PRINCILES

AND

ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
Design is the organized arrangement of one or more elements and principles (e.g. line color or texture) for a purpose. Design as a noun informally refers to a plan for the construction of an object or a system (as in architectural blueprints, engineering drawing, business process, circuit diagrams and sewing patterns) while to design (verb) refers to making this plan. No generally-accepted definition of design exists and the term has different connotations in different fields. Types of design: 1: Geometrical design Use of designs, such as squares, triangles, oblongs, and circles to form designs on fabric and apparel. 2: Natural design Natural Design is also an approach to psychology and biology that holds that concepts such as "motivation", "emotion", "inner feeling", "development", "adaptation" refer not to down-reductive explanations of things but to up- reductive descriptions of patterns of which those things are part. 3: Abstract design whose forms have been reduced or modified from representational forms or a design using non-representational forms. 4: Stylized design using artistic forms and conventions to create effects; not natural or spontaneous; "a stylized mode of theater production".

Design elements and principles describe fundamental ideas about the practice of good visual design that are assumed to be the basis of all intentional visual design strategies. The elements form the 'vocabulary' of the design, while the principles constitute the broader structural aspects of its composition. Awareness of the elements and principles in design is the first step in creating successful visual compositions. These principles,

which may overlap, are used in all visual design fields, including graphic design, industrial design, architecture and fine art.

Composition of design: Principles of design are as varied as attitudes regarding modern design. They differ both between the schools of thought that influence design, and between individual practicing designers. Elements of design are the basic units of a visual image. These elements include: line, shape, color, shades, texture, form, value etc. Types of composition: 1: Decorative composition is a composition that gives pleasing effect to the design and can attract anyone towards its self. 2: Representative composition is a composition which represents the features of life weather good or bad. It promotes the features of the society and people working around. 3: Expository composition is composition in which religious aspects are exposed. Arts use this composition in their paintings to promote their religion. Point

Point
Even if there is only one point, one mark on a blank page there is something built into the brain that wills meaning for it, and seeks some kind of relationship or order, if only to use it as a point of orientation in relation to the outline of the page. Ifthere are two points, immediately the eye will make a connection and "see" a line. If there are three points, it is unavoidable to interpret

them as a triangle; the mind supplies the connections. This compulsion to connect parts is described as grouping, or gestalt. Gestalt is the fundamental tool the designer or artist uses to build a coherent composition. The example of a student selfportrait seen on the left demonstrates how images may be built from points, with the variations in density producing the illusion of form. Gestalt theory developed in the 1920s in Germany. The term describes a number of concepts that the eye/mind use to group points into meaning. These include Closure, in which the mind supplies missing pieces to complete the image-- this occurs in the Mona Lisa images to the right. A second concept is continuity-- this describes the tendency to "connect the dots" and so accept separate parts or points as part of a contour or form. It is hard to resist, for example, the compulsion to see two dots as implying a line, or three as framing a triangle.Similarity describes the tendency to see and group objects of similar shape or color. Proximity results in a tendency to group points or objects that are close to one another relative to less proximate in the visual field. Alignment, either along edges of the objects or points or through their centers, will persuade us see them as a contour or a line