Practice Problem for the Final Exam, Math 1502

1. Suppose that A is a 3 3 matrix with eigenvalues 1, 2 and 5. a) Find the determinant of A. b) Is the matrix A invertible? c) Is the matrix A diagonalizable? d) Find the characteristic polynomial of A. e) Find the eigenvalues of A5 . f) Find the eigenvalues of BAB 1 where B is any invertible matrix. 2 0 3 1 2. V is a subspace of R4 spanned by the vectors 1 , 1 4 3 be the 4 4 matrix with columns given by the 4 vectors above. b) Is the matrix A invertible? Explain. c) Find an orthogonal basis of V . 0 1 d) Is the vector 3 in V ? If not, nd the closest vector in V to it. 4 e) Find a basis of the kernel of A. f) Without performing further calculations, nd determinant of A and explain your answer. g) Find one eigenvalue and one eigenvector of A. 3. T is a linear transformation with T (a) Find T 0 1 . 1 0 . 2 3 = 1 0 and T 1 1 = 1 1 1 1 0 7 , and 0 1 3 2 . Let A

a) Find a basis of V , the dimension of V , the dimension of the kernel of A and the rank of A.

(b) Find a vector u such that T (u) = (c) Find the domain of T . (d) Find the range of T . (e) Find the matrix of T .

(f) Without doing further calculations, nd the rank of the matrix of T and explain your answer. (g) Does there exist a non-zero vector x such that T (x) = 0? Explain.
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 2 1 1 0 2 and b = 3 . 4. Consider the equation Ax = b with A = 3 1 4 1 1 1 (a) Does this equation have a solution? If yes, nd all solutions, if not, explain. (b) Find the least squares solution of the above equation. (c) Find the length and the dot product of the columns of A. Are the columns of A orthogonal? (d) Find a pair of rows of A that are perpendicular to each other. (e) Find an orthogonal basis of the column space of A. (f) Find the dimension of the kernel of A. 5. Find the eigenvalues, eigenvectors and diagonalize the following matrices, if possible. 3 2 (a) . 2 3 (b) 3 1 1 1 . 0 0 . 0 1

5 3 1 (d) 0 5 1 . 1 0 2

3 0 0 1 1 0 (c) 2 1 0 1 1 1

6. Find the best t line to the following sets of points: (a) (1, 2), (2, 4), (1, 0), (5, 2), (3, 3). (b) (2, 1), (0, 0), (5, 4), (1, 2). 7. True or False. No partial credit. (a) The span of the columns of a matrix A is equal to the range of the linear transformation T given by T (x) = Ax. (b) Any system of equations Ax = b has a least squares solution. (c) Any subspace has an orthogonal basis. (d) Any 4 linearly independent vectors in R4 form a basis of R4 .
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(e) Any collection of non-zero orthogonal vectors is linearly independent. (f) If the matrix A has more columns than rows then the system Ax = 0 always has innitely many solutions. (g) Any invertible matrix can be diagonalized. (h) Any diagonalizable matrix is invertible. (i) If u is perpendicular to every vector in the basis of a subspace V , then the orthogonal projection of u onto V is the zero vector. (j) If the characteristic polynomial of A is ( 1)2 ( 2)2 then the determinant of A is 2. (k) For an invertible matrix A, the eigenvectors of A1 are the same as eigenvectors of A. (l) If a matrix A is not invertible then equation Ax = b has either no solutions of innitely many solutions. (m) If a matrix A is invertible then equation Ax = b always has a unique solution. (n) If a n nmatrix A has linearly independent rows then A is invertible. (o) If a n nmatrix A has linearly independent columns then A is invertible. (p) If A is an invertible matrix then AT A is also invertible. (q) If 7 9 matrix A has kernel of dimension 5 then the column space of A has dimension 2. (r) Any linearly independent set of vectors is a basis of its span. (s) The eigenvalues of A are the same as eigenvalues of AT . (t) If a vector u is orthogonal to all rows of A then u is in the kernel of A. 3 s 1 1

9. A =

. Find a number s so that:

(a) A is singular. (b) A is not diagonalizable. (c) 3 is an eigenvalue of A. (d) Columns of A are orthogonal. 3 (e) is an eigenvector of A. 1 (f) A1 has eigenvalue 4.
3

(g)

A1

has eigenvector

1 1

3 3 0 10. A = 3 1 2 . Find a number b (if possible) so that: b 0 2 (a) The determinant of A is 4. (b) The rank of A is 2. is an eigenvalue of A1 . 1 0 has no solutions. (d) The system Ax = 0 3 (e) The system Ax = 1 has innitely many solutions. 2 (c) 11. The population of a certain anthill grows at a rate proportional to the current population. Numerical data show that the proportionality factor is 3% per year. Let P (t) be the population of this country at time t. (a) Write down the dierential equation for P (t). (b) Find a formula for P (t). (c) How many years does it take for the population of this country to triple? Find the exact formula. 12. Solve the following initial value problems: (a) 2t2 y + t3 y = t3 , y(0) = 2 (b)
dy dx 1 2

x3 , y(2+x4 )

y(0) = 3

13. Find the following limits. Show your work/reasoning! (a) limt2 (b) limt1
t3 8 t2 4 t1 et 1

(d) limx0

(c) limt t e3/t 1

ex x

14. Find the general solution to the following dierential equations: (a) y 3y 4y = 0
4

1 x (e) limx cos x

(b) y + 6y + 9y = 0 (c) y + 2 y = t
cos t t2

15. Determine if the following series converges or diverges. If the series contains positive and negative terms determine whether it converges absolutely or conditionally. Show your work/reasoning! k+3 (a) k=0 2k k ln k (b) k=1 (1) k (c) (d) (e) (f)
1 m=1 (3 ln m)m n! n=1 2n k=1

2k1 k
3k+5

1 n=1 n(n+3)(n+5)

16. a) Is the series

1 k=1 k2 +1

Explain! b) How does the series k21 compare to the same integral? Explain! k=2 +1 c) If we use the trapezoid rule to estimate the following integral: 5 x2 dx, will we get an overestimate or an underestimate? Explain!
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an overestimate or an underestimate for the following integral: 1 dx? x2 + 1 1

17. Find the Taylor series expansion of the function about the given point and nd the radius of convergence: (a) e3x expanded about the point x = 1. (b)
1 x+1

expanded about the point x = 0.

18. Find the specied Taylor polynomials for f (x) about x = 0 and estimate the maximum error: (a) The fourth Taylor polynomial for f (x) = cos x. Find an error bound for using P4 (1) to estimate sin(1). (b) The fth Taylor polynomial for f (x) = ex . Find an error bound for using P5 (3) to estimate e3 .