

1

that means all

the three means of no of Sims sold are different.

Page 42 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

COORELATION TABLE of Jazz:

X1 3832 3730 3500 3808 3929 4 0 4 0 . 6 1 8 0 6 0 . 6 X2 6.75 6.16 7.12 5.11 4.22 Y 44 42.55 41.8 39.31 43.88 =a+b1x1+b2x2 42.47675 41.8447 41.648 41.52284 41.41984 3708 e=Y- 1.52324 7 0.70529 8 0.15199 6 -2.21284 2.46016 3 e 2.32028 2 0.49744 5 0.02310 3 4.89665 4 6.05240 2 Y- 1 -0.45 -1.2 -3.69 0.88 (Y-) 1 0.2025 1.44 13.6161 0.7744

Page 43 of 70 1 8 0 6 0 . 3 8 1 9 9 8 3 9 38004 3513 3617 3615 3822 4800 4908 4970 3800 3600 3700 4000 4325 4400 4500 4313 5.3 5.05 5.711 6.15 7.033 7.881 8.1 7.75 6.952 6.509 6.8 6 7.22 6.315 6.714 5.833 43.8 40 42.9 41.67 42.1 49.75 52.81 40.76 43.752 40 40.71 46 48.751 35 37 39.98 41.6 40.57793 41.25425 41.48353 42.59761 46.07839 46.53001 46.5341 42.48609 41.62968 42.09516 42.59426 44.25419 44.00082 44.52424 43.47311

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

2.20000 2 -0.57793 1.64575 3 0.18647 1 -0.49761 3.67161 3 6.27999 4 -5.7741 1.26590 7 -1.62968 -1.38516 3.40573 8 4.49680 8 -9.00082 -7.52424 -3.49311

4.84000 8 0.33399 8 2.70850 3 0.03477 2 0.24761 3 13.4807 4 39.4383 3 33.3402 5 1.60252 1 2.65585 1.91867 8 11.5990 5 20.2212 8 81.0147 7 56.6141 2 12.2018

0.8 -3 -0.1 -1.33 -0.9 6.75 9.81 -2.24 0.752 -3 -2.29 3 5.751 -8 -6 -3.02

0.64 9 0.01 1.7689 0.81 45.5625 96.2361 5.0176 0.565504 9 5.2441 9 33.074 64 36 9.1204

Page 44 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT 1 0.97955 6 7.05506 1 14.9288 1 15.3137 9 14.0765 6 8.59589 9 0.31206 8 44.4523 2 402.138 2

4633 4750 4831 5000 4625 4700 4653 4900 126282

6.124 6.8 7.81 7.65 4.553 5.72 5.209 3.88 186.42 4

45.609 48 50 42.66 40 41.678 44.749 50.909 1300.12 8

44.61927 45.34386 46.13622 46.57328 43.75187 44.60988 44.19037 44.24174 1300.71

0.98972 5 2.65613 6 3.86378 2 -3.91328 -3.75187 -2.93188 0.55863 6.66725 7 -0.58205

2.609 5 7 -0.34 -3 -1.322 1.749 7.909 10.128

6.806881 25 49 0.1156 9 1.747684 3.059001 62.55228 508.3636

COORELATION TABLE OF Ufone:

X1 3751 3432 3000 2721 3545 3233 2843 2900 X2 15.339 14 14.53 13.88 16.58 14.775 12.335 13.557 Y 85.551 81.33 78.555 65.33 77.1 73.38 61.331 64.523 Y^ 82.7010 2 80.4387 6 69.1751 7 65.3731 73.8717 1 73.3925 8 73.4366 7 70.4019 9 e(Y-Y^) 2.84998 3 0.89124 9.37982 9 -0.0431 3.22829 4 -0.01258 -12.1057 -5.87899 e2 8.12240 1 0.79430 9 87.9811 9 0.00185 7 10.4218 8 0.00015 8 146.547 4 34.5625 2 Y-Y~ 10.951 6.73 3.955 -9.27 2.5 -1.22 (Y-Y~)2 119.9244 45.2929 15.64203 85.9329 6.25 1.4884

-13.269 176.0664 -10.077 101.5459

Page 45 of 70 72.0530 3 74.0645 69.7869 2 75.3061 2 78.0944 4 78.2002 9 75.8144 2 75.6253 8 79.9446 7 79.6981 4 75.5503 5 71.5580 2 71.1243 72.3407 2 69.9450 2 75.6458 7 79.4441 6 80.9764 7 74.1472 4 71.8211 69.5385 8 78.1663 9

FINAL REPORT OF BQT 21.8185 3 19.3116 3 0.04540 3 11.7040 8 33.3441 2 16.6242 9 30.4087 8 16.6087 2 46.6444 1 32.4687 7 6.50428 0.20252 2 1.75377 8 5.47897 2 1.09206 1 107.207 9 65.7046 4 81.4241 1 40.3575 6 16.5559 5 83.9316 2 51.892

3100 3300 3200 3500 3700 3951 3104 3211 3623 3737 3508 2915 2826 2918 3000 3371 3547 3725 3111 2715 2803 3408

14.33 15 15.6 15.89 16.338 17.87 13.28 14 15.33 16.11 15.87 13.32 12.89 13.115 14.31 14.99 15 15.67 13.8 12 13.2 14.5

67.382 69.67 70 71.885 72.32 74.123 70.3 71.55 73.115 74 73 71.108 69.8 70 68.9 86 87.55 90 80.5 75.89 78.7 85.37

-4.67103 -4.3945 0.21308 -3.42112 -5.77444 -4.07729 -5.51442 -4.07538 -6.82967 -5.69814 -2.55035 -0.45002 -1.3243 -2.34072 -1.04502 10.3541 3 8.10584 9.02353 1 6.35276 4.0689 9.16142 7.20361

-7.218 -4.93 -4.6 -2.715 -2.28 -0.477 -4.3 -3.05 -1.485 -0.6 -1.6 -3.492 -4.8 -4.6 -5.7 11.4 12.95 15.4 5.9 1.29 4.1 10.77

52.09952 24.3049 21.16 7.371225 5.1984 0.227529 18.49 9.3025 2.205225 0.36 2.56 12.19406 23.04 21.16 32.49 129.96 167.7025 237.16 34.81 1.6641 16.81 115.9929

Page 46 of 70 437.40 9 2238.26 3 0.62587 4

FINAL REPORT OF BQT 979.515 8

97698

0.263

1488.406

COORELATION TABLE OF TELENOR:

(X1 ) 2700 2800 1500 2000 2500 2508.8 5 2500 2900 2100 2000 2200 2800 2600 2709.8 2000 2100 2800 2600 (X2) 8.98 9 8.5 8.75 7 6.5 6.3 5.5 5.8 5.3 5.6 5.75 5.98 6 5.6 6 6.4 6.1 (Y) 92 93.5 80 81 83 70 67 65 45 41.85 42 43.75 40 41 41 43.89 43 41 =a+b1x1+b2x2 90.61842 91.9247 72.1077 80.4112 65.0867 59.274395 56.8169 51.6457 46.6299 39.6529 45.3371 53.5292 54.10642 55.51756 43.1971 48.9927 61.2083 55.5241 e=Y- 1.38158 1.5753 7.8923 0.5888 17.9133 10.72560 5 10.1831 13.3543 -1.6299 2.1971 -3.3371 -9.7792 -14.10642 -14.51756 -2.1971 -5.1027 -18.2083 -14.5241 e 1.9087633 2.4815700 9 62.288399 3 0.3466854 4 320.88631 7 115.03860 3 103.69552 6 178.33732 8 2.6565740 1 4.8272484 1 11.136236 4 95.632752 6 198.99108 5 210.75954 8 4.8272484 1 26.037547 3 331.54218 9 210.94948 Y- 41 42.5 29 30 32 19 16 14 -6 -9.15 -9 -7.25 -11 -10 -10 -7.11 -8 -10 (Y-) 1681 1806.25 841 900 1024 361 256 196 36 83.7225 81 52.5625 121 100 100 50.5521 64 100

Page 47 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT 1 97.681595 6 134.93052 7 163.20829 105.52425 6 24.386806 9 6.8481656 1 9.1560708 1 23.023682 9 5.7058876 9 2.4652140 1 32.213570 5 24.971008 4 2512.458

2200 2400 1900 2100 1800 2000 2400 2000 2400 2400 2700 2500

6.05 6.09 4 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.5 5 5.1 5.4 5.3

40.77 41.65 36 38 33 34 35 35 38 40 54 50

50.6534 53.26596 23.2247 27.7275 28.0617 31.3831 38.0259 30.2017 40.3887 41.5701 48.3243 45.0029 1529.410955

-9.8834 -11.61596 12.7753 10.2725 4.9383 2.6169 -3.0259 4.7983 -2.3887 -1.5701 5.6757 4.9971 -0.000955

-10.23 -9.35 -15 -13 -18 -17 -16 -16 -13 -11 3 -1 -0.59

104.6529 87.4225 225 169 324 289 256 256 169 121 9 1 9865.1625

70119

178.6

1529

Comparison of Correlation analysis with hypothesis: SST

Formulas Jazz Ufone Telenor 1488 508.36 9865.162

Coefficient of determination SSE SSR R2

979 402.1382 2512.458 522 106 7353 0.35 0.21 0.75

Adjusted r2
0.27 0.12 0.7448

Interpretation:

Page 48 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

The r tells that which relation occurs between the two variables. Our calculated value of the r is showing that there is a strong positive relationship between Advertisement, No of customers and the Sims sold. R is the measure of correlation between the observed value and the predicted value of the criterion variable. In our project this would be the correlation between the no of Sims sold actual and no of Sims sold predicted by our predicted variables. R2: This is the measure of how good a prediction of the criterion variable we can make by knowing the predictor variable.r2 is the value of explained variation. What we forecasted through regression equation and find the error between actual value and predicted value we can reduce that error by explained variation. R2 tells us that how much percent our model is best fitted. SSR = Explained Variation SSE= Unexplained Variation Basically r2 tells us the accuracy of our model or how much the model is best fitted from the regression equation.

Ufone:
In our scenario of Ufone the value of r2 is 21% it means that Regression Equation can minimize 21% of the error or it has 21% explained variation, remaining 79% are the other factors are also included that are unexplained variation. Adjusted r is the improved version of the r and it is over estimate the value so we find r which tells the error in Reality and it is always lesser than the r . So, in our scenario value of adjusted r is 12% that means 12% error in the Regression Equation in Reality.
2 2 2 2 2

Jazz:
In our scenario of Jazz the value of r2 is 35% it means that Regression Equation can minimize 35% of the error or it has 35% explained variation, remaining 65% are the other factors are also included that are unexplained variation.

Page 49 of 70
2

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

So, in our scenario value of adjusted r is 27% that means 27% error in the Regression Equation in Reality.

Telenor:
In our scenario of Telenor the value of r2 is 75% it means that Regression Equation can minimize 75% of the error or it has 25% explained variation, remaining 25% are the other factors are also included that are unexplained variation. So, in our scenario value of adjusted r is 74% that means 74% error in the Regression Equation in Reality.
2

Hypothesis of correlation of Ufone:

We want to check the relation between the Advertisement and the no of customers.

T-distribution
We reject h0 if t>2.05 and t<-2.05 We reject h0 because t>2.05 we are in the favor of H1 that means there is the Linear Relationship between the Dependent and the independent variable. If Advertisement and the no of customers increase the no of Sims Sold will also increase.

Page 50 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Hypothesis of correlation of Jazz:

If there is a significant linear relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, the value of will not equal zero.

T-distribution
We reject h0 if f>2.05 and f<-2.05 We reject h0 because f>2.05 we are in the favor of H1, so there is the Linear Relationship between the Dependent and the independent variable. If Advertisement and the no of customers increase the no of Sims Sold will also increase.

Page 51 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Hypothesis of correlation of Telenor:

If there is a significant linear relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, the value of will not equal zero.

T-distribution
We reject h0 if t cal >2.05 and t<-2.05 We reject h0 because t >2.05 we are in the favor of H1, so there is the Linear Relationship between the Dependent and the independent variable. If Advertisement and the no of customers increase the no of Sims Sold will also increase.
.

MULTIPLE REGRESSION OF UFONE:

Page 52 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

X1
3832 3730 3500 3808 3929 3708 3800 3513 3617 3615 3822 4800 4908 4970 3800 3600 3700 4000 4325 4400 4500 4313 4633 4750 4831 5000 4625 4700 4653 4900 126282

X2
6.75 6.16 7.12 5.11 4.22 4 5.3 5.05 5.711 6.15 7.033 7.881 8.1 7.75 6.952 6.509 6.8 6 7.22 6.315 6.714 5.833 6.124 6.8 7.81 7.65 4.553 5.72 5.209 3.88 186.424

y
44 42.55 41.8 39.31 43.88 40 43.8 40 42.9 41.67 42.1 49.75 52.81 40.76 43.752 40 40.71 46 48.751 35 37 39.98 45.609 48 50 42.66 40 41.678 44.749 50.909 1300.12 8

X1
14684224 13912900 12250000 14500864 15437041 13749264 14440000 12341169 13082689 13068225 14607684 23040000 24088464 24700900 14440000 12960000 13690000 16000000 18705625 19360000 20250000 18601969 21464689 22562500 23338561 25000000 21390625 22090000 21650409 24010000 539417802

X2
45.5625 37.9456 50.6944 26.1121 17.8084 16 28.09 25.5025 32.615521 37.8225 49.463089 62.110161 65.61 60.0625 48.330304 42.367081 46.24 36 52.1284 39.879225 45.077796 34.023889 37.503376 46.24 60.9961 58.5225 20.729809 32.7184 27.133681 15.0544 1198.34423 2

X1Y
168608 158711.5 146300 149692.48 172404.52 148320 166440 140520 155169.3 150637.05 160906.2 238800 259191.48 202577.2 166257.6 144000 150627 184000 210848.075 154000 166500 172433.74 211306.497 228000 241550 213300 185000 195886.6 208217.097 249454.1 5499658.43 9

X2Y
297 262.108 297.616 200.8741 185.1736 160 232.14 202 245.0019 256.2705 296.0893 392.07975 427.761 315.89 304.163904 260.36 276.828 276 351.98222 221.025 248.418 233.20334 279.309516 326.4 390.5 326.349 182.12 238.39816 233.097541 197.52692 8115.68575 1

X1* X2
25866 22976.8 24920 19458.88 16580.38 14832 20140 17740.65 20656.687 22232.25 26880.126 37828.8 39754.8 38517.5 26417.6 23432.4 25160 24000 31226.5 27786 30213 25157.729 28372.492 32300 37730.11 38250 21057.625 26884 24237.477 19012 789621.806

MULTIPLE REGRESSION OF Ufone:

Page 53 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

This is our Regression Equation of Ufone.

INTERPRETATION:
is called the Multiple Regression equation. Y is the dependent variable or the predicted variable. And x1 and x2 is the independent variable or it is called the predicted variable. X1= Advertisement (Independent Variable) X2= No of customers (Independent Variable) Y= Sims sold (Dependent Variable) is the projected or forecasted value. We find the value of e because this value tells us the difference between the actual and the projected value. a is the fixed value and b is the per unit change, a = the y- intercept of the estimated plane which is the best point estimate of . B 1 = the slope of the estimated plain with x1 which is the best point estimate of 1 and it is changed by the value of x1. B 2 = the slope of the estimated plain with x2 which is the best point estimate of 2 and it is changed by the value of x2. The value of a tells us that if the x1 and x2 that is Advertisement and no of customers is zero then how much it is affected on the sale and it is fixed or constant so there is no change in the value of a when x1 or x2 is increase or decrease. B is the per unit change which change with the value of x1 and x2 that are our independent variables. Now the regression equation is: Y = a + b1x1 + b2x2 + b3x3 In this equation Advertisement and the no of customers have the positive relation with no of Sims sold that means if Advertisement and no of customers will increase then no of Sims sold will also increase.

Page 54 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Hypothesis Testing of Multiple Regression of Ufone:

The test is used to check whether if there is a significant linear relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable, if yes then the slope will not equal zero. HO: 0= 0 H1: 0 0 B1 = 0.003094

t tab. v, = 27, 0.05 = 1.703288

Page 55 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

We Reject H0 if t > 1.70. T cal = 4.827 T > 1.70 so, we Reject H0, we are in the favor of H1 it means the value of b1 is not equal to the zero and there is the Perfect Relationship between the Advertisement and the no of Sims Sold.

B 2 = 0.536377 T tab. v, = 27, 0.05 = 1.703288 We Reject H0 if t > 1.70. T cal = 1.243 T Cal< 1.70 so, we do not Reject H0, we are in the favor of H0 means the value of b2 is very nearly equal to the zero and there is no relationship between the No of customers and the no of Sims sold.

Multiple regressions ANOVA testing of Ufone: Scenario

As the Analysis of the variance procedure is used to test the null hypothesis we want to check that the Advertisement and No of customers have direct relation or not means with the increase in the Advertisement no of customers will increase or not, or how much per unit change will occur on b1 with the change in b2, B1 Represents the Advertisement and B2 Represents the No of customers, Step1: H0: b1 = b2 H1: b1 b2

Step2:
F-Distribution

Step3:
V1 = 3 V2 = 26 If f cal is > 2.9752 then we reject H0 Otherwise we do not reject H0.

Page 56 of 70 Step4: Source of variation regression Error Degree of freedom K -1= 2 n-k 30- 3 = 27 29 Sum of squares (SS) SSR= 106 SSE= 402.1382

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Mean squares Value of test (MS) statistics (f) MSR=SSR/k F=MSR/MSE = 53 = 3.5584 MSE=SSE/n-(k+1) = 14.894

Total Step5:

SST =508.36

MST=SST/n-1= 18

Decision rule:
F cal is > 2.9752 so; we reject H0 we are in the favor of H1 that means with the increase in the Advertisement, no of customers do not increase.

REGRESSION TABLE OF JAZZ:

X1 3751 3432 3000 2721 3545 3233 2843 2900 3100 3300 3200 3500 3700 3951 3104 3211 3623 3737 X2 15.339 14 14.53 13.88 16.58 14.775 12.335 13.557 14.33 15 15.6 15.89 16.338 17.87 13.28 14 15.33 16.11 Y 85.551 81.33 78.555 65.33 77.1 73.38 61.331 64.523 67.382 69.67 70 71.885 72.32 74.123 70.3 71.55 73.115 74 x1*x1 14070001 11778624 9000000 7403841 12567025 10452289 8082649 8410000 9610000 10890000 10240000 12250000 13690000 15610401 9634816 10310521 13126129 13965169 x1*Y 320901.80 279124.56 235665.00 177762.93 273319.50 237237.54 174364.03 187116.70 208884.20 229911.00 224000.00 251597.50 267584.00 292859.97 218211.20 229747.05 264895.65 276538.00 x2*x2 235.28 196.00 211.12 192.65 274.90 218.30 152.15 183.79 205.35 225.00 243.36 252.49 266.93 319.34 176.36 196.00 235.01 259.53 x2*Y 1312.27 1138.62 1141.40 906.78 1278.32 1084.19 756.52 874.74 965.58 1045.05 1092.00 1142.25 1181.56 1324.58 933.58 1001.70 1120.85 1192.14 x1*x2 57536.59 48048.00 43590.00 37767.48 58776.10 47767.58 35068.41 39315.30 44423.00 49500.00 49920.00 55615.00 60450.60 70604.37 41221.12 44954.00 55540.59 60203.07

Page 57 of 70 3508 2915 2826 2918 3000 3371 3547 3725 3111 2715 2803 3408 97698 15.87 13.32 12.89 13.115 14.31 14.99 15 15.67 13.8 12 13.2 14.5 437.409 73 71.108 69.8 70 68.9 86 87.55 90 80.5 75.89 78.7 85.37 2238.26 3 12306064 8497225 7986276 8514724 9000000 11363641 12581209 13875625 9678321 7371225 7856809 11614464 321737048

FINAL REPORT OF BQT 256084.00 207279.82 197254.80 204260.00 206700.00 289906.00 310539.85 335250.00 250435.50 206041.35 220596.10 290940.96 7325009.01 2 251.86 177.42 166.15 172.00 204.78 224.70 225.00 245.55 190.44 144.00 174.24 210.25 6429.95 9 1158.51 947.16 899.72 918.05 985.96 1289.14 1313.25 1410.30 1110.90 910.68 1038.84 1237.87 32712.5 2 55671.96 38827.80 36427.14 38269.57 42930.00 50531.29 53205.00 58370.75 42931.80 32580.00 36999.60 49416.00 1436462

MULTIPLE REGRESSION OF JAZZ:

Interpretation:
In this equation Advertisement and the Sale has the positive relation and N o of customers and Sims sold has the negative relation that means If Advertisement will increase then no of Sims sold will also increase.

Hypothesis Testing of Multiple Regression of Jazz:

HO: 0= 0 H1: 0 0 B 1 = 0.02178 t tab. v, = 27, 0.05 = 1.703288 We Reject H0 if t > 1.70. T cal = 14.449

Page 58 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

T > 1.70 so, we Reject H0, we are in the favor of H1 that means Advertisement and no of Sims Sold have linear Relationship.

HO: 0= 0 H1: 0 0

B 2 = -3.4993
T cal = -48.3997 t > 1.70 So, we Do not Reject H0, we are in the favor of H0 that means No of customers and no of Sims sold have no relation.

Page 59 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Multiple regressions ANOVA testing of Jazz: Scenario

As the Analysis of the variance procedure is used to test the null hypothesis that with the increase in Advertisement, no of customers will increase or not or how much per unit change will occur on b1 with the change in b2, B1 Represents the Advertisement and B2 Represents the No of customers,

Step1:
H0: b1 = b2 H1: b1 b2

Step2:
F-Distribution

Step3:
V1 = 3 V2 = 26 If f cal is > 2.9752 then we reject H0 Otherwise we do not reject H0.

Step4:
Source of variation Regression Error Total Degree of freedom K -1 = 2 n-k 30-3 = 27 29 Sum of squares (SS) SSR= 508 SSE= 979 SST =1501 Mean squares Value of test (MS) statistics (f) MSR=SSR/k F=MSR/MSE = 254 = 7.0006 MSE=SSE/n-(k+1) = 36.25 MST=SST/n-1 = 51.75

Step5: Decision:
f cal is > 2.9752 So, we reject H0, so we are in the favor of H1 so that Advertisement and no of customers have no relation to each other If we increase the Advertisement the no of customer will not increase

Page 60 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

REGRESSION TABLE OF TELENOR:

(X1 ) 2700 2800 1500 2000 2500 2508.85 2500 2900 2100 2000 2200 2800 2600 2709.8 2000 2100 2800 2600 2200 2400 1900 2100 1800 2000 2400 2000 2400 2400 2700 2500 (X2) 8.98 9 8.5 8.75 7 6.5 6.3 5.5 5.8 5.3 5.6 5.75 5.98 6 5.6 6 6.4 6.1 6.05 6.09 4 4.2 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.5 5 5.1 5.4 5.3 (Y) 92 93.5 80 81 83 70 67 65 45 41.85 42 43.75 40 41 41 43.89 43 41 40.77 41.65 36 38 33 34 35 35 38 40 54 50 (X1)2 7290000 7840000 2250000 4000000 6250000 6294328.323 6250000 8410000 4410000 4000000 4840000 7840000 6760000 7343016.04 4000000 4410000 7840000 6760000 4840000 5760000 3610000 4410000 3240000 4000000 5760000 4000000 5760000 5760000 7290000 6250000 (X2)2 80.6404 81 72.25 76.5625 49 42.25 39.69 30.25 33.64 28.09 31.36 33.0625 35.7604 36 31.36 36 40.96 37.21 36.6025 37.0881 16 17.64 20.25 21.16 23.04 20.25 25 26.01 29.16 28.09 X1Y 248400 261800 120000 162000 207500 175619.5 167500 188500 94500 83700 92400 122500 104000 111101.8 82000 92169 120400 106600 89694 99960 68400 79800 59400 68000 84000 70000 91200 96000 145800 125000 X2Y 826.16 841.5 680 708.75 581 455 422.1 357.5 261 221.805 235.2 251.5625 239.2 246 229.6 263.34 275.2 250.1 246.6585 253.6485 144 159.6 148.5 156.4 168 157.5 190 204 291.6 265 X1X2 24246 25200 12750 17500 17500 16307.525 15750 15950 12180 10600 12320 16100 15548 16258.8 11200 12600 17920 15860 13310 14616 7600 8820 8100 9200 11520 9000 12000 12240 14580 13250

70119

178.6

1529

167467344

1115.4

420026.3

9729.9

420026.3

MULTIPLE REGRESSION OF TELENOR:

Page 61 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Interpretation:
In this equation Advertisement and the no of customers have the positive relation with no of Sims sold that means if Advertisement and no of customers will increase then no of Sims sold will also increase.

Hypothesis Testing of Multiple Regression of Telenor:

HO: 0= 0 H1: 0 0 B 1 = 0.0107 t tab. v, = 27, 0.05 = 1.703288 We Reject H0 if t > 1.70. T cal = 14.069 T Cal > 1.70 so, we Reject H0, we are in the favor of H1 that means Advertisement and no of Sims Sold have linear Relationship.

HO: 0= 0 H1: 0 0

B 2 = 11.814 t tab. v, = 27, 0.05 = 1.703288 We Reject H0 if t > 1.70.

Page 62 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

T cal = 40.320 t Cal > 1.70 So, we Reject H0, we are in the favor of H1 that means no of customers and no of Sims Sold have linear Relationship.

Multiple regressions ANOVA testing of Telenor: Scenario

As the Analysis of the variance procedure is used to test the null hypothesis we want to check that the Advertisement and No of customers have direct relation or not means with the increase in the Advertisement no of customers will increase or not, or how much per unit change will occur on b1 with the change in b2, B1 Represents the Advertisement and B2 Represents the No of customers,

Step1:
H0: B1 = B2 H1: B1 B2

Step2: F-Distribution

Page 63 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Step3:
V1 = 3 V2 = 26 If f cal is > 2.9752 then we reject H0 Otherwise we do not reject H0.

Step4: Source of variation

regression error total

Degree of Sum of squares freedom (SS)

K -1 =2 n-k 30-3 = 27 29 SSR= 7353 SSE= 2512 SST =9865

Mean squares (MS)

Value of test statistics (f)

MSR=SSR/k F=MSR/MSE = 3676.5 = 40 MSE=SSE/n-(k+1) = 93.037 MST=SST/n-1 = 340.17

Step5: Decision:
F cal is > 2.9752 so, we reject H0, and we are in the favor of H1 that is Advertisement and no of customers are not equal or with the increase in the Advertisement, no of customers will not increase.

Comparison among the companies on the basis of Regression and Correlation

Ufone In this equation Advertisement and the no of customers have the positive relation with no of Sims sold that means if Advertisement and no of customers will increase then no of Sims sold will also increase. T > 1.70 so, we Reject H0, we are in the favor of H1 it means the value of b1 is not equal to the zero and there is the Perfect Relationship between the Advertisement and the no of Sims Sold. T Cal< 1.70 so, we do not Reject H0, we are in the favor of H0 means the value of b2 is very nearly equal to the zero and there is no relationship between the No of customers and the no of Sims sold. We reject h0 because t>2.05 we are in the favor of H1 that means there is the Linear Relationship between the Dependent and the independent variable.

Page 64 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

If Advertisement and the no of customers increase the no of Sims Sold will also increase. Jazz In this equation Advertisement and the Sale has the positive relation and N o of customers and Sims sold has the negative relation that means If Advertisement will increase then no of Sims sold will also increase. T > 1.70 so, we Reject H0, we are in the favor of H1 it means the value of b1 is not equal to the zero and there is the Perfect Relationship between the Advertisement and the no of Sims Sold. T Cal< 1.70 so, we do not Reject H0, we are in the favor of H0 means the value of b2 is very nearly equal to the zero and there is no relationship between the No of customers and the no of Sims sold. We reject h0 because f>2.05 we are in the favor of H1, so there is the Linear Relationship between the Dependent and the independent variable. If Advertisement and the no of customers increase the no of Sims Sold will also increase.

Telenor In this equation Advertisement and the no of customers have the positive relation with no of Sims sold that means if Advertisement and no of customers will increase then no of Sims sold will also increase. T Cal > 1.70 so, we Reject H0, we are in the favor of H1 that means Advertisement and no of Sims Sold have linear Relationship. t Cal > 1.70 So, we Reject H0, we are in the favor of H1 that means no of customers and no of Sims Sold have linear Relationship. We reject h0 because t >2.05 we are in the favor of H1, so there is the Linear Relationship between the Dependent and the independent variable. If Advertisement and the no of customers increase the no of Sims Sold will also increase. In Short

Page 65 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

The Regression Equation of Ufone and the Telenor tells us that there is perfect relationship between the dependent and the independent variable but the Regression Equation of Jazz tells us that there is positive Relationship between the Advertisement and the no of Sims Sold but the negative relation between the no of customers and the no of Sims Sold

R2
Formulas Jazz Ufone Telenor 0.35 0.21 0.75

Relationship
Positive Positive Strong Positive

Adjusted r2
0.27 0.12 0.7448

It shows that the if Advertisement and no of Customers increases then the no of Sims Sold will also increase.

Crux of Study
We selected three companies for BQT project (jazz Ufone Telenor) and the three variables for each (two are the independent variables (Advertisement no of customers) and one is dependent (no of Sims sold). We applied different tools and came in to the following findings;
Averagely advertisement of these three companies jazz, ufone and telenor are 3222000, 4156500 and 2400000 respectively. Ufone spend more money on advertisement than the jazz and telenor. The strength of the no of customers of jazz that is 15000 is greater than ufone and telenor. Averagely no of Sims sold of jazz, ufone and telenor are 73000, 43000 and 41000 respectively. Sales of jazz is comparatively high because most of the people like business mans and households use the jazz network and also because of this reason that jazz is first telecommunication company in pakistan.there was large out layer in the data of telenor and when we apply median on the data than the average Sims sold of telenor is 4190 which is comparatively less than the sales of ufone.

Advertisements of ufone is more deviated from its mean than jazz and telenor because ufone focus and spend more on advertisement and no of customer of ufone are less deviated from its mean and sales of telenor are more deviated from its mean value. And coefficient of variance tells us these values in percentage.

Page 66 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Skewness values of Advertisement of jazz and ufone shows that both are right skewed and advertisement of telenor is left skewed. No of customers of jazz and telenor is right skewed and no of customers of ufone is left skewed. Sales of these three companies are right skewed. In analysis of variance we checked that the mean of the variables of these companies are same or not (it does not mean that the values of the mean will be same it tells that the variation among the means is less or more). After the Anova testing we found we are in the favor of H1 that the mean of all the companies are not the same. Then we did the correlation analysis with hypothesis testing. In our scenario of Ufone the value of r2 is 21% it means that Regression Equation can minimize 21% of the error.Value of adjusted r2 is 12% that means 12% error in the Regression Equation in Reality. And like this the value of the r2 and adjusted r2 for jazz are 35%, 27% and for telenor are 75%, 74%.

Recommendations and Suggestions

By increasing the advertisement the no of customers increased so we recommend to jazz that they should increase their advertisement so they can increase their no of customers as well as sales. Ufone should manage, develop and maintain productive relationship with internal customers and partners. Because of the Denmark issue the repute of Telenor was badly affected so the company should do their best to catch the customers loyalty they should offer attractive packages and make more and attractive advertisement to catch customers attractiveness. Telenor Company can also increase their sales by enhancing their supply chain distribution.

Page 67 of 70

FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Conclusions
The no of customers of the jazz are more than Ufone and Telenor because it was the first telecommunication company of the Pakistan and have the largest market share. Mostly the households and business people are using jazz due to their attractive offers like ladies first. The advertisement of the ufone is more than the jazz and telenor because with the increase of the advertisement they attract more customers as compare to the jazz and the telenor. Ufone is the second largest company in the Pakistan has also shown by the values of its customers and the no of Sims sold in the descriptive analysis. The three companies we selected, from these three companies the telenor is at no. 3rd in every aspect as concluded from the values of Advertisement, no of customers, no of Sims sold.

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FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Appendix

No Basic Calculations on Excel

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FINAL REPORT OF BQT

Any other Supporting material Books of (Prem s Mann) (Anderson sweeni) www.ufone.com www.mobilinkgsm.com www.telenor.com

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FINAL REPORT OF BQT