ChE 253K -- Applied Statistics -- Homework Tools for 2-D Data: yi = a + bx + e i

1. 2-D Least-Squares Line Fit Using the battery life (y) vs. additive level (x) data and the forms discussed in Lecture, please make the following plots and calculations by hand (calculator). (a) Scatter Plot the data points. Does a line seem likely to fit the data? (b) Using the Data Sums of Squares Table, calculate Sxx, Syy, Sxy from the data. Using these values, calculate Sums of Squares Total (SST), Regression (SSR) and Error (SEE). Does SST = SSR + SSE ? (c) Using the sums of squares, calculate the slope, intercept, coefficient of determination (r2), and standard error of estimate (se). (See Text p. 346 for how-to calc se from SSE). (d) Find the and t values for 90% confidence. Use them to calculate the 90% confidence limits of the regression line and 90% prediction limits of the next point. Give these equations. (e) Plot the regression line and confidence and prediction curves on the scatter plot. Does it confirm your prediction in Part (a)? (f) Plot residuals vs. x. Are the residuals homoscedastic? (What does that word mean?) 2. 2-D Least-Squares Line Fit Using the flow rate (y) vs. pressure (x) data, please make the following plots and calculations by hand and/or using Excel. (a) Scatter Plot the data points. Does a line seem likely to fit the data? (b) Using the Data Sums of Squares Table, calculate Sxx, Syy, Sxy from the data. Using these values, calculate Sums of Squares Total (SST), Regression (SSR) and Error (SEE). Does SST = SSR + SSE ? (c) Using the sums of squares, calculate the slope, intercept, coefficient of determination (r2), and standard error of estimate (se). How much (percentage) of the variation of y can be attributed to the function y = a + bx ? (d) Find the and t values for 95% confidence. Use them to calculate the 95% confidence limits of the slope and intercept. (e) Calculate the predicted flow rate and its 95% confidence interval for a pressure of 15 atm. (Hint: These are the confidence limits for a point on the regression line. For 95% confidence, /2 = 0.025. See Text p. 349.) (f) Plot the regression line on the scatter plot. Does it confirm your prediction in Part (a)? (g) Plot residuals vs. x. Compare your plot with Text Figure 11.12. 3. 2-D Least-Squares Curve Fit Using the reaction rate constant (y) vs. temperature (x) data, please make the following plots and calculations by hand and/or using Excel.

(a) Scatter plot the data on linear, semi-log (log vs. linear) and log-log graph paper. Which plotting transforms the data to give a line? What is the general form of the transform equation (yT = f(xT)) for that line? (b) Fit the data to the transform equation via least squares. Calculate the slope, intercept and r2. Does the r2 value indicate a good or a poor fit? (c) Make a table including (1) the original data (x,y), (2) the data transformed for fitting by the transform equation (xT,yT), (3) the data predicted (prime) by the equation (xT,y'T), and (4) the predicted data un-transformed (x,y'). (d) On linear graph paper, plot the original data (x,y) and the predicted data un-transformed (x,y'). Plot enough (x,y') data so you can sketch the fitted curve on the graph. Is the fit as good as the r2 indicated? (e) Plot residuals (y' y) vs. x. Are the residuals homoscedastic? (f) Scatter plot rate constant vs. 1/T on semi-log graph paper. It gives a line. What is the general form of the transform equation (yT = f(xT)) for that line? What is the name of this equation? (Hint: it starts with an A.) 4. Introduction to JMP Software Work through the highlighted JMP Introductory Guide, Chapter 1, Steps 1 thru 6. Analyze the distribution of the TypingData.jmp sample file. Copy and paste your results window to a Word document and print. 5. 2-D Least-Squares Fit in JMP Work through the highlighted JMP Introductory Guide, Chapter 7, thru "Excluding Points." Analyze the Growth.jmp sample file. Copy and paste your results window to a Word document and print. 6. 2-D Least-Squares Fit in JMP Using the flow rate (y) vs. pressure (x) data, please make the following plots and calculations in JMP. (This problem asks you to find the correspondence between your calculations in Problem 2 and calculations by JMP.) (a) Scatter Plot the data points. Fit a line to the points. (b) Find the Sums of Squares Total (SST), Regression (SSR) and Error (SEE) in the JMP Results. (c) Find the slope, intercept, coefficient of determination (r2), and standard error of estimate (se) in the JMP Results. (d) Use JMP to calculate the 95% confidence limits of the slope and intercept. (e) Plot the regression line and 95% confidence and prediction curves on the scatter plot. (f) Plot residuals vs. x. Compare your plot with Text Figure 11.12.

7. Model Least-Squares Fit in JMP Using the jet engine thrust (y) data, please make the following plots and calculations in JMP. The jet engine data is available in an Excel file. For Excel JMP import instructions, please see ChE253K Excel-JMP Demo.pdf. (With the ability to rapidly run regressions, you can consider several possible regressors.) (a) Make six scatter plots: y vs. x1, y vs. x2.... Rank the fits from best to worst based on the scatter plots. Explain, briefly. (b) Make six linear regressions: y = a + bx1, y = a + bx2.... Rank the fits from best to worst based on r-squared and mean squared error. Explain, briefly. (c) Make six residual plots: (y' - y) vs. x1, (y' - y) vs. x1.... Rank the fits from best to worst based on the residual plots. Explain, briefly.

ChE 253K -- Applied Statistics -- Homework Data

Effect of Additive Level on Rechargeable Battery Life (from Text) Additive Level (%) Battery Life (hrs) 0 2 1 4 2 5 3 7 4 9

Effect of Upstream Pressure on Gas Flow Rate (from Pavlos Tsartas) Pressure (atm) Flow Rate (CFM) 5 14 6 25 7 70 8 85 9 49 10 11 105 75 12 13 127 80

Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate Constant (from Hill, ChE Kinetics & Rx Design) Temperature ('K) Rate Const (m3/kmol-s) 575 645 685 715 780 1.2E-5 8.6E-4 5.0E-3 2.4E-2 3.8E-1

Effect of Primary Rotation Rate (x1), Secondary Rotation Rate (x2), Fuel Flow Rate (x3), Pressure (x4), Exhaust Temperature (x5), and Ambient Temperature (x6) on Jet Engine Thrust (y). (from Montgomery & Runger, Applied Statistics for Engineers) y 4540 4315 4095 3650 3200 4833 4617 4340 3820 3368 4445 4188 3981 3622 3125 4560 4340 4115 3630 3210 4330 4119 3891 3467 3045 4411 4203 3968 3531 3074 4350 4128 3940 3480 3064 4402 4180 3973 3530 3080 x1 2140 2016 1905 1675 1474 2239 2120 1990 1702 1487 2107 1973 1864 1674 1440 2165 2048 1916 1658 1489 2062 1929 1815 1595 1400 2047 1935 1807 1591 1388 2071 1944 1830 1612 1410 2066 1954 1835 1616 1407 x2 20640 20280 19860 18980 18100 20740 20305 19961 18916 18012 20520 20130 19780 19020 18030 20680 20340 19860 18950 18700 20500 20050 19680 18890 17870 20540 20160 19750 18890 17870 20460 20010 19640 18710 17780 20520 20150 19750 18850 17910 x3 30250 30010 29780 29330 28960 30083 29831 29604 29088 28675 30120 29920 29720 29370 28940 30160 29960 29710 29250 28890 30190 29960 29770 29360 28960 30160 29940 29760 29350 28910 30180 29940 29750 29360 28900 30170 29950 29740 29320 28910 x4 205 195 184 164 144 215 206 195 171 149 195 190 180 161 139 208 199 187 164 145 193 183 173 153 134 193 184 173 153 133 198 186 178 156 136 197 188 178 156 137 x5 1732 1697 1662 1598 1541 1709 1669 1640 1572 1522 1740 1711 1682 1630 1572 1704 1679 1642 1576 1528 1748 1713 1684 1624 1569 1746 1714 1679 1621 1561 1729 1692 1667 1609 1552 1758 1729 1690 1616 1569 x6 99 100 97 97 97 87 87 87 85 85 101 100 100 100 101 98 96 94 94 94 101 100 100 99 100 99 99 99 99 99 102 101 101 101 101 100 99 99 99 100