1. INSTRUMENTATION- A collection of instruments or their application for the purpose of observation, measurement or control. 2.

PROCESS CONTROL -is a technique of balancing supply and demand over a period of time by maintaining or regulating a variable at a desired value called set point. 3. CONTROL LOOP- is usually an instrument or a group of instruments that are designed, installed and calibrated to control a process at a desired set points. 4. CONTROL LOOP contains a. Sensor- senses the process variable b. Process to be controlled (temperature, level, pressure or flow) c. Controller d. Set points 5. CONTROLLER- A device having an output that changes to regulate a controlled variable in a specific manner. 6. CONTROL SYSTEM- A system in which deliberate guidance or manipulation is used to achieve a prescribed values of variable. 7. SETPOINT- the desired value where the process should be maintained. 8. CONTROL LOOP- any process whereby an instrument measure a factor (e.g. solution temperature) and those data are manipulated by a control device, which sends corrective data to a final control element to appropriately adjust the factor ; the process automatically repeats. 9. SIGNAL information in the form of pneumatic pressure, an electric current or mechanical position that carries information from one control loop component to another. 10. FINAL CONTROL ELEMENT- component of a control system( e.g. a valve) that directly regulates the flow of energy or material to a process. 11. PROCESS- any function or operation used in the treatment of a material. 12. PROCESS VARIABLE- any variable property of a process that changes and therefore needs to be control.
13. Two General Types of Control Loop Open Loop Output is independent to the input. No feedback. Display or record what is happening with the process, but it causes no corrective action to be taken to regulate the process. Closed Loop Output is now dependent on the error which is the difference between the system input and its setpoint Provides a form of feedback to the process under control. A process is measured, it is compared with a set point and final element is adjusted accordingly. 14. MANUAL METHOD- a type of control implementation where the process variable is controlled either by the operator only or by using a controller on a manual mode

15. AUTOMATIC METHOD - a type of control implementation where the process variable is controlled by a controller on automatic mode. 16. RESISTANCE- is the response characteristics of the system that delays a change in the process variable when load change is sense 17. WHAT DOES CONTROL SYSTEM DO. A. Measures the process variable B. Compares the variable with the set point C. Calculates the correction signal D. Generates the output signal E. Changes a manipulated variable to influence the PV to return to the set point 18. WHY IS CONTROL NECESSARY A. To maintain the PV at the set point when process disturbances occur

B. To respond to changes in the set point 19. HOW IS THIS CONTROL DONE? a. Automatically, using instrumentation that performs the necessary calculations in a control strategy without requiring, but allowing, human intervention. 20. AUTOMATIC PROCESS CONTROL-A technique of balancing supply & demand over a period of time, by maintaining or regulating a variable at a desired value called set point. 21. REGULATING OR SELF-REGULATING PROCESS - A process where the output variables tend to stabilize after the input variables have reached a constant value. 22. NON-REGULATING PROCESS - A process where the output variables do not tend to steady state after the input variables have reached a constant value. 23. SENSOR- part of a loop or instrument that fiablerst senses the value of a process variable 24. Five Elements of Control System A. sensor-provide a method to measure a process B. signaling device- send the represented process medium as pneumatic or electrical representation of the process controller C. controller performs the brain or calculated response function to signals it receives and then initiates a response to control the process. D. converter- used when it necessary the convert the present form of signal to a more readily usable form( ex. An I/P converter perform the function of converting an electric current (I) to a pneumatic pressure(P) E. final control element - used to adjust the process to a point at which the process is determined to be under control. 25. CONTROL VALVE refers to the valve device that controls such as fluid flows and temperature by fully or partially closing or opening.