Complete Syllabus of MSC MB

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology
FACULTY MEMBERS
Sl.No. 1.
Name Dr.Kiran.B
Designation Head of the Department
Qualification M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D.
2. 3. 4.
Mrs. Amudha.C.K Mrs. Soumya.S Mrs.Leelavathy
Lecturer Lecturer Lecturer
M.Sc., M.Phil. M.Sc. M.Sc., M.Phil.
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OBJECTIVES OF THE DEPARTMENT VISION: The Department seeks to sustain and enhance its excellence as an outstanding department in teaching, training, research, consultancy and extension to produce well-evolved graduates with tremendous ability to provide leadership in the society and world at large. MISSION: To involve more experts from the respective fields for further improvement in teaching, research and academic excellence To provide state of art library and laboratory facilities To organize guest lectures to supplement the knowledge and information To develop team sprit and co-operation among students To assist the students to in placements and a achieving promising career To adopt academic activities to meet the ever changing needs of the society and industry Challenge students to seek experience that nurture and validate their professional identities and social responsibilities To improve efficiency and promote pro-active participation of students at all levels To optimize the use of resources to improve efficiency ADMISSION ELIGIBILITY B.Sc. Degree of Bangalore University or any other University equivalent there of with 50% marks (45% for SC/ST) in all the three optional in aggregate. The applicant should have studied Chemistry/ Biochemistry as an optional subject along with any one of the following subjects: A: Optional Subjects: (a) Biotechnology (b) Botany/ Applied Botany (c) Zoology/ Applied Zoology (d) Microbiology / Industrial Microbiology (e) Genetics /Applied Genetics (f) Sericulture (g) Environmental Sciences (h) Life science/ Biological Science (i) Home Science B. The following graduates are also eligible to apply a) Bachelor in Agricultural Sciences b) Bachelor in Horticulture
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c) Bachelor in Fisheries d) Bachelor in Dairy Sciences e) Bachelor in Forestry f) B. Sc. Hon. in Biotechnology, Microbiology, Botany, Zoology or Biology g) B.Sc. Biotechnology, B.Sc. Biotechnology (integrated course) Students who have studied the courses mentioned in B.Sc. are eligible provided they have studied Chemistry/ Biochemistry as one of the papers. The average marks scored in all optional subjects will be considered for eligibility. STRUCTURE AND CURRICULUM The Semester pattern will be adopted. Each academic year will consist of two semesters.
SCHEDULE
ODD SEMESTER 2 week of September to 4th week of December 16 6 6 8.30 a.m. to 3.00 p.m.
nd
EVEN SEMESTER 3rd week of July to 2nd week of December 16 6 6 8.30 a.m. to 3.00 p.m.
Duration No. of Working Weeks No of days per week No of hours per day Timings
EVALUATION For the course, there will be both Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) and End Semester Examination (ESE) with weightage in the ratio of 40:60. I CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (CIA): EVALUATION PATTERN 1. THEORY PAPERS: Maximum marks 100 (40 marks for Internal assessment and 60 marks for End Semester Examinations) Break up for internal assessment: Test 1 - 10 marks Test 2 - 10 marks Assignments - 10 marks Other academic activities proposed by the Department and approved by the Principal 10 marks 2. PRACTICALS: Maximum marks 100 (40 marks for internal assessment and 60 marks for End Semester Examinations)
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Break up for internal assessment Mock practical 30 marks Viva 10 marks Break up for End Semester Examinations: Practical performance: 40 marks Viva - 10 marks Record - 10 marks 3. PROJECTS: Maximum of 100 marks (40 marks for Internal assessment and 60 marks for End Semester Examinations) Break up for internal assessment: Department to decide and approved by Principal Break up for End Semester examinations: Project Report - 30 marks Project viva 30 marks II END SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS (ESE) a. ELIGIBILITY: A minimum of 85% attendance in each subject is mandatory. A student should have applied for the examination by paying the prescribed fee and submitting the filled in application form to the Office of the Controller of Examinations within the due date. A minimum of 20 marks out of 40 for PG in Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) in each subject is required to appear for the End Semester Examinations (ESE). b. QUESTION PAPER SETTING AND EVALUATION(THEORY): Two question papers (of 100 marks each and of 3 hours duration) and their scheme of examination will be set in each subject by external examiners. The pattern of the question paper will be as per the requirement of the individual course. The answer scripts will be valued by one external and one internal examiner. The average marks of both the valuations will be considered for declaring the results. In case of a difference of more than 20 marks between both the valuations, the script is referred for Board valuation (third valuation) which is taken into consideration for declaring the results. c. QUESTION PAPER SETTING AND EVALUATION (PRACTICALS): All practical examinations will have two examiners viz., one external examiner and one internal examiner. The question paper will be set for 60 marks. The duration of the examinations will be for 4 hours. d. CHALLENGE VALUATION:
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Provision will be made for the revaluation of answer scripts on request by the student. Application for revaluation will have to be submitted within 7 days of announcement of results and on payment of the revaluation fees. The revaluation will be done by an external examiner
(other than the original evaluators).There will be no revaluation for practical examinations. e. PASS REQUIREMENT: A minimum of 50% in each subject (theory and practicals) separately both in CIA and ESE is mandatory. Note: Exemption, may be given for participation in co-curricular, extracurricular, sports and other activities subject to the fulfilment of other required conditions. f. DECLARATION OF CLASS Class will be awarded taking the aggregate of all the subjects Distinction 75% and above First Class 60% to 74.9% Second Class 50% to 59.9 g. RANKS Top 10 % ranks will be declared on the basis of aggregate marks of all the semesters / years put together for each course Students are not eligible for ranks :When they have not cleared any paper in the first attempt, When they have been booked for malpractice h. ISSUE OF MARKS CARDS After the declaration of semester results, students are issued a marks statement by the institution. i. AWARD OF DEGREE CERTIFICATE On successful completion of the course, the degree certificate is awarded by the Bangalore University.
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DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE DEPARTMENT Microbiology is the study of living organisms of microscopic size, which includes Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa and the infectious agents at the boarder line of life that are called viruses. It is concerned with their forms, structure, reproduction, physiology, metabolism and their classification. It includes the study of their distribution in nature and their relationship to each other and to other living organisms, their effects on human beings and on other animals and plants, their abilities to make physical and chemical changes in our environment and their reaction to physical and chemical agents. If you were to dust your desk and shake your dust cloth over the surface of a medium designed for growing microorganisms, after a day or so you would find a variety of organisms growing on the medium. If you were to cough onto such a medium or make fingerprints on it, you would later find a different assortment of microorganisms growing on the medium. Thus microorganisms have a close association with humans. As we enter the next century, microbiology continues to play an important role in our world. There is a wide scope in the field of medical microbiology, new and emerging infections such as the Ebola virus and drug resistant bacteria continue to plague and perplex scientists. Although smallpox and a few other diseases have been effectively eliminated, there has been a resurgence of tuberculosis, polio, and other diseases that once were thought conquered. Infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death in the world. Diseases such as Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), destroy our bodys immune system and affect million of people worldwide.
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Scope of Microbiology in agriculture and food industry is enormous. Certain bacteria are in symbiotic association with plants called legumes. In this association, the bacterium converts (fixed) atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen-containing chemical compounds, which can then be used by the plants as a sources of nitrogen. Crop rotation between legumes and non-legumes is one method by which farmers replenish the soil with nitrogen without using expensive chemical fertilizers that may be environmentally damaging. Cheeses, yogurt, buttermilk, sauerkraut, pickles, and beer are examples of foods and beverages prepared using microorganisms. Yeast, a rich source of proteins, is being considered as a possible major source of food for human consumption in a world where traditional food supplies may become inadequate for a rapid growing population. The training in the core areas of Microbiology needs to be highly specialised and our department believes in imparting knowledge and hands on skills which goes beyond the syllabus and curriculum. Faculty: The department fosters a highly qualified, dedicated and motivated team of faculty members with Ph.D. and M.Phil. degrees who are self starters and believe in imparting the best of theoretical and practical knowledge to the students by crossing the boundaries of time and curriculum. Pedagogy: We make use of the latest technological aids and equipments to put across the concepts of molecular biology, immunology, biochemical pathways, fermentation and medical microbiology, in a lucid and innovative manner to the students. Models, animations CDs and software regarding the workings of various modern analytical instruments simulate their live functioning. Advanced numerical methods of analysis enable the students to acquire, interpret and report scientific data precisely and accurately. They are trained in reviewing scientific books critically and analysing the data and literature elucidated therein, which horns their writing skills. They also train in writing reviews of the latest instrumental techniques and various other tools of genetic engineering. These activities introduce them to the intricacies of acquiring, interpreting and understanding scientific connotations. Research and Consultancy: Our students are encouraged to undertake project works in the department as well as in collaboration with external research organisations (eg., Astra Zeneca, Biocon, NIMHANS, etc.), although it is not a part of their curriculum. Summer and mid semester projects are a regular feature among the students. Faculty also take up minor and major projects as a part of their higher studies (M.Phil. and Ph.D.) as well as consultancy work and many such schemes have been successfully implemented and completed during the past few years. Laboratory facilities: The department boasts of spacious and well equipped laboratories with trained lab personnel to assist the students in their practical and project work. PCR, fermentor, computerised spectrophotometer, plant tissue culture facilities, refrigerated centrifuges, etc. are some of the state of art equipments available in the labs for the students hands on training.
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Library: The library houses nearly 2000 books and 20 journals related to the field of Life Sciences which help the students to grasp basic scientific concepts and also to keep them abreast of current global research. Internet facility is available for speedy access and retrieval of scientific information. Books are loaned to students and faculty through the well stocked departmental library too. Value added programs: We propose to introduce value added programs in the areas of Clinical Research, Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Health engineering, Drug designing, Advanced Analytical Instrumentation, etc. in a phased manner from the current academic year onwards. In house and well as specialised faculty from reputed Governmental and private research organisations will be conducting these programs as resource persons. Guest lectures: These are a regular feature in the department. Scientists and resource persons from reputed organisations like IISc., GKVK, Biocon, NAL, UAS, etc. deliver lectures at our campus and interact with students updating them on the latest facts of the scientific world. Industrial visits: Students are periodically taken for industrial visits to various organisations where current research in being carried out in their areas of interest and study. These enable them to comprehend scientific skills on site and also view the latest state of art equipments available in the market and their current applications. Soft skills training programs: Programs aimed at personality development, understanding corporate work culture and fostering team activities are conducted during the semester to mould the overall personality of the students. Club activities: The department has a club which conducts interdepartmental competitions like paper and poster presentations, and also other competitions in the lighter vein too. Extension activities: Students and faculty of the department are aware of their social responsibilities and fulfil their community obligations by visiting orphanages, senior citizens homes and government schools. They interact with the inmates at various levels and distribute eatables and other articles of utility by contributing a token amount towards the purchase of these materials. Placements: Our placement cell is very actively involved in placing the students in different organisations and research institutes as per their choice and interest which helps them to kick start a promising career in the field of Microbiology. We have set our standards high and every departmental activity is student centred and aims at motivating the students to achieve these standards.
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Course Structure CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), Bangalore I semester M.Sc., Microbiology Course structure PAPER CODE 1 MMB 01 1 MMB 02 1 MMB 03 1 MMB 04 TITLE OF THE PAPER Microbial Diversity Bacteriology and Virology Phycology & Mycology Microbiological Techniques
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Microbial Diversity and Bacteriology and Virology Phycology, Mycology & Microbiological Techniques Project-1
1 MMB 05P 1 MMB 06P 1 MMB PR1
CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), Bangalore II semester M.Sc., Microbiology Course structure PAPER CODE 2 MMB 01 2 MMB 02 2 MMB 03 2 MMB 04 2MMB 05P 2 MMB 06P 1 MMB PR1 Microbial Genetics Microbial physiology Immunology Biostatistics, bioinformatics, Research methodology and Bioethics Microbial physiology and Microbial genetics Immunology and Bioinformatics Project-1 TITLE OF THE PAPER
CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), Bangalore II semester M.Sc., Microbiology Value Added Course Course structure PAPER CODE 1 MMB07V 1 MMB07VP TITLE OF THE PAPER Food Science and Nutrition Food Science and Nutrition
CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), Bangalore III semester M.Sc., Microbiology Course structure
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PAPER CODE 3 MMB 01 3 MMB 02 3 MMB 03 3 MMB 04 3MMB 05P 3 MMB 06P 1 MMB PR 1 TITLE OF THE PAPER Molecular biology Recombinant DNA Technology Environmental Microbiology Food Microbiology Molecular Biology and Recombinant DNA Technology Environmental and Food Microbiology Project I
CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), Bangalore IV semester M.Sc., Microbiology Course structure PAPER CODE 4 MMB 01 4 MMB 02 4MMB 03 4 MMB 04 4MMB 05P 4 MMB 06P 1 MMB PR 1 TITLE OF THE PAPER Agricultural Microbiology Medical Microbiology Industrial Microbiology Fermentation technology Agricultural and Medical Microbiology Microbial and Fermentation Technology Project I
CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), Bangalore IV semester M.Sc., Microbiology Value Added Course Course structure PAPER CODE 2 MMB07V 2 MMB07VP TITLE OF THE PAPER Molecular Diagnostics Molecular Diagnostics
CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), Bangalore I semester M.Sc., Microbiology
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I SEMESTER Marks Distribution PAPER CODE TITLE OF THE PAPER NO. OF HOURS Per week Total 4 1 MMB 01 1 MMB 02 Microbial Diversity Bacteriology and Virology Phycology & Mycology Microbiological Techniques Microbial Diversity and Bacteriology and Virology Phycology, Mycology & Microbiological Techniques Project-1 TOTAL 4 4 52 52 60 60 40 40 100 100 52 MARKS ESE 60 CIA 40 TOTAL 100
1 MMB 03
52
60
40
100
1 MMB 04
120
60
40
100
1 MMB 05P
120
60
40
100
1 MMB 06P
1 MMB PR1
6 38
90 538 360 NA 240 600
CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), Bangalore II semester M.Sc., Microbiology Marks Distribution PAPER CODE TITLE OF THE PAPER NO. OF HOURS Per week 2 MMB 01 2 MMB 02 2 MMB 03 2 MMB 04 Microbial Genetics Total ESE MARKS CIA TOTAL
52
60
40
100
Microbial physiology
52
60
40
100
Immunology Biostatistics, bioinformatics, Research methodology and Bioethics
52
60
40
100
52
60
40
100
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2MMB 05P 2 MMB 06P 1 MMB PR1 Microbial physiology and Microbial genetics Immunology and Bioinformatics Project-1 TOTAL 8 6 120 90 NA 38 538 360 240 600 60 40 100 8 120 60 40 100
CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), Bangalore II semester M.Sc., Microbiology Value Added Course Marks Distribution TITLE OF THE PAPER NO. OF HOURS Per week Food Science and Nutrition Food Science and Nutrition TOTAL 2 3 5 Total 40 30 70 ESE 60 60 120 MARKS
PAPER CODE
CIA 40 40 80
TOTAL 100 100 200
1 MMB07 V 1 MMB07VP
CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), Bangalore III semester M.Sc., Microbiology Marks Distribution PAPER CODE TITLE OF THE PAPER NO. OF HOURS Per Total week 4 52 4 4 4 8 52 52 52 120 MARKS ESE 60 60 60 60 60 CIA 40 40 40 40 40 TOTAL 100 100 100 100 100
3 MMB 01 3 MMB 02 3 MMB 03 3 MMB 04 3MMB 05P 3 MMB 06P 1 MMB PR 1
Molecular biology Recombinant DNA Technology Environmental Microbiology Food Microbiology Molecular Biology and Recombinant DNA Technology Environmental and Food Microbiology Project I
8 6
120 90
60
40
100
NA
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TOTAL 38 538 360 240 600
CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), Bangalore IV semester M.Sc., Microbiology Marks Distribution PAPER CODE TITLE OF THE PAPER NO. OF HOURS Per week 4 4 4 4 8 Total 52 52 52 52 120 60 8 120 60 6 38 90 538 60 420 40 40 280 100 100 700 40 100 ESE 60 60 60 60 MARKS CIA 40 40 40 40 TOTAL 100 100 100 100
4 MMB 01 4 MMB 02 4MMB 03 4 MMB 04 4MMB 05P
4 MMB 06P
1 MMB PR 1
Agricultural Microbiology Medical Microbiology Industrial Microbiology Fermentation technology Agricultural and Medical Microbiology Microbial and Fermentation Technology Project I TOTAL
CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), Bangalore IV semester M.Sc., Microbiology Value Added Course Marks Distribution TITLE OF THE PAPER NO. OF HOURS Per week Total ESE MARKS
PAPER CODE
CIA
TOTAL
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2 MMB07 V 2 MMB07VP Molecular Diagnostics Molecular Diagnostics TOTAL 2 3 5 40 30 70 60 60 120 40 40 80 100 100 200
CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), Bangalore PG Department of Microbiology QUESTION PAPER PATTERN Total Questions given 12 Questions (2 Choice) 9 Questions (2 Choice) 4 Questions (1 choice)
SECTION
TEST Answers in brief Answers in brief and concepts Answers in detail with scientific knowledge
QUESTIONS
MARKS
TOTAL
10
2 Each
20
5 Each
35
15 Each
45
Total
100
CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), Bangalore PG Department of Microbiology QUESTION PAPER PATTERN Value added course
SECTION
TEST Answers in brief Answers in brief
QUESTIONS
MARKS
TOTAL
Total Questions given 7 Questions (2 Choice) 6 Questions (2 Choice)
2 Each
10
5 Each
20
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and concepts Answers in detail with scientific knowledge
15 Each
30
3 Questions (1 choice)
Total
60
Pattern of marks distribution for internal marks: CONTINUOUS INTERNAL ASSESSMENT (CIA) Theory Attendance 5 Practicals Attendance 5 Record 5 Performance 20 Viva voce 10 Total 40 Seminars 5 Assignments 10 I Internals 10 II internals 10 Total 40
Project Viva voce Introducti on & collection of review of literature 4 Problem & hypothesis 4 Sampling and Tools for data collection 4 Material and Methods/stasis tical analysis 4 Result, Discussio n and conclusio n 4
Attendan ce
Total
10
10
40
END SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS (ESE) Practicals Experiments/ Spotters 40 Viva voce 10 Record 10 Total 60
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Introduction & collection of review of literature 5 Sampling and Material and Tools for Methods/stasistical data analysis collection 5 5 Discussion and Total conclusion 5 60
Viva voce
Problem & hypothesis 5
Result
30
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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE I SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 1 MMB 01: MICROBIAL DIVERSITY 52 HOURS NO. OF CONTENT HRS Introduction To Microbial Diversity : Distribution - Abundance - Ecological niche. Oxygenic photosynthetic microbes - Anoxygenic photosynthetic microbesOxidative transformation of metals - Sulphur oxidation, Iron oxidation, Ammonia 8 oxidation and Hydrogen oxidation. Adaptation to the nutritional and physical environment Bacterial Systematics And Nomenclature : Biological Classification and the Linnaean system, Nature System of Classification. Taxon, Strain, Binomial Nomenclature. Haeckal's Three-kingdom classification, Whittakers Five kingdom Classification, Nutritional Classification & Metabolic Diversity, Molecular Phylogeny, Three-domain concept of Carl Woese, Criteria for Classification. Classification according to Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Recent 13 trend in Microbial Taxonomy. Chemo & numerical taxonomy, genetic methods in taxonomy, Serological methods. Phage Typing, Flow Cytometry, Bacterial Phylogeny, Phylogenetic Trees-Evolutionary models and Dichotomous key. Unculturable And Culturable Bacteria : Conventional and Molecular methods of studying Microbial diversity. Culture dependent methods of community analysis - Dilution plating and culturing methods. Culture independent methods of community Microbial Diversity In Anoxic Ecosystem : Methanogens - Reduction of carbon monoxide - reduction of iron, sulphur, manganese, nitrate and oxygen - Microbes and Mechanism of Metal Reduction bioleaching of ore and metal corrosion. Extremophiles : The domain Archaea-Habitat, Morphology, Classification &Metabolism -Acidophilic, Alkalophilic, Thermophilic, Barophilic, and Halophilic microbes - Mechanisms and Adaptation. Extremozymes Properties, Extraction and Applications. Subterranean Microbes : Ground water Contamination .Biomagnification , Bioaccumulation and Bioremediation-Xenobiotic Pollutants. Catabolic pathway of pesticides- degradation and mineralization. 5
References: 1. Johri,B.N. Extremophiles, Springer Verlag, New York, 2002. 2. Allsopp,D.,Colwell, R.R., and Hawksworth,D.L.(1995) Microbial Diversity and Ecosystem Function, 2004. 3. Black, Microbiology-Principles and Explorations, 6th edition, 2005. 4. Daniel Lim, Microbiology, 2nd edition, 2006 5. Jeffrey C. Pommervile, Alcamos Fundamentals of Microbiology, 8th edition, 2006. 6. Maier, Pepper, Environmental Microbiology, 2nd edition, 2004 7. M.T Madgan and others, Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 9th edition, 2002 8. L.M Prescott and others, Microbiology, 4th edition, 2003 9. Stanier, General Microbiology, 5th edition, 2007 10. Hurst, Crawford, Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 2nd edition, 2001 11. Nester E.W. and others, Microbiology, 3rd edition, 2003 12. Pelczar, Microbiology, 5th edition, 2006 13. David C.Sigee, Freshwater Microbiology, 2nd edition, 2002 14. Gerard J. Tortora, Microbiology- An Introduction, 8th edition, 2004
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15. J.Vaun, Mc Arthur, Microbial ecology- An evolutionary approach, 2nd edition, 2005 16. Sullia S.B, S.Shantharam, General Microbiology, 2nd edition, 2006
CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE I SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 1 MMB 02: BACTERIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY
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52 HOURS CONTENT NO. OF HRS Morphology Of Bacteria : Morphology and Ultra structure of Bacteria Morphological types phototropic bacteria.Structure and function of flagella, cilia, pili, plasmids, transposons, gas vacuoles, carboxysomes, cellulosomes, magnetosomes, phycobilisomes, parasporal crystals. Structure of nucleoid, sporesexospores and endospores. Reserve Food Material & Cultivation Of Bacteria : Reserve food materialmetachromatic granules, polysaccharide granules, poly hydroxybutyrate granules, glycogen, oil droplets, cyanophycin granules and sulphur globules. Cultivation of bacteria: aerobic, anaerobic, shaker and still cultures, batch and nutritional requirements. Nutritional classification of bacteria. Culture media used Special purpose media, nutrient media, selective media, and different media, Reproduction in bacteria. Mechanism of binary fission. Growth curve. Growth rate and generation time. Growth kinetics, mathematical expression. Measurement of population growth, measurement of cell mass and number. Factors affecting growth. Pattern of death. Control of bacteria - Physical and Chemical disinfectants and antiseptics. Evaluation of Antimicrobial potency. Preservation methods-maintenance and preservation techniques. Forms Of Bacteria : Eubacteria; Mycoplasmas; Ricketsiae; Actinomycetes; Spirochetes; Cyanobacteria -moephological types, habitat, reproduction, classification and economic importance, study of structure and reproduction of Microsystis, Gloesocapsa, spirulina, Oscillatoria, Rivularia, Nostoc, Anabaena and Scytonema.; Psuedomonads; Lactobacilli; Endospore forming rods Virology Introduction And Diagnosis Methods : Brief outline on discovery of viruses, origin of viruses, nomenclature and classification of viruses- Baltimore classification; distinctive properties of viruses; morphology and ultra structure; capsids and their arrangements; types of envelopes and their composition-viral genome, their types and structures; virus related agents (viroids, prions). Cultivation of viruses in embryonated eggs, experimental animals, and cell cultures; primary and secondary cell structures; suspension cell cultures and monolayer cell cultures; cell stains, cell lines and transgenic systems; serological methods, assay of viruses - Physical and chemical methods (Proteins, nucleic acid, radioactivity tracers, electron microscopy) - Infectivity assay (plaque method, end point method) - Infectivity assay of plant viruses Plant Viruses : Classification and nomenclature; effect of viruses on plants; common virus disease of plants; paddy, cotton, tomato, and sugarcane, life cycle; type specific viruses like TMV, Cauliflower mosaic virus and potato virus X; transmission of plant viruses with vectors (insects, nematodes, fungi) and without vectors (Contact, seed and pollens); diagnostic techniques in seeds; seed stocks and diseased plants (seed morphology, seedling symptomatology, indicator plants, prevention of crop loss due to virus infection - virus - free planting material; vector control. Animal Viruses : Classification and nomenclature of animal human viruses; epidemiology, lifecycle, pathogen city, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of: RNA Viruses: - Paramyxoviridae (measles), Orthomyx0viridae influenza), Rhabdoviridae (rabies), filoviridae (Ebola virus), Retroviridae (HIV), Reoviridae (rotavirus), Picorna viridae (poliovirus & FMDV of cattle), Flaviviridae (Dengue virus).
10
10
14
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Reference: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Biswas, S.B., and Anitha Biswas (1997) An Introduction to Viruses. 4th revised edition, Vikas Publishing House Pvt Ltd., Delhi. Dimmock N.J., Primrose S.B ., Introduction to Modern Virology Ed. Prentice Hall Mathew, RF., Functionals of Plant Virology. Academics Press. Pelezar M.J., Chan E.C.S, kreig N.R., (1986) Microbiology., Tata Mc Graw- Hall Publ. 5). Sullia S.B. & S Shantaram 1998 General Microbiology, Oxford IBH pub. Co New Delhi. Stainer R Y., Ingharam J.L., Wheelis M.L., Painter P.R (1999) General Microbiology.
CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE I SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 1 MMB 03: PHYCOLOGY AND MYCOLOGY 52 HOURS CONTENT Morphology And Classification Of Algae : Media and methods used for culturing algae, measurement of algal growth, strain selection and large scale cultivation; applications therapeutic uses, heavy metal removal, use of immobilized and labelled algae, economic importance of algae. Mycology : Historical introduction to Mycology; Evolutionary tendencies in lower fungi- salient features and examples of Divisions Myxomycota - Acrasiomycetes, Hydromyxomycets, Myxomycetes, Plasmodiophoromycetes; Zoosporic fungi Chytridiomycetes, Hyphochytridiomycetes, Oomycetes, Zygomycotina - Zygomycetes, Trichomycetes Study Of Higher Fungi : Study of higher fungi - salient features and examples of Divisions Ascomycotina; Basidiomycotina ; Blastomycetes Structure And Growth Of Fungal Cells : Hyphae and non-motile unicells, motile cells, spores, dormancy, growth of population and colonies, mechanics of growth in fungi, Measurement and Kinetics of growth, nutritional and environmental requirements; effect of environment on growth - pH, temperature; prevention of fungal growth. Fungal Ecosystem : Heterothallism, Sex hormones in fungi, Physiological specialization, Phylogeny of fungi; Substrate groups - saprophytic, parasitic, Keratinophilic, coprophilous; NO. OF HRS 10
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substrate successions, parasitism, mutualism and symbiosis with plants and animals.
Fungal Diseases : Fungal diseases - mycoses, systemic and subcutaneous, candidiasis, pnemocystis, blastomycoses, dermatomycoses Reference: 1. Alexopoulos, C.J., and Mins C.W (2001) Introduction to Mycology, Wiley 2. Becker, E. W., (1994) Microalgae: Biotechnology and Microbiology, Cambridge University Press. 3. Charlie M., and Walkinson, The Fungi. Academic Press
CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE I SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 1 MMB 04: MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES 52 HOURS CONTENT Microscopy : Working principle, different types- Light microscopy, Bright field, Dark field, Phase contraction microscopy, Fluorescent microscopy, Electron microscopy (TEM and SEM), Confocal Microscopy, Polarisation microscopy Scanning probe microscopy, Haemocytometry and Microphotography. X-ray diffraction, Crystallisation. Sterilization Techniques : Definitions of Physical methods- Heat (dry & moist) Filtration-Types of Filters, Radiation-Ionising and Non-ionising; Chemical agentsPhenols, Alcohols, Halogens, Heavy metals,Aldehydes,Quaternaryammonium ,compounds and Gases. Evaluation of antimicrobial agent- Phenol coefficient, Filter paper method. Isolation Of Pure Cultures : Pure Culture Techniques- Dilution, Spread plate, Streak plate, Pour plate, Micromanipulator Method. Maintenance and Preservation of Pure NO. OF HRS
10
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cultures. Culture collections. Centres- National and International.
Measurement Of Microbial Growth& Staining Technique : Direct method- Direct Microscopic count, Standard plate count, Filtration, MPN, Indirect methodDetermination of Turbidity, Metabolic activity, Dry weight and Micrometry.Nature of stains, Principle, Mechanism, Method and Types of Staining-Simple, Differential and Special staining. Instrumentation : Spectroscopy: Principle, Construction and Application of Spectrophotometer, Different types, Working, Principle & their applications. Chromatography, Electrophoresis, and centrifugation- Different types and Applications. Radioisotopic Techniques : Stable and Radioactive isotopes, Radio isotopic Autoradiography, Scintillation counters, Non-radioactive labelling. Reference: 1. James, G.N. Microbiology A laboratory manual, Addison- Wesley. 2. Norris, J.R. and Ribbons, E.W. Methods in Microgiology, Academic press 3. Bhattacharlya. Experiments with microorganisms, Emkay publicationjs 4. Plummer: An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, Tata-McGraw Hill
14 6
CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE I SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY
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1 MMB 05 P: MICROBIAL DIVERSITY, BACTERIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY NO 1 2 3 TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENTS Staining Techniques: Grams Staining Endospore & Capsule Staining Cultural Characteristics of Bacteria on Selective medias-Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, Salmonella-Shigella Agar, Mannitol Salt Agar, Cetrimide Agar 4 Cultural Characteristics of Bacteria on Differential mediasMac Conkeys Agar, Deoxycolate citrate Agar, Blood Agar, Chocolate Agar 5 Pure Culture Techniques-Preparation of Slants, Sub culturing & Types of Streaking 6 Biochemical Tests- Catalase, Oxidase,Gelatin Liquefaction, Starch Hydrolysis, IMVIC Tests, Coagulase & Triple Sugar Iron Agar Test and Hydrogen sulphide production test 7 8 9 10 Pigmentation &Spreading growth Carbohydrate Fermentation-Glucose,Sucrose, Fructose, Mannitol Determination of growth by turbidometric method Microbial Growth Measurements-Serial Dilutions. Plate Count and indirect method for growth measurement. 11 12 Isolation and identification of halophilic bacteria from sea water Motility testing of bacteria by hanging drop method
* 4 hours per experiment
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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE I SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 1 MMB 06P: PHYCOLOGY, MYCOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES
NO 1
TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENTS Isolation of fungi from different substrates (Saprophytic, Parasitic, Copraphilous, Keratinophilous)
Study of environmental requirements of Fungi (pH, Temperature) by linear growth and biomass.
3 4 5
Study of antifungals (antibiotics/ Chemicals/ Plant extracts) Study of antagonism Isolation of pathogenic fungi from infected samples; human/plant/animals
6 7 8 9
Germ tube test Viability test Isolation of epiphytic algae. Isolation and identification of algae from various aquatic environments. (polluted / fresh water)
10 11
Lichens; Morphological study Isolation and characterization of acidophilic and halophilic fungi.
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SYLLABUS II SEMESTER
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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE II SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 2 MMB 01: MICROBIAL GENETICS 52 HOURS CONTENT Structural Polymorphism Of DNA : DNA structure: A, B and Z DNA, Supercoiled DNA, DNAh and binding proteins, DNA replication in Prokaryotes (double stranded DNA virus, Pox Virus; SV4O; ssDNA virus. The rolling circle replication, semi conservative replication, primer or template, origin of replications, replication fork- leading and lagging strands, enzymes involved at different steps of replication, Folded fiber model of E.coli chromosome, Genome organization in eukaryotes, Split genes, overlapping genes, DNA amplification . The law of DNA constancy and- C-value paradox. Replication Of RNA : Replication of plus strand RNA virus (polio), Negative strand RNA virus, r (VSV and influenza). Replication of double stranded RNA virus (Rotavirus), antisense RNA Mutation : Gene as unit of mutation, Molecular basis of spontaneous and induced mutations and their role in evolution; Mutagens, Types of mutations, transposon mutagenesis site directed mutagenesis, AMESs test; environmental mutagenesis and toxicity testing. Genetic Recombination At Molecular Level : Genetic recombination in bacteriophages and E. coil, Synapsis of homologous duplexes, breakages and re-union, role of Rec A in recombination, generalized & specialized transduction, transformation and conjugation, Legitimate & illegitimated recombination gene conversion, overview of bacterial genetic map Gene Transfer Mechanisms : Bacterial transformation; Host cell restriction; Transduction; Complementation; conjugation and transfection, Mechanisms and applications, Genetic analysis of microbes, Bacteria and yeast. Genetics of fungi-alteration of generation, neurospora crassa and yeasts induction of mutation, cytoplasmic inheritance and biochemical mutants Plasmids : Plasmids, F-factors - description and their uses in genetic analysis. Colicins and Col Factors R plasmids, Plasmids as vectors for gene cloning, Replication of selected plasmids: compatibility, Transposns and their use in genetic analyses. Bacteriophages: Lysogeny and lytic cycle in bacteriophages, Life cycle and their uses in microbial genetics. Lytic phages-T7 and T4, Lysogenic phages Lambda and P1. Ml 3 and X 174. Reference: 1. Dale, J.W. Molecular Genetic of Bacteria 2. Benjamin Lewin, Genes VIII 3. Streips and Yasbin. Modern Microbial Genetics 4. John Ringo, Fundamental Genetics NO. OF HRS
10
7 10
10
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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE II SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 2 MMB 02: MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY 52 HOURS CONTENT Microbial Nutrition : Organic and inorganic nutrients: Basic aspects of energetics-entropy, enthalpy, Electron transport chain, artificial electron donors-uncouplers-High energy bond phosphorylation. Brief Account Of Photosynthetic And Accessory Pigments : Brief account of photosynthetic and accessory pigments-chlorophyll-bacterial chlorophyll- rhodopsincarotenoids-phycobiliproteins; Carbohydrates anabolism autotrophy oxygenicanoxygenic photosynthesis; autotrophic generation of ATP; fixation of CO2-Calvin cycle-C3 and C4 pathways; Chemolithotrophy ,luminescence; Biosynthesis of fatty acids; pigments and secondary metabolites. Coordinated control of metabolism. Enzymes : Definition, structure, Enzymes as biocatalysts, properties and classification, specificity, active sites, Coenzyrnes: Activators and inhibitors, activity unit, Isozymes, Enzyme kinetics (negative and positive cooperatively); Michaelis-Menten equation for simple enzymes. Determination of kinetic parameters, multistep reactions and rare limiting steps, enzyme inhibition, allosterism. kinetic analysis of allosteric enzymes, principles of allosteric regulation, Ribozyme and abzyme. Respiratory Metabolism : Emhden Meyerhoff Parns pathway: Entner Doudoroff pathway; glyoxalate pathway; Krebs cycle; Oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation, reverse TCA cycle; glucon eogenesis, Pasteur effect; fermentation of carbohydrates-homo and hetero lactic fermentation.HMP Assimilation Of Nitrogen : dinitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia, synthesis of major amino acids, polyamines; synthesis of polysaccharides-peptidoglycan-biopolymers as cell components; endospores-structure, properties and germination. Biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines Signal Transduction In Prokaryotes And Eukaryotes : Overview of signal transduction, signals, second messengers, termination of signal transduction. Prokaryotic signal transduction:Bacterial pheromones, chemotaxis, flagella movements.phototaxis. signaling mechanisms involved in eukaryotic cell division, glucose metabolism Reference: 1. Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry 3dr edition by Nelson & Cox (Worth) 2000 pub. 2. Moat. A.G. & Foster J.W. 1999 Microbial Physiology, Wiley-Liss. 3. Arora D.K. & Seema Gupta.1996. Bacterial Physiology Anmol Publications. New Delhi. NO. OF HRS
13
10
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4. Palmer T. Enzymes: Biochemistry, Biotechnology & Clinical Chemistry 2001. Horwood Pub. Chichester. 5. Voet & Voet J.G. 2004. Biochemistry. John Wiley and Sons.
CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE II SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 2 MMB 03: IMMUNOLOGY 52 HOURS CONTENT Immune System And Immunity : History of immunology; Structures, composition and functions of cells and organs involved in immune system - T- cells, B-cells, macrophages, antigen-processing cells, Eosinophls, Neutrophils, Mast cells and killer T - cells; microbial infections and immune reponses - innate Immunity, acquired Immunity; Clonal nature of immune response; Immunohaematology- blood groups, blood transfusion and Rh incompatibilities. Antigens And Antibodies : Antigens - structure and properties, types - Iso and all antigens - haptens; adjuvants - antigen specificity. Immunoglobulins - Structure heterogenecity - types and subtypes - properties (physico-chemical and biological); pathways. Generation of immunological diversity; Effector mechanisms., T- cell cloning and its applications in vaccine development, production of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and its applications In vitro Methods -Agglutination, precipitation, complement fixation, immunofluorescence, immuncelectrophoresis, ELISA, Radio Immunoassays; In vivo Methods: skin tests and immune complex tissue demonstrations. Applications of these methods in diagnosis of microbial infections, auto immunity mechanisms, systemic lupus erythematosus, Graves diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis. Immunodeficiency- phagocytic humoral, CMI, combined HLA association Major Histocompatibility Complex And Tumor Immunology : Structure and functions of MHC and HL-A systems. Gene regulation and immune response genes HLA and tissue transplantation - Tissue typing methods for organ and tissue transplantations in humans; graft versus host reaction and rejection; autoimmunity Tumor immunity - tumor specific antigens, Immune response to tumors, immunodiagnosis of tumors - detection of tumor markers - alphafoetal proteins, carcinoembryonic antigen etc., 18 NO. OF HRS
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Immune Response And Transplantations : Tissue transplantations ( types, ABO grouping, tissue typing, screening for performed antibodies, cross matching), graft rejection, its mechanisms, auto immunity, xenotransplantation Hypersensitivity Reactions : Anibody-mediated Type L anaphylaxis; Type II. Antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity; Type III. Immune complex mediated reactions; Type IV. Hypersensitivity, its types, Cell mediated hypersensitivity reactions. The respective symptoms, immunological methods of their diagnosis. Lymphokines and cytokines - their assay methods. Immunological tolerance. Immunization : Common immunizations vaccines from plants- banana, watermelon etc, plantibodies, sub unit vaccines, synthetic peptide vaccine, recombinant DNA vaccine and edible vaccine. References: 1. Paul, Fundamental Immunology, 4th edition, 2003 2. Janis Kuby, Immunology, 6th edition, 2006 3. K.RJoshi, Immunology, 4th edition, 2006 4. Richard Coico, Immunology- A short course, 5th edition, 2002 5. Jacqueline Stanley, Essentials of Immunology and Serology, 2nd edition,2004 6. Lesley-Jane Eales, Immunology for Life Scientists, 2nd edition, 2005 7. Abbas Lichtman, Basic Immunology, 2nd edition, 2001 8. Roitt, Immunology, 7th edition, 2004 9. Tizard, Immunology- An Introduction, 4th edition, 2003 10. Janeway, Immunobiology, 6th edition, 2001 11. Lydyard, Instant notes in Immunology, 4th edition, 2004 12. Smith, Concepts in Immunology and Immunotherapeutics, 4th edition, 2003 13. Stefan, H.E.Kaufman, Immunology of infections, 2nd edition, 2003 14. Richard M. Hyde, Immunology, 4th edition, 2004 15. Ian Todd, Immunology, 5th edition,2006 5
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1. CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE II SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 2 MMB 04 : BIOSTATISTICS,BIOINFORMATICS, RESEARCH METHODOLOGY & BIOETHICS 52 HOURS CONTENT Statistical Tests And Frequency Distribution : Method of central tendency & dispersion, linear regression & correlation-test of significance, ANNOVA. T-test, SPSS (statistical package) for various applications in Bio-statistical programme, Arithmetic mean, mode, median and percentiles. Measures of variability: Range, mean deviation, Analysis of variance, standard deviation and co-efficient of variation. Skewness and Kurtosis Probablity, Sampling And Hypothesis Testing : Definitions; events; sample space; addition and multiplication rules of probability; conditional probability (simple problems). Probability Distributions: Discrete, continuous, binomial, Poisson and normal distribution. Simple correlation of regression, Population and sample: Random sample, use of table of random numbers, parameter and statistics, sampling distribution of sample means, Standard error; confidence intervals. Hypothesis testing - Basic concepts and definitions, tests based on normal, student T, chi square and F distribution Research Concepts And Steps In Research : Basic and applied research, essential steps in research, literature search methodologies, literature, patent search, citation methods, experimental designs, components of research reports, tables and figures, formatting and typing protocols, safety guidelines for research including lab safety and personal safety. Bioinformatics : Introduction, scope and application bioinformatics,Biological Databases: GenBank and PDB,Computational Sequence Analysis: Sequence Alignment,Sequence similarity search ,Examples: BLAST, FASTA and Clustal W,Structural Bioinformatics:Structure Visualization,Structure prediction: Secondary and Tertiary,Protein Modeling and its application in Drug Designing,Genomics and Proteomics: Introduction and Applications ,Clinical Research and its Applications IPR,Bioethics And Biosafety : Biosafety regulations and caratagena protocol, use of GMO, Levels of containment, procedures for risk assessment in GM seeds and plants, ethical issues involved in GM foods, Indian Drugs and cosmetic act, Handling of hazardous materials used in Biotechnology and their disposal, GMP and GLP. IPR,WTO,WIPO,GATT,TRIPS, patenting and procedures involved in application of patents, application of patent laws, plant breeders rights, legal implications Ethical issues of human genome project, foetal sex determination, stem cell research. Use of cell cultures as alternate for animals models, animal and human cloning, ethical and social issues, organ and xeno transplantation Reference: 1. Statistical Methods (Chand publishers) P.K.Guptha 2. Statistics in Biology (Mc Graw Hill) Bliss.C.I.K. 3. Statistics for Biologists (Cambridge press) Campbell.R.C 4. Research methodology , N. Gurumani 5. Biosafety and Bioethics, APH publishers, Geetha Bali and Sullia NO. OF HRS
10
13
13
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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE II SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 2 MMB 05P: MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL GENETICS No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENTS Colorimetric estimation of proteins, Sugar, DNA , RNA Estimation of IAA produced by bacteria and Fungi Estimation of microbial enzymes- Amylase, phosphatase, Cellulase, Protease Determine Km and Vmax Saponification value of fat and iodine number of fatty acids Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS PAGE) for proteins Mutagenesis: Identification and isolation of fungal and bacterial mutants: Chemical and UV Study of replica plating techniques Separation of Aflatoxin by TLC Isolation of plasmid DNA and genomic DNA Phage titration Demonstration of bacterial transformation DNA amplification by PCR
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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE II SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 2MMB06P: IMMUNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENTS Slide agglutination tests Precipitation tests-ODD Blood grouping and Rh typing Widal test VDRL/RPR Test DOT ELISA HCG Test Serological tests of diagnostic importance RA Factor
10 11 12 13 14
Sequence analysis/similarity search: blast, fasta, clustal Structure visualization: rasmol Structure prediction: secondary and tertiary Restriction mapping Primer designing
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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE II SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 1 MMBV: Food Science and Nutrition VALUE ADDED COURSE 40 HOURS CONTENT NO. OF HRS Introduction : Introducing the subject and defining the syllabus of the course Human Nutrition : FOOD NUTRIENTS: Study of seven food componentsCarbohydrates, Proteins, fats, Vitamins, Minerals and Fiber. Their chemical structure, Classification, Functions, Sources and Deficiencies, Water balance. ENERGY VALUE OF FOODS AND ENERGY REQUIREMENT: Determination of energy value of foods,defining basal metabolism,nutritive value of foods, food groups, recommended dietary allowance Functional Properties : EFFECT OF PROCESSING ON NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FOODS: Effect of processing like cooking, soaking, steaming, germination, frying etc., on the food nutrients and the overall nutritive value. A. SENSORY EVALUATION: Sensory attributes, grades, ranking and factors affecting the sensory evaluation pattern. B. PHYSICO CHEMICAL PROPERTIES: Study of emulsions, gels, colloids, foams etc., Functional properties of proteins and starch colloids. Browning reaction in foods. C. FATS AND OILS: Properties, manufacturing process, uses in food systems, rancidity, smoking point. D. FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY: Process of fermentation and the physico chemical changes in food nutrients during fermentation. Significance of fermentation. E. ROLE OF ENZYMES IN FOOD PROCESSING Product Development And Marketing : Changing Trends Of Food Production, Food fortification, packaging, food additives and food flavours. Nutritional labelling. Entrepreneurship skills and marketing. Clinical Nutrition : Brief insight into Therapeutic Diets 1
10
19
6 4
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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE II SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 1 MMBVP : Food Science and Nutrition CONTENT Sl.NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Sensory Evaluation: Develop Grades And Ranking Cake Making : To Understand The Changes In The Functional Properties Of Nutrients On Subject To Temperature.Role Of Emulsifiers. Strach Gelatinisation : Fermentation : To Observe The Physico-Chemical Changes During Fermentation Sugar Crystallization : Study Of Different Stages Of Sugar Crystallization Fats And Oils : Study Of Smoking Temperature Of Differnet Oils Product Development : Develop A Product,Design Thenutrition Label And Develop Marketing Sreategies Visit To An Industrial Production Site
* 3hours per experiment
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SYLLABUS III SEMESTER
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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE III SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 3 MMB 01: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 52 HOURS CONTENT DNA Replication :Mode of DNA replication, Initiation of ss DNA; Retroviruses and their unique mode of DNA synthesis, relationship between DNA replication and cell cycle, Inhibitors of DNA replication, DNA damage and repair-Types of DNA damage-deamination, oxidative damage, alkylation, pyrimidine dimmers, Repair pathways-Photo reactivation, excision repair, post replication repair, SOS repair, methyl directed mismatch repair, very short patch repair. Structural and Functional aspects :rRNA, tRNA, mRNA, and their functions, Initiator and elongator class tRNA,ribosomes-characteristics, structural aspects and properties, nucleosomes, regulation of rRNA and tRNA synthesis Transcription :RNA polymerase in prokaryotes, its molecular composition and role of each component of RNA polymerase, Mechanism of transcriptioninitiation, elongation and termination. Global regulatory responses, heat shock response, stringent response, regulation by ppGpp and cAMP, Inhibitors of RNA synthesis and their mode of action, Polycistronic and monocistronic RNAs, Control of transcription by interaction between RNA polymerases and promoter regions, use of alternate sigma factor, Controlled termination- attenuation and anti-termination. Mechanism of transcription in Eukaryotes. Translation :Basic features of genetic code, amino acid activation, ribosome binding site on mRNA and corresponding site on rRNA, peptidyltransferase activity of 23s rRNA, mechanism of initiation, elongation and termination, Inhibitors of protein synthesis, synthesis of transport proteins on membrane bound ribosome, signal hypothesis, In Vitro transcription and system translation. Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes :Trancriptional control, enzyme induction and repression, constitive synthesis of enzymes. The Operon concept, catabolic repression, instability of bacterial RNA, inducers and corepressors, Negative gene regulation- E.coli Lac operon, Positive regulationE.coli Ara operon, Regulation by attenuation Trp operon, Antitermination- N protein and nut sites, DNA binding protein, enhancer sequences, identification of protein binding sites on DNA, Maturation and processing of RNAmethylation, cutting, trimming of rRNA, capping, polyadenylation and splicing of mRNA, cutting and modification of tRNA degradation system, catalytic RNA, GI and GII intron splicing.
NO OF HRS
13
10
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Genetic Control and Lambda Phage :Switching between lytic and lysogenic cycles, Control of transcription, RNA polymerase, Repressor, Cro gene, Control of integration and excision. References: 1) Adams R.L.P ,(1992). DNA replication. IPL Oxford, England 2) Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis et_al (2002), Molecular Biology of the cell. Garland Pub. 4th edition. 3) Lewin, (2002), Genes VII. Oxford university Press. 4) Prescott, Harley and Klein,(2003), Microbiology; Prescott, McGraw Hill. 5) Watson, J D et_al , 5th edition Molecular Biology of Gene. Pearson Education; (2004) 6) David Freifelder, Narosa Publishers,(1997).Molecular Biology, 7) Robert F. Weaver. (2004) Molecular Biology (3rd Edition) McGraw Hill. 8) Monroe W. Strickberger. (3rd Edition) Genetics 9) Lewin, (2002). Genes VII. Oxford university Press. 10) Lewin, (2002). Genes VIII. Oxford university Press. 11) Harvey Loddish . 4th Edition(2002) Molecular Cell Biology 12) James D. Watson .Molecular Biology of the Gene (5th edition) 13) Bruce Alberts . Molecular cell Biology, 3rd Edition 14) Robert F. Weaver(2000). Molecular Biology 15) Burton E. Tropp . 3rd Edition(2004). Molecular Biology- Genes to proteins 16) Geoffrey M. Cooper . 2nd edition(2007). The Cell- a molecular approach 17) T.A Brown.(1999). Genomes 2 18) T.A Brown.(2005). Genomes 3 19) E.D.P.De Robertis & E.M.F.De Robertis Jr . Cell and Molecular Biology . 8th edition. 20) M.K.Sateesh. 2010. Genetically modified organisms and their impact on environment. New Age International Publishers 6
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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE III SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 3 MMB 02: RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY 52 HOURS CONTENT Restriction Endonucleases : Types, nomenclature, properties and applications. Cloning vectors: general characteristics, PBR, PUC series. Phagmids, cosmids. Phage vectors: M13, Lambda, PAC. Yeast vectors: shuttle vector, 2 , yeast integrative chromosomes and their types, YAC. High Capacity Vectors: BAC,MAC,HAC. Expression vectors: general characteristics, promoter probe vectors, terminator probe vectors, ribosome binding site vectors, expression cassettes, gene cartridges. Plant vectors: Ti and Ri plasmids. Liagation And Transforamtion : Ligation Techniques: structure, types, properties of E.coli and T4 DNA ligases.Transformation: CaCl2 and electroporation.Transfection: Invitropackaging: single and double strain system. Transformation in plant and animals. Selection and Screening of Recombinants: Using antibiotics and color additives: replica plate techniques, blue- white screening, X-gal, ONPG. phage markers: Spi, pI, yeast markers: URE, LUE, SUP4, red-white screening. etc., Other methods: colony hybridization, blotting, probes. Expression Of Recombinant Proteins : Basic criteria, selection of promoter, terminator, and ribosome binding site sequences, fusion protein tags, protease cleavage sites and plasmid copy number in prokaryotes. Brief account on expression of recombinant proteins in eukaryotes.
NO OF HRS
10
10
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Genome Sequencing And Microarrary : DNA Sequencing: Dideoxy, chemical, pyrosequencing and automated sequencing. Sequence assembly, closing gaps between contigs, chromosomal walking and prediction master sequence. PCR: Types and applications.Manufacture of DNA chips: on glass slides and Nitrocellulose membrane, labeling methods: RNA and DNA probes. Using DNA chips: whole genome analysis and SNP microarray, advantages and dis-advantages of microarray. Applications of microarray. Mapping And Chemical Synthesis Of Gene : Mapping: Genetic and physical mapping of prokaryotic genome. Restriction mapping. Chemical synthesis of gene: phosphodi and triester, phoshate triester approaches. Enzymatic synthesis of DNA and complete synthesis of gene. Applications of synthetic oligonucleotides. Application Of R-DNA Technology : In agriculture: genetically modified plants: disease, pest, weeds, frost and salt resistant plants. In medicine: production of hGh, insulin, interferon, recombinant vaccines, gene therapy, RNAi, diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. In industry: production of enzymes, treatment of xenobiotics and production of microbial gums. In research: location of genes, study of expression pattern, mapping genome.
13
References: 1) S.B Primrose, R.M. Twyman and R.W Old Principles of Gene Manipulation. 6th edition 2001. Blackwell Science. 2) James D. Watson, Michael Gilman, Jan Witkowaski Mark Zoller: Recombinant DNA, 2nd edition Scientific American books distributed by W.H. Freeman and company New York. 3) Bernard R. Glick, Jack J. Pasternak Molecular biotechnology principle and applications Recombinant DNA. 3rd edition ASM Press Washington, D.C 2003. 4) David A. Micklos, Greg. A. Freyer with David.A. Crotty DNA Science a first course 2 nd edition I.K.International Pvt Ltd 2005. 5) T.A. Brown GENOME 3 GS Garland Science Taylor and Francis Group. New York and London 2007. 6) M.J. McPherson, S,G Moller PCR BIOS Scientific publishers Ltd 2000. 7) D.M. Glover and B.D Hames. DNA Cloning 3 a practical approach Indian edition Complex Genomes 2nd edition 2006. Oxford University Press. 8) S.B Primrose, R.M. Twyman Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics. 7 th edition 2006. Blackwell publishing. 9) Gupta P.K. Genetics a text book for university students 3rd edition 2002-2003. 10) S.S. Purohit Biotechnology fundamentals and applications 4th edition , Agrobios (india) 2005 11) Singh B.D Fundamentals of Genetics 2nd edition. 12) J.Sambrook, E.F.Fritsch and T. Maniatis Molecular Cloning a laboratory manual 2nd edition cold spring harbor laboratory press 1989. 13) Issac S. Kohane, Alvin T.Kha and Atul J. Butte Microarray for an integrative genomics. Published in india by Ane Books 2003. 14) Jeremy W Dale, Simon F Park Molecular Genetics of Bacteria 4th edition John WILEY and sons Ltd 2004. 15) Jack G. Chirikjian, Biotechnology theory and techniques vol-1 and vol-2 genetic engineering separation technology, Janes and Bartlett publishers.
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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE III SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 3 MMB 03: ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 52 HOURS CONTENT Aerobiology: droplet nuclei, aerosol,assessment of air quality- Anderson ,Rotorod, Burkard, solid and liquid impingement method and filters. Brief account of transmission of air borne microbes- Viruses ,Bacteria and Fungi .Microbiology of indoor and outdoor environments, disease caused by air borne microbes and allergens(Infections, their detection and enumeration). Biohazards caused by endotoxins.
NO. OF HRS
10
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Aquatic microbiology: Water ecosystem-fresh water(Ponds, lakes, Streams), marine habitats(Estuaries, mangroves, deep sea, hydrothermal vents, salt pans, coral reefs), Zonation of water ecosystem, upwelling, eutrophication, food chain in aquatic ecosystem- potability of water, microbial assessment of water, water purification Brief account of major water borne diseases and their control measures. Soil: Types, characteristics of soil, classification of soil based on physical and chemical properties, Microorganisms in various soil types. Role of microorganisms in biogeochemical cycle. ( carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous and Sulphur). Waste Treatment: Solid and liquid wastes and their characterization, treatment. Methods of treatment- primary,secondary and tertiary. Utilization of solid wastesfor production of food(SCP, mushroom, yeast), fuel(Ethanol, methane), fertilizers(Composting). Subterranean microorganisms and its significance. Positive and negative roles of microbes in environment: Biodegradation of xenobiotics, lignin, pesticides, hydrocarbons and plastic; bioaccumulation of metals and detoxification. Bioremediation (In situ and Ex situ) of contaminated soil and water. Biodeterioration of paper, leather, wood, textiles, mode of deterioration, organisms involved, mode of prevention, metal corrosion. Genetically modified organisms and their impacts on environment References: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. Alexander ,M. 1997. Introduction to soil Microbiology. John Wiley and sons Inc., New York Alexander, M.1971. Microbial Ecology. John Wiley and sons Inc., New York Baker.K.H and Herson.D.S.1994. Bioremediation. Mc. Graw Hill Inc., New York Burns.R.G. and Slater.J.H.1982. Experimental Microbial Ecology. Blackwell scientific publications. Oxford London Burges.A and raw F. 1967. Soil Biology. Academic press, London Gabriel Bitton 1999. Waste ware Microbiology. 2nd Edition. ,Wiley- liss. Harriet A Burge.1995. Bioaerosols. Lewis Publishers Inc. Marshal.K.C.1985. Advances in microbial ecology. Vol.8.press Raina. M. Maier, lan L. pepper, Charles P Gweba.2000. Environmental Microbiology. Academic press Mc Kinney. R.E.2004. Environmental pollution control microbiology. Bernard R. Glick and Jack J. Pasternak, 1994, Molecular Biotechnology Principles and applications of recombinant DNA, American Society for Microbilogy Press. A.K. Chatterji, 2002, Introduction to Environemntal Biotechnology, Printice Hall of India, Private Limted, New Delhi, M.K.Sateesh. 2010. Genetically modified organisms and their impact on environment. New Age International Publishers A.N. Galzer and H. Nikaido, 1995, Microbial Biotechnology : Fundamentals of Applied Microbiology, W.H. Freeman & Co. New York. E. Hodgson & E.Levi, 1997, A Text Book of Modern Toxicology Appleton & Lange Stamford, Connecticut. C. Ratledge, 1994, Biochemistry of Microbial Degradation, Kulwer Academic Publisher. Ignacicuthu, S.J. & Alok Sen, 1999, Biopesticide in Insect Pest Management Phoenix Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Gabriel Bitton, 1999, Waste Water Microbiology, Wiely-Liss. Alexender, M., 1999, Biodegradation and Bioremediation, Academic Press. Nicholas P. Cheremisinof, 2001, Biotechnology for Waste Water Treatment, Printice Hall of India Private Ltd. Rose, J, Gordon and Breach, 1998, Environmental Toxicology Current Developments (ed). Science Publishers. 12
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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE III SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 3 MMB 04: FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
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52 HOURS CONTENT Food Microbiology As A Science : Introduction: Development of food microbiology as a science, importance of studying food microbiology, food as a substrate for microorganisms, sources of microorganisms. Contamination And Spoilage : Principles of food spoilage, spoilage of cereals, sugar products, vegetables, fruits, meat and meat products, milk and milk products, sea foods, poultry, spoilage of canned foods- detection and characterization. Food Preservation : Food Preservation- Principles And Methods- Low Temperature, High Temperature, Canning, Drying, Use Of Chemicals, Irradiation And Food Additives, Processing For Heat Treatment- D,Z And F Values. Food Borne Infections And Intoxications : BacterialBrucella, Bacillus, Clostridium, Escherichia, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Vibrio, Yersinia and Listeria. Nematodes, Protozoans, Algae, Viruses, Molds. Mycotoxins- Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins, Trichothecenes, Zearalenone, Ergots. Food borne outbreaks and lab testing procedures. Preventive measures. Fermented And Microbial Foods : Microbial activity in foods- vegetables (olives, cucumbers), meat (sausages), bread, idli. Cocoa and coffee curing; Dairy foods- cheese, srikhand. Therapeutic and nutritional value of fermented foods. Spoilage and defects of fermented dairy products. Oriental fermented foods. Microbial foods- single cell proteins and single cell oils- industrial production methods. Food Sanitation : Sanitation in manufacture and retail trade; food control agencies and their regulation, hazard analysis and critical control points (HACCP); plant sanitation- employees health standard, waste treatment, disposal quality control. Current status of food technologies in India. References: 1.Frazier WC and Westhoff Dc (1988) 6th edition. Food Microbiology. Tata McGraw Hill Publication Company Ltd, New Delhi, 2004 2. James M.Jay ,Modern food microbiology,CBS Publishers and Distributors, Delhi, 1996 3. Francis Pouch Downes, Compendium Methods for the Microbiological Examination of foods, 6th edition, 2000 4. Adams M.R, Moss M.O, Food Microbiology, 5th edition, 2000 5. Banwart G.J, Basic Food Microbiology, 4th edition, 2000 6. Bibek Ray, Fundamentals of Food Microbiology, 4th edition, 2005 7. John S. Norak, Microbial Safety of Minimally Processed Foods, 3rd edition, 2002 8. Hobbs B.C and Roberts D, Food Poisoning and Hygiene , 2nd edition, 2004 9. Mary E. Torrence, Microbial food safety in Animal Agriculture, 4th edition, 2003 10. Norman G Marriott, Principles of Food Sanitation, 3rd edition, 2004 11. Robinson R.K, Dairy Microbiology, 3rd edition, 1998 12. James, M.J Martin, Modern Food Microbiology, 4th edition, 2003 13. Diam Robert, Food Microbiology: An Introduction, 5th edition, 2006 14. Montville Mathews, Food Microbiology: An Introduction, 4th edition,2005 15. Doyle, Food Microbiology-Fundamentals and Frontiers, 5th edition, 2006 16. K.Vijaya Ramesh, Food Microbiology, 4th edition,2004 17. Elmer H Marth, Applied Dairy Microbiology, 2nd edition, 2001 18. Srivastava, Handbook of Milk Microbiology, 2nd edition, 2000 19. Varnam, Evans(2004) Foodborne Pathogens, 4th edition. NO. OF HRS 7
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20. E.M.T El-Mansi(2002) Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology, 3rd edition. CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE III SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 3 MMB 05P: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY NO. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENT Bacterial conjugation. Isolation of lambda phage. Transformation. Chromosomal mapping by interruption mating. Comparative study of lactamase from different sources. Restriction Digestion (plasmid DNA has to be isolated and digested). Calculation of Mol Wt of unknown DNA and construction of restriction map. Ligation (plasmid DNA has to be isolated and digested). Southern and western blotting. Comparative study of beta-galactosidase from different sources. Mutagenesis with ethyl methyl sulphonate. Isolation of antibiotic resistant mutants by gradient plate technique. Ampicillin selection for enrichment of auxotrophs. maspmapmap. * 4 hours per experiment
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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE. III SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 3 MMB 06: ENVIRONMENTAL AND FOOD MICROBIOLOGY NO. 1 TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENT Quantitative and qualitative analysis of microorganisms in out door and indoor air. 2 3 4 Quantitative and qualitative analysis of water. Study of microflora of industrial wastes and effluents. Study of milk and milk products.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Methylene blue reductase test. Starch test. Lech test. Alcohol test. Formalin test. Litmus milk test Estimation of Lactic acid in milk. Study of fruit juices, squashes and beverages. Microbiological Examination of Flour. Study of Fermented foods. Microbiological examination of various dairy products Determination of Dissolved oxygen content of the water. Determination of biological oxygen demand of the water. Enumeration of bacteria in raw and pasteurized milk
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SYLLABUS IV SEMESTER
CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE
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IV SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 4 MMB 01: AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY 52 HOURS CONTENT
NO. OF HRS 4 9
Decomposition of organic matter: by Microbes-cellulose, 48roteins48n48e4848, lignin, starch and pectin. Biological metabolism: Mineralization and immobilization of nitrogen, nitrification, denitrification, symbiotic nitrogen fixation(Rhizobium, Frankia), Non symbiotic nitrogen fixation( Azotobacter, Azosprillium): Nitrogenase enzymes, nif gene. Role of nodulin genes in nodule development and symbiosis. Plant Microbe Interactions: Mutualism, Commensalisms, parasitism, ammensalisms, synergism, predation Microbiology of Rhizosphere- Microbes in the rhizosphere and rhizoplane, methods of enumeration, rhizosphere effects, factors influencing rhizosphere microbes. Biofertilizers- Cultivation and mass production of bioinoculants- PGPR,Azotobacter, Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Cyanobacteria, Phosphate solubilising bacteria, carrier based inoculants. Mycorrhiza and its types, methods of application and agronomic importance.Microbiology and biochemistry of biogas production Biopesticides: types and application Host- parasite interactions: Structural and biochemical defence mechanisms. Production of phytoalexins; involvement of elicitors; role of R and r genes in disease development.SAR( Systamic acquired resistance). Plant diseases: 1. Diseases caused by Fungi( Symptomatology, etiology and control) a) Wilt diseases b) Downy mildews grapes c) Powdery mildews of cucurbits d) Rusts of coffee e) Smuts of sorghum 2. Diseases caused by Bacteria(Symptomatology, etiology and control) a) Bacterial Wilt b) Bacterial blight of rice c) Angular leaf spot of cotton d) Citrus canker 3. Mycoplasmal diseases( Sandal spike, grassy shoot of sugar cane) 4. Viral Diseases(Symptomatology, etiology and control) a) Tobacco Mosaic Diseases b) Banana Bunchy top c) Cucumber mosaic d) Cowpea Mosaic 5. Diseases caused by viroids, potato spindle tuber viroid Post harvest diseases and control measures
10 5
12
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References 1. Charudattan R. 1982. Biological control of weeds with palnt pathogens. John Wiley and sons 2. George N. Agrios.2000. Plant Pathology. 4th Ed.Academic press 3. Noriss.J.R ans Pettiper.G.L.1987.Essays in agricultural and food microbiology. John Wileyt and sons. Singapore 4. Rangaswami.G and D.J. Bagyaraj.1998. Agricultural Microbiology. 2nd Ed. PHI. India 5. Singh. R.S. 1997. Introduction to principles of plant pathology.3rd edition. Oxford and TBH 6. Subba Rao. N.S. 1995. Soli Microorganisma and plant growth. Oxford and IBH 7. Sylvia.D.M, Jeffery.J.Fuhrmann. Peter.G. hartel, david.A. Zuberber.1997.Principles and applications of soil Microbiology 1st ed. Prentice Hall. 8. Subbarao. N.S and Dommergues.Y.R.1998. Microbial interactions in agriculture and forestry. Science publishers. 9. Richard.E, Issacson, marry.E and Torrece.2005. Microbial food safety in animal agriculture. Current topics. Blackwell publishers. 10. M.K.Sateesh.2010. Recombinant DNA technology. Comprehensive Biotechnology-V. New Age International Publishers. 11. M.K.Sateesh. 2010. Immunology and Plant Biotechnology. New Age International Publishers 12. Shivakumar.M.2004. Introduction to soil and Agricultural Microorganisms. Himalaya Publishing house 13. Biswas.P.K. 2008. Agricultural Microbiology. Dominant Publishers 14. Markandy.D.K.2006. Agricultural applications of Microbiology. APH publishing corporation 15. SubbaRao.N.S.1982 Advances in Agricultural Microbiology. Butterworth- Heinemann publishers. 16. Rangaswami.G and Bagyaraj.D.J . 2002. Agricultural Microbiology.RHI Publishers. 17. Raina.M.Maier.2002. Environmental Microbiology. 18. P.D.Sharma.2006. Plant pathology. Alpha Science International. 19. Sharma.P.G. 2006. Plant Pathology. Rastogi Publication.
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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE IV SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 4 MMB 02: MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 52 HOURS CONTENT Medically Important Microorganisms: Classification of medically important microorganisms. Normal flora of human body and its significance, tissue trophism. Infections; Characteristics And Types : Portals of entry. Mechanism of host defense. Evasion of host defenses, toxigenesis- bacterial toxins and its types. Bacterial Diseases : Symptomatology, laboratory diagnosis, etiology and control of bacterial infection by Staphylococcus, Pneumococcus, E.coli, Salmonalla, Neisseria, Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Vibrio, Yersinia, Haemophilus, Mycobacterium, Spirochaetes, Chlamydiae and Mycoplasma. Protozoan infections- malaria and filaria. Fungal Diseases : Pathogenisis, laboratory diagnosis and control of pathogenic fungisuperficialand systemic mycoses, Aspergillosis, Candidiasis, Mycotoxins. Viral And Prion Diseases : Diseases caused by Pox virus, Herpes virus, Picorna virus, Orthomyxo virus, Paramyxo virus, Rhabdo virus, Hepatitis virus, Oncogenic viruses, HIV, Dengue, Encephalitis. Prion infection: CJD, Kuru. Microbial Diagnostics And Antimicrobial Therapy : Collection and transport of clinical specimens, Immuno and molecular diagnostic methods. Antibacterial, antifungal and anti protozoal drugs, methods of testing drug sensitivity, antibiotic assay in fluids. Vaccines and vaccination schedule; Nosocomial infections- diagnosis and control. References: 1. Ananthanarayana.R and C.K.Jayaram Panicker, Text book of Microbiology , 4th edition, 2002 2. Jawetz E, Melnick J.L., Adelberg E.a. Review of Medical Microbiology, 6th edition, 2005 3. Mackie and McCartney , Medical Microbiology vol I, Microbial Infection vol 2, practical medical microbiology, 3rd edition, 1996 4. Murray , Medical Microbiology, 4th edition, 2003. 5. Baily and Scott, Diagnostic Microbiology, 5th edition,2006 6. David Greenwood, Medical Microbiology, 5th edition, 2005 7. Hurst, Microbiology for Health Sciences , 6th edition,2002 8. Pelczar, Microbiology,4th edition,2000 NO. OF HRS 5 10
13
10 7
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9. Daniel Lim , Microbiology, 6th edition2004 10. John , Diagnostic Microbiology, 3rd edition,2005 11. Black, Microbiology, 6th edition,2006 10. Volk, Beniganin, Kodner & Parsons, Essentials of Medical Microbiology,2006 11. Alcamo, Fudamentals of Microbiology, Addition Wesley Long Inc. 2005 12. Elint, Enquist, Krug, Racaniello & Shalker, Principle of Virology(2004), 13. Tizard, Immunology, 4th edition,2006 14. Goering.Roitt, Medical Microbiology, 4th edition, 2003 15. Dimmock(2002), Introduction to Modern Virology, 5th edition, 2002
CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE IV SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY 4 MMB 03: INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY 52 HOURS CONTENTS Scope Of Industrial Microbiology : Definition of industrial microbiology, Historical developments, Economics of microbial biotechnology; Biotechnological innovation in the chemical industry. Biocatalyst in organo chemical regulation, P/O quotients, metabolic overproduction and growth efficiency. Strain Improvement : Criteria for selection and strategies for strain improvement, maintenance and containment of recombinant organisms. Microbial Products Of Commercial Use : Industrial production of organic acids(citric acid, acetic acid, gluconic acid), amino acids (lysine, glutamic acid), solvents (ethanol, glycerol), antibiotics (penicillin, streptomycin, 51roteins51n51e), microbial polysaccharides (xanthan), polyesters (3 hydoxyalcanoate), Hormones (insulin), production of antibodies, Steroids transformation, anticholesterol compound (lovastatin). Microbial Enzymes And Microbes In Mineral Recovery : Industrial production of microbial enzymes (amylase, protease, cellulose), use of enzymes in starch processing, cheese making, textile industries, detergent industries, leather industries, breweries, pharmaceuticals and therapeutics.Metal leaching by bacteria from ores ( copper, iron, uranium, gold) Probiotics :Industrial production of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus sps, Industrial production of lactic acid, acidophilus milk, yoghurt. Production of Cheese. Immobilization Of Enzymes : Definition and concept of immobilization of enzymes and whole cell, Immobilization techniques- adsorption, cross-linkage, covalent modification, entrapment and encapsulation. Potential benefits of immobilization, Two dimensional separation of total cellular proteins, Protein microarray. References: 1) Barwart,G. J (1989).Basic Food Microbiology,Chapman and Hall,New York 2) El.mansi,E.MT amd Bryce,C.F.A (2002),fermentation microbiology and biotechnology Taylor and Francis,London NO OF HRS 3
13
15
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3) Colin Ratledge and Bjorn Kristiansen(2002),basic biotechnology,2nd edition-cambridge university press 4) Casida ,Jr l. E (1997).industrial microbiology 5) Frazier,W C and Westhoff,DC (2000) food microbiology 6) Prescott,SC and Dunn;(2001) industrial microbiology 7) Stanbury. P F .,Whitaker A and Hall S j (2000);Principles of fermentation technology 8) Industrial microbiology-A H Patel 9) Glazer N.A. and Nikaido H (1995), Microbial Biotechnology. (Fundamentals of Applied Microbiology). W.H. Freeman and Company, New York. 10) Micheal J W (2001) Industrial Microbiology; an introduction. Blackwell Science. 11) G. Reed (Ed), CBS Publishers (AVI Publishing Co.) Industrial Microbiology 12) C.L.Hershnergey, S.W. Queener and Q. Hegeman. Publisher. ASM. Ewesis Et_al. 1998. Bioremediation Principles. Mac Graw Hill;Genetics and Biotechnology of Industrial Microorgansims. 13) D. Pearlman, Academic Press.(2003) Annual Reports in Fermentation Processes 14) Arnold L Demain and Julian E Davies ; 2nd edition; Manual of Industrial Microbiology and biotechnology.(2007) 15) Michael J. Waites, Neil L. Morgan, Gary HigtonWiley-Blackwell, Paperback 10-2001; Industrial Microbiology: An Introduction. 16) S. C. Prescott, C. G. Dunn (2009) ; Agrobios(India); Industrial Microbiology 17) Davis J.E. and Demain A.L. ASM publications;2nd edition. Manual of industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS) IV SEM M.Sc., MICROBIOLOGY 4 MMB 04: FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY 52 HOURS CONTENTS
Fermentation Tehcnology : Introduction, concepts and scope. Isolation and purification industrial important organisms. Culture collection institutions. Fermentors : Design, components, body construction and basic functions. Different 13 types of fermentors, aeration and agitation systems, baffles, sterilization of fermentor medium, sterilization of air supply, temperature control. Aseptic inoculation and sampling methods. Scale up of fermentation process: parameter used in scale up and problems associated, solid state fermentation (Koji fermentor). Fermentation Media : Media formulation strategies, sources of carbon and nitrogen, 8 vitamins and minerals, role of buffers, precursors, inhibitors and inducers, Antifoaming agents. Substrates for solid state fermentation. Fermentation In Batch And Continuous Cultures :Batch growth, microbial growth 9 kinetics and thermal death of microorganisms. Effects of environments: temperature, P H and high nutrients concentration, methods of monitoring microbial growth. Continuous culture systems : concepts of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluid, plastic fluids, apparent viscosities. Downstream Processing : Objectives and criteria, foam separation, cell disruption 13 methods, centrifugation, precipitation methods, filtration, liquid extraction, membrane filtration, chromatography techniques, drying devices, crystallization. Solvent recovery.2D 52roteins52n of total cellular 52roteins. Quality Control: Quality control of fermented foods, chemical and microbial analysis, 5 FDA regulation for fermented foods and pharmaceutical products. References: 1. E.M.T. El-Mansi, C.F.A. Bryce, A.L.Demain A.R.Allman(2007) Fermantation microbiology and biotechnology 2nd edition Taylor and Francies group Boca Raton London New York.
No. Of HRS 4
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2. Lee Yuan Kun (2006) Microbial Biotechnology principles and applications 2nd edition World Scientific . 3. Michael L. Shuler Fikret Kargi Bioprecess Engineering basic concepts 2nd edition Prentice-Hall of India Private Ltd New Delhi. 4. Gerald Reed Prescott and Dunns (2004) Industrial microbiology 4th edition CBS Publication and distributors 4596/1A, 11 Danya Ganj New Delhi-02. 5. L.E. Casida, J.R, Industrial Microbiology New Age international (P) Ltd,Publishers. 6. A.H.Patel Industrial Microbiology MacMillan INDIA Ltd. 7. Peppler. PerimanMicrobial Technology fermentation technology 2nd edition volume-II Academic Press an Imprint of Elsevier. 8. Robert, H (2006) Microbiology and technology of fermented foods. Blackewll Publishers. 9. Stanburry. P.F. Whitaker A and Hall S.J.(1997), Principles of Fermentation technology 2nd edition . Aditya books (P) Ltd, New Delhi. 10. Hui.Y.H., Pegy, S.S. Wai, K.N. Fidel, T., Lisbeth, M. Goddick, Solveig, J.J.(2004) Handbook of food and beverage fermentation technology. Marckel Dekker Inc. 11. Mukhopadhyay S.N.(2001), Process Biotechnology fundamental s. Viva books Pvt Ltd. New Delhi. 12. Walf Crueger and Anneliese Crueger Biotechnology a text book and industrial microbiology. 2nd edition Panima Publishers corporation New Delhi. 13. Arnold L.Demain and Juliac E. Davies , Manual of Microbiology and Biotechnolgy 2 nd edition ASM Press. 14. E.M.T. El-Mansi, C.F.A. Bryce, Fermantation microbiology and biotechnology 2nd edition Taylor and Francies. 15. Pak-Lam Yu Fermentation Technology : Industrial Applications Kluwu Academic Publishers. CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS) IV SEM M.Sc., MICROBIOLOGY 4 MMB 05P: AGRICULTURAL AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY NO. 1 TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENT Isolation and identification of starch and pectin degrading microorganisms. 2 3 Isolation of pesticide degraders from soil. Isolation and identification of nitrogen fixing microorganismsRhizobium and Azotobacter. 4 5 Mushroom cultivation. Isolation and identification of plant pathogens from diseased plants. 6 7 Leishman staining and Giemsa staining. Spore and capsule staining.
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8 Study of colony morphology of pathogens on selective/differential /enriched medias. 9 Drug susceptibility tests- Kirby-Bauer and checker board methods. 10 Immunological diagnostic methods- WIDAL test, VDRL test, ELISA and Immunoprecipitation methods. * 4 hours per experiment
CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS) IV SEM M.Sc., MICROBIOLOGY 4 MMB 06P: MICROBIAL AND FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY NO. 1 2 3 4 TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENT Entrapment of enzymes and microbial cells using alginate methods. Production of citric acid from A.niger, T. viridae. Production of Penicillin and ethanol by small scale solid state fermentation. Detection and quantification of pigments produced by certain fungi and bacteria (P. chrysogenum, S. mercescens, Psuedomonas spp.) Detection and quantification of siderophores produced by Psuedomonas spp.
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6 7 8 9 10 Microbial assay of antibiotics, riboflavin and amino acids. Analysis of spoiled and fermented, Pharmaceutical products. Alcoholic fermentation and calculation of total and volatile acidity. Mushroom cultivation and estimation of protein. Production of alpha amylase, using A. oryzae/B. licheniformis using wheat bran as substrate in small scale solid state fermentation and its assay. Production of protease by A.niger using wheat bran, dried skim milk by small scale solid state fermentation and its assay. Industrial or institutional visits reports to be submitted.
11 12
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IV SEMESTER M.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY 2 MB07V:MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS VALUE ADDED COURSE 40 HOURS CONTENT Fundamentals of Molecular Diagnosis: Organization of human genome, Human Genome Project, Identifying human disease genes. Cancer genetics and cancer genome databases: oncogenes, tumour suppressor genes. Genetic disorders and spectrum of mutations in: Sickle cell anaemia, Duchenne muscular Dystrophy, Retinoblastoma, Cystic Fibrosis, Beta-thalassemia, eye defects and Sex linked inherited disorders. Genetic factors predisposing to microbial pathogenicity and Host - Parasite relationships. Philosophy and general approach to clinical specimens: Sample collection- method of collection, transport and processing of samples. Isolation and Purification of Nucleic acids- Principles and methods. Molecular cloning, labeling of nucleic acids, hybridization Nucleic acid amplification methods and types of PCR: Sample preparation, experimental design, primers, controls, product detection. Reverse Transcriptase-PCR, Inverse PCR, Multiplex PCR, Nested PCR, Alu-PCR, Hot- start, In situ PCR, LongPCR, PCR-ELISA, Arbitrarily primed PCR, ARMS-PCR and Ligase Chain Reaction with examples. Real-Time PCR in disease diagnosis. Electrophoresis techniques: Principle, classification, sample preparation, general methodology of agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis including 2D gel. SSCP analysis, Heteroduplex analysis with examples from genetic disorders of eye . Blotting techniques- Southern, Northern and Western in specific disease diagnosis. Different detection methods, their advantages and disadvantages. Applications of PCR- PCR based microbial typing: Eubacterial identification based on 16S rRNA sequences- Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction analysis (ARDRA)Culture independent analysis of bacteria- DGGE and TRFLP. Molecular diagnosis of fungal pathogens based on 18S rRNA sequences-Detection of plant, animal and human viral pathogens through PCR. RAPD, RFLP applications for animal and plants: PCR in forensic science-AmpFLP, STR- Determination of Paternity- Human identification and sex determination. DNA methylation analysis in cancer. Neonatal and Prenatal disease diagnostics : Gender identification using amelogenin gene locus. Amplification of Y chromosome specific Short Tandem Repeats (Y-STR). Analysis of mitochondrial DNA for maternal inheritance. Mitochondrial DNA defects in cardiac, immune system and impotency. Hybridization based detection methods : Characteristics and preparation of probes, Principle and applications of- In situ hybridization, Comparative genomic hybridization, Advanced karyotyping methods in disease diagnosis. DNA sequencing: Principles, Methods and Instrumentation- Advances in DNA sequencing- Pyrosequencing. Sequencing based disease identification with examples Microarray: Principle and methodology of DNA, Protein microarray and its molecular diagnostics applications. Protein based methods in disease diagnosis: Monoclonal antibodies- principle, production and application. Principle and methodology of ELISA, RIA and immunofluorescence techniques with examples. Gene therapy and other molecular based therapeutic approaches: HLA typing. Pharmacogenomics. Genes in pedigree. Genetic counseling. Advantages and disadvantages of molecular diagnosis methods. References NO OF HRS 4
4 3
2 2 3
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1. Medical Microbiology (1997), Edited by Greenwood, D, Slack, R and Peutherer, J, ELST Publishers. 2. Fundamentals of Molecular Diagnostics (2007). David E. Bruns, Edward R. Ashwood, Carl A. Burtis. Saunders Group. 3. Molecular Diagnostics: Fundamentals, Methods & Clinical applications (2007). Lele Buckingham and Maribeth L. Flaws 4. Molecular Diagnostics for the Clinical Laboratorian 2Ed. 2006, W.B. Coleman. Humana Press. 5. Molecular Pathology in Clinical Practice (2007). D. G. B. Leonard. 6. Genes VIII (2004) by B. Lewin, Oxford University Press. 7. An Introduction to Genetic Analysis (2000) by A.J.F. Griffiths, J.H. Miller, D.T. Suzuki, R.C. Lewontin and W.M. Gelbart, W.H. Freeman, New York. 8. An Introduction to Forensic DNA Analysis (2002) Rudin,N and Inman,K.CRC Press. 9. Forensic DNA Typing. Biology, Technology and Genetics of STR markers (2005) 10. John M. Butler, Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam. Journal articles 1. Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 2. McNeil N and Ried T. 2005. Novel molecular cytogenetic techniques for identifying complex chromosomal rearrangements: technology and applications in molecular medicine. Expert reviews in molecular medicine. 3. ICMR bulletin. 2000. Progress in technology for detection of mutations in haematological disorders. Vol.30, No 1. 4. Ingelman-Sundberg M and Rodriguez-Antona C. 2005. Pharmacogenetics of drug-metabolizing enzymes: implications for a safer and more effective drug therapy. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society. 360: 1563 1570 5. Saluz HP, Iqubal J, Limmon GV, Ruryk A, Wu Z. 2002. Fundamentals of DNA-chip/array technology for comparative gene-expression analysis. Current Science. 83: 829 833. 6. LaBaer J, Ramachandran N. 2005. Protein microarrays as tools for functional proteomics. Current opinion in chemical biology. 9: 14 19.
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CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS) IV SEMESTER M.SC., BIOTECHNOLOGY 2 MB07VP: MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS VALUE ADDED COURSE NO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 TITLE OF THE EXPERIMENT DNA extraction from peripheral blood Quality and quantity checking of nucleic acids RNA extraction from peripheral blood RFLP analysis Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Western blotting Molecular detection of any two human genetic diseases Bioinformatics tools for genome and proteome analysis
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Complete Syllabus of MSC MB

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Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Designation Head of the Department

Qualification M.Sc., M.Phil., Ph.D.

Mrs. Amudha.C.K Mrs. Soumya.S Mrs.Leelavathy

Lecturer Lecturer Lecturer

M.Sc., M.Phil. M.Sc. M.Sc., M.Phil.

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

1 MMB 05P 1 MMB 06P 1 MMB PR1

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

CMR Institute of Management Studies (Autonomous), Bangalore I semester M.Sc., Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

90 538 360 NA 240 600

Immunology Biostatistics, bioinformatics, Research methodology and Bioethics

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

TOTAL 100 100 200

3 MMB 01 3 MMB 02 3 MMB 03 3 MMB 04 3MMB 05P 3 MMB 06P 1 MMB PR 1

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

4 MMB 01 4 MMB 02 4MMB 03 4 MMB 04 4MMB 05P

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

TEST Answers in brief Answers in brief

Total Questions given 7 Questions (2 Choice) 6 Questions (2 Choice)

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Problem & hypothesis 5

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES (AUTONOMOUS), BANGALORE I SEMESTER M.SC., MICROBIOLOGY

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

* 4 hours per experiment

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

* 4 hours per experiment

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

* 4 hours per experiment

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

* 4 hours per experiment

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

* 3hours per experiment

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

SYLLABUS III SEMESTER

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology

Post Graduate Department of Microbiology