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Elective VI Bio medical Engineering (08.

816) First Module and half of second module QUESTION BANK Topic wise

Module I

Introduction to Bio medical Engineering and Bio medical Instrumentation 1. What is plethysymograph? 2. What are the objectives of a biomedical instrumentation system? 3. Explain the difference between in vivo and in vitro measurements. 4. Explain the factors that influence the design and application of a medical instrument system. / Discuss the different characteristics of a medical instrument system. Explain the man-instrument system with a neat block diagram /Explain with block diagram the components of the bio-medical instrument system 5. Discuss the problems encountered in measuring a living system /Discuss the major differences encountered between measurements in a physiological system as distinct from a physical system. 6. Draw the structure of a living cell of our body and explain its constituents 7. What do you understand by the term "noninvasive methods? 8. Define artifact. 9. Define homeostasis. Human body overview- Physiology and Anatomy of heart - Circulatory system 10. Define arteries and veins. 11. Define systolic and diastolic pressure. 12. What are the different valves present in the heart? 13. Write short notes on circulatory system. 14. What part of the cardiovascular system contains the greatest volume of blood? 15. What is meant by Depolarization? 16. What is meant by mean arterial pressure? How do you measure it? 17. Describe various heart problems. 18. Describe the human circulatory system with a neat sketch. 19. What is heart block? Digestive , Regulatory ( Nervous and Endocrine) and Musculo Skeletal systems Excretory, Reproductive and Respiratory systems. 1. Write short note on respiratory system. 2. Write short note on nervous system.

3. Write short notes on digestive system. 4. List the principal organs of Gastro intestinal system. 5. List the systems in the body.

Principle of generation and propagation of bioelectric potentials- Action and Resting potentials- Electro conduction / Electrical activity of heart 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Define resting and action potential. Define sodium pump. Draw an action potential waveform and label the amplitudes and time values. Mention various bioelectrical potentials. Explain polarization and depolarization. Write down the Nernst Equation and explain. Write short note on electrical activity of heart. What are bio electric potentials? What is permeability? How are ionic potentials formed?

Introduction to ECG - Electrode placement and ECG machine. 1. What is ECG? 2. Draw the einthovens triangle. 3. Draw ECG wave form and explain. 4. What are the types of ECG lead system? 5. With a neat block diagram, explain the working of ECG recorder. 6. Discuss the different lead configuration used in ECG. 7. Explain the working of ECG machine with block diagram. 8. How do unipolar leads differ from bipolar leads? 9. Define Lead. Name the types of leads used for ECG 10. Briefly explain Einthovens triangle EMG 1. Discuss the development of action potential and muscular contraction. 2. What is EMG? 3. Describe the recording setup used in EMG Transducer characteristics- Bio potential Electrodes- Micro, Macro and in dwelling electrodes 1. Define a) accuracy (b) sensitivity with respect to sensors. 2. What is electrode potential or half cell potential?

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

What are micro, needle and surface electrodes? Define electrode. What are the types of electrodes? What is electrode potential (or) half-cell potential? What are polarisable and non polarisable electrodes? Why microelectrodes are sometimes needed? What are the problems involved in using flat electrodes in terms of interference or high impedance between electrode and skin? How could you help eliminate this problem? Or What are the uses of the electrode paste applied during biomedical recording? 9. What do you understand by the term "reference electrode? 10. What is a glass electrode used for? 11. What is a passive transducer? List out its merits and demerits. 12. Draw the electrical equivalent circuit of microelectrode and explain its electrical nature. 13. What are biopotential electrodes. Distinguish between metallic microelectrode and nonmetallic microelectrode 14. Describe and draw the diagram of column electrode. 15. List out the characteristics or terminologies of transducers 16. Differentiate the different medical electrodes.

Theory of Electrode skin interface Electrode equivalent circuit- Resistive and capacitive transducers 1. Define transducer and list the types. 2. Mention some active transducers. 3. List some passive transducers. 4. Explain resistive transducers. 5. Define loading effect and sensitivity. 6. Define strain gauge. 7. Define gauge factor. 8. Define LVDT. 9. What is a capacitive transducer? 10. What is the principle of inductive transducer? 11. What do you understand by the term "gage factor? 12. What is the difference between an active and a passive transducer? 13. With diagrams explain the working of transducers used for bio medical applications. 14. With diagram explain the working of an LVDT. 15. Draw the electrode equivalent circuit. 16. What are temperature transducers? Explain with examples. 17. Differentiate transducers and electrodes. Pace makers- Defibrillators- Electrodes and different waveforms. 1. 2. 3. What is a pacemaker ? What are types of pacing modes? What is demand pacemaker?

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

What are the various electrodes used for defibrillation? List out some applications of defibrillator. What are the components of pacemaker? What are the classification of pacemaker based on the modes of operation? What is meant by defibrillator & what are the types based on that? What do you understand by fibrillation? What is the necessity of D.C. defibrillator? Compare external and implanted pacemakers. Explain with a diagram the ventricular asynchronous pacemaker (fixed rate pacemaker). Explain the ventricular synchronous pacemaker. What are the precautions to be followed in hospitals while using defibrillators ? Write briefly about the power sources used for implantable type of pacemaker With diagrams list the electrodes used with de fibrillators.

Pressure, BP measurements - direct & indirect methods. Oscillometric and Ultrasonic Noninvasive pressure measurements. 1. What is auscultation? 2. What are the types of BP measurement? 3. Explain in detail any three methods used for measuring blood pressure measurements. Blood flow meters Electromagnetic Blood Flow meter, Ultrasonic Blood flow meter 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. What is cardiac output computer? What is cardiac rate? List the methods of blood flow measurement. How the blood pressure is measured by ultrasonic method? What is electromagnetic blood flow meter? Define the principle based on it with diagrams. Calculate the cardiac output for a patient with a heart rate of 72 beats/minute and stroke volume of 75 ml/beat. Name any four physical principles based on which blood flow meters are constructed. Describe an ultrasonic blood flow meter used in the measurement of velocity of blood flowing in the blood vessels. Describe oscillometric method of flow measurements.

Bio electric Amplifiers Introduction Basic amplifiers 1. 2. 3. 4. What is pre amplifier ? Define CMRR. List the features of bio electric amplifier. What is the need of bio-amplifier ?

Symbol and representation of Isolation amplifier. Fibre optic and Current loading type Isolation amplifiers

1. What is the purpose is of pre-amplifier isolation circuits in ECG circuit? 2. Explain the working of any two Isolation amplifiers with block diagrams. 3. What is input isolation?

Chopper stabilised amplifier and Input Gaurding 1. 2. 3. 4. What are the functions of chopper amplifier? What is input guarding? What are the advantages of input guarded circuit? With diagrams explain copper stabilized amplifiers

Module II

Human respiratory system and its measurement. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Define residual volume and tidal volume. What are the various parameters of respiration? What is meant by total lung capacity? What is vital capacity? Describe a method for the measurement of total lung capacity. Describe a spirometer with a suitable schematic diagram. What is pneumotachograph? Give its importance in the pulmonary function analysis. Briefly explain the anatomy of respiratory system. 9. Define a) Inspiratory Reserve Volume b) Functional Residual Capacity

Respiratory therapy equipments- Ventilator 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What is the need for ventilators? What are ventilators ? Explain its different types. Briefly explain IPPB therapy. What are humidifiers? What are nebulisers?

The human nervous system. Neuron, Propagation of action potential through nerves. 1. Define neuron. 2. Define synapse 3. Define CNS, PNS.

4. Define cerebrum. 5. What are the functions of cerebellum? 6. Explain the propagation of action potential through nerves 7. What are parts of central nervous system? 8. Name the parts that contain peripheral nervous system. 9. What is electro encephalography? 10. What is meant by brain waves and what are the types of brain waves? 11. Draw a sketch of a neuron and label the cell body, dendrite, axon and axon hillock. 12. Draw the waves of brain. 13. Explain Bio Electric Potentials from the brain and Resting Rhythms of the Brain . EEG Machine, Instrumentation for measuring brain function 1. Draw the block diagram of an EEG unit and explain the different parts in it. 2. Give the origin of brain waves and describe the 10-20 electrode system used in EEG. 3. Briefly explain the various methods of instrumentation used to measure anatomical and physiological parameters of brain. 4. What is EEG? 5. What are the applications of EEG? With diagram explain heart lung machine. What is the necessary of heart lung machine? Introduction to Bioinformatics Overview 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. What is the central dogma of molecular biology? What is consensus? Explain with an example. What is bio informatics? Mention the areas of application Describe and draw the diagram of column electrode. What is nucleotide? Define codon and genome. Prepared by, M.J.Jayashree Associate Professor, Dept. of EC, MBCET.

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