The History of Information Systems in Business

Year 1970s Main activities Mainframe computers were used Computers and data were centralized Systems were tied to a few business functions: payroll, inventory, billing Main focus was to automate existing processes PCs and LANs are installed Departments set up own computer systems End-user computing with Word Processors and Spreadsheets makes departments less dependent on the IT department Main focus is automating existing processes Wide Area Networks (WANs) become corporate standards Senior management looks for system integration and data integration. No more stand-alone systems. Main focus is central control and corporate learning Wide Area Networks expand via the Internet to include global enterprises and business partners supply chain and distribution Senior management looks for data sharing across systems. Main focus is efficiencies and speed in inventory, manufacturing, distribution Skills required Programming in COBOL

1980s

PC support, basic networking

1990s

Network support, systems integration, database administration

2000s

Network support, systems integration

R IS IK O -S U M M A R Y
F IX E D P R IC E P R OJE C T T & M (W IT H U P P E R L IM IT )
Cu sto m er: V o lu m e: Resp o n sib le: O p p . No C RM : X Y NE W S 1000 T US D Pau l R ed d itt Pro ject: NN S W Perio d e:00.2003 - 00.2003 A rea: 0 D ate: M ed ia 25/7/03

In d icato r
E s tim ation and R equirem ents

R isk
low 1. Requirem ent S pec ific ation 2. P rojec t es tim ation 3. Tim etable 4. Change M anagem ent P ro c edure

D escrip tio n
m edium 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 2 1 high

x
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

F acto r =
5 = 5 = 3 = 3 = 2 = 4 = 1 = 3 = 1 = 5 = 3 = 4 = 2 = 3 1 = 2 = 3 = 2 = 5 = 2 = 4 = 5

R isklevel
5 5 3 3 6 12 2 6 1 5 6 4 4 3 1 4 6 2 5 4 4 5 4 100 210

Com plex ity

1. Tec hnic al C om plex ity 2. M is s ion Critic al S olution 2. Intergration of S y s tem s 4. P roduc ts (S A P , Hardw are, other S oftw are) 5. G eographic dis trib ution of c ontrac t / ac tivities

P rojec t s taffing

1. P rojec tleader 2. P rojec t team 3. E x perienc e projec t team

Cus tom er

1. E x perienc e w ith the c us tom er 2. K now How of the c us tom er 3. Cus tom er Com m itm ent c onc erning S A P s tandards 1

Third parties

1. P erc entage of Third P arties s ervic es 2. Third party - Contribution to projec t s uc c es s 3. E x perienc e w ith the third party 4.C ontrac tual bas is w ith third party 1 1

2 2

x x x x

Contrac t

1. Contrac t 2. A c c eptanc e proc edure 3. P enalties 4. Data protec tion 1 1 1

x x

4 =

Total M A X IMU M Risk-ra tin g #V A L UE! AB C R a tin g P ro p o se d risk fa cto r

M E D IUM 0

A
10%