Use of data on environmental conditions in engineering projects at Deltares

Martijn de Jong Unit Hydraulic Engineering Harbour, Coastal, and Offshore Engineering department

Contents talk
short background on Deltares compilation of short examples of hydraulic engineering projects at Deltares (some from river eng., most from coastal eng.) two coastal engineering examples in more detail aim of talk, to illustrate: the extent of engineering topics covered by Deltares how data on environmental conditions are used in engineering projects

Deltares: joint forces

Started January 2008 > WL | Delft Hydraulics > GeoDelft > Part of TNO Building & Subsurface > Part of Rijkswaterstaat (RIKZ, RIZA en DWW) Research and consultancy for (inter)national clients > (local) governments > project developers > contractors > Wide range of fields of expertise within Deltares

Wide range of fields of expertise

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Urban water management Integrated coastal management Integrated water management Climate Safety and risks Operational forecasting systems & management systems Water and ground quality Spatial planning and ecology Linear infrastructure Innovation management Strategic analysis Hydraulics Hydrodynamics Morphology Offshore Intake & outfall systems Dikes.

Examples from River Engineering

River bed computations

Lek branch of Rhine delta at Vianen

MS Aloha, draught 3.35 m Delft3D computation

Grounded, 55 m from left bank, water level at -0,1 m+NAP

River bed computations

before implementation after implementation

Solution: Additional groynes to guide the flow within a narrower zone

detailed knowledge of river bed extensive hydrodynamic and mophological modelling

Knowledge of the river bed

driesprong Beneden Merwede Noord - Oude Maas at Dordrecht

Involvement Deltares: measurement techniques monitoring programs/initiatives Moerdijk

Shoal monitoring and forecasting

Smart Fairways: advanced shoal monitoring and forecasting system Assignment from Dutch government Cooperation with MARIN and other parties aim: optimise use of transport capacities based on: echo sounders on ships data acquisition/processing system forecast models > low water (hydrological) > bed topography (morphological) data-assimilation techniques for real-time navigability forecasts (water depth maps)

Examples from Coastal Engineering

Monaco land reclamation

wave conditions

flow conditions

ship manoeuvring

edge structures

beach impact

water quality Dubai: influence of breakwater

Nautical safety and accessibility Port of Rotterdam

3D flow modelling Maasvlakte 2 procedure for nautical evaluation of cross currents and gradients along entrance channel during different stages of construction: provide information of the present current information to pilots (FEWS-viewer)

Depth averaged cross current (m/s)

Distance along Maas Channel centre line (m)

Cross current gradient (m/s/km)

Distance along Maas Channel centre line (m)

Design sea defence Maasvlakte 2

pebble beach combined with (partly) submerged berm/dam of blocks 1:10000 year design storm verify design provide recommendations for the design attention to feasibility scale model tests on different scales

Port development Port of Sohar, Oman

Deltares-scope: modelling of waves and currents - determine design conditions modelling of coastline development - determine impact on surrounding coast setup measurement campaign - calibrate models develop prediction tool - estimate downtime of facilities

LNG_mooring_Sohar

Sand Engine (Building with Nature)

evaluate alternative designs optimise monitoring program determine workability
Cooperation between contractor consortium and Deltares

Field data

Hindcast simulation

Breakwater Lugar de Baixo

Marina of Lugar de Baixo

1 km

Repair breakwater required after damage Wave climate study 2D en 3D scale model tests Specialist advice design alternatives wave forces rubble mound stability scouring

EIA: Shuweihat S3 power and desalination plant

Marine impact assessment expansion of plant: Detail modelling of outfall plume dispersion (hydrodynamics) Water quality modelling modelling of ecological impacts (habitat) On-the-job training of local engineers

Stability pipeline protection Ichthys gas field (Au.)

stone protection on top of gas pipe between offshore gas field and the port of Darwin, Australia protect pipe against anchors, remain stable under cyclone conditions (1/200 year) tests in wave basin (Atlantic Basin, scale 1:17.5 to 1:22.5) tests in geo-centrifuge (scale 1:80, so at 80g) to simulate pulling the anchor through the rock aim is to optimised the required amount of stone to be used big construction savings

anchor drag testing

model in geocentrifuge

movie

rock berm models in Atlantic Basin

JIP OSCAR
Joint Industry Project Offshore SCour And Remedial measures
background instability of foundations platforms, piles lack of prediction tools Approach co-operate with companies systematic scale model work develop design formulae Product Engineering software OSCAR the scour manager Application (Operational) prediction of scouring design of bottom protection for oil & gas industry, offshore wind mills

Danieli outfall plumes/ Al Gurm dredge plumes

animation
Detail modelling (near and far field) of dispersion of an industrial outfall plume to optimise the design of the intake and outfall and to minimise impacts on the environment Detail modelling dispersion of sediment plumes of different dredging works to determine impact on environment

Wave modelling Gibraltar

Determine boundary conditions of breakwaters Spain Spain

Evaluation of marina layouts

Reference

Alternative A

Alternative B

Port layout design Almeria (south coast Spain)

Master Plan for large container port on reclaimed area, Mediterranean Sea: moored ship measurements in scale model to determine downtime update design to optimise conditions

Two examples in more detail

1. installing caisson break water elements in Gijon (Spain) 2. exit transits of Astute-class submarines, Barrow-in-Furness (UK) (both cooperations between Deltares and MARIN)

Construction of Gijon caisson breakwater

outer break water to be constructed 30 caissons, 50m length each placed on bed of rocks problem: local wave climate only allows 40 working days a year (for assumed workability limit, Hs = 0.8 m, Tp = 8s) construction time over 2 years, too long, too costly Aim: perform detailed study to widen workability window by determining workability limit in detail

Options for the operations

Construction of scale model tests of placing procedure

Construction of scale model tests of placing procedure

Scale model tests of placing procedure

Construction of Gijon caisson breakwater

result: optimised layout of mooring lines and fendering all caissons placed within 1.5 years

Channel study, Astute Submarines, UK

New generation now under construction

Astute-class submarines: length appr. 100 m; breadth appr. 11 m; draught appr. 10 m;

large tidal range (8-10 m) exit only possible during specific high waters

Field measurement campaign: water levels

tidelog water level recorder (as backup to recently installed local system)

Field measurement campaign: currents

ADCP position from GPS

Flow modelling
Delft3D-FLOW 60 output locations HLES Large Eddy Simulation very detailed and accurate flow fields measured conditions for verification and calibration of flow model

Wave modelling
SWAN input from offshore grid point of UKMO, operational wave model, forecast location on day of exit database of simulations, covering all possible conditions offshore provide translation of (forecasted) offshore wave conditions to output locations along the channel same output locations were used in the flow modelling Hs

Channel depth study

aims: verify depth is suitable for Astute Class submarines make weather windows with combinations of allowable conditions deterministic elements: draught squat trim statistical (Poisson) approach for motions in waves (heave and pitch) conclusion: depth existing channel is suitable for Astute (reference design conditions, NSC)

Elements in required depth

draught

tidal benefit reference level allowance for squat allowance for trim

manoeuvring margin

buffer for motions Nautical Depth level survey accuracy siltation buffer Navigation Depth level Design Depth level

Wave conditions to vessel motions

Weather windows
existing channel allows for a range of combinations of: high water level, sea waves (Hs, Tp, dir), swell waves (Hs, Tp, dir) weather windows: booklet of combinations, in the form of a lookup table for the day of the exit for given set of conditions, weather windows indicate maximum allowable Hs and Tp of sea waves illustration of use of weather windows: first exit in Astute series, the Astute on 15 November 2009 (HW 8.9 m + CD, 10:02 AM at Dock Door)

Weather forecasts
on-site forecast by UKMO meteorologist on the 14th, 12:00 UTC: series of passing low pressure systems 15th November would provide gap between low pressure systems

14 November 2009 12:00 UTC (analysis)

15 November 2009 12:00 UTC (forecast)

conditions on the 16th were forecasted to be very unfavourable based on forecasts preference for 15th November

Wave forecasts and channel depth review

date (Nov)

time of forecast (h)

surge (m)

swell dir ()

swell height (m)

swell period (s)

sea dir ()

sea height (m)

sea period (s)

critical sea height (m)

critical sea period (s)

conclusion on exit feasibility

14

10:15

0.14

240

1.0

7-8

180

1.5

2.5

feasible

14

15:15

0.14

210/ 240 210/ 240 210/ 240

0.8

7-8

210

1.3

2.5

feasible

14

18:00

0.17

0.30.4 0.30.4

12-13

180

1.5

2.5

feasible

15

07:30

0.15

12-13

180

1.6

2.5

feasible

Pictures of exit, 15-11-2009

Pictures of exit, 15-11-2009

+ movie clip
conditions on 16th, proved to be up to: Hs = 3 m, Tp = 9 s unfeasible/unsafe situation appropriate timing of manoeuvre

Concluding remarks
wide range of hydraulic engineering topics covered by Deltares hydraulic engineering projects @ Deltares for consultancy work and research practical questions practical + high-quality answers