12/17/2011

Wax Patterns

By

Dr. Hanaa Sallam

Assistant Professor of Fixed Prosthodontics
Hanaa I. Sallam 17-Dec-11 Hanaa I. Sallam 17-Dec-11

WAX PATTERN FROM OCCLUSAL SURFACE

WAX PATTERN SPRUED Casting ring applied AND FIXED TO THE over crucible former CRUCIBLE FORMER

Preparation of the die prior to wax pattern construction

CROWN AFTER CASTING

FINAL RESTORATION

12/17/2011

Die Trimming

Application of the die spacer

Requirements of good inlay wax

1- Have different color than the used die material . 2- Flows readily when heated without chipping, flaking or loosing smoothness. 3- Have acceptable strength and rigidity after cooling . 4- Accepts addition and capable of being carved easily without chipping or distortion. 5- Has a minimum rate of stress relaxation after carving and before investing to prevent any distortion. 6- Preserves the fine and sharp details till investing without distortion. 7- Burnout without leaving any debris or residual ashes that might contaminate the produced casting. 8- Can be burnished and polished. 9- Can compensate part of the metal shrinkage during its solidification .

Types of Inlay wax:

(according to ADA)

Type I: medium hardness wax

Used with the direct technique for making patterns in the oral cavity. must not flow at mouth temperature

12/17/2011

Different Techniques for Fabrication of wax Pattern:

Type II: softer wax
Used for the indirect fabrication of castings So, it must resist the flow at room temperature to maintain their newly shaped forms.

1- Direct Technique:
Pattern is constructed inside patients mouth Indicated for inlays and posts. Medium or hard wax is usually used for this method

2- Indirect Technique:
Pattern is constructed outside the patients mouth Most commonly used method due to its accessibility, visibility & time saving for both dentist and patient.

Different Techniques for Fabrication of wax Pattern

Full Contour Wax-up Wax-

3- Indirect-Direct Technique:
Pattern is constructed indirectly and fine adjustments are carried out intra-orally before its casting.

12/17/2011

Full Contour Wax-up WaxLubricate die, adjacent teeth and opposing teeth
Thoroughly remove excess with blast of air

Coping Formation
Apply die lubricant(
wax to flow more freely) surface tension allow the

Fabricate coping
Remove excess beyond finish line

Remove coping from die Examine coping with stereomicroscope Form proximal contacts & axial contours Develop occlusion

Die Adjacent teeth Opposing teeth

Apply wax to form coping Remove coping from die and inspect internal of pattern for completeness

WAX APPLIED TO THE DIE TO FORM THE COPING

Wax pattern coping top view (inside)

12/17/2011

METHODS OF WAX PATTERN CONSTRUCTION

Proximal Surfaces

There are four methods for construction:

1. Dipping method (molten wax, thin uniform layer around the die) 2. Addition method (bulk of wax pattern then carving it) 3. Molten press method (add molten wax ,pressure is applied by fingers after each layer, finally carving) 4. Injection method (for research only )
Proximal surfaces gingival to the contact area are normally flat or slightly concave from the contact area to the CEJ and any restoration must reproduce this feature.

Contact areas
The size shape and location of the contact area should be established before waxing the remainder of the proximal surfaces. Usually in the occlusal third of the crown except for the contact between maxillary first and second molar where it ocuurs in the middle third.

Contact areas
Contact areas between mandibular teeth are generally centrally located. Between maxillary premolars and molars they are usually towards the buccal surface making the lingual embrasure larger than the buccal. Contact between maxillary molars is usually centrally located.

12/17/2011

The contact areas should be shaped so that the gingival embrasures are symmetric. symmetric.

Axial Contours
Buccal and lingual surfaces should be shaped following the contours of the adjacent teeth. The position of the height of contour is generally located in the gingival third of most teeth. In mandibular molars, it is located in the middle third of the lingual surface.

Emergence Profile
That part of the axial contour extending from the base of the gingival sulcus past the free margin of the gingiva and extending to the height of contour should produce a straight profile. Significance: creation of a convexity in this area makes bacterial plaque removal very difficult and causes inflammatory and hyperplastic changes in the marginal gingiva. Therefore, emergence profile should be a treatment objective in restoring a tooth.

12/17/2011

Occlusal Morphology
Two occlusal schemes should be understood when planning the restorations: 1- Cusp-marginal ridge 2- Cusp-fossa Occlusal surface can be made by: Thin rubber occlusal former Preformed waxed occlusal surface

1- Cusp-marginal ridge CuspTooth-to-twoTooth-to-two-teeth arrangement

In which, the functional cusps (buccal cusps in mandibular and palatal cusps in maxillary) contact the oppsing occlusal surfaces on the marginal ridges of the opposing pair of teeth.

1- Cusp-marginal ridge CuspTooth-to-twoTooth-to-two-teeth arrangement

Its the most natural type of occlusion and is found in 95% of all adults Can be used for single restorations. Sometimes causes food impaction and displacement of teeth may arise if fucnctional cusps wedge into a lingual embrasure.

2- Cusp-fossa CuspTooth-toTooth-to-tooth arrangement

In which, the functional cusps occlude in the occlusal fossa of the opposing teeth.

12/17/2011

2- Cusp-fossa CuspTooth-toTooth-to-tooth arrangement

Rarely found in its pure form in natural teeth.

2- Cusp-fossa CuspTooth-toTooth-to-tooth arrangement

Advantages:

Each centric cusp contacts the opposing occlusal fossa at three points producing a tripod contact. Indicated for full mouth reconstruction.

1- Occlusal forces are directed parallel to the long axis. 2- Prevents food impaction. 3- Improved stability resulting from the tripod contacts for each centric cusp.

Waxing up the occlusal table

1. Cone Placement.

Curves of Spee and Wilson

Cone placement should follow the anteroposterior curve of spee so the mandibular cusps should become taller distally and the maxillary cusps should become shorter. They should also follow the curve of wilson when viewed from the frontal view with the nonfunctional cusps slightly shorter than the functional cusp.

12/17/2011

2- Cuspal ridges are then superimposed: buccal, mesial and distal cusp ridges.

3- Triangular ridges are then added

Cones, cuspal ridges and triangular ridges.

5-Occlusal morphology completed with supplemental anatomy

4- Marginal and secondary ridges

12/17/2011

Wax pattern occlusal surface

Wax pattern occlusal surface

Primary and secondary grooves

Cervical Margin finishing

Done to optimize the adaptation of the wax pattern and thus the cast restoration to the die. For this, margins should be reflowed and refinished immediately before investing.

Two principle objectives:

1. 2.

dissolution of cement Allow plaque control Margins should be checked for; Over-extension Under-extension Rough surface

Open margin

10

12/17/2011

Under extension

Rough contours

Wax Reflow (Margination)

Checking wax pattern on the die

Marginal flashes are then carved to the finish line

11

12/17/2011

Finishing and polishing

Wax pattern should be smoothened by using silk cloth wet with warm water and liquid detergent to produce smooth pattern without cracks and helps in burnishing the pattern closely to the die.

Removal of wax pattern

To remove the wax pattern, the die is held by the fingers of the left hand and the right hand holds the pattern, the die is then pulled from the pattern by bending the fingers of the left hand.

Thanks for listening

12