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Introduction to Earth Science

Multiple Choice
Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. Which of the following is NOT one of the main areas of Earth science? a. geology b. oceanography c. astrology d. astronomy 2. The area of Earth science that examines the physical and biological changes that have occurred in Earths past is called a. meteorology. b. physical geology. c. oceanography. d. historical geology. 3. According to the nebular hypothesis, our solar system formed from a huge rotating cloud made mostly of a. carbon and hydrogen. b. helium and hydrogen. c. oxygen and helium. d. nitrogen and oxygen. 4. Which of Earths spheres includes the oceans, groundwater, lakes, and glaciers? a. atmosphere b. biosphere c. hydrosphere d. geosphere 5. The asthenosphere and lithosphere are parts of Earths a. geosphere. b. biosphere. c. hydrosphere. d. atmosphere. 6. What are the three main parts of the geosphere? a. atmosphere, crust, core b. lithosphere, mantle, core c. crust, mantle, core d. asthenosphere, lithosphere, atmosphere

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Earth Science Chapter Tests

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7. The theory of plate tectonics helps scientists explain a. how ocean currents move over Earths surface. b. why hurricanes occur. c. how earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. d. why Earths mantle is more dense than its crust. 8. On the global grid, the prime meridian is at a. 0 latitude. b. 0 longitude. c. 90 latitude. d. 90 longitude. 9. A Mercator projection map shows accurate a. directions, but has distorted sizes and distances. b. distances, sizes, and shapes, but has distortions around the edges. c. size, but has distorted distances. d. size and accuracy only at the center of the map. 10. Which type of map best shows differences in elevation? a. Mercator b. Robinson c. gnomonic d. topographic 11. On a topographic map, contour lines that form a circle indicate a. a lake. b. a hill. c. an ocean. d. a depression. 12. On a topographic map, the elevation of an area with contour lines that are very far apart is a. nearly flat. b. very steep. c. constantly changing. d. mountainous. 13. A map with a scale of 1:24,000 means that a. 1 unit on the map is equal to 24,000 units on the ground. b. 1 unit on the ground is equal to 24,000 units on the map. c. the contour interval is 24,000 m. d. the contour interval changes every 24,000 m.

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Earth Science Chapter Tests

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14. What receives radio waves from space objects such as quasars? a. GPS equipment b. Landsat satellites c. VLBI equipment d. navigation satellites 15. We can say that Earth is a system because all of its parts a. represent separate closed systems. b. interact. c. were formed at the same time. d. are powered by the same energy source. 16. Which of the following would be one of the interacting parts in a weather system? a. weather satellite b. clouds c. tectonic plate d. GPS unit 17. Which of the following are powered by energy from Earths interior? a. erosion b. ocean circulation c. volcanoes d. weather 18. Which of the following is an example of a renewable resource? a. iron b. oil c. aluminum d. plants 19. Which of the following is an environmental hazard created by humans? a. air pollution b. flood c. hurricane d. drought 20. A scientific hypothesis can become a theory if a. the entire scientific community accepts it. b. the hypothesis is tested extensively and competing hypotheses are eliminated. c. there are no other competing hypotheses. d. the hypothesis can be tested at least once.

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Earth Science Chapter Tests

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Completion
Complete each statement on the line provided. 1. A group of sciences called science deals with Earth and its neighbors in space. 2. The hypothesis suggests that our solar system evolved from a huge rotating cloud. 3. Earth can be divided into four major spheres: the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, the , and the biosphere. 4. Earths lower mantle lies below the . 5. According to the theory of plate tectonics, forces such as volcanism and mountain building receive energy from Earths interior. 6. Lines of are used to measure distances north or south of the equator. 7. A(n) map projection is a rectangular representation of Earth that shows accurate directions, but distorts sizes and distances. 8. The major difference between a topographic map and other maps is that a topographic map shows . 9. Earth as a system is made up of many that interact. 10. A(n) is a group of interacting parts that form a complex whole. 11. The Earths atmosphere and hydrosphere are powered by the . 12. A major problem caused by humans is the contamination and depletion of resources. 13. Water, wind, and solar energy are considered resources because they can be replenished over relatively short time spans. 14. Only after a hypothesis has been tested extensively can it become a scientific . 15. The idea that Earth was the center of the universe is an example of a(n) that has long been discarded.

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Earth Science Chapter Tests

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Short Answer
In complete sentences, write the answers to the questions on the lines provided. 1. Describe each part of the geosphere, including the parts that make up the lithosphere and asthenosphere.

2. Explain how remote sensing is used to make accurate maps of Earths surface features.

Use Figure 1 to answer the following three questions. 3. Comparing and Contrasting What was the approximate world population from 4000 B.C. to 2000 B.C.?
8 7 6.1 billion (2000) 6 World population (billions)

4. How many more people inhabit the world today?

4 billion (1975)

5 4

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5. Compare the consumption of resources by the world population in the year 4000 B.C. with the present day.

2 billion (1930) 1 billion (early 1800s)

3 2 1 0

4000

2000

B.C.

A.D.

2000

Year

Figure 1

Earth Science Chapter Tests

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6. Give two examples of human activities that affect Earth systems.

7. Applying Concepts Explain why oil, natural gas, and coal are considered nonrenewable resources, whereas water and wind are considered renewable resources.

Essay
In complete sentences, write the answer to the question on the lines provided. 1. Earth as a System Discuss how human activities can affect natural processes such as landslides and floods.

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Earth Science Chapter Tests