RESEARCHARTICLE BangladeshJournalofMarineSciencesandFisheries Vol.1,No.

,1:120,2009

ISSN19924445

FisheriesSpeciesCompositionandWaterQualityoftheNaaf RiverEstuary
M.ShahNawazChowdhury*,M.ShahadatHossain,SayedurRahman ChowdhuryandNaniGopalDas InstituteofMarineSciencesandFisheries UniversityofChittagong,Chittagong4331,Bangladesh *CorrespondingauthorEmail:snawaz11@yahoo.com Abstract TheNaafRiverestuaryisoneofthelargestestuariesinBangladeshcoastthatis considered as a silver mine and its fishery resources has been contributing to meet the ever increasing demand of the fishermen. This paper provides informationaboutthefisheriesspeciesassemblagesintheNaafRiverestuaryby Estuarine Set Bag Net (ESBN) in relation to some hydrometeorological factors. About 25 km of the lower estuary was divided into six zones on the basis of sample collection by considering the accessibility, availability of the ESBN operation, fish landing centers and location of the fishing villages. A total 48 sampleswereanalyzedduringaperiodof8monthsfromMarchtoOctober2006. In the Naaf River estuary, a total of 161 different fisheries species were found comprising of 98 species of fin fishes, 23 shrimps and prawns, 13 crabs, 11 molluscs, 3 echinoderms, 4 species of other crustaceans and 9 unidentified. Salinityandturbidityplayedamajorroleontheoccurrenceanddistributionof the fisheries species. The Naaf River estuary was found a highly productive ecosystemwithfavourableenvironmentforestuarinespeciesassemblages. Keywords:ESBN,NaafRiver,Fisheriesspeciescomposition,Waterquality Introduction Estuaries are areas of physical and biological transition zones between freshwaters and the sea. This straddling of boundaries between land and sea, coupled with continual tidal mixing of fresh and salt waters, make estuaries dynamic, complex and highly productive system (Mann, 1982). Estuarine ecosystemsareconsideredassuitablefeeding,breedingandnurserygroundsfor various marine, estuarine and freshwater fishes. The most widely represented groups of fish in estuaries are euryhaline marine teleosts (Caridge et al., 1986;

Potteretal.,1990),whoenterintotheestuariesduringtheirearlylifetoavailthe favourable environmental condition and known as estuarine opportunist (Lenanton and Potter, 1987). True estuarine species spend all of their lives there (Dando, 1984) and are best considered estuarine dependent (Day etal., 1981). Fresh water species may inhabit in the upper reaches of the estuaries, whilesmallnumbersofmarinespeciesstrayintosalineregionsnearthemouth of the estuaries (Potter et al., 1990). Many freshwater fishes are diadromous, spending an obligatory phase of their life cycles at sea. Estuaries provide essentialpathwaysfortheirmigrationbetweenfreshandsaltwaters(McDowall, 1988).Thereareabout20estuariesthroughoutthecoastalzoneofBangladeshas well as some complex estuarine ecosystems in natural and planted mangrove forest dominated areas, but relatively little is known about the composition of their fisheries species and factors controlling their distribution and abundance. The objective of the present study was to identify and assess fisheries species diversity of the Naaf River estuary in relation to some hydrometeorological parameters. StudyArea The NaafRiver issituated in the extreme southeastern part of Bangladesh. The river originates from the Arakan hill range at latitude 2053 N and longitude 9225E,demarcatingtheborderbetweenBangladeshandMyanmar(Figure1). It flows about 52 km toward the south along the east side of Teknaf coast and finallyemptyintotheBayofBengalatlatitude2047Nandlongitude9228E. A narrow slice of plainland and mostly high cliffs have been spread along the rightbanksoftheriverwith50to100mwidemangroveforestwhereastheleft bankoftheriveriscoveredbyapatchofabout500to1000mmangroveforest. Asasemidiurnaltideinfluencedestuary,thetidalfluctuationrangesfrom2.5to 3.4m(BIWTA2006). Methodology Samplinganddatacollection For the sampling purposes the lower 25 km of the Naaf River estuary was divided into 6 sampling zones (SZ) and 8 Estuarine Set Bag Net (ESBN) was selectedfromeachzonetoidentifytheavailablefisheriesspeciesfromthetotal catch as well as to determine their abundance and distribution. By considering theopinionoflocalfishermenandpreviousrecord(Islametal.,1993),fullmoon waschosenforcollectionofsampleswhenthecatchwasrelativelyhigh.Samples were taken at the middle lunar quarter of each temporal stratum (third lunar quarterofeachtemporalstratumor,everyfifthlunarquartercountingfromthe firstsampledquarter).Inthisway,sixsamplesweretakenineachmonthfrom March to October, 2006. Sampling schedule was made by following tidal 2

calendar20052006(TAG,2006).Timesheduleforvisitingthedifferentsampling stations were selected by using tide table of BIWTA (2006), which enabled to knowthestartingandendingtimeofebbandfloodandadjustingforthestation

SZ 2

B e n g

SZ 4

o f

SZ 3

B a y

89

90

91

92

SZ 6
26

SZ 5

25

24

23

22

Bay of Bengal
21

Sampling Zone (SZ 1-6)

Location of ESBN

Figure 1. Geographical location of the Naaf River estuary with six samplingzonesandlocationof48ESBNoperations 3

SZ 1

to be sampled. The total catch of the fishermen was sorted into finfish, shrimp and prawn, crab, mollusc, echinoderms, etc. by visual assessment and then counted in situ. About 10% of the total catch, covering all the representatives, were preserved in 10% formalin for taxonomic studies in the laboratory. The collected specimens were identified on the basis of morphological characters following the taxonomic wishlist (Gotelli, 2004), different papers and books (Hossain, 1971; MPEDA, 2002; Munro, 1982; Shafi and Quddus, 1982; Collette and Nauen, 1983; Whitehead et al., 1988; McKay, 1992; Nakamura and Parin, 1993; Mitra and Banerjee, 2005; FishBase, 2006; NIO, 1998a,b; Ahmed, 1990; SiddiquiandZafar,2002).Attemptsweremadetoprovidevalidscientificnames of all the genera and species in accordance with the rules and principles as set forthintheinternationalcode,knownasvernacularnames.Moreover,physico chemical parameters viz., primary production, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, salinity, pH and turbidity were recorded monthly for each sampling zone, where the rainfall data were collected from Teknaf first class meteorologicalobservatory. Dataanalysis Thereweretwoissuestoaddressthestudyofspeciesdiversity.Thefirstwasto quantify the diversity of the assemblage i.e., species richness, and second, the statistical comparison between observed and total species richness to find the answer, whether the sample size was enough to represent all the species. To accomplish these, EstimateS (Statistical Estimation of Species Richness and SharedSpeciesfromSamples)softwareversion7.5(Copyright2005byRobertK. Colwell, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut,Storrs,CT068693043,USA)wereusedtomeasurespeciesrichness. There are a series of common pitfalls in quantifying and comprising taxon/species richness. To avoid their pitfalls, sample based rarefaction curves were used in each location based on the number of species actually sampled (Gotelli and Colwell, 2001). EstimateS software computes expected species accumulation curve (samplebased rarefaction curves in the terminology of Gotelli and Colwell, 2001), with 95% confidence intervals, using the analytical formulaeofColwelletal.(2004),asgivenbelow(equation1).

Sobs S j ......................(1)
j 1

where,Sobsobservedrichness,sjstandforthenumberofspeciesfoundinexactlyj samplesoftheempiricalsampleset,whichhasatotalofHsamples.Thuss1isthe numberofspeciesfoundinprecisely1sample,s2isthenumberofspeciesfound inprecisely2samples,andsoon. 4

Estimate of total richness (collected and noncollected species) of selected fisheries resources assemblages in each zone was done by Chao1 and AbundancebasedCoverageEstimatorofspeciesrichness(ACEmean)estimator by processing the necessary analytical data in EstimateS software which were basedonthefollowingequations(equation2andequation3)(Chaoetal.,2000; Chazdonetal.,1998;LeeandChao,1994;Chao,1987;Chao,1984).

SChao1 Sobs F12 / 2F2 ..................................(2)

2 Sace Sabund Srare / C ace F1 ace / C ace ...........(3)

inwhichSChao1=Chao1speciesrichnessestimator,Sobs=Totalnumberofspecies observed in all samples pooled, Fi = Number of species that have exactly i individuals when all samples are pooled (F1 is the frequency of singletons, F₂ the frequency of doubletons), Sace = Abundancebased Coverage Estimator of species richness , Sabund = Number of abundant species (each with more than 10 individuals) when all samples are pooled, Srare = Number of rare species (each with 10 or fewer individuals) when all samples are pooled, Cace = sampleabundancecoverageestimator(Cace=1F1/Nrare,whereNrare=numberof rarespecies)and2ace=estimatethecoefficientofvariationoftheFjs. Results A total of 162,755 individuals belonging to 76 families and 161 species were enumerated in the present study (Table 1), which comprises 98 species of fin fishes under 44 families, 23 species of shrimps and prawn under 5 families, 13 species of crabs under 8 families, 11 species of molluscs under 11 families, 3 species of echinoderms under 3 families, 4 species of other crustaceans and 9 unidentified species (Table 2). The total ESBN catch comprised (individual number) of 38.85% shrimps and prawns, 15.27% fin fishes, 5.33% crabs, 4.29% echinoderms, 0.58% molluscs and 35.67% other crustaceans (Figure 2). The familieswiththehighestspeciesnumberwereClupeidae(10species),Gobiidae (8 species), Engraulidae (7 species), Sciaenidae (7 species) for fin fishes and Penaeidae(12species)forshrimps. A total of 162,755 individuals were counted and 157,010 individuals were grouped into different taxa to prepare the abundance table. Highest 31,369 individuals were counted in SZ 5, while lowest 21,415 individuals in SZ 2. The variationinmonthlyabundancewasremarkableinallsamplingzones.Highest individuals were recorded in March for all sampling zones except SZ 4, where the peak was in April. The abundance for all sampling zones sharply reduced fromMarchtoJulyandthengraduallyincreaseduptoSeptemberandOctober (Figure3). 5

Table1.CatchCompositioninsixsamplingzonesfrom48ESBNsamplesofthe NaafRiverestuary.

Groups SL No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Family/Taxa SZ1 SZ2 13 0 5 16 0 0 27 57 648 385 270 264 37 10 0 0 7 15 40 43 2 1 885 613 0 0 512 648 2 0 0 0 0 0 15 7 12 2 0 0 72 31 32 38 28 26 3 0 188 115 31 42 0 3 37 37 55 35 55 35 0 0 993 618 5 0 12 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 3 235 391 0 0 0 0 110 55 0 0 366 108 267 404 88 143 2998 3871 3597 4340 3 8 238 297 0 5 48 64 0 0 0 2 5 4 122 200 78 110 1221 1724 IndividualEncountered SZ3 26 5 9 15 625 244 54 0 5 29 6 734 0 362 17 4 43 37 12 6 52 33 25 25 194 26 0 33 51 51 8 712 17 13 5 12 1 2 0 147 0 6 105 0 330 159 104 2191 5059 6 12 7 38 102 0 3 181 75 770 SZ4 6 8 5 19 431 226 29 0 7 42 6 505 0 475 5 3 23 19 6 3 23 38 15 17 147 43 1 32 34 34 6 475 2 4 0 6 0 4 1 229 0 1 79 0 312 249 136 2391 4327 11 22 8 46 168 0 2 255 96 971 SZ5 59 0 19 5 1031 355 150 17 0 15 12 1005 10 52 59 37 123 85 15 26 42 7 17 130 144 13 0 7 51 51 16 1002 12 56 43 33 17 0 0 40 10 36 129 0 312 41 157 2946 12926 31 59 1 8 16 3 0 231 37 373 SZ6 Total 35 139 0 34 16 49 6 129 787 3907 271 1630 107 387 11 28 0 34 26 195 15 42 834 4576 7 17 47 2096 34 117 26 70 85 274 70 233 14 61 16 51 28 248 9 157 14 125 100 275 112 900 17 172 0 4 10 156 33 259 33 259 14 44 725 4525 4 40 32 118 14 62 21 72 11 29 3 17 0 4 49 1091 4 14 31 74 118 596 1 1 292 1720 37 1155 226 854 3628 18025 12823 43072 63 122 108 736 6 27 10 214 31 320 9 14 0 14 342 1331 52 448 516 5575 Sub Compos Total ition
(%)

Fin fishes

Shrimps and Prawns Crabs

Arridae Anabantidae Belonidae Bagridae Clupeidae Cynoglossidae Carangidae Chirocentridae Channidae Centropomidae Dasyatidae Engraulidae Ephippidae Gobiidae Gerreidae Hemiramphidae Harpodontidae Leiognathidae Lobotidae Lagocephalidae Lutjanidae Muraenidae Muraenesocidae Mullidae Mugilidae Pangasiidae Periopthalmidae Platycephalidae Polynemidae Polynemidae Plotosidae Sciaenidae Soleidae Sillaginidae Scombridae Scatophagidae Stromateidae Syngnathidae Sygnathidae Trypauchenidae Tetraodontidae Teraponidae Triacanthidae Trygonidae Unidentifiedspp. Palaemonidae Palinuridae Penaeidae Sergestidae Solenoceridae Calappidae Limuloidae Maiidae Ocypodidae Paguridae Parthenopidae Portunidae Potamonidae Unidentifiedspp.

24855

15.27

63230 38.85

8679

5..33

Groups

SL No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5

Family/Taxa SZ1 SZ2

IndividualEncountered SZ3 0 3 6 4 0 40 10 10 5 9 16 28 8 14 3 1270 1297 31 648 12382 36 28577 SZ4 0 11 9 1 0 69 7 21 3 12 32 49 9 8 5 734 1602 55 469 8504 27 23609 SZ5 8 0 3 20 4 12 45 6 28 3 5 14 34 32 1 1269 509 0 10 6987 30 31064 SZ6 14 0 9 11 10 35 38 16 17 3 17 38 25 24 4 802 690 0 63 4641 19 28390 Total 22 24 36 36 14 303 100 58 53 29 93 175 76 82 33 6795 6083 134 1935 49750 159

Sub Compos Total ition

(%)

943

0.58

Mollusc

Anomlidae Balanidae Buccinidae Loliginidae Mytilidae Naticidae Octopodidae Olividae Sepiidae Thaididae Tonnidae Unidentifiedspp. Asteroidae Holothuriidae Temnopleuridae Unidentifiedspp. Amphiopoda Isopoda Sagittidae Squillidae Unidentifiedspp.

0 0 1 0 0 50 0 1 0 0 8 10 0 4 5 1822 1099 12 492 11071 32 27927

0 10 8 0 0 97 0 4 0 2 15 36 0 0 15 899 886 36 253 6165 15 23188

Echino derms Others

6987

4.29

58061 35.67

Total

162755

100%

SZ = Sampling Zone

Table2.SpecieslistoffisheriesresourcesobservedintheNaafRiverestuary
SL Family Finfishes 1 Clupeidae 2 Clupeidae 3 Clupeidae 4 Clupeidae 5 Clupeidae 6 Clupeidae 7 Clupeidae 8 Clupeidae 9 Clupeidae 10 Clupeidae 11 Engraulidae 12 Engraulidae 13 Engraulidae 14 Engraulidae 15 Engraulidae 16 Engraulidae 17 Engraulidae 18 Sciaenidae 19 Sciaenidae 18 Sciaenidae 21 Sciaenidae 22 Sciaenidae 23 Sciaenidae SpeciesName Escualosathoracata(Valenciennes,1847) Racondarusseliana(Gray,1831) Spratelloidessp. Hilsakelee(Cuvier,1829) Sardinellafimbriata(Valemciennes,1847) Tenualosatoli(Valenciennes,1847) Sardinellalongiceps(Valenciennes,1847) Tennualosailisha(HamiltonBuchanan,1822) Ilishamegaloptera(Swainson,1839) Sardinellasp. Stolephorussp. Thryssadussumieri(Valecciennes,1948) Setipinnataty(Valenciennes,1848) Stolephorussp. Coiliadussumieri(Valenciennes,1848) Coiliaramcarati(HamiltonBuchanan,1822) Stolephorussp. Johniusbelangerii(Cuvier,1830) Johniusmarcropterus(Bleeker,1853) Dendrophysarusselli(Cuvir,1830) Pannamicrodon(Bleeker,1849) Johniusargentatus(Hauttuyan) Johniuselongatus(Mohan,1976) EnglishName WhiteSardine Russelssmoothherring Herring KeleeShad Fringescalessardine ToliShad IndianOilSardine HilshaShad BigeyedIlisha Sardine Anchovy DusssumierisThryssa Scalyhairfinanchovy NK GoldspotedAnchovy TapertailAnchovy Anchovy SilverJawfish LargefinCroaker Croker PannaCroaker SilverJawfish MohansCroaker LocalName Sishshiri Fatra/Fhasa NK Gurtaillish Takhia NK Chototakkara JatiIlish ChoikkaFyssa NK NK NK Taillaphasa NK Holoa Holoa NK RupaPoa Poa Poa Lambu Sunati Poa

SL Family 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 Sciaenidae Soleidae Soleidae Cynoglossidae Cynoglossidae Cynoglossidae Cynoglossidae Cynoglossidae Pomadasidae Gobiidae Gobiidae Gobiidae

SpeciesName

EnglishName

LocalName

Johniussoldado(Fowler,1933) Euryglossaorientalis(Bloch&Schneider,1801) Zebriussp. Cynoglossuslingua(HamiltonBuchanan,1822) Paraplagusiabilineata(Bloch,1784) Cynoglossuasp. Cynoglossusmacrolepidotus(Bleeker,1851) Cynoglossussp. Pomydasyshasta Glossogobiusgiuris(HamiltonBuchanan,1822) Gobiussadanundio(HamiltonBuchannan,1822) Gobiusacutipennis(CuvierandValenciennes, 1837) Gobidae Apocryptesserperaster(Day,187578) Gobiidae Pseudapocrypteslanceolatus(BlochSchneider, 1801) Gobiidae Gobiussp. Gobiidae Apocrypteslanceolatus(Day,187578) Gobiidae Apocryptesdentatus(Cuvier&Valenciennes, 1851) Trypauchenidae Trypauchenvagina(Bloch&Schneider) PeriopthalmidaeBoleopthalmusviridis(Cuvier&Valenciennes, 1851 Sillaginidae Sillagosp. Sillaginidae Sillagodomina(Cuvier:Day,1876) Leiognathidae Gazzaminuta(Bloch,1797) Leiognathidae Leiognathusblochi(Valenciennes,1835) Leiognathidae Secutorruconius(HamiltonBuchanan,1822) Scombridae Scomberomorusguttatus(Bloch&Schneider, 1801) Scombridae Thunnussp. Carangidae Selarboops(Valenciennes,1833) Carangidae Alepesmelanoptera(Swainson,1839) Carangidae Selaroidesleptolepis(Cuvier,1833) Carangidae Caranxpara(Cuvier,1833) Gerreidae Gerresfilamentosus(Cuvier,1830) Gerreidae Pentaprionlongimanus(Cantor,1850) Gerreidae Gerresabbreviatus(Bleeker,1850) Platycephalidae Platycephalidae Scatophagidae Ephippidae Stromateidae Stromateidae Lobotidae Syngnathidae

SoldierCroaker) Poa OrientalSole KukurerJib ZebraSole KukurerJib LongTongueSole KukurerJib TwolinedTongueSole KukurerJib TongueSole KukurerJib LargescaledTongueSoleKukurerJib TongueSole KukurerJib Grunter Sadadatina GobioidFish SadoBele SpottedGoby GiriBele PointedFinnedGoby Bele NK Goby NK NK NK NK Mudskiper Sillago/Whitings GangeticSillago ToothedPonyfish BlochsPonyfish DeeppugnosePonyfish Spottedseerfish DoraChua Chiring NK Sobojchua DorkiChua LalChua NK Hondra Hondra NK NK NK NK

Grammoplitessuppositus(Troschel,1840) Platycephalusindicus(Linnaeus,1758) Scatophagusargus(Bloch,1788) Drepanepunctata(Linnaeus,1758) Pampusargenteus(Euphrasen,1788) Pampuschinensis(Euphrasn,1788) Lobotessurinamensis(Bloch,1801) Doryichthyscunculus(HamiltonBuchanan, 1822) Lagocephalidae Gastrophysuslunaris(Muller,1839) Tetraodontidae Tetradonsp. Polynemidae Polynemusindicus(Shaw,1804) Polynemidae Eleutheronematetradactylum(Shaw,1804) Teraponidae Teraponjarbua(Forsskal,1775) Lutjanidae Lutjanusrusselli(Bleeker,1849)

Tuna Maytta Oxeyedscad Mori/Salar Blackfincrevalle DoraMori YellowStripeTrevally NK GoldenScad NK LongRayedSilverBiddy Dom LongFinSilverBiddy Dom BlueBackedSilver Dom Biddy SoftfinFlathead Morguilla BartailFlathead Morguilla SpottedButterfish Bistara SpottedDrepane HatirKan SilverPomfret FoliChanda ChinesePomfret RupChanda TrippleTails SamudrikKoi PipeFish KhomirerKhil PufferFish Blowfish IndianThreadfin IndianSalmon JarbuaTerapon OnespotGolden Snapper Potka Potka Lakkua Tailla Gagha RajaKoi

SL Family 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 Lutjanidae Plotosidae

SpeciesName Lutjanusmalabaricus(Bloch&Schneider,1801) Plotosussp.

EnglishName MalabarRedSnapper EelCatfish Halfbeaks SpottailNiddlefish GrayRibbonfish SmallheadRibbonfish TripodFish BombyDucks NK SoldierCatfish Seacatfish LongwishkeredCatfish GiantMoray WhitespottedMoray

LocalName NK Somodrer Magur Aktuitta Doituitta KaloChuri SadaChuri Sukura/Biri Loitta Pangus NK KataMach Guilla NK Bamosh

Congers Kamila Congereel Kamila YellowGoatFish TutaBata YellowStrippedGoat TutaBata Fish 89 Mugilidae Mugilsp. GrayMullet GolBata 90 Mugilidae Mugilsp. Mullet PataBata 91 Mugilidae Lizatade(Forsskal,1775) TadeGrayMulletBata 92 Chirocentridae Chirocentrussp. WolfHerring KoratiChela 93 Channidae Channapunctatus(BlochandSchneider,1801) NK TakiMach 94 Anabantidae Anabastestudineus(Bloch,1795) NK KoiMach 95 Centropomidae Latescalcarifer(Bloch,1790) Barramundi Koral 96 Trygonidae Rajamicrura(BlochandSchneider,1801) ShortTailedButterfly Patamach Ray 97 Dasyatidae Dasyatisbennettii(Muller&Henle,1841) NK PataMach 98 Sygnathidae Hippocampussp. SeaHorse Oshogotok 99 UI*sp. 100 UIsp. Penaeusindicus(H.MilneEdwards,1837) Penaeusjaponicus(Bate,1888) Penaeussemisulcatus(DeHaan,1844) Penaeusmonodon(Fabricius,1798) Penaeusmerguiensis(DeMan,1888) Metapenaeusmonoceros(Fabricius,1798) MetapenaeusbrevicornisH.MilneEdwards,1837) Metapenaeusdobsoni(Miers,1878) Metapenaeuslysianassa(DeMan,1888) Parapenaeopsissculptilis(Heller,1862) Parapenaeopsisstylifere(H.MilneEdwards,1837) Parapenaeopsissp. Macrobrachiumrosenbergii(DeMan,1879) Macrobrachiumvillosimanus(Tiwari,1947) Macrobrachiummirabilis Macrobrachiumdolichodactyles Macrobrachiumrudis(Heller,1862) IndianWhiteShrimp KurumaShrimp GreentigerShrimp BlacktigerShrimp BananaShrimp BrownShrimp YellowShrimp FlowertailShrimp Birdshrimp RainbowShrimp KarikkadiShrimp NK GiantRiverPrawn NK NK NK HairyRiverPrawn ChamaChingri NK NK BagdaChinri BagaChama HorinaChingri LoillaChingri NK HannyChingri RudaChingri RudaChingri NK GoldaChingri DimuaIcha NK NK KuchaChingri

Hemiramphidae Hyporhamphussp. Belonidae Strongylurastrongylura(VanHassett,1823) Triacanthidae Trichiurushaumela(Forsska,1775;Day,1876) Triacanthidae Trichiurussavala(Cuvier,1829) Triacanthidae Triacanthusbrevirostris(Temminek&Schlegel, 1850) Harpodontidae Harpodonnehereus(HamiltonBuchannan, 1822) Pangasiidae Pangasiuspangasius(HamiltonBuchannan, 1822) Arridae Osteogeneiosussp. Arridae Ariussp. Bagridae Mystusgulio(Hamilton&Buchanna,1822) Muraenidae Thyrsoideamacrura(Bleeker,1854) Muraenidae Gymnothoraxpunctatus(Bloch&Schnieder, 1801) Muraenesocidae Congresoxsp Muraenesocidae Congresoxsp Mullidae Upeneussulphureus(Cuvier,1829) Mullidae Upeneusvittatus(Forsskal,1775)

ShrimpsandPrawns 101 Penaeidae 102 Penaeidae 103 Penaeidae 104 Penaeidae 105 Penaeidae 106 Penaeidae 107 Penaeidae 108 Penaeidae 109 Penaeidae 110 Penaeidae 111 Penaeidae 112 Penaeidae 113 Palaemonidae 114 Palaemonidae 115 Palaemonidae 116 Palaemonidae 117 Palaemonidae

SL Family 118 119 120 121 122 123 Palaemonidae Solenoceridae Palinuridae Palinuridae Palinuridae Sergestidae

SpeciesName Exopalaemonstyliferus(H.MilneEdwards,1840) Solenocerasp. Panulirussp. Panulirussp. Panulirussp. Acetessp. Scyllasp Portunussanguinolentus(Harbst,1783) Portunuspelagicus(Linnaeus,1766) Charybdissp. Paramithraxaculeatus(MilneEdwards,1840) Dotillamyctiroides(MilneEdwards,1840) Ocypodaceratopthalma(Pallas) Potamonwoodmasoni(Ruthbun) Potamonsp. Matutalunaris(Forskal) Anapagurussp. Limulussp. Parthenopesp. Tonnatessellata(Lamarck,1816) Balanuscrenatus Parnaviridis(Linnaeus,1758) Placunaplacenta(Linnaeus,1758) Olivasp. Naticasp. Thaissp. Babyloniasp. Octopussp. Sepiasp. Loligosp.

EnglishName RoshnaPrawn CoastalMudShrimp Lobstar Lobstar SpinyLobstar RiceShrimp MudCrab SpotedCrab MarineSwimmingCrab NK NK NK NK NK NK NK HarmitCrab Horseshoeshapecrab TunorCaskShells Barnacal GreenMussels WindowPenShell NK NK NK WhelkShell Octupus Cuttlefish Squid SeaUrchins SeaCucumbers StarFish MantisShrimp NK

LocalName GuraIcha MotharaIcha Lobstar Lobstar Lobstar GuraIcha SilaKakra NeptunKakra SataruKakra NK Makorsha Kakra SainikKakra LalKakra ChimtaKakra NK Lunarikakra NK NK NK NK NK NK NK NK NK NK NK Noinna Noinna Noinna SomodroHeja NK TaraMach Churi NK

Crabs 124 Portunidae 125 Portunidae 126 Portunidae 127 Portunidae 128 Maiidae 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 Ocypodidae Ocypodidae Potamonidae Potamonidae Calappidae Paguridae Limuloidae Parthenopidae UICrab

Molluscs 138 Tonnidae 139 Balanidae 140 Mytilidae 141 Anomlidae 142 Olividae 143 Naticidae 144 Thaididae 145 Buccinidae 146 Octopodidae 147 Sepiidae 148 Loliginidae

Echinoderms 149 Temnopleuridae Salmacissp. 150 Holothuriidae Holothuriasp. 151 Asteroidae Asteriussp. 152 UIspp. Others 153 Squillidae 154 Sagittidae 155 Amphiopod group 156 Isopodagroup 157 UIsp. 158 UIsp. 159 UIsp. 160 UIsp. 161 UIsp. Squillasp. Sagittasp.

After pooling the all 48 samples, the observed species richness (Sobs) was 161 where the abundance based Coverage Estimator (ACE) and Choa 1 Estimator 10

value was 161.73 and 1622.34 respectively (Figure 4 and Table 3). The highest species richness was found in Fin fishes 15% SZ6 (Sobs = 146, ACE = 149.11, Others 36% Choa 1 = 1491.55) and lowest species richness was found in SZ2 (Sobs = 116, ACE = 118.8, Choa 1 = 116.583.03). Species richness in SZ3, SZ4, SZ5, and Echinoderms Shrimps and 4% prawns 39% SZ6didnotdrasticallyfluctuate Crabs and ranged from 143 to 147 Molluscs 5% 1% (ACE 147.44 to 149.11; Choa 1, 14814 to 152.436.54). But the Figure 2. The catch composition of ESBN at the highest Choa 1 species richness NaafRiverestuary. estimatorvaluecountedinSZ1. The temporal effect was remarkable as well as the interaction among spatial gradients i.e., species richness among the zones depended on the sampling period. The recorded hydrometeorological parameters of different sampling zones are presented in Table 4. The highest and lowest water temperature was recorded as 31.4 and 29.4C during April and July at SZ5 and SZ4 respectively.Highersalinity(2932)wasobservedduringMarchAprildue tolowerprecipitation(0176mm)andsalinityreduced(05)duringMay Septemberduetohighprecipitation(5561159mm)thatclearlyindicatedthe
9000
SZ 1 SZ 2 SZ 3 SZ 4 SZ 5 SZ 6

8000 7000 Abundance (Induviduals) 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 March April May June Month July Aug Sept Oct

Figure 3. Abundance and monthly fluctuation of different fisheries taxa in 6 samplingzonesoftheNaafRiverestuary. 11

inverserelationbetweensalinity 170 and rainfall. Water pH ranged 160 150 between 7.5 and 8.5 in different Sobs = 161 140 sampling zones throughout the Chao 1 = 162 130 ACE = 161.73 120 study period. Dissolved oxygen 110 varied from 2.2 to 5.7 mg/l in Sobs (Mao Tau) 100 ACE Mean 90 different sampling zones that Chao 1 Mean 80 indicated favourable 70 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 environment for the adaptation Number of Samples of diverse aquatic organisms in the Naaf River estuary. The variation of gross primary Figure 4. Sample based rarefaction curves productivity (GPP) and net for species richness estimation in whole primary productivity (NPP) studyarea wereindiscriminateindifferentsamplingzonesthoughSZ1,SZ2,SZ5and SZ6wereidentifiedasmoreproductivethanSZ3andSZ4.Maximumand minimumwatertransparencywasrecordedas45and17.5cminSZ2andSZ 4respectivelyduringMarchandJuly.
Table3.SpeciesRichness(Pooled)Dataforallsamplingzones.
SZ Individuals Sobs Sobs (computed) (Mao 95%CI Tau) Lower Bound 26909 21415 27416 23306 30369 27595 157010 117 116 146 143 146 148 161 105.50 104.21 138.29 134.06 137.73 140.73 159.07 Sobs Sobs ACE Chao1 95%CI SD Mean Mean Upper (Mao Bound Tau) 128.50 127.79 153.71 151.94 154.27 155.27 162.93 5.87 119.95 118.36 6.01 118.80 119.00 3.93 147.76 148.14 4.56 148.83 152.43 4.22 147.44 148.50 3.71 149.11 149.00 0.99 161.73 162.00 Chao1 95%CI Lower Bound 117.20 116.58 146.36 145.76 146.39 148.11 161.07 Chao1 95%CI Upper Bound 126.10 131.53 158.78 175.19 161.99 156.73 175.57 Chao1SD (analytical)
Species Accumulation

1 2 3 4 5 6 Total

1.70 3.03 2.44 6.54 3.01 1.55 2.34

12

Table4.Somewaterparametersandrainfalldataofdifferentsamplingzonesat theNaafRiverestuary.
Months Sampling Zone SZ1 SZ2 SZ3 SZ4 SZ5 SZ6 SZ1 SZ2 SZ3 SZ4 SZ5 SZ6 SZ1 SZ2 SZ3 SZ4 SZ5 SZ6 SZ1 SZ2 SZ3 SZ4 SZ5 SZ6 SZ1 SZ2 SZ3 SZ4 SZ5 SZ6 SZ1 SZ2 SZ3 SZ4 SZ5 SZ6 SZ1 SZ2 SZ3 SZ4 SZ5 SZ6 SZ1 SZ2 SZ3 SZ4 SZ5 SZ6 Temp Salinity pH (C) () 30.8 30.6 30.6 30.5 30.8 30.6 30.5 30.5 30.8 30.9 31.4 31.3 31.1 31.0 30.7 30.6 31.3 31.1 30.1 29.9 30.0 29.9 30.7 30.5 29.6 29.7 29.5 29.7 29.7 29.5 29.7 29.6 29.5 29.6 30.4 30.3 29.8 30.0 29.6 29.4 30.0 29.9 30.4 30.1 30.2 30.5 30.5 30.5 30.28 0.54 29.1 28.3 30.5 28.5 32 31.7 21.2 20.5 27.3 26.0 31.1 30.8 2.2 2.0 6.4 5.5 13.2 13.0 5.5 5.2 7.3 5.8 15.0 14.6 0 0 3.1 2.5 8.6 7.3 1.2 1.0 4.5 3.1 11.5 10.9 3.0 2.8 19.4 17.6 20.2 18.8 10.1 9.5 17.2 17.0 21.5 21.2 13.84 8.1 8.2 8.1 8.0 8.2 8.0 7.8 8.0 8.0 7.8 8.0 7.8 8.0 7.9 8.2 8.1 8.4 8.3 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.5 8.2 7.9 7.5 7.5 7.8 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.8 8.1 8.0 8.2 7.9 7.5 7.6 8.2 8.0 8.5 8.0 7.7 7.8 8.2 8.1 8.3 8.3 7.95 Transparency DO(mg/l) GPP (cm) (mgC/m3/hr) 43.5 45.0 35.0 33.0 41.0 42.0 39.0 42.0 29.0 27.5 37.0 35.5 30.0 31.0 24.0 21.5 33.0 32.0 32.0 34.5 26.0 25.0 35.0 33.5 25.0 24.5 18.0 17.5 29.0 27.5 28.5 30.0 23.5 21.5 34.0 33.0 31.5 33.5 26.0 24.0 36.0 34.5 34.0 35.5 30.0 29.0 37.5 35.0 31.36 6.30 5.65 5.71 3.74 3.62 4.92 5.12 5.32 5.36 3.05 2.85 4.86 4.95 3.50 3.90 2.87 2.70 4.15 4.11 4.30 4.20 3.10 2.90 4.65 4.47 3.35 3.22 2.47 2.22 3.58 3.39 4.44 4.51 3.70 3.54 4.90 4.78 4.62 4.71 3.96 3.60 5.18 5.24 4.58 4.78 4.10 3.80 5.28 5.53 4.17 0.91 243.750 258.875 121.875 118.620 206.250 28.100 239.06 246.955 112.500 98.335 196.871 230.544 156.562 167.785 89.062 74.529 177.185 162.992 178.125 182.640 105.00 101.866 192.186 202.347 103.325 98.655 70.312 71.343 110.513 127.338 253.125 266.050 126.652 110.284 257.812 245.103 264.375 271.545 133.125 129.117 267.187 255.311 244.502 259.75 146.245 135.622 230.558 259.492 177.690 65.460 NPP (mgC/m3/hr) 120.937 124.653 59.062 47.882 117.187 120.988 113.433 116.474 46.875 47.608 115.312 131.205 87.187 86.255 34.687 27.911 85.312 72.533 81.562 78.860 43.125 39.780 90.937 101.86 47.813 55.902 26.250 18.990 57.187 52.371 143.437 163.695 66.562 63.251 150.937 158.462 151.875 148.772 70.312 58.114 168.750 145.008 146.660 160.557 82.352 76.209 132.526 153.776 93.570 43.360 Rainfal l(mm)

March

April

176

May

724

June

556

July

1159

August

723

September

829

October

237

Averege SD

10.21 0.24

13

Discussion The estuarine set bag net is efficient for fishing, even for small sized species of about10mminlength,andthusmorethan90%fishermenwidelyusetheESBN in the Naaf River estuary. The present study recorded 98 species of finfish, 23 speciesofshrimpandprawn,13speciesofcrab,11speciesofmollusc,3species ofechinoderm,4speciesofothercrustaceansand9unidentifiedspecieswhichis an excellent integration of 25 km long study area, 6 sampling zones, 48 ESBN catch, 8 months sampling period, in situ sorting and systematic laboratory analysisofabout10%ofthetotalcatch.Islametal.(1988)recordedatotalof98 fisheries species out of which 20 species of shrimp, 4 other crustaceans, 67 fin fishes,4molluscs,2coelenteratesand1echinodermfromtheNaafRiver,which was lower than the present study. This is due to the cause of using only 1 kg samplefrom2selectednetsin2stationsof10kmintervals. Table 5. Fisheries species composition in rivers, estuaries and channels of differentnationalandinternationalareas.
Location Fin fishes 98 67 48 76 46 152 139 50 14 85 70 50 20 20 33 Shrimps and Prawns 23 20 8 20 27 Crabs Molluscs Echinoderms Others References

NaafRiverEstuary NaafRiverEstuary Chittagongcoast, Bangladesh MoheskhaliChannel, Bnagladesh KarnaphulliRiver estuary,Bangladesh Coastalwaterof Bangladesh MarineandBrackish waterofBangladesh SydneyHarbour, Australia CooperCreek, Australia ItaipuReservoir, Brazil GambiaEstuary,West Africa Tagusesturay, Portugal KakanuiRiver estuary,NewZealand RiversofNorthern Karnataka,India NeyyarRiver,India

13 3 3

11 4 1 3

3 1

13 6 2

Presentstudy Islam,1987 Islam,2005 Ahammad, 2004 Kamal,2000 Islametal., 1993 Safiand Quddus,1982 Clynick,2008 Arthingtonet al.,2005 Oliveiraetal., 2004 Albaretetal., 2004 Cabraletal., 2001 Jellyman,1997 Arunachalam etal.,1997 Nairetal., 1989

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Islam etal.(1993) reported a total of185species orgroups of species of fin fish and shellfish in the ESBN catch in the coastal waters of Bangladesh. These included 15 penaeid shrimps, 3 nonpenaeid shrimps, 9 freshwater prawns, 3 crabs,3molluscs,90pelagicand62demersalfinfishes.Thepresentinvestigation has similarities in species composition of shrimp and finfish caught by ESBN with those of Chowdhury (1987) and Ahammad (2004). Besides, several investigatorsinthedifferentregions(Table5)havestudiedthefisheriesspecies assemblages of the coastal and estuarine systems which showed that the Naaf Riverestuaryisricherthanotherregions. Species richness in samples had risen rapidly at first because most of the common species were captured early in the sampling. As more samples or individualswereaddedtothecollection,speciesrichnesscontinuedtorise(upto 161inthepresentinvestigation),butatamuchslowerrate(BungeandFitzpatric, 1993). The ACE and Choa 1 indicator were higher than the observed richness curvesinallsamplingzones,andthatisusedtoindicatethepresenceofmissing species in the samples (Oliveira etal., 2004). After pooling all the samples that have drawn from the six sampling zones, the most important finding of the present investigation was that the sample based rarefaction curve was almost identical to the asymptotic estimator (Choa 1 and ACE) curves (Figure 4). This means that sampling has effectively captured all the species and there is no missingspecies. It is widely acknowledge that many interacting physical and biological factors influence the occurrence, distribution, abundance and diversity of estuarine fishes(Whitfield,1996;Blaber,2000).Amongtheenvironmentalvariables,water salinity,temperature,turbidity,dissolvedoxygen,andtheirregularorirregular fluctuations at different time scales, have been identified as determinants in estuarine fish ecology (Whitfield, 1996; Blaber, 2000). But no remarkable relationshipbetweenwatertemperatureandspeciesabundancewasobservedby thepresentandpast(Islam,1987)investigations.SalinitydistributionintheNaaf estuary was a function of the annual rainfall pattern in the catchment area and alsointrusionofmoresalinewaterfromtheBay.Highernumberofindividuals were recorded during March, and April when the salinity was comparatively higher (ranged from 20.5 to 32) than other months. Naaf River was dominatedbyeuryhalinemarineteleosts.Themostessentialadaptationbyfish and other organisms, which enters estuarine systems, is an ability to adjust to changesinsalinity(Panikkar,1960).Mostestuarinefishesareabletocopewith salinity fluctuation but their ability to do so varies from species to species and hence influences their distribution (Blaber, 2000). Dissolved oxygen varied between 2.22 to 5.65 mg/l and found no major role on species abundance and 15

distributionduetothehighwatercurrents(0.560.148m/sec).Similarresultwas observedforwaterpH,whichvariedinlowermagnitude(7.950.24)throughout thestudyperiod.GrossandNetPrimaryproductivity(GPPandNPP)depended onlightintensityandnutrientaccumulation.Duringrainyseason,GPPandNPP werelowduetolowlightintensityandturbiditywhichshowedrapiddecrease from the estuary mouth to upstream, reaching value 17.5 cm. Nutrients carried outbytheprecipitationaswellasupstreamdischargewereaccumulatedinthe river water and increased the GPP and NPP in late rainy season (August October).SZ3andSZ4werecomparativelyshallowerandoccupiedbyfewsmall islandstofacestrongwaveturbulencethatmaketheadjacentareamoreturbid andlessproductive.Turbidityisanimportantlimitingfactoronfisheriesspecies distribution and abundance in the estuarine environment of the Naaf River. Turbidity affects the estuarine fishes in three main ways: it may afford greater protection for juvenile fish from predators; it is generally associated with areas where there is an abundance of food; and it may provide an orientation mechanism for migration to and from the estuary (Blaber, 1980). However, excessive high water turbidity showed negative affect on fish egg survival, hatching success, feeding efficiency (mainly on filter feeders), and growth rate and population size (Whitfield, 1996). Whatever, its origin in the Naaf River Estuary,highprimaryproduction,suspendedinorganicmatter,oracombination of the two, turbidity will need to be taken into account in future comparative work because of its fundamental influences on fish distribution within the estuarine environment. The present investigation revealed that suitable hydro meteorological condition made the Naaf River estuary as divine for aquatic organisms. In conclusion, total species number in the Naaf River estuary is a goodindicatorofrichaquaticbiodiversity. References Ahammad,F.,2004.CatchCompositionofEstuarineSetBagNet(ESBN)inthe Moheshkhali Channel of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. M. Sc. Thesis, InstituteofMarineSciences,UniversityofChittagong,Bangladesh.67p. Ahmed, A.T.A., 1990. StudiesontheIdentityandAbundanceofMolluscanFaunaof the Bay of Bengal. Report of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Dhaka.89p. Albaret, J.J., Simier, M., Darboe, F.S., Ecoutin, J.M., Raftray, J and Morias, L.T., 2004.FishdiversityanddistributionintheGambiaEstuary,WestAfrica,in relationtoenvironmentalvariables.AquaticLivingResour.17:3546. Arthington, A.H., Balcombe, S.R., Wilson, G.A., Thoms, M.C and Marshall, J., 2005.Spatialandtemporalvariationinfishassemblagesstructureinisolated waterholes during the 2001 dry season of an arid zone floodplain river, CooperCreek.Australia.MarineandFreshwaterResearch,56:2535. 16

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