VEHICLE OVERSPEED ALARM

Introduction:
India is a country where the maximum number of deaths occurs due to road accidents and most of these occur due to rash and fast driving. Various attempts have been made to produce reliable and efficient means of detecting over speed vehicles. The hand held over speeding detector is one such device. The disadvantage of such a device was that it was heavy and required some expertise for its operation; also by the time a speed reading is obtained, the vehicle would long have gone. Even if strict laws are there vehicle owners neglect these rule. The policemen usually use a radar to identify the over speed. But radar is very expensive. By using microcontrollers we can make efficient over speed detectors which take about 5 seconds to detect the speed of the vehicle and this is very helpful for the police to punish the speed exceeding drivers. With the help of sensors, the microcontroller will detect the over speed vehicle and will trigger the buzzer.

The special features of this device are that it can be operated from as far as 10 meters and thus the over speeding vehicle can easily be identified.

Block Diagram:

8051 Micro contr

LCD Display

Relay

LED Display

oller

circuit

IR Sensors

Buzzer

Step down T/F

Bridge Rectifier

Filter Circuit

Regulator

Power supply to all sections

Principle

of

operation:

The operation of "Over speed Detector" depends on the simple one dimensional equation of motion, i.e. speed= distance /time. It basically consists of a source - sensor couple and a hand held device. The sourcesensor couple is placed on the road at a distance of 1m from each other. When the operator gets a visual indication that a vehicle is over speeding, he can initiate the device from as far as 10m.When the vehicle cuts the first laser beam, the sensor is set and the transition pulse is transferred to the hand held device (micro processor). The device now starts counting from a fixed clock. When the vehicle cuts the second laser beam, the transition pulse is again transferred to the device, which stops the counting. What we have now obtained is the time taken for the vehicle to cover a distance of 1m. This count is then decoded to obtain the speed-reading. Once the speed-reading is obtained, the official can decide whether the vehicle is over speeding or not as per the rules and regulations pertaining to different road conditions. This project is designed using 8051 microcontroller to determine the vehicles which are over speeding. This project utilizes two powerful IR transmitters and two receivers; one pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at the starting point(from where the vehicle comes) at a level higher than a human being in exact alignment and similarly the other pair is fixed at the other end of the direction. Sensor activation time is so adjusted by calculating the time taken at a certain speed to cross at least one vehicle. We have considered 5 seconds for this project. Sensors are fixed at 1km on both sides of the gate. We call the sensor along the vehicle direction as foreside sensor and the other as after side sensor. When foreside receiver gets activated when the vehicle cuts the laser beam, the sensor is set and the transition pulse is transferred to the microprocessor. The relay is turned on and the output of the relay is connected to LED array. The LED array is used for indicating (flashing) whenever the driver is exceeding the speed limit and the relay stays closed until the vehicle crosses the after side sensor and reaches after side sensors. When after side receiver gets activated, the after side transmitter sends commands to the microcontroller. The microcontroller sends corresponding control voltage to the relay .The output of the relay is

connected to the Buzzer. The Buzzer will immediately sound at the fore side receiver activation and LED array also flashes (blinking).

Applications: 1. Industrial purpose (counters) 2. Banks (cash collecting machine) 3. Reservation centers, etc