Audio- Visual Material: Flipchart Field: Biology Theme: Science and Health Topic: Muscular System Title: Kinds

of Muscles and its Function Objectives: General Objective: The students will learn the different kinds of muscles and its function. Specific Objectives: 1. This enables the students define muscular system. 2. Help the students describe the different kinds of muscles; and 3. Students will elaborate its functions. Description of Audio- Visual material Flip chart is a series of visuals drawn into large sheets of papers, cardboard or cloth fastened together at the top. It contains simple, straight forward message in short sentence with frequently large picture or illustration. It is also a visual- aid consisting of large pad of paper mounted on an easel, used to present information. The sheets are turned or flipped one at a time as the presentation is made. This presentation will probably last 10 minutes. Expected Audience: Second Year High School Students Introduction This module is intended for a high school student and to all who are interested in the organ system in our body. There are muscles all over our body. There are big muscles, small muscles, long and thin muscles. Together with the bones, muscles give you body the shape it has. When you eat chicken, do you notice that its meat is fibrous? Have you tried separating the meat into fibers? Our muscles are made of fibrous tissues. A muscle is similar to a bundle of rubber bands bound very tightly together. It is thick in the middle and becomes smaller towards the ends. Our body has more than 600 hundred muscles. Any simple movement you do makes use of some muscles

Discussion Nature and Importance The muscular system is vital to the human body. It is important from the point of view that it helps in movement. One can't imagine the consequences if we could move or grow! We would, in all probability wouldn't have existed in the first place. The muscle tissues in addition in making us move are even more important due to the following characteristics. First characteristic is excitability. This is known as stimulus and the human body is programmed to respond to stimuli. Contractility- the folding of our muscles is actually the contraction taking place and this is the body's unique self-accommodating system that helps the muscles be contained within the same frame rather than tearing out for space. Extensibility- this is the opposite of the previous function. There has to be a similar opposite action in nature and that is best shown by this muscle functioning. Elasticityour muscles stretch to a certain limit without injury and then come back to its original shape and size. Elasticity of muscle fibers is extremely important. Conductivity- the muscle tissues in our body conduct ion exchange and help carry electrical impulses from the brain and nerves to the body parts and vice-versa. This is achieved by the muscles maintaining a steady electrical field which facilitates the movement of charged ions. Muscular System Muscle is a tissue or organ of the animal body characterized by the ability to contract, usually in response to a stimulus from the nervous system. The basic unit of all muscle is the myofibril, a minute, threadlike structure composed of complex proteins. Each muscle cell, or fiber, contains several myofibrils, which are composed of regularly arranged myofilaments of two types, thick and thin. Kinds of Muscles There are three different kinds of muscles. These are the smooth muscle, the skeletal muscle and the cardiac or the heart muscle. 1. Smooth muscle is composed of slender, spindle-shaped cells, each with a single nucleus. Smooth muscle cells contract in rhythmic waves to propel food through the digestive tract and provide tension in the urinary bladder, blood vessels, uterus, and other internal organs. Visceral, or involuntary, muscle is composed of spindle-shaped cells, each having a central nucleus. The cells have no cross striations, although they do exhibit faint longitudinal striations. Stimuli for the contractions of smooth muscles are mediated by

the autonomic nervous system. Smooth muscle is found in the skin, internal organs, reproductive system, major blood vessels, and excretory system. 2. Skeletal Muscle enables the voluntary movement of bones. Skeletal muscle consists of densely packed groups of elongated cells known as muscle fibers. Within these fibers, the alternation of thick and thin myofilaments gives skeletal muscles a striated, or striped, appearance. 3. Cardiac Muscle is a unique muscle tissue found only in the heart. Unlike most forms of muscle, which are stimulated to contract by nerves or hormones, certain cardiac muscle cells can contract spontaneously. Without a constant supply of oxygen, cardiac muscle will die, and heart attacks occur from the damage caused by insufficient blood supply to cardiac muscle. Conclusion Muscles play a vital role in our body. Muscle are responsible for movement inside and outside the body, moves materials through the body (like blood, food, or wastes) and move our arms, legs, and all other. Muscle strength is of vital importance in keeping a healthy body. Our muscles have a variety of roles in our body including protecting our bones and keeping our body moving. In past decades the majority of people used their muscles on a daily basis with manual labor employment and lifestyles that required the use of more muscle activity.

Summary Muscles are important to our body. They play a vital role. There are three kinds of muscles, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle. Smooth muscle is found in organs made up also of other tissues, such as the heart and intestines, which contain layers of connective tissue. Skeletal muscle is usually found in bundles, composing muscular structures resembling organs in function. Most skeletal muscles are composed of both types of fibers, although one type may predominate. The fast-twitch, darker-hued muscle fibers contract more rapidly and produce bursts of power; the slow-twitch, lighter-hued muscle fibers have greater endurance.

References G.W. Willis (2009). Muscles. Microsoft Student (DVD). Microsoft Corporation. Matt Steven Dyer. Characteristics of Muscle Tissue. Retrieved on March 03, 2012 from http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Matt_Steven_Dyer Mick Kenny (2008). Importance of Muscles. Retrieved on March 03, 2012 from www.natural therapy.com Norma M. Abracia, Ed. D. and Carmelit C. Coronel (1999). Muscular System. Science and Health 4. SD Publications, Inc. Root, Walter S (2009). Muscle. Microsoft Student Corporation,. [DVD). Microsoft