Mech. Power Eng.

Dept

1- What are the conditions for the ignition of a fuel gas to occur?

2- Define the lower and higher flammability limits and what are the factors affecting
the limits.

3- What are the different types of flames and what is the main factor affecting
speed?

4- Discuss which flame of th
- Port injection gasoline engine
- Diesel engines
- Flame from a surface of a gasoline
- Fire in a building
- Bunsen burner
- Candle

5- What are the reasons
quenching distance.

6- Employ correlation of Metghalchi and Keck to compare laminar flame speed
gasoline-air mixtures with
a. At reference conditions of T = 298 K and P = 1 atm
b. At conditions typical of a spark ignition engine operating at T = 685 K and P =
18.38 atm
c. At same conditions as (b
recirculation
7- A laminar premixed
mm nozzle. The Propane
through a pressure regulator
connecting pipe. What should
assume the temperature of th
connecting pipe and the flame
flame velocity is 44 cm/s

Mech. Power Eng. Dept.
Tutorial Sheet
Combustion Fundamentals
Third year mechanical Power, 2011
What are the conditions for the ignition of a fuel gas to occur?
Define the lower and higher flammability limits and what are the factors affecting
What are the different types of flames and what is the main factor affecting
Discuss which flame of the following is considered premixed or diffusion.
asoline engines
Flame from a surface of a gasoline tank
Fire in a building

What are the reasons of flame quenching and what are the factors affecting
quenching distance.
Employ correlation of Metghalchi and Keck to compare laminar flame speed
air mixtures with = 0.8 for 3 cases:
At reference conditions of T = 298 K and P = 1 atm
At conditions typical of a spark ignition engine operating at T = 685 K and P =

At same conditions as (b) but with 15 percent (by mass) exhaust gas
recirculation
premixed flame is required to be formed using Propane as a fuel
Propane gas is supplied from a 200 bar pressure bottle
a pressure regulator. The bottle is connected to the nozzle by a 2 inches
What should be the regulator pressure in mm H
2
O.
the temperature of the gas remains constant at 300 K through the
and the flame half cone angle is 20 degree. The propane laminar
flame velocity is 44 cm/s
Combustion Fundamentals
Third year mechanical Power, 2011
Define the lower and higher flammability limits and what are the factors affecting
What are the different types of flames and what is the main factor affecting their
diffusion.
hat are the factors affecting flame
Employ correlation of Metghalchi and Keck to compare laminar flame speed of
At conditions typical of a spark ignition engine operating at T = 685 K and P =
) but with 15 percent (by mass) exhaust gas
as a fuel from a 3
from a 200 bar pressure bottle of 200 litres
The bottle is connected to the nozzle by a 2 inches
You may
through the
The propane laminar

8- A full propane cylinder from a stove leaks contents of 1.02 lb (0.464 kg) into a 12 x
14 x 8 (3.66 m x 4.27 m x 2.44 m) room at 20 C and 1 atm. After a long time, the
fuel gas and the room air are well mixed. Is mixture in room flammable?

9- A premixed propane-air mixture emerges from a round nozzle with a uniform
velocity of 75 cm/s. The laminar flame speed of propane-air mixture is 35 cm/s. The
flame is lit at the nozzle exit. What is the cone angle of this flame?

10- A methanol-air combustible mixture forms a combustible laminar premixed flame.
The air supply orifice diameter is adjusted to provide a stoichiometric mixture. What
happen if the air orifice diameter has been reduced to 80% and 40% of its original
diameter. What will you notice on the flame? ( Assume the methanol is supplied
through a pressure regulator that keeps a constant flow of methanol through the
burner nozzle)

11- A stoichiometric methane air flame has a laminar burning velocity of 0.33 m/s and a
temperature of 2200K. The reactants are initially at 300 K and 1 bar. Find the
velocity of the combustion products relative to the flame front and the pressure
change across the flame. Assume complete combustion and no dissociation.

12- A premixed laminar flame is stabilized in a one dimensional gas flow where the
vertical velocity of the unburned mixture varies linearly with the horizontal distance
according to the following equation:
Vu=0.8+0.02x [m/s], for 0 < x < 20 mm
Determine the flame shape and the distribution of the local angle of the flame
surface from the vertical. Assume flame speed is independent of position and equal
to 0.4 m/s.
13- Estimate the laminar flame speed of a stoichiometric propane-air mixture using the
simplified-theory. Use the global one step reaction mechanism to estimate the
mean reaction rate as follows:


14- The laminar burning velocity of a stoichiometric mixture of propane-air at 1 bar and
298 K is 0.4 m/s. Estimate the average reaction rate and the reaction zone
thickness. Consider the thermal conductivity of the mixture is 0.026 W/mK at 298 K
and increases at T
0.5
. Assume an appropriate average mixture temperature and
ignition temperature. Calculate also the flame quench distance.


Simplified laminar flame model


Metghalchi and Keck Correlation
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Formulae Sheet and Useful Data

Simplified laminar flame model
Correlation
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