Statics On Int Erg Ration

POCKET FACTS 2010
Statistics on integration
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Pocket Facts 2010 Integration Statistics
For further information about the statistics please contact: Ministry of Employment, Sweden Monir Dastserri, tel. +46 8-405 15 88 monir.dastserri@employment.ministry.se
Pocket Facts 2010 - Integration Statistics Ministry of Employment, Sweden, 2011 ISBN 978-91-633-8060-0 Ministry of Employment, Sweden Mster Samuelsgatan 70 SE-103 33 Stockholm Printed by: Davidsons tryckeri AB, Vxj 2010 (Trn: A11.003)
Contents
Introduction ....................................................4 Swedish integration policy ..............................4 Concepts and terms ........................................7 Demography................................................11 Education......................................................28 The labour market .........................................53 Income ..........................................................87 Housing.........................................................90 Participation and election turn-out................94 Health .........................................................100 Sources .......................................................107
Introduction
Integration is a mutual process in that every member of society is involved and shares responsibility regardless of their background. In a society of ethnic and cultural diversity, people should complement each other and contribute their skills and life experience so that the potential inherent in diversity can be released and utilised. Segregation, voluntary or enforced, is just as undesirable as enforced assimilation.
Swedish integration policy

Integration policy objectives The overarching aim of the Swedish Governments integration policy is: Equal rights, obligations and opportunities for all, regardless of ethnic or cultural background. Integration policy organisation on the national level The current direction of integration policy was adopted by the Swedish Parliament, the Riksdag, in 1997. The aim is equal rights, obligations and opportunities for all, regardless of ethnic or cultural background. As from 1 January 2011, the Ministry of Employment is responsible for coordinating integration policy. The Ministry also bears the responsibility for certain other integration issues such as helping newly arrived
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migrants establish themselves on the labour market and in social life, Swedish citizenship and antidiscrimination measures. As from 1 December 2010, the Swedish Public Employment Service is responsible for coordinating introduction activities for certain newly arrived migrants. The Governments policy The Governments work on integration during 20082010 is based on seven strategically important areas: an efficient system for the reception and introduction of new arrivals. more migrants in work and more migrant entrepreneurs better results and greater equality in schools better language skills and more adult education opportunities effective anti-discrimination measures positive development in urban areas with widespread social exclusion common basic values in a society characterised by increasing diversity
Based on these areas, the Government has implemented a number of concrete measures to improve the prerequisites for integration. The most comprehensive measure is the reform to speed up the introduction of newly arrived immigrants into working and social life that entered into force on 1 December 2010. One of the consequences of the reform is that the Swedish Public
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Employment Service has now taken over the coordinating responsibility for introduction activities from the municipalities. The current state and development of integration is mainly monitored by the relevant central agencies. Statistics Sweden also has the task of presenting integration statistics on a regular basis. Integration statistics Integration affects all areas of society. In order to be able to monitor and analyse social development from an integration perspective, published statistics should be broken down into foreign-born and native-born groups or according to background, i.e. by people with a Swedish or a foreign background. Such statistics are essential in order to discover, highlight and combat obstacles to integration such as discrimination. They also function as a tool for monitoring and planning so that integration policy objectives can be achieved. The statistics should also be broken down by gender. The tables and diagrams in this book have been genderdisaggregated as much as possible. Our intention with Pocket Facts - Integration Statistics is to give a picture of the state and development of integration in Sweden.
Concepts and terms

Foreign-born: A person who is registered as resident in Sweden but who is born in another country. A person with a foreign background: A person born in another country or in Sweden with two foreign-born parents. A person with a Swedish background: A person born in Sweden with one or two native-born parents. Migrant: A person who has moved from one country to another to live there for a longer period of time. In Sweden, this means they have been registered as resident here for at least 12 months. Refugee: According to the UN Refugee Convention, a person who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, nationality, membership of a particular social group, religious or political opinion is outside the country of his nationality. Sweden and about 100 other countries have ratified the Convention. This means that Sweden has pledged to grant asylum to people in need of protection. Period of residence: The total time a person has been registered as resident in Sweden. The latest migration year is counted as zero when calculating the total period of residence.
Grounds for residence: To be allowed to live in Sweden, a non-EU/EEA citizen must have a residence permit. Those who have been granted a residence permit are divided into categories based on their grounds for residence as follows: Refugee or equivalent Family ties Work Education
Labour Force Surveys (LFS): Statistics Sweden has been conducting Labour Force Surveys (LFS) since the beginning of the 1960s. These form the basis of Swedens official employment and unemployment statistics. The working population (15-74 years old) is divided into categories based on labour market status. In the labour force: People who are able and want to work and who have sought or are seeking work, i.e. people who are available for work. Not in the labour force: People who are neither employed nor unemployed, i.e. people who are not available for work. Employment: People who have done at least one hours work during the survey reference week or who were temporarily absent from work at that time. This includes both employees and self-employed persons.
People out of work: People who are not in work but are seeking work and have been able to work. According to international definitions, full-time students who have sought work are included in the people out of work category and therefore also in the workforce. Sickness or activity allowance: This concept replaces the earlier concepts of disability pension and sickness benefit. If a persons capacity to work has been reduced by at least 25%, people aged 19-29 are entitled to activity allowance and people aged 30-64 to sickness allowance. Disposable income: Total taxable and tax-free income minus tax and other negative transfers. Combined income: Consists of income from employment and income from business activities. EU 27: All EU Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom (UK). The EEA Agreement: EEA stands for European Economic Area and covers the 27 EU Member States plus the three EFTA countries of Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein. The EEA is a free-trade area and the closest cooperation the EU has with other countries.
Former Yugoslavia: People born in one of the countries making up the former Republic of Yugoslavia and have not changed their country of birth on the population register. STATIV: A Swedish longitudinal population database. This database contains data on all individuals registered as resident in Sweden on 31 December 1997 and up to 2009. STATIV can provide background information for describing and analysing integration, segregation, equality and migration. There is also some data on each individuals parents. The database is updated and republished every year in the spring.
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Demography
How have migration and the number of foreign-born varied in Sweden over the last hundred years?
Foreign-born, 1900-2009 (in 1000s)
1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Source: Statistics Sweden
Migration to Sweden 19002009 (in 1000s)

1 20 1 00 80 60 40 20 0 1 900 1 0 91 1 920 1 930 1 940 1 950 1 960 1 970 1 980 1 990 2000 201 0
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At the beginning of the 1900s, Sweden had a population of 5.1 million. Just under 36 000 were born in another country. In 2004, Swedens population passed the 9 million mark and 1.1 million of these were foreign-born. Seen over the whole period (1900-2009) the number of foreign-born has gone from less than one percent to about 14 percent, or 1.3 million. Migration began in earnest during the Second World War when a large number of refugees from the Nordic and Baltic countries were resident in Sweden. The country experienced high economic growth during the 1950s and 1960s and many extra workers were needed. Migration from the Nordic countries reached a peak in 1969-70 when it exceeded 40 000 people, mainly as a result of high unemployment in Finland. In 1967, Sweden introduced new migration rules making it more difficult for non-Nordic labour migrants to settle in Sweden. Ever since the influx of workers from non-Nordic countries virtually came to an end in the mid-1970s, migration has been mostly made up of refugees and their close families from non-European countries. Sweden has received migrants from many of the worlds trouble spots, including Chile, Iran, Iraq, Somalia and former Yugoslavia.
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How has migration both into and out of the country affected the size of the population?
Migration into and out of Sweden 1960-2009 and forecast for 2010-2060 Number
140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 1960 Migration out Migration in Forecast
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
Births and deaths 1960-2009 and forecast for 2010-2060 Number

140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 1960 Deaths Births Forecast
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
13
Immigration and birth surplus 1980-2009 Number in 1000s

70 Immigration surplus 50 Birth surplus
30
10
-10 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Change in Swedens population during one year is calculated thus: births - deaths + immigrants - emigrants, i.e.: birth surplus + immigration surplus, (both the birth surplus and immigration surplus can be negative figures). The immigration surplus has by and large exceeded the birth surplus for each of the last twenty years. Since 1980, the Swedish population has increased by just over 1 022 745. At the end of the 1990s, the birth surplus was negative but the population still rose as a result of the immigration surplus.
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Swedish population 2000-2009 and forecast for 2010-2060 broken down into native and foreign-born Number
12000000 Forecast 10000000 Foreign-born 8000000 Native-born
6000000
4000000
2000000
0 2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
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How many people have been granted residence in Sweden in recent years and on what grounds?
Number
1 000 00 90 000 80 000 70 000 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 1 000 0 0 1 999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Wo rk 2006 2007 Study 2008 2009
Refugee o r equiv
Clo se family/A do pted child
EEA - agreement
Source: Swedish Migration Board
Migrants from countries outside the EU/EEA must have a residence permit in Sweden and when applying for one must state why they wish to settle here, their grounds for residence. EU/EEA citizens who work, study or are close family have the right to reside in Sweden but must register with the Swedish Migration Board no later than three months after their arrival. Nordic citizens may live in Sweden without a permit and without registering. The number of refugees increased dramatically from about 8 000 in 2005 to about 20 600 in 2006. This increase was due to the temporary asylum act in force between November 2005 and May 2006. Labour immigration has risen sharply over the last
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three years from about 6 000 in 2006 to about 21 000 in 2009. The most common grounds for residence for both men and women are because they already have close family living here. There is a major difference between men and women when it comes to immigration for work or study.
Grounds for residence 2009 for migrants from countries outside the EEA, women
S t udy 9% Wo rk 6%
R e f uge e or e quiv a le nt 17 %
F a m ily t ie s 68%
Grounds for residence 2009 for migrants from countries outside the EEA, men
S t udy 18 % Wo rk 15 %
R e f uge e or e quiv a le nt 19 %
F a m ily t ie s 48%
Source: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden
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How many asylum-seeking unaccompanied children have been given permission to stay in Sweden?
Number of residence permits granted to unaccompanied children and young people and their close family 2007-2009 Number
2009 2008 2007 140 281 387 1060 793 869
Connection to unaccompanied children Granted residence permits to unaccompanied children
Source: Swedish Migration Board
The majority of young people seeking asylum in Sweden say that they are between 15 and 17 years old and most of them are boys. Over the last three years (2007-2009), a total of 2 722 unaccompanied children and young people have been granted permanent residence. During the same period, 808 persons (parents and siblings) have been granted residence on the grounds of their connection to an unaccompanied child.
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Which continents do migrants to Sweden come from?

Number of people migrating to Sweden 1999-2009, by region of birth
1 000 00
80 000
60 000
40 000
20 000
0 1 999 2000 2001 Sweden EU27 N A merica/Oceania A sia 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
No rdic regio n Rest o f Euro pe S A merica A frica
The number of non-European migrants has increased dramatically in recent years. A substantial proportion of them have arrived from Asia and Africa. Migrants from Nordic countries dominated for most of the 20th century. This trend was broken at the beginning of the 1990s, however, when migrants from Asia outnumbered those coming from other Nordic countries. In 2009, the
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percentage of people migrating to Sweden from Asia and Africa was 31 and 14 percent respectively.
Immigration by country of birth, Number of migrants 2004-2009
Country of birth
Sweden Iraq Somalia Poland China Thailand Denmark Iran Germany Finland Turkey Norway Romania India Pakistan UK USA Afghanistan Eritrea
2004
11467 3126 1159 2552 1563 2175 3203 1610 2010 2716 1314 2573 395 887 529 1229 1174 851 264
2005
11066 3094 1355 3525 1749 2205 3494 1365 2147 2793 1316 2425 415 1131 730 1146 1118 577 554
2006
12821 11146 3008 6442 2035 2571 4365 2274 3100 2553 1758 2477 422 1108 1011 1601 1223 1592 669
2007
12340 15642 3941 7617 2485 2695 4319 1795 3745 2494 1681 2371 2632 1204 1346 1578 1233 816 725
2008
13388 13083 4218 7091 2925 3235 3371 2169 3492 2390 1697 2239 2595 1629 1608 1763 1526 971 1014
2009
13985 9543 7021 5261 3462 3165 3010 2976 2845 2385 2213 1917 1876 1854 1850 1622 1541 1384 1197
Breaking the figures down into individual countries, the largest migrant group almost every year is made up of Swedish-born returning to their homeland. The secondlargest group is from Iraq followed by Somalia.
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Population by age, gender and region of birth, 2009

Native-bo rn No rdic regio n
Wo men 4 002 1 29
1 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1 0 0
M en 4 000 588
Wo men 1 471 50
M en
1 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1 0 0
1 6 048 1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
87 65 432 10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Europe
Outside Europe
Women 240 279
1 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1 0 0
Men 236 093
Women 298 789
Men
1 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1 0 0
296 285
876543210
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
8 7 6 5 43 2 1 0
012345678
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What percentage of the population have a foreign background?

Percentage of women in the population in 2009, by background
F o re ignbo rn 15 %
N a t iv e - bo rn wit h 2 f o re ignbo rn pa re nt s 4%
S we dis h ba c k gro und 8 1%
Number and percentage of women 2005-2009, by background

2005 Total Foreign background of whom Foreignborn Swedish background Number Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 2006 2007 2008 2009
4560820 759254
16.6
4589464 789464
17.2
4619026 820643
17.8
4652653 854923
18.4
4691668 891693
19.0
586939
12.9
610512
13.3
634765
13.7
661514
14.2
689539
14.7
3801566
83.4
3800000
82.8
3798383
82.2
3797730
81.6
3799975
81.0
22
Percentage of men in the population in 2009 by background

F o re ignbo rn 14 % N a t iv e - bo rn wit h 2 f o re ignbo rn pa re nt s 5%
S we dis h ba c k gro und 8 1%
Number and percentage of men 2005-2009, by background

2005 Total Foreign background Of whom Foreign born Swedish background Number Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 4486033 719657 16.0 538024 12.0 3766376 84.0 2006 4523161 752870 16.6 564096 12.5 3770291 83.4 2007 4563939 789059 17.3 593043 13.0 3774880 82.7 2008 4603708 824112 17.9 620081 13.5 3779596 82.1 2009 4649014 861634 18.5 648426 13.9 3787380 81.5
23
Which group of migrants has lived the longest in Sweden?

Percentage of people with different periods of residence in Sweden by region of birth, 2009
A frica A sia S A merica N A merica and Oceania Rest o f Euro pe EU 27 No rdic 0 1 0 20 0-4 yrs 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 00
5-9 yrs
1 9 yrs 0-1
20+ yrs
The period of residence in Sweden varies between different regions of birth. Nearly 40 and 30 percent of people born in Africa and Asia respectively have been resident in Sweden for less than five years. Those who have lived the longest in Sweden are those born in the Nordic region and South America.
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What are the 20 largest groups of foreign-born in the Swedish population?

Foreign-born in Sweden in 2009, by country of birth The 20 largest groups
Finland Iraq Fo rmer Yugo slavia P o land Iran B o snia-Herzego vina Germany Denmark No rway Turkey So malia Thailand Chile Lebanon China UK Syria Ro mania USA India 0 25 50 75 women 1 00 men 1 25 1 50 1 75 200
1000s
25
Which municipalities in Sweden have the highest and lowest proportion of foreign-born ?
Municipalities in Sweden with the highest proportions of foreignborn, 2009
Population Number Haparanda Botkyrka Sdertlje Malm Burlv Huddinge Sundbyberg Solna Landskrona vertorne Eda Upplands Vsby Sigtuna Jrflla Gteborg Stockholm Haninge Upplands-Bro Strmstad Eskilstuna 10 112 81 195 85 270 293 909 16 509 95 798 37 722 66 909 41 226 4 920 8 577 38 641 39 219 65 295 507 330 829 417 76 237 23 202 11 690 95 577 Foreign-born Number 3 997 29 625 26 182 87 554 4 363 24 034 9 419 16 160 9 944 1 166 2 007 8 764 8 884 14 633 111 324 181 090 16 152 4 743 2 297 18 458 Percent of population 39.5 36.5 30.7 29.8 26.4 25.1 25.0 24.2 24.1 23.7 23.4 22.7 22.7 22.4 21.9 21.8 21.2 20.4 19.6 19.3
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Municipalities in Sweden with the lowest proportions of foreignborn, 2009

Population Number Ovanker Lekeberg cker Pite Vansbro Berg Storuman Vilhelmina Gotland tvidaberg Rttvik Vnns Krokom Arvidsjaur Nordmaling Mrbylnga Karlsborg Boxholm Sderkping Robertsfors 11 530 7 123 12 292 40 860 6 876 7 447 6 227 7 156 57 221 11 498 10 797 8 357 14 460 6 622 7 205 13 834 6 784 5 248 14 042 6 880 Foreign-born Number 430 282 519 1 710 299 323 268 314 2 634 536 503 401 715 326 353 671 342 261 696 353 Percent of population 3.7 4 4.2 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 5 5 5 5.1
The municipalities with the highest proportion of foreign-born are in the border regions and metropolitan areas while those with the lowest proportion are mainly located in inland areas in the far north of the country.
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Education
Swedish for Immigrants (SFI)
Results up to and including 2009 for students starting their programmes in 2007, by gender, age and educational background
Beginners in 2007 All students of whom: Women Men of whom: 16-19 years 20-24 years 25-39 years 40-54 years 55 yearsTotal number 34 104 gender: 17 856 16 248 aged: 1 021 6 044 19 785 6 274 980 with an educatio n (no of years) 3 890 3 332 4 667 9 779 12 436 60.8 57.8 57.1 61.7 65.1 21.8 24.4 26.0 24.0 22.1 17.4 17.9 17.0 14.3 12.8 63.8 64.5 62.9 58.2 42.3 19.5 22.8 22.7 24.4 38.4 16.7 12.6 14.4 17.4 19.3 65.9 57.3 20.1 26.9 14.0 15.8 Completed course 61.8 Discontinued course 23.4 Still studying education 14.8
of whom 0-3 years 4-6 years 7-9 years 10-12 years 13 years or more
Source: National Agency for Education
About 61 percent of all the students who started SFI in 2007 completed their programme and gained at least a pass grade. A larger proportion of women than men completed SFI.
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Results up to and including 2009 for students who started SFI in 2007, students prioritised* according to highest approved study path programme
All students Completed a programme and gained at least a pass grade (%) of whom: Programme 1A Programme 1B Programme 2B Programme 2C Programme 3C Programme 3D Discontinued/interrupted (%) Continuing to study (%) Total 34 104 61.8 4.6 2.5 11.3 8.2 7.7 27.6 23.4 14.8 Women 17 856 65.9 4.9 2,8 10.7 7.9 7.9 31.8 20.1 14.0 Men 16 248 57.3 4.2 2.3 11.9 8.5 7.4 22.9 26.9 15.8
Source: National Agency for Education, *) A SFI student can have successfully completed more than one programme and in more than one study path. Such students have been prioritised so that only the highest level study path programme is presented. This means that they are only counted once but a consequence of the prioritisation is that the number of students who have passed in the lower-level programmes is underestimated in the tables.
Average time in weeks between the start and end dates up to and including 2009 for students who started SFI in 2007, students prioritized* according to highest approved programme
All students Completed a programme and gained at least a pass grade (%) of whom: Programme 1A Programme 1B Programme 2B Programme 2C Programme 3C Programme 3D Discontinued/interrupted Continuing to study
Source: National Agency for Education
Total 60 59 53 72 56 75 53 58 46 82
Women 61 60 55 74 57 75 54 58 47 85
Men 58 59 51 69 54 74 53 58 44 79
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Percentage of persons having completed Swedish for Immigrants during the academic year with a pass grade out of those discontinuing/interrupting SFI during the academic year by grounds for residence, 20-64 years old, 1997-2009
60 50 40 30 20 1 0 0 1 997 1 998 1 999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Refugees and their clo se family Other migrants
Median number of days studied before gaining a pass grade in SFI by grounds for residence, 20-64 years old, 1997-2009
Number
1 000 800 600 400 200 0 1 997 1 998 1 999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Refugees and their clo se family Other migrants
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Compulsory school
Percentage of students eligible for upper secondary school among ninth graders (15-16 years) in the spring terms 20042008 by gender, period of residence in Sweden and region of birth
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Boys 0-4 yrs Girls Boys 5-9 yrs Girls Boys 10+ yrs Girls Asia Af rica EU 27 Rest of Europe N America and Oceania S America Nordic region
The proportion of those eligible for upper secondary school increases the longer the period of residence in Sweden. Just over 56 and 59 percent of students from Africa and Asia respectively are eligible to study at upper secondary school. Among girls and boys born in Sweden, the proportion of those eligible for upper secondary school is 92 and 90 percent respectively.
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Percentage of students eligible for upper secondary school among ninth graders (15-16 years) in the spring terms of 20042008, by period of residence in Sweden and region of birth
Girls 0-4 yrs Sweden Nordic region EU 27 Other European countries North America and Oceania South America Asia Africa 77.9 57.6 47.1 54.7 36.6 25.1 21.5 5-9 yrs 84.2 88.1 75.0 86.0 74.0 61.6 61.6 10+ yrs 90.3 86.4 85.2 90.2 83.2 84.8 79.9 Total 92.0 87.2 80.9 80.2 84.4 76.1 66.4 57.5
0-4 yrs Sweden Nordic region EU27 Other European countries North America and Oceania South America Asia Africa 75.4 52.6 45.9 42.5 29.7 20.7 22.3
Boys 5-9 yrs 10+yrs 87.7 84.3 70.7 77.0 75.6 55.2 59.2 87.0 84.5 82.6 86.0 82.4 81.1 75.6
Total 90.0 85.7 78.0 77.4 78.3 75.4 59.4 56.5
Students arriving in Sweden towards the end of their compulsory school years often dont attain the schools knowledge goals. The differences for those who migrated prior to starting school are mainly explained by socio-economic factors. The children of highly educated or working parents attain the schools knowledge goals more often than the children of low32
educated and unemployed parents. This is true for both native-born and migrants, regardless of their background.
Percentage of students eligible for upper secondary school among those registered in compulsory school in the spring term of ninth grade between 2004 and 2008, by background
100 90 80 70 60 50 Boys 40 Girls 30 20 10 0 2 parents born in Sweden 1 foreign-born parent 2 foreign-born parents Foreign-born
Source: Born in Sweden - but still different?, Statistics Sweden
Fewer students with two foreign-born parents are eligible for upper secondary school than students with at least one native-born parent. The proportion of those eligible is lowest among foreign-born boys.
33
Percentage of students eligible for upper secondary school registered in compulsory school in the spring term of ninth grade between 2004 and 2008, by Swedish and foreign background and parents level of education Girls, percent
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2 parent s born in Sweden 1 f oreign-born parent 2 f oreign born parent s Foreign-born Compulsory school Upper secondary Post -upper secondary
Boys, percent
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2 parent s born in Sweden 1 f oreign-born parent 2 f oreign-born parent s Foreign-born Compulsory school Upper secondary Post -upper secondary
The greatest differences in the proportion of those eligible for upper secondary school can be found between students with high- and low-educated parents respectively. 34
Upper secondary school

Percentages of all 20-year-olds in 2004-2008 who have graduated from upper secondary school, or who have been registered but failed to graduate, by Swedish and foreign background, Women, percent
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2 parent s born in Sweden 1 f oreign-born 2 f oreignForeign-born parent born parents Never registered at upper secondary
Regist ered at upper secondary but not graduat ed Graduat ed f rom upper secondary
Men, percent
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2 parent s born in Sweden 1 f oreignborn parent 2 foreignForeign-born born parent s Never regist ered at upper secondary Registered at upper secondary but not graduated Graduated from upper secondary
35
Choice of programmes in upper secondary school

Breakdown of upper secondary programmes among students in year 1 one at upper secondary school, young people born 19841988 by Swedish and foreign background Women, percent
Programme in year 1 Born in Sweden with: 2 parents 1 foreign 2 foreign born born born in Sweden parent parents 54 54 56 30 25 21 7 9 12 9 12 11 100 100 100 197 384 23 986 14 111 Born overseas 51 21 20 8 100 23 176
Higher education preparatory Vocational Individual programme Independent school Total Number
Men, percent
Programme in year 1 Born in Sweden with: 2 parents 1 foreign 2 foreign born in Sweden 46 35 9 10 100 206 950 born parent 47 30 11 13 100 25 105 born parents 48 24 15 13 100 14 893 Born Oversea s 43 23 24 9 100 24 795

1
Some students retake courses. The table consists of students who registered for the first time in year one.
36
Breakdown of upper secondary school programmes among graduates born 1984-1988 by Swedish and foreign background.
Women, percent
Programme in year 1 Born in Sweden with: 2 parents 1 foreign 2 foreign born born born in Sweden parent parents 58 60 63 32 27 24 0 0 1 10 13 12 100 100 100 158 646 17 702 10 034 Born Overseas 62 28 1 9 100 14 622
Men, percent
Programme in year 1 Born in Sweden with: 2 parents 1 foreign 2 foreign born born born in Sweden parent parents 50 52 55 39 33 29 1 1 1 10 14 16 100 100 100 15 7415 17 127 9 318 Born overseas 56 31 2 12 100 13 352
The proportion of those who finish the individual programme is small. This is because the purpose of the individual programme is to prepare students for a national programme.
37
Eligibility for higher education

Proportion of students who are eligible for higher education by gender and region of birth, 2004-2008, percent
100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 M en Women
Sweden
Nordic regio n
EU 27
Rest o f Euro pe
N A merica S A merica and Oceania
A sia
A frica
Percentage of all 20-year-olds who were eligible for higher education 2004-2008, by background and gender, percent
100 80 60 M en 40 20 0 2 parents born in Sweden 1 foreign-born parent 2 foreign-born parents Foreign-born Women
38
What level of education do native and foreignborn reach?

Level of education for 25-64 year-olds in 2009 by gender, percent
1 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1 0 0 Wo men M en To tal Co mpulso ry scho o l To tal Wo men M en To tal Wo men M en To tal
Native-bo rn Upper seco ndary
Fo reign-bo rn No data available
P o st seco ndary
Foreign-born have a slightly lower level of education than those born in Sweden. The difference is small however, when it comes to post-secondary education, with 38 percent of native-born aged 25-64 having a post-secondary education compared to 36 percent of foreign-born. A higher proportion of foreign-born than native-born have only completed compulsory education, 21 and 13 percent respectively. A larger proportion of women than men have a higher education among both native- and foreign-born.
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Level of education for 25-64 year-olds in 2009 by region of birth and gender, percent.
Country of birth Gender Population (number) Compulsory Upper PostUneducation secondary upper known only education secondary 13 11 16 21 21 20 22 19 25 10 9 11 26 28 24 25 29 22
8 7 8
Native-born
Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men Total Women Men
3 957 420 1 937 104 2 020 316 899 057 457 121 441 936 161 485 87 704 73 781 165 256 81 956 83 300 154 077 78 043 76 034 72 021 32 699 39 322
20 273 9 494 10 779
48 46 50 36 35 37 43 43 43 33 34 33 43 39 48 35 34 36
24 24 25
38 43 33 36 38 34 29 34 24 44 49 40 27 29 24 29 24 33 60 62 59 38 41 35 39 38 39 59 60 59
0 0 0 7 6 8 5 3 8 12 9 16 4 4 4 11 13 9 8 8 8 3 3 3 7 7 7 14 12 14
Foreign-born
Nordic region (excl Sweden) EU 27 (excl Nordic region) Europe non EU 27 Africa
North America
South America
Asia
Oceania
46 932 24 404 22 528 271 513 139 007 132 506 3 334 1 121 2 213
17 16 17 24 26 23 5 6 5
43 40 45 30 29 31 22 22 22
40
What do native and foreign-born study?

Level of education by specialisation for 25-64 year-old women in 2009, percent
Specialisation Upper secondary school NativeForeignborn born 19.4 29.3 0.1 4.9 14.2 0.4 35.8 3.5 9.6 9.5 2.6 100 0.6 3.6 11.2 1.5 27.6 1.2 7.6 8.2 9.2 100 Higher education Nativeborn 0.3 11.0 6.8 24.0 7.5 31.9 1.7 9.6 6.9 0.3 100 Foreign -born 0.2 7.4 8.2 21.3 11.3 28.3 1.7 10.8 3.3 7.5 100
General education Education and teacher training Arts subjects Social sciences, law, business, etc. Natural sciences, mathematics and computers Technology and manufacturing Farming and forestry, veterinary science Health and medical care, social care Services Unknown total
The proportion of foreign-born who have a technical upper secondary education is lower while the proportion who have a general upper secondary education is higher than among native-born . However, regarding higher education, it is more common for foreign-born to have a degree in natural sciences, mathematics and computers and less common to have a degree in education.
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How many people with a foreign background study at universities and university colleges in Sweden?
Number of first-year higher education students by Swedish and foreign background in the 2008/2009 academic year
Number 2008/09 Total Women 69 540 41 175 57 101 33 611 12 439 7 564 Change in percent compared to 2007/08 Total Women Men 7 4 11 7 5 11 7 4 13
Total* Swedish background Foreign background of whom: Born in Sweden with two foreign-born parents Foreign-born - lived in Sweden 6 years - lived in Sweden 7 years *) Total number of first-year unknown background. Source: Statistics Sweden
Men 28 365 23 490 4 875
3 800 2 200 1 600 8 700 5 300 3 300 2 300 1 300 1 000 6300 4 000 2 300 students excluding foreign nationals
9 5 6 3 9 8 5 1 and students with
14 13 10 12 an
42
What are the trends in undergraduate education?

The trend in the percentage of first-year undergraduates with a Swedish and foreign background respectively, 1999/00-2008/09
99/00 00/01 01/02 02/03 03/04 04/05 05/06 06/07 07/08 08/09
Total*
Swedish background Born in Sweden with two foreign-born parents Foreign-born 88 87 86 85 84 84 84 83 82 82
4 9
4 9
4 10
4 11
4 12
4 11
4 11
5 12
5 13
5 12
Women
Swedish background Born in Sweden with two foreignborn parents Foreign-born 88 87 86 85 84 84 84 82 81 82
3 9
4 9
4 10
4 11
4 12
4 12
4 12
5 13
5 13
5 13
Men
Swedish background 88 87 86 86 85 85 85 84 83 83 Born in Sweden with two foreignborn parents 4 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 6 Foreign-born 8 9 10 10 11 11 10 11 11 12 *Total number of first-year students excluding foreign nationals and students with an unknown background. Source: Statistics Sweden
The proportion of first-year undergraduates with a foreign background has increased over the last ten years. There have been no major changes in the proportion of native-born with two foreign-born parents. On the other hand, the proportion of foreign-born has increased and the proportion of those with a Swedish background
43
has decreased during the specified time period. Among foreign-born women, the proportion of first-year undergraduates has gone up from 9 to 13 percent during this period. The increase in foreign-born mainly depends on the decrease in the number of first-year undergraduates with a Swedish background.
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Age distribution of first-year higher education students by Swedish and foreign background, academic year 2008/09, percent
21 years 2224 2529 3034 3564 Total
Total Swedish background Born in Sweden with two foreign-born parents Foreign-born Women Swedish background Born in Sweden with two foreign-born parents Foreign-born Men Swedish background Born in Sweden with two foreign-born parents Foreign-born
59 71 38 57 69 36 61 74 41
17 10 13 17 10 12 18 10 16
9 7 15 9 8 15 9 7 14
5 4 12 5 5 13 4 3 11
10 7 22 12 8 24 8 5 18
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
*Total number of first-year undergraduates excluding foreign nationals and students with an unknown background. Source: Statistics Sweden
There were differences in age between foreign-born and native-born. More young people born in Sweden with two foreign-born parents can be found in the under 22 age group compared to young people with a Swedish background.
45
What proportion of the population have begun their higher education studies by the age of 25?
Percentage of the population who have started Swedish higher education by the age of 25 by background, 1999-2008, percent
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Swedish background Born in Sweden with two foreign-born parents
Foreign background foreign-born
Among 25-year-olds with a foreign background, the proportion who have started higher education increased from 27 to 37 percent between 1999 and 2008. The corresponding trend among persons with a Swedish is an increase from 40 to 45 percent.
46
Which continents do the students with a foreign background come from?

Percentage of 25-year-olds who have started Swedish higher education studies by region of birth
Foreign-born Total Nordic region excl Sweden The EU excl the Nordic region Europe excl the EU and Nordic region Africa North America South America Asia Oceania 36 43 36 28 28 33 39 31 Women 48 47 44 34 36 37 44 29 Men 26 38 27 23 22 30 35 33 Born in Sweden with two foreign-born parents* Total 31 47 37 45 44 42 52 100 Women 36 54 46 53 60 53 56 100 Men 26 40 28 37 25 33 47 100
Region of birth
*) Native-born with two foreign-born parents are presented under their parents country of birth Source: Statistics Sweden
Among the foreign-born contingent of those born in 1983, and who turned 25 in 2008, there were major differences in the proportion of those starting higher education by the age of 25. Among foreign-born from within the EU, 43 percent had started higher education by the age of 25. The second-highest proportion, 39 percent, was among foreign-born with an Asian background. The difference between men and women was greatest among foreign-born persons with a Nordic background and least among persons with an Oceanic background.
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Many with an Iranian background are starting higher education studies

Proportion of foreign-born 25-year-olds who had started Swedish higher education by 2008 by country
Country of birth Iran Iraq Bosnia and Herzegovina Yugoslavia Chile Lebanon Turkey Somalia Poland Syria
Total 60 26 46 22 31 27 36 16 47 40
Foreign-born Women 64 33 59 27 35 31 43 20 51 47
Men 56 21 34 18 27 24 27 13 42 35
Two countries with a relatively large group of 25-yearolds registered as resident in Sweden, but with a significantly smaller proportion who had started higher education studies, were Iraq and former Yugoslavia. The lowest proportion who had started higher education studies by the age of 25 was in the Somali group with 16 percent of 25-year-olds having started to study. How long a person has lived in Sweden was of considerable significance for both level of education and work. This explains the low proportion of Somalis as they on average have shorter periods of residence in Sweden than those born in other countries.
48
Which vocational degree programmes have the highest proportion of first-year students with a foreign background?
Vocational degree programmes with the highest percentage of first-year students with a foreign background in 2008/09
Vocational degree programme* Drug dispenser Pharmacist Biomedical analyst Radiographer Dentist Dental hygienist Study and career guidance officer Graduate engineer Graduate social worker Occupational therapist Percentage with a foreign background Total Women Men 69 68 71 59 60 54 49 47 55 47 45 56 38 34 43 37 36 63 24 23 25 23 22 23 20 19 28 18 16 38
Source: Statistics Sweden, *) Only programmes with more than 60 first-year undergraduates are presented
The highest percentage was among drug dispenser programmes, where 69 percent of first-years had a foreign background, 58 percent were foreign-born and 11 percent were born in Sweden with two foreign-born parents.
49
Number of first-year doctoral students by Swedish and foreign background in the 2008/09 academic year
Number 2008/09 Total Total* 2 310 Swedish background 1 940 Foreign background 370 of whom Born in Sweden with two foreign-born parents 80 Foreign-born 290 lived in Sweden 6 years lived in Sweden 7 years
*Total
Change in percent compared to 2007/08 Men 1 080 910 170 Total 12 12 12 Women 16 16 13 Men 8 8 11
Women 1 230 1 040 200
40 160 20 140
40 130 10 120
23 9 33 6
48 6 38 2
5 13 27 10
40 250
number of first-year doctoral students excluding foreign nationals and students with an unknown background. Source: Statistics Sweden
In the academic year of 2008/09, 16 percent of first-year doctoral students had a foreign background (excl visiting foreign students). The number of first-years with a foreign background was 370. Of these, 290 were foreign-born and 80 were born in Sweden with two foreign-born parents. The number of first-years with a foreign background has increased compared to the previous academic year. Of the 290 foreign-born students, 40 had arrived in Sweden at the age of six or earlier and 250 at the age of seven or later. There were no differences between male and female first-year doctoral students with a Swedish and foreign background in the 2008/09 academic year.
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51
How well-educated are foreign nationals in Sweden in an international perspective?

Proportion of foreign nationals with a university education 2 , 25-64 years, average in 2002-03
Ireland UK No rway USA Sweden Spain Denmark A ustralia Canada Finland The Netherlands Switzerland B elgium Greece P o rtugal France Germany A ustria 0 1 0 20 30 40 50 60
Proportion, percent
Source: OECD (2005)
In an international perspective, Sweden has a high proportion of academics among foreign nationals (31 percent).
2 USA, Canada and Australia = foreign-born, Source: OECD (2005), Table 1.12.
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The labour market

Foreign-born are a heterogeneous group in terms of origin, period of residence in Sweden, level of education and age. There are therefore major differences in employment, unemployment and labour force participation within the group. The employment rate for native-born has been over or very close to 80 percent for the entire 2000s. Every year, however, it is significantly lower for foreign-born. Between 2005 and 2008, the employment rate increased for foreign-born from 64 to 67 percent. It has since gone down to just over 65 percent in 2009. The employment rate is lower for women than for men and the difference between women and men is greater among foreign-born than among native-born.
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Foreign-born (2064 yrs), 2009 Women (W): 505 200 Men (M): 458 200
In labour force
Not in labour force
W: M: Tot:
In work Unemployed
69.9 % 82.1 % 75.1 %

Full-time study
W: M: Tot:
Main activity
30.0 % 17.9 % 24.3 %
W: M: Tot:
60.3 % 69.5 % 64.7 %
W: 13.8 % M: 15.4 % Tot: 14.6 %
W: 2.8 % M: 2.7 % Tot: 2.7 %
Working at home
Study
Pension
Sickness
Other
W: 4.4 % M: 0% Tot: 2.4 %
W. 5.9 % W: 0.7 % W: 13.6 % W: 5.5 % M: 3.8 % M: 0.7 % M: 10.0 % M: 3.1 %
In work, usually working Full-time 35 hrs Part-time 2034 hrs Part-time 119 hrs
Tot:4.9 % Tot:0.7 % Tot: 11.9 % Tot: 4.4 %
W: 39.7 % M: 59.7 % Tot: 49.2 %
W: 16.5 % M: 6.9 % Tot: 12.0 %
W: 3.9 % M: 2.7 % Tot: 3.3 % Source: Statistics Sweden, Labour Force Surveys (LFS)
54
Native-born (20-64 yrs), 2009 Women (W): 2 174 800 Men (M): 2 303 400
In labour force
W: M: Tot:
In work Unemployed Full-time study
83.8 % 88.7 % 86.3 %
Not in labour force
W: M: Tot: W: 1 % M: 1 % Tot: 1 %
Working at home
16.2 % 11.3 % 13.7 %
W: M: Tot:
79.3 % 83.1 % 81.2 %
W: M: Tot:
5.4 % 6.3 % 5.9 %
Main activity Study
Pension
Sickness
Other
In work, usually working Full-time 35 hrs Part-time 2034 hrs Part-time119 hrs
W: 1.3 % M: 0 %
W: 3.8 % W: 1.4 % W: 7.6 % W: 2.1 % M: 3.0 % M: 1.6 % M: 4.8 % M: 1.9 %
Tot: 0.7 %
W: 3.8 % M: 2.2 % Tot: 3.0 %
Tot: 3.4 % Tot: 1.5 % Tot: 6.1 % Tot: 2.0%
W. 52,6 % M: 74.4 % Tot: 63.8 %
W: 22.8% M: 6.4 % Tot: 14.3 %
Source: Statistics Sweden, Labour Force Surveys (LFS)
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How has the proportion of people employed varied?

Proportion of people employed 1987-2009, native and foreignborn aged 20-64 years, percent and index3
1 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1 0 0 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Native-born
Foreign-born
Index
Changes between 2005 and previous years must be interpreted with considerable caution.
Source: Statistics Sweden, Labour Force Surveys (LFS), own calculations
During the first half of the 1990s, employment dropped dramatically for everyone and especially for foreignborn . A recovery has since taken place, but the levels are still considerably lower than at the end of the 1980s.
Index= the employment rate for foreign-born divided by the employment rate for native-born multiplied by 100.
56
The employment index is a measure of the extent to which the employment rates among Swedish and foreign-born persons are converging. An index value of 100 means that the two employment rates are exactly the same. An index value of less than 100 means that employment is lower for foreign-born than for nativeborn. When the index value approaches 100, the two employment rates also start to converge. The difference between 100 and the index value is known as the employment gap. The employment gap increased noticeably during the recession of the 1990s, from just under 90 at the beginning of the decade to about 71 in 1997. In 2009, the employment index stood at 79.7.
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Proportion of people employed 1987-2009, native- and foreignborn aged 20-64 years, women, percent and index
1 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1 0 0 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Native-born
Foreign-born
Index
Proportion of people in work 1987-2009, native- and foreignborn aged 20-64 years, men, percent and index
1 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1 0 0 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
Native-born
Foreign-born
Index
58
Proportion of people employed 1987-2009, native- and foreignborn aged 20-64 years by gender, percent and index
years Native 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 83.2 84.3 84.9 85.5 84.4 82.0 78.5 77.1 77.3 76.7 75.8 76.2 77.3 78.4 79.4 79.6 79.1 78.4 78.4 79.0 80.4 80.7 79.3 Women Foreign 74.0 73.6 73.6 73.6 69.7 64.5 58.8 55.9 54.3 53.0 52.2 53.1 55.7 58.6 60.9 61.9 60.9 60.0 60.3 60.5 61.3 61.3 60.3 Index 88.9 87.2 86.7 86.0 82.6 78.7 74.9 72.5 70.2 69.1 68.9 69.6 72.0 74.7 76.8 77.7 76.9 76.5 76.9 76.6 76.3 75.9 76.0 Native 88.6 89.2 89.9 90.1 88.3 84.3 79.5 78.8 80.1 80.1 79.4 80.6 81.6 82.6 83.2 82.9 82.5 82.2 83.0 83.7 84.9 85.2 83.1 Men Foreign 80.4 81.2 80.6 79.7 75.8 69.5 62.6 61.0 59.7 58.6 58.4 60.2 63.5 66.6 69.1 67.9 66.6 65.7 67.8 69.4 72.1 73.6 69.5 Index 90.8 91.1 89.6 88.5 85.9 82.5 78.7 77.4 74.6 73.1 73.6 74.7 77.9 80.6 82.9 82.0 80.7 79.9 81.7 82.8 84.9 86.4 83.6
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What role does the period of residence in Sweden play?

People employed by period of residence in Sweden 1987-2009, foreign-born women aged 20-64 years Proportion, percent
1 00
80
60
40
20 0-4 yrs >= 20 yrs 0 87 88 99 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 5-9 yrs Native-bo rn 1 9 yrs 0-1
People employed by period of residence in Sweden 1987-2009, foreign-born men aged 20-64 years Proportion, percent
1 00
80
60
40
20
0-4 yrs >= 20 yrs 87 88 99 90
5-9 yrs Native-bo rn
1 9 yrs 0-1
0 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09
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The period of residence in Sweden is very significant. The longer the period of residence, the higher the employment rate, although even those who have lived in Sweden for 20 years or more have a lower employment rate than native-born.
61
How has the proportion of people employed varied among persons born in different regions of the world over the last ten years?
The employment rate by region of birth, 20-64 year-olds, 19972009 Percent
1 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1 0 0 1 997 1 998 1 999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Sweden Euro pe excl. No rdic regio n
No rdic regio n Outside Euro pe
The employment rate increased from 2005 to 2008 for persons born outside Europe but then dropped from 63.3 to 59.3 percent in 2009.
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In addition to period of residence, the region of birth is also very significant. Since region of birth and period of residence often coincide, breakdowns into region of birth should always consider how long the people have lived in Sweden. The employment rate increases at pace with the period of residence in Sweden for all foreignborn. This increase is especially noticeable among those born in countries outside Europe and in Europe excluding the Nordic region. The labour market can be categorised by region of birth. The employment rate among those born in countries outside Europe is lower than among those born in other regions. This categorisation into regions of birth cannot be explained by differences in age, level of education and civil status (2005 Integration report).
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The employment rate by region of birth and period of residence in Sweden, 1997-2009 Percentage, period of residence 0-4 years for foreign-born women
1 00 80
60 40
20 0 1 997 1 998 1 999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Sweden Euro pe excl. No rdic regio n No rdic regio n Outside Euro pe
Percentage, period of residence 0-4 years for foreign-born men

1 00 80
60 40
20 0 1 997 1 998 1 999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Sweden Euro pe excl. No rdic regio n No rdic regio n Outside Euro pe
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Percentage, period of residence 20 years or more for foreign-born women

1 00
80
60
40
20
0 1 997 1 998 1 999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Sweden Euro pe excl. No rdic regio n No rdic regio n Outside Euro pe
Percentage, period of residence 20 years or more for foreign-born men

1 00
80
60
40
20
0 1 997 1 998 1 999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Sweden Euro pe excl. No rdic regio n No rdic regio n Outside Euro pe
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Percentage in different vocational groups with post-upper secondary education and background in 2008
Vocations that require post secondary qualifications
Background Born in Sweden with: 2 parents born in Sweden 1 parent born in Sweden 2 foreign-born parents Foreign-born
Leading positions
Other vocations
Total number
10 9 8 5
73 71 68 58
18 20 24 36
118 9781 105 562 40 470 186 847
The percentage of individuals with vocations that match their level of education (for those with a postupper secondary education) is significantly lower among foreign-born, 58 percent. Persons born in Sweden with two native-born parents occupy the highest proportion of leading positions, 10 percent compared to 5 percent among foreign-born.
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Employment trend among refugees, etc. 4 in Swedish municipalities?

Percentage of people employed among refugees etc., received by Swedish municipalities between 1997 and 2007 by period of residence (in years), 20-64 years
1 years 2 years 3 years 4 years 5 years 6 years 7 years 8 years 9 years 10 years 11 years
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
9.8 11.6 13.5 11 9.7 9.3 10.7 10.4 15.6 17.5 10.2
17.9 24.1 22.6 18.6 16.9 16.6 17.5 18.9 26.6 27.2
30.6 33.6 28.8 25.3 23.6 23.2 27.6 28.7 36.5
38.7 38.5 34.4 31.1 28.7 32.8 35.9 35.8
43.8 42.7 38.4 35 36.8 41.1 40.9
46.6 45.6 40.5 42.3 44.1 44.6
48.3 47.4 46.2 47.8 47.3
49.7 52.1 52.1 50.2
55.3 57.1 54.5
58.8 57.9
59.7
The employment trend among refugees received by municipalities is of major interest from an integration policy point of view. In the newly arrived migrant group, only refugees and their close family members are
4 Persons who have been granted residence because they are in need of protection or for humanitarian reasons and their close family members who have applied for residence within two years.
67
covered by the new Act on introduction activities for certain newly arrived migrants (SFS 2010:197).
Percentage of people employed among refugees etc., received by Swedish municipalities between 1997 and 2007 by period of residence in Sweden, 20-64 years, women
70 60 50 40 30 20 1 0 0 1yr 2 yrs 3 yrs 4 yrs 5 yrs 6 yrs 7 yrs 8 yrs 9 yrs 1 yrs 0 1 yrs 1 A rrived 97 A rrived 03 A rrived 99 A rrived 05 A rrived 01 A rrived 07
1 years
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 years
6 years
7 years
8 years
9 years
10 years
11 years
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
5.8 6.5 6.8 6.3 5.9 5.4 5.8 5.5 7.7 7.9 4.9
11.9 15.3 14.4 11.9 10.4 9.7 10.2 10.1 14.6 14.9
21.7 24 19.6 17.4 15.2 14.3 18.1 17.1 22.2
30.6 29.9 24.8 21.9 19.7 22.4 23.8 23.7
37 34 30 26 27 29 30
40 38 32 34 33 32
42 40 37 38 36
44 44 42 42
51 48 46
54 50
54
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Percentage of people employed among refugees etc., received by Swedish municipalities between 1997 and 2007 by period of residence in Sweden, 20-64 years, men
70 60 50 40 30 20 1 0 0 1yr 2 yrs 3 yrs 4 yrs 5 yrs 6 yrs 7 yrs 8 yrs 9 yrs 1 yrs 0 1 yrs 1 A rrived 97 A rrived 03 A rrived 99 A rrived 05 A rrived 01 A rrived 07
1 years 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
2 years
3 years
4 years
5 years
6 years
7 years
8 years
9 years
10 years
11 years
13.2 15.5 19.4 15 12.8 12.6 15.1 15.4 22.8 23.8 13.8
22.9 30.8 29.6 24.4 22 22.5 24.2 28 37.5 35.4
38 40.8 36.6 31.9 30.4 30.7 36.3 40.5 49.6
45.5 45.1 42.4 38.8 35.9 41.5 46.9 48.2
49.7 49.3 45.9 42.5 44.4 51.1 51.3
52.4 51.6 47.9 49.6 53.2 55.1
53.8 53.5 53.6 55.8 56.1
54.2 58.1 60.4 57
58.8 64.2 61.9
63.1 64.1
64
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The employment rate is around 18 percent after one year in Sweden, although it increases to around 50 percent for men and 30 percent for women after five years.
70
How do the differences on the Swedish labour market between foreign- and native-born compare with other countries?
Percentage of people employed in the population, 15-64 years, 2009
B elgium France Spain Slo vakia Ireland Sweden Italy Germany Finland A ustria Hungary Czech Rep Greece UK Netherlands Denmark USA Canada Luxembo urg P o rtugal No rway 0 1 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Nativebo rn Fo reignbo rn
Source: OECD, International Migration Outlook 2010
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When making international comparisons, it is important to bear in mind the differences between countries as regards the proportion of labour force migrants and percentage of foreign-born coming from countries where they speak similar languages. Southern European countries have much higher numbers of labour force migrants and in English-speaking countries, many come from countries where English is spoken. Even in France, Portugal and Spain, many foreign-born come from countries where the new countrys language is spoken or at least generally understood. Out of 19 OECD countries, the employment rate among foreign-born in Sweden is higher than in Spain, Slovakia, France, Belgium and Ireland. The differences in the employment rates of native-born and foreign-born are greatest in Sweden (12.1 percentage points), followed by the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and Denmark (between 8 and 12 percentage point difference).
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Percentage of people employed in the population, 15-64 years, by gender and differences in percentage points between foreign/native-born in 2009
OECD countries: Native Netherlands Denmark Norway Austria Germany Sweden UK Canada Czech Republic Greece Portugal USA Finland Luxembourg France Belgium Italy Spain Slovakia Ireland Hungary 73.5 74.3 75.3 68.3 68.5 72.8 66.3 70.7 56.7 48.7 61.2 64.5 68.2 54.4 61.4 58.2 45.9 52.4 52.8 57.6 49.7 Women Foreign 59.2 63.2 66.5 57.5 55.7 57.9 57.4 63.4 56.8 51.1 65.6 57.2 59.9 60.3 50.8 43.4 50.2 54.9 50.2 56.1 59.3 difference -14.3 -11.1 -8.8 -10.8 -12.8 -14.9 -8.9 -7.2 0.1 2.4 4.4 -7.2 -8.4 5.9 -10.6 -14.8 4.3 2.5 -2.6 -1.6 9.6 Native 83.5 788 78.8 77.7 76.4 75.6 74.8 74.0 73.8 72.7 70.8 70.7 69.6 69.2 68.9 68.1 67.7 67.7 67.5 66.0 60.9 Men Foreign difference 74.8 73.5 74.0 72.5 71.7 66.7 75.1 73.9 74.6 80.5 74.8 78.4 67.7 78.1 65.7 61.4 77.3 61.1 72.2 67.7 73.9 -8.8 -5.3 -4.9 -5.3 -4.7 -8.9 0.3 -0.1 0.7 7.8 4.0 7.7 -1.9 8.9 -3.2 -6.8 9.6 -6.6 4.6 1.7 13.0
There are major differences between women and men. Among the 21 OECD countries, Sweden is in ninth place as regards the percentage of people among foreign-born women but in eighteenth place for foreign-born men.
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Number of people out of work in the population, 15-64 years, 2009, percent
Spain B elgium Ireland Finland Sweden France Slo vakia P o rtugal Germany Greece Netherlands Italy Canada Denmark USA Czech Rep A ustria Hungary UK Luxembo urg No rway 0 5 1 0 1 5 20 25 30 Nativebo rn Fo reignbo rn
Spain has the highest percentage of people out of work among foreign-born and Sweden is ranked fifth. Unemployment is a problem, but also a sign that there are jobseekers available for work.
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What has been the unemployment trend among foreign-born over the last five years?
Percentage of people out of work in the labour force among foreign- and native-born in Sweden, 20-64 years, 1987-2009 Percent
30 25 20 1 5 1 0 5 0 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 Wo men native-born M en native-bo rn Women foreign-born M en foreign-born 05 06 07 08 09
Unemployment is higher among foreign-born than among native-born. It is highest among foreign-born men and lowest among native-born men. The percentage of people out of work among both foreignborn and native-born decreased up until 2008 but has since increased. This increase was greater among men than among women for both foreign-born and nativeborn.
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What has been the unemployment trend among foreign-born with different periods of residence in Sweden?
Percentage of people out of work in the labour force among foreign-born in Sweden, 20-64 years, 1987-2009
60 50 40 30 20 1 0 0 87 88 99 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 0-4 yrs 5-9 yrs 1 9 yrs 0-1 >= 20 yrs 05 06 07 08 09 Native-bo rn
Those who have been in Sweden for a shorter time (up to 10 years) are, as in many other western European countries, particularly vulnerable to business cycle fluctuations on the labour market.
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Women, percent
60 50
40 30 20
1 0 0 87 88 99 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 0-4 yrs 5-9 yrs 1 9 yrs 0-1 01 02 03 04 >= 20 yrs 05 06 07 08 09 Native-bo rn
Men, percent
60
50 40
30 20
1 0 0 87 88 99 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 0-4 yrs 5-9 yrs 1 9 yrs 0-1 >= 20 yrs 05 06 07 08 09 Native-bo rn
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Percentage of people out of work in the labour force among foreign- and native-born young people in Sweden, 15-24 years, 2005-2009
Women Native 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 21.5 20.8 18.7 20.0 22.8 Foreign 30.0 33.9 29.3 27.9 32.3 Native 22.1 19.9 17.6 19.2 24.9 Men Foreign 31.8 29.9 27.0 24.2 37.6 21.8 20.3 18.1 19.6 23.9 Total Native Foreign 30.9 31.7 28.0 26.0 35.2
Unemployment has been highest among young people aged 15-24 in Sweden. It decreased between 2006 and 2008 for both foreign- and native-born. In 2009, it was highest among foreign-born young men, 37.6 percent, and lowest among young women born in Sweden, 22.8 percent.
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How has employment in the industrial sector changed for foreign-born between 1988 and 2008?
Number of people employed in industry as a percentage of all those in work, 1988-2008, 20-64 years Proportion, percent
90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1 0 0 1 988 1 990 1 992 1 994 1 996 1 998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 Native in industry Native in service secto r Fo reign in industry Fo reign in service secto r
Source: Register-based labour market statistics (RAMS), Statistics Sweden
Considerable restructuring has taken place with a substantial decrease in the percentage of people working in the industrial sector. This decrease has affected foreign-born in particular. At the end of the 1980s, nearly 40 percent of all foreign-born in work worked in industry. This percentage was almost halved by 2008. Now, the proportion of people in the service sector is higher among foreign-born than among native-born. The proportion of people in the service sector has increased from about 60 to just over 78 percent.
79
What are the differences between foreign-born and native-born in different economic sectors?
Percentage of people among foreign-born and native-born by economic sector, 20-64 years, 2009, percent
Health and social care Financial and business services Manufacturing, mining and quarrying, energy and environment Trade Education Hotel and restaurant Transport Personal and cultural services Public administration, etc. Construction Information and communication Farming, forestry and fishing No data available 0 5
Native-born Foreign-born
10
15
20
25
80
Percentage of people employed by gender and economic sector, 20-64 years, 2009
Economic sector men Native- Foreignborn born 3.0 0.8 20.7 19.2 12.6 13.1 7.5 1.7 5.8 16.2 5.3 5.3 4.8 4.0 0.1 100.0 6.5 13.1 10.1 8.3 4.0 17.3 3.2 5.4 8.0 3.7 0.4 100.0 women Native- Foreignborn born 0.9 0.6 6.7 7.0 1.0 10.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 14.7 7.5 17.4 27.4 5.6 0.1 100.0 0.7 9.6 2.8 5.8 2.2 15.7 5.6 16.0 28.8 5.0 0.2 100.0
Agriculture, forestry and fishing Manufacturing, mining and quarrying, energy and environment Construction Trade Transport Hotel and restaurant Information and communication Financial and business services Public administration etc. Education Health and social care Personal and cultural services No data available Total
81
Percentage of people employed among foreign- and native-born by economic sector, 20-64 years, 2008-2009, percent
Economic sector Native born 2.0 14.8 7.2 12.1 5.1 2.1 4.3 15.3 6.1 10.9 15.5 4.5 0.1 100 2008 Foreignborn 0.6 15.3 3.4 10.8 5.9 7.2 3.0 15.5 4.1 11.2 18.4 4.3 0.3 100 Native born 2.0 14.1 7.1 12.0 5.2 2.1 4.2 15.4 6.4 11.0 15.5 4.7 0.1 100 2009 Foreignborn 0.7 13.2 3.7 11.4 6.5 7.1 3.1 16.5 4.3 10.6 18.2 4.3 0.3 100
Agriculture, forestry and fishing Manufacturing, mining and quarrying, energy and environment Construction Trade Transport Hotel and restaurant Information and communication Financial and business services Public administration etc. Education Health and social care Personal and cultural services No data available Total
In which sector do foreign-born work?

Number and percentage of foreign-born and native-born employees in different sectors, 20-64 years, 2009
Sector State Private Local/regional authority, of which: County council Primary municipality Total Number of employees 230.8 2 517.1 1 038.7 242.8 796.0 3786.6 Nativeborn (%) 89.2 85.4 85.9 87.5 85.5 85.5 Foreignborn (%) 10.8 14.6 14.1 12.5 14.5 14.5
82
Number and percentage of foreign-born and native-born employees in different sectors, 20-64 years, 2009, Women, percent
2008 NativeForeignborn born 89.0 11.0 85.3 14.7 85.9 14.1 87.4 12.6 85.4 14.6 85.6 14.4 2009 NativeForeignborn born 88.0 11.9 84.2 15.8 86.4 13.6 89.3 10.7 85.5 14.5 85.2 14.8
Sector State Private Local/regional authority County council Primary municipality Total
Percentage of foreign-born and native-born employees in different sectors, 20-64 years, 2009, Men, percent
Sector Nativeborn 90.2 86.3 86.5 84.1 87.1 86.2 2008 Foreignborn 9.8 13.7 13.6 15.9 12.9 13.8 2009 NativeForeign born born 90.3 9.6 86.1 13.9 84.2 15.8 81.1 18.9 85.2 14.8 85.8 14.2
Public Private Local/regional authority County council Primary municipality Total
83
What proportion are self-employed?

Percentage of self-employed persons (18-64 years) among native-born and foreign-born in the working population, 2008
Women Number 91 723 16 804 percent 5.1 6.4 Men Number 228 913 34 831 percent 11.7 12.3
Native-born Foreign-born Of whom born in: Nordic region excl Sweden EU 27 excl Nordic region Other European countries North America and Oceania South America Asia Africa Other Total
3 614 4 194 2 356 522 562 5 173 376 7 108 527
5.8 8.5 4.9 8.2 3.5 7.8 2.6 10.8 5.3
5 916 7 359 6 531 849 889 11 903 1 375 9 263 744
11.9 13.3 11.6 9.9 5.2 15.8 6.8 9.5 11.8
The proportion of self-employed people in the working population was 11.8 percent in 2008. More foreign-born than native-born were self-employed, 12.3 percent compared to 11.7 percent. The percentage of selfemployed persons was highest among those born in Asia. The gender differences are considerable in both the native-born and foreign-born groups. In both groups, twice as many men as women were selfemployed.
84
What is the percentage of self-employed persons among foreign-born with different periods of residence in Sweden?
Percentage of foreign-born self-employed persons (18-64 years) among the working population by period of residence in Sweden, 2008
Period of residence 0-2 years 3-4 years 5-9 years 10-19 year 20+ years Total Number Women 602 1034 2096 4313 8759 16804 Percent 7.5 8.1 6.8 5.3 6.7 6.4 Number Men 1041 1766 3679 9537 18808 34831 Percent 6.0 8.6 10.8 11.4 14.8 12.3 Total Number 1643 2800 5775 13850 27567 51635 Percent 6.5 8.4 8.9 8.4 10.7 9.5
The percentage of self-employed persons among foreign-born men increases the longer the period of residence in Sweden.
What is the age distribution among foreignborn and native-born self-employed persons?
Percentage of native-born and foreign-born self-employed persons (18-64 years) among the working population, by gender and age group, 2008
Women Age groups 18-24 years 25-44 years 45-64 years Total Native-born 1.1 4.3 6.9 5.1 Men Foreign-born Native-born Foreign-born 2.2 6.0 7.4 6.4 1.9 9.6 16.4 11.7 3.3 11.0 15.8 12.3
85
How well-educated are self-employed persons?

Level of education for foreign- and native-born self-employed persons, by gender, 18-64 years, 2008
Women Level of education Compulsory school Upper secondary Post-upper secondary No data available Total Native-born Foreign-born 13.1 51.7 35.1 0.1 100 18.2 41.0 38.2 2.6 100 Men Native-born Foreign-born 21.1 53.0 25.7 0.2 100 23.6 42.3 30.5 3.6 100
The percentage of both self-employed men and women with a post-upper secondary education is higher among foreign-born than among native-born.
86
Income
Are there big differences in income between native-born and foreign-born?
Combined income, 20-64 year-olds by gender in 2008, median values, SEK (thousands)
Women Native-born Foreign-born Total
Men 297 215 287
Total 262 191 253
232 172 225
Combined income by region of birth and gender in 2008, 20-64 year-olds, median values, SEK (thousands)
Asia
Men Women
Africa
Total
South America Europe excl EU 15 and Nordic region North America m
Oceania
EU 15 excl Nordic region
Nordic region excl. Sw eden 0 50 100 150 200 250 300
87
Combined income by period of residence and gender in 2008, 20-64 year-olds, median values, SEK (thousands)
350 Women 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Born in Sw eden 0-2 yrs in Sw eden 3-4 yrs in Sw eden 5-9 yrs in Sw eden 10-19 yrs in Sw eden 20- yr in Sw eden Men Total
Income increases the longer the period of residence in Sweden. People who have lived in Sweden for more than 20 years still have lower incomes than native-born. Foreign-born women have lower incomes compared to foreign-born men regardless of how long they have lived in Sweden.
88
Disposable income per unit of consumption, 1995-2008, by region of birth and number of years in Sweden. Median values in SEK (thousands) in 2008 year prices
250
200
150
100
50
Nordic region excl Sw eden Other countries Other EU15 + 6* Born in Sw eden 1995 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 21 - yrs in Sw eden
0
1995 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 1-10 yrs in Sw eden 1995 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 11-20 yrs in Sw eden
*) Australia, Japan, Canada, New Zealand, Switzerland, USA and EU 15 excl. Sweden, Denmark and Finland. Source: Statistics Sweden, Household Economics Unit
There are major differences in disposable income depending on where the person was born and how long s/he has lived in Sweden. Disposable income is lowest for persons born outside the Nordic region and Europe and highest among native-born. Disposable income has increased for all groups between 1995 and 2008 but the increase was largest for native-born.
89
Housing
How great is housing segregation?
A common way of measuring housing segregation is to calculate a segregation index 5 . A segregation index is a measure of the difference in housing patterns between one population group, foreign-born in this case, and the entire population. The index can vary between 0 and 100, where an index of 0 represents zero housing segregation while 100 represents maximum segregation. This way of calculating segregation indices is best used to describe trends over time and not to draw comparisons between different municipalities. The index is sensitive to differences in the size of municipal districts.
5 A segregation index is calculated using the following formula:
| p1 p | *100
i i
2(1 p1)
p1i = percentage of population category 1 who live in area i,

pi
= percentage of the population i who live in area i,
p1 = percentage of population category 1 in the whole municipality
90
Segregation index in three metropolitan areas, 19972009

50 45 40 35 30 25 20 1 5 1 0 5 0 1 997 1 998 1 999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
G tebo rg M alm Sto ckho lm 2007 2008 2009
Segregation has decreased in Greater Malm in recent years while the trend in Greater Stockholm is towards greater segregation. Segregation index in seven municipalities, 1997-2009
Karlskrona Borlnge Ume Vsters rebro Helsingborg Norrkping Uppsala
1 997 2009 0 5 1 0 1 5 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
91
Even the trends among medium-sized municipalities diverge. In Uppsala, segregation has decreased while it has increased in the other medium-sized municipalities.
Percentage of foreign-born per municipality, 1997 and 2009
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Stockholm Gteborg M alm Uppsala Helsingborg rebro Vsters Ume 2009 1997
92
What proportion of foreign-born and nativeborn are houseowners?

Form of housing, percentage distribution by region of birth, 2008 Proportion, percent
1 00 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 1 0 0
Rented housing Housing cooperative House Sw eden Nordic region EU/EFTA excl. Nordic region Rest of the w orld
Ethnic housing segregation can partly be explained by differences in the type of property native-born and foreign-born persons live in. Housing areas where foreign-born persons are overrepresented are, as a rule, areas that are also dominated by rented accommodation. The proportion of houseowners is just under 20 percent among foreign-born while the corresponding proportion among native-born is 56 percent.
93
Participation and election turnout

Are there differences in election turn-out between foreign-born and native-born?
General election turn-out in 2002 and 2006 by gender, foreignborn and native-born, parents origin and age Percentage turn-out of those eligible to vote
2002 Year Foreign-born 18-44 years 45- years Native-born With two foreignborn parents With one foreignborn parent With two nativeborn parents Total Women 68.4 64.5 71.5 82.7 62.5 83.1 83.3 81.4 Men 66 57.2 75.9 82.3 60.9 77.6 83.2 81 Total 67.3 60.8 73.4 82.5 61.6 80.4 83.2 81.2 Women 65.1 60.1 69.3 84.1 71.3 79.6 84.8 82.4 2006 Men 68.5 64.6 71.3 85.2 78.0 84.2 85.5 83.5 Total 66.9 62.5 70.4 84.7 74.4 81.8 85.1 82.9
Source: Statistics Sweden, the table is based on a recurrent sample survey on election turn-out produced by Statistics Sweden.
The difference in election turn-out between foreignborn and native-born was 17.8 percentage points in 2006. Younger people are clearly more inclined to vote than older people. In the native-born group, election turn-out differs depending on whether the parents are nativeborn or foreign-born. Among native-born with two foreign-born parents, 74.4 percent voted in 2006 while
94
the figure for those with two native-born parents was 85.1 percent.
General election turn-out in 2006 by gender and region of birth, percent

Region of birth Sweden Nordic region excl Sweden EU 25 excl Nordic region Europe excl EU 25 and Nordic region Africa Asia North America South America All
Women 85.2 73.4 72.0 60.8 56.2 67.0 76.7 74.9 83.5
Men 84.1 73.7 70.0 59.2 60.1 61.2 80.9 70.9 82.4
Total 84.7 73.5 71.2 59.9 58.3 64.2 78.8 73.0 82.9
The election turn-out estimates for foreign-born are based on relatively few observations and are therefore more unreliable.
95
General election turn-out in 2006 among foreign nationals who have become Swedish citizens, by gender and age, percent
Men Those who have become Swedish citizens 18 - 29 years 30 - 44 years 45 - 64 years 65 - years 18 - years Those who have always been Swedish citizens 18 - 29 years 30 - 44 years 45 - 64 years 65 - years 18 - years All 18 - years
Women
Total
58.7 68.2 70.3 68.6 67.0
60.9 72.2 75.2 66.4 70.1
59.8 70.2 72.9 67.3 68.6
76.6 84.7 87.4 85.5 84.4 82.4
81.5 88.1 90.8 78.7 85.4 83.5
79.0 86.4 89.1 81.7 84.9 82.9
How many foreign-born were nominated and elected to Parliament or to county council and municipal assemblies?
Elected to Parliament, 1982-2006
Native-born Foreign-born Total 1982 98.3 1.7 100 1985 98.3 1.7 100 1988 97.4 2.6 100 1991 98 2 100 1994 98 2 100 1998 98 2 100 2002 94.6 5.4 100 2006 95.1 4.9 100
96
Parliament, women
Nominated 1998 Total number Native-born Percent of total Foreign-born Percent of total Of whom: Africa Asia Europe excl Nordic region North America Nordic region excl Sweden South America Other countries 2197 2048 93.2 149 6.8 6 16 41 4 65 14 3 2002 2167 1962 90.5 205 9.5 9 46 61 5 58 22 4 2006 2436 2188 89.8 248 10.2 15 57 78 9 63 22 4 1998 149 144 96.6 5 3.4 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 Elected 2002 158 147 93.0 11 7.0 1 0 3 0 5 1 1 2006 165 157 95.2 8 4.8 0 3 1 1 2 1 0
Parliament Men
Nominated 1998 Total, number Native-born Percent of total Foreign-born Percent of total Of whom: Africa Asia Europe excl Nordic region North America Nordic region excl Sweden South America Other countries 3012 2827 93.9 185 6.1 9 36 63 1 57 17 2 2002 3072 2772 90.2 300 9.8 30 96 94 5 50 24 1 2006 3311 2948 89.0 363 11.0 39 101 115 10 68 29 1 1998 200 198 99.0 2 1.0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 Elected 2002 191 183 95.8 8 4.2 1 0 4 0 2 1 0 2006 184 175 95.1 9 4.9 0 1 6 0 1 1 0
97
County council assembly, women

Nominated 1998 Total number Native-born Percent of total Foreign-born Percent of total Of whom: Africa Asia Europe excl Nordic region North America Nordic region excl Sweden South America Other countries 5439 5043 92.7 396 7.3 11 41 91 10 225 15 3 2002 5110 4635 90.7 475 9.3 16 65 153 8 194 29 10 2006 5318 4774 89.8 544 10.2 17 92 184 11 192 39 9 1998 793 740 93.3 53 6.7 1 5 11 1 35 0 0 Elected 2002 784 724 92.3 60 7.7 1 10 16 1 29 2 1 2006 789 727 92.1 62 7.9 1 6 22 0 30 2 1
County council assembly, men

Nominated 1998 Total, number Native-born Percent of total Foreign-born Percent of total Of whom: Africa Asia Europe excl Nordic region North America Nordic region excl Sweden South America Other countries 6533 6073 93.0 460 7.0 27 67 159 12 157 32 6 2002 6325 5836 92.3 489 7.7 41 95 167 13 138 33 2 2006 6486 5914 91.2 572 8.8 58 114 198 18 136 44 4 1998 853 812 95.2 41 4.8 1 4 11 2 20 3 0 Elected 2002 872 818 93.8 54 6.2 3 13 16 1 17 4 0 2006 867 813 93.8 54 6.2 5 11 17 1 13 7 0
98
Municipal assembly, women

Nominated 1998 Total, number Native-born Percent of total Foreign-born Percent of total Of whom: Africa Asia Europe excl Nordic region North America Nordic region excl Sweden South America Other countries 21275 19624 92.2 1651 7.8 33 149 455 37 870 92 15 2002 2006 1998 5575 5221 93.7 354 6.3 4 23 95 8 202 19 3 Elected 2002 5624 5221 92.8 403 7.2 10 37 131 7 190 24 4 2006 5532 5100 92.2 432 7.8 10 57 140 6 189 27 3
20680 20937 18872 18910 91.3 90.3 1808 2027 8.7 9.7 44 226 571 41 771 132 23 66 306 676 50 767 136 26
Municipal assembly, men

Nominated 1998 Total, number Native-born Percent of total Foreign-born Percent of total Of whom: Africa Asia Europe excl Nordic region North America Nordic region excl Sweden South America Other countries 31562 29589 93.7 1973 6.3 110 297 627 61 719 145 14 2002 2006 1998 7813 7449 95.3 364 4.7 12 39 125 7 150 29 2 Elected 2002 7647 7193 94.1 454 5.9 25 75 158 9 158 28 1 2006 7546 7088 93.9 458 6.1 25 94 165 12 134 27 1
30368 30113 28184 27693 92.8 92.0 2184 2420 7.2 8.0 137 416 752 61 661 149 8 169 527 841 70 624 179 10
99
Health
Average percentage of persons (16 years and over) in different population groups who state they are in good health, 20082009, by gender and Swedish or foreign background
Men Foreign background: Foreign-born Native-born with two foreign-born parents Swedish background: Native-born with one native-born and one foreignborn parent Native-born with two native-born parents 78.1 87.2 Women 69.0 84.2 All 73.3 85.8
84.8 80.9
84.1 75.9
84.4 78.4
Source: Survey of living conditions (ULF survey), Statistics Sweden
Percentage of each group who state they are in poor or very poor health, by region of birth, 2000-2005. Predicted percentage based on
statistical models adjusted for social factors (socioeconomic group, form of housing and cash holdings).
Percent 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0
Sweden Sweden, both parents foreign-born EU-1 5+* Rest of Europe Outside Europe
The part which is co rrected fo r when taking into acco unt so cial facto rs
The part which remains after co rrectio n and which reflects the impo rtance o f the regio n o f birth
Source: Public Health Report 2009, National Board of Health and Welfare * )In addition to EU 15, this includes North America, Australia and New Zealand
100
Average percentage of persons (16 years and over) in each group who state they are in difficulty, 2008-2009, by gender
Difficulty sleeping Troubled by anxiety, worry Troubled by anxiety, worry Considerable pain Serious problem with long-term illness Native-born
Foreign-born
Native-born
Foreign-born
Native-born
Foreign-born
Native-born
Foreign-born
Native-born
Foreign-born
M en
Wo men
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
101
Average percentage of persons (16 years and over) with different disabilities, 2008-2009, by gender and Swedish and foreign background
Visual impairment Hearing impairment Physical disability
Native-born
Foreign-born
Native-born
Foreign-born
Native-born
Foreign-born Men 0 10 20 30 Women 40
102
Average percentage of persons (16 years and over) in each group who are obese, use oral smokeless tobacco (OST) every day and smoke every day, 2008-2009, by gender and Swedish and foreign background
Native-born Obese Foreign-born Take OST daily Smoke daily Native-born Foreign-born Native-born Foreign-born Men 0 10 20 30 Women 40
103
What percentage of native-born and foreignborn have health insurance?

Persons registered as having health insurance in December 2009 by region of birth and gender, 19-64 years, number
Region of birth Number of persons registered as having health insurance Women Sweden Nordic region excl Sweden EU 27 excl Nordic region Other European countries Sub-Saharan Africa Asia excl Middle East Middle East, North Africa and Turkey North America South America Oceania All 2 239 476 87 861 72 067 70 562 25 193 59 102 95 865 8 710 24 871 904 2 684 611 Men 2 335 877 68 286 65 639 63 520 25 986 32 773 116 348 9 613 23 289 1 640 2 742 971 All 4 575 353 156 147 137 706 134 082 51 179 91 875 212 213 18 323 48 160 2 544 5 427 582
Source: Social insurance in figures 2010, National Social Insurance Office
Of the over 7.5 million people (16 years and over) registered as having health insurance at the National Social Insurance Office in 2009, 85 percent are nativeborn while 15 percent are foreign-born.
104
Estimated percentage of persons (19-64 years) insured for sickness benefit aged 19-64 in 2009
Region of birth Sweden Nordic region excl Sweden EU 27 excl Nordic region Other European countries Sub-Saharan Africa Asia excl Middle East Middle East, North Africa and Turkey North America South America Oceania All Women 89 79 75 72 60 72 56 75 78 74 86 Men 90 79 81 79 69 78 70 80 83 82 88 All 89 79 78 75 65 74 64 78 80 79 87
The percentage of persons insured for sickness benefit out of all those registered as insured is highest among native-born and lowest among foreign-born. Around 89 percent of native-born women and 90 percent of nativeborn men are eligible for income-related support, such as sickness benefit, maternity allowance and temporary parental allowance. The percentage of women and men insured for sickness benefit born in the Middle East, North Africa and Turkey is 56 and 70 percent respectively. The main explanation for this is that persons born in these regions have a poorer connection to the labour market than native-born. There is no exact data on the percentage of persons insured for sickness benefit.
105
Percentage of the population receiving sickness and activity allowance by region of birth in December 2009, agestandardised values
Region of birth Sweden Nordic region excl Sweden EU 27 excl Nordic region Other European countries Sub-Saharan Africa Asia excl Middle East Middle East, North Africa and Turkey North America South America Oceania All Women 9.8 12.6 11.9 17.2 10.1 8.9 16.1 6.4 13.1 6.8 86 Men 6.3 10.0 7.9 13.0 7.2 7.5 12.0 4.9 7.9 4.0 88
The number of persons receiving sickness or activity allowance in December 2009 was 498 000, 60 percent of whom were women and 40 percent were men. Nearly 9 percent of the 19-64 year population have completely or partly left the labour market for health reasons and receive sickness or activity allowance. The percentage increases with age. In all age-groups over 25 years, more women than men receive allowance. In the 60-64 age group, the proportion of the population receiving sickness or activity allowance is 31 percent for women and 21 percent for men. The percentage receiving sickness or activity allowance varies for persons born in different regions of the world and depends on factors such as different health, life and work conditions.
106
Sources
Demography Pages 11-27: Population statistics and the STATIV database, Statistics Sweden Education Pages 28-29: National Agency for Education Pages 30-32: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden Pages 33-38: Born in Sweden - but still different? and the STATIV database, Statistics Sweden Pages 39-41: Education register, Statistics Sweden Pages 42-49: Higher education statistics, Statistics Sweden For further information please see the Statistics Sweden report Foreign background for students in higher education, 2008/09 The labour market Pages 51-63, 72-75 and 77-80: Labour Force Surveys (LFS), Statistics Sweden Page 64: Born in Sweden - but still different?, Statistics Sweden Pages 65-67: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden Pages 68-71: OECD, International Migration Outlook 2010
107
Page 64: Register-based labour market statistics (RAMS), Statistics Sweden Pages 81-83: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden Income Pages 84-86: Household Economics and income registers, Statistics Sweden Housing Pages 87-91: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden Participation and election turn-out Pages 92-97: General elections, Statistics Sweden Health Pages 98-104: - Survey of living conditions (ULF survey), Statistics Sweden - Social insurance in figures 2010, National Social Insurance Office - Public Health Report 2009, National Board of Health and Welfare
108
POCKET FACTS 2010 Statistics on integration

trn: A11.003
Statistics showing the differences and similarities between people with different countries of birth or backgrounds can help us to discover, highlight and prevent inequality and discrimination. Statistics are also a tool for monitoring integration policy objectives and can be used as a basis for decision-makers. In addition to statistics, Pocket Facts also provides answers to many questions about integration asked in society by the general public, politicians and journalists. You can download Pocket Facts at www.sweden.gov.se as a PDF file.
7 8
ISBN 978-91-633-8060-0
Ministry of Employment in Sweden
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POCKET FACTS 2010

2006 2007 2008

Pocket Facts 2010 Integration Statistics

Swedish integration policy

Concepts and terms

Source: Statistics Sweden

Migration to Sweden 19002009 (in 1000s)

Source: Statistics Sweden

Source: Statistics Sweden

Births and deaths 1960-2009 and forecast for 2010-2060 Number

Source: Statistics Sweden

Immigration and birth surplus 1980-2009 Number in 1000s

-10 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Source: Statistics Sweden

Source: Statistics Sweden

Clo se family/A do pted child

Source: Swedish Migration Board

Source: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden

Connection to unaccompanied children Granted residence permits to unaccompanied children

Source: Swedish Migration Board

Which continents do migrants to Sweden come from?

No rdic regio n Rest o f Euro pe S A merica A frica

Source: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden

Source: Statistics Sweden

Population by age, gender and region of birth, 2009

Women 240 279

Men 236 093

Women 298 789

Source: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden

What percentage of the population have a foreign background?

S we dis h ba c k gro und 8 1%

Number and percentage of women 2005-2009, by background

Source: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden

Percentage of men in the population in 2009 by background

S we dis h ba c k gro und 8 1%

Number and percentage of men 2005-2009, by background

Source: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden

Which group of migrants has lived the longest in Sweden?

Source: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden

What are the 20 largest groups of foreign-born in the Swedish population?

Source: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden

Source: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden

Municipalities in Sweden with the lowest proportions of foreignborn, 2009

Source: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden

Source: National Agency for Education

Source: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden

Source: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden

Source: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden

Source: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden

Total 90.0 85.7 78.0 77.4 78.3 75.4 59.4 56.5

Source: STATIV database, Statistics Sweden

Source: Born in Sweden - but still different?, Statistics Sweden

Source: Born in Sweden - but still different?, Statistics Sweden

Source: Born in Sweden - but still different?, Statistics Sweden

Upper secondary school

Source: Born in Sweden - but still different?, Statistics Sweden

Source: Born in Sweden - but still different?, Statistics Sweden

Choice of programmes in upper secondary school

Source: Born in Sweden - but still different?, Statistics Sweden

Source: Born in Sweden - but still different?, Statistics Sweden

Source: Born in Sweden - but still different?, Statistics Sweden

Source: Born in Sweden - but still different?, Statistics Sweden