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ARADO, LUCILLE B.

MRS. CYNTHIA SUPERABLE

BACKGROUND:

EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH TEACHING ON SELF MANAGEMENT TO HYPERTENSIVE PATIENT

Hypertension is one of the most common worldwide disease afflicting humans. Because of the associated morbidity and mortality and the cost society, hypertension is an important public health challenge. Over the past several decade extensive research, widespread patient education, and a concerted effort of the part of the health care professionals have lead to decrease mortality and morbidity rates from the multiple organ damage arising years of untreated hypertension. It is the most important modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease, end stage rend stage and peripheral vascular disease. Therefore, health care professionals must not only indentified and treat patients with hypertension but also promote healthy lifestyle sand preventive strategies to decrease the prevalence of hypertension in general population. Countless epidemiological surveys have shown that there are striking inters individuals and inter population differences in blood pressure in most but not all population blood pressure generally rises with age from youth into older age. The

exceptions are isolated proliferated groups in remote locations where average systolic and diastolic blood pressure are optional at all adult ages, ,manifesting little or no upward slope with age and where lifestyle differ markedly compared to those on other population worldwide. High blood pressure is one of the

most prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular disease affecting as many as 800 million people worldwide. It is estimated that at least 80 percent of people with high blood pressure may also have other uncontrolled cardiovascular risk factor. With elevate cholesterol being the most death from the heart disease rank first as cause of death in the Philippines. According to the National Nutrition and Health survey, seven million Filipinos suffer from hypertension. Department of health data shows only 13.6 percent of hypertension cause minimal or no symptoms at all. Patients must be cautioned that hypertension is a very serious problem and proper treatment should not be ignored. Compliance to treatment is crucial to ensure that hypertension is managed and to also avoid further heart complication which could eventually lead to death. Most doctor agree that managing hypertension is the most cost effective means of avoiding heart disease and death.

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

Dorothea Orem (Self Care Theory) Defines self-care as a activity that promotes the personals well being into which it is performed by the persons to maintain life, continue personal development and attain a healthy functional living. To attain self-care, Orem designed eight universal requisites that must be

undertaken in order for an individual to function in scope of a healthy living. Three of the eight requisites that she listed were the maintenance of balance of a sufficient intake of food, maintenance of balance of balance between activity and rest and the prevention of hazard to human life, human functioning and human well being.

Conceptual framework: Yap (2007) stated that health is a prime concern of those in the medical allied health science since the early days. Scientific breakthrough continue to have an impact on our daily live as they try to improve the quality of life. Researcher are being funded so as to find cure and remedies for all kinds of ailments especially in our age where stress and burnout often become major causes of illness. It maybe a clich to say that health is wealth, yet it is true. There is no substitute for good health because a healthy well-being makes possible for us to achieve everything that we want in life. Hypertension. The heart beat about 100,000 times a day. Each time our heart beats, blood is pump through the various blood vessels into the body. The blood pressure is defined as the pressure the blood the blood exert on the vessel wall maybe damaged. Hypertension is a condition where the blood pressure is constantly higher than normal. This possesses a serious health risk because it force the heart to work extra load. Hypertension is a medical condition in which constricted arterial vessels increase the resistance to blood flow, causing an increase in blood pressure against the vessel wall. If the condition persist, damaged to the heart and blood vessel is likely,

increasing the risk for stroke, heart attack, and kidney or heart failure. Often called the silent killer hypertension usually cause no symptoms until it reaches a life threatening stage. (Wikipedia 2008)

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM:

Respondent Self-management Practices -Diet -exercise -medication

Health Teaching On Self-management Practices

Respondent self-one Practices -Diet -Exercise -Medication

Pretest

Treatment

Post-test

STATE OF PROBLEM:

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of health teaching on self-management to hypertensive patient. 1.) What is the respondents level of self-care management

practices on the diet, exercise, medication, before the treatment? 2.) What is the respondent level of self-care management

practices on the diet, exercises, medication after the treatment?

3.)

Is there a significant difference on the respondent

self-care practices before and after treatment?

HYPHOTHESIS: 1.) There is no a significant difference on the respondent

self-care practices before and after treatment.

SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY

The researcher find this study in determining the effectiveness of health teaching on self management practices to hypertensive patient. It will provide understanding the role of knowledge and acceptance on hypertension among hypertensive patient as to sign and symptoms and management it will determine the significant relationship between the respondents knowledge their health seeking behavior. It can be used a vehicle to develop knowledge to hypertensive individuals around the world. This study may also benefit the family of the hypertensive patient who serve as their respondents inspiration in following their daily regimen. Furthermore the family will also serve as a support system as to patients acceptance to audition. Community Health Nurse may use the findings of this study to help patient develop more effective mechanism for coping stress. Through the finding of the study, the Community Health Nurse may also offer their help to hypertensive patient to see opportunities to change their habit and improve their healthy lifestyle.

This study would also serve as a springboard for other researchers to conduct studies of similar nature involving the role of knowledge, acceptance and health seeking behavior in relation to hypertension.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study assessed the effectiveness of Health teaching on self-management practices to hypertensive patient. A researcher made instrument was used to gather pertinent data information which contains three parts. Part I indentified the respondents knowledge on hypertensive as to sign and symptoms and management. Part II looked into their acceptance of the disease. Part III assessed awareness to their health seeking as to diet, exercise, medicine, and lifestyle. To assess respondents knowledge, acceptance, and healthseeking behavior, questionnaires were distributed to the target respondents who were asked to honestly answer the questions. All questionnaires were collected, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted based on the result of findings. To determine if there is a significant relationship between the respondents level of knowledge and their health-seeking behavior and between acceptance to their hypertension and the respondents health seeking behavior.

DEFINATION OF TERMS: Management: it refers to the skills in handling oneself as to

sign and symptoms and treatment designed especially for his/her condition.

RELATED LITERATURE: Hitti and Hodas (2008) reaching and maintaining a healthy weight helps treat or prevent high blood pressure (hypertension), and a healthy diet and lifestyle can maximize health preventive measure in hypertension. The new research review doesnt change any of that. The receivers arent suggesting taking weight loss pills instead of making lifestyle changes. The reviewers analyzed data from weight loss of adult (1) diet and high blood pressure: The study which lasted six months. During that time the dietitian estimated the population, then studied about the points of diastolic blood pressure (the second number on a blood pressure reading), compared with those who didnt eat, (2) weight loss during drugs and high blood pressure: in most of those drug the patient has also an prescribed diet and physical activities. Colinans and Klodas (2007) says that if parents have hypertension history the heirs would have likely to received the encases, he will also have hypertension. Men with both parents with hypertension or men with one patient who has hypertension before the age 55 years had a much a higher risk of developing hypertension, especially at a younger age, according to the study.

Here are some finding: (1) Men whose parents had hypertension were four times more likely to develop it themselves by age 40 compare with men whose parents that not have high blood pressure, (2) men whose parents developed high blood pressure at age 55 or younger age, seven times more likely to develop hypertension to themselves throughout their adult life compared with those without a parent with high blood pressure, (3) men with both parents who had early onset of high blood pressure were 20 times more likely to developed it themselves by the times they turned 35, compared with men whose parents had normal blood pressure. According to the study, the finding snows that the important factor that the doctor to check with patients are especially younger ones, about whether their parents have high blood pressure. Brunne and Suddarths (2008) speculated that between 25 percent and 31 percent of the adult have hypertension of the population, 90 percent have primary hypertension, high blood pressure from an unidentified causes the remaining the 5 percent to 10 percent of this group has secondary hypertension. This cause includes narrowing of the renal arteries, renal parenchyma, hyperaldos teronism (Mineralocorticoia hypertension), certain medication pregnancy and coagulation of the aorta. Although no precise cause can be identified for most cases of hypertension, if is understood that hypertension is a multi-factorial condition. Because hypertension is a sign, it is most likely to have many causes. Single gene mutations have identified for a few rare types of hypertension.

Press (2001) hypertension also may cause changes in the cardiopulmonary reflex initially, the inhibitory influence of the cardiopulmonary reflexes may increase at that of the arterial baroreceptor is reduced. In this studies, found increased B-adrenergic receptors density and no change in affinity in renal hypertensive, but decreased receptors density in spontaneously hypertensive, again with no change affinity. Clinical trials have demonstrated that ace inhibitors result in significant decreased in arterial pressure in many patients with essential hypertension. In patient mild essential hypertension, ace inhibitors alone produce a no percent reduction in supine diastolic pressure. Lefever keeand hayes (2003) according to joyce lefever keeand evelyn hayes by the age of 60 years, more than half of the older population has hypertension. Of those more 60 years of age, most have systolic hypertension, and only 26 percent of these adult have their blood pressure controlled to the recommend level of 140/90mmHg. Systolic and/or diastolic hypertensions are associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. With anti hypertensive therapy, the greatest decrease cardiovascular disorder is 34 percent for stroke and 19 percent for coronary heart disease. There are many non-pharmacologic drugs or way to decrease blood pressure; (1) stress reduction technique, (2) exercise (increase high-density lipoprotein [HDL]), (3) salt restriction, (4) decreased alcohol ingestion, (5) weight reduction. When hypertension cannot be controlled, however, non-pharmacologic methods should be combined with antihypertensive drug to control hypertension.

All drugs considered initial agent when first descrived. Antihypertensive drugs, used either singly or in combined with other drugs, are classified into six categories; (1) diuretic, (2) sympatholytics (sympathetic depressants), (3) direct-acting Arteriolar vasodilators, (4) agiotensin antagonist, (5) angiotensin II receptor antagonist, and (6) calcium channel blockers. Kaplan (2000) express the view in concern the preceding analysis of the uncontrolled clinical trials or the treatment of mild hypertension, according to at least 90 percent of clinicians the threshold of treatment. In administering drug therapy , the first is that it is preventive, again based on the demonstrated evidence for the benefit of therapy for more severe hypertension. The

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