Penilaian Formasi Lanjutan

Permeable Zone Logs

Spontaneous Potential (SP) Log
R. Widijanto September 29, 2006

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Agenda

Permeable Zone Logs Basic Principle of Spontaneous Potential (SP) Log

1. Spontaneous Potential (SP) Log 2. SP Curve

Interpretation of Spontaneous Potential (SP) Log

1. Computation Rw From SP

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Permeable Zone Logs

1. Permeable Zones
Sands Carbonate

2.

Log used:
Spontaneous Potential (SP) Log (electrical measurement) Gamma ray (GR) Logs (nuclear measurement)

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Basic Principle of Spontaneous Potential (SP) Log

1. Spontaneous Potential (SP) Log
SP Log is recording of the different in electrical potential between a fixed electrode at the surface and a movable electrode in the borehole Hole must be filled with conductive mud No SP can be measured in
Oil-based mud Empty holes Cased holes

Scale in millivolts

2.

SP curve is used to:

1. Select permeable zones 2. Provide Rw values 3. Estimate the degree of shalines of reservoir rock

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Spontaneous Potential Curve

Limited to water-based mud systems.

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SP Measurement
N

The SP is measurement against depth of the potential difference between the voltage in the wellbore and an electrode at the surface

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SP Current Flow
The strength and direction of the current loop is dependent on the relative resistivities of the formation and the filtrate

millvolts

SP

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Ek = Electrokinetic Ej = Liquid Junction Em= Membrane

Salinity effects on the SP

The primary SP response is due to the relative salinities between the mud filtrate and the formation fluids

Reverse SP

Rw > Rmf

Normal SP

Rw < Rmf

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Effect of bed thickness and resistivity on curve shape

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Shape of SP
Shape and amplitude controlled by:
relative resistivity of fluids resistivity of the formation (hydrocarbons, porosity) permeability bed thickness clay type and content

hydrocarbon suppression

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tight streak

Interpretation of Spontaneous Potential (SP) Log

1. 2. Total Potential, SSP Calculate Rw
1. Equations 2. Charts

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Resources

The Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts: www.spwla.org Society of Petroleum Engineers: www.spe.org Formation Evaluation: http://www.spe.org/spe/jsp/basic/0,,1104_1714_1 003934,00.html Schlumberger Interpretation Chart: www.slb.com or http://content.slb.com/Hub/Docs/connect/referenc e/Chartbook/

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Question?

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