PHYS 201 P1 TH 7:30 AM 10:30 AM Baliton, John reve march 8, 2012 Engr.

Bryan Obeso

Experiment # 6 : Kinetic and Static Friction Objectives: To study frictional forces and to measure the coefficient of kinetic friction and coefficient of static friction for various surfaces.

the Apparatus:

force, motion Figure:

Linear track apparatus, friction pans (plastic, felt and cork), set of masses, sensor, angle indicator, USB Link, PC unit

Data and Results: Measurement of Static and Kinetic Friction Type of surfaces felt against aluminum cork against aluminum acrylic against aluminum Computations: Formulas: FN = m1g 3 Ff = FN 3 s = fs fN k = fk fN = m2g m1g = m2g m1g average k = summation of k average s = summation of s Trial 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 Weight of Added Pan (N) Weight (N) 0.08 0.98 0.08 1.96 0.08 2.94 0.09 0.98 0.09 1.96 0.09 2.94 0.09 0.98 0.09 1.96 0.09 2.94 fs (N) 0.88 0.12 1.72 1.72 2.26 2.75 0.59 1.13 1.47 s 0.49 0.42 0.46 0.92 0.79 0.72 0.31 0.4 0.38 ave s 0.46 0.81 0.36 fk (N) 0.54 0.88 1.12 1.28 2.05 2.55 2.94 0.78 1.77 k 0.3 0.32 0.3 0.68 0.72 0.66 0.21 0.27 0.31 ave k 0.31 0.69 0.26

where: m1g = pan + load m2g = weight hanger + load friction FN = normal force fs = static frictional force k = coefficient of kinetic friction fk = kinetic frictional force Ff = frictional force s = coefficient of static

Measurement of Static and Kinetic Friction

Felt against Aluminum Trial 1 FN = ( 0.084 kg + 0.1 kg ) x 9.81 m/s 9.81 m/s = 1.81 N fs = 0.09 kg x 9.81 m/s m/s = 0.88 N 1.18 N fk = 0.055 kg x 9.81 m/s m/s = 0.54 N s = 2.79 N = 0.49 k = 0.54 N 1.81 N 2.79 N = 0.30 Trial 3 FN = ( 0.084 kg + 0.3 kg ) x 9.81 m/s 0.46 = 3.77 N 3 = 0.46 fs = 0.175 kg x 9.81 m/s = 1.72 N k = 0.30 + 0.32 + 0.30 3 fk = 0.115 kg x 9.81 m/s 0.31 = 1.13 N s = 1.72 N average s = 0.49 + 0.42 + = 0.32 = 0.42 k = 0.88 N 0.88 N 1.81 N = 0.88 N s = 1.18 N fk = 0.09 kg x 9.81 = = 2.79 N fs = 0.12 kg x 9.81 Trial 2 FN = ( 0.084 kg + 0.2 kg ) x

average

3.77 N = 0.46 k = 1.13 N 3.77 N = 0.30

Cork against Aluminum Trial 1 FN = ( 0.091 kg + 0.1 kg ) x 9.81 m/s 9.81 m/s = 1.87 N fs = 0.175 kg x 9.81 m/s 9.81 m/s = 1.72 N 2.26 N fk = 0.130 kg x 9.81 m/s m/s = 1.28 N s = 2.85 N = 0.92 k = 1.28 N 1.87 N 2.85 N = 0.68 Trial 3 FN = ( 0.091 kg + 0.3 kg ) x 9.81 m/s 0.72 = 3.84 N 3 = 0.81 average s = 0.92 + 0.79 + = 0.72 = 0.79 k = 2.06 N 1.72 N 1.87 N = 2.06 N s = 2.26 N fk = 0.210 kg x 9.81 = = 2.85 N fs = 0.230 kg x Trial 2 FN = ( 0.091 kg + 0.2 kg ) x

fs = 0.280 kg x 9.81 m/s = 2.75 N k = 0.68 + 0.72 + 0.66 3 fk = 0.26 kg x 9.81 m/s 0.69 = 2.55 N s = 2.75 N 3.84 N = 0.72

average

k = 2.55 N 3.84 N = 0.66

Acrylic against Aluminum Trial 1 FN = ( 0.092 kg + 0.1 kg ) x 9.81 m/s 9.81 m/s = 1.88 N fs = 0.06 kg x 9.81 m/s 9.81 m/s = 0.59 N 1.13 N fk = 0.04 kg x 9.81 m/s m/s = 0.39 N s = 2.86 N = 0.31 k = 0.39 N 1.88 N 2.86 N = 0.21 = 0.27 = 0.40 k = 0.78 N 0.59 N 1.88 N = 0.78 N s = 1.13 N fk = 0.08 kg x 9.81 = = 2.86 N fs = 0.115 kg x Trial 2 FN = ( 0.092 kg + 0.2 kg ) x

Trial 3 FN = ( 0.092 kg + 0.3 kg ) x 9.81 m/s 0.38 = 3.85 N 3 = 0.36 fs = 0.150 kg x 9.81 m/s = 1.47 N k = 0.21 + 0.27 + 0.31 3 fk = 0.120 kg x 9.81 m/s 0.26 = 1.18 N s = 1.47 N 3.85 N = 0.38 average s = 0.31 + 0.40 +

average

k = 1.18 N 3.85 N = 0.31

Data Analysis Based on the data gathered in the experiment, how does frictional force vary with normal force? Do these values agree with the theory on friction? Explain. The data gathered about the normal force vary with the frictional force. So these values agree with theory on friction because the normal force is defined as the net force compressing two parallel surfaces together; and its direction is perpendicular to the surfaces. In the simple case of a mass resting on a horizontal surface, the only component of the normal force is the force due to gravity. In this case, the magnitude of the friction force is the product of the mass of the object, the acceleration due to gravity, and the coefficient of friction Which between static and kinetic friction is greater? Support your answer.

Between the two static friction is greater compared to kinetic friction because static friction is the force of friction that exists between two solid surfaces that are non-moving. It is the opposing force between two static surfaces that is so strong, that it eliminates any possibility of motion. Due to static friction, there is no slipping and therefore no motion between two solid surfaces while kinetic friction is the force of friction between two moving solid surfaces in contact with each other. Is friction dependent on the type of surface in contact? Explain. Yes. Friction is dependent on the type of surface in contact because the surface on contact will determine the amount friction acting upon an object. The rougher the surface the greater the friction while as the surface is slippery the lesser the frictional force. For each friction pan, compare the values of the coefficients of static and kinetic friction. Can you explain the difference? In each friction pan, the coefficients of static and kinetic friction differs. The coefficients of static friction were bigger than the coefficients of the kinetic friction. Since, the level of friction that different materials exhibit differs.