ABSTRACT Th e s u p e r c on du c t i n g g e ne r a t o r u s i n g s u p e r c o nd u c t o r s i n f i e l d winding is superior to conventional generator in terms of power systemstability, generator efficiency, generator dimensions and weight.

They have been expected as a key generator technology to realize large capacity morethem 1GVA. Recently for then advantages are pointed out compared toconventional generator like small internal impedance that is effective tomake system voltages in deregulated power system. These technical meritshave pushed the development of superconducting generator in Japan, US,Germany and other countries.

1. INTRODUCTION Th i s p a pe r c o ve r s t h e s t r u c t u r a l d e t a i l s of r o t o r a nd s t a t or , t h e working and the cooling system for super conducting field windings. Alsot h e m a i n f e a t u r e s a n d r e s e a r c h a n d d e ve l op m e nt o n s u p e r c o nd u c i n g generator are covered briefly. . Fundamental technology for higher densitya n d l a r g e r c a p a c i t y i s n o w u n d e r r e s e a r c h . I t i s e x p e c t e d t h a t superconducting generators becomes superior to conventional generatorsfrom economical and performance point of view.Superconducting generators are useful for solving problems appearedin power system and they are expected to the major source of electrical power in the coming decades.

2. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION El e c t r i c a l g e ne r a t o r s c o nt a i ni ng one or m o re s u pe r c on du c t i n g components are known to those skilled in the art.If one were able to modify the devices of the aforementioned patentsso that they utilized coils consisting of "high Tc" superconductive material,i t t h e o re t i c a l l y m i g h t be p os s i b l e t o op e r a t e t h e g e ne r a t or s a t h i g h e r temperatures. The "high Tc" superconductors exhibi t superconductive properties at relatively high temperatures, often as low as 77 degrees Kelvin.It is an object of this invention to provide an electrical generator containing a superconductive stator which can be efficiently operated at atemperature as high as 77 degrees Kelvin.I t i s y e t a n ot h e r o b j e c t of t h i s i n v e nt i o n t o p r o v i d e a n e l e c t r i c a l generator which does not require the presence of a coil comprised of high Tcsuperconductive material.I t i s y e t a n ot h e r o b j e c t of t h i s i n v e nt i o n t o p r ov i d e a n e l e c t r i c a l generator in which energy losses due to mechanical contact and friction areminimized.In accordance with this invention, there is provided an electricalgenerator containing a magnetic rotor and a stator; the stator contains a bodyc o ns i s t i ng of h i g h Tc s u p e r c o nd u c t i ve m a t e r i a l a n d , a d d i t i on a l l y , a n electromagnetic coil

3. STRUCTURAL DETAILS AS CLAIMS 1. An electrical generator assembly comprised of a stator, a rotor disposedwithin said stator, and means for causing reciprocating movement of saidrotor within said stator, wherein:(a) said is stator is comprised of a superconductive sectioncomprised of superconductive material, and an electromagnetic coil;(b) the interior surfaces of said stator define a symmetrical shape;(c) said

superconductive material has a first critical field valueg r e a t e r t h a n a b ou t 1 0 Ga u s s a n d a s e c o nd c r i t i c a l f i e l d v a l u e of greater than about 30 Tesla;(d) Said rotor is comprised of at least two nonmagnetic sectionsand at least one magnetic section. 2. The electrical generator assembly as recited in claim 1, whereinsaid assembly is comprised of a linear induction motor operatively connected to say rotor. 3. The electrical generator assembly as recited in claim 2, wherein saidstator is comprised of at least two of said superconductive sections. 4. The electrical generator assembly as recited in claim 3, wherein said rotor i s c o m p r i s e d o f a t l e a s t t w o m a g n e t i c s e c t i o n s . 5. The electrical generator assembly as recited in claim 4, wherein saidstator is compri sed of at least three of said superconductive sections. 6. The electrical generator assembly as recited in claim 5, wherein saidsections of superconductive material have a substantially circular shape. 7. The electrical generator assembly as recited in claim 6, wherein saide l e c t r o m a g n e t i c coils have a substantially circular shape. 8. The electrical generator assembly as recited in claim 7, wherein said rotor i s c o m p r i s e d o f at least three non magnetic sections. 9. The electrical generator assembly as recited in claim 8, wherein saidm a g n e t i c s e c t i o n s consist essentially of permanent magnets. 10. The electrical generator assembly as recited in claim 9, wherein saidr o t o r i s c o m p r i s e d of at least three permanent magnets

5. DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS OF THEDRAWINGS A preferred embodiment of applicants' invention is illustrated in FIG.1 of this case. Referring to FIG. 1, it will be seen that shock absorber 10 iscomprised of chamber 11, cap 12, and piston 26. Chamber 11 is comprisedchamber housing 14. Chamber housing 14 is preferably comprised of at leasta first superconductive portion 16, a first electromagnetic coil 18, a secondsuperconductive portion 20, a second electromagnetic coil 22, and a thirdsuperconductive portion 24. The shock absorber 10 is comprised of a piston26.Superconductive portions 16, 20, and 24 preferably consist essentiallyof t h e H i g h Tc s u pe r c on du c t i v e m a t e r i a l d e s c r i b e d e l s e w h e r e i n t h i s specification.In one preferred embodiment, chamber 11 is formed by coating a highTc s u pe r c o nd u c t i v e m a t e r i a l on t o a s h a p e d s u bs t r a t e . I t i s k n ow n t h a t c e r a m i c m a t e r i a l s m a y b e f a b r i c a t e d i n t o f i l m

b y e v a p o r a t i o n o r b y sputtering methods; however, both of these methods are usually conductedunder vacuum. Housing 14 is preferably cylindrical, although it could take

other substantially symmetrical shapes. Thus, by way of illustration, housing14 could be square, triangular, hexagonal, octagonal, and the like.In the preferred embodiment, wherein housing 14 is cylindrical, thehousing preferably has an outside diameter 30 of from about 1 millimeter toabout 50 centimeters. It is preferred that outside diameter 30 be from about 1to about 20 centimeters. It is even more preferred that outside diameter 30 be from about 2 to about 10 centimeters.As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, when a Type II metallicsuperconductor is used, the cooling means must be adequate to cool thechamber to below the critical temperature of the superconductor used.In one preferred embodiment, a substrate in the desired shape of achamber is coated with superconductive mat erial. It is preferred that arelatively thick film of superconductive material greater than 0.1 micronand, preferably, on the order of from about 1 to about 100 microns, becoated onto the substrate.Referring again to FIG. 1, it will be seen that shock absorber 10 iscomprised of a means 32 and 34 for attaching the shock absorber to fixedsurfaces. Means 32, which preferably is an integral part of cap 12, may beused to attach chamber 11 to a fixed surface. Means 34, which preferably isan integral part of piston 26, may be used to attach piston 26 to a fixedsurface.The length 36 of chamber 11 preferably will range from about 2 toabout 100 centimeters and, even more preferably, be from about 5 to about50 centimeters. In an even more preferred embodiment, length 36 is from

about 10 to about 20 centimeters. It is preferred that the ratio of length 36 todiameter 30 is from about 1:1 to about 10:1.C o i l 18 i s p r o v i d e d w i t h e l e c t r i c a l l e a d s 3 8 a nd 4 0 . C oi l 2 2 i s provided with electrical leads 41 and 44. Current may be provided to theseleads to cause a magnetic field to be created around coils 18 and 22. As iswell known to those skilled in the art, the amount of direct current furnishedt o s a i d e l e c t r i c a l l e a d s w i l l c o nt r ol t h e s t r e n g t h of t h e m a g ne t i c f i e l d surrounding coils 18 and/or 22. Furthermore, the direction of the currentf u r ni s h e d t o s a i d e l e c t r i c a l l e a d s w i l l de t e r m i n e t h e d i r e c t i on of t h e electromagnetic field formed around coils 18 and 22.FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1,i l l u s t r a t i n g p i s t on 2 6 d i s p os e d w i t h i n c h a m be r 1 1 . A s w i l l be s e e n by reference to FIG. 2, piston 26 is comprised of at least two magnets 46 and48.Referring to FIG. 2, it will be seen that means 34 for

attaching piston26 to a fixed surface may be secured to piston 26 by conventional means.Thus, as is illustrated in FIG. 2, said means 34 may be screwed into anappropriate threaded receptacle 50 of piston 26. Alternatively, said means 34may be adhesively joined to piston 26.A s w i l l be a p p a r e n t t o t h os e s k i l l e d i n t h e a r t , t h e r e w i l l be a n interaction between the electromagnetic fields created around coils 18 and2 2 a n d t h e m a g n e t i c f i e l d s a r ou nd pe r m a ne nt m a g n e t s 4 6 a n d 48 . B y choosing the appropriate current flow direction for the wound coils 18 and

22, and the polarity of the magnets 46 and 48, one may insure that piston 26will tend to stay in a fixed position vis-a-vis coils 18 and 22.In one preferred embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 2, the force created between the electromagnetic field of coil 22 and the mag netic field of magnet 46 will be exerted in the direction of arrow 52; and the force created between the electromagne tic field of coil 18 and the mag netic field of magnet 48 will be exerted in the direction of arrow 54. In this embodiment, piston 26 will tend to stay disposed in the center of chamber 11. Because of the "Meissner effect," discussed elsewhere in this specification, the piston2 6 w i l l t e n d s t ay a w a y f r o m t h e i nt e r i or s u rf a c e s of s u p e r c on du c t i v e chamber 11. Thus, in this embodiment, there are at least three separateforces tending to insure that piston 26 remains disposed in substantially one position within chamber 11. Applicants' shock absorber 10 thus contains afirst means for maintaining piston 26 substantially at a fixed position withinchamber 11, and second means for maintaining piston 26 substantially at afixed position within chamber 11.In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, the distance 56 between magnets 46 and 48 is less than the distance 58 between coils 18 and 22. Inanother embodiment, not shown, the distance 56 is equal to or greater thanthe distance 58. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, byvarying the distance 56 and 58 and their ratio, the extent to which piston 26is free to travel also may be varied.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that shock absorber 10may be disposed so that gravity is acting upon piston 26 in the direction of arrow 52, or in the direction of arrow 54, or in any intermediate direction

When the shock absorber 10 is disposed so that gravity acts upon piston 26in the direction of arrow 52, one may choose to balance the effect of gravity by several conventional means. One such means is to provide a greater current to coil 18 than is provided to coil 22. Another such means is toadjust the current flow to coil 22 so that the force exerted between magnet46 and coil 22 is acting in the direction of arrow 54. Many other possiblec o nf i g u r a t i o ns , or c o m b i na t i o ns , w h i c h y i e l d a s t a b l e de v i c e , w i l l be apparent to those skilled in the art.In one preferred embodiment, not shown, magnet 48 is located at thesubstantial centerpoint of the length 58, and magnet 46 is located above coil22. In this embodiment, the magnets are so disposed and/or the current tothe coils 18 and 22 are so directed, that the net force on piston 26 willmaintain such piston within the center of chamber 11. As is known to thoseskilled in the art, force varies with distance, and by choosing the appropriatedistance between the magnets and the coils, one may adjust the competingforces on

piston 26 in such a manner that the piston is maintained within thecylinder at any specified desired point. If any external vibration or shock tends to move the piston from the desired balance point, the combinedforces of the magnets and/or electromagnets and/or gravity will tend toreturn the piston back to its original position.In one embodiment, shock absorber 10 is provided with an adjustablemeans (not shown) for varying the amount of current and/or the direction of the current provided to leads 38, 40, 42, and 44. Thus, applicants' novelshock absorber, in this embodiment, contains means for changing its desired

position; and it also contains means for varying the resistance of the shock absorber to displacement of piston 26.Th e d i s t a n c e 5 9 be t w e e n t h e b ot t o m 6 0 of p i s t on 2 6 a nd t h e t op surface 62 may be varied, as indicated above, by varying the placement of magnets 46 and 48, and/or varying the polarity of magnets 46 and/or 48,and/or varying the direction of the current supplied to coils 18 and/or 22,and/or varying the strength of the current supplied to coils 18 and/or 22,and/or varying the length of piston 26. In some embodiments, it will bedesired to have piston contact surface 62; in other embodiments, said contactwill preferably be avoided.In one preferred embodiment, because of the suitable combination of gravity, the Meissner effect, the forces between the electromagnets and themagnets, and the manner in which shock absorber 10 is disposed, piston 26is disposed within chamber 11 in such a manner that none of its surfacescontact any of the interior surfaces of chamber 11. Thus, the frictionlessmode of operation tends to lengthen the service life of shock absorber 10.This mode of operation is hereinafter referred to as "contactless."In one embodiment, not shown, in addition to magnets 46 and 48, atleast one additional magnet is disposed within piston 26 in order to enhancethe Meissner effect. In another embodiment, at least two of said additionalmagnets are disposed within piston 26, preferably near the ends of such piston 26, to enhance the Meissner effect and/or to further interact withelectromagnetic fields created by coils 18 and 22

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, a device w i t h superconductive cylinders 16, 20, and 24 is illustrated. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, in other embodiments, one may dispose withthe use of superconductive chamber 16.FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the chamber 11 of FIG. 1. FIG. 5 isan end view of the chamber 11 of FIG. 3, taken along lines 5--5. FIG. 4 is a partial sectional view of the piston 26 of FIG. 2, showing how magnets 46and 48 are disposed within said piston. FIG. 6 is an end view of the piston26 of FIG. 4, taken along lines 6--6.Referring to FIG. 4, it will be seen that piston 26 is comprised of nonmagnetic section 64, magnet 48, nonmagnetic section 66, magnet 46,a n d n on m a g ne t i c s e c t i o n 6 8 . Th e p i s t on 2 6 i s p r e f e r a bl y a n i n t e g r a l assembly. Although the piston 26 depicted in FIG. 4 has three nonmagneticsections and two magnetic sections, one may have an embodiment in whichnonmagnetic section 64 is disposed of.Any conventional means for preparing a rod comprised of at least twononmagnetic sections and at least two magnetic sections may be used to prepare piston 26.In one embodiment, not shown, piston 26 is prepared by a molding process. In this

embodiment, a cylindrical mold is provided, and magnets 46and 48 are disposed within said mold at their desired locations. Thereafter,the mold is then filled with a suitable material which can be caused toharden to a nonmagnetic solid and to enclose the magnets 46 and 48 within

i t . A ny s u i t a b l e , n on m a g ne t i c m ol d a b l e m a t e r i a l m a y be u s e d f or t h i s purpose.In one embodiment, the molding material is comprised of epoxy resinwhich, optionally, may be reinforced. As is known to those skilled in the art,epoxy resins have in their molecules a highly reactive oxirane ring.In one embodiment, piston 26 is prepared by using a fiberglass matand resin. 6. ADVANTAGES OF SG 1. Energy savings2. Reduced pollution per unit of energy produced3. Lower life-cycle costs4. Enhanced grid stability5. Reduced capital cost6. Reduced installation expenses

7. CONCLUSION The Generator uses a exciting conventional stator while the rotor is made of 90% Ni steel. The rotor winding is made of ten 40 turns BiPb2223 flat pancake coil. For operation at temperature close to the boiling point of liquid nitrogen, it is of great importance to reduce the normal magnetic fieldcomponents in the super conducting tape. This is achieved in our design bycarefully modeled and optimized placement of magnetic rings In betweenthe Superconducting coils. These rings significantly reduce the undesirablenormal magnetic fields.It is generally recognized that economic benefit of HTS materialscannot been shown directly on a small machine; nevertheless it will be possible to projct our result and demonstrate principal advantages of our design.

Reference 1.Lay, KW., Herd, and King, C., Advantages in Cryogenic Engineering(1996), 42 9859912 . A i z e d , D . , G a m b l e , B B . , S i d i - Y e k h l e f A . a n d V o c c i o J P . , I E E E Transaction on Applied Superconductivity (1999), 9 1197-1200.3.Sykulski, JK., Goddard KF and ship, KS., Modelling and evaluationo f e d d y c u r r e n t l o s s i n H i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s u p e r c o n d u c t i n g synchronous Generator. Studies in Applied Electroma gnetics andMachines (2002, 2008) ISO142-147