Chinese Phonetic Ti.

anscnptr on (pinyin)
1. Formula for the Chinsse Phonetic Transcription (pinyin).

bpmf
inidals

dtnl
iqx zcs

skh
zhchshr

simple finals

o
ot

o ou

e
ei
io
IE

u ucl

compound

ue

finals

oo

uo
uoi uei

too finals
nasal

tou

on

ong

en

ton
IN

uon uen uqng ueng

uon
un

compound

ong

eng

finals

rong
tng

rong

2. Tones.
first tone (55) 5 second tone (35) 4 third tone (214)
3

3. A Chinese s5'llable

is made up of

initials, finals

and a tone. For example:

initials
n

finals

tones

syllables
NI

qo

hdo

1 fourth tone (51)

4. A difference in tone means a difference in meaning.

mq (mum)

ll1o (t-lar

rno (horse)

mo (to swear)

+s'
t3, ;:at Y('+

\1p--^<;.t*ru

,NJ tr
wen (to ask)

wen (lukewarm)

wen (to smell)

w6n (to kiss)

long

(square)

long (house)

fdng (to visit)

fong lput dou'n

qt (seven)

qi (to ride)

qi (get up)

ran_rry

Unit One
School, Clossrnotes ond Teochers
Look and Say

Ni hdo, w6 shi Wong Jioming.

IR
ni

*t
hoo
for tkt -:,"r- *,,,,.,

Wang Jiaming, a freshman, is meeting his clas.sntctte

-:-.r

^c: Ni hoo Ni hdo W6.1ioo Wong Jioming.

^.o

.2,\ -'

_ - r,tt t9.

lr

Jowei, W6 jioo Dqwei.

Neg

\r ords

I fft r prirn. .^r x 2. U+ hoc ,.j.r. :.rrr)J 3. +t wo {pron, r I: me 4. Eq .1ioo (\ ) call: name
.

Proper nouns

EfuHA Wong

Jioming

Wang Jiaming

Dowei

David

Read, then practice with a partner.

Ni hoo. Lisa

ftgo'hons h6oP t-in{p

Wdn.hong hdo9 Jac5
Wonshong hoo, Bob.

On your
A: Ni hdo,

own:

Complete the following dialogues. Emma Williams. ,q: Zdoshong hdo, Bob. B:
, Charlie.

w6

Alice Harris.

Class activity
Do you have a Chinese name? If you don't, choose one for yourself. If you do, write it on the blackboard and tell us what does it mean.
:

. 'zi , .4\ lia

family

tfi
w6r

great

ry
Jun
v)1,

army

'

'
victorious
:

le ;la
met
-j--

beautiful cloud

7i
long

fragrant

1f{
shu

fair. kind
and gentle

:qE bright )f, light

" mlng
guong

tE plum
m6i

qtr
lUCr

sracetul

kdi

yun

O Good morning O Good evening.

@Phonerics
1. Read the following sounds.
initials

finals

tones

syllables

I,.-l i_:

v.ic

Ji,aic

r- : ,i-r

i. mri-'! ,,vfinG
JtflmtnE

d,;

dc
2. Rules of the Chinese Phonetic Transcripti on tHnyint.
rlrSpecialsvllables
syllables that contain

toler

liaison of the initial

and the final

z, ct si

zhi chi shi

ri

special

syllables without

syllables

initials (zero initials)

yi (-i) ye (-ie)
yin (-in) ying (-ing)

wu (-u) wo (-uo) woi (-uoi) wei (-uei) wo (-uo) wong (-uong) weng (-ueng)

yu (-u)
yun (-un) yue (-ue) yuon (-uon)

(2) Tone sandhi

original tones

actual tones nt hoo when two characters of the third tone are joined together, the

ni + hdo

first one is pronounced with a second tone.

bo Po mo

fo

de

te

ne

le

ge ke

he

ji q' xi

zt

zt

SI

zh,'

cht

shi

ct

zh'r chi

shi

wo men dou loi

ytn.

M
Here are some examples of different kinds of Chinese characters. Can you spot the difference between each line of characters?

a
"8,J.

J/\

f/-

.+
---&-p,

*f ffi/l
5

wLl

tr L
zoi
lion

+t'+ lF
? E- /;'t -r -7 )t )'

'

Fl

+ tl*t

+tf*tl

Lin ldoshi, Tongxuemen hdo:

Tongxuemen, Ldoshi hdor

l** lF , Fl + l14 F14

#/il , t++tF E LI

Lti: ;ooshi' Tongxuemen zoiliont

Tongxuemen, Lin ldoshi zoilion:

New worcls

iE+ tongxue (n.)

men

classmate

2.{i11
3.

(suf.)

suffix

Z,tfr ldoshi
zouton

4.Hn

(n.) (v.)

teacher
see

you; good-bye

Froper n{run

Ciassrcor$ Chinese
Xionzqi shong Xionzqi xiq

tfr @tfr)
Lin (ldoshi)
a surname

ke:

Let's begin class.

Class is over.

ket

Read, then practice with a partner

.f 'a,

'-.=

Ldosht hdol -i

Tl"
I

ongxuemen nao:

Zoutan: i _\"-***ts"

a-*==:*-=j= ?f

...'

lvltngtton Jront"

.Al

LHere a lbrm ofaddress used in speaking to a student. Suffix used to form a plural number when added to a personar pronoun or pronoun or noun is preceded by a numeral or an intensifier). O Here sir or madam.
@ See 1'ou tomorrow.

re

e o

noun

rei:r:.r:

On140ul.own:

Connect the following people with what they say.

Looshi hdo:
l6oshi Looshi zoi.lion: Tongxuemen hdo: Tong*uemen zoilronl Class actirit5,
1. Go arouniJ the ru-x..rn. Practice greeting classmates and then salin_e _eood-bye l. \fte a Chine se paper pinu heel.

tongxuemen

Phonetics
1. Listen to the tape, and then complete the following exercises.
(1) Write down the syllables (including the tones) you hear, and then read them out. (2) Answer the following questions: Who is talking? What are rhey talking about?

2. Thecombinations of the initials b, p, ffi, f and the finals o, o, e. Read the combinations in four tones.
G

ot

OO

cn bqn Pcn
mon

ong bong pong mong

oou
bo po
mo
Fo
POU

el

en

eng

b
P

bo
Pa

boi
pcr
mol

bco
Pco
moo

ber

ben pen
men

beng peng
meng

pei
me
met

mo

mou

lo

fon

fong

fou

fei

fen

feng

3. Listen to the tape, and then

choose the syllables you hear.

l--

lbol
r_:ri:____,\ i_! in^1

1 ir':

'bqtl

ri"
'
1---__ -

' ;ti
,i*--=_-1
i_
"

"l

ffi;-l L____J
:'-l--)

lli

'

iv

mOnO

I ronq {-_---_

i--7

, ^'--

, i

_-,

-"i,'r
Del
- *-,1
'l

lmet L,=_-*.

i..!

.,-.r

Ii:'.j iffi
l-^ '-l

imeni : benq ___-i r*__:J

Chinese characters
Can you spot the difference betr,veen each line of Chinese characters?

L
$w it J
t
io

i{l .':t

^+q+I

.E

i-

.t

AAa +aA
wo
vl

shr wonc
v

Jio ming

Wang Jictming comes to a biolog,r'c1rrss.frr'-st tinte.

aFl

, ii4,,1 =1
z'1

,.

4:-

< .+'-:' -. -2.- -

iiZ'n, llii:
,

c- ^c' L ^ looshi hoo:

Wo shr Wong Jioming.

Lin looshi,Ni hdo:

The teacher groups Wang Jiaming, Mary and Jack together to conduct an experintent and now they

get to knott' each otlter.

lF*tf , 4e-{_ tlm

4&_&,^,e.

, tktilj{t J4FF. ,tE, Ik].tl +

EA
I

Lin looshi, To shi Mdli,

Tq shi Ji6ke.
Jioming, Nimen hdo:

Mdli. Jieke, Ni hdo:

New words

(pron.) (pron.) 4 tlfll1 nimen (pron.)

E shi 2.1fu to 3.Ifu to

1.

(v.)

be(is/arn/are)
she he

you(plural)

Proper nouns

tqtW Mdli
Ji6ke

Classroom Chinese
Mary
Jack

Oing gen w6 shuo: Please say it after me.

^H
Read, then practice with a partnr.

Ni hoo: Wo shi Jack Tailor

Nimen hdo: W6 shi Jim George.

Nimen hdo: W6 shi Jane Brown.

11

On your own: Practice introducing two friends to each other.

Jack

Ni hdo,

to

shi

to

Ni hdo,

to

shi

=---,

to

Class.activity:-. are you? Who

Use a "fake" name to introduce yourself to your partner. See

if

he can guess who you are.

Phonetics
1. Listen to the tape. and then complete the following exercises. ( 1) \\ rite ,11r,,,, n ttle sr ltraL'le. inciu,Jine the tones.l you hear, and then read them out. (2) Ars$ er the r-ollo'','. ine questions: Hou' many people are talking?

who are they?

2'The combinations of tbe initials f,. 3, four tones.

30
b
P

n-1,

f and the finals i, u. Read the combinations in

lon
ln

ing

b
Pl

D3
mle

broo proo

bian
pron

bin
ptn
mtn

bing
ptng
mrng

bir pu
MU

mi

mloo

mtcn

f f2

fu

3. Listen to the tape, and then choose the syllables you hear.

@Erq@@
E@@@ E@@@
tre [q E @
[s-ggl5.P=:$o;:W=+'j{e

@ [q @ @ @@@@
Can you spot the difference between each line of Chinese characters?

Hrl

s4

, r\

-?ge

13

fi+ fi+
xte
xte

*tF,
&AIJ
: '

i+til+lk Z.5.
nr:

'1.

-ccs^l Xrexie
vJ

^^ I - !^

Bu keqi

+lF , |k"it+ AA +? fla[, ;\o4 -L+nA.

Ldoshi, Ni yioo shenme mingzi:
Jioming, Wo lroo Wong Jioming.

FAA,

+lf ft L"

*,)f

ftL.
'

Jioming

Ldoshi zoi.;ion.

Ldoshi, Zoilion.

t4

-fu w

New words

1.l1tr1t 2.Z^F<

xiexie
bu keqi
sh6nme
mingzi

(v.)
(pron.)

thank

You're welcome.
what
name

3.ttA 4.tr+

(n.)

Classroom Chinese
Oing kon heibdn:
Please look at the blackboard.

Read, then practice with a partner.

15

;G;TF

ffi

-?=i

On your

own:

Complete the following sentences.

Ni hdo, w6.1ioo Cathy. Ni lioo

=..:

Class

actidt!:

Ge

iiirr i['kr['u

ner,r Inends.

The students -"r,;lk ;:s*;-.1." ;:,_-,iinti the classroom. f rcri:- j:: :. ,: ttr know each other. ri hl,e ii:: ieacher
taps the table. _sradualir increasing the tempo until comins ro a sudden

stop. The two students closest to each other must be_ein to introduce
themselves. h6o,

w6 jioo

I6

hffiPhonetics
1. Listen to the tape, and then complete the following exercises. (1) Write dorvn the syllables (including the tones) you hear, and then read them out. (2) Answer this question: What are the persons in the two dialogues talkin_e about?
I )

+,

{ r

2. The combinations of the initials d, t, n, I and the finals in four tones.

. Read the combinations

t
n

t
n

t
n

t
n

t
n

t
n

t
n

t
ll

t
n

t
n:
n.. n

3. Listen to the tape, and then choose the

dd

s1-llables vou hear.

dao
too
loo

ir

nong

rd
t_

lo

i-;il
nong Long

\*----

long

L____:J

nen

d6ng

neng
t, reng

dong

t_

long

4. Read the phrases below and pay attention to tone sandhi.

\.^^/'I

%
| 'r-

fr!,W
I
! 1

iw,@
DU On
unease

bJ loi
not to come

bu d6ng
not to await

bu yoo
not to \\'ant

t7

Learn to write
1. General introduction to Chinese characters Chinese characters are a written language that transcribes spoken Chinese. Because they occupy a square shape' n'e call them "square-shaped characters". Each Chinese character is composed of ser-eral diflerent strokes, and the number of strokes varies greatly with each different character. The chinese character is one of the oldest writing systems in the world. During its 1on-s histon. the shape they'have taken has evolved continuously, but at the core it remains the same as u-hen it u as first invented.

2. The evolution of characters

ryI Jid gi

wen

# X'
jin wen

o:
ibE \/ ]EI -,\

uJ.

znou wen

+-

t-

t,tv :l]aL-v t-O IH IJ

kor

lv.

shu

xrdo zhuon

x i4 tqn ti l'..
@ I \\\
,r+

I
fr
xx

l
xx
@

"'
zi

lrdn ti

fff

t+f
zi

n
//AS

/\

> 6

,r+ w

*{(

fifi
@

tt.

t+
E

ffi

O Inscriptions on shells &

br.ner_

@ Inscriptions on ancienr bronze .rbje-.-s.

Ancient style of calli-eraphr. .-urrerr in the Zi.:u D,, i:..:, , l 1.. centun BC_256 BCl. @ An ancient style of calli-eraphl . adopted in ine e.: Di r;sir tbr the purpose of standardizin_u the Chinese script @ Regular script.
@ Traditional characters.

O Simptified characters.

3. Structure of Chinese characters

A 1.
F
4. Strokes of Chinese characters
Since the Chinese character is made up of different strokes, we'd like to introduce you son-l. of the basic strokes.
l)
'ti:

stroke pictures

l
::
t:
i.l

I
i

names

didn dot sffoke

heng horizontal line

shu

vertical line

stroke directions

-+

,+ .K J
examples

U]
5. Tell the names of the following strokes.

1il

19

N,,fil
to
men

{-

+u!
xue sheng mo

shi

At the school ort festit'ctl' rhe pi'iittinttl is ltresenting atvards after the gir!s'Jinishect their perfotrTance. Wcmg Jianting i.s ctskirtt Jti,- t -,," lio tltet. ore.

4nA

Jioming, Tomen shi xuesheng mo?

AN,
+nA
^*

A.{ii"i&-+L.
4e.R-Z

,&.+i&"

4, leTft+lF,

tf ,4?

Jieke Shi, tomen shi *uesheng. '

Jioming, To shi ldoshi mor

Jieke, Bu, tq bu shi ldoshi,

to

shi xroozhdng.

New words
1.

{U,fll tomen
xuesheng
mo

(pron.) (n.) (pt.) (n.)

they; them (female)

student

a +tl
3.Fq

particle word e
headmaster; principal
;

4.&K

xioozhdng

(university or college) president

i Classroom Chinese .i 'l: , , Oing dd kai shu: Please open your books. ;!
'lffi-"'l

Read, then practice with a partner.

loshr
Bu,

to bi

shi

xioozhdng mo?

xioozhdng, to shi ldoshi

ffi \M

Used at the end of a yes-no question.

On your own: Complete

the following sentences.

A: Tomen shi xuesheng mo?

B: Shi,

A: lo shi ldoshi mor

B: Shi,

lrv A: To snl xtoozhqng

mq?

A: Tqmen shi ldoshi mor

B: Bu,

B:

Shr.

Class

actirity:

Read

mr

mintJ.

Write down the names

tt a:e;cirer. a pnncrpal and a inend uhom e\.en,one is familiar with. Have a student choose one irLrrn ihe tiuee. t ithtrut tellins anyone else. Have the other students try to guess which one the sru,Jent has .-hosen.
the teacher's name the

principal':

name

the friend's name

A: "Shi ldoshi mq?",.Shr xroozhong mol" "shi .----t---.----.--mor (the friend's name),, B: "Shi, shi ,' ']: " Bu, bu

shi

22

Phonetics
1. Listen to the tape, and then complete the following exercises. (1) write down the sylrables (including the tones) you hear, and
then read them out.

(2) Answer the following questions: what is the girr asking about? How does the boy respond?

2' The combinations of the initials d, t,l, i and the finals

four tones.

,.

.Read the combinations in

d,,

d
L
L

d
l-

d
j-

t
n

t
n

t,
tt

ti

t
nr
t-l

t
I
",

t
'

t
n
I I

n.

n,i

li

3. Listen to the tape, and then

choose the syllables you hear.

di

nte

dioo

drng

t_

ti

lie

tioo

ting

nu

nil
ilu

nuon
t"

nrong

IJ

t-

luon

liong

3* ^

tg,

:,,,tt-

*t'**6p* *rt- *'i6*, Ne*.

Learn to write
1. Structure of Chinese characters
Can you spot the difterence benveen each line of Chinese characters?

L
!

JL
l.
stroke pictures

.& &

il n
v
heng gou
horizontal line and a hook

Strokes of Chinese characters

pte
names

no

left-falling
stroke

right-falling
stroke

stroke directions

b
eramples

->

tr

-:-\ ,
Tell the names of the following strokes.

t
6

4u,fil
to

.&_

men shi

s. fr1 nn Bw6 de peng you

volunteers
cLs

^"

,utd his classmates come to register themselves

for

the commLutir... t;,',,1 r:'. i'.

;li

i-r

' ,tlucing himself and his classmates to the staff member there.

th*t, *, o'l A n,. ,f&'fij Aa fiff|&,, 4w.'4 a+aA, +&,o,1 J4Fn. A{ilA + + L"

Ni hdo, w6 jioo Ji6ke. Tomen

de pengyou,

sh

,', a

to

.;ioo

Wong Jioming. to

,::

Mdli. W6men shi zhongxuesheng.

New words

l.Ifr,ll1

tomen
de

(pron.) they;them(male)

2.W

3.EE,f, pengyou 4.+kll1 w6men

5
i

) (n.)
(pt

particle word e friend

we; us

(pron.)

++&

zhongxuesheng

(n.)

high school student

Used after an attribute, such as when the attribute is a personal pronoun or a name, as in the tett.

Classroom Chinese
Oing zor shuo yi bion:
Please say

it again.

Read and match

t!-7

))J

::

'ft, 'lil
:o
men

4t, ,lil
to
men

F,\I* il&)S-- j.9

r

il

ffi
On your

own:

Complete the following sentences.

A: Tomen shi ni de pengyou mo? B:

Shr
reom

A: Tomen shi ni de tongxu6 mor

B: Shi.

A: Tomen shi ni de looshi mo: B: Shi,

A: Tomen shi nr de Pengyou mo?

B: Bu,

26

Class

activity: Introduction.

Divide the class into several groups, each including 5-6 students. First hare the srudents take rurns introducing each other to the rest of the group, then have them choose one representatir e to introduce that group to the whole class.

Can you sing it?

J\
zhdo

NA
Peng

L
you

tk

iL "t

IE lE f,
pengyou,

4R

a x- +\

#J

+? nn

&,

L!

'"oo yc zhdo yo zhao

I'm looking for a friend.

I'r'e found a good one.
Salute and shake hands.

:ioo doo yi ge hdo pengyou.

-.g
^

ge li yo wo w,o sh6u,

shl w'6 de h&o pengyou zotltcnl

lou

are m-r: gcod friend. Good-b1e.

P.hqneticq
1. Listen to the tape, and then complete the following exercises. (1) Write down the syllables (including the tones) you hear, and then read them out. (2) Answer the following questions: What's the teacher's surname? \\rhose friend is Mary? Are Tom and Emily college students?

2. Comtlinations of the initials and the finals.

(1) The combinations of the initials g, k, h, j, q, in four tones.
><

and the

finals

. Read the

combinations

o
k

^t gggg

g
k
I

g
k
h

g
k
h

kk<k

k
h
J J

hn^-.h
l q

q
X

9' ,
X:
.:

q
X

q
X

(2) The combinations of the initials g, k, h, in four tones.

J,

9, x and the final

. Read the

combinations

3. Listen to the tape, and then choose the syllables you hear.

gua
t-l <.1

" guo r-=__-i--'! i guon

it

kuc
h.lc

Kuo
l^,,^

t_

kuon huon

, J' a-----_lcr t___t____,

t._

Iun

jrG

liong
I

qun
xun

qro

a-t .l_J

ol"nn
xrong

28

Learn to write
1. Structure of Chinese characters

2. Strokes of Chinese characters

There are altogether 6 basic strokes in Chinese characters, but sometimes thev also ha.,,e variants. The following are some of the examples.

stroke pictures

shu gou
names

ri
rising stroke

heng zhe
horizontal line and then a turning

heng zhe gou

horizontal line and then a down turning with a hook

vertical line with a hook

stroke directions

I
vn

examples

tb t,\

rl (-/

trf

'fi j

#waw ffi#ffiffi&ffiw
FUNCTIONAI USAGg

tR if!

/s if
nin
hdo

ni

hdo
!

th .fit if
ni
men h6o

i++ i*1" xie xie

!

Z:.tr.1!
*tl
hdo

tong xue men

14

.tr.l
!

bi ke

qr

ldo shl

tF +f
hdo

tkr{+lAA+? ni me ming
1oo shen

+e,

ta shi xue sheng mo

zt

4_,4?

GRA,ilMAR FOCUS
Sentence pattern Example

r. Ik *t
ni
hdo

tk
... ...

,il tk ,fn fil ni hdo ni

men hdo

2.

t\ w6

nr.f

iioo

r{ d. jioo
w6 w6
lioo

Jack.

d. n{ E
3. w6

+ nA" wdng
3io
ming

ti. ......
shi

w6 shi xu6 sheng

s.A+
+L ta

L"
"

+ ,)f w6 shi ldo

S.
4.
sht

ft""""4?
shi
mo

*- f xue L,4? + shi 4e- E_ ii & "47 tA shi

zhong

sheng

mq

xioo zhdng mo

s.

4 {_...... b,i
shi

*e
to tq

ta bi shi xue sheng

men

4A+

L"
xue
sheng

+v,,n

4k + + L" b[
shi zhong

4e .til

r\. R_ 4t- *

men shi

nfl L" A S. h1 p6ng you w6 de

tu1 L" w6 shi lin 16o shl de xu6 sheng

'f

STROKES OF CHINSSS CHARACTgRS

stroke directions

stroke pictures

nomes
didn dot stroke heng horizontai line
shu

examples

'4F:L+

Hrl

L*"

verlical line pte

a {it

/ \

left-falling stroke

+ir
+*t
tk d.

no\ ri-sht-falling :troke

l-reng gor.l

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horizontal line and

hook

s^u cou
r emical

line and a hook

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ti
rising stroke heng zhe horizontal line and then a rurning heng zhe gou horizontal line and then a oo* n turning with a hook

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